cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the supraglottic larynx

Abstract Background Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is an extremely rare neoplasm with sparse published literature, limited to case reports. This neoplasm arises from dendritic cells mainly within lymph nodes, however extranodal localization has been noted in the head and neck. Methods Herein we present the first report of IDCS of the supraglottic larynx. A 35-year-old woman presented with odynophagia and dysphagia and was found to have an epiglottic primary lesion with bilateral regional lymphadenopathy. She was treated with transoral laser supraglottic laryngectomy, bilateral neck dissections, and postoperative radiation therapy. Results Patient has no evidence of disease with 4 years of follow-up. Conclusion Surgical resection with postoperative radiation therapy is a reasonable approach for management of loco-regionally advanced extranodal IDCS of the head and neck.
Cytopathology of Thyroid Nodules

The value of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules has been well established (1–5). We share the opinion of Hayes et al. (6) that FNA should be the first test ordered when evaluating any palpable thyroid lesion. In this era of cost containment, FNA can be used even more effectively if attention is paid to the fundamentals. According to Kaplan, “The main current limitations are the inability of even skilled operators to obtain an adequate specimen in up to 20% of the cases……(this) problem probably is beyond remedy.”(7) I disagree. Based on over 20 years experience at a university medical center, I believe that more emphasis must be placed on the technique employed to obtain the sample (8–10). A discussion of technique is beyond the scope of the present chapter. Although the procedure is simple, it is not simple-minded. It can be taught or perfected in a relatively short time. I cannot overemphasize that a good sample is the cornerstone of diagnosis. A pathologist is only as good as the sample obtained or received.
The Clinical Section of the American Psychological Association, 1919–1937

In 1919, the AACP dissolved itself, and a Clinical Section was begun within the American Psychological Association. The person who may have been most responsible for this merger was Robert M. Yerkes. Yerkes had been the President of APA in 1917 when the AACP was founded. He is best known as a comparative psychologist. For example, he was the author of a famous book, The Dancing Mouse (Yerkes, 1907). He stated the principle now known as the Yerkes-Dodson Law (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908). Eventually the Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology, now in Atlanta, Georgia, were named after him. In addition, in the era before and during World War I, Yerkes also had excellent credentials as a clinical psychologist. He worked extensively at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital with the psychiatrist E. E. Southard. He also worked with clinical psychologist Edmund B. Huey, a pioneer researcher on reading and reading disabilities. Yerkes and his colleagues (Yerkes, Bridges, & Hardwick, 1915) devised a scale of intelligence. The APA Committee on Psychological Examination of Recruits (accepted in November, 1917, as a subcommittee of the Psychology Committee of the National Research Council) met initially at Vineland, New Jersey, on May 28, 1917, for a period of about 6 weeks. The members of it who were later affiliated with clinical psychology organizations in some way included Edgar A. Doll, Henry H. Goddard, Thomas H. Haines, Lewis M. Terman, F. L. Wells, Guy M. Whipple, and Robert M. Yerkes, chair. During World War I, Yerkes’ committee developed Army Alpha and the Army Beta tests and evaluated 1,700,000 officers and enlisted personnel (Elliott, 1956).
Empathy and Sympathy: Therapeutic Distinctions in Counseling

At various times in the treatment process, mental health counselors may inadvertently equate the concepts of empathy and sympathy. This confusion is understandable because there is ambiguity between the two terms that could contribute to miscommunication in counseling. This article clarifies the therapeutic distinctions between empathy and sympathy through the dimensions of aim, appraisal, apprehension, and agreement.
Relationship among different skin dose definitions in high-dose-rate (HDR) balloon breast brachytherapy

To establish the relationship among various skin dosimetric indices and different volumetric definitions of skin in high-dose-rate (HDR) balloon breast brachytherapy. Fifty breast cancer patients were treated with HDR balloon brachytherapy. The MammoSite® applicator was used for 40 patients and the Contura® applicator for 10 patients. Skin structure was retrospectively defined by expanding the skin surface internal to the body with a thickness of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mm in one method. In another method, the skin was defined by expanding its external to the body to demonstrate the maximum point dose on the skin surface. For each skin structure defined by six different methods, three dosimetric data points extracted from dose-volume histograms were compared. Dmax was defined as the maximum point dose, and D1cc and D0.1cc were defined as the minimum dose to 1 cm3 and 0.1 cm3 of the most irradiated skin volume, respectively. The relationship among 18 dosimetric parameters was presented in graphs, and linear curve fitting was performed to provide mathematical formulas. For each skin definition, the Dmax, D1cc, and D0.1cc values show a linear relationship such that Dmax is the largest, D0.1cc is the next, and D1cc is the smallest value. For each dosimetric parameter, there was a linear relationship among the dosimetric indices for 6 different skin definitions. For clinical use, all linear relationships were displayed in graphs and two parameters for linear fitting were provided. Average R2 value for curve fitting was 0.978. The presented relationships can be developed in each individual institution and convert one dosimetric index to another for different skin definitions.
Multiple Imputation for the Cox Proportional Hazards Model with Missing Covariates

We present three multiple imputation estimates for the Cox model with missing covariates. Two of the suggested estimates are asymptotically equivalent to estimates in the literature when the number of multiple imputations approaches infinity. The third estimate can be implemented using standard software that could handle time-varying covariates.
The Road Not Taken: Fostering Research on the Psychology of Religiosity and Spirituality via Underused Representative, Open-Access Datasets (ROADs)

ABSTRACTPsychologists studying religiosity and spirituality (R/S) often face several challenges when conducting their research, such as collecting data from nationally representative samples, cross...
Triplet Species from Dihydropyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazines, the Diazene Precursors of N-Arenesulfonyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrroles

In contrast to the photolyses of N-methyl- or N-pivaloylpyrrolo[3,4]dihydropyridazines in low-temperature matrices, which give the blue, ESR-inactive singlet 3,4-dimethylenepyrrole biradical at all wavelengths, the photolyses of the N-arenesulfonyl derivatives in this series are strongly wavelength-dependent. In three separate instances, both singlet and triplet N-arenesulfonyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrole biradicals have been observed. In each case, one or two other triplets are seen by ESR spectroscopy after irradiation under special conditions. These are tentatively assigned conformationally isomeric diazenyl biradical structures. The possible origins of the slow intersystem crossing rates for singlet−triplet interconversions in N-arenesulfonyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrole biradicals are examined. Near-zero ionic character of the singlet wave function is considered to be a less likely cause than conformational control of the spin state. The latter circumstance would require that intersystem crossing be coupled to ...
Strengthened Temporal Coordination within Pre-existing Sequential Cell Assemblies Supports Trajectory Replay

A central goal in learning and memory research is to reveal the neural substrates underlying episodic memory formation. The hallmark of sequential spatial trajectory learning, a model of episodic memory, has remained equivocal, with proposals ranging from de novo creation of compressed sequential replay from blank slate networks to selection of pre-existing compressed preplay sequences. Here, we show that increased millisecond-timescale activation of cell assemblies expressed during de novo sequential experience and increased neuronal firing rate correlations can explain the difference between post-experience trajectory replay and robust preplay. This increased activation results from an improved neuronal tuning to specific cell assemblies, higher recruitment of experience-tuned neurons into pre-existing cell assemblies, and increased recruitment of cell assemblies in replay. In contrast, changes in overall neuronal and cell assembly temporal order within extended sequences do not account for sequential trajectory learning. We propose the coordinated strengthening of cell assemblies played sequentially on robust pre-existing temporal frameworks could support rapid formation of episodic-like memory.
The Persistence of Racialized Health Care Attitudes: Racial Attitudes among White Adults and Identity Importance among Black Adults

This study evaluates the emergence and persistence of the racial divide on health reform in public opinion using survey data from 2008 through 2017. The findings support existing work showing a consistent relationship between racial resentment and attitudes on the Affordable Care Act among White adults. However, the study also builds on existing work by evaluating the relationship between strength of racial identity among Black adults and health care opinion during President Barack Obama's Administration. The paper investigates the implications of the findings for future health policy in the post-Obama era using survey data on the Republicans’ attempt to pass the American Health Care Act in 2017. The results underscore the conditions that make the “spillover” of racial attitudes into seemingly non-racial policy areas more or less likely to occur. The findings also provide suggestive evidence for how future health reforms may receive different levels of support from both White and Black adults.
Extracting Incentives from Black-Box Decisions.

An algorithmic decision-maker incentivizes people to act in certain ways to receive better decisions. These incentives can dramatically influence subjects' behaviors and lives, and it is important that both decision-makers and decision-recipients have clarity on which actions are incentivized by the chosen model. While for linear functions, the changes a subject is incentivized to make may be clear, we prove that for many non-linear functions (e.g. neural networks, random forests), classical methods for interpreting the behavior of models (e.g. input gradients) provide poor advice to individuals on which actions they should take. In this work, we propose a mathematical framework for understanding algorithmic incentives as the challenge of solving a Markov Decision Process, where the state includes the set of input features, and the reward is a function of the model's output. We can then leverage the many toolkits for solving MDPs (e.g. tree-based planning, reinforcement learning) to identify the optimal actions each individual is incentivized to take to improve their decision under a given model. We demonstrate the utility of our method by estimating the maximally-incentivized actions in two real-world settings: a recidivism risk predictor we train using ProPublica's COMPAS dataset, and an online credit scoring tool published by the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO).
Optimal Salt Bridge for Trp-Cage Stabilization

Gai and co-workers [Bunagan, M. R., et al. (2006) J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 3759−3763] reported computational design studies suggesting that a D9E mutation would stabilize the Trp-cage. Experimental studies for this mutation were reported in 2008 [Hudaky, P., et al. (2008) Biochemistry 47, 1007−1016]; the authors suggested that [D9E]-TC5b presented a more compact and melting resistant structure because of the “optimal distance between the two sides of the molecule”. Nonetheless, the authors reported essentially the same circular dichroism (CD) melting temperature, 38 ± 0.3 °C, for TC5b and its [D9E] mutant. In this study, a more stable Trp-cage, DAYAQ WLKDG GPSSG RPPPS, was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance and CD with the following mutations: [D9E], [D9R,R16E], [R16O], [D9E,R16O], [R16K], and [D9E,R16K]. Of these, the [D9E] mutant displayed the smallest acidification-induced change in the apparent Tm. In analogy to the prior study, the CD melts of TC10b and its [D9E] mutant were, however, very similar; ...
A sip of joy: Straw materials can influence emotional responses to, and sensory attributes of cold tea

Abstract While the use of reusable drinking straws has become more popular in recent years, there have been no previous studies regarding associations of drinking straw materials with perception and liking of beverages. This study was therefore aimed at determining whether and how straw materials could affect sensory perception of and evoke emotional responses to cold tea beverages. One hundred thirty-four participants (70 females and 64 males) consumed unsweetened cold black tea samples using five straws made from one of five materials: plastic, paper, copper, stainless steel, and silicone. They rated the tea samples with respect to attribute intensity and liking, overall hedonic impression, and evoked emotions. Tea samples were found to differ with straw materials in terms of flavor liking, mouthfeel liking, and sourness intensity. Interestingly, significant interactions between straw materials and gender were observed in overall hedonic impression and matching associations of straw materials with cold tea samples. Females liked cold tea samples more when consumed with copper or stainless steel straws than with paper straws, while males exhibited no differences with straw material conditions. A gender effect was also found on cold tea samples consumed with different straw materials, with females more emotionally expressive than males toward certain straw material conditions. In conclusion, this study shows variations in sensory and emotional responses to cold tea samples as a function of drinking straw materials and could help food and beverage professionals select the most appropriate straw materials for best enhancing beverage consumption experience.
Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States and other geographic regions

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication that has been described among severely ill patients with COVID-19 and may be more common in those with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) Some patients with AKI require renal replacement therapy (RRT), including continuous RRT (CRRT) During the COVID-19 pandemic, some US areas experienced CRRT supply shortages We sought to describe the percent of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who developed AKI or needed RRT to inform patient care and resource planning Methods: We searched for studies in the literature and public health investigations that described CKD, AKI, and/or RRT in COVID-19 patients from January 2020 onward Studies were excluded if no CKD, AKI, or RRT information was provided We abstracted counts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including those admitted to intensive care units (ICU) who developed AKI, underwent RRT, and/or had CKD Data were pooled across cohorts by geographic region with available data (US, China, or United Kingdom [UK]) We compared proportions using Chi-square tests Results: A total of 311 studies were identified;23 studies (US n=11;China n=11;UK n=1) that described kidney disease and/or kidney-related outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included Underlying CKD prevalence was higher in US cohorts (10 3%) compared with China (2 5%) or UK (1 5%) (p< 0 0001) AKI was markedly higher among hospitalized (31 3% vs 6 4%;p < 0 001) and ICU patients (55 4% vs 18 2%;p< 0 0001) in the US compared to China The percent of ICU patients requiring RRT in the US (16 8%) was significantly different from that reported in China (12 5%) and the UK (23 9%) (p< 0 0001) Limitations include differences in CKD and RRT definitions across studies Conclusion: AKI is a frequent outcome among US COVID-19 patients, affecting almost one third of hospitalized and more than half of ICU patients AKI was reported more frequently in the US than China The percent of ICU patients who received RRT was higher in the US and UK than in China Understanding the occurrence of kidney-related outcomes among patients with COVID-19 including the impact of underlying CKD and regional practice variations is essential for healthcare systems to successfully plan for RRT needs during the pandemic
How Did the Reintroduction of the Social Security Statement Change Workers’ Expectations and Plans?

This article examines how the reintroduction of Social Security Statement mailings from September 2014 through December 2016 affected recipients’ expectations about Social Security benefits and their benefit claiming decisions. During the reintroduction period, Statements were mailed to workers of selected ages, enabling a comparison of results for 2016 recipients, 2014/2015 recipients, and reintroduction-period nonrecipients. The author fielded a specialized American Life Panel survey module to elicit recall of and reactions to receiving the Statement and used earlier survey modules to control for respondents’ prior Social Security knowledge. He finds that recipients recalled and valued the information provided in the Statement, but that the effects rapidly diminished as time passed after receipt. Recipients were likelier than nonrecipients to change their planned claiming age and to expect Congress to enact future benefit cuts.
Impact of Abducting at the Shoulder on Perceiving Torques about the Elbow

Literature indicates that an individual’s perception of their self-generated torques is largely influenced by their descending motor commands. These studies often rely on between-limbs matching protocols, which can introduce confounding factors when interpreting results from populations with unilateral impairments. Here, we demonstrate how changes in descending motor commands impact one’s perception of torques using a single-arm protocol. Thirteen participants generated and perceived 25% of their maximum voluntary torque (MVT) in elbow flexion while simultaneously abducting at their shoulder to 10%, 30%, or 50% of their MVT in shoulder abduction (MVT SABD ). Subsequently, the participants matched the elbow torque without feedback and without activating their shoulder. The accuracy in matching the elbow torque was influenced by the extent to which the shoulder abducted (p=0.002); the average error in matching elbow torques was greatest at 50% MVT SABD (3.9 ± 4.9 Nm), followed by 30% MVT SABD (2.1±2.7 Nm), and then 10% MVT SABD (0.0±2.1 Nm). These results indicate that perception of a torque about the elbow is influenced by the extent of simultaneous activation about the biomechanically-coupled shoulder. Therefore, this approach can quantify, using a single arm, the impact of changes in muscle activation on torque perception.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat mass.

The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between total and segmental subcutaneous tissue thicknesses from ultrasonography (US) and total and segmental fat mass (FM) estimates from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Traditional US FM estimates were also examined. Twenty resistance-trained males (mean ± SD; age: 22.0 ± 2.6 years; body mass: 74.8 ± 11.5 kg; DXA fat: 17.5 ± 4.5%) completed a 6-week supervised resistance training programme while consuming a hypercaloric diet. Pre- and post-intervention body composition was assessed by DXA and B-mode US. Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation (r), Lin's correlation coefficient (CCC), paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Bland-Altman analysis, as appropriate. Cross-sectionally, correlations were observed between total DXA FM and total subcutaneous tissue thickness (r = 0.88). Longitudinally, a correlation was observed between total DXA FM changes and total subcutaneous tissue changes (r = 0.49, CCC = 0.38). Correlations of similar magnitudes were observed for the upper body and trunk estimates, but DXA FM changes were unrelated to subcutaneous tissue changes for the lower body and arms. Cross-sectionally, US 2-compartment FM and DXA FM were correlated (r = 0.91, CCC = 0.83). Longitudinally, a weaker correlation was observed (r = 0.47, CCC = 0.33). In summary, longitudinal associations between US and DXA are weaker than cross-sectional relationships; additionally, correlations between US subcutaneous tissue and whole-body DXA FM appear to be driven by the trunk region rather than appendages. Reporting raw skinfold thicknesses rather than FM estimates alone may improve the utility of techniques based on subcutaneous tissue thickness, such as US and skinfolds.
Measuring the universe: A multiwavelength perspective

Astronomy is an observational science, renewed and even revolutionized by new developments in instrumentation. With the resulting growth of multiwavelength investigation as an engine of discovery, it is increasingly important for astronomers to understand the underlying physical principles and operational characteristics for a broad range of instruments. This comprehensive text is ideal for graduate students, active researchers and instrument developers. It is a thorough review of how astronomers obtain their data, covering current approaches to astronomical measurements from radio to gamma rays. The focus is on current technology rather than the history of the field, allowing each topic to be discussed in depth. Areas covered include telescopes, detectors, photometry, spectroscopy, adaptive optics and high-contrast imaging, millimeter-wave and radio receivers, radio and optical/infrared interferometry, and X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, all at a level that bridges the gap between the basic principles of optics and the subject's abundant specialist literature. Color versions of figures and solutions to selected problems are available online at www.cambridge.org/9780521762298.
Utility of Physician Report Cards in Patient Referral.

