cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events play critical roles in Sindbis virus maturation.

Abstract We have examined the effects of various inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases on Sindbis virus maturation in BHK cells. 2-aminopurine, a nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, and okadaic acid (OKA), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, dose-dependently inhibited Sindbis virus maturation. Although virus production was inhibited, the membrane glycoprotein precursors PE2/E1 were exported from the endoplasmic reticulum and PE2 was converted to E2 at normal kinetic rates. The glycoproteins were delivered to the plasma membrane in conformations which rendered them competent for low pH-mediated cell-cell fusion from within. Electron microscopy showed that in the presence of W-7, virus nucleocapsids were free in the cell cytoplasm, while in the presence of OKA, the nucleocapsids were associated with cell membranes. Metabolic labeling of Sindbis virus-infected cells with [32P]orthophosphate in the presence of OKA resulted in the specific labeling of the PE2/E2 glycoprotein. We have previously shown that the carboxyl terminus of the PE2 glycoprotein is initially buried in cell membranes and is then exposed to the cytoplasm at some later stage in virus maturation. The data shown are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation play a critical role in a late stage in Sindbis virus maturation, possibly in releasing of the E2 tail from cell membranes.
Verification of Numerical Models Used in Microelectronics Packaging Design by Interferometric Displacement Measurement Methods

Verified/predictive modeling has become an integral part of electronic packaging product development in order to reduce costs and cycle time. In this paper, interferometric displacement measurement methods are utilized to verify the validity of numerical models for microelectronics packaging design. Three optical methods with submicron sensitivities are employed: moire interferometry, microscopic moire interferometry and Twyman/Green interferometry. The first two provide contour maps of in-plane displacement fields, and the third maps out-of-plane displacement fields. Their high sensitivity and high spatial resolution make them ideally suited for verification of numerical models. By combining numerical modeling and experimental verification until the results merge, numerical models become more accurate and dependable. Then, the models can be applied extensively to optimize the package designs with confidence that the models provide effective information on material and geometry sensitivity.
Characterization of cytopathogenicity of aquarium seal mycoplasmas and seal finger mycoplasmas by light and scanning electron microscopy

Summary Two recent mycoplasma isolates (one from an aquarium seal and one from a patient with the clinical entity known as seal finger) have been evaluated for cytopathogenicity in tracheal explant cultures. Examinations were performed in direct comparison to Mycoplasma phocidae, an isolate from an epidemic of seal pneumonia along the New England coast (USA) in 1979–1980. The study revealed similar inhibitory effects on ciliated tracheal epithelial cells and clumping of cilia by attached mycoplasmas; no exfoliation of respiratory epithelial cells was observed. In addition, cytopathic effects caused by the mycoplasmas were distinguished from effects of aging in non-infected explants under long-term in-vitro cultivation conditions. The general meaning of mycoplasmas in seals is discussed in detail in this paper.
Mothers' achievement beliefs and behaviors and their children's school readiness: A cultural comparison

Abstract We explored the relationships among mothers' attributional beliefs, mothers' behaviors, and children's school readiness in European- and Chinese-American mothers and their 4-year-olds. Mothers rated the importance of ability, effort, teachers, and parents as causes of children's academic success, and reported how many times in the previous week they had read with their children. Children's autonomy and mothers' encouragement of children's autonomy were evaluated while mother–child pairs performed a joint task. Children completed a school readiness test. Chinese-American children scored higher on autonomy and school readiness than their European-American peers, and Chinese-American mothers showed stronger effort-related beliefs than European-American mothers. Mothers' attributional beliefs in effort were significantly related to their autonomy encouragement. Contrary to our hypotheses, mothers' behaviors were unrelated to school readiness or child autonomy.
A note on Putnam and the transitivity of the real

Professor Putnam's argument that future happenings are already real is clarified and examined. It is argued that, contrary to other claims in the literature, Putnam's premises are consistent, but that the field of the relation R on which he bases his conclusion is such that the conclusion does not in fact follow.
An Accurate Theoretical Approximation for Adiabatic Condensation Temperature

Abstract A theoretical approximation for condensation temperature is obtained. The approximate solution lies within 0.01 K of the corresponding iterative solution for dewpoint depressions up to 40 K. This approximation error is less than the uncertainty resulting from use of an empirical formula for saturation vapor pressure and the assumption that cp is constant for dry air.
The Institutionalist: A Conversation with Hugh Heclo

Th is interview marks the 30th anniversary of the publication of Hugh Heclo’s classic, A Government of Strangers: Executive Politics in Washington. Th is engaging conversation touches on such wide-ranging themes as Heclo’s early mentorship by Aaron Wildavsky; his nurturing apprenticeship at the Brookings Institution, leading to the publication of A Government of Strangers; the increasingly intense partisanship and schism within the executive branch between career federal bureaucrats and political appointees; the conduct of presidential administrations as never-ending political marketing campaigns; the cynical harnessing of religion in the service of policy objectives; public service and institutional commitment; and the need for political leadership to engage the public honestly and responsibly on matters of fi scal concern.
Lmmunobiology of human anti-lgA: a serologic and immunogenetic study of immunization to IgA in transfusion and pregnancy*

Human antibodies to human IgA are detected by a sensitive passive hemagglutination assay using IgA paraproteins. The antibodies have a dichotomy of specificities: (1) class-specific with titers frequently higher than 1:1000 produced by persons lacking IgA, and (2) antibodies with limited specificity (titers less than 1:256) produced by persons with normal IgA when repeatedly transfused. Either type of anti-IgA belonging to the IgG class was present in 86 per cent of the patients with anaphylactoid and urticarial transfusion reactions, which was consistent with binding of the complement by such antibodies. Anti-IgA antibodies were detected in 16 per cent of the cases with multiple transfusions received during openheart surgery procedure; they also have a significantly high incidence in the sera of recently delivered women. One fetus had IgM anti-IgA, probably as a result of immunization to maternal IgA. Serum obtained from a Caucasian woman before and after an anaphylactoid reaction to a blood transfusion contained anti-IgA antibodies of limited specificity of the IgG class, possibly as a result of isoimmunization in pregnancy. The patient's serum was used as an agglutinator in passive hemagglultination assays on normal serum, which resulted in the definition of Am(l), the first genetically determined allotype of human IgA. On the basis of serologic and immunochemical evidence, Am(1) was localized in the a chains. Based on its gene frequencies and on family studies, Am(l) was established as a mendelian dominant trait. The isoantigen is associated with γA2 subclass but not with the serum γA2 levels. Am(1) is different from the other allotypes of human immunoglobulins, the Gm and Inv types. Am(1) is detectable in salivary IgA; it was not detectable in cord sera. Its polymorphism makes it suitable for studies of population genetics and the molecular biology of IgA.
Introduction to the SRC Design Sciences Program

The SRC is supported by 29 member companies and sponsors basic and applied research in semiconductor devices, processes, and design at U.S. universities. There are two centers of excellence and fourteen research projects in the SRC Design Sciences research program. The center of excellence in CAD at the University of California at Berkeley considers all phases of the design process but emphasizes most heavily the device, layout and circuit levels. The Carnegie-Mellon University Center of Excellence In CAD is likewise broadly based but tends to concentrate on the functional levels of the design process. The 14 university research projects address all levels of the design process.
Computer simulation of polarization of mobile charges on the surface of a dielectric sphere in transient electric fields

Abstract The polarization of mobile charges on the surface of a dielectric sphere subjected to electric fields is simulated using a random walk method. The effects of field strength and charge density on the polarization time constant and the polarization strength are investigated in the limit where the characteristic electric energy is much larger than the thermal energy. A linear region and a nonlinear region are seen, with the transition between these regions determined by the ratio of the strength of the Coulomb interactions between the charges to the driving force from the applied electric field. The steady-state polarizability agrees well with the modified Maxwell-Wagner model, while the polarization time constant can differ by a factor of about 2, depending on the dielectric mismatch. The simulated effects are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Lead(II) in a sulfur-rich environment: Synthesis and molecular structure of the first dinuclear bis(mercaptoimidazolyl)methane complex

Abstract The first dinuclear bis(mercaptoimidazolyl)methane metal complex, the lead(II) derivative [Pb2(BmmMe)5](ClO4)4, has been prepared and fully characterized using a combination of analytical and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallography confirmed the presence in the solid state of two dicationic [Pb(BmmMe)2]2+ fragments bridged by the fifth BmmMe ligand, which uses an unprecedented unidentate:bidentate (μ-κ1-S:κ2-S,S) coordination mode to link the two metal centers.
Clinical experience with the Cu-7 intrauterine device☆

Abstract The Copper-7 (Cu-7) intrauterine device was used by 186 patients for 1,693 women-months. Fifty-nine percent of the women were nulligravida or nulliparous. There were 1.1 pregnancies per 100 women for the first year of use, as calculated by the life-table method. The rates for expulsion and removal for medical reasons for one year of use were 4.1 and 12.4 per 100 users, respectively. The device was well tolerated by both nulliparous and multiparous patients.
Coupled patterns of spatiotemporal variability in Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure and conterminous U.S. drought

[1] We apply the multitaper frequency domain–singular value decomposition signal detection method to the investigation of coherent patterns of variation in seasonal Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure and conterminous U.S. summer drought during the period 1895–1995. The analysis identifies statistically significant patterns of spatiotemporal variability on interannual and bidecadal timescales indicative of both cold-season and warm-season atmospheric influences on North American drought patterns. The most robust signal found appears to be associated with the influences of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on North American summer drought. Evidence is also found to support the existence of a roughly bidecadal drought signal tied to warm-season atmospheric circulation changes. The “Dust Bowl” conditions of the 1930s appear to result from a combination of these bidecadal influences on drought conditions that coincide with a decrease in the amplitude of interannual ENSO-related variability during the 1930s.
Recent Eastern Orthodox Interpretation of the New Testament

Interpretation of the Bible in the Eastern orthodox Church has until recently been largely determined by the dogmatic imperatives of the ecclesial institution. in the “last several decades, however, a variety of Orthodox scholars have launched significant investigations of the Bible and particularly of the New Testament using methododolgy modeled on that of the Western scholarly academy, while in some cases continuing to search for a specifically 'Orthodox' approach to biblical study. This article concentrates primarily on developments in New Testament interpretation among orthodox biblical scholars in North america over the last three decades, focusing on the contributions of a generation of researchers responsible for the first significant expansion of Orthodox biblical study into modern academia and looking forward to newer voices and research directions in the orthodox world.
Neuromyelitis optica (Devic syndrome) in a 12-year-old male with complete recovery following steroids

Neuromyelitis optica is one of the rarest forms of central nervous system demyelinating disease. It is particularly infrequent in Western countries and complete recovery is rare. We report a 12-year-old boy with neuromyelitis optica which occurred shortly after an upper respiratory infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed several small areas of increased signal intensity within the cerebral and cerebellar white matter on T2-weighted images. The patient recovered completely following treatment with high-dose prednisone.
Multiplicity dependence of one-particle momentum distributions

Abstract The explicit form of the one-particle momentum distributions in multiperipheral models is found for large multiplicities, ν ⪢1; ν = n /log( E / E O ), where n is the secondary multiplicity, E is the primary energy and E O is an appropriate constant. Experimental data show a remarkable agreement with the theoretical distributions.
A selfish gene chastened: Tribolium castaneum Medea M 4 is silenced by a complementary gene

Maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest (Medea) of Tribolium castaneum are autosomal factors that act maternally to cause the death of any progeny that do not inherit them. This selfish behavior is thought to result from a maternally expressed poison and zygotically expressed antidote. Medea factors and the hybrid incompatibility factor, H, have a negative interaction consistent with complementary genes of the Dobzhansky-Muller model for post-zygotic isolation. This negative interaction may result from H suppression of Medea zygotic antidote, leaving zygotes incompletely protected from maternal poison. I report here a test of the hypothesis that H also suppresses the Medea maternal poison. Viable F1 females were generated from a cross of Medea M4 strain males to H strain females. These females, heterozygous for both M4 and H, failed to express M4 maternal lethal activity when crossed to their male sibs. Transmission of non-M4 homologues from these females was confirmed using a dominant transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein eye color marker, tightly linked in cis to M4. M4 beetles, lacking H, were selected from the F2 population. Female descendants of these clearly expressed M4 maternal lethal activity, indicating restoration of this activity after H was segregated away. I conclude that H, or a factor tightly linked to H, suppresses Medea M4 maternal poison.
Governance in a Globalizing World

ABSTRACT The capacity of a governance system to act and the integrity of its actions are increasingly recognized as foundations to society’s advancement and development. Globalization influences on governance, particularly its administrative side, are creating new needs and demands. Even when the outcome of globalization is debatable, its impact on today’s public managers clearly calls for expansion of their intellectual horizons and refinement of their operational skills. Managers must improve their communication and negotiation skills, conform to higher standards of accountability, transparency, and ethics, and master the complex new technologies within e-government. In fostering reform, public institutions must rely on their own internal learning processes while adapting to international standards and practices. The lesson: Within the still-unfolding global conditions, systems of governance everywhere have a choice of adapting or losing the game.
Two new species and a new section of Cyperaceae from Brazil

Described as new are Lagenocarpus subaphyllus of the affinity ofL. triqueter, and Rhynchospora caesionux of sect.Spermodontes. Lageno carpus sect. Junciformes is proposed as new to accommodate the subaphyllous species of the genus with terminal panicles.
Anticipated Spin Susceptibility Characteristics of the A-10 Aircraft

This paper presents the results of a real-time six-degree-of-freedom computer analysis of the spin entry, spin, and recovery characteristics of the U.S. Air Force A-10 close air-support aircraft. The primary emphasis of this study was directed toward determination of the spin susceptibility of the A-10 aircraft during l-g trim and accelerated flight conditions. The computer analysis was based upon 640 wind-tunnel test hours on 1/10and 1/20scale models of the prototype A-10 aircraft at high angles of attack. The analysis approach followed guidelines of the U.S. Air Force specification, MIL-S-83691A, "Stall/Post-Stall/Spin Flight Test Demonstration Requirements." The results indicated that three spin modes exist for the A-10 aircraft but that only one of these spin modes (a low angle-of-attack spin mode) could be entered with misapplied control inputs from l-g trim or accelerated flight conditons. The exception to this statement was the fully extended speedbrake configuration, where two spin modes were obtained from a l-g trim flight condition. Recoveries from all spin modes were shown to be excellent except for the high angle-of-attack spin mode, where these results were inconclusive.
A Research Derived Bereavement Support Group Technique for the Hiv-1 Infected:

A brief, semi-structured, bereavement support group for HIV seropositive and at risk homosexual men suffering a recent loss of a close friend or lover is described. The intervention employed a set ...
Activation of CD4+ T cells by delivery of the B7 costimulatory signal on bystander antigen‐presenting cells (trans‐costimulation)

Increasing evidence in both murine and human systems suggests that the interaction of the T cell surface antigens CD28/CTLA4 with their ligand B7 on the antigen-presenting cells (APC) is the critical costimulatory pathway involved in the induction of maximal T cell activation and the prevention of induction of anergy. It has also been demonstrated that efficient induction of clonal expansion of normal CD4+ T cells requires the delivery of the T cell receptor (TCR) ligand and costimulation by the same APC. We demonstrate here that normal murine CD4+ T cells can be efficiently activated by soluble anti-CD3 cross-linked by fixed macrophages and by a costimulatory signal delivered by a bystander APC, B7-transfected L cells. The major factor which determined the ability of an APC to provide costimulation in “trans” was the level of cell surface B7 expression. The requirement for B7 costimulation appears to be at initial stage of TCR engagement since optimal T cell activation was only observed when TCR triggering and B7 costimulatory activity were delivered at same time by different APC. Induction of maximal proliferation of both naive CD45RBhi and memory CD45RBlo CD4+ T cells was B7 dependent and both populations of cells responded equally well to the B7 costimulation delivered in “trans”. Furthermore, trans-costimulation provided by B7 transfected L cells efficiently prevented the induction of anergy in normal murine CD4+ T cells induced by anti-CD3 cross-linked by fixed-resting macrophages. Addition of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7 to the primary culture in the absence of B7-transfected L cells or addition of IL-2 to the culture containing the B7 transfectant and CTLA4Ig completely prevented the induction of hyporesponsiveness. These findings raise the possibility that in certain pathological states, CD4+ T cells in vivo may be activated by costimulation delivered by bystander APC.
Exchange splitting of epitaxial fcc Fe/Cu(100) versus bcc Fe/Ag(100).

The magnetic exchange splitting of epitaxial Fe films is determined using inverse photoemission. fcc Fe grown on Cu(100) is found in two phases, one obtained by deposition at 300 K with a splitting of 1.2 eV, and the second with a splitting of 0.9 eV obtained after annealing above 450 K. bcc Fe on Ag(100) exhibits a splitting of 1.8 eV, similar to that of bulk Fe. The magnetic splitting of the 3d states is shown to be correlated linearly with the local magnetic moment, with a slope of 1 eV/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$. This relation holds not only for ferromagnets, but also for antiferromagnets, spin glasses, and the free atoms.
The computational complexity of distance functions of two-dimensional domains

We study the computational complexity of the distance function associated with a polynomial-time computable two-dimensional domains, in the context of the Turing machine-based complexity theory of real functions. It is proved that the distance function is not necessarily computable even if a two-dimensional domain is polynomial-time recognizable. On the other hand, if both the domain and its complement are strongly polynomial-time recognizable, then the distance function is polynomial-time computable if and only if P = NP.
Why State Subsidies? Evidence from European Community Countries, 1981–1986

In this article I seek to explain why European Community members subsidized a substantial portion of their economies in the period 1981–1986. I test three competing explanations: socioeconomic, party control, and world markets. Parties have an impact on overall state subsidies and loans, but trade deficits are most influential in the disbursement of direct budget outlays and tax incentives. Unemployment has no effect on subsidies. The differential responsiveness to trade and parties is likely to frustrate efforts toward greater European integration.
A satellite-based global landslide model

Abstract. Landslides are devastating phenomena that cause huge damage around the world. This paper presents a quasi-global landslide model derived using satellite precipitation data, land-use land cover maps, and 250 m topography information. This suggested landslide model is based on the Support Vector Machines (SVM), a machine learning algorithm. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) landslide inventory data is used as observations and reference data. In all, 70% of the data are used for model development and training, whereas 30% are used for validation and verification. The results of 100 random subsamples of available landslide observations revealed that the suggested landslide model can predict historical landslides reliably. The average error of 100 iterations of landslide prediction is estimated to be approximately 7%, while approximately 2% false landslide events are observed.
Dexamethasone and forskolin synergistically increase [Met5]enkephalin accumulation in mixed brain cell cultures.

Possible synergistic effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX, 10−7 M) and the adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin (FSK, 10−5 M) on [Met5]enkephalin (ME) accumulation were examined in enriched rat glial cultures and in mixed neuronal/glial cultures. In enriched glial cultures, DEX and FSK each stimulated the accumulation of ME 2–3-fold over basal media levels, but there was little additional stimulation when these agonists were combined. In contrast, mixed neuronal/glial cultures showed only weak responses to DEX or FSK alone, but the combination of these agonists produced a pronounced synergistic effect on media ME accumulation (6–10-fold over basal levels). The DEX effect was mediated via a classical glucocorticoid receptor, since DEX was potent (acting over a concentration range of 10−11−10−7 M), mimicked by corticosterone (10−6 M), and blocked by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. There was a pronounced time lag (2 days) for the synergistic effects of DEX+FSK to develop. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies suggested that astrocytes were the major source for the increased ME production in all mixed neuronal/glial cultures examined. Creating a mixed culture by plating fetal neurons onto confluent, enriched P7 glial cultures inhibited accumulation of ME in the media. DEX+FSK, but neither agonist alone, overcame this neuronal inhibition and increased accumulation of media ME to levels identical to levels in stimulated enriched glial cultures. The net effect was a 6-fold increase in ME accumulation in the mixed neuronal/glial cultures relative to a 2.5-fold increase in the enriched glial cultures. Neuronal inhibition of basal glial ME production could explain the similar synergistic effects of DEX+FSK observed in all mixed neuronal/glial cultures examined, and may be important in suppressing ME production by astrocytes in the brain.
Psychiatric consultations for psychoactive substance disorders in the general hospital

A series of 511 consultations to a psychiatric consultation-liaison service was studied. Patients diagnosed with substance abuse disorders were found more likely to be younger, male, and nonwhite. Payer status was not significantly different. Psychiatric consultants' recommendations for substance abuse patients more often consisted of aftercare referral, with less utilization of nonmedical consultations, environmental manipulations, social support, and psychological testing. Further, nonsubstance abusers received more and longer follow-up visits. Overall length of stay was shorter for substance-abuse cases, and for nonabusing cases earlier consultation was associated with briefer hospital stay. The authors discuss factors that may explain these findings, and urge psychiatric consultants to rethink their approach to these patients. A thorough, thoughtful diagnostic evaluation and consideration of a variety of interventions is always indicated.
Escherichia coli toxin and attachment genes in sand at Great Lakes recreational beaches

The United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends density thresholds for the fecal indicator organism Escherichia coli in order to ensure the safety of recreational waters. A number of studies published over the past ten years indicate that E. coli is encountered frequently in sand at recreational beaches. While a majority of the sand-associated E. coli may be commensal or environmental strains, the potential for pathogenic strains of E. coli to be present exists. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of attachment and virulence genes associated with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains of E. coli (EPEC and EHEC) in populations of E. coli recovered from swash zone sand from seven recreational beaches along Lake Huron and Lake St. Clair in eastern Michigan, USA. Genes coding for attachment proteins in EPEC and EHEC were very prevalent in sand E. coli, but genes coding for toxin genes were uncommon. The paucity of genes associated with E. coli toxins suggests that the EPEC and EHEC pathotypes are not common in sand; however, the high prevalence of genes associated with attachment in E. coli pathotypes suggests that these genes are being retained within the beach sand E. coli population.
Sticking coefficients of adsorbing proteins.

Abstract The protein sticking coefficient, φ, the fraction of collisions that result in adsorption, is a function of the molecular interactions between the protein and the surface. A random walk and diffusionto-capture model was used to describe the kinetics of protein adsorption. The assumption of a constant sticking coefficient leads to a first-order model of the kinetics. A solution of the problem of adsorption from a semi-infinite medium with first-order kinetics at the boundary was obtained by numerical simulation on the computer. The results of the computer simulations match the time dependence observed experimentally. A correlation was developed to estimate φ from experimental data. φ has been found to be in the range 10−5 −10−8 for several protein adsorption kinetic studies reported in the literature.
Two kappa immunoglobulin genes are expressed in the myeloma S107.

Abstract We have cloned two rearranged kappa immunoglobulin genes from the mouse myeloma cell line S107, and find that both are expressed. One gene, designated S107A, encodes the secreted kappa chain that participates in phosphocholine binding and expression of the T-15 idiotype. The other gene, designated S107B, as described here, contains an unusual junction between a V region unrelated to that of S107A and a different J region. The V-J junction preserves the triplet reading frame, but 6 nucleotides have been deleted at the recombination site. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the germline V-region precursor of S107B in comparison with other germline kappa-variable sequences reveals an "extra" 2 nucleotides in S107B between codon 95 and the palindromic heptanucleotide CACAGTG previously implicated in V-J recombination; this difference may be relevant to the 6 nucleotide deletion. Both S107A and S107B genes are expressed in the S107 cell as protein products, but unlike the S107A kappa chain, the S107B protein product is not secreted into the medium. The expression of these two kappa genes in the S107 cell has implications for theories of allelic exclusion.
Competition among the pioneers in a seasonal soft-bottom benthic succession: field experiments and analysis of the Gilpin-Ayala competition model

Controlled experiments, designed to assess the effects of pioneers on succession on an intertidal sandflat, provided evidence for interspecific competition between juvenile Hobsonia florida (Polychaeta, Ampharetidae) and oligochaetes. The field data were fitted to both the linear Volterra and non-linear Gilpin-Ayala competition equations. With its greater number of parameters, the Gilpin-Ayala model must provide a better fit to observed population abundances. The Gilpin-Ayala model is flawed as an explanation of the population trajectories of the H. florida and oligochaetes, because its non-linearity parameter affects only intraspecific competion. With either model our field data demonstrate a solution to Hutchinson's paradox. With competition coefficients near unity and similar carrying capacities, the predicted population trajectories are heavily dependent on initial conditions. The predicted times to competitive exclusion are long and can easily exceed the typical period of environmental constancy. Our study offers evidence for Neill's competitive bottleneck: competition acts primarily on the developmental stages of one of a pair of competing species. The permanent meiofauna may act as a competitive bottleneck for the population growth of benthic macrofauna. The mechanism of this competitive interaction probably involves exploitative interspecific competition for benthic diatoms.
Annual reproductive cycle of the chiton Acanthopleura japonica

Annual reproductive cycle of the chiton Acanthopleura japonica (Lischke) was studied by observing both gonad index and histological features from October 1980 to October 1981. No significant changes in each factor were observed from October to April. Increased values of gonad index and spermatogenesis or vitellogenesis in gondas were observed from May to September. In the same time, gonad index decreased and sperms or oocytes in gonalds disappeared in the days around spring tide, and they were recovered around neap tide. Suggested spawning around spring tide from May to September is also supported by the occurrence of released eggs in the days around the new and full moons.
The effect of uranyl nitrate on sucrose production and storage in corn scutellum slices

Abstract Uranyl nitrate (1·5 × 10 −3 M) completely inhibited the storage of exogenous sucrose in slices of the corn scutellum, but had no effect on the storage of intracellularly synthesized sucrose. Sucrose production from glucose or fructose was inhibited by 15 and 35 per cent, respectively, and the inhibitions were not increased by a 10-fold greater uranyl ion concentration. Essentially the same degrees of inhibition were obtained when the slices were incubated with uranyl ion and sugar as when the slices were pretreated in uranyl ion and then washed and placed in sugar solutions. In the latter case, the inhibition was shown to be completely reversed by hydrogen ion or partially reversed by certain metal cations. Uranyl ion also strongly inhibited the exchange of sucrose between the bathing solution and the storage compartment of the cell. These results are consistent with a scheme which includes two sucrose transport membranes, one at the cell exterior for exogenous sucrose and the other at the cell interior between the sucrose synthesis and storage compartments and a membrane containing hydrophilic pores through which hexose molecules can freely diffuse from the cell exterior into the synthesis compartment.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of surface reaction dynamics. II: Surface coverage and inhomogeneous temperature patterns of self-sustained oscillations during CO oxidation on Pt/SiO2

Abstract Transient methods of Temperature-Programmed Reaction (TPR) and Concentration-Programmed Reaction (CPR) have been used to uncover regions of self-sustained oscillations of CO oxidation on a 5 wt% Pt SiO 2 catalyst. The surface dynamics of the oscillations were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and sensitive surface-temperature measurements. Surface-temperature excursions up to 150 °C are recorded while adsorbed CO oscillates by as much as 60% of total coverage. The oscillations are shown to occur only within the high-to-low steady-state transition region which shifts from the stoichiometric point toward the lean CO region as the temperature is lowered. Multiple surface-temperature measurements reveal that extreme spatial nonuniformity and propagating waves of high reaction fronts are common in the region of CO inhibition and during oscillations. It is shown that the localized hot spots occur in regions which sustain higher reaction rates while CO inhibition prevails in other regions of the catalyst. Oscillations in CO2 production appear to be the result of fluctuating zones of high and low reaction rates, and therefore represent averages over spatially inhomogeneous surface states, rather than over spatially uniform states as has been customarily assumed.
Trait Entitlement and Perceived Favorability of Human Resource Management Practices in the Prediction of Job Satisfaction

Purpose Inconsistency in offerings of human resource management (HRM) practices across organizations is potentially problematic for employees with high levels of entitlement as they tend to believe they get less than they deserve. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of trait entitlement on the relationship between the favorability of HRM practices and job satisfaction.
Forging a novel provider and payer partnership in Wisconsin to compensate pharmacists for quality-driven pharmacy and medication therapy management services.

Abstract Objective To describe the Wisconsin Pharmacy Quality Collaborative (WPQC), a quality-based network of pharmacies and payers with the common goals of improving medication use and safety, reducing health care costs for payers and patients, and increasing professional recognition and compensation for pharmacist-provided services. Setting Wisconsin between 2006 and 2009. Practice description Community (independent, chain, and health-system) pharmacies and private and public health care payers/purchasers with support from the McKesson Corporation. Practice innovation This initiative aligns incentives for pharmacies and payers through implementation of 12 quality-based pharmacy requirements as conditions of pharmacy participation in a practice-advancement pilot. Payers compensate network pharmacies that meet the quality-based requirements for two levels of pharmacy professional services (level 1, intervention-based services; level 2, comprehensive medication review and assessment services). Main outcome measures The pilot project is designed to measure the following outcomes medication-use quality improvements, frequency and types of services provided, drug therapy problems, patient safety, cost savings, identification of factors that facilitate pharmacist participation, and patient satisfaction. Results The Pharmacy Society of Wisconsin created the WPQC network, which consists of 53 pharmacies, 106 trained pharmacists, 45 student pharmacists, 6 pharmacy technicians, and 2 initial payers. A quality assurance process is followed approximately quarterly to audit the 12 network quality requirements. An evaluation of this collaboration is being conducted. Conclusion This program demonstrates that collaboration among payers and pharmacists is possible and can result in the development of an incentive-aligned program that stresses quality patient care, standardized services, and professional service compensation for pharmacists. This combination of a quality-based credentialing process with a professional services reimbursement schedule is unique and has the promise to enhance the ambulatory pharmacy practice model.
Scale-Up of Short Fiber Composite Mixing

Abstract A dimensionless parameter, NRS, based on the probable number of passes through the shear zone for an ingredient to be dispersed, was developed for scale-up of mixing of short fiber composite in an internal mixer. A single curve was obtained for the dispersion-NRS relationship of three widely different compounds in five internal mixers of various sizes. The parameter is an improvement over previously reported scale-up parameters, because the temperature profile does not have to be matched for different size mixers. The dimensionless dispersion number concept can be extended to dispersion of other ingredients, as long as the shear stress generated at the mixing temperature is higher than the interaggregate cohesive force of the particles. Based on this parameter, NRS, the dispersion of short fibers can be predicted from one size of internal mixer to another size mixer. It is also possible to predict the mixing time required for a given dispersion rating.
Primary aortoappendiceal fistula: Case report and review of the literature

We report a case of primary aortoappendiceal fistula in a patient with chronic, relapsing abdominal symptoms and acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The diagnosis was evident with abdominal computed tomographic scan results. The patient's condition was successfully managed with appendectomy, abdominal aortic aneurysm resection, and extraanatomic bypass grafting. Review of the literature revealed this to be the first report of a true primary aortoappendiceal fistula.
The effects of optical pumping on laser enhanced electron impact ionization of atoms

Abstract Excitation of an atom by optical radiation reduces the atomic ionization energy thereby increasing its electron impact ionization cross section. Since the enhancement in the ionization rate depends on the population of atoms that can be maintained in the excited state, optical pumping of the ground state hyperfine levels can have pronounced effect on the magnitude of the observed signal. Here, experiments with Na atoms pumped by a narrowband dye laser are reported. Optical pumping is shown to have a significant effect on the signal-to-noise ratio in transitions that do not constitute a two level system.
Canola Meal Versus Cottonseed Meal as the Protein Supplement in Dairy Diets

Abstract Four trials were conducted to evaluate effects of incorporating cottonseed meal or canola meal in dairy diets. In Experiment 1, 36 Holstein cows, 12 first lactation and 24second or more lactations, were in two groups fed complete mixed diets containing either cottonseed meal or canola meal as the protein supplement. Yields of milk and milk components and feed intake were not affected by protein supplement. In Experiment 2, 6 Holstein cows in first lactation were fed diets of Experiment 1 in two periods of 3 wk to evaluate effects of protein supplement on milk composition. Protein supplement did not affect fat, lactose, ash, total solids, total nitrogen, casein nitrogen, whey protein nitrogen, or nonprotein nitrogen content in milk. Diets of Experiment 1 were fed to four rumen-fistulated heifers (Experiment 3) for changes of ruminal fluid characteristics. Ruminal fluid samples were collected at –1, 2, 4, and 8h postfeeding. Volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations of ruminal fluid were not different for protein supplement. In Experiment 4, in situ disappearance of nitrogen and dry matter of protein sources in the rumen of a Holstein cow was studied. Disappearance of nitrogen and dry matter of protein supplements from nytex nylon bags was similar.
A Phenomenological Model of Bulk Force in a Li-Ion Battery Pack and Its Application to State of Charge Estimation

A phenomenological model of the bulk force exerted by a lithium ion cell during various charge, discharge, and temperature operating conditions is developed. The measured and modeled force resembles the carbon expansion behavior associated with the phase changes during intercalation, as there are ranges of state of charge (SOC) with a gradual force increase and ranges of SOC with very small change in force. The model includes the influence of temperature on the observed force capturing the underlying thermal expansion phenomena. Moreover the model is capable of describing the changes in force during thermal transients, when internal battery heating due to high C-rates or rapid changes in the ambient temperature, which create a mismatch in the temperature of the cell and the holding fixture. It is finally shown that the bulk force model can be very useful for a more accurate and robust SOC estimation based on fusing information from voltage and force (or pressure) measurements. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original workmore » is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved.« less
Biofeedback in the Undergraduate Curriculum.

