cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-talk between the calcium-sensing receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor in Rat-1 fibroblasts.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated by extracellular calcium (Ca {sub o} {sup 2+}). Rat-1 fibroblasts have been shown to proliferate and increase ERK activity in response to elevation of [Ca{sup 2+}] {sub o}, and these responses are dependent on functional CaR expression. In this report, we examined the role of cross-talk between the CaR and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in mediating these responses in Rat-1 cells. This report shows that AG1478, a specific inhibitor of the EGFR kinase, significantly inhibits the increase in proliferation induced by elevated Ca {sub o} {sup 2+}. Furthermore, we show that AG1478 acts downstream or separately from G protein subunit activation of phospholipase C. AG1478 significantly inhibits Ca {sub o} {sup 2+}-stimulated ERK phosphorylation and in vitro kinase activity. A similar inhibition of ERK phosphorylation was observed in response to the inhibitor AG494. In addition, treatment with inhibitors of metalloproteases involved in shedding of membrane anchored EGF family ligands substantially inhibited the increase in ERK activation in response to elevated Ca {sub o} {sup 2+}. This is consistent with the known expression of TGF{alpha} by Rat-1 cells. These results indicate that EGFR transactivation is an important component more » of the CaR-mediated response to increased Ca {sub o} {sup 2+} in Rat-1 fibroblasts and most likely involves CaR-mediated induction of regulated proteolysis and ligand shedding. « less
Perturbative QCD corrections in Drell-Yan processes

The influence of lowest-order QCD corrections on the Drell-Yan cross section Q4(dσdQ2)(τ, Q2) is determined and compared with the asymptotic freedom (AF) corrections. The perturbative calculation exhibits the AF-characteristics of a (strongly) rising Q2-dependence for √τ≲0.1 (qg-scattering) and falling for √τ≳0.2 (qq-annihilation). Qualitative agreement between the two calculation methods in the entire √τ-range is obtained with αs = 0.3.
Interferometry With A Holographic Microscope

Holographic techniques are ideally suited for interferometric studies on dynamic systems and are especially valuable when adapted for use with a microscope. The holographic microscope and the method of hologram production is described as well as the basic methods for holographic interferometric microscopy (HIM).' HIM can produce interferograms in either one of two distinct ways. In the first way one obtains an interferogram of a subject by reconstruction from a doubly exposed hologram, where one of the two exposures acts as the reference wavefront. In the second way of producing an interferogram, one makes a simultaneous reconstruction from two separately recorded holograms. The use of HIM is illustrated by a description of two studies that deal with dynamic systems, one diffusion and the other a crystallization. One of the major advantages of HIM is found in the use of simple experimental technique and both studies used for illustration show that no complicated optics are required for either qualitative or quantitative data.
Three-dimensional behavior of geosynthetic tubes

Geosynthetic tubes filled with pressurized slurry are used for various purposes (e.g., as dikes or breakwaters). The three-dimensional behavior of such structures is investigated. The tubes are assumed to be comprised of two rectangular sheets connected at their edges, and to rest on a tensionless elastic foundation. As the slurry is pumped in, the top surface rises and the outer portion of the bottom surface lifts off the foundation. For tubes with aspect ratios of 2:1 and 5:1, the deflected shapes, mid-surface stresses, and contact regions with the foundation are determined with the use of the finite element method and thin shell elements. Wrinkling occurs close to the long edges of the tubes.
The effects of induced anxiety on pain perception: a signal detection analysis.

Abstract This investigation assessed the effects of induced anxiety on pain perception. Anxiety was documented by self-report verbal indices and physiological indices. Measurement procedures based on signal detection theory were employed to separate discriminability and response bias in reporting pain. The major finding of the study was that induced anxiety, as defined by the combination of physiological and verbal indices, decreases pain sensitivity and the tendency to report sensations as painful. However, induced anxiety as defined by less stringent criteria (i.e., physiological or verbal indices alone), decreased discriminability, but not response bias, and the decrease was less than in patients who were defined as anxious by the more comprehensive criteria. The importance of documenting anxiety independently of the experimental manipulation and the value of using pain stimuli producing sensations similar to clinical pain is discussed.
STUDIES ON THE EXTRACTION OF THE TESTICULAR HORMONE FROM TISSUES AND ON ITS QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION THEREIN

In this paper we are presenting the results from studies on the following aspects of the testicular hormone problem: A. Attempts to improve the yield of the comb growth stimulating hormone from testis tissue. B. The significance of the irregular yield of the hormone from ram testicles. C. The relation of the age of the animal to the concentration of the hormone in bulls’ testes. D. The examination of blood and plant tissues for this testicular hormone activity.
Conformational isomerizations of symmetrically substituted styrenes. No-reaction photoreactions by Hula-twist

Symmetrically substituted styrenes photochemically gave unstable conformers in low temperature organic glass in a manner consistent with the recently postulated Hula-twist mechanism of photoisomerization.
The second-look celiotomy in ovarian cancer

Thirty-six patients with primary ovarian carcinoma who had 42 second-look procedures performed are reported. Twenty-three patients had no tumor found at the second-look celiotomy and were given no further treatment. Thirteen patients had tumor at the second-look procedure and were continued on therapy. Six patients have died with disease and all had a positive second-look celiotomy. Two patients have died with leukemia but with no evidence of ovarian cancer, one after a negative second-look and the other a negative third-look. No patient with a negative second-look celiotomy has died with disease. A correlation with respect to the findings at the second-look was found with respect to the stage of disease and the amount of residual tumor at the initial surgery. The use of the second-look celiotomy in patients with disease in the early stages and in patients treated with irradiation is discussed, along with the utilization of the laparoscopy.
Toxicity of carbon disulfide in developing rats: LD50 values and effects on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system

The 24-hr LD50 values of carbon disulfide (CS2) were estimated in 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats. CS2 was least toxic to 20-day-old rats (LD50 1545 mg/kg, ip) and most toxic to 1-day-old rats (LD50 583 mg/kg, ip). Twenty-four hours after administration of CS2 (375 mg/kg, ip) to 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats, significant inhibition of cytochrome P-450 and aniline hydroxylation was observed in rats of all ages studied except the 1-day-old rats. Following incubation of hepatic microsomes isolated from 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats with CS2, decreases in activity of the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system and/or concentration of cytochrome P-450 were observed when an NADPH-generating system was present during incubation. When hepatic microsomes isolated from rats of all ages studied were incubated with C35S2, 35S was covalently bound to microsomal protein in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. Also, more 35S than 14C was covalently bound to microsomal membranes after incubation of microsomes isolated from rats of all ages studied with C35S2 or 14CS2 in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. The results of this research demonstrated the LD50 of CS2, the effects of CS2 on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system, and that the conversion of CS2 to a covalently binding sulfur-containing biotransformation product varied with age in developing rats.
Perpetrator and Family Characteristics Related to Child Abuse and Neglect: Comparison of Substantiated and Unsubstantiated Reports

Numerous reports describe the characteristics of child-abusing families but most of these lack a comparison group of non-abusers. This study compares substantiated reports of abuse and neglect to unsubstantiated reports. The 733 reports investigated involved 923 children and 682 adults. Age, prior insult, and unemployment were associated with substantiated cases. Substantiated cases were more likely than unsubstantiated cases to come from intact two-parent homes. Minority children were more likely to be seriously injured than were nonminority children. Younger women and those having legal relationships with the other adult in their household were more likely to inflict severe abuse.
Kin Recognition Protects Cooperators against Cheaters

Summary The evolution of sociality and altruism is enigmatic because cooperators are constantly threatened by cheaters who benefit from cooperation without incurring its full cost [1, 2]. Kin recognition is the ability to recognize and cooperate with genetically close relatives. It has also been proposed as a potential mechanism that limits cheating [3, 4], but there has been no direct experimental support for that possibility. Here we show that kin recognition protects cooperators against cheaters. The social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum cooperate by forming multicellular aggregates that develop into fruiting bodies of viable spores and dead stalk cells. Cheaters preferentially differentiate into spores while their victims die as stalk cells in chimeric aggregates. We engineered syngeneic cheaters and victims that differed only in their kin-recognition genes, tgrB1 and tgrC1 , and in a single cheater allele and found that the victims escaped exploitation by different types of nonkin cheaters. This protection depends on kin-recognition-mediated segregation because it is compromised when we disrupt strain segregation. These findings provide direct evidence for the role of kin recognition in cheater control and suggest a mechanism for the maintenance of stable cooperative systems.
Multicolor Quantum Dots-in-a-Well Focal Plane Arrays

This paper discusses recent and future advancements in the field of quantum dots-in-a-well (DWELL) focal plane arrays (FPAs). Additionally, for clarity sake, the fundamentals of FPA figures of merit are reviewed. The DWELL detector represents a hybrid between a conventional quantum well photodetector (QWIP) and a quantum dot (QD) photodetector (QDIP). This hybridization, where the active region consists of QDs embedded in a quantum well (QW), grants DWELLs many of the advantages of its components. This includes normally incident photon sensitivity without gratings or optocoupers, like QDIPs, and reproducible control over operating wavelength through 'dial-in recipes' as seen in QWIPs. Conclusions, drawn by the long carrier lifetimes observed in DWELL heterostructures using femtosecond spectroscopy, have recently backed up by reports of high temperature operation results for DWELL FPAs. This paper will conclude with a preview of some upcoming advances in the field of DWELL focal plane arrays.
19th-Century Italian: Manzonian or Deamicisian?

SUMMARYThe novelist Edmondo de Amicis (1846-1908) was an important figure in the discussions of standard literary Italian at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. In his influential book L'idioma gentile (1905), he advocated a compromise between two extreme positions, pro- and anti-Tuscan, towards the Questione della lingua or language-problem, which had been a subject of debate for over four hundred years. While supporting the claims of Tuscan usage to be regarded as a model, de Amicis rejected the doctrine favored by his fellow-novelist Alessandro Manzoni (the 'soluzione manzoniana') that the spoken language of the Florentine upper classes should be the only standard. Especially with regard to the value of dialects, de Amicis took a more liberal position than the extreme pro-Florentine purists of the 19th century. De Amicis exerted a strong influence, especially through the schools (where his works were widely read), and the actual solution to the problem of standard Italian after 1870 deserves to be called 'deAmicisian' rather than 'Manzonian'.RESUMELe romancier Edmondo de Amicis (1846-1908) joua un role important dans les discussions sur la langue litteraire italienne a la fin du XIXe siecle et au commencement du XXe siecle. Dans son livre fondamental L 'idioma gentile (1904), il suggera un compromis entre les deux positions extremes, pour et contre le toscan, dans les debats sur la 'question de la langue', qui avaient dure quatre cents ans. Tout en appuyant la doctrine de la suprematie du toscan comme base de la langue litteraire, de Amicis rejeta la doctrine du romancier Alessandro Manzoni (la 'soluzione manzoniana'), selon laquelle seulement la langue paree a Florence par les classes superieures avait le droit d'etre consideree come modele. Surtout en ce qui concernait la valeur des dialectes, la position de de Amicis etait plus liberale que celle des puristes pro-florentins du XIXe siecle. L'influence de de Amicis, surtout dans les ecoles (ou ses livres etaient tres populaires), fut grande, et la solution effective du probleme de l'italien litteraire apres 1870 merite d'etre appelee 'deamicisienne' plutot que 'manzonienne'.
Cytological events associated with in vitro aged and fertilized rabbit eggs.

The morphogenetic events associated with rabbit eggs aged in vitro for 12 to 50 hours prior to mixing with sperm have been examined by light and electron microscopy. After 12 hours in culture, morphological alterations of the meiotic spindle and the cortex of unfertilized eggs were evident. By 24 to 50 hours in culture, unfertilized eggs contained subnuclei, structures which formed when individual and/or groups of meiotic chromosomes dispersed and became invested by a double-laminated structure reminiscent of a nuclear envelope. Although most eggs obtained 11.5 to 12 hours after induced ovulation and in vitro fertilized displayed morphogenetic patterns similar to those described for in vivo fertilized ova, some (10%) contained three pronuclei. Many eggs obtained 13 to 15 hours after induced ovulation and subsequently mixed with sperm in vitro appeared to undergo processes of fertilization typical of in vivo fertilized eggs, however, approximately 30% contained subnuclei in association with the male pronucleus. Few eggs (15%) aged 12 hours prior to in vitro fertilization displayed patterns of pronuclear development and association typical of fertilized unaged ova. Subnuclei developed in many of the fertilized ova. Supernumerary sperm nuclei, which did not develop into male pronuclei, were observed in some zygotes. Cleavage of eggs aged 12 hours prior to fertilization was abnormal or retarded. After 24 hours in culture approximately 16% of the eggs fertilized. Seventy percent of the fertilized eggs failed to Support the development of a male or female pronucleus.
Effects of a Natural Fish Kill on the Water Quality, Plankton, and Fish Population of a Pond in the Big Cypress Swamp, Florida

Abstract A naturally occurring fish kill took place during the southern Florida dry season when receding water levels forced aquatic organisms out of shallow swamps and into a small pond. Physico-chemical parameters of water quality varied greatly from their usual range as did the abundance of phytoplankton which reached a peak of 2.5 X 109 cells per liter. The fish kill had no effect on the long-term limnological characteristics of the pond, as water quality returned to normal range within 2 months and phytoplankton disappeared within 1 month after the fish kill. The species of fish in the pond showed a range of susceptibility to low oxygen concentration and other aspects of the fish kill. They were classified into three categories based upon their survival: Notemigonus crysoleucas, Lucania goodei, and all centrarchids were eliminated rapidly; Fundulus chrysotus, Poecilia latipinna, Heterandria formosa, and Ictalurus natalis were either eliminated late in the fish kill or survived in numbers lower than m...
The relationship of engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions

The current study explored engagement as a predictor of job satisfaction and turnover intentions controlling for burnout. A survey was administered to 227 students employed at least part-time. Sequential regression was performed to explore whether engagement predicted job satisfaction and turnover intentions controlling for burnout. Results indicated that engagement was a signifi cant predictor of job satisfaction and turnover intentions controlling for burnout. The current study is the fi rst study to explore engagement’s role in predicting job satisfaction and turnover intentions controlling for more traditional predictors. The study addresses concerns about the importance of the engagement construct in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of random surfaces.

The interaction of two-dimensional quantum gravity with a set of conformal matter fields is considered. Following an earlier suggestion by Cates, we calculate the free energy of a spiky'' Liouville field configuration at a fixed value of the proper-time cutoff and including lowest-order quantum corrections. This free energy becomes arbitrarily large negative as soon as the central charge of the matter fields is larger than unity.
Minimizing Errors of Ocean Currents Measured by Electromagnetic Backscatter

The use of a single HF or microwave radar permits the radial component of the ocean surface current to be mapped for the radar look direction [1, 2]. The azimuthal component of the surface current can also be calculated by invoking the continuity equation for the surface current [3]. A problem with this approach is that the error in the calculated azimuthal currents becomes excessive when the number of pixels in the current map is large. In this paper we present a statistical analysis of the relevant errors. We present an algorithm which reduces the errors to alevel comparable to the optimum level that can be achieved. We compare the theoretical results with those obtained from a computer simulation of the process. The results indicate that surface current maps for large areas of the ocean are feasible using a single radar system.
Infarction of testicle and Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract The first case of clinical involvement and infarction of the testes caused by Schistosoma mansoni is reported. Although a rare phenomenon, one must consider this in the differential diagnosis of testicular disease in patients who have resided in endemic areas of S. mansoni.
Twenty-five years of pavement smoothness specifications in Georgia

The traveling public generally recognizes the smoothness of a pavement as a major indicator of quality. A newly constructed pavement can have excellent materials, mix design, compaction, and so forth, but if the public considers the ride rough, the quality is considered poor. While continually striving to improve the quality of paving materials in mix designs, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) began an effort in 1968 to attain the ability to accurately measure the smoothness of a pavement so that this indicator of quality could be measured and specified during construction. GDOT has been using response-type smoothness-measurement systems in its construction specifications for acceptance of projects since 1972 and since 1979 for both rejection and acceptance. The evolution of the pavement smoothness-measuring program in Georgia, the program operating procedures, and the current smoothness specifications are described. The long-term benefits of smoothness specification for pavement construction are also discussed, as is GDOT's effort to replace the Mays Meter trailer systems currently used with South Dakota-type, laser-based road profilers.
Optimizing complexity measures for FMRI data: algorithm, artifact, and sensitivity.

Introduction Complexity in the brain has been well-documented at both neuronal and hemodynamic scales, with increasing evidence supporting its use in sensitively differentiating between mental states and disorders. However, application of complexity measures to fMRI time-series, which are short, sparse, and have low signal/noise, requires careful modality-specific optimization. Methods Here we use both simulated and real data to address two fundamental issues: choice of algorithm and degree/type of signal processing. Methods were evaluated with regard to resilience to acquisition artifacts common to fMRI as well as detection sensitivity. Detection sensitivity was quantified in terms of grey-white matter contrast and overlap with activation. We additionally investigated the variation of complexity with activation and emotional content, optimal task length, and the degree to which results scaled with scanner using the same paradigm with two 3T magnets made by different manufacturers. Methods for evaluating complexity were: power spectrum, structure function, wavelet decomposition, second derivative, rescaled range, Higuchi’s estimate of fractal dimension, aggregated variance, and detrended fluctuation analysis. To permit direct comparison across methods, all results were normalized to Hurst exponents. Results Power-spectrum, Higuchi’s fractal dimension, and generalized Hurst exponent based estimates were most successful by all criteria; the poorest-performing measures were wavelet, detrended fluctuation analysis, aggregated variance, and rescaled range. Conclusions Functional MRI data have artifacts that interact with complexity calculations in nontrivially distinct ways compared to other physiological data (such as EKG, EEG) for which these measures are typically used. Our results clearly demonstrate that decisions regarding choice of algorithm, signal processing, time-series length, and scanner have a significant impact on the reliability and sensitivity of complexity estimates.
A time resolved XANES study of an organo-clay redox system

In situ, time-resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopic measurements of tetraphenylboron (TPB)-treated Fe-bearing clay minerals were conducted to investigate whether smectite structural Fe was reduced during surface-enhanced oxidative degradation of TPB. Reference samples were prepared by reducing varying amounts of structural Fe with Na-dithionite in an inert atmosphere. Analysis of the Fe K α X-ray fluorescence near edge Structure of reference and TPB-treated samples was accomplished by comparing the ratios of edge crest intensities at energies corresponding to oxidized and dithionite-reduced samples following intensity normalization and energy calibration. About 15% of nontronite structural Fe was reduced during the course of the reaction with TPB, whereas more than 50% of the structural Fe in montmorillonite was reduced. XANES spectroscopy provided additional spectroscopic evidence for differences in the reactivity of crystallographic sites of Fe within montmorillonites (both cis and trans Fe) and nontronites (predominantly cis Fe) and suggests that TPB reacted preferentially with trans Fe.
Quantum ballistic transport through a double-bend waveguide structure: Effects of disorder.

We investigate the quantum transport properties through a variety of double-bend electron-waveguide structures using the recursive Green's-function technique. The conductance is calculated as a function of the chemical potential using the two-probe multichannel Landauer-Buttiker formula. Detailed numerical calculations are presented to study the effects of waveguide geometry, impurity scattering, interface roughness, and finite temperature on the quantum conduction. We find that the roundness of the corners washes out the resonance structure by increasing the conductance in the valley regions. Impurity scattering and interface roughness slightly shift the peak positions and decrease their amplitudes
Synthesis, Transport And Microstructural Properties of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4‐δ

Abstract : The n-type superconductor, Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO(4-delta) has been prepared by solid state reaction and solution precursor techniques under various conditions and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and SEM measurements. Samples prepared by solution method displayed higher normal state resistance but better superconducting volume fractions than those prepared by conventional ceramic techniques. In addition, the solution precursor technique reduces the sintering temperature from 1150C (used for solid-state route) to 1000C in achieving the superconducting phase. The solution-route yields particles with relatively uniform size distribution, but poor connectivity between the grains. In contrast, the solid state preparations yield well connected grains but with a larger distribution of sizes. The observed differences in the superconducting properties of samples prepared by different techniques have been attributed to the differences in their microstructure.
Who Are the Students at Community Colleges and Proprietary Schools

It appears that community college and proprietaly school students differed more in the past than they do now; proprietary not- for- profit institutions may contribute to the apparent convergence.
Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase protects mice from radiation-induced lung injury.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if radiation-induced lung injury is associated with prolonged oxidative stress, and whether chronic overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in the lung of transgenic mice protects against radiation-induced lung injury. Methods and materials Whole-lung radiation was delivered to EC-SOD overexpressing B6C3 transgenic (XRT-TG) mice and wild-type littermates (XRT-WT). Pulmonary function was assessed by breathing frequency. Right lung wet weight was used as a gross indicator of lung damage. Histopathology was used to assess collagen deposition and tissue fibrosis according to an established grading system. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain and quantify the number of macrophages. ELISA was used to measure activated TGF-β1. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring lipid oxidation products (malondialic acid) by HPLC. Results Four of six XRT-WT mice required euthanasia at 15–19 weeks postradiation because of respiratory distress, whereas no XRT-TG mouse developed distress. All assessments of lung damage at 15–20 weeks postradiation were higher for XRT-WT mice compared with the XRT-TG mice, including breathing frequency (380 vs. 286 bpm, p ≤ 0.0004), right lung weight (228 vs. 113 mg, p ≤ 0.06), macrophage count (48 vs. 5 per 40× field, p ≤ 0.06), and percent activated TGF-β1 (37 vs. 11%, p ≤ 0.06). Semiquantitative measures, including fibrosis and collagen deposition, were also higher for XRT-WT mice, with an exact Fisher p value of ≤0.03 for both variables. In addition, malondialic acid was elevated in XRT-WT mice 15–20 weeks after radiation delivery, and levels were lower in the XRT-TG mice (624 vs. 323 pmol/mg protein, p ≤ 0.06). Conclusions After radiation therapy, oxidative stress is present at 15–20 weeks after initial exposure, which correlates with the delayed clinical onset of radiation-induced lung damage. Overexpression of EC-SOD in transgenic mice appears to confer protection against this radiation-induced lung injury, with a corresponding decrease in oxidative stress. EC-SOD may be a potential therapeutic agent for radioprotection in the treatment of thoracic malignancies. Further investigation is needed to confirm and expand on the current results.
The Frontiers of a Maturing Environmental History

J.R. McNeill and Corinna R. Unger, eds. Environmental Histories of the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 379 pp., £58.00. ISBN: 9780521762441. David Stradling. The Nature of Ne...
Angiosarcoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A great deal of confusion exists today with regard to the so-called angioblastic sarcomas. For many years this term was loosely applied to certain endotheliomas. The present tendency, however, is to limit the term to cellular angiomas in which the unit is the vessel and not the endothelial cell. For our purpose we call a tumor an angiosarcoma when, upon careful microscopic study, the neoplastic tissue reveals distinct vasoformation tendencies. True angioblastic sarcomas are not commonly encountered. In the literature as far back as 1918 only twenty-nine cases are recorded. Though several instances are reported of angiosarcoma arising from osseous tissue, as the femur and the clavicle, no record of an angiosarcoma of the scapula was found. Case Report In June 1933, a male, sixty-one years of age, experienced pain in the right shoulder and arm. A diagnosis of rheumatism was made and dental extraction advised. On failure of the gum tissue to heal following the extraction, a biopsy specimen was excised, and a probable diagnosis of epithelioma was made. The condition responded satisfactorily to radium therapy. On Aug. 18, 1933, the patient was seen at the Cook County Hospital, complaining of pain in the right shoulder and arm. At this time a mass was observed in the right supraclavicular region. X-ray study by Dr. Warfield revealed a suggestive area of destruction in the superior border of the right scapula, with a swelling of the soft tissue. On Aug. 22, the supraclavicular mass, 300 c.c. of a soft, beefy, bloody tissue, was removed.
Newer concept of Stokes-Adams syndrome.

Abstract 1. 1. A case of Stokes-Adams syndrome has been presented which demonstrates graphically that the Stokes-Adams attack was due at different times to ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular asystole, either alone or in various combinations. 2. 2. Interesting aspects of the physiology, pathology, and therapy in this case have been discussed.
Influences of amygdala and medial forebrain bundle on self-stimulation in the septum

Abstract Effects of lesions and electrical stimulation in the amygdala or medial forebrain bundle on rewarding stimulation of the septum were investigated. Rats were trained to press a bar for septal stimulation. Some rats learned to self-stimulate (pressers) and others did not (nonpressers). Following production of bilateral lesions in the amygdala (AMY), both pressers and nonpressers showed increased rates of self-stimulation. Bilateral lesions in the anterior medial forebrain bundle (MFB) resulted in no significant change. Rats with no lesions were used as controls. Other rats received 3 sets of chronic electrodes, one set each in the septum, AMY, and anterior MFB. After training for septal self-stimulation, the rats received noncontingent electrical stimulation in AMY during septal self-stimulation sessions. The AMY stimulation decreased bar pressing rates. Subsequently the rats received stimulation in MFB during septal self-stimulation sessions. Half of the group showed increased bar-pressing rates during MFB stimulation while the other half showed a long-lasting decrease in response rates. The results suggest that in terms of septal self-stimulation AMY has an inhibitory influence on the septum, and that MFB may carry 2 modulatory systems that influence the septum, one being inhibitory and the other facilitatory.
Determination of the excited state density for an optically thick resonance line

Abstract The transverse profile of the monochromatic radiance of an optically thick resonance line from a cylindrical discharge is inverted exactly to give the radial distribution of radiating atoms. In contrast to the Abel transform, this result is valid for all optical depths.
Casein Kinase II Catalyzes a Mitotic Phosphorylation on Threonine 1342 of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIα, Which Is Recognized by the 3F3/2 Phosphoepitope Antibody

Abstract The 3F3/2 antibody recognizes a phosphoepitope that is implicated in the mitotic checkpoint regulating the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting revealed that the 3F3/2 antibody binds to human DNA topoisomerase II α (HsTIIα) from mitotic but not interphase HeLa cells. Extracts from mitotic cells efficiently catalyzed the formation of the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope on fragments of HsTIIα expressed in bacteria. Expression and site-directed mutagenesis of various HsTIIα protein fragments mapped the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope to the region of HsTIIα containing phosphorylated threonine 1342. This threonine lies within a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII). CKII is present in cellular extracts and is associated with isolated mitotic chromosomes. The 3F3/2 phosphoepitope kinase present in mitotic cell extracts was able to create the epitope using GTP and was inhibited by heparin. A kinase associated with the isolated chromosomes also generated the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope on HsTIIα. Recombinant CKII catalyzed the formation of the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope on fragments of HsTIIα containing threonine 1342. These results indicate that the mitotic 3F3/2 phosphoepitope kinase activity is attributable to CKII. We suggest that the 3F3/2 phosphoepitope reflects a CKII-catalyzed phosphorylation of threonine 1342 that may regulate mitotic functions of HsTIIα.
The Air Force Manufacturing Technology Laser Peening Initiative

AbstractLaser peening has been demonstrated to be a unique and valuable method to increase the resistance of aircraft gas turbine engine compressor and fan blades to foreign object damage (FOD) and improve high cycle fatigue (HCF) life. Laser peening is also known as the LaserPeen process (LPP) or laser shock processing (LSP). LaserPeen processing’s high value as a surface enhancement process to mitigate high cycle fatigue failures is driving e fforts to expand its application from gas turbine engines to aircraft structures, land vehicles, weapon systems, and for general industrial use. One of the major impediments to the broad acceptance and use of the LaserPeen process has been high processing costs with relatively low throughput. Great strides are being made to significantly decrease laser peening costs and increase throughput, thanks to three important Air Force ManTech (manufacturing technology) programmes being conducted at LSP Technologies, Inc. (LSPT). Several key issues are being addressed to mee...
Structure of Frozen-hydrated Triad Junctions: A Case Study in Motif Searching Inside Tomograms

Abstract We used tomographic reconstructions of frozen–hydrated triad junctions to determine the structure of the macromolecular complex associated with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), during excitation–contraction coupling. Using a rapid motif search algorithm with a reference motif of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) provided by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, 49 receptors were located in five tomograms. Following co-alignment of the receptors and division into quadrants centered on the 4-fold symmetry axis, the receptors were classified using multivariate statistics. Global and class averages reveal that the SR membrane in the vicinity of the receptor is highly curved, creating an open vestibule with a gap of 4 nm between the receptor pore and the calsequestrin layer in the SR lumen. The in-plane densities in the calsequestrin layer have paracrystalline order, consistent with the packing of calsequestrin dimers in the three-dimensional crystal structure. Faint densities (“tethers”) extend to the calsequestrin layer from densities in the SR membrane located 15 nm from the symmetry axis of the RyR. In a class average of RyRs with proximal transverse tubules (TT), a cytoplasmic density is observed near the receptor that could represent the most consistent location of tethers observed in tomograms between the SR and TT membranes.
Fibromyalgia in women. Abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamus and the caudate nucleus are associated with low pain threshold levels.

Objective. To determine if regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the left and right hemithalami or the left and right heads of the caudate nucleus is abnormal in women with fibromyalgia (FM). Methods. Resting-state rCBF in the hemithalami and left and right heads of the caudate nucleus of 10 untreated women with FM and 7 normal control women was measured by single-photon–emission computed tomography. Pain threshold levels at tender and control points also were assessed in both the women with FM and the controls. Results. The rCBF in the left and right hemithalami and the left and right heads of the caudate nucleus was significantly lower in women with FM than in normal controls (P = 0.01, P = 0.003, P = 0.01, and P = 0.02, respectively). Compared with controls, the women with FM also were characterized by significantly lower cortical rCBF (P = 0.001) and lower pain threshold levels at both tender points (P = 0.0001) and control points (P = 0.0001). Conclusion. The findings of low rCBF and generalized low pain thresholds support the hypothesis that abnormal pain perception in women with FM may result from a functional abnormality within the central nervous system.
Answered and Unanswered Questions in Attachment Theory With Implications for Children of Divorce

Attachment theory has contributed much to the conceptualization of relationships in young children, ideas which have, in turn, had much influence in the courts. This paper poses relevant questions about the theory and provides answers from the empirical research available. What is the role of fathers in the lives of babies? Does attachment status well predict later functioning? What characterizes disturbances in attachment and what is their significance for development? What are the current measures of attachment and are they adequate to the task? Finally, the paper discusses implications for the courts and for those who assist the children of divorce.
Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism with New Oral Anticoagulants: A Practical Update for Clinicians

Traditional anticoagulants, such as warfarin and enoxaparin, have several limitations, including parenteral administration, need for laboratory monitoring, and ongoing dose adjustment, which may limit optimal patient care. Newer oral anticoagulants, such as direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran etexilate) and direct factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), have been developed to overcome these drawbacks, and thereby improve patient care. Several of these agents have been approved for use in the prevention and treatment of venous and/or systemic thromboembolism. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the available clinical trial data for these new oral anticoagulants in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism and a practical update for clinicians.
Characteristics of Individuals Seeking Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Despite severe functional impairment, only 35% to 40% of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) seek treatment, and fewer than 10% receive evidence-based treatment. The current study examined the characteristics of 525 individuals who contacted the clinic of the Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety at the University of Pennsylvania to inquire about OCD treatment and completed a phone screen. Callers who were deemed appropriate for the clinic (n=396, 75%) were invited to participate in an in-person intake evaluation. Only 137 (35%) of the eligible individuals completed the intake evaluation ("treatment intake group") whereas the majority (n=259, 65%) did not ("phone screen-only group"). Compared to individuals in the phone screen-only group, those in the treatment intake group were younger, less likely to endorse depressed mood, and more likely to have received a diagnosis of OCD, to have previously sought psychological services, and to have taken psychotropic medication. The findings suggest that familiarity with their diagnosis and past contact with mental health professionals enhance openness to explore yet another treatment. In contrast, lack of awareness about the problem and depressed mood may reduce openness to seek treatment.
Acute Alcohol Infusion Suppresses Endotoxin‐induced Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is suggested to play an important role in host defense as well as in eliciting some of the metabolic alterations in endotoxemia. Bacteria and their products are involved in triggering the production and release of TNF. Alcohol consumption is known to suppress the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acute ethanol administration on the ability of endotoxin to increase circulating TNF levels and to determine the relationship between blood ethanol levels and endotoxin-induced serum TNF. A 50% decrease in serum TNF levels was seen 1-1.5 h after endotoxin challenge in conscious rats with blood alcohol levels between 75-175 mg/dl. A dose-related depression of serum TNF was observed with increasing blood alcohol levels. This was accompanied by a markedly diminished hyperlactacidemia seen following endotoxin administration. These data suggest that impaired TNF release may have a role in the altered immune response of alcoholics to infection.
Texture as information

This paper presents a method of dithering which attempts to exploit the inevitable textures generated by all dithering schemes. We concentrate on rendering continuous tone (monochrome or color) images on a CRT display with a small number (on the order of 16 - 256) of distinct colors. Monochrome (especially bi-level) dithering techniques are well studied. We have previously demonstrated that texture introduced by the dithering process can significantly affect the appearance of the image. We then developed a scheme by which the user had some control over these texture effects and could then choose (locally) different ordered-dither matrices based on measured properties of the original image (e.g., the local gradient). In this paper, we exploit texture as an alternate channel of information. The key idea is to choose the previously described matrices based on properties not in the original image.
Modeling chemical and topological disorder in irradiation-amorphized silicon carbide

In order to explore the relationship of chemical disorder to topological disorder during irradiation-induced amorphization of silicon carbide, a topological analysis of homonuclear bond distribution, atom coordination number and network ring size distribution has been carried out for imposed simulated disorder, equilibrated with molecular dynamics (MD) procedures utilizing a Tersoff potential. Starting configurations included random atom positions, β-SiC coordinates chemically disordered over a range of chemical disorder parameters and atom coordinates generated from earlier MD simulations of embedded collision cascades. For random starting positions in embedded simulations, the MD refinement converged to an average Si coordination of 4.3 and an average of 1.4 Si–Si and 1.0 C–C bonds per Si and C site respectively. A chemical disorder threshold was observed (χ≡NC–C/NSi–C>0.3–0.4), below which range MD equilibration resulted in crystalline behavior at all temperatures and above which a glass transition was observed. It was thus concluded that amorphization is driven by a critical concentration of homonuclear bonds. About 80% of the density change at amorphization was attributable to threshold chemical disorder, while significant topological changes occurred only for larger values of the chemical disorder parameter.
Regression Analysis and the Sociological Imagination

Summary Regression analysis is an important aspect of most introductory statistics courses in sociology but is often presented in contexts divorced from the central concerns that bring students into the discipline. Consequently, we present five lesson ideas that emerge from a regression analysis of income inequality and mortality in the USA and Canada.
Smoking- and menstrual-related symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence by menstrual phase and depressive symptoms.

Abstract Menstrual phase and depressive symptoms are known to minimize quit attempts in women. Therefore, the influence of these factors on smoking- and menstrual-related symptomatology during acute smoking cessation was investigated in a controlled cross-over lab-study. Participants (n = 147) completed two six-day testing weeks during their menstrual cycle with testing order randomly assigned (follicular vs. luteal). The testing week consisted of two days of ad libitum smoking followed by four days of biochemically verified smoking abstinence. Daily symptomatology measures were collected. Out of the 11 total symptoms investigated, six were significantly associated with menstrual phase and nine were significantly associated with level of depressive symptoms. Two significant interactions were noted indicating that there may be a stronger association between depressive symptoms with negative affect and premenstrual pain during the follicular phase compared to the luteal phase. Overall, these observations suggest that during acute smoking abstinence in premenopausal smokers, there is an association between depressive symptoms and symptomatology whereas menstrual phase appears to have less of an effect. Further study is needed to determine the effect of these observations on smoking cessation outcomes, as well as to define the mechanism of menstrual phase and depressive symptoms on smoking-related symptomatology.
Age-dependent effects of TWEAK/Fn14 receptor activation on neural progenitor cells.

TWEAK/Fn14 signaling regulates progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in multiple organ systems. This study examined the effects of TWEAK (tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis) treatment on cultured mouse neural progenitor cells. The receptor for TWEAK is expressed by neural progenitor cells from the early embryonic stages through postnatal development. Although embryonic day 12 (E12) and postnatal day 1 (PN1) neural progenitor cells both express the receptor for TWEAK, TWEAK treatment of cultured E12 and PN1 progenitor cells resulted in age-dependent effects on proliferation and on neurite extension by neuronal progeny. TWEAK treatment did not alter proliferation of E12 neural progenitor cells but shifted PN1 progenitor cells toward cell-cycle phases G0 and G1 and reduced the rate at which they incorporated CldU. Conversely, the effects of TWEAK on axon elongation were more prominent in the earlier developmental stage. TWEAK induced extensive neurite outgrowth by the neuronal progeny of E12 but not PN1 progenitors. Treatment of the E12 progenitor cells with a TWEAK-neutralizing antibody repressed neurite extension, indicating that endogenous activation of this pathway may be required for neurite extension by the embryonic neuronal progeny. These studies indicate that TWEAK/Fn14 receptor activation exerts different effects on neural progenitor cells and their progeny depending on the developmental stage of the cells. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.