cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genital Herpesvirus Infections: Rationale for a Vaccine Strategy

Studies of genital herpes in pregnancy have been a major source of new knowledge about the herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections of the genital tract and the epidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 transmission by sexual contact. The transmission of HSV to infants usually results from exposure, during delivery, to maternal genital secretions that contain infectious virus. Since both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can cause genital herpes, neonatal infection can be due to either virus type, but most cases in the United States are due to HSV-2. Exposure to HSV at delivery does not lead inevitably to neonatal herpes. In fact, as is true for many other pathogens, most exposed infants escape Infection. Cervical infection is also much more likely in first-episode genital herpes as opposed to recurrent disease, permitting prolonged exposure during the birth process. Neonates infected with HSV have a very poor induction of active immunity to the virus. Cesarean delivery is recommended if lesions of genital herpes are present at the onset of labor. When a neonate is exposed to a first episode of maternal genital herpes, viral cultures of the eyes, throat, urine, stool, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are recommended at 48 h or when the exposure is identified. Higher antibody titers may also diminish morbidity even if the infant becomes infected, by enhancing the likelihood that the infection will be localized rather than systemic.
Diffusion MR of Acute Stroke

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging provides unique information on the state of living tissue because it provides image contrast that is dependent on the molecular motion of water. The method was introduced into clinical practice in the mid 1990s. Because it employs ultrafast, echo planar MRI scanning, it is highly resistant to patient motion, with imaging times ranging from a few seconds to 2 min. Diffusion MRI is the most reliable method for detecting acute ischemia and has assumed an essential role in the detection of acute ischemic brain infarction and in differentiating acute infarction from other disease processes.
Lack of Effective MUC1 Tumor Antigen-Specific Immunity in MUC1-Transgenic Mice Results from a Th/T Regulatory Cell Imbalance That Can Be Corrected by Adoptive Transfer of Wild-Type Th Cells

Glycoprotein tumor Ag MUC1 is overexpressed on the majority of epithelial adenocarcinomas. CTLs that recognize MUC1 and can kill tumor cells that express this molecule have been found in cancer patients, yet they are present in low frequency and unable to eradicate MUC1 + tumors. Patients also make anti-MUC1 Abs but predominantly of the IgM isotype reflecting the lack of effective MUC1-specific Th responses. Mice transgenic for the human MUC1 gene ( MUC1-Tg ) are similarly hyporesponsive to MUC1. We used a vaccine consisting of dendritic cells loaded with a long synthetic MUC1 peptide to investigate the fate and function of MUC1-specific CD4 + Th elicited in wild-type (WT) or MUC1-Tg mice or adoptively transferred from vaccinated WT mice. We show that hyporesponsiveness of MUC1-Tg mice to this vaccine is a result of insufficient expansion of Th cells, while at the same time their regulatory T cells are efficiently expanded to the same extent as in WT mice and exert a profound suppression on MUC1-specific B and T cell responses in vivo. Adoptive transfer of WT Th cells relieved this suppression and enhanced T and B cell responses to subsequent MUC1 immunization. Our data suggest that the balance between Th and regulatory T cells is a critical parameter that could be modulated to improve the response to cancer vaccines.
Preoperative Evaluation of the Cosmetic Patient

First and foremost, the surgeon should elicit from the patient those specific topographic facial features that the patient wants to have improved. Patients often express concern that their periocular facial features are communicating unintended signals such as disapproval (glabellar frown lines), tiredness (lower eyelid fat pad herniation or upper eyelid ptosis), worry, or ageing (crow’s feet). The face, as an organ of communication, is malfunctioning.1
Protease Activities During the Course of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

Three proteolytic enzymes have been isolated from sporulating cultures of Bacillus subtilis. These activities were, respectively, a protease inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) but not phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a protease active on both protein and ester substrates, and an ester-active enzyme with low activity on proteins. The latter two enzymes were inhibited by PMSF but not by EDTA. The specific activity of each was determined both intra- and extra-cellularly during growth and sporulation in a single-defined medium. All three enzymes were shown to exhibit a rapid increase in specific activity at a time coinciding with the appearance of refractile bodies in cells.
Expanding the Role of Reactive Transport Modeling in Biogeochemical Sciences

Earth systems are complex due to the intimate coupling of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the subsurface. Field observation and data analysis have provided significant insights into the coupling of these processes. However, mechanistic understanding often requires advanced modeling tools to quantify the role of individual processes while maintaining the process coupling that determines the overall system behavior. As a result, reactive transport modeling (RTM) has been used extensively to interrogate complex subsurface processes relevant to energy and the environment. Existing work has shown the significant research and educational advantages of RTM in elucidating mechanisms, integrating large data sets, testing hypotheses, and guiding the stewardship and management of water and energy resources.
ICBRT-an isolated channel base resistance controlled thyristor

A novel 550 V MOS-gated thyristor structure called the Isolated Channel Base Resistance Controlled Thyristor (ICBRT) is proposed in this paper. This new structure incorporates a p+ diffusion adjacent to the p-base of the conventional Base Resistance Controlled Thyristor (BRT) to improve its turn-off capability. The desirable gate controlled turn-on and turn-off features of the BRT are retained in the ICBRT along with separate turn-on and turn-off gates. A 70% improvement in the maximum controllable current density is predicted in numerical analysis and is confirmed by experimental measurements. This improvement is obtained with no sacrifice in device characteristics or process complexity.
Giant juvenile fibroadenoma: A case and review of novel modalities in treatment

A giant juvenile fibroadenoma is defined as a fibroadenoma greater than 5 centimeters in size occurring in the pediatric population. It frequently affects adolescents. Rapid growth of the mass may result in breast asymmetry and deformity. Varying techniques in surgical extirpation have been described in order to optimize aesthetics and minimize distortion. The advent of new methods to remove benign breast disease is in its infancy stages. Many practitioners are unaware of the novel options that are emerging in the treatment of fibroadenoma. We describe an excision of a 12 centimeter giant juvenile fibroadenoma and adjacent juvenile fibroadenoma using a strategically atypical incision that resulted in excellent cosmesis and contour of the breast without subsequent reconstruction. Multiple modalities of removing a fibroadenoma are described with a review of the associated risks, benefits, and long term implications as well as a discussion on the indication for reconstructive surgery in patients with giant juvenile fibroadenoma.
Effects of naloxone on glucose homeostasis during insulin-induced hypoglycemia

The present study was designed to examine the role played by beta-endorphin in the physiological response to the stress of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Three groups (n = 5, each) of conscious overnight-fasted dogs, chronically fitted with catheters in the femoral artery and in the third ventricle were used for these studies. Each experiment consisted of an 80-min equilibration period (0-80 min), a 40-min basal period (80-120 min), and a 180-min (120-300 min) experimental period. One group received a 220-min intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of naloxone (0.2 mg/h) beginning at t = 80 min. The second group received a 3-h intravenous infusion of insulin at 5.0 mU.kg-1.min-1 beginning at t = 120 min. The third group received naloxone at t = 80 min and insulin beginning at t = 120 min, and both were continued throughout the experimental period. The studies show that insulin-induced hypoglycemia was associated with a rise in plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucagon. Pretreatment with naloxone diminished the rises in plasma beta-endorphin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine without affecting the responses of plasma glucagon and cortisol. Although the levels of hypoglycemia achieved in the two groups were identical, glucose rates of appearance into and disappearance from the plasma compartment were higher in the group pretreated with icv naloxone (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional outcome of patients following open reduction internal fixation for bilateral calcaneus fractures.

Treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures has historically been controversial, but recent developments have led to resurgence in open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for displac...
Large-Scale Urban Modeling by Combining Ground Level Panoramic and Aerial Imagery

We describe an interactive system that models regions of an urban environment, such as a group of tall buildings. Traditional image-based modeling methods often cannot model such large areas due to error accumulation and limited camera field of view. Our approach widens the camera field of view by constructing a 360 degree panorama from ground-level images and uses a high resolution ortho-rectified aerial image to provide the building footprints. Users draw the building outlines in the aerial image and select a point as the approximate ground camera location. The method automatically extracts roof corners in the ground images and registers the panorama to the aerial image according to geometric constraints. The height of each building is calculated from an estimated camera pose. The resulting textured model of the buildings is constructed of planar surfaces.
SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND PAUSING A Study of Russian Speakers of English

The present study examines the relationship between second language (L2) proficiency and pausing patterns (i.e., pause duration, frequency, and distribution) in the speech of 30 Russian speakers of English performing two oral tasks—a topic narrative and a cartoon description—in Russian and in English. The subjects were divided into two oral English proficiency groups, high and intermediate, on the basis of a standardized test of spoken English. Baseline data were collected from a control group of 20 native English speakers. Statistical analyses were performed to determine: (a) the native norms of pause duration, frequency, and distribution for Russian and English on the two experimental tasks; (b) the effect of the level of L2 proficiency (high and intermediate) on the pausing of Russian speakers in English; and (c) the differences or similarities in pausing exhibited by native English speakers and native Russian speakers (with two different levels of English proficiency) when speaking English. The results of this study indicate that English and Russian informal monologue speech can be characterized as having different pausing conventions, thus suggesting that crosslinguistic differences involve, among many other aspects, contrasts in pausing patterns. Additionally, L2 proficiency was found to affect the pause duration of advanced nonnative speakers in that they were able to adjust the duration of their pauses in English to produce a nativelike pausing norm. It was also found that even highly proficient L2 speakers pause more frequently in their L2 than in their first language (L1). The examination of pause distribution patterns suggests that persons of intermediate to high L2 speaking proficiency make the same number of within-constituent pauses as native speakers. Overall, the findings of this study support the view that adherence to the target language pausing norms may lead to the perception of nonnative speech as more fluent and nativelike. The findings also highlight the importance of exposing L2 students to a richer variety of situations that illustrate native patterns of verbal communication.
Purity of crystalline protohemin IX

Abstract A complete elemental analysis of six different hemin samples, coupled with chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses and, also, several qualitative tests have enabled a careful assessment of various criteria of purity for protohemin. The only major impurity in a carefully prepared hemin sample is shown to be adsorbed solvent. Several interesting observations are given along with detailed analytical methods.
The role of tumor necrosis factor-α in gut mucosal changes after severe burn

Introduction: Gut mucosal homeostasis is maintained by a balance between epithelial cell proliferation and cell death. We previously showed increased gut epithelial cell death by apoptosis after severe burn which was associated with mucosal atrophy. Several membrane bound ligand-receptor interactions, such as tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNFa)/TNFa-receptor (TNFR), can initiate cell death. We hypothesized that TNFa/TNFR interactions play a role in gut epithelial homeostasis after severe burn. Methods: Anesthetized male C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to sham control, 30% TBSA scald burn, and 30% TBSA scald burn with neutralizing anti-TNFa antibody (200 mg i.p.). Burn groups were resuscitated with 2 cc subcutaneous normal saline. After sham burn or burn, all groups were fasted and given water ad lib. The proximal small bowel was collected 12 hrs after injury and assessed for histologic measures of atrophy and cell number changes by a blinded observer. Statistical analysis of data was performed by one way analysis of variance with Tukey’s test. Results: Gut mucosal height significantly decreased after burn which was restored with anti-TNFa treatment. When villus and crypt were analyzed separately, only villus height was decreased by burn, which was again abrogated by anti-TNF-a. Crypt depth was not affected. Cell number in the villus and crypt followed a similar pattern.
Reproducibility of Echocardiography: A Study Evaluating the Variability of Serial Echocardiographic Measurements

In this study, serial reproducibility was determined on standard M-mode (M-mode) and two dimensional guided M-mode (2-D M-mode) records for ten normal volunteers and 20 patients. Overall intraobserver variability in the normal group was 518 ± 1.8 percent (M-mode) and 3.1 ± 0.8 percent (2-D M-mode), and in the patient group 3.1 ± 0.6 percent (M-mode) and 4.7 ± 0.7 percent (2-D M-mode) (P = NS). Variability on serial examination, however, was twofold to threefold greater. In the normal group, reproducibility varied by 10.8 ± 1.6 percent (M-mode) and 9.4 ± 1.2 percent (2-D M-mode), while in the patient group, it was 8.7 ± 0.9 percent (M-mode) and 9.4 ± 0.7 percent (2-D M-mode). The lowest serial variability achieved was for the diastolic LV dimension on serial M-mode examination (4 percent); the largest variability pertained to measurement of the interventricular septum (14 percent). Other structures had intermediate variation in reproducibility. This study emphasizes that establishing performance variability for an echocardiographic laboratory is an important part of the interpretation of serial records.
Microribbon-Like Elastomers for Fabricating Macroporous and Highly Flexible Scaffolds that Support Cell Proliferation in 3D

Hydrogel-based scaffolds are widely used for culturing cells in three dimensions due to their tissue-like water content and tunable biochemical and physical properties. Most conventional hydrogels lack the macroporosity desirable for efficient cell proliferation and migration and have limited flexibility when subject to mechanical load. Here microribbon-like elastomers that, when photocrosslinked, can form macroporous and highly flexible scaffolds that support cell proliferation in 3D are developed. These microribbons are produced by wet-spinning gelatin solution into microfibers, followed by drying in acetone, which causes asymmetrical collapse of microfibers to form microribbon-like structures. Gelatin microribbons are then modified using methacrylate anhydride to allow further photocrosslinking into 3D scaffolds. The macroporosity and mechanical properties of the microribbon-based scaffold may be tuned by varying wet-spinning rate, drying temperature, choice of drying agent, level of glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and microribbon density. When encapsulated in the microribbon-based scaffold, human adipose-derived stromal cells proliferated up to 30-fold within 3 weeks. Furthermore, microribbons-based scaffold demonstrate great flexibility and can sustain up to 90% strain and 3 MPa stress without failing. The unique mechanical properties of microribbon-based scaffolds make them promising tools for engineering shock-absorbing tissues such as cartilage and intervertebral discs.
The network of sequence flow between protein structures

Sequence–structure relationships in proteins are highly asymmetric because many sequences fold into relatively few structures. What is the number of sequences that fold into a particular protein structure? Is it possible to switch between stable protein folds by point mutations? To address these questions, we compute a directed graph of sequences and structures of proteins, which is based on 2,060 experimentally determined protein shapes from the Protein Data Bank. The directed graph is highly connected at native energies with “sinks” that attract many sequences from other folds. The sinks are rich in β-sheets. The number of sequences that transition between folds is significantly smaller than the number of sequences retained by their fold. The sequence flow into a particular protein shape from other proteins correlates with the number of sequences that matches this shape in empirically determined genomes. Properties of strongly connected components of the graph are correlated with protein length and secondary structure.
Coronary ectasia: Incidence and results of coronary bypass surgery

Abstract Coronary angiograms were performed in 1,660 patients between the ages of 27 and 84 years. Coronary ectasia was noted in 42 (2.5 per cent) patients. These 42 patients were compared with an equal number of patients with coronary artery disease, matched for age and sex. There were no significant differences in numbers of vessels involved with significant disease, coronary score, main left or left anterior descending artery disease, coronary calcification, hypertension, or abnormal glucose tolerance test in patients with or without ectasia. A family history of coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension did not separate the groups, neither did serum cholesterol level. The serum level of triglyceride was higher in the coronary ectasia group (p
Computerized overwire (ball) measurement of tooth thickness of worms, screws and gears

Abstract The authors propose a general approach for computerized overwire (ball) measurement of tooth thickness for gears, worms and screws, with symmetrical and unsymmetrical location of two surfaces that form the space of the workpiece. The relation between the tolerance of tooth thickness and the variation of the measure M is determined. The basic idea of the proposed approach is based on the determination of points of tangency of the surface of a ball (wire) with the surface of the workpiece (the worm, the gear). The geometry of worms based on the existing methods of their generation has been analytically determined. The authors have developed algorithms and computer programs for numerical computations. The proposed approach is illustrated with examples of measurements of involute helical gears and screws.
The resilience of chemically modified cottons. II. Reactions of cellulose with formaldehyde under acid conditions

A study has been made of the reactions of cellulose with formaldehyde under acid conditions, where the fabrics are baked at elevated temperature. These treatments have involved cotton cellulose in a “dry” or relatively unswollen state and have resulted in the treated fabrics exhibiting improved crease rccovery both dry and wet. It has been found that boiling 1% acetic acid solution reduces the acetal contents of the treated fabrics and causes corresponding decreases in both dry and wet crease-recovery improvement. The reproducibility of these treatments, with respect both to extents of formaldehyde incorporation and to dry and wet crease recovery, is found to be very good within a single treatment and, more importantly, tietween different treatments carried out under the same conditions. The rates of acetal removal by the boiling 1% acetic acid and the relationships between acetal content and crease-recovery improvement have been found to be fairly complex. A study has also been made of the rates of acetal removal by boiling 1% acetic acid for samples of cotton card sliver treated with acid and subsequently heated in sealed tubes with paraformaldehyde. The rates of acetal removal in this case have been observed to be qualitatively similar to those observed for treated fabrics. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The specific heat of tin and gallium in their stable and undercooled pure liquid states

Abstract : The specific heats, C sub p, of tin and gallium in their pure liquid state over the temperature range from 632 for tin and 611 gallium to 425 and 245K, corresponding to undercoolings of 80 and 58K respectively have been measured. Over the entire temperature range, the C sub p for both tin and gallium falls continuously with increasing temperature through their melting point with no singular behavior there. The excess specific heat, delta C sub p, of the liquid over the corresponding crystal diverges with falling temperature from -0.38 for tin and 0.56 for gallium at their melting point to +0.27 and 1.04 cal/g-atm-K at the lowest temperature to which the particular specimen could be undercooled. For both tin and gallium, the specific heat at constant volume, C sub v, of the liquid at their melting point exceeds the Dulong Petit limit value of 3R, and rises with decreasing temperature. The excess specific heat, delta C sub p, as well as delta C sub v, of liquid over the corresponding crystal in the undercooled region is attributed to the taking up of configurational entropy with rising temperature. (Author)
Polyamine deficiency reduces the rate of DNA replication fork movement in Escherichia coli

STUDIES with microbial mutants1–3 and animal cells4,5 have shown that spermidine and spermine , and perhaps their biosynthetic precursor putrescine, are required for optimal cell proliferation. Mutants of Escherichia coli blocked in the synthesis of putrescine provide an important tool with which to study the cellular function of these compounds. Previous work suggested a defect in DNA replication during starvation for polyamines; infection of spermidine-starved E. coli with bacteriophage T4 resulted in a submaximal rate of DNA accumulation6, while polyamine-limited growth of E. coli resulted in about twice as much DNA per cell as expected from the growth rate2. Also, increased cellular DNA has been seen during thymine-limited chromosome replication7 and in strains possessing mutations in the rep locus8. In both cases, this change in cellular composition seemed to be due to a reduced rate of replication fork movement and an increased number of forks per cell9,10. We show here that the abnormally high DNA content during polyamine limitation also seems to be the result of decreased replication fork velocity.
Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure

I would like to congratulate Dr. Persson and colleagues for their recently published echocardiographic substudy of the CHARM (Candesartan in Heart Failure—Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity)-Preserved trial ([1][1]). Their results emphasize the importance of an objective evaluation
Longitudinal Tensile Behavior of Unidirectional Carbon-Carbon Composites

The increasing interest in utilizing carbonaceous-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix materials in high temperature structural applications has resulted in the generation of an increasing amount of experimental data, primarily for unidirectionally reinforced systems. While the longitudinal tensile strength and stiffness properties presently being achieved are attractive relative to those of unreinforced carbonaceous materials such as bulk graphite, they remain well below their apparent potential. Utilizing micromechanical analyses and taking into consideration the highly anistropic crystallo graphic structure of graphite, possible explanations for the observed properties degradation have been formulated. Suggestions for modifying the fabrication and thermal processing as a means of improving axial properties, and tensile strength in particular, are presented.
Biases towards internal features in infants' reasoning about objects.

Abstract This paper reports the results of two sets of studies demonstrating 14-month-olds’ tendency to associate an object’s behavior with internal, rather than external features. In Experiment 1 infants were familiarized to two animated cats that each exhibited a different style of self-generated motion. Infants then saw a novel individual that had an internal feature (stomach color) similar to one cat, but an external feature (hat color) similar to the other. Infants looked reliably longer when the individual’s motion was congruent with the hat than when it was congruent with the stomach. Using a converging method involving object choice, Experiment 2 found that infants prioritized the internal feature over the external feature only when the object’s behavior was self-generated. In the absence of self-generated behaviors, however, infants did not show a preference towards the internal feature.
Electrospun composite nanofibers for functional applications

In this article an outline of studies conducted to date utilizing the process of electrospinning is presented. This overview for the first time focuses on research of composite nanofiber synthesis and their applications. The phenomenon of bringing materials to the nanometer scale not only improves their properties, but also creates entirely new ones. The electrospinning technique is a simple and versatile method that offers a time and cost effective production of strategic combinations of polymer and composites nanofibers useful for numerous applications highlighted in this review. The future prospects of the field are also examined.
The mouse t complex distorter/sterility candidate, Dnahc8, expresses a γ-type axonemal dynein heavy chain isoform confined to the principal piece of the sperm tail

Abstract Heterozygosity for a t haplotype (t) in male mice results in distorted transmission (TRD) of the t-bearing chromosome 17 homolog to their offspring. However, homozygosity for t causes male sterility, thus limiting the spread of t through the population at large. The Ca2+-dependent sperm tail curvature phenotypes, “fishhook”, where abnormally high levels of sperm exhibit sharp bends in the midpiece, and “curlicue”, where motile sperm exhibit a chronic negative curving of the entire tail, have been tightly linked to t-associated male TRD and sterility traits, respectively. Genetic studies have indicated that homozygosity for the t allele of Dnahc8, an axonemal γ-type dynein heavy chain (γDHC) gene, is partially responsible for expression of “curlicue”; however, its involvement in “fishhook”/TRD, if any, is unknown. Here we report that the major isoform of DNAHC8 is copiously expressed, carries an extended N-terminus and full-length C-terminus, and is stable and equally abundant in both testis and sperm from +/+ and t/t animals. By in silico analysis we also demonstrate that at least three of the seventeen DNAHC8t mutations at highly conserved positions in wild-type DHCs may be capable of substantially altering normal DNAHC8 function. Interestingly, DNAHC8 is confined to the principal piece of the sperm tail. The combined results of this study suggest possible mechanisms of DNAHC8t dysfunction and involvement in “curlicue”, and support the hypothesis that “curlicue” is a multigenic phenomenon. They also demonstrate that the accelerated “fishhook” phenotype of sperm from +/t males is not directly linked to DNAHC8t dysfunction.
MODULATION OF PULMONARY Na-K-ATPase GENE EXPRESSION BY INHALED NITRIC OXIDE AND HYPEROXIA † 1626

Na-K-ATPase is involved in the regulation of alveolar fluid balance and preservation of gas exchange by maintaining the ionic gradient across alveolar epithelium. This enzyme is also believed to be involved in regulation of vascular tone. Exposure of neonates to high concentrations of oxygen often results in pulmonary edema, hypertension and vascular damage. Nitric oxide is suggested to regulate pulmonary circulation and reduce pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of inhaled nitric oxide and hyperoxia on pulmonary Na-K-ATPase gene expression. Mixed strain piglets (16-20 days of age) were exposed to >96% oxygen or to >96% oxygen plus 50 ppm nitric oxide for 4-5 days by which time all animals in both groups demonstrated respiratory distress. A control group of animals was exposed to room air for 5 days and developed no distress. Following the exposure period, the animals were anesthetized, lungs were surgically removed and total RNA was isolated using Ultraspec RNA Reagent (Biotecx Laboratores, INC., Houston, TX). Gene expression of Na-K-ATPase in all animal groups was determined by northern blot analysis using 32P-labeled cDNA probe specific forα1 Na-K-ATPase mRNA. Densitometric analyses of bands representingα1 Na-K-ATPase mRNA were normalized to 18S rRNA. Results showed that exposure of neonatal piglets to >96% oxygen significantly increased the expression of α1 Na-K-ATPase mRNA to 226±35% of control values(p 96% oxygen plus 50 ppm nitric oxide. These results suggest that induction of Na-K-ATPase represents a cellular defense mechanism against oxygen-induced pulmonary edema and that supplements of inhaled nitric oxide, at a dose of 50 ppm, may interfere with this cellular response under these conditions.
Electromagnetic Fields of Non-Equilibrium Plasmas

A statistical treatment of the electromagnetic fields of a fully ionized plasma shows that there are two types of radiation. One of the radiation fields is determined by the time change of the distribution function and is characteristic of such plasmas. When the time change is due to the many-body couplings of the charges in the plasma, the radiation can be related to the nonequilibrium stress tensor. In particular, for large distances the radiation is determined by the total internal pressure in a way similar to the classical Larmor formula for a point charge. Elektromagnetische Felder in Nicht-Gleichgewichtsplasmen Die statistische Behandlung des elektromagnetischen Feldes eines vollstandig ionisierten Plasmas zeigt, das zwei Arten von Strahlungen bestehen. Eines der Strahlungsfelder wird durch die zeitliche Anderung der Verteilungsfunktion bestimmt und ist typisch fur solche Plasmen. Wenn die zeitliche Anderung durch die Vielkorperkopplungen der Ladungen im Plasma verursacht wird, kann die Strahlung mit dem Spannungstensor des Nichtgleichgewichtzustandes in Beziehung gebracht werden. Im Spezialfall fur grose Entfernungen wird die Strahlung durch den inneren Gesamtdruck in einer Weise bestimmt, die der klassischen Larmorformel fur eine Punktladung ahnlich ist.
Correlation functions of hard-sphere chain mixtures: integral equation theory and simulation results

Calculations are presented for average segment-segment intermolecular correlation functions of binary hard-sphere chain systems, using the Percus-Yevick integral equation theory. This work is an extension of the particle-particle framework developed previously by pure systems. Analytical expression for the contact values of the correlation functions are a function of chain length, segment diameter and chain density. Monte Carlo simulation data for the correlation functions are obtained and compared with predictions from theory.
Heat transfer from turbulent air flowing through a cooled isothermal tube

Abstract A device was constructed to establish turbulent flow of air in a constant wall-temperature copper tube. The flow was fully developed hydrodynamically but developing thermally. Data on flow rate and fluid temperatures were obtained and reduced to an expression for Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. An existing equation for developing flow was tested in order to determine how well it fitted the data. The derived equation of this study has a correlation coefficient of 0·974 and a standard deviation of 6·03.
Diplomatenfrau between Two Worlds: Elisabeth Heyking's China Journal

In the context of German colonial representations of China, this essay focuses on the travel journals of Elisabeth von Heyking, a Diplomatenfrau , who lived in Beijing from 1896–99 while her husband played a key role in acquiring Germany's concession in Qingdao. The article examines Heyking's travel text as a mapping of her desires, anxieties, disavowals, and shifts in textual strategies as her vision for Germany's entrance into colonialism is destroyed by the competitive realities of the New Imperialism at the end of the nineteenth century. When her use of colonial representational strategies breaks down in China, Heyking moves to writing fiction. Her first novel of 1903, Briefe, die ihn nicht erreichten , was the best-selling novel of the year in Germany and was translated into several languages. This novel's conservative critique of imperialism diminishes for its protagonist the connection between home and nation. Because Briefe's resolution does not produce a replacement vision to modern imperialism, this piece of writing represents an unintentional contemplation of the impossibility of unified solutions grounded in bordered nations and binary gendered distinctions.
Moderate-field variable-range hopping transport

Abstract This work re-addresses the problem of hopping transport in moderate electric fields near the onset of non-ohmic transport. The focus is on a constant density of states near the Fermi level (sometimes called R-ϵ hopping). Although several theories for transport have been proposed for these conditions, we focus mainly on two percolation theories which lead to qualitatively different results. We attempt to understand the reasons for the differences. We also modify the theory of Shklovskii and obtain results somewhat different from his. Although more recent theories addressed the problem of non-ohmic hopping transport, they related to R-percolation, where the important issues appear to be rather different. This paper does not address directly the problem of a gradual transition from isotropic to “directed” percolation.
Catalysis of dehydrogenation of 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde by aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract 4-trans-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DACA) is a chromophoric and fluorogenic substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Fluorescence of DACA is enhanced by binding to aldehyde dehydrogenase in the absence of catalysis both in the presence and absence of the coenzyme analogue 5′AMP. DACA binds to aldehyde dehydrogenase with a dissociation constant of 1–3 μM and stoichiometry of 2 mol mol−1 enzyme. Incorporation of DACA during catalysis was also investigated and found to be 2 mol DACA mol−1 enzyme. Effect of pH on the stoichiometry of DACA incorporation during catalysis has shown that DACA incorporation remained constant at 2 mol DACA mol−1 enzyme, despite a 74-fold velocity enhancement between pH 5.0 and 9.0. Increase of pH increased decomposition of enzyme–acyl intermediate without affecting the rate-limiting step of the reaction. At pH 7.0 the pH stimulated velocity enhancement was 10-fold over that at pH 5.0; further velocity enhancement (11.5-fold that of pH 7.0) was achieved by 150 μM Mg2+ ions. The velocity at pH 7.0 with Mg2+ exceeded that of pH 9.0, and that at maximal pH stimulation at pH 9.5. It was observed that level of intermediate decreased to about 1 mol mol−1 enzyme, indicating that Mg2+ ions increased the rate of decomposition of the enzyme–acyl intermediate and shifted the rate-limiting step of the reaction to another step in the reaction sequence.
A phenomenological model for high Tc superconductors

Abstract We propose a phenomenological model describing the high T c superconductors. Adjacent Cu-O layers have negative Josephson couplings, forcing the order paramater to change sign from one layer to the next. The number of closely spaed layers determines T c .
Analysis of Hurthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Recent studies have indicated that numerical chromosomal abnormalities including changes in p53 and cyclin D1 may be involved in Hurthle cell tumorigenesis. We analyzed a series of Hurthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of numerical anomalies by DNA f
Metal-insulator transition in two dimensions

A metal-insulator transition was recently observed in a variety of two-dimensional electron and hole systems, contrary to the 20 year old belief that it is forbidden in two dimensions. The origin of this transition is still unknown and is being debated. In this paper, I briefly survey the main experimental findings and suggested explanations.
Micro-Scale Part Manipulation on a Liquid Interface Through Interface Curvature Effects

Microscale assembly has many factors that limit assembly rates [1]. At this scale, capillary interactions between particles and nearby substrates are significant, and can be utilized for controlling assembly processes [2,3]. Typically these assembly processes involve direct capillary bonding, but lateral capillary forces can also be applied to floating parts by changing the local curvature of the fluid interface [4]. In this work, we introduce some basic concepts of a microscale component integration system that utilizes local changes in the fluid interface curvature to manipulate floating prismatic parts. Two approaches for achieving fluidic micro-integration, on a water-oil interface, are proposed. The first technique is intended to individually acquire, re-position and release floating parts. It has the capability of short distance part translation/orientation. The second technique provides long-distance part conveying.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
High-fat diet enhances villus growth during the adaptation response to massive proximal small bowel resection.

Previous studies have shown that high-fat diet (HFD) enhances adaptation if provided immediately following small bowel resection (SBR). The purpose of this study was to determine if HFD could further enhance villus growth after resection-induced adaptation had already taken place. C57/Bl6 mice underwent a 50 % proximal SBR or sham operation and were then provided a standard rodent liquid diet (LD) ad lib. After a typical period of adaptation (7 days), SBR and sham-operated mice were randomized to receive either LD or HFD (42 % kcal fat) for an additional 7 days. Mice were then harvested, and small intestine was collected for analysis. Adaptation occurred in both SBR groups; however, the SBR/HFD had significantly increased villus height compared to SBR/LD. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction of villus enterocytes showed a marked increase in CD36 expression in the SBR/HFD group compared with SBR/LD mice. While exposure to increased enteral fat alone did not affect villus morphology in sham-operated mice, HFD significantly increased villus growth in the setting of resection-induced adaptation, supporting the clinical utility of enteral fat in augmenting adaptation. Increased expression of CD36 suggests a possible mechanistic role in dietary fat metabolism and villus growth in the setting of short gut syndrome.
Sensory cues that elicit ultrasonic vocalizations in female rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Female rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations during copulation. Female vocalizations are associated with darting and other proceptive behavior. In addition, females frequently call while approaching the male. A series of experiments was undertaken to determine whether female rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations in response to other rats or to their odors. Females were exposed either to bedding soiled by males or females or to devocalized conspecifics separated from the subject by a barrier. Females vocalized more to male cues than to female cues, regardless of whether the odor cues were from soiled bedding or from a devocalized con-specific. In addition, subjects vocalized more when presented with a devocalized female rather than a neutral stimulus. Furthermore, devocalized adult males, separated by a barrier, were more effective than either devocalized castrated or juvenile males in eliciting vocalizations; in turn, castrates and juveniles were more effective than neutral stimuli. Female calling was likely induced by odors from the male. In one experiment, the female subject was positioned in such a way that she could neither see or touch the stimulus male. Presentation of tape-recorded male vocalizations did not affect calling by the female. Vocalizations emitted by females in response to male odors may attract males or may facilitate subsequent copulatory behavior by the male.
Resveratrol prevents high fat/sucrose diet-induced central arterial wall inflammation and stiffening in nonhuman primates.

Summary Central arterial wall stiffening, driven by a chronic inflammatory milieu, accompanies arterial diseases, the leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in Western society. An increase in central arterial wall stiffening, measured as an increase in aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), is a major risk factor for clinical CV disease events. However, no specific therapies to reduce PWV are presently available. In rhesus monkeys, a 2 year diet high in fat and sucrose (HFS) increases not only body weight and cholesterol, but also induces prominent central arterial wall stiffening and increases PWV and inflammation. The observed loss of endothelial cell integrity, lipid and macrophage infiltration, and calcification of the arterial wall were driven by genomic and proteomic signatures of oxidative stress and inflammation. Resveratrol prevented the HFS-induced arterial wall inflammation and the accompanying increase in PWV. Dietary resveratrol may hold promise as a therapy to ameliorate increases in PWV.
Wigner function quantum Monte Carlo

Results obtained from a Wigner function quantum Monte Carlo simulation of resonant tunneling diodes are presented. Methods of introducing partial weights of electrons through an affinity as well as methods for incorporating negative values of the Wigner function are discussed. Results showing tunneling and correlation build-up during resonance are presented as evidence of a working model.
Analysis of lipids by high performance liquid chromatography. Part II: phospholipids.

Analyse des lipides par H.P.L.C. Hydrolyse enzymatique des phospholipides par des lipases purs purification des diglycerides. Benzoylation des diglycerides et des ceramides separation des alkenylacyl, des alkylacyl et des diacylbenzoyl glycerides
Interactions of 28-MEV Protons with HELIUM-4.

When He/sup 4/ is bombarded with 28-Mev protons the dominant reaction is elastic scattering, exhibiting a strong peak in the forward direction and a slight rise in the backward directicn. The dominant inelastic reaction is the inverse Butler or pickup deuteron process. The two remaining inelastic reactions observed, He/sup 4/(p,2p)H/sup 3/ and He/sup 4/(p,pn) He/sup 3/, have cross sections of 8.9 plus or minus 1.0 and 4.5 plus or minus l.3 mb, respectively. These are an order of magnitude or more smaller than the cross sections of the dominant processes. Of the remaining possible reactions--(p,pd), (p,n2p), (p,p gamma )--only the last was energetically possible at the beam energy used. It was not observed. This indicates a lack of evidence for an excited level that decays principally by gamma -ray emission; it also indicates that the inverse photodisintegration process, suggested by Flowers and Mandl, has too small a cross section to contribute in this energy region. The rest-frame momentum spectrum of protons from the He/sup 4/(p,2p)H/sup 3/ reaction shows no evidence of an excited level in He/sup 4/ in the energy region explored. (auth)
Comparing rebuild algorithms for mirrored and RAID5 disk arrays

Several disk array architectures have been proposed to provide high throughput for transaction processing applications. When a single disk in a redundant array fails, the array continues to operate, albeit in a degraded mode with a corresponding reduction in performance. In addition, the lost data must be rebuilt to a spare disk in a timely manner to reduce the probability of permanent data loss. Several researchers have proposed and examined algorithms for rebuilding the failed disk in a disk array with parity.We examine the use of these algorithms to rebuild a mirrored disk array and compare the rebuild time and performance of the RAID5 and mirrored arrays. Redirection of Reads provides comparable average response times and better rebuild times than Piggybacking for a mirrored array, whereas these two algorithms perform similarly for a RAID5 array. In our experiments comparing the two architectures, a mirrored array has more disks than a RAID5 array and can sustain 150% more I/Os per second during the rebuild process. Even if the size of the RAID5 array is increased to match the mirrored array, the mirrored array reduces response times by up to 60% and rebuild times by up to 45%.
Differential identification and localization of adenylyl cyclase and glucose transporter in brain using iodinated derivatives of forskolin

Two radioiodinated derivatives of forskolin, [125I]6-IHPP-Fsk and [125I]7-IHPP-Fsk, were synthesized as specific ligands for adenylyl cyclase and glucose transporter, respectively. [125I]6-IHPP-Fsk bound to bovine brain homogenates with a Kd of 9 nM and binding was inhibited by forskolin but not 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, cytochalasin B, ord-glucose. [125I]7-IHPP-Fsk bound to bovine brain homogenates at two classes of binding sites with Kd's of 56 nM and 4.7 μM; cytochalasin B andd-glucose inhibited 75% of the high affinity binding while having no effect on the low affinity binding. [125I]6-IHPP-Fsk and [125I]7-IHPP-Fsk were used to localize adenylyl cyclase and glucose transporter in rat brain by receptor autoradiography. The pattern of binding obtained with [125I]6-IHPP-Fsk was similar to that observed using [3H]forskolin to detect adenylyl cyclase. In contrast, the pattern of binding obtained with [125I]7-IHPP-Fsk was similar to that observed by others using [3H]cytochalasin B to detect glucose transporter. These iodinated ligands are selective for adenylyl cyclase and glucose transporter and require significantly shorter exposure times to yield autoradiographs than tritiated ligands.