Physician report cards (PRCs) provide comparative metrics that may help physicians in making referrals, as long as the referring physician understands the PRC limitations and the inconsistencies among PRCs from different institutions and locations.
Microbiotests for contaminated soils and sediments: interpreting the data

Toxicity tests for soils and sediments have traditionally used macroinvertebrate species. Some recently developed soil and sediment tests use microorganisms, but most of these tests are done on liquid extracts. A direct-contact assay using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri has been evaluated for soil and sediment applications. An interlaboratory precision study on 6 sediment and 2 soil samples found good agreement among 18 participating laboratories, with 98.6% (141/143) of results falling within ASTM control chart limits (p<0.005). In an examination of the impact of roadway runoff on saltmarsh ecosystems, modification of experimental design and methods allowed an increase in statistical power of the test from 26% to 89%. In the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, the test has been effective in identifying toxic samples. Response characteristics of the test are dependent on grain-size characteristics, so caution is urged in data interpretation. Suggestions for interpreting the data include careful reference sample selection, sample classification by graphical inference, and sample grouping by grain-size classes.
Spontaneous evisceration through vaginal enterocele.

Abstract 1. 1. A case is presented of a spontaneous evisceration through a rent in an enterocele subsequent to a vaginal hysterectomy and vaginal plastic four years previously. 2. 2. Immediate replacement of the intestine through a rent with repair was followed by an uneventful recovery. 3. 3. Secondary repair of the enterocele yielded a good result.
A novel SVPWM overmodulation technique for three-level NPC VSI

This paper proposes a simple space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) scheme for operating a three-phase three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) at higher modulation indexes, including overmodulation region. Generally, the overmodulation techniques for SVPWM inverter need to store lots of data in the controller beforehand, which produces a huge memory while the control resolution is not perfect. Based on the study of existing overmodulation techniques published in literatures, a novel two-mode strategy and single-mode feed-forward carrier-based simplified SVPWM overmodulation algorithms are proposed which can manage smooth transition from the linear control range to six-step operation. The proposed overmodulation techniques make continuous control of the output voltage up to the maximum voltage with a smooth linear transition characteristics and minimum distortions. The strategy is simple and suitable for practical digital implementation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SVPWM overmodulation algorithm.
The 'Baby Doe' rule: is it all bad?

There can be little doubt that the majority of professionals involved in newborn intensive care strongly disagree with the present administration9s views on how to ensure optimal care to handicapped and critically ill newborns. The list of stated objections is lengthy and is heatedly spiced with references to "Big Brother Doe" (Minneapolis Star and Tribune, April 13, 1983, P 15A) and "Ethical Decisions by Edict".1 Disquieting reports have circulated on disruptive and unjustified investigations of wrongdoing in newborn intensive care units by poorly coordinated "Baby Doe squads."2 Most neonatologists and intensive care nurses, when imagining themselves in such a defensive position, would find little if anything positive to say about the regulation.
The Classification of Candlestick Charts: Laying the Foundation for Further Empirical Research

The academic discussion about technical analysis has a long tradition, in American literature as well as in the German scientific community. Lo et al. (2000) laid the foundation for empirical research on the “classical” technical indicators (like “head-and-shoulders” formations) with their paper “Foundations of Technical analysis”.
Effects of dynamic aeroelasticity on handling qualities and pilot rating

Pilot performance parameters, such as pilot ratings, tracking errors, and pilot comments, were recorded and analyzed for a longitudinal pitch tracking task on a large, flexible aircraft. The tracking task was programmed on a fixed-base simulator with a CRT attitude director display of pitch angle command, pitch angle, and pitch angle error. Parametric variations in the undamped natural frequencies of the two lowest frequency symmetric elastic modes were made to induce varying degrees of rigid body and elastic mode interaction. The results indicate that such mode interaction can drastically affect the handling qualities and pilot ratings of the task.
Preventing Physical, Psychological, and Sexual Aggression in College Dating Relationships

The present experiment evaluated the effectiveness of a brief program to prevent physical, psychological, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. The program consisted of an educational video followed by a discussion led by either a female presenter or male/female co-presenters. Undergraduates (N = 123; 45 males, 78 females) were randomly assigned to either an intervention condition or the control condition. Participants in both intervention conditions endorsed more prosocial attitudes about dating aggression immediately following the intervention and compared to control participants. The program was well-received by both male and female participants regardless of the sex of the presenters. However, some attitude changes were not maintained at a delayed follow-up. Recommendations for future prevention studies are discussed.
GABAergic cerebellar system in autism: a neuropathological and developmental perspective.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cerebellar GABAergic system in autism, the system in which neurons produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as their output; it has repeatedly been described as the most consistent neuropathological finding in autism. This chapter addresses the functional implications of upsetting the delicate balance of excitatory-inhibitory inputs to key cerebellar GABAergic neurons, as well as addresses the current and future path of investigation of this important inhibitory system in autism research. The chapter describes the main function of the cerebellum as a motor structure, modulating the output of motor cortex to produce fine motor coordination and skills. Although there are motor signs in autism—such as repetitive and stereotypic movements of the body, limbs and fingers, hyperactivity, abnormal muscle tone and reflexes, and usual gait patterns—autistic individuals do not demonstrate classic cerebellar signs, such as marked ataxia and it has, thus, been difficult for investigators to correlate Purkinje cells (PC) deficits or developmental cognitive neuroscience (DCN) alterations with the severity of autism or to specific autistic behaviors based only on the consideration of motor criteria. Alterations in the GABAergic system in autism became evident affecting specific receptors in the hippocampus, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein levels in parietal cortex and cerebellum and a decreased number of GABAergic Purkinje cells evident in a subset of autistic cases.
Author reply to: Evaluation of the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems

We appreciate the letter by Saxena et al.1 as well as the extensive contribution they have made to global mental health. With regard to the methodology of our evaluation, we briefly described each domain and, for the purpose of cross-cultural comparison, demonstrated how the WHO-AIMS (Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems) may be applied to very different societies: Iraq, Japan, the Philippines, and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.2 Each item of WHO-AIMS has been well described.3 While the WHO-AIMS is both comprehensive and user-friendly, mental health policy-makers and researchers should be aware that there is no item to assess the social histories, cultural nuances and political processes that often shape mental health policy.
Large-scale crystal plasticity computations of microstructural failure modes

Abstract A computational scheme is introduced for the integration of rate-dependent multiple-slip crystal plasticity constitutive relations. Fundamental issues of accuracy, stability, and stiffness that are intrinsically related to the evolution of microstructural failure modes in metallic crystals are addressed. An adaptive finite-element methodology is introduced to classify these characteristics. A nonlinear initial value system is derived to update the plastic deformation-rate tensor. An explicit method is used in non-stiff domains, where accuracy is required. If a time-step reduction is due to stability, a harbinger of numerical stiffness, the algorithm is automatically switched to an A-stable method. A stiffness ratio is defined to measure the eigenvalue dispersion of the system. The adaptability of the proposed algorithm for the solution of a class of inelastic constitutive relations is illustrated by investigating the influence of high angle grain boundary orientations on failure in face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) bicrystals. The effects of grain boundary misorientation, dislocation densities, strain hardening, and geometrical softening on failure evolution are investigated. This study underscores the importance of understanding the origin of numerical instabilities, such that these instabilities are not mistaken for inherent material instabilities.
Triple Coordinate Transforms for Prediction of Falling Cylinder Through the Water Column

Triple coordinate systems are introduced to predict translation and orientation of falling rigid cylinder through the water column: earth-fixed coordinate (E-coordinate), cylinder's main-axis following coordinate (M-coordinate), and hydrodynamic force following coordinate (F-coordinate). Use of the triple coordinate systems and the transforms among them leads to the simplification of the dynamical system. The body and buoyancy forces and their moments are easily calculated rising the E-coordinate system. The hydrodynamic forces (such as the drag and lift forces) and their moments are easily computed using the F-coordinate. The cylinder's moments of gyration are simply represented using the M-coordinate Data collected from a cylinder-drop experiment at the Naval Postgraduate School swimming pool in June 2001 show great potential of using the triple coordinate transforms.
Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of real space transfer (NERFET/CHINT) devices

The first self-consistent particle-field ensemble Monte Carlo model for real space transfer (NERFET/CHINT) devices will be presented. The simulations performed are in agreement with experiments and reproduce all prominent features of NERFET/CHINT structures such as, negative differential resistance, saturation of drain and substrate (injection) current at high source-to-drain voltages, and the negative transconductance (ΔID,sat/ΔVsub < 0) in the saturated drain current Negative differential resistance (NDR) can be achieved through real-space electron transfer which is based on the emission of electrons from one semiconductor layer into another semiconductor layer in the presence of high electric fields parallel to the layers (Hess, 1979). The major advantage of this mechanism over the Gunn effect is that the material parameters such as mobility ratios of adjacent layers, barrier heights, layer thicknesses can be engineered to control peak-to-valley ratios, device speeds and NDR threshold voltages. Recently a number of devices, namely negative differential resistance field effect transistor (NERFET) and charge injection transistor (CHINT), have been proposed and experimentally verified (Luryi, 1985). The purpose of this paper is to present our Monte Carlo model for the real space transfer transistors (NERFET/CHINT) and summarize our simulations which are in agreement with experiments.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation measurements of secondary organic aerosol generated from ozonolysis of alkenes

[1] Ice nuclei (IN) are those particles which catalyze ice nucleation in the atmosphere. Ambient measurements suggest that the main particle types that function as IN are metal oxides and dust. However, carbonaceous particles often are the next most abundant IN particle type, although the source and exact chemical compositions of these particles are unknown. Here we explore the ice nucleating ability of one potential source of carbonaceous IN to the atmosphere, secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We generated SOA by ozonolysis of 25 different organic precursors in the presence of an OH scavenger. For all experiments, ice nucleation was not observed in detectable quantities. We conclude that SOA generated from ozonolysis of alkenes is an unlikely source of IN to the atmosphere.
Tetralogy of Fallot and Anomalous Origin of the Left Pulmonary Artery From the Ascending Aorta Associated With Absent Right Internal Carotid Artery

Anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare cardiac malformation more commonly described with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The association of absent right carotid artery with TOF and anomalous left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta has been rarely reported in the past. This case highlights the need for careful evaluation of the aortic arch and head vessels anatomy in patients with TOF because of the potential neurologic complications after surgery.
New method for determining relative oscillator strengths of atoms through combined absorption and emission measurements - Application to titanium /Ti I/

The paper introduces a procedure that combines measurements of absorption and emission by atoms to obtain relative oscillator strengths that are independent of temperature determination in the sources and of assumptions regarding local thermodynamic equilibrium. The experimental observations are formed into sets of transitions and required to satisfy defined ratios. The procedure is illustrated with the published data of Whaling et al. and Smith and Kuehne for 16 transitions in Ti I. It is shown that the relative oscillator strengths resulting from this procedure have calculated uncertainties between 5 and 17% (about 95% confidence level). Evidence is presented to suggest that these uncertainties have been overestimated.
Prediction of elevated pulse pressure in elderly using in-home monitoring sensors: A pilot study

In this paper we describe the possibility of employing the data generated by a continuous, unobtrusive home monitoring system for predicting abnormal blood pressure (BP) in elderly. Blood pressure may be used for both early detection of clinical conditions (such as heart attacks or strokes) and long term assessment of functional or cognitive decline. We investigated several factors that influence abnormal BP prediction such as sensor type, number of days prior to the BP measurement and algorithm choice. In our algorithms we used the pulse pressure (the difference between systolic and diastolic BP) that is believed to be a better predictor for clinical events. We conducted a retrospective pilot study on two residents of the TigerPlace aging in place facility with age over 70, that had blood pressure measured between 100 and 300 times during a period of two years. The pilot study suggested that abnormal pulse pressure can be reasonably well estimated (an area under ROC curve of about 0.75) using apartment bed and motion sensors.
Three-photon fluorescence imaging of melanin with a dual-wedge confocal scanning system

Confocal microscopy can be used as a practical tool in non-invasive applications in medical diagnostics and evaluation. In particular, it is being used for the early detection of skin cancer to identify pathological cellular components and, potentially, replace conventional biopsies. The detection of melanin and its spatial location and distribution plays a crucial role in the detection and evaluation of skin cancer. Our previous work has shown that the visible emission from melanin is strong and can be easily observed with a near-infrared CW laser using low power. This is due to a unique step-wise, (SW) three-photon excitation of melanin. This paper shows that the same SW, 3-photon fluorescence can also be achieved with an inexpensive, continuous-wave laser using a dual-prism scanning system. This demonstrates that the technology could be integrated into a portable confocal microscope for clinical applications. The results presented here are in agreement with images obtained with the larger and more expensive femtosecond laser system used earlier.
Influence of 2-methyl-2-(p-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylphenoxy) propionic acid on the oxidation of cholesterol by rat liver mitochondria.

Es wird gezeigt, dass bei mannlichen Wistar-Ratten im 3-Wochen-Diatexperiment mit Zusatz von 0,3% 2-Methyl-2-(p-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-naphthylphenoxy)-Propionsaure (Su-13437) die Oxydation von 26-14C-Cholesterin zu14CO2 durch Lebermitochondrien (bezogen auf mg/N) ahnlich wie bei den Kontrollen war. Bei den Versuchstieren war jedoch bei Abwesenheit von Cytosol im System die Oxydation durch Lebermitochondrien erhoht.
Sperm separation attempts via the use of albumin gradients in rabbits

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the sedimentation method using albumin gradients to determine whether it could help pre-select sex in rabbits. Of the 21 litters produced during natural mating, the sex ratio was 52.8% males which did not differ (P>0.05) from 55.3% males (nine litters) produced via AI from semen recovered after sedimentation through albumin gradients. The results obtained in this study are consistent with some but not all previous data. The quality of the recovered spermatozoa improved (P in vitro data generated.
The role of litter in nutrient cycling in a brackish tidal marsh

The role of litter in nutrient cycling in a Typha angustifolia dominated brackish tidal marsh was studied with a field experiment. In replicated plots, litter was either removed, replaced with plastic strips (pseudolitter), increased threefold, or left unaltered. One set of plots received fortnightly surface applications of ammonium phosphate solution at an annual rate of 65 g/m2 of N and 72 g/m2 of P. The nutrient additions increased the concentration of dissolved and extractable ammonium and phosphate, but decreased the concentration of dissolved nitrate plus nitrite in the sediment. The effects of the litter manipulations were mostly attributable to the physical structure of the litter layer rather than the decomposition process. Plots with no litter or pseudolitter developed higher concentrations of total NH4 in the sediment than other plots. Also, when litter and pseudolitter were absent, the nutrient additions caused greater increases in PO4 in the sediment. We measured decomposition and changes in ...
Cost of cardiovascular disease and planning for future directions of the U.S. Air Force HEART program.

Abstract The extent and cost of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. Air Force is detailed, as the reduction of this disease is the objective of the HEART preventive medicine program. The HEART program is currently installed at four bases and is providing information which will assist in an orderly and efficient extension to all 118 bases throughout the world. A research team from Purdue University is assisting the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine in evaluating the four-base demonstration and is planning for Air Force-wide implementation. A number of computerized models have been developed and are being used to evaluate numerous fundamental strategies and other questions regarding operational startup, projected staffing needs, and cost analysis. A general description of the models is given and the questions that must be resolved in this planning operation are discussed. The four-base demonstration will provide initial risk factor distributions on about 14,000 officers and airmen and will measure the modification that can be achieved in them through intervention. This information will be included in the models to make them more effective tools.
Time-dependent velocity correlation functions of randomly stirred fluids from mode coupling theories

Abstract The energy spectrum and time-dependent velocity autocorrelation functions of randomly stirred fluids are studied in the long wavelength limit from the standpoint of mode coupling theories. An expansion scheme — similar to the ϵ-expansion of critical dynamics — is set up for calculation of correlation functions. The decay of the velocity correlation is found to be non-exponential.
Serum biomarkers as potential predictors of antitumor activity of cetuximab-containing therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer

We sought to identify biomarkers of antitumor activity in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with therapy containing cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. Patients with stage III-IVB head and neck cancer received cisplatin, docetaxel, and cetuximab (TPE) followed by radiotherapy, cisplatin, and cetuximab (XPE) and maintenance cetuximab in a phase II clinical trial. Serum and tissue biomarkers were examined for treatment-related changes and for association with clinical outcomes. Concentrations of 31 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured before and after 3 cycles (9 weeks) of induction TPE using multi-analyte immunobead-based profiling (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX), with selected analytes validated by a single analyte enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor biomarkers included phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3), EGFR and human papillomavirus (HPV). Thirty-one patients had baseline biomarkers and 25 had paired samples, pre- and post-TPE. Adjusting for false discovery, 14 analytes including MCP1c, IP-10, Leptin, interleukin (IL)-5, Eotaxin, IL-6, G-CSF, CXCL5 changed significantly post TPE induction. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-6 levels were associated with tumor response as assessed by positron emission tomography and progression-free survival, however, the association was not significant after adjustment for false discovery. Analytes were not associated with toxicities, smoking history, HPV status, EGFR amplification, or pSTAT3 tumor protein levels. Baseline serum biomarkers, in particular VEGF and IL-6, were identified as potentially useful prognostic markers of cetuximab-containing therapy. Validation is warranted in future studies specifically designed to detect biomarker associations.
Vegetation responses to changes in design and management of an urban park

Abstract Thornden Park, located in Syracuse, NY, USA, was transformed from a nineteenth century English estate to a public park in 1921. Accompanying this transformation, there has been a corresponding change in vegetation. Prevalent trees were elms, maples, oaks, willows, spruces, and orchard species. Dominant cover types were lawn (65.4%) and parkland (22.8%). By 1955, park designers combined the artistry from the Pleasure Ground Park Period with recreation activities from Reform and Recreation Park Periods to create a landscape with rustic features, formal geometric and axial gardens, and recreational facilities. Dominant cover types were still lawn (48.9%) and parkland (22.5%), but forest cover (2%) appeared for the first time. Park management shifted from active to deferred maintenance through the late 1960s and into the 1970s. Direct outcomes included the loss of formal gardens, the expansion of forest and shrub-forest cover types, and the reduction of areas for passive recreation. By 1989, dominant trees included Norway and other maples, and spruces. Dominant cover type remained lawn (52.8%), but collectively, forest and shrub-forest cover types occupied 14.4% of the park. Currently, only 25.6% of the original canopy cover exists. The remaining 75.6% has developed since 1926.