cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Look, a human being! Anthropomorphic solipsism in postsecular thought

Adding a woman’s voice to an edited volume, or a person of color on an academic panel, or an ecumenical, universalist message of welcome under a church flag—these may be well intentioned gestures of inclusion, but, even as an unintended result, minority discourses either stand on the margins, as the ‘other,’ or they morph and disappear into the dominant discourse. What is needed instead is a change of ‘being.’ Whatever we call the philosophy of religion, it owes its conception to the European Enlightenment, and the latter, its understanding of the modern subject to Christian imperialism and the colonial enterprise. How can it ever become an inclusive field? This paper reflects on the promise of inclusion of postsecular theological discourses within the Continental philosophy of religion. Can such discourses, coming on the heels of the death of God and the postmodern death of universals, overcome their patriarchal, colonial, and racist cultural archive? Such a possibility glimpses a future worth pursuing. To answer the question, this paper plays on the intersectionality of the human being as such—an imagined abstract condition of possibility of our existence—and human facticity, the embodied lived experience that is historically conditioned, culturally determined, gendered and racialized as we know it today—identities expressing or underwriting white privilege, the economic exploitation of the global south, or hegemonic Western institutions of knowledge and power. The paper analyzes key aspects of well-known postsecular theological discourses (Caputo, Vattimo, Taylor, Levinas) through the intersectional lens of feminist, race, postcolonial, and decolonial critiques (Schutte, Du Bois, Carter, Dussel, Mignolo). Error is human, but today’s sexism, racism, or economic oppression suggest it isn’t human errors we ought to correct so much as our erroneous understanding of what we call a human being. A materialist conception of being (Malabou) and a theology whose God is in and of language open the way to engage the complicity of the philosophy of religion with the dominant and hegemonic ideologies that underwrite, besides the field, today’s world order.
Does a Strategy Map Affect Whether Middle Managers Pass Along Information with Strategic Implications to Upper Management

Information from lower-level employees can have strategic implications for the firm. Middle managers have some control over upper management’s access to information from lower-level employees because they decide whether to pass along that information to upper management when they receive it. I conduct an experiment with participants acting as middle managers who receive information with strategic implications from a lower-level employee. I provide two types of information: information that suggests part of the firm’s strategy is incorrect (i.e. corrective information) and information that suggests a novel addition to the firm strategy (i.e. innovative information). When the information is corrective, participants report themselves less likely to pass along the lower-level employee’s information to upper management the more they perceive that information to contradict the firm’s strategy. I attribute this effect to disconfirmation bias, which can lead managers to be biased against information that contradicts their preferred outcome. Prior research demonstrates that receiving a strategy map can mitigate cognitive biases in some limited situations. I extend that research by examining the effect a strategy map has on disconfirmation bias in this unique setting. When participants receive a strategy map, disconfirmation bias is no longer associated with their decisions about passing along corrective information, indicating that strategy maps have a more widespread effect than previously predicted. When the information is innovative, however, participants report themselves less likely to pass along the lower-level employee’s information to upper management when they receive a strategy map. I find evidence that this is because receiving a strategy map negatively affects participants’ perception of how upper management will react to innovative information.
Aquatic Vegetation and Invertebrate Communities of Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge

Abstract Observed degradation of aquatic systems at Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge, located in west-central Minnesota, have been associated with sediment-laden inflows from riverine systems. To...
Efficacy of Three Nitrogen and Phosphorus Sources in Container-Grown Azalea Production

Abstract Rooted stem cuttings of ‘Sunglow’ azalea (Rhododendron sp. ‘Sunglow’) were potted into 3.8 liter (#1) containers with a pine bark: sand (6:1 by vol) substrate and topdressed with 3.5 g (0.12 oz) N per container with resin-coated NH4 NO3 and P [Osmocote 18N–2.6P–10K (18–6–12)], urea and sulfur-coated P [Woodace 20N–1.8P–9.1K (20–4–11)], or composted turkey litter (CTL) [Sustane 5N–0.9P–3.3K (5–2–4)]. A container-grown plant production area was constructed and subdivided into nine separate plots, 7.6 × 1.8 m (25 × 6 ft), with a 2% slope and lined with black plastic. At 5:00 AM daily, 1.3 cm (0.5 in) of water was applied by overhead irrigation at a rate of 1.6 cm/hr (0.6 in/hr) resulting in a leaching fraction of approximately 0.1 to 0.2. All effluent was collected individually from each plot. At 8:00 AM daily, volume of effluent was measured and sub-sampled for analysis of NO3, NH4, and P. The experiment, a RCB design with 3 replications, was conducted for 100 days. Thirty containers were placed in...
Motor Block Outlasts Sensory Block: A Unique Characteristic of Etidocaine?

Early clinical studies with etidocaine indicated that this new local anesthetic was unique among all local anesthetics in that it produced a motor block that outlasted the sensory block. A doubleblind, randomized comparison of the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade following subclavian perivascular brachial block carried out with 0.5% etidocaine and 1% lidocaine, both containing 1:200,000 epinephrine, indicated that the duration of paresis exceeds the duration of analgesia with both drugs, by approximately 18% with Iidocaine and etidocaine in mantle fibers and by 17% with Iidocaine and by 27% with etidocaine in core fibers. Probably the reason that this phenomenon, so apparent and alarming with etidocaine, has gone unnoticed in clinical practice with Iidocaine is due to the fact that the time during which an identifiable degree of paresis exists without analgesia is short enough with Iidocaine that the patient does not notice it, whereas the time during which the patient already has postoperative pain and still cannot move the arm is very long with etidocaine. Therefore, this phenomenon is not unique to etidocaine.
Ethics and War: An Introduction

1. Understanding war in moral terms 2. The just war tradition: a brief history 3. When is it just to go to war? 4. Sovereignty and human rights 5. How should war be fought? Part I 6. How should war be fought? Part II 7. Civil wars 8. Justice at the end of war.
Barriers to naloxone use and acceptance among opioid users, first responders, and emergency department providers in New Hampshire, USA

Abstract Background The United States is in the midst of a devastating opioid crisis, and the state of New Hampshire (NH) has been disproportionately impacted. Naloxone is an opioid overdose reversal medication that is critical for saving lives. This study was conducted to understand emergency responders’ and opioid users’ experiences with, and opinions about, naloxone use and distribution in NH. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 76 opioid users and 36 emergency responders in six NH counties in 2016–2017. Interviews focused on respondents’ experiences with opioid use and overdose. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and reviewed for consensus among coders. Directed content analysis was used to review high-level domains and identify subthemes. Results Users and responders largely agreed that naloxone had become increasingly available in NH at the time of the study. Reported responder barriers to naloxone acceptance included perceptions that increased naloxone availability may enable riskier opioid use and fails to address the underlying causes of addiction. Reported opioid-user barriers included cost, legality, and lack of knowledge regarding distribution locations and indications for use. Conclusion Opioid users’ and emergency responders’ perceptions about naloxone may limit the optimal use of naloxone within the community. This study identifies opportunities to address misconceptions about naloxone and challenges in accessing naloxone, which may improve opioid overdose prevention strategies.
An intersectionality-informed psychotherapy approach to reduce HIV stigma

HIV stigma represents a major barrier across the continuum of HIV care that is associated with compromised engagement and retention in HIV care along with adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, stigma reduction efforts are critical to improving HIV health outcomes. However, there is no gold-standard evidence-based psychotherapy intervention for addressing stigma related to HIV or other marginalized identities. This article examines the role of psychotherapy to address the adverse cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects of HIV stigma among persons with HIV, with the aims of promoting psychological well-being and supporting health behaviors associated with enhanced HIV treatment retention, adherence, and overall health outcomes. A psychotherapy approach informed by intersectionality theory is proposed, according to which multiple categories of identity, social status, privilege, and oppression simultaneously influence psychological life, including the experience of HIV stigma. Intersectionality-informed psychotherapy strategies to address HIV stigma are described and illustrated using a hypothetical clinical case example. Implications of an intersectionality-informed framework for therapist advocacy also are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Transformation Techniques for Minimax Optimal Control Problems and their Application to Optimal Flight Trajectories in a Windshear: Optimal abort Landing Trajectories

The optimal-control problem of abort-landing trajectories in the presence of low-altitude wind shear is investigated analytically. The vertical-plane Newtonian motion of a point-mass aircraft in a steady wind field is modeled, and a sequential gradient-restoration algorithm is applied. Numerical results showing the effects of wind-shear intensity, initial altitude, and power-setting rate are presented in extensive graphs and discussed in detail. Optimal trajectories for strong or severe wind shears are found to begin with a descent, followed by level flight and then an ascent after leaving the shear region.
Exploring the impact of background music on customers’ perceptions of ethnic restaurants: The moderating role of dining companions

Abstract Given the growing interest among restaurateurs in using atmospherics to enhance customers' dining experiences, this study sought to examine the impact of background music on customers’ perceptions of ethnic restaurants by applying the cue utilization and consumer socialization theories. A total of 346 valid responses were collected through an online survey sampling website. PLS-SEM was employed to validate the proposed model. Multigroup analysis was conducted to compare customers with different companions, either family or friends. The results indicated that the congruency between ethnic music and restaurant theme showed a more significant effect on perceived authenticity than the enjoyment of music itself. Perceived authenticity had a significant impact on both satisfaction and behavioral intention. The effect of music enjoyment on perceived authenticity was significantly higher for customers who dine out with families, while the effect of music congruency on perceived authenticity was significantly higher for customers who dine out with friends.
Androgen excess and diagnostic steroid biomarkers for nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency without cosyntropin stimulation

Objectives The clinical presentation of patients with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (N21OHD) is similar with that for other disorders of androgen excess. The diagnosis of N21OHD typically requires cosyntropin stimulation. Additionally, the management of such patients is limited by the lack of reliable biomarkers of androgen excess. Herein, we aimed to: (1.) compare the relative contribution of traditional and 11-oxyandrogens in N21OHD patients and (2.) identify steroids that accurately diagnose N21OHD with a single baseline blood draw. Design We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent a cosyntropin stimulation test for suspected N21OHD in two tertiary referral centers between January 2016 and August 2019. Methods Baseline sera were used to quantify 15 steroids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression modeling was implemented to select steroids that best discriminate N21OHD from controls. Results Of 86 participants (72 females), median age 26, 32 patients (25 females) had N21OHD. Age, sex distribution, and BMI were similar between patients with N21OHD and controls. Both testosterone and androstenedione were similar in patients with N21OHD and controls, while four 11-oxyandrogens were significantly higher in patients with N21OHD (ratios between medians: 1.7 to 2.2, P < 0.01 for all). 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (6.5-fold), 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (4.1-fold), and 21-deoxycortisol (undetectable in 80% of the controls) were higher, while corticosterone was 3.6-fold lower in patients with N21OHD than in controls (P < 0.001). Together, baseline 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, and corticosterone showed perfect discrimination between N21OHD and controls. Conclusions Adrenal 11-oxyandrogens are disproportionately elevated compared to conventional androgens in N21OHD. Steroid panels can accurately diagnose N21OHD in unstimulated blood tests.
The novel HSP90 inhibitor STA-9090 exhibits activity against Kit dependent and independent malignant mast cell tumors.

5638 Mutations that induce ligand-independent activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit are found in several human and canine cancers including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, malignant mast cell disease, and acute myelogenous leukemia. Small molecule Kit inhibitors have been exhibited significant activity in the clinical setting, but they possess variable efficacy against particular forms of mutant Kit, and drug resistance often develops over time. Recently, inhibitors of HSP90, a chaperone for which Kit is a client protein, have demonstrated biologic activity in human cancers and evidence suggests they can efficiently down-regulate several mutated and imatinib-resistant forms of Kit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel HSP90 inhibitor, STA-9090, against wild-type (WT) and mutant Kit in normal canine bone marrow derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs), malignant canine mast cell lines and fresh malignant canine mast cells cultured ex vivo. Cells were treated with STA-9090, 17-AAG (a geldanamycin analogue), and SU11654 (a small molecule Kit inhibitor) and evaluated for loss of cell viability, cell death, alterations in HSP90 and Kit expression/signaling, and evidence of Kit mutation. STA-9090 activity was also tested in a mastocytoma xenograft model. HSP90 expression levels were found to be similar among the BMCMCs, cell lines and fresh malignant mast cells. Treatment of BMCMCs, cell lines, and fresh malignant cells with STA-9090 induced growth inhibition and apoptosis that was caspase-3 dependent at low nM concentration. STA-9090 down-regulated phospho/total Kit and phospho/total Akt, but not ERK or PI-3 kinase. Loss of Kit cell-surface expression was also observed within 24 hrs of STA-9090 treatment. Furthermore, STA-9090 exhibited superior activity against malignant mast cells compared to 17-AAG or SU11654, and was effective against malignant mast cells expressing either WT or mutant Kit, while SU11654 was effective only against cells expressing mutant Kit. Lastly, STA-9090 inhibited tumor growth in a mastocytoma xenograft model. In summary, STA-9090 exhibits broad activity against mast cells expressing WT or mutant Kit suggesting it may be an effective agent in the clinical setting against Kit-associated malignancies.
The Missed Diagnosis: Overview

When is an error simply an unfortunate mistake and when is it malpractice? Despite years of debate and numerous judicial proceedings, whether a missed radiographic diagnosis constitutes malpractice remains a vexing question without a practical answer.
Effectiveness of a Web-Based Electronic Prospective Data Collection Tool for Surgical Data in Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the Outcomes Management and Evaluation (OME) system, a prospectively designed electronic data collection tool, for collecting comprehensive and standardized surgical data in shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Surgical data from the first 100 cases of shoulder arthroplasty that were collected into the OME database were analyzed. Surgeons completed a traditional narrative operative note and also an OME case report using an encrypted smartphone. A blinded reviewer extracted data from the operative notes and implant logs in the electronic medical records (EMR) by manual chart review. OME and EMR data were compared with regard to data counts and agreement between 39 variables related to preoperative pathology, including rotator cuff status and glenoid wear, and surgical procedures. Data counts were assessed using both raw percentages and with McNemar's test (with continuity correction). Agreement of nominal variables was analyzed using Cohen's unweighted kappa (κ) and of ordinal variables using the linearly weighted Cohen's test. Efficiency was assessed by calculating the median time needed to complete OME. Results Compared to the EMR, the OME database had significantly higher data counts for 56% (22 of 39) of the variables assessed. A high level of proportional and statistical agreement was demonstrated between the data in the two datasets. 10 of 39 variables had 100% agreement but could not be statistically compared because both datasets had the same single response under those variables. Among the 29 variables that were compared, 79% (23 of 29) of variables had >80% raw proportional agreement, and 69% (20 of 29) of variables showed at least substantial agreement (κ > 0.6). The median time for completing OME surgery data entry was 92 seconds (IQR 70 – 126). Conclusion The prospectively designed, electronic data entry system (OME) is an efficient and valid tool for collecting comprehensive and standardized surgical data on shoulder arthroplasty. Level of Evidence Level IV
Hypofractionated radiation therapy for treatment of an adrenal mass in a ferret

Abstract Background: Ferret hyperadrenocorticism is the most common endocrine disease among domesticated ferrets. Current therapies include adrenalectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. Radiation therapy was used as an alternative noninvasive local therapy option. Case presentation: A 5-year-old male castrated ferret originally presented for pollakiuria. An abdominal ultrasound evaluation revealed an enlarged right adrenal gland with heterogenous parenchyma. Hypofractionated radiation therapy for treatment of the right adrenal mass was planned and performed using a small animal irradiator system. The prescribed radiation protocol was 30 Gray administered in 5 weekly fractions. The volume of the irradiated adrenal mass was serially quantified via the weekly cone beam CT. The adrenal mass volume decreased by 88% over the 10-month period. The ferret was euthanized 10 months postradiation therapy due to progressive co-morbidities, and the body was submitted for necropsy examination. No evidence of adrenal tissue or neoplastic tissue was found on histopathology of the irradiated right adrenal mass at the time of death. Evidence of systemic mycobacteriosis was discovered on necropsy. Conclusion and case relevance: Based on histopathologic evaluation, a complete response was achieved with hypofractionated radiation therapy of the right adrenal mass. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach.
Analysis and geometry on manifolds with integral Ricci curvature bounds. II

We extend several geometrical results for manifolds with lower Ricci curvature bounds to situations where one has integral lower bounds. In particular we generalize Colding’s volume convergence results and extend the Cheeger-Colding splitting theorem.
The Purification and Subunit Structure of Cysteine Desulfhydrase from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract The inducible enzyme, cysteine desulfhydrase, was purified from Salmonella typhimurium to a state of near homogeneity. This enzyme has a very low tryptophanase activity, lacks cystathionase and tryptophan synthetase activities, and appears to be a specific cysteine desulfhydrase. The purified native enzyme has an s20,w of 10.4 and a molecular weight of 229,000 as determined by equilibrium sedimentation. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate showed a single species of polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 37,000 while the pyridoxal phosphate content was found to be 1 mole per 37,700 g of protein. These data, together with the results of amino acid analyses, tryptic peptide maps, and an NH2-terminal amino acid analysis, indicate that the native enzyme is a hexamer, containing 6 moles of pyridoxal phosphate, and composed of six identical polypeptide chains with NH2-terminal serines.
Greatly enhanced deep space mission data return using very large dsn arrays

The purposes of the Array System are: To fulfill the mission needs for higher data rates in the post-2010 era - Reduce the cost per data bit by two orders of magnitude. Specific Goal: Achieve a factor of 10 increase in DSN reception capability per decade from 2012 through 2027 (an average of 1 dB per year).
High resolution interferometry of cool stars

This paper reviews results obtained in a program of high resolution infrared spectroscopy of K and M giants. The reported results include (i) a preliminary analysis of the C, N and O abundances for α Ori, (ii) determinations of the 12C/13C and 16O/18O ratios for α Ori (12C/13C ~ 6 and 16O/18O ~ 500), (iii) the derivation of a lower limit, 16O/18O ≳ 300, for the 16O/18O ratio in α Boo, (iv) a discussion of observations of the SiO first-overtone vibration-rotation bands in M stars, and (v) a search for the fundamental quadrupole vibration-rotation lines of H2.
Abstract P341: Poor Childhood Dental Care: A Risk Factor for the Development of Coronary Artery Disease and Potential New Target for CAD Prevention

Background: Accumulating evidence supports a relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanism of the increase in CAD among PD patients is thought to involve chronic inflammation resulting from PD. As a result, the American Academy of Periodontology recommends screening for CAD in patients with severe PD. In the present study we hypothesized that preventive dental care in childhood would be associated with reduced CAD in adulthood, and that this effect would be independent of traditional CAD risk factors. Methods: Patients (n=223) at a single dental clinic were invited to answer a questionnaire regarding present CAD and PD disease as well as risk factors for CAD. In addition, a detailed history of childhood dental care was obtained. Results: Ninety-one patients (41%) had CAD and 72 (32%) had PD. Significantly more patients with PD reported a history of CAD vs. those without PD (51% vs. 29%, p=0.002). Patients who reported a history of regular dental checkups and prophylaxis as children had significantly less CAD compared to those without regular childhood dental care (24% vs. 54%, p<0.001). In contrast, there was no difference in prevalence of CAD among patients who reported regular dental brushing in childhood vs. those who did not (33% vs. 40%, p=NS), suggesting that professional dental prophylaxis was required for achievement of a CAD-protective effect. In a logistic regression model, poor childhood dental care remained strongly associated with CAD even the traditional risk factors of smoking, hypertension, and male sex were controlled for. The relationship between childhood dental care and CAD did not appear to be wholly explained by the occurrence of PD in patients with poor dental care: even in patients without PD, childhood dental care remained associated with reduced CAD (20% with dental care vs. 43% without dental care, p=0.002). Conclusions: Poor childhood prophylactic dental care is a potential new risk factor for development of CAD. Screening for poor dental care in addition to traditional risk factors may add to the assessment of CAD risk, and including dental education and intervention in programs targeted to reduce CAD risk factors in adolescents may impact on the incidence of CAD in adults.
Time Course of ADCW Changes in Ischemic Stroke

To the Editor: Our laboratory team was excited to learn of the observation that there is an early increase in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) at the edge of ischemic lesions during stroke.1 We have recently completed a study that actually predicts this result and provides a potential explanation.2 Using 1000-μm-thick hippocampal brain slices as a model of the ischemic penumbra and a series of radiotracer molecules, we observed an increase in the rate of extracellular diffusion under ischemic conditions. Even though the extracellular space (ECS) was modestly reduced in volume in these slices, the diffusion coefficient rose with all …
The detection of clinically significant erythrocyte alloantibodies using a human mononuclear phagocyte assay

Red blood cell (RBC) allo- or autoantibodies, which markedly reduce the survival of transfused or autologous RBC, are considered to be clinically significant antibodies. The occurrence of antibodies against high-incidence antigens, which are occasionally associated with clinically significant RBC destruction or are of unknown clinical significance, often creates delays in providing blood to patients. In the majority of cases these antibodies are benign; however, clinically significant examples of these antibodies have been reported. An in vitro homologous human mononuclear phagocyte assay (MPA) was used to study antibodies directed against specificities associated with variable clinical significance. Two antibodies reported to be clinically significant and 25 antibodies known to be clinically insignificant were tested by MPA. The results indicate that clinically significant antibodies have a significantly higher score than do clinically insignificant antibodies, with no overlap observed between the two groups. An additional eight antibodies with unknown clinical significance were tested. None of these antibodies had scores in the clinically significant range.
Combination of Hi‐net and KiK‐net Data for Deconvolution Interferometry

Abstract Application of deconvolution interferometry to wavefields observed by KiK‐net, a strong‐motion recording network in Japan, is useful for estimating wave velocities and S ‐wave splitting in the near surface. At the location of the borehole accelerometer of each KiK‐net station, a velocity sensor is also installed as a part of a high‐sensitivity seismograph network (Hi‐net). I present a technique that uses both Hi‐net and KiK‐net records for computing deconvolution interferometry. The deconvolved waveform obtained from the combination of Hi‐net and KiK‐net data is similar to the waveform computed from KiK‐net data only. This similarity in the waveforms indicates that one can use Hi‐net wavefields for deconvolution interferometry. Because Hi‐net records have a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and high dynamic resolution, SNR and quality of amplitude and phase of deconvolved waveforms can be improved with Hi‐net data. These advantages are especially important for short‐time moving‐window seismic interferometry and deconvolution interferometry using coda waves.
105 Million years of igneous activity, Wrangell, Alaska, to Prince Rupert, British Columbia

The Coast Mountains orogen, which lies along coastal British Columbia and southeastern Alaska, records extensive Mesozoic and Cenozoic igneous activity. Here we focus on the two youngest periods: 105-50 Ma and 30 Ma - present. The history of subduction, orogen uplift, and, finally, extension associated with this magmatic activity can be related to plate motion since the mid-Cretaceous. The 105-50 Ma period is related to terrane accretion and subduction. The northwest-southeast-trending Coast shear zone divides the resulting Coast Mountains calc-alkaline continental margin batholith into a western (105-90 Ma) and an eastern (80-50 Ma) arc. Melting of hydrous mantle overlying a dehydrating slab generated the plutons of the western arc. The plutons of the eastern arc show a wider range of compositions. Their origin consists of mantle melts modified by melts from lower crustal rocks of continental affinity and possibly amphibolitic hydrated basalt. In both parts of the arc, igneous bodies also resulted from crustal melting; these are very abundant in the eastern arc. During the younger period bi-modal igneous suites consisting of mantle-derived mafic magmas and coeval crustal melts are associated with crustal extension and block faulting.
MINORITIES IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL 1952-1987: Collector Cards Show Who Played Where

We inspected over 4000 baseball cards every fifth season from 1952 through 1987. We found that among whites, pitchers and catchers were overrepresented and fielders were underrepresented, whereas t...
Alterations in nasal respiration and nasal airway size following superior repositioning of the maxilla

Twenty patients who underwent superior repositioning of the maxilla via Le Fort I down fracture had their respiratory mode and nasal cross-sectional area determined prior to and 6 months following surgery. Inductive plethysmography and nasal air flow techniques were used in the determination of these parameters. Prior to surgery, five patients were nasal breathers, five were predominantly nasal breathers, six were oral-nasal breathers, and four were predominantly oral breathers. Nine patients had inadequate nasal airways. Six months following surgery, 14 patients were nasal breathers and six were predominantly nasal breathers. Sixteen patients had adequate nasal airways, three had borderline nasal airways and one had an inadequate nasal airway postsurgically. These findings suggest that superior repositioning of the maxilla by Le Fort I down fracture does not adversely affect nasal respiration. Nasal function actually improved in 17 of the 20 subjects studied.
Mapping sea-surface roughness using microwave radiometry

Microwave radiometry data (1.55 cm) taken by aircraft over the Salton Sea have been corrected for viewing angle and atmospheric effects, rectified, and mapped. No fetch-limited conditions are observed along the upwind shore despite a 15 m/sec wind, which indicates that the radiometer is sensitive to the short wavelength surface roughness but not to the longer wavelengths. The brightness temperature field can be represented as a nearly linear function of the surface wind speed.
The correlation between composition and electrochemical properties of metal hydride electrodes

This paper is concerned with an overview of the properties of metal hydride electrodes used for battery applications. The emphasis is on the properties of AB5 electrodes but others are treated as well. The review begins with a brief discussion of the pertinent chemistry of hydrogen in metals, the properties of intermetallic hydrides and their relation to electrochemical behavior. Systematic guidelines which permit the modification of such properties for electrochemical applications are discussed. The electrochemical behaviors of certain specific AB5 alloy electrodes are covered in detail, emphasizing the effects of composition changes with respect to both the A and the B components. The consequences of electrode expansion and contraction with respect to hydride formation and decomposition are discussed quantitatively. Novel alloy compositions and phases are noted and evaluated. The attractive properties of cobalt-free, non-stoichiometric AB5+x electrodes are noted.
EPR measurements on the Gd3+ ion in rare-earth trichloride hexahydrate hosts and predictions of the linear point-charge model

Abstract More accurate EPR experimental results than hitherto and the resulting spin-Hamiltonian parameters blm for the Gd3+ ion in the rare-earth trichloride hexahydrate (RTH) hosts are presented. An investigation is made of the extent to which the changes in the host lattice parameters and in the host-ion radius as they contribute to the point-charge calculation of the crystal-field parameters Alm for the Gd3+ ion embedded in RTH hosts, can explain these experimental results. It is found using the point-charge model, plus the assumption of a linear relationship between Alm and blm, that these effects do not fully explain the observed systematics.
Posterior longitudinal ligament resection or preservation in anterior cervical decompression surgery

We reviewed the literature to determine differences in clinical outcomes for the removal or preservation of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The outcomes are surgeon and case-dependent for both practices. A literature review was performed in PubMed from the years 1960 to 2014 to identify studies describing surgeries where the PLL was removed or preserved during ACDF. Searches were performed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and references included in the reviewed articles were also considered. Additionally we searched recent articles that cited those from the original search. The search yielded 79 articles and 115 pertinent citations. These 194 articles were reviewed for specific discussions of PLL resection or preservation. Four articles containing 122 patients were included in the final analysis. In 69 patients the PLL was removed and in 53 the PLL was preserved. Both groups improved in clinical scores during follow up. One patient in the PLL removal group had a cerebrospinal fluid leak. MRI and correlative outcome data suggest that a non-ossified PLL itself does not contribute to significant cord compression. Postoperative MRI of patients with the PLL removed showed a larger spinal cord diameter. Resection of the PLL is safe and common in ACDF surgery but there does not appear to be a demonstrable clinical difference in patients where it is resected. The ultimate decision is likely surgeon and case-dependent. Randomized trials could further determine the importance of PLL removal in ACDF treated patients.
Influence of ionic composition, buffering agent, and pH on the histochemical demonstration of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase.

The influence of the composition of the preincubation medium on the histochemical demonstration of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase, including a variety of carboxylic acid and non-carboxylic acid buffering compounds and neutral salts, was studied. In inorganic salt-free systems the rate of the activation of type I fibers and inactivation of type II fibers was accelerated when the carboxylic acids had longer chain length or multiple carobxyl groups. Of these factors, the number of carboxyl groups was dominant with a 100 mM citrate buffer producing a sharp differentiation between fiber types. In contrast, the time course of the response was exceptionally long in an acetate buffer. The time course of the ATPase reaction was also modified by other buffers at pH 4.60. The most notable were an ascorbate — glycine buffer system which produced little or no deviation from the alkaline preincubation staining pattern after prolonged preincubation and a pyrophosphate system which produced a rapid change. Neutral salts in the preincubation medium accelerated the time course of the inactivation — activation process with the order for the halogen salts of K+ being F−<Cl−<Br−<I−, which is a progression by molecular weight. The only sequence for cations on the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase was Li+< Na+<K+. The response to salts was concentration dependent. An interaction existed between buffering compound, type of salt, and pH. These experiments demonstrate that the histochemical differentiation of fiber types by the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase reaction depends upon a modification of some component(s) of the myofibrillar complex that can be influenced by a number of factors.
Teaching Adult Learners in Online Career and Technical Education

Online education is becoming an important component of career and technical education (CTE) in teacher preparation and at the graduate level. In the midst of such growth, and in response to questions about quality compared with traditional learning, there is a consensus that online courses and programs should be designed based on the needs of adult learners. However, much of the literature in online CTE lacks implicit connections to emerging notions of adult development and learning. This article provides an overview of the status of online education in CTE at the postsecondary level, discusses related issues and current research focus, and highlights adult learning developments and the implications for curriculum design, instruction, and use of technology. The article concludes with an outline of emerging trends bridging adult learning and online education relevant to career and technical education.
Female mice lack adult germ-line stem cells but sustain oogenesis using stable primordial follicles

Whether or not mammalian females generate new oocytes during adulthood from germ-line stem cells to sustain the ovarian follicle pool has recently generated controversy. We used a sensitive lineage-labeling system to determine whether stem cells are needed in female adult mice to compensate for follicular losses and to directly identify active germ-line stem cells. Primordial follicles generated during fetal life are highly stable, with a half-life during adulthood of 10 mo, and thus are sufficient to sustain adult oogenesis without a source of renewal. Moreover, in normal mice or following germ-cell depletion with Busulfan, only stable, single oocytes are lineage-labeled, rather than cell clusters indicative of new oocyte formation. Even one germ-line stem cell division per 2 wk would have been detected by our method, based on the kinetics of fetal follicle formation. Thus, adult female mice neither require nor contain active germ-line stem cells or produce new oocytes in vivo.
Increasing multimedia system throughput with consumption-based buffer management

In a multimedia server, multiple media streams are generally serviced in a cyclic fashion. Due to non-uniform playback rates and asynchronous arrivals of queries, there tends to be spare disk bandwidth in each service cycle. In this paper, we study the issue of dynamically using spare disk bandwidth and buffer to maximize the system throughput of a multimedia server. We introduce the concept of minimizing buffer consumption as the criterion to select an appropriate media stream to utilize the spare system resources. Buffer consumption measures not only the amount of buffer but also the amount of time such buffer space is occupied (i.e., the space-time product). Different alternatives to utilizing spare disk bandwidth are examined, including different rate-adjustable retrievals of an already activated stream and prefetching the next waiting stream. For rate-adjustable retrievals, we study buffer consumption-based and remaining-time-based criteria for selecting an active stream to increase retrievals. Simulations are conducted to evaluate and compare different cases. The results show that (1) minimizing buffer consumption is the right criterion for maximizing the system throughput with spare disk bandwidth; (2) in general, prefetching a waiting stream incurs more buffer consumption, and thus is less effective than rate-adjustable retrieval of active streams in maximizing the system throughput; and (3) the advantage of rate-adjustable retrieval over prefetching is especially significant when service cycle time is small.
Robust end point tracking control of a two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system

Abstract This paper presents an approach for designing a robust tracking controller for a two degree of freedom series mass-spring-damper system. Our approach uses the newly developed technique of model reference robust control for SISO systems first described by Qu and Dawson (1992) and more recently by Qu et al. (1992), and we specifically show how this technique can be applied to a common benchmark problem (Wie and Bernstein 1990) for robust control design. This problem is the development of a control that can force the last degree of freedom (i.e. end point) of a mass-spring-damper system to follow a desired trajectory. For this problem we show how a robust controller can achieve global uniform ultimate boundedness (GUUB) for the position tracking error of the system's last degree of freedom in spite of unknown model parameters and additive bounded disturbances.
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) vFLIP oncoprotein induces B cell transdifferentiation and tumorigenesis in mice

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is specifically associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and 2 B cell lymphoproliferative diseases, namely primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). KS, PEL, and MCD are largely incurable and poorly understood diseases most common in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we have revealed the role of viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) in the initiation of PEL and MCD by specifically expressing vFLIP at different stages of B cell differentiation in vivo. Mice showed MCD-like abnormalities and immunological defects including lack of germinal centers (GCs), impaired Ig class switching, and affinity maturation. In addition, they showed increased numbers of cells expressing cytoplasmic IgM-λ, a thus far enigmatic feature of the KSHV-infected cells in MCD. B cell-derived tumors arose at high incidence and displayed Ig gene rearrangement with downregulated expression of B cell-associated antigens, which are features of PEL. Interestingly, these tumors exhibited characteristics of transdifferentiation and acquired expression of histiocytic/dendritic cell markers. These results define immunological functions for vFLIP in vivo and reveal what we believe to be a novel viral-mediated tumorigenic mechanism involving B cell reprogramming. Additionally, the robust recapitulation of KSHV-associated diseases in mice provides a model to test inhibitors of vFLIP as potential anticancer agents.
Does Lyapunov relaxation yield the same time scale as intramolecular energy exchange

We report a study of dynamical intramolecular energy transfer in a realistic polyatomic molecular model system of cyclobutanone (C4H6O). It appears that for this two-degrees-of-freedom model system, Lyapunov relaxation does yield the same time scale as intramolecular energy exchange.
Suppression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice by treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an antioxidant inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB

Objective Proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are prominent mediators of the connective tissue destruction that characterizes abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a cytokine-responsive transcription factor that promotes macrophage MMP expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aneurysmal degeneration is influenced by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a pharmacologic inhibitor of NF-κB. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent transient elastase perfusion of the abdominal aorta to induce the development of AAAs. Animals were treated every 48 hours by intraperitoneal injection with either saline (n = 34) or PDTC 20 mg/kg (n = 49). Aortic diameter (AD) measurements were used to determine the extent of aortic dilatation before and immediately after elastase perfusion and again at day 14. Results All saline-treated mice developed AAAs associated with mononuclear inflammation and destruction of medial elastin (overall increase in AD, mean ± SEM, 169.1% ± 7.5%). In contrast, the incidence of AAAs was only 63% in PDTC-treated mice, with a reduction in the overall increase in AD to 109.8% ± 4.2% ( P Conclusions Treatment with PDTC inhibits elastase-induced experimental AAAs in the mouse, along with suppression of aortic wall NF-κB and activator protein 1 transcription factor activities, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and suppression of MMP-9. NF-κB is therefore a potentially important therapeutic target for the suppression of aneurysmal degeneration. Clinical relevance Development and progression of human AAAs is associated with inflammation and enzymatic degradation of connective tissue proteins. MMP-9 is one of the enzymes involved in aneurysm disease, and its production may be induced in part by activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. In this mouse model, treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (a pharmacologic inhibitor of NF-κB) acted to suppress MMP-9 and aneurysm development. It is hoped that treatment strategies that target NF-κB may eventually be shown to suppress the growth of small aortic aneurysms in patients.
Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of nano-TiO2 anatase in relation to bulk-TiO2 anatase

Abstract Several conflicting reports have suggested that heat capacities and the thermodynamic properties of materials change as their particle size decreases into the nanoscale. To further investigate this, we have measured the constant pressure heat capacities of three 7 nm TiO2 anatase samples containing varying amounts of surface-adsorbed water using a combination of adiabatic and semi-adiabatic calorimetric methods. These samples have a high degree of chemical, phase, and size purity determined by rigorous characterization. Molar heat capacities were measured from T = (0.5 to 320) K, and data were fit to a sum of theoretical functions in the low temperature (T T > 75 K), and a combination of Debye and Einstein functions in the high temperature range (T > 35 K). These fits were used to generate C p ,m ° , Δ 0 T S m ° , Δ 0 T H m ° , and φ m ° values at smoothed temperatures between (0.5 and 300) K for all hydrated samples. Standard molar entropies at T = 298.15 K were calculated to be 73.868, 66.072, and 63.845 J · K−1 · mol−1 all with a standard uncertainty of 0.002· Δ 0 T S m ° for samples TiO2 · 0.677H2O, TiO2 · 0.532H2O, and TiO2 · 0.379H2O, respectively. These and other thermodynamic values were then corrected for water content to yield bare nano-TiO2 thermodynamic properties at T = 298.15 K, and we show that the resultant thermodynamic properties of anhydrous TiO2 anatase nanoparticles equal those of bulk TiO2 anatase within experimental uncertainty. Thus we show quantitatively that the difference in thermodynamic properties between bulk and nano-TiO2 must be attributed to surface adsorbed water.
The precarious persistence of the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa in southern California, USA

We conducted surveys for the Endangered Sierra Madre yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa throughout southern California to evaluate the current distribution and status of the species. Surveys were conducted during 2000–2009 at 150 unique streams and lakes within the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Palomar mountains of southern California. Only nine small, geographically isolated populations were detected across the four mountain ranges, and all tested positive for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Our data show that when R. muscosa is known to be present it is easily detectable (89%) in a single visit during the frog's active season. We estimate that only 166 adult frogs remained in the wild in 2009. Our research indicates that R. muscosa populations in southern California are threatened by natural and stochastic events and may become extirpated in the near future unless there is some intervention to save them.