cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonant Response of Offshore Structures

A nonlinear deterministic mathematic model is used to investigate the resonant response of a tall offshore structure under the action of periodic deep water waves. The added mass which is attributed to the acceleration of a body in the fluid is taken into consideration. The fundamental period of vibration of a structure is lengthened due to the effect of the added mass. An incremental numerical technique is employed to obtain the solution. The results show that even when damping due to drag is considered, the response of the structure at resonance is greatly amplified.
Variation of α and β Values in a Lined Open Channel

A study of the variation in magnitude of the energy coefficient, α, and the momentum coefficient, β, was conducted for subcritical open-channel flow in concrete-lined trapezoidal canals containing horizontal curves. The Manning’s \In\N was 0.013 for reaches without bends; values of α and β were found to be smaller than values proposed in current literature, and there was only small variation of α and β values with stage, channel geometry, position, and radius of curvature. For all cross sections analyzed, the energy and momentum coefficients may be considered constant with values of 1.04 and 1.02, respectively.
Impacts of VIIRS polarization sensitivity on non-ocean scenes

The Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) collects Earth science data continually in a sun-synchronous orbit. VIIRS raw data records (RDRs) are processed by ground software to generate a variety of environmental data records (EDRs). Over open ocean, ground software produces measurements of chlorophyll concentration based on subsurface reflectance estimates. Considering that about 90% of the top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiance reaching a sensor over open ocean can be attributed to atmosphere or surface reflectance, it is possible to introduce large chlorophyll estimate errors by ignoring ordinarily small contributions due to polarization sensitivity. For chlorophyll determination, instrument polarization sensitivity measurements are used in combination with atmospheric models to compensate for polarization phenomenon. VIIRS ground software does not compensate for polarization phenomenon when processing land scenes. It is therefore natural to consider the impacts of ignoring VIIRS polarization phenomenon for land surface reflectance estimates. In this work, pre-flight polarization sensitivity characterization data is used in conjunction with a polarized atmospheric propagation model to analyze potential impacts on retrieved TOA reflectance. Impacts are analyzed across several collection conditions, including ground surface type, atmospheric visibility, general atmospheric profile and collection geometry. Actual pre-flight characterization data is used for both NPP and J1 VIIRS.
The Elementary Properties of Classes

In this section we will introduce certain properties of classes with which the reader is already familiar. The immediate consequences of the definitions are for the most part elementary and easily proved; consequently they will be left to the reader as exercises.
Contemporary Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities

How Many Gays Are There? It Depends -- What is Sexual Orientation and Do Women Have One? -- Sexual Stigma and Sexual Prejudice in the United States: A Conceptual Framework -- An Overview of Same-Sex Couples in Relation Ships: A Research Area Still at Sea -- Lesbian and Gay Parents and their Children: A Social Science Perspective -- Love, Marriage, and Baby Carriage Among Sexual Minorities- and Bias: Discussion of the 54th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.
'They Had the Power and the Freedom': A Genealogy of Patriarchal Violence in Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo

The control of women is at the center of Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo, a misogyny of domination that is easily apparent. Less apparent in previous literature on Vertigo is the connection to a history of violence against women that threads through key scenes, where the expression "the freedom and the power" is spoken by the wife-murderer Gavin Elster, an authority on San Francisco history, and John "Scottie" Ferguson, who stalks and obsesses over what becomes three women: Madeleine Elster, Carlotta Valdez, and Judy Barton. The freedom and the power is something men once had, but they are slowly losing it, and there emerges the paranoia, the real vertigo. This phrase and its connotation, that of controlling women, connects both freedom and power to the mechanisms of patriarchy. One such mechanism in Vertigo is the deployment, in Foucaultian terms, of a myth: that Carlotta Valdez, thrown away by a rich man nearly 100 years ago, haunts Gavin Elster's wife Madeleine. This myth, the spurned woman, covers up the darker violence underneath, that of uxoricide. Foucault's repressive hypothesis, a deployment in discourse on the freedom and power of sexuality, can be mapped onto the myth of Carlotta Valdez and the killing of women that lies below its surface.
THE CHEMISORPTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE, METHYL SULFIDE, AND CYCLOHEXENE ON SUPPORTED NICKEL CATALYSTS

Abstract Magnetization measurements on supported nickel catalysts have shown that hydrogen sulfide is dissociatively chemisorbed, forming four chemisorptive bonds with the nickel surface. This is confirmed by deuterium exchange results. The mechanism of chemisorption of methyl sulfide is strongly temperature dependent. It is associatively adsorbed at room temperature forming two chemisorptive bonds, but at higher temperatures extensive CH and CS bond rupture occurs. Cyclohexene is dissociatively chemisorbed at 25 °C, forming two adsorbed hydrogen atoms and a diadsorbed C6H8 radical. This conclusion is confirmed by deuterium exchange experiments.
Characterization of a β-Galactosidase Formed Between a Complementary Protein and a Peptide Synthesized De Novo

In a cell-free system, phi80dlac can be transcribed, and the resulting ribonucleic acid can be translated to yield a product which interacts with an enzymatically inactive z protein to produce active enzyme. The inactive z protein is produced by Escherichia coli strain 21, which contains a deletion in the first part of the gene for beta-galactosidase and appears to exist as a dimer. The enzyme formed in the cell-free system appears to be composed of one strain 21 z protein dimer and one newly synthesized polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 3 x 10(4). The estimated size of this complementing segment is in good agreement with Ullmann, Jacob, and Monod's estimate of the size of the alpha region of beta-galactosidase. Using alpha fragments produced by autoclaving or guanidine treatments, we found that the active portion of alpha seems to be smaller than the full alpha region. We also found, using alpha produced by the autoclaving technique, that active dimer undergoes conversion to tetramer as the amount of alpha is increased. Evidently, the binding of alpha favors this conversion, but it is unlikely that the conversion of dimer to tetramer per se results in increased enzyme activity.
Radiofrequency Spectroscopy of Stored Ions I: Storage

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the ways to develop techniques to isolate, contain in a trap, thermalize, and possibly refrigerate the atomic systems under observation. The electrons move along bound orbits that are characterized by three frequencies. In ultrahigh vacuums, a beam of low-energy electrons is reflected upon itself. Temporary trapping occurs by the transformation of longitudinal kinetic energy into transverse because of e–e collisions. By providing simultaneously a radiative damping mechanism, the trapping is made permanent. Because ion–ion collisions cannot transform energy of the motion of the center of mass into the kinetic energy of the relative motion of the ions, no energy absorption from the field can take place. The ions having been formed by fast ions passing on their charge to thermal atoms may, independent of the collision parameter, be assumed to be initially at rest in good approximation. No energy input into the self-regenerating ion cloud occurs because of the collision process.
G-protein-coupled receptors: evolving views on physiological signalling: symposium on G-protein-coupled receptors: evolving concepts and new techniques.

This Keystone symposium on G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptors: Evolving Concepts and New Techniques took place between 12 and 17 February 2006, in Keystone, Colorado, and was organized by P. Insel, G. Milligan and D. Perez. ![][1] In 1967, Earl Sutherland described the simplest possible model for signalling through heptahelical receptors when he wrote, “It seems likely that in most, and perhaps all, tissues the β receptor and adenylyl cyclase are the same” (Robison et al , 1967). Within ten years, Rodbell and Gilman had disproved this model by showing that heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide‐binding proteins (G proteins) were transducers of the receptor‐mediated signal (Rodbell et al , 1971; Ross & Gilman, 1977). During the past 30 years, our knowledge of the structure, function and regulation of these G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) has continued to grow in size, scope and complexity. Today, more than 800 genes (3% of the human genome) have been shown to encode heptahelical receptors for various extracellular stimuli, including hormones, neurotransmitters, chemokines, light, odours and tastes, and they are the therapeutic targets for half of all prescribed drugs. Although the predominant role of these receptors is G‐protein activation, GPCRs are increasingly being recognized as scaffolds for the formation and localization of signalling complexes in the cell. Indeed, the magnitude and manner of the receptor response is determined by the complex relationship between the ligand, receptor, G protein and other associated proteins. This Keystone meeting focused on recent advances in our understanding of the structure, function and regulation of GPCRs: in particular, the functional consequences of receptor oligomerization, the identification of ligands for orphan receptors, and the characterization of desensitization and downstream signalling pathways. In this report, we highlight recent scientific accomplishments in the field of GPCR function as well as the novel technologies and strategies that enabled them to be made. Each member … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Microstructure, deformation and fracture characteristics of an Al67Ni8Ti25 intermetallic alloy

Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 67 Ni 8 Ti 25 have been investigated. After homogenization, the microstructure consists primarily of large grains of the π phase with the L1 2 crystal structure, but second phase particles and pores are also present. The dislocation density in the π phase is low after homogