cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural Course of Inoperable Lung Cancer

Of more than 7,500 men with nonresectable lung cancer with extensive disease treated on various regimens assigned at random, 1,068 received the best possible supportive treatment without any specific chemotherapeutic agent. This group of patients was reviewed for information pertinent to the natural history of bronchogenic carcinoma. The prognosis for lung cancer patients is usually poor. Median survival time was related mainly to patient's status at entry into the study: performance status using the Karnofsky scale, cell type and extent of disease.
Cellular growth of the placenta in twin pregnancy late in gestation.

Summary In order to establish the pattern of cellular growth in placentae from human twin pregnancy, the total placental concentrations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein were determined. Twin placentae from 31 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed from 40 pregnancies whose precise gestational ages were known. The study has shown that nuclear multiplication continues until placental growth in weight itself comes to an end. Increase in placental weight was caused by cellular hyperplasia without hypertrophy.
Citrullination of autoantigens implicates NETosis in the induction of autoimmunity

Tolerance blocks the expression of autoantibodies, whereas autoimmunity promotes it. How tolerance breaks and autoantibody production begins thus are crucial questions for understanding and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Evidence implicates cell death and autoantigen modifications in the initiation of autoimmune reactions. One form of neutrophil cell death called NETosis deserves attention because it requires the post-translational modification of histones and results in the extracellular release of chromatin. NETosis received its name from NET, the acronym given to Neutrophil Extracellular Trap. The extracellular chromatin incorporates histones in which arginines have been converted to citrullines by peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4). The deiminated chromatin may function to capture or 'trap' bacterial pathogens, thus generating an extracellular complex of deiminated histones and bacterial cell adjuvants. The complex of bacterial antigens and deiminated chromatin may be internalised by host phagocytes during acute inflammatory conditions, as arise during bacterial infections or chronic autoinflammatory disorders. The uptake and processing of deiminated chromatin together with bacterial adjuvants by phagocytes may induce the presentation of modified histone epitopes and co-stimulation, thus yielding a powerful stimulus to break tolerance. Autoantibodies to deiminated histones are prevalent in Felty's syndrome patients and are present in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These observations clearly implicate histone deimination as an epigenetic mark that can act as an autoantibody stimulant.
Secure hierarchical in-network aggregation in sensor networks

In-network aggregation is an essential primitive for performing queries on sensor network data. However, most aggregation algorithms assume that all intermediate nodes are trusted. In contrast, the standard threat model in sensor network security assumes that an attacker may control a fraction of the nodes, which may misbehave in an arbitrary (Byzantine) manner.We present the first algorithm for provably secure hierarchical in-network data aggregation. Our algorithm is guaranteed to detect any manipulation of the aggregate by the adversary beyond what is achievable through direct injection of data values at compromised nodes. In other words, the adversary can never gain any advantage from misrepresenting intermediate aggregation computations. Our algorithm incurs only O(Δ log2 n) node congestion, supports arbitrary tree-based aggregator topologies and retains its resistance against aggregation manipulation in the presence of arbitrary numbers of malicious nodes. The main algorithm is based on performing the sum aggregation securely by first forcing the adversary to commit to its choice of intermediate aggregation results, and then having the sensor nodes independently verify that their contributions to the aggregate are correctly incorporated. We show how to reduce secure median, count, and average to this primitive.
Effect of turbulence on the drag and lift of a particle

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study the effect of a freestream isotropic turbulent flow on the drag and lift forces on a spherical particle. The particle diameter is about 1.5–10 times the Kolmogorov scale, the particle Reynolds number is about 60–600, and the freestream turbulence intensity is about 10%–25%. The isotropic turbulent field considered here is stationary, i.e., frozen in time. It is shown that the freestream turbulence does not have a substantial and systematic effect on the time-averaged mean drag. The standard drag correlation based on the instantaneous or mean relative velocity results in a reasonably accurate prediction of the mean drag obtained from the DNS. However, the accuracy of prediction of the instantaneous drag decreases with increasing particle size. For the smaller particles, the low frequency oscillations in the DNS drag are well captured by the standard drag, but for the larger particles significant differences exist even for the low frequency components. In...
Prevention and induction of occlusive coronary vascular disease in autoimmune (W/B)F1 mice by haploidentical bone marrow transplantation: possible role for anticardiolipin autoantibodies

Male (NZW x BXSB)F1 (W/BF1) mice develop systemic autoimmunity involving autoantibodies, thrombocytopenia, lupus nephritis, and coronary vascular disease with myocardial infarction (CVD). To determine whether this murine lupus-associated CVD could be transferred to otherwise autoimmune-resistant (C57BL/6 x C3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) mice via W/BF1 T-cell-depleted marrow (TCDM) transplants, or conversely whether the CVD of W/BF1 mice could be prevented by the reciprocal transplant, reciprocal haploidentical transplants of TCDM were performed. CVD developed only in mice with systemic autoimmunity. Mice that developed lupus had glomerulonephritis and thrombocytopenia and also had elevated titres of autoantibodies to double-strand DNA, cardiolipin, and platelets and elevated levels of circulating immune complexes. Of control W/BF1 mice, 80% developed lupus, and of these, 81% developed CVD with a mean grade of 2.5 +/- 0.8. Engraftment of W/BF1 mice with B6C3F1 marrow protected 90% of the recipients from the development of lupus, and none developed CVD. Engraftment of B6C3F1 mice with W/BF1 marrow induced lupus in 60% of the recipients, and of those, 33% developed CVD with a mean grade of 1.3 +/- 0.3. The B6C3F1 recipients of W/BF1 marrow which developed CVD had significantly higher titres of autoantibodies to cardiolipin (aCL; P < .01). These findings show that genetic abnormalities present in the W/BF1 hematopoietic stem cells contribute to autoantibody development, including aCL, and suggest that thrombogenic mechanisms induced by aCL may contribute to the development of CVD in this form of murine lupus erythematosus.
Metal nitrides for plasmonic applications

Metal nitrides as alternatives to metals such as gold could offer many advantages when used as plasmonic material. We show that transition metal nitrides can replace metals providing equally good optical performance for many plasmonic applications
Reformulating the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation: Toward Parent-Child Shared Regulation

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood with nearly 7 million children affected in the United States. Nonadherence to controller medication is a substantial issue that results in higher pediatric asthma disease morbidity. The common sense model of self-regulation is a useful theoretical framework to understand chronic disease self-management in adults, but has not been used in the context of pediatric chronic disease. Using Fawcett's framework, the authors analyze and evaluate the common sense model. To conclude, the authors propose a reformulation of the model that incorporates parent-child shared regulation of pediatric asthma.
Young investigator challenge: Application of cytologic techniques to circulating tumor cell specimens: Detecting activation of the oncogenic transcription factor STAT3

BACKGROUND The circulating tumor cell (CTC) field is rapidly advancing with the advent of continuously improving technologies for enriching these rare neoplastic cells from blood. CTC enumeration provides prognostic information, and CTC characterization has the potential to provide more useful information for the clinical decision-making process in this era of personalized medicine and targeted therapeutics. Proof-of-principle studies have shown that CTC samples can be characterized with a variety of techniques in the research laboratory environment. The goal of the current study was to validate routine cytologic techniques and immunohistochemical markers in CTC samples in a clinical cytology laboratory, using inducible phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) as a clinically important example and Ki-67 as a positive control. METHODS Whole blood from noncancer patients was spiked with breast cancer cell lines with constitutive or inducible pSTAT3 expression and underwent CTC processing in the CellSearch system. The resulting CTC samples were subjected to various cytologic/immunocytochemical techniques and were compared with non–CTC-processed cultured cell controls. RESULTS CTC-processed samples showed a morphology comparable to that of controls in cytospin, ThinPrep, and cell block preparations. Immunocytochemistry for Ki-67 and pSTAT3 provided biological information from CTC samples, showing uniform Ki-67 staining across all samples, pSTAT3 positivity in the constitutive and induced cells, and an absence of pSTAT3 expression in the noninduced cells, as expected. CONCLUSIONS CTC samples can be processed in the cytology laboratory with routine methods. CTC morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis can be easily integrated into the existing clinical workflow, moving the field closer to a true peripheral blood liquid biopsy for cancer patients. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:696-705. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Panel Presentation: Human Factors Technologies for Space Exploration

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is supporting the next phase of space exploration with new spacecraft, launch vehicles, and ground control facilities. Because of the enormous engineering advances in the three decades since the Space Shuttle was developed, NASA will be able to infuse many advanced technologies into these systems that were not available when the current space transportation system was developed. However, technology infusion comes with many human factors challenges. For example, crew vehicle interactions will become more complex and interactive with potentially variable levels of human-machine function allocation (levels of automation). Crew training techniques will need to take variable automation into account. Advanced extra-vehicular activities may involve communication not only among physically isolated crew-members (perhaps on an orbiting spacecraft and on the lunar surface), but also between humans and remotely situated robots. Human systems integration techniques will use engineering advances and knowledge to ensure that the complex developments associated with this next phase of space exploration are safe and efficient.
Longshore Variability of Wave Run-Up on Natural Beaches

The longshore variability of wave run-up from a natural beach is examined using data from a large field experiment at the Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, in October, 1982. Two particular runs were selected for intensive analysis. These were chosen to represent a dissipative and a reflective surf zone condition, so have I ribarren numbers 0.97 and 1.81 respectively. The dissipative data run showed much more uniform statistics in the longshore than did the reflective run. Also, the dissipative run was dominated by the infragravity band energy while the reflective run was dominated by the incident band. Selection of several important frequency bands for frequency-domain EOF analysis showed that the lower frequency peaks appeared to be associated with leaky modes (very long longshore wavelengths) and the pier had little influence. On the other hand, higher frequencies were clearly influenced by the pier in both amplitude and phase. An interesting subharmonic peak from the reflective run appeared to be a low (but not zero) mode standing edge wave. A new technique,time exposure photography, is introduced. It allows the quick determination of longshore variability such as would be produced by a dominant standing edge wave. It can also be used to image offshore bathymetry and sand bar systems.
Isolation of a macromolecular constituent with properties of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus.

ConclusionsThe results outlined above including (a) the presence in the purified samples of a uniform and high specific activity, (b) the demonstration that normal macro-molecular constituents are largely eliminated by the purification procedures, and (c) the fact that the samples are relatively mono-disperse in the transparent ultracentrifuge provide strong evidence that the preparations consist of essentially pure Lansing virus.Presented at the Symposium of the Division of Biological Chemistry of the American Chemical Society on Biochemical and Biophysical Studies on Viruses at Atlantic City on April 12, 1946.
Surveillance of Salmonella From Broiler in Parts of Sichuan,2010

Objective To survey and determine the Salmonella pollution in broiler breeding and slaughter sectors,and to analyze strain sources of the pollution and drug resistance situation,so as to provide basic data for food safety risk assessment and the prevention and control of food-borne illness caused by Salmonella.Methods The surveillance spots were selected as chicken farms and slaughterhouses in Chengdu and Suining city.Samples including in vivo rectal swab and carcass of broiler,farms and slaughterhouses environment were collected and identified.The molecule typing of isolated Salmonella strains were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).The drug susceptibility tests of 14 drugs were conducted by micro-broth dilution method.Results A total of 417 samples from 1 farm and 2 slaughterhouses were selected.Totally 12 Salmonella strains were isolated with a positive rate of 4.84%.The isolated strains were divided into 4 clusters by PFGE typing.One strain isolated form Suining farm environment and 3 strains isolated from broiler carcass of Suining slaughterhouse shared the same PFGE type.Two strains isolated form Chengdu slaughterhouse environment and 4 strainsisolated from broiler carcass of Chengdu slaughterhouse,both sharing the similar PFGE type.All the Salmonella strains isolated from Suining were sensitive to all the 14antibiotics;however,the strains isolated from Chengdu performed different resistance on the 14 antibiotics,4 ofthem even could tolerate more than three antibiotics.Conclusion Salmonella contamination of broiler is presented in breeding and slaughter sectors in parts of Sichuan province,and multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were identified,which reminding further monitoring efforts.
MODELLING OF THE CLAD STEEL SLAB CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS BY USING TWO-ZONE ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE

Based on the process principle of eletromagnetic continuous casting clad steel, a mathematical model has been developed to analyze the two grades of molten steel flow and composition distribution in the mold. The low Reynolds number turbulent model was used to calculate turbulent viscosity and the fictitious solidified shell was used to simplify the solidification calculation. The two-zone electromagnetic brake was proposed to suppress the jet depth of molten steel based on the simulated results. Comparing between the experimental results and systematical numerical analysis shows the reliability of the model proposed.
Identification and 16SrRNA phylogenetic analysis of 2 Streptococcus suis strains isolated in Changsha City

The aim of this study was to identify 2strains of Streptococcus suis isolated in Changsha City and elucidate their phylogenetic relationship through the 16SrRNA.The 16SrRNA of 2strains was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)through universal primer of 16SrRNA.The products of 16SrRNA of 2strains were obtained successfully with length about 1 500bp.The products were sequenced successfully then the sequences were submitted to GenBank.And the sequences were compared with related sequence through online BLAST in NCBI,showing the 2strains of Streptococcus suis were Streptococcus suis type 2.The identification result through the 16SrRNA was consistent with traditional method.Then the phylogenetic tree of 16SrRNA was constructed through the Mege 4.0software.The phylogenetic tree showed that the 2strains of Streptococcus suis were at the same evolutionary branch with most of Streptococcus suis type 2and had the nearest phylogenetic relationship with Streptococcus suis 05ZYH33in Sichuan Province.In conclusion,Streptococcus suis could be quickly and accurately identified through the 16SrRNA and this method could be applied in rapid detection.The 2strains of Streptococcus suis isolated in Changsha City were Streptococcus suis type 2and was not variable in 16SrRNA gene.
Click Fraud Detection: Adversarial Pattern Recognition over 5 Years at Microsoft

Microsoft adCenter is the third largest Search advertising platform in the United States behind Google and Yahoo, and services about 10 % of US traffic. At this scale of traffic approximately 1 billion events per hour, amounting to 2.3 billion ad dollars annually, need to be scored to determine if it is fraudulent or bot-generated [32, 37, 41]. In order to accomplish this, adCenter has developed arguably one of the largest data mining systems in the world to score traffic quality, and has employed them successfully over 5 years. The current paper describes the unique challenges posed by data mining at massive scale, the design choices and rationale behind the technologies to address the problem, and shows some examples and some quantitative results on the effectiveness of the system in combating click fraud.
Leadership in American Academic Geography: The Twentieth Century

Michael S. DeVivo. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015. xiv and 210 pp., bibliography, index. $85.00 cloth (ISBN 978-0-7391-9912-I); $84.99 electronic (ISBN 978-0-7391-9913).There are many works on t...
Examining the Implementation of Technology-Based Blended Algebra I Curriculum at Scale.

Studies on blended education pay little attention to implementation, thus limiting the understanding of how such programs contribute to student math learning. This article examines the implementation of a widely used blended algebra curriculum and the relationship between implementation and student outcomes. The study was conducted in 74 middle schools and 73 high schools in 51 school districts located in seven states. The study included both treatment and control schools. The blended-curriculum combines inquiry-based teaching and learning with technology (math software). The study found that teachers implemented the blended curriculum with low fidelity. Teachers had most difficulty allocating the recommended amount of time for the math lab and content. The study also found that the blended-curriculum teachers in the second year reverted to more traditional approach to instruction and spent less time on inquiry based instruction than in the first year, although they continued to use this approach at a higher level than teachers in the control schools. The study findings suggest that teacher adjustment of instruction in the second year, specifically balancing the amount of traditional instruction with inquiry instruction, in combination to the use of the math software contributed to the performance of the program.
The Incidence and Portrayal of the Elderly in Television Advertising

Past research has found elderly persons to be underrepresented and/or negatively stereotyped in advertising. The present study briefly reviews the literature pertaining to the elderly and television viewing, the results of content analysis based studies of the portrayal of the elderly, and the findings of empirical investigations of the elderly’s views of how they are portrayed. Next, the results of a content analysis of 464 television commercials aired in 1990 is presented. Compared to the results of a 1985 study, it was found that more ads containing elderly persons are being used. However, a majority of the elderly continue to be cast in minor or background roles, and frequently appear in ads with members of other age groups present.
Promotion of cooperation in public goods game by Socialized Speed-Restricted movement

This paper studies the formation of cooperation in mobile networks following an Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) approach. Motivated by real-world human motions in mobile social networks, we propose a Socialized Speed-Restricted Mobility (SSRM) model to simulate users' movement. Interactions among mobile users are formulated as public goods game. To validate the SSRM model, we first derive its approximated degree distribution, and prove that exponential and power-law degree networks can be constructed from SSRM. Then we conduct extensive simulations to study the evolution of cooperation. In contrast to the recent work which concluded that random and homogeneous movement is harmful to cooperation, we find cooperation is in fact promoted in mobile networks driven by SSRM. This is mainly due to a reduction of randomness in users' neighborhood, as well as the degree heterogeneity. Results in this paper are helpful in understanding cooperative behaviors in mobile social networks. Our EGT framework can be further used to study the performance of specific cooperation-based protocols.
Chapter One - Challenges in Drug Discovery at Schering–Plough Research Institute: A Personal Reflection

Abstract This essay comprises personal recollections, ideas, and insights, gleaned from many decades of drug discovery research and development, identifying important trends in medicinal chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Drawing examples from the Schering–Plough Research Institute in the latter half of the twentieth century, a panoply of techniques and a host of scientists are presented addressing the challenges of creating chemical compounds to combat disease. Drug classes considered include anti-inflammatories, antihistamines, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, as well as anticholesterol, anticancer, and anticlotting agents.
An analytical workbench for system level multibody dynamics

There has been considerable focus in the research community on developing accurate models, as well as on fast algorithms for solving the equations of motion of multibody systems required for simulating the dynamics of such systems. This paper focuses on the less explored complementary topic of evaluating system level dynamics properties of multibody systems. Examples of such dynamics properties are the system mass matrix, Jacobians and sensitivities of these quantities. These system level quantities manifest the dynamical properties of the system and are important for design, optimization and control. While such system level quantities are often used in theory to describe the underlying mathematical physics of the systems, due to their complexity there is a lack of a systematic methods for computing them when desired. In this paper we describe a computational workbench framework that provides a bridge between theory and the computation of such system level quantities. This workbench framework builds upon the Spatial Operator Algebra (SOA) that has been used for analysis and algorithm development for multibody dynamics. Mathematical operator expressions from the SOA can be transcribed literally to the workbench command line to allow the easy evaluation of complex dynamics quantities. We use a specific Python/C++ implementation of a workbench called PyCraft to illustrate the structure and use of such a workbench. Several examples illustrating operator-based analysis and corresponding PyCraft-based computation are included.
“Dirty” Workplace Politics and Well-Being: The Role of Gender

We build and empirically test an integrative model of gender, workplace politics, and stress by integrating social role theory and prescriptive gender stereotypes with the transactional theory of stress. To examine the effect of gender on the relation between exposure to non-sanctioned political influence tactics (NPITs; e.g., self-serving and socially undesirable behaviors such as manipulation and intimidation) and stress outcomes, we employed a daily diary design with 64 employed adults over the course of 12 working days. In support of our hypotheses, exposure to NPITs––that is, “dirty politics”––elicited a threat appraisal that, in turn, related to the activation of negative emotions. Moreover, unlike men, women who reported higher levels of NPITs experienced heightened levels of threat appraisal and ultimately negative emotions. We demonstrate that pairing social role theory with the transactional theory of stress is a useful approach for researchers interested in better understanding gender differenc...
The Formal Analysis of Aspect

The presentation of the two-component theory of aspect has focussed on the basic notions and their realization in language. I now turn to formalization of the theory. In this Chapter I discuss the principles and rules that are needed to associate the surface structures of sentences with their aspectual meanings. Chapter 7 integrates the analysis into Discourse Representation Theory.
Early-onset pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).

e15736Background: PDAC is a leading and rising cause of cancer-related mortality. There is infrequent description of patients and outcomes with PDAC diagnosed aged <=50 years old (Early onset PC: E...
Rummaging through the Attic of New England

The concept of the circular economy has taken off, gaining momentum along with concerns about resource depletion, waste, and the impending ‘end of cheap nature’ (Moore 2014). Environmentalists and industrialists alike have promoted the benefits of reuse as a means toward improved efficiency and reduced resource pressure. Some have called for a new ‘culture of reuse’ (Botsman and Rogers 2010; Stokes et al. 2014). It is in this context that we explore repair, resale, and reuse as practices with deep historical precedent and contemporary continuity. Are there lessons to be learned from places that are already home to circular economies and strong cultures of reuse? And are there dangers inherent in a stronger, more formalized reuse sector? This paper draws on an historical and ethnographic analysis of vibrant reuse practices in the rural northeastern state of Maine. While there is a popular tendency to explain Maine’s persistent reuse practices as a response to economic and geographic marginality, our empirical observations suggest that these explanations do not adequately capture the complexity of reuse markets, discount the power of human agency and sense of place, and preclude important lessons for reuse policy in other contexts. Insights from Maine suggest that any effort to promote reuse would benefit from looking beyond purely economic rationales to attend to matters of place, sociality, and market relationality.
(299) The Effect of a ‘Stand Up and Move More’ Intervention on Pain in Older Adults

Older adults spend the majority of their day in sedentary activities (i.e., sitting, reclining). Currently, it is unknown whether interventions designed to reduce sedentary time have an impact on pain in older adults. Fifty-six adults (mean age = 74 yrs, SD = 7) from 3 counties in Wisconsin were randomly assigned to a sedentary behavior intervention (i.e., “Stand Up and Move More”) or a waitlist control group. The intervention, grounded in self-regulation theory, was aimed at breaking up prolonged bouts of sitting, and consisted of four weekly group sessions and one refresher session. Participants completed assessments at baseline, post-intervention (4-weeks), and at follow-up (12-weeks). Pain outcomes included the PROMIS (pain interference and current pain intensity) and the SF-36 (bodily pain) questionnaires, and sedentary time was assessed objectively (mins/day). Results from repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant reductions in pain interference and current pain intensity scores from baseline to 4-weeks in the intervention group (p
Experienced Subjective Well-Being During Physically Active and Passive Leisure Time Activities Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older

Background and objectives The encore years, or later life stages when adults enjoy health and free time, are the prime opportunity for leisure to maximize the overall quality of life. Physically active leisure is widely known to be linked to overall subjective well-being (SWB). However, experienced SWB or momentary emotion during active leisure as well as passive leisure has yet to be examined. Research design and methods Data were derived from the 2012/2013 American Time Use Survey Well-being modules. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to identify comparable matched samples of older adults. Results The PSM identified 211 older adults who reported a series of emotions (i.e., happy, meaningful, tired, sad, stressed, pain) during active leisure, and the comparable counterpart (n = 211) during passive leisure. Results from the Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests showed that active leisure was associated with greater levels of experienced happiness and meaningfulness, as well as with lower levels of sadness (p Discussion and implications Physically active leisure is linked to greater levels of experienced SWB among older adults. Although more detailed roles of active and passive leisure for experienced SWB are yet to be verified, choices that older adults make in their free time may significantly impact their experienced SWB and, in turn, their overall quality of life. Aging and public health policies should enhance accessibility to active leisure to promote older adults' SWB.
Making America less.

How does the relationship between political leaders and their followers affect attitudes and behaviours? Kunst and colleagues show that the psychological closeness followers experience with Donald Trump is associated with more willingness to endorse and engage in political violence.
Comparative study of tuning of microfabrication parameters for improving electrochemical performance of platinum and glassy carbon microelectrodes in neural prosthetics

Neural prosthetics, which are increasingly being considered for the dual functionalities of recording and stimulation, are implanted in a corrosive biochemical environment that requires them to possess superior electrical and electrochemical stability and performance. These probes are required to withstand these operating conditions through billions of cycles of pulses of electrical stimulations and also maintain electrochemical sensitivity for potential applications in voltammetry. In this research, microelectrodes made of two material systems; namely, platinum and glassy carbon, supported on a flexible substrate are fabricated and investigated for correlation between process parameters and the electrochemical efficacy of the neural interfaces, particularly charge storage capacity and corrosion rate. Using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, the correlation between process parameters, surface morphology and topography in both platinum and glassy carbon were investigated. The results demonstrate that changes in surface topography and the rate of corrosion are correlated to variations in the process parameters. Furthermore, the results indicate a relationship between surface roughness and corrosion rate, in which the increase or decrease of the former corresponds to a similar change in the latter.
Delusions in Dementia

Delusion is a common neuropsychiatric symptom in dementia, especially in Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Persecutory delusions are the most common, and include delusions of theft, jealousy, and abundant. Patients with persecutory delusions have impairment of the psychological processes mediating the formation and maintenance of normal social beliefs. Several disordered psychological processes such as attentional bias, attributional bias, jumping-to-conclusions reasoning bias, and theory of mild deficit may contribute to the delusion formation. Cognitive processes involving information about self, others, and social interaction are required in social cognition. Damage of the neural circuitry involved in social cognition ("social brain"), such as the medial prefrontal cortex, may be a neuroanatomical basis for persecutory delusions in dementia.
Co-delivery of 2-Deoxyglucose and a glutamine metabolism inhibitor V9302 via a prodrug micellar formulation for synergistic targeting of metabolism in cancer

Abstract The unique metabolic demand of cancer cells suggests a new therapeutic strategy targeting the metabolism in cancers. V9302 is a recently reported inhibitor of ASCT2 amino acid transporter which shows promising antitumor activity by blocking glutamine uptake. However, its poor solubility in aqueous solutions and tumor cells’ compensatory metabolic shift to glucose metabolism may limit the antitumor efficacy of V9302. 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG), a derivative of glucose, has been developed as a potential antitumor agent through inhibiting glycolysis in tumor cells. In order to achieve enhanced antitumor effect by inhibiting both metabolic pathways, a 2-DG prodrug-based micellar carrier poly-(oligo ethylene glycol)-co-poly(4-((4-oxo-4-((4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)butyl)disulfaneyl)butanoic acid)-(2-deoxyglucose) (POEG-p-2DG) was developed. POEG-p-2DG well retained the pharmacological activity of 2-DG in vitro and in vivo, More importantly, POEG-p-2DG could self-assemble to form micelles that were capable of loading V9302 to achieve co-delivery of 2-DG and V9302. V9302-loaded POEG-p2DG micelles were small in sizes (~10 nm), showed a slow kinetics of drug release and demonstrated targeted delivery to tumor. In addition, V9302 loaded POEG-p-2DG micelles exhibited improved anti-tumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, 2-DG treatment further decreased the glutamine uptake when combined with V9302, likely due to inhibition of ASCT2 glycosylation. These results suggest that POEG-p2DG prodrug micelles may serve as a dual functional carrier for V9302 to achieve synergistic targeting of metabolism in cancers. Statement of significance Unique cancer cell's metabolism profile denotes a new therapeutic strategy. V9302 is a recently reported glutamine metabolism inhibitor that shows promising antitumor activity. However, its poor waster solubility and tumor cell's compensatory metabolic network may limit its potential clinical application. 2-Deoxyglucose(2-DG) is a widely used glycolysis inhibitor. However, its clinical application is hindered by low efficacy as monotherapy. Thus, in this study, we developed a redox-sensitive, 2-DG-based prodrug polymer, as a dual-functional carrier for co-delivery of V9302 and 2-DG as a combination strategy. V9302 loaded POEG-p-2DG micelle showed significantly improved antitumor activity through synergistic targeting of both glutamine and glycolysis metabolism pathway. More interestingly, POEG-p-2DG itself further facilitates inhibition of glutamine metabolism, likely through inhibition of ASCT2 glycosylation.
Bringing down the walls in Business and Management Education: A textual analysis of economic education articles

In an effort to de-silo the Business and Management Education (BME) field, this paper employs text mining and analysis techniques to derive information about the location of the intellectual focus ...
Varifocal Storage: Dynamic Multiresolution Data Storage

Varifocal storage (VS) presents a new architecture that coordinates application demands, hardware accelerators, and intelligent data storage devices to efficiently support various input resolutions of system components, but still maintain the flexibility and quality without additional costs. Instead of faithfully shipping the raw data, the cross-layer design of VS allows an intelligent storage device to work directly with the running application to generate and deliver data sets in the desired resolution and quality before going through the narrower system interconnect. In this way, VS minimizes the bandwidth demand from the data source and allows hardware accelerators to work on received data without additional preprocessing. Without programmers’ hints, VS achieves 1.46× speedup on a computer with approximate hardware accelerators.
Hurricane Wind and Storm Surge Effects on Coastal Bridges under a Changing Climate

Hurricanes and their cascading hazards have been responsible for widespread damage to life and property, and are the largest contributor to insured annual losses in coastal areas of the U.S.A. Such...
Regional variations in medical trainee diet and nutrition counseling competencies: Machine learning-augmented propensity score analysis of a prospective multi-site cohort study

Medical professionals and students are inadequately trained to respond to rising global obesity and nutrition-related chronic disease epidemics, primarily focusing on cardiovascular disease. Yet, there are no multi-site studies testing evidence-based nutrition education for medical students in preventive cardiology, let alone establishing student dietary and competency patterns. Cooking for Health Optimization with Patients (CHOP; NIH NCT03443635) was the first multi-national cohort study using hands-on cooking and nutrition education as preventive cardiology, monitoring and improving student diets and competencies in patient nutrition education. Propensity-score adjusted multivariable regression was augmented by 43 supervised machine learning algorithms to assess students outcomes from UT Health versus the remaining study sites. 3,248 medical trainees from 20 medical centers and colleges met study criteria from 1 August 2012 to 31 December 2017 with 60 (1.49%) being from UTHealth. Compared to the other study sites, trainees from UTHealth were more likely to consume vegetables daily (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.04-3.17, p=0.035), strongly agree that nutrition assessment should be routine clinical practice (OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.45-4.05, p=0.001), and that providers can improve patients’ health with nutrition education (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.03-2.91, p=0.038). UTHealth trainees were more likely to have mastered 12 of the 25 competency topics, with the top three being moderate alcohol intake (OR 1.74, 95%CI 0.97-3.11, p=0.062), dietary fats (OR 1.26, 95%CI 0.57-2.80, p=0.568), and calories (OR 1.26, 95%CI 0.70-2.28, p=0.446). This machine learning-augmented causal inference analysis provides the first results that compare medical students nationally in their diets and competencies in nutrition education, highlighting the results from UTHealth. Additional studies are required to determine which factors in the hands-on cooking and nutrition curriculum for UTHealth and other sites produce optimal student — and, eventually, preventive cardiology — outcomes when they educate patients in those classes.
Comparison of Multislice Computer Programs for Electron Scattering Simulations and The Bloch Wave Method

As the demand for quantitative analysis of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images and diffraction patterns increases, questions arise about the reliability of computer simulations using different software packages and algorithms that are used for comparison with the experiment. Here, we compared five multislice programs, which are (with the exception of Cerius2) freely available, with each other and also a Bloch wave code. Since multislice method propagates the electron beams through the crystal slice by slice, the development of differences between the programs can easily be seen by comparing amplitudes and phases of different beams vs. thickness (Pendelloesung plot). We calculated Pendelloesung plots for InP [001] in zone axis and tilted beam orientations and the Si [111] forbidden reflections using the following codes: Cerius2, NCEMSS, Autoslic3, Multis4, EMS5 and an updated Bloch wave code written by J.M. Zuo4.
Locked Out: Engaging Design Students in UX and Access Design Processes to Address Homelessness in Los Angeles

The Design Department at California State University, Long Beach held an interdisciplinary design thinking and communication workshop, Homeless in LA: Access Design for the Other 90 Percent, on December 6, 2019. This workshop, facilitated by Ruki Neuhold-Ravikumar of the Smithsonian, was designed to engage a broad audience of stakeholders in a series of activities that explore the subject of homelessness in Southern California. This case study examines a collaborative approach to user engagement as a way to generate innovative strategies to address homelessness in our community and to communicate design ideas around this issue to a broad range of stakeholders.
Comparison between Oral Delivery of Eudragit RSPO Microsphere-Based Matrix Tablet and Conventional Matrix Tablet

The study aims at the comparative study of once-daily ziprasidone loaded polymeric microspheres-based (ZEmsp) matrix tablets (ZEmsp-T) as a sustained delivery system with conventional matrix tablets. The effect of variation in the drug/polymer ratio on the physicochemical characteristics of the microspheres was investigated. The optimized ZEmsp formulation demonstrated favorable mean particle size and drug loading along with sustained release pattern. After the selection of the optimized microspheres, matrix tablets were compressed with different direct tableting agents. After successful preparation and evaluation of ZEmsp-T, we found that batch ZEmsp-T3 and ZEmsp-T4, respectively. The optimized matrix tablets showed sustained release pattern of the drug release. The same parameters were evaluated for conventional matrix tablets, but results were not complies. Thus, results of this study prove the suitability of using Eudragit RSPO as a sustained release polymeric material to develop microspheres combined with different tableting agents to prepared matrix tablets were designed successfully for once-daily oral administration to avoid dosing frequency.
Original contributionChallenging pancreatic cancer-prone pedigrees: a nosologic dilemma

OBJECTIVES: Our objective is to describe 11 pancreatic cancer (PC)-prone families, none of which are consonant with known hereditary cancer syndromes, in an attempt to portray familial aggregations of this disease that might be encountered in a clinical practice setting. METHODS: We selected 11 families containing two or more first- and/or second-degree relatives affected with PC from a registry of 200 PC-prone kindreds. Each proband and/or key relative(s) was interviewed and completed a detailed family history questionnaire (after providing informed consent) that allowed us to extend the pedigree as far as possible with retrieval of primary medical and pathology documents, whenever available. RESULTS: All of the 11 families show PC features that merit clinical attention and raise questions as to whether this familial clustering could be due to “chance” alone, exposure to certain common environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking, and/or polygenic, multifactorial, or Mendelian inherited factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is estimated that about 5% of PC may have a primary hereditary etiology. Because of early death, reduced penetrance, and often profuse phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, particularly with respect to variable age of onset and association with diverse patterns of cancer at different anatomic sites, the pedigrees require extension for ultimate diagnosis. Physician knowledge about PC’s natural history and syndrome delineation should ultimately foster earlier diagnoses and possibly prevention of this disease. These high-risk patients may provide a source of DNA for formal linkage analysis in the search for culprit cancer-prone susceptibility loci.
Connection matrix pairs

We discuss the ideas of Morse decompositions and index filtrations for isolated invariant sets for both single-valued and multi-valued maps. We introduce the definition of connection matrix pairs and present the theorem of their existence. Connection matrix pair theory for multi-valued maps is used to show that connection matrix pairs obey the continuation property. We conclude by addressing applications to numerical analysis. This paper is primarily an overview of the papers [R1] and [R2].
Deposition and Characterization of Highly Oriented Mg3(VO4)2 Thin-Film Catalysts: 3. Effect of Exposure to Reaction Conditions

Abstract The response of oriented and amorphous thin films of magnesium orthovanadate (Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 ) to reactive conditions typically encountered during oxidative dehydrogenation demonstrates that these films are excellent models for bulk Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 powder catalysts. Fully oxidized films show little change in surface composition or chemical state upon treatment in propane, oxygen, or propane/oxygen mixtures at 673 K. As the films become more oxygen deficient, changes in both composition and chemical state are observed at the film surfaces. Reductive treatments in pure propane generally result in at least partial reduction of surface vanadium from V 5+ to V 3+ , and enhancement of the vanadium surface concentration. Oxidative treatments in pure oxygen reverse these effects. Behavior is highly dependent on sample history. Initial oxidation treatments reduce the magnitude of the response of the film to subsequent reduction/oxidation cycles, while initial reduction treatments increase the magnitude of the response of the film to subsequent oxidation/reduction cycles. These effects are purely kinetic in nature and can be understood from consideration of the chemical behavior of oxygen vacancies in Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 . These observations suggest that under reaction conditions magnesium vanadate surface composition may be quite dynamic, and that such dynamic variations must be considered when developing active site models for these catalysts. Comparison of the response of amorphous and (021)-oriented films provides a first indication that reactions over these catalysts may be structure sensitive.
The Tax Man Cometh: Constitutional Principles for Tax Enforcement

Passage of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) overhaul bill in 1998 reflects the depth of American taxpayer frustration with the agency. We bring a constitutional, or rules of the game, perspective to tax enforcement. We examine political costs and benefits and agency discretion as reasons why tax enforcement by the government might deviate from the preferences of a representative citizen. We also examine prospects for reform. Lasting reform must alter the rules for deciding tax enforcement policy or the political pressures which yield excessive enforcement today will reemerge in the future.
Analysis of overshooting top detections by Meteosat Second Generation: a 5‐year dataset

Overshooting Tops (OTs) are associated with deep convective events and can be an indicator of severe weather conditions. In particular they are linked to strong updraughts, heavy rain, and have the potential to form dense ice clouds which pose a hazard to aviation. In this article, the Infrared Window Texture (IWT) method is used to detect OTs in a 5-year series of observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager aboard the Meteosat Second Generation series of geostationary satellites. This dataset shows that substantial differences in time-of-formation and cloud temperature exist between OTs formed in different locations. In particular, it is notable that OTs formed over land tend to be more frequent and form later in the day than those over the ocean. Oceanic OTs, meanwhile, are shown often to be colder than land-based OTs. The conclusions drawn from this dataset match well with data from other sources, such as the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission. A severe storm over South Africa is examined both to demonstrate the workings of the method and to highlight both strengths and weaknesses of the IWT method.