cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurochemical, morphologic, and laminar characterization of cortical projection neurons in the cingulate motor areas of the macaque monkey

The primate cingulate gyrus contains multiple cortical areas that can be distinguished by several neurochemical features, including the distribution of neurofilament protein-enriched pyramidal neurons. In addition, connectivity and functional properties indicate that there are multiple motor areas in the cortex lining the cingulate sulcus. These motor areas were targeted for analysis of potential interactions among regional specialization, connectivity, and cellular characteristics such as neurochemical profile and morphology. Specifically, intracortical injections of retrogradely transported dyes and intracellular injection were combined with immunocytochemistry to investigate neurons projecting from the cingulate motor areas to the putative forelimb region of the primary motor cortex, area M1. Two separate groups of neurons projecting to area M1 emanated from the cingulate sulcus, one anterior and one posterior, both of which furnished commissural and ipsilateral connections with area M1. The primary difference between the two populations was laminar origin, with the anterior projection originating largely in deep layers, and the posterior projection taking origin equally in superficial and deep layers. With regard to cellular morphology, the anterior projection exhibited more morphologic diversity than the posterior projection. Commissural projections from both anterior and posterior fields originated largely in layer VI. Neurofilament protein distribution was a reliable tool for localizing the two projections and for discriminating between them. Comparable proportions of the two sets of projection neurons contained neurofilament protein, although the density and distribution of the total population of neurofilament protein-enriched neurons was very different in the two subareas of origin. Within a projection, the participating neurons exhibited a high degree of morphologic heterogeneity, and no correlation was observed between somatodendritic morphology and neurofilament protein content. Thus, although the neurons that provide the anterior and posterior cingulate motor projections to area M1 differ morphologically and in laminar origin, their neurochemical profiles are similar with respect to neurofilament protein. This suggests that neurochemical phenotype may be a more important unifying feature for corticocortical projections than morphology.
A New Short-Wavelength Carbon Dioxide Band in the Spectrum of Venus

In attempting to resolve the CO2 band at 7159 A identified in the spectrum of Venus by Spinrad (1962), we discovered a new band at 7105 A. Both bands are fully resolved on our spectra and tentative J numbers have been assigned to the rotational lines. In both cases, the P branch appears to be anomalously weak. The 7159 A band has been observed in the laboratory (unresolved) by Herzberg and Herzberg (1953) at path lengths on the order of 55 km atm. To our knowledge, the 7105 A band has not been recorded previously. Following the predictions of Herman (1948) the two bands are given the assignments 5v 3 + 2v 2+ v 1 (7159 A) and 5v 3 + 2v 1 (7105 A). An unsuccessful attempt was made to find the third member of this triad, 5v 3 + 4v 2. In view of the very large amount of carbon dioxide apparently required to produce these absorptions, further study in the laboratory and at the telescope is encouraged.
To GPU synchronize or not GPU synchronize

The graphics processing unit (GPU) has evolved from being a fixed-function processor with programmable stages into a programmable processor with many fixed-function components that deliver massive parallelism. By modifying the GPU's stream processor to support “general-purpose computation” on the GPU (GPGPU), applications that perform massive vector operations can realize many orders-of-magnitude improvement in performance over a traditional processor, i.e., CPU. However, the breadth of general-purpose computation that can be efficiently supported on a GPU has largely been limited to highly dataparallel or task-parallel applications due to the lack of explicit support for communication between streaming multiprocessors (SMs) on the GPU. Such communication can occur via the global memory of a GPU, but it then requires a barrier synchronization across the SMs of the GPU in order to complete the communication between SMs. Although our previous work demonstrated that implementing barrier synchronization on the GPU itself can significantly improve performance and deliver correct results in critical bioinformatics applications, guaranteeing the correctness of inter-SM communication is only possible if a memory consistency model is assumed. To address this problem, NVIDIA recently introduced the threadfence() function in CUDA 2.2, a function that can guarantee the correctness of GPU-based inter-SM communication. However, this function currently introduces so much overhead that when using it in (direct) GPU synchronization, GPU synchronization actually performs worse than indirect synchronization via the CPU, thus raising the question of whether “to GPU synchronize or not GPU synchronize?”
A self clocked FPGA for general purpose logic emulation

This paper describes the architecture of an entirely self-clocked FPGA. Such an FPGA would avoid clock distribution problems, facilitate circuit composition and increase the amount of hardware concurrency, as well as reliably operate at its maximum speed without timing analysis. These unique advantages would be of great use in many functional simulation and logic emulation applications targeting larger designs requiring many FPGAs.
Metalinguistic Judgments in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