This symposium should be very helpful to departments planning increased emphasis on biofeedback training.
Effects of Cofilin Phosphorylation on Actin Filament Binding Cooperativity, Mechanics, and Severing

Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is crucial for many vital cellular processes including division, growth, and motility. The actin regulatory protein cofilin contributes to actin remodeling dynamics by creating new filament ends and replenishing the actin monomer pool. Cooperative cofilin binding introduces a topological and mechanical asymmetry at boundaries of bare and cofilin decorated filament segments, which is proposed to facilitate filament severing. Cofilin binding to actin filaments is regulated by phosphorylation. However, the extent to which phosphorylation modulates human cofilin binding cooperativity and severing has not been systematically evaluated. We utilize fluorescence spectroscopy and an Ising model with cooperative nearest-neighbor interactions to quantitate wild-type and phosphomimetic mutant (S3D) human cofilin binding to actin filaments. Modulation of filament mechanics and severing upon cofilin binding is assessed by fluorescence microscopy. The S3D binds filaments with weaker intrinsic binding affinity, yet cooperative interactions are comparable to wild-type cofilin. Preliminary data suggest the phosphorylation mimic mutation also impacts the ability of cofilin to modulate filament mechanics and severing activity.
Solvolysis mechanism of tertiary α-silyl bromides

Abstract Preparation and properties of compounds of the formula RMe2SiCMe2Br, (I) are reported. Solvolysis of (Ia) (R = Me) in aqueous ethanol results in elimination to produce isopropenyltrimethylsilane in high yield. Effects of solvent, added salts, and variation of R on the rates of solvolysis of (I) are rationalized in terms of a transition state involving substantial electron deficiency on the carbon atom adjacent to Si. When R is a substituted phenyl group, no evidence is apparent that there is phenyl participation in reaching the transition state, as has been proposed for analogous carbon compounds. Relative rates of solvolysis of (I) and carbon analogs are discussed in relation to carbonium ion stabilities.
The influence of ambient temperature on sleep characteristics in the aged cat

Abstract Sleep characteristics were compared in young adult and aged cats over a range of environmental temperature from 5 to 35 °C. Although both groups exhibited sleep disruptions as ambient temperatures decreased, transient arousals were increased at temperature extremes in the aged group compared to young adults. Declining efficiency or thermoregulatory control and increased sensitivity to environmental temperature in the elderly may contribute to the changes in sleep quality which occur during the aging process
Development of a Distance-Based Interval Throwing Program for Little League-Aged Athletes

We developed a distance-based interval throwing program for Little League-aged athletes (9 to 12 years) to be used in training and rehabilitation. The timing and repetition parameters were developed from data collected during 400 innings of organized baseball during a single season, and short toss distance from Little League rules for field dimensions. There were 1022 boys from organized baseball teams in the four studies. Maximal distance and speed measurements were recorded for 853 boys. We developed a mathematical model from these data to predict maximal throwing distance from maximal throwing speed. This model was then tested on a second sample of 114 players. We compared the predicted distance with the actual maximal throwing distance; the correlation coefficient was 0.92. Forty players aged 9 to 12 participated in a study to assess degradation of speed and distance. The average variability of the speed was small (< 5 mph), but the variability in distance was large (22.4 feet). Fifteen boys then threw the entire throwing program as designed. These results show that healthy young athletes can be expected to be able to throw the predicted value of this practical progressive interval throwing program for Little League-aged athletes. The appropriate program can be assigned from age and known preinjury pitch speed.
Coupling between H+ entry and ATP formation in Escherichia coli

Abstract ATP synthesis driven by a pH gradient was studied in wild type Escherichia coli and in a mutant lacking functional membrane bound Ca++, Mg++-stimulated adenosine 5′-triphosphatase (BF0F1; EC 3.6.1.3). In the wild type, ATP synthesis required the presence of mobile ions other than H+; ATP synthesis was not observed in the mutant. Direct measurement of internal pH also showed that when ATP synthesis occurred in the wild type, acidification of the cell was more rapid than in the mutant. These observations provide direct evidence in support of the idea that BF0F1 catalyzes an obligatory coupling between H+ entry and ATP synthesis.
Cdh1 Is a HECT of an Activator

Cdh1 is a well-established activator of APC/C, a RING-type ubiquitin ligase. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wan et al. (2011) report an APC/C-independent role of Cdh1 during development as an activator for Smurf1, a HECT-type ubiquitin ligase.