This study compared sentence acceptability judgments from young and healthy older adults and older adults with dementia due to probable Alzheimer's disease. Two types of sentences were contrasted: one type involved contrasts among verb alternations in which semantic distinctions between verbs regulate the acceptability of phrase structure variations; the second type involved contrasts among directional transformations in which constraints on the movement of noun phrases determine the linear order of main and embedded clauses. The primary findings were that metalinguistic judgments by healthy older adults as well as those with probable Alzheimer's reflected processing demands on working memory. In addition, metalinguistic judgments by adults with probable Alzheimer's reflected the breakdown of semantic information about verbs.
Prenatal and Postnatal Development after Transitory Gestational Zinc Deficiency in Rats

The consequences of transitory maternal zinc deficiency during gestation on postnatal growth, survival, and zinc status of rats were investigated. Female rats fed a zinc-deficient diet between days 6 and 14 of pregnancy had markedly lowered plasma zinc levels during this period which quickly became normal after zinc supple mentation. They gave birth to offspring reduced in weight and with a high incidence of congenital malformations. Many of the young were stillborn, and survival to weaning was poor, although postnatal growth of survivors was normal. None of these changes occurred in females restricted in food intake during the same period. After parturition the plasma zinc of the female rat increased markedly, and the milk contained about 10 times as much zinc as the blood plasma. Neonatal rats were found to have plasma zinc levels four times greater than those of adult rats. Concentrations of zinc in milk and in plasma of mothers or young after birth were unaffected by the dietary treatment during pregnancy so that postnatal zinc nutriture was normal. The poor survival of young born to females fed a zinc-deficient diet for a short period during pregnancy cannot therefore be attributed to inadequate postnatal zinc intake. Congenital abnormalities may be a factor; failure to suckle due to weakness at birth may also be involved. J. Nutr. 103: 649-656, 1973.
A microarray analysis of sexual dimorphism of adipose tissues in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice.

A sexual dimorphism exists in body fat distribution; females deposit relatively more fat in subcutaneous/inguinal depots whereas males deposit more fat in the intra-abdominal/gonadal depot. Our objective was to systematically document depot- and sex-related differences in the accumulation of adipose tissue and gene expression, comparing differentially expressed genes in diet-induced obese mice with mice maintained on a chow diet. We used a microarray approach to determine whether there are sexual dimorphisms in gene expression in age-matched male, female or ovariectomized female (OVX) C57/BL6 mice maintained on a high-fat (HF) diet. We then compared expression of validated genes between the sexes on a chow diet. After exposure to a high fat diet for 12 weeks, females gained less weight than males. The microarray analyses indicate in intra-abdominal/gonadal adipose tissue in females 1642 genes differ by at least twofold between the depots, whereas 706 genes differ in subcutaneous/inguinal adipose tissue when compared with males. Only 138 genes are commonly regulated in both sexes and adipose tissue depots. Inflammatory genes (cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions and acute-phase protein synthesis) are upregulated in males when compared with females, and there is a partial reversal after OVX, where OVX adipose tissue gene expression is more ‘male-like’. This pattern is not observed in mice maintained on chow. Histology of male gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT) shows more crown-like structures than females, indicative of inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling. In addition, genes related to insulin signaling and lipid synthesis are higher in females than males, regardless of dietary exposure. These data suggest that male and female adipose tissue differ between the sexes regardless of diet. Moreover, HF diet exposure elicits a much greater inflammatory response in males when compared with females. This data set underscores the importance of analyzing depot-, sex- and steroid-dependent regulation of adipose tissue distribution and function.
Single-Molecule FRET Reveals Three Conformations for the TLS Domain of Brome Mosaic Virus Genome

Metabolite-dependent conformational switching in RNA riboswitches is now widely accepted as a critical regulatory mechanism for gene expression in bacterial systems. More recently, similar gene regulation mechanisms have been found to be important for viral systems as well. One of the most abundant and best-studied systems is the tRNA-like structure (TLS) domain, which has been found to occur in many plant viruses spread across numerous genera. In this work, folding dynamics for the TLS domain of Brome Mosaic Virus have been investigated using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. In particular, burst fluorescence methods are exploited to observe metal-ion ([M(n+)])-induced folding in freely diffusing RNA constructs resembling the minimal TLS element of brome mosaic virus RNA3. The results of these experiments reveal a complex equilibrium of at least three distinct populations. A stepwise, or consecutive, thermodynamic model for TLS folding is developed, which is in good agreement with the [M(n+)]-dependent evolution of conformational populations and existing structural information in the literature. Specifically, this folding pathway explains the metal-ion dependent formation of a functional TLS domain from unfolded RNAs via two consecutive steps: 1) hybridization of a long-range stem interaction, followed by 2) formation of a 3'-terminal pseudoknot. These two conformational transitions are well described by stepwise dissociation constants for [Mg(2+)] (K1 = 328 ± 30 μM and K2 = 1092 ± 183 μM) and [Na(+)] (K1 = 74 ± 6 mM and K2 = 243 ± 52 mM)-induced folding. The proposed thermodynamic model is further supported by inhibition studies of the long-range stem interaction using a complementary DNA oligomer, which effectively shifts the dynamic equilibrium toward the unfolded conformation. Implications of this multistep conformational folding mechanism are discussed with regard to regulation of virus replication.
Coatings and Adhesives

Having treated three major end uses of polymers in the last three chapters, we now present the last two general areas of polymer use, coatings and adhesives. These are quite large areas of the chemical industry. The size of the coatings industry is best estimated by NAICS 325510, Paints and Coatings, which had 1998 U.S. shipments of $18.7 billion. The increase in this segment is graphed in Fig. 19.1 along with the three main subdivisions of the industry, Architectural Coatings (NAICS 3255101), Product Finishes for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) (NAICS 3255104), and Special Purpose Coatings (NAICS 3255107). It is 4% of Chemical Manufacturing, which is higher than that of fibers.
Agent problem solving by inductive and deductive program synthesis

How do people learn abstract concepts unsupervised? Psychologists broadly recognize two types of concepts, declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge: know-what and know-how. While much work has focused on unsupervised learning of declarative concepts as clusters of features, there is much less clarity on the representation for procedural concepts and the methods for learning them. In this thesis, I claim that programs are a good representation for procedural knowledge, and that program synthesis is a promising mechanism for procedural learning. Prior attempts at AI program synthesis have taken a purely deductive approach to building provably torrent programs. This approach requires many axioms and non-trivial interaction with a human programmer. In contrast, this thesis introduces a new approach called SSGP (Sample Solve Generalize Prove), which combines inductive and deductive synthesis to autonomously synthesize programs with no extra knowledge outside of the program specification. The approach is to generate examples, solve the examples, generalize from the solutions, and then prove the generalization correct. This thesis presents two systems, Spec2Action and HELPS. Given a logical specification, Spec2Action determines the relations to change to perform simple operations on data structures. The main part of its task is to uncover the recursive structure of the domain from the purely logical input spec. HELPS generates sequential programs with loops and branches using STRIPS actions as the primitive statements. It solves generalizations of classic AI tasks like BlocksWorld. The two systems use SAT solving and other grounded reasoning techniques to solve the examples and generalize the solutions. To prove the abstracted hypotheses, the systems use a novel theorem prover for doing recursive proofs without an explicit induction axiom. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Invited Review: Respiratory plasticity following intermittent hypoxia: developmental interactions

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is the most frequent form of hypoxia occurring in the developing mammal. On one hand, the maturational process of neural, mechanical, pulmonary, and sleep state-dependent factors will favor the occurrence of IH during early postnatal life. On the other hand, it has also become clear that hypoxia, even when short lasting, can modify subsequent respiratory responses to hypoxia and induce a variety of genes whose consequences will persist for much longer periods than the duration of the hypoxic stimulus itself, i.e., functional and adaptive plasticities. The dynamic interactions between the overall duration and recurring frequency of IH, the severity of IH, and the level of neural maturity at the time of IH will modify the ventilatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia. We propose that the earlier IH will occur in the developmental course the more likely that the physiological responses to an ulterior hypoxic challenge will be altered even into adulthood. At this point in time, a critical examination of the field would suggest that the short-term alterations of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of the developing mammal to IH are qualitatively similar to those of the adult and display a biphasic pattern, namely, initial enhancement of the HVR followed by a reduction in HVR. However, the short- and long-term effects of IH on the modulation of neurotransmitter release, receptor binding and expression, intracellular signaling cascades, transcriptional regulation, and gene expression as a function of animal maturity are almost completely unknown. Further delineation of such complex responses to IH may permit the formulation of interventional strategies aiming at reducing the overall vulnerability of the young infant and child to apnea and sudden death.
Improved Heart Sound Detection and Signal-to-Noise Estimation Using a Low-Mass Sensor

Goal: The purpose of this paper is to improve the detection of high-frequency sounds from the heart for better identification of turbulent blood flow in partially occluded coronary arteries. This paper also describes a method for the quantitative assessment of data quality. Methods: A very light-weight dual accelerometer has been developed that places a small mechanical load on the chest. When used in conjunction with a novel correlation-based analysis, this dual-signal transducer provides an estimate to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the acoustic signal. Results: The new transducer has significantly better SNR properties than the traditional cardiac microphones. This improvement is due to increased sensitivity to high-frequency signals not a reduction in noise and is likely the result of reduced mechanical loading on the chest. Conclusion: Substantial improvement in the detection of high-frequency heart sounds is possible as is quantitative assessment of data quality. Significance: The new transducer and analysis will lead to substantial improvements in the acoustic detection of partially occluded arteries associated with coronary artery disease. It is finally possible to obtain a measurement of the quality of heart sound signals as they are being recorded.
Nerve injuries complicating Monteggia lesions.

Seven cases of posterior interosseous-nerve palsy, three associated with ulnar-nerve palsy as a complication of Monteggia lesions have been presented. The posterior interosseous nerve may be stretched by the dislocated radial head, or compressed within the Arcade of Frohse. Ulnar-nerve injuries are secondary to compression within the cubital tunnel. Surgical decompression of the nerves appears to be the treatment of choice.
The role of individual differences, response profiles, and treatment consonance in anxiety disorders

The importance of individual differences, response profiles, and treatment consonance in anxiety-disorders clinical research is reviewed. Anxiety-disorders assessment, synchrony, and concordance phenomena are examined within the framework of the tripartite model. Issues regarding response stereotypy, response specificity, and etiological vs. current response typologies are discussed. Interactions of varying response profiles with different treatment modalities are addressed, in terms of both previous and prospective studies. A preliminary classification schema is offered, for illustrative purposes, with empirical support for the differential outcome of anxiety patients receiving “consonant” vs. “nonconsonant” response profile × treatment type pairings. Hypotheses are presented regarding predicted effects of consonant vs. nonconsonant subject-treatment interactions. Recommendations for programmatic research are offered to accelerate scientific inquiry into the role of individual differences and response profiles in anxiety-disorders assessment, treatment, and research.
IMPACT OF GENDER ON DOOR TO BALLOON TIME IN STEMI

Delay in door to balloon time (DTBT) is generally associated with worse morbidity and mortality. Women have longer DTBT compared to men. This study aimed to assess system and clinical factors associated with this disparity in care. A cohort of STEMI patients presenting to a large tertiary hospital
Protein needs and possible modifications of the American diet

The matter of protein needs is almost irrelevant in the discussion of appropriate modification of the American diet. Our total food supply system from the producer through the processor to the retail distributor is wasteful of energy and produces a food supply of less than optimal quality. The energy crisis may have a favorable effect on the food supply. We should and no doubt will contribute to the world food supply for a long time to come, but eventually the countries in need of food must solve their problems internally. In the long run, we can probably do more by attempting to conserve resources than by trying to feed the world.
Anonymous Code Lists for Secure Electronic Voting over Insecure Mobile Channels

Abstract: A protocol is proposed, which allows electronic voting over channels, which typically are regarded as insecure like short message service (SMS) and cellular phones. Unlike personalized lists of codes, which are typically proposed to secure the vote and to uniquely identify the voter, we propose anonymous code lists, which offer more flexibility and security, in particular with respect to privacy and anonymity of the voter.
Is the Doha Round Over? The WTO's Negotiating Agenda for 2016 and Beyond

The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) most recent Ministerial Conference took place last December in Nairobi, Kenya. Opinions vary on how much was achieved, and, perhaps more importantly, where the WTO goes from here. The United States and the European Union have emphasized that “new” issues and approaches should guide WTO negotiations in the future. But it is not clear what that means, and how it relates to the “old” issues and approaches. And with the rise of mega-regional trade negotiations, such as the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), there are serious questions about the WTO’s role as a negotiating forum for trade liberalization. This paper reviews the current WTO negotiating agenda and the Nairobi outcomes, discusses possibilities for new directions, and makes suggestions for the WTO going forward. The Nairobi Results
Dual Electrochemical and Optical Detection on a Microfabricated Electrophoresis Chip

The ultimate goal of microchip-based separations is the implementation of all aspects of analysis — sample preparation and introduction, separation, and detection — onto a microfabricated device to improve performance, portability, throughput, cost, and ease of use. Toward the realization of that goal and to broaden the usefulness of microdevices, a novel method for dual electrochemical and fluorescence detection is demonstrated.
Treatment of AL Amyloidosis with Tandem Cycles of High Dose Melphalan and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: Final Analysis of a Prospective Trial.

AL amyloidosis is caused by a clonal plasma cell dyscrasia and is characterized by widespread, progressive amyloid deposition leading to multisystem organ failure and death. In this disease, amyloid protein deposits are derived from monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains. Aggressive treatment of AL amyloidosis with high dose intravenous melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplant (HDM/SCT) is effective in inducing hematologic remission and clinical improvement. Furthermore, we have observed in over 300 patients treated with HDM/SCT that achievement of a hematologic complete response (CR), i.e. disappearance of monoclonal gammopathy and clonal plasma cell dyscrasia, is a critical determinant of clinical improvement and prolonged survival. Because of the importance of hematologic CR in treatment outcome, we conducted a prospective trial to determine whether a second cycle of HDM/SCT would induce a hematologic CR in patients in whom the plasma cell dyscrasia persisted following initial treatment with HDM/SCT. Additional objectives of the trial were to determine the feasibility and tolerability of tandem cycles of HDM/SCT in AL amyloidosis. Eligibility for entry into the trial required evidence of plasma cell dyscrasia, age 45%, DLCO > 50%). Peripheral blood stem cells were collected by leukapheresis following G-CSF mobilization, with minimum yields of 7.5 x 10 6 CD34+ cells/kg required for participation in the trial. From 11/2000 to 6/2005, 62 patients, median age 55.5 (range 32–65), M: F ratio 1.8:1.0, were enrolled. Of the 62 patients enrolled, 9 (15%) were removed from the protocol either because of an inadequate stem cell collection (7) or because of complications during stem cell mobilization and collection that precluded treatment with HDM/SCT (2). Of the 53 patients who received the first cycle of 200 mg/m 2 HDM, 4 patients died within 100 days of treatment (8%), and 27 (55%) were found to have achieved a hematologic CR 6 months after HDM/SCT. Of the 22 patients who did not achieve a CR after initial treatment, 17 patients received a second HDM/SCT with 140 mg/m 2 of IV melphalan. Mortality within 100 days after this second treatment was 6% (1/17), while 27 % (4/15) of surviving patients achieved a hematologic CR by 6 months following the second cycle of HDM/SCT. Therefore, for the patients treated with one or two cycles of HDM/SCT on this study, the ultimate hematologic CR rate was 63% (31/49). With a median follow up of 38 months (range, 14–69 months), the median survival for all patients enrolled has not yet been reached. Moreover, improvements in amyloid related organ dysfunction, particularly in nephrotic syndrome, liver involvement, neuropathy and/or performance status, were evident in all patients who achieved a hematologic CR. In conclusion, tandem cycles of HDM/SCT are tolerable for selected patients with AL amyloidosis and can increase the proportion of patients who ultimately achieve a hematologic CR.
Community-Based Art Education and Performance: Pointing to a Place Called Home

Can art make a difference? This is a call for a new sense of interconnectivity among visual art programs in and out of schools. This common ground will be found in the embodiment of performance, critical reflection, and social change within art learning. One goal of this article is to encourage educators to use the verbs of art for building curriculum investigations that integrate social change and community engagement. The cite/sight/site of our critique is centered on an after-school art program for refugee children. Two focal questions: Can performance help art educators become more-effective leaders in community development? Will the study of performance enhance our commitment to active inquiry and social learning?
Seismic behavior of special truss moment frame with double hollow structural sections as chord members

Abstract Research work carried out on steel special truss moment frames (STMFs) with double-angle sections as chord members during the 1990s led to the formulation of design code provisions. Further research results using double-channel specimens resulted in a modified equation for the expected vertical shear strength of the central special segments, Vne, and has been incorporated into the current AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. Double hollow structural sections (double-HSS) have the advantages of minimizing lateral torsional buckling and maximizing compactness in the flanges as compared to single HSS with the same flexural capacity. In this research, double-HSS members were proposed for the chord and web members of STMFs instead of double-angle, double-channel, or single-HSS. Double-HSS can effectively delay flange local buckling and enhance rotational ductility due to reduced width-to-thickness ratio (b/t) without increasing the wall thickness of the members. A full-scale STMF subassemblage with double-HSS as truss members was tested under large displacement reversals to simulate a severe earthquake ground motion. Testing results indicate that using double-HSS truss members is a viable alternative for STMFs in high seismic regions. Plastic hinge models are also suggested for computer analysis and design of non-yielding members outside of the special segments.
Local Vascular Gene Therapy With Apolipoprotein A-I to Promote Regression of Atherosclerosis.

Objective—Gene therapy, delivered directly to the blood vessel wall, could potentially prevent atherosclerotic lesion growth and promote atherosclerosis regression. Previously, we reported that a h...
Intraoperative Computed Tomography and Nexframe-Guided Placement of Bilateral Hippocampal-Based Responsive Neurostimulation: Technical Note

Introduction Surgical resection of a lesion that correlates with seizure onset in patients with epilepsy can dramatically improve seizure burden and quality of life. For bilateral hippocampal lesions, bilateral resection comes with a risk of severe cognitive deficits. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) devices offer a new modality to treat multifocal lesions in a reversible manner including bilateral hippocampal stimulation. We describe technical aspects of Nexframe-assisted placement of bilateral NeuroPace mesial temporal electrodes and case examples. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed for 4 patients who underwent bilateral mesial temporal RNS placement for medically intractable epilepsy. Operative techniques were assessed and modified. Ambulatory electrocorticographic recordings and a subanalysis of available data are summarized. Results Eight electrodes were placed in 4 patients, who were followed for up to 6 months. One out of 8 electrodes was revised due to vector error >3 mm; after surgical technique modification, all subsequent electrodes were reliably placed in a single pass with Conclusions We report herein the technical nuances of adapting Nexframe to hippocampal-based depth electrode RNS system placement. Our group has extensive experience with Nexframe for accurate and safe deep brain stimulation electrode placement. Our preliminary data with bitemporal RNS placement suggest similar accuracy and safety.
On Input-to-Output Stability for Systems not Uniformly Bounded

Abstract This paper generalizes a Lyapunov characterization for output-stable systems. A variant of input-to-state stability (ISS) known as input-to-output stability (IOS) is considered. A Lyapunov characterization of IOS under a uniform bounded input bounded state (UBIBS) condition has appeared in the literature. We present a more general characterization, which holds for systems which are not necessarily uniformly bounded.
A case study examining the efficacy of drainage setbacks for limiting effects to wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region, USA

Abstract The enhancement of agricultural lands through the use of artificial drainage systems is a common practice throughout the United States, and recently the use of this practice has expanded i...
Near loop-free routing: increasing path choices with stateful forwarding

When splitting traffic for one destination among multiple paths, the employed paths should be loop-free, lest they waste network resources, and the involved routers should be given a high path choice, that is, a high number of potential nexthops. In IP networks this requires the use of a loop-free routing protocol, which limits the achievable path choice. Here we show that, in NDN, we can increase the path choice by combining a Near Loop-free Routing protocol (NLR) with on-demand loop removal at the forwarding layer. NLR routers 1) exclude the incoming face from forwarding, 2) use certain heuristics to minimize routing loops, and 3) remove any remaining loops at the forwarding plane. NLR achieves a higher path choice and path quality than current alternatives, while keeping computation complexity low.
Newton’s Apocalypse

Isaac Newton was not an original interpreter of the Apocalypse. He himself stated that he followed Joseph Mede, and he imitates Mede in his lexicon of symbols with due attention to dream lore like the Oneirocriticon of Ahmad ibn Skin, in his synchronisms, and in his attention to Hebrew ritual.1 Seen in the long history of Apocalypse interpretation, however, even Mede might not be original. Few in fact are those who have changed the whole discourse on this book. Mede, while he may have had a new method, did not alter the standard Protestant interpretation of Revelation. Commentators and critics who might meet such tough criteria would be Dionysius of Alexandria, Tyconius, Joachim of Fiore, Nicholas of Lyra, and perhaps Ribera and Alcazar, whom Mede read.
Effect of replacement strike-face material on the ballistic performance of multi-ply soft armor targets:

In this study, the impact-face material of a multi-ply soft armor system was varied to different ratios and tested for the effects on the ballistic performance. It is known that the first few layer...
A General Strategy for Aliphatic C-H Functionalization Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis.

Synthetic transformations that functionalize unactivated aliphatic C–H bonds in an intermolecular fashion offer unique strategies for the synthesis and late-stage derivatization of complex molecules. Herein we report a general approach to the intermolecular functionalization of aliphatic C–H bonds using an acridinium photoredox catalyst and phosphate salt under blue LED irradiation. This strategy encompasses a range of valuable C–H transformations, including the direct conversions of a C–H bond to C–N, C–F, C–Br, C–Cl, C–S, and C–C bonds, in all cases using the alkane substrate as the limiting reagent. Detailed mechanistic studies are consistent with the intermediacy of a putative oxygen-centered radical as the hydrogen atom-abstracting species in these processes.
Calculations with “Non-Muffin Tin” Potentials by the Green’s Function Method

A discussion is given of a procedure within the framework of the Green’s function (or KKR) method for calculating the perturbations of the energy bands due to deviations from a “muffin-tin” potential. The essential aspect of the approach is the determination of accurate wave functions in practical forms in the regions inside and outside the “muffin-tin” spheres. The forms of the perturbing potential in these regions are also discussed. This procedure was suggested by F. S. Ham and the author who applied it (in low order perturbation theory) to the case of the Mathieu potential.
Thermal comfort in urban spaces: impact of vegetation growth: Case study: Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy

Abstract This paper reports on a study on the evolutionary impact of vegetation in a newly built square in Milan designed by V. Gregotti. The aim of the work is to evaluate the impact of vegetation growth on users’ comfort. The methodology adopted involves: sets of field measures (air and radiant temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity); a simplified thermal comfort evaluation with the energy budget method COMFA; and a scenario for the vegetation growth. When trees become adult we can observe different phenomena. The shading effect under an aged tree canopy clearly shows a reduction of the absorbed radiation by users, generating an energy budget very close to comfort (under 50 W/m 2 ) even with a high air temperature. In the case of points exposed to direct sunlight all day long, tree growth reveals two phenomena of the global radiation absorbed by a user: (1) reduction, by the tree screening effect, of absorption of the diffuse solar global radiation, and (2) increase, by the elevation of the objects viewed in the sky hemisphere, in absorption of the terrestrial radiation.
Evaluation of the Implementation of a Multicomponent Intervention to Improve Health Care Provider Communication About Human Papillomavirus Vaccination

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relative use, usefulness, and facilitators and barriers to use as perceived by providers of 5 different components in a human papillomavirus vaccine communication intervention—which was found to be effective at improving human papillomavirus vaccination rates. Methods Four serial surveys of 108 providers (doctor of medicine, nurse practitioner, or doctor of osteopathic medicine) from intervention clinics involved in the study assessed the use and usefulness of the 5 communication intervention components during a 12-month period. Results Survey response rates were 79% to 86%. The fact sheet (64%–77%) and motivational interviewing techniques (MI; 86%) were the most used components—use was sustained during the 12-month period. These components also were perceived as somewhat or very useful by most providers, and this perceived usefulness increased over time (very or somewhat useful at end of study, 97% fact sheet, 98% MI, respectively). Although fewer providers reported using the Web site (15%–42%), or disease images (6%–17%), when these were used, most providers (67%–87%) felt they were somewhat or very useful. The decision aid was not used frequently (17%–41% of providers), and 43% of providers felt it was not very or not at all useful. Facilitators and barriers were identified for each component. The fact sheet and MI were perceived as the easiest to integrate into the clinic workflow. Conclusions The fact sheet and MI were the most used and most useful intervention components. Both were easy to integrate into clinic workflow, and their use was sustained over time. Dissemination of similar interventions in the future should focus on these 2 specific components.
Post-op Torticollis: A Head-turning Case of Grisel’s Syndrome

Case Report A 3 year old African American female with a medical history significant for tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, chronic adenoiditis, and obstructive sleep apnea presented to our Pediatric Emergency Department with inability to turn her neck, fevers, and mucoid nasal drainage for several days. The patient had undergone tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy five days prior. Beginning soon after surgery, her head had been stuck in rotation to the left, despite attempts to straighten it by her parents. Her remaining review of symptoms was unremarkable. …
Spilled Oil Composition and the Natural Carbon Cycle: The True Drivers of Environmental Fate and Effects of Oil Spills

Rachel Carson’s 1962 landmark book, Silent Spring, describing the toxic effects of the persistent organic pesticide, DDT, was instrumental in bringing awareness to the notion of environmental pollution (Carson, Silent spring. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1962). This work was a catalyst that began the advancement of the global environmental pollution movement and the concern for persistent chemical pollutants (POP). By intentional design, POPs are chemically nonreactive and are resistant to degradation in aerobic environments. It is important to realize that oil pollution and toxicity derived from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components in crude oil are fundamentally different from the chemistry of persistent organic pollutions and its bioaccumulation and magnification that were learned in the 1960s and 1970s. Petroleum hydrocarbons are not stable; they are, in fact, quite reactive in aerobic environments via microbial (Varjani, Bioresour Technol 223:277–286, 2017; Atlas and Hazen, Environ Sci Technol 45:6709–6715, 2011; Salminen et al., Biodegradation 15:29–39, 2004; Widdel and Rabus, Curr Opin Biotechnol 12:259–276, 2001) and photochemical (D’Auria et al., J Hazard Mater 164:32–38, 2009; Plata et al., Environ Sci Technol 42:2432–2438, 2008; Garrett et al., Environ Sci Technol 32:3719–3723, 1998; Overton EB, Laseter JL, Mascarella SW, Raschke C, Nuiry I, Farrington JW (1980) Photochemical oxidation of IXTOC I oil, pp 341–383. In: Proceedings of symposium on preliminary results from the September 1979 Researcher/Pierce IXTOC I Cruise. Key Biscayne, Florida, June 9–10, 1980, NOAA Office of Marine Pollution Assessment, Boulder, CO) oxidations. To understand the implications of oil spills, we need to recognize that we are dealing with the reduced form of a pollutant that can readily react in most of the environments. The goal of this chapter is to present the dynamics of an oil spill from the molecular level with a description of the carbon cycle, the role of photosynthesis, diagenetic production of oil, its ultimate conversion back to carbon dioxide, and the fundamental carbon cycle processes in environmental chemistry. Only by understanding what happens chemically to spilled oil can we accurately predict and understand the biological consequences of these spills and the harm done by exposures to hydrocarbons from oil.
Shape of the 0 + --> 0 + Positron Spectrum in Ga 66

A detailed study of the beta spectrum of ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{66}$ with emphasis on the shape of the positron spectrum of the ${0}^{+}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow} ${0}^{+}$ transition has been made with a magnetic spectrometer. The ground-state to ground-state transition is found to have a nonstatistical shape. The shape factor is fitted by the equation $S(W)=K(1+0.0328W+\frac{0.354}{W}\ensuremath{-}0.000419{W}^{2})$ based upon a ratio of matrix elements $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\frac{〈i\ensuremath{\alpha}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{^}{r}〉}{〈1〉}=\ensuremath{-}21.3$. An additional factor of the form ($1+\frac{0.4}{W}$) is needed to obtain the best fit. The nonstatistical shape for this group leads to an end-point energy of 4.153\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003 MeV and an intensity of 51.2%. The $log\mathrm{ft}$ is 7.903 and from this the amount of $T=3$ admixture in the $T=2$ ground state of ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{66}$ is found to be 4.00\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$.
Impact and Reasoning: Applying Community Service Learning in a Non-Traditional Field.

Background: Health care today is presented with a complex set of circumstances requiring exploration of new and varied teaching methodologies to produce requisite student reasoning and prepare them...
ALL THAT ANEMIA IS NOT GI BLEED

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common, however when seen in patients with mechanical valve, differentials should be broadened to include hemolytic anemia (HA) to avoid delay in diagnosis. 58 yr man with aortic aneurysm, systolic heart failure, and recurrent endocarditis now with mechanical mitral
REVERSE TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY FOLLOWING CATHETER ABLATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Takotsubo or Broken Heart Syndrome (TTS) is a unique form of reversible nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), is a procedure that can be associated with several complications. Unlike the well known complications of AF
COPD Patients Have a Restricted Breathing Pattern That Persists with Increased Metabolic Demands.

A healthy respiratory system has variability from breath-to-breath and patients with COPD (PwCOPD) have abnormal variability in breath cycles. The aim of this study was to determine if interbreath-...
Survey on awareness of cytomegalovirus among kindergarten teachers in Yinan county

Objective To investigate the status of awareness on cytomegalovirus among kindergarten teachers in Yinan county, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of congenital cytomegalovirus infection among them. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in October 2018 on the knowledge of cytomegalovirus among 312 staffs in 12 kindergartens within the county selected by stratified cluster sampling. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness. Results A total of 301 questionnaires were received, and the response rate was 96.47%. For the respondents, 45.85% heard of cytomegalovirus and the most important knowledge channels were the internet and notifications from medical workers. The awareness rate of "Frequent hand washing can reduce the transmission of cytomegalovirus" was the highest while the awareness rate of "Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause death in newborns" was the lowest. For the five key questions, including "Pregnant women may transmit cytomegalovirus to their fetus" , "Cytomegalovirus may transmit via shared tableware" and "Cytomegalovirus may transmit via sexual contact" , the overall awareness rate was 50.29% (347/690) . Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that awareness rate of females were higher than that of males (OR=2.64, 95%CI: 1.86-3.30). Conclusions The knowledge awareness of cytomegalovirus was low among kindergarten teachers, resulting in insufficient understanding of transmission and pathogenicity of the virus. It is suggested to improve the awareness level of the staffs through internet and health education, so as to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Key words: Cytomegalovirus; Congenital infection; Kindergarten teacher; Key information; Awareness rate
General Screening of Surface Alloys for Catalysis

Intensive research in catalysis has resulted in design parameters for many important catalytic reactions; however, designing new catalysts remains difficult, partly due to the time and expense needed to screen a large number of potential catalytic surfaces. Here, we create a general, efficient model that can be used to screen surface alloys for many reactions without any quantum-based calculations. This model allows the prediction of the adsorption energies of a variety of species (explicitly shown for C, N, O, OH, H, S, K, F) on metal alloy surfaces that include combinations of nearly all of the d-block metals. We find that a few simple structural features, chosen using data-driven techniques and physical understanding, can be used to predict electronic structure properties. These electronic structure properties are then used to predict adsorption energies, which are in turn used to predict catalytic performance. This framework is interpretable and gives insight into how underlying structural features affect adsorption and catalytic performance. We apply the model to screen more than 107 unique surface sites on approximately 106 unique surfaces for 7 important reactions. We identify novel surfaces with high predicted catalytic performance, and demonstrate challenges and opportunities in catalyst development using surface alloys. We also share an implementation of our model. This work shows the utility of a general, reusable model that can be applied in new contexts without requiring new data to be generated.
Applied Behavior Analytic Approaches to Early Intervention for Children with Autism

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a scientific discipline which investigates the variables that influence human behavior. The application of ABA in the field of ASD early intervention has generated efficacious approaches to measure and modify the behavior of young children with ASD with the goal to promote the acquisition of important skills and decrease challenging behaviors. In this chapter, we focus on the basic principles of ABA, as well as strategies and empirical evidence supporting ABA-based “early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)” for young children with ASD.
Meep, a Novel Regulator of Insulin Signaling, Supports Development and Insulin Sensitivity via Maintenance of Protein Homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Insulin signaling is critical for developmental growth and adult homeostasis, yet the downstream regulators of this signaling pathway are not completely understood. Using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we took a genomic approach to identify novel mediators of insulin signaling. These studies led to the identification of Meep, encoded by the gene CG32335. Expression of this gene is both insulin receptor- and diet-dependent. We found that Meep was specifically required in the developing fat body to tolerate a high-sugar diet (HSD). Meep is not essential on a control diet, but when reared on an HSD, knockdown of meep causes hyperglycemia, reduced growth, developmental delay, pupal lethality, and reduced longevity. These phenotypes stem in part from Meep’s role in promoting insulin sensitivity and protein stability. This work suggests a critical role for protein homeostasis in development during overnutrition. Because Meep is conserved and obesity-associated in mammals, future studies on Meep may help to understand the role of proteostasis in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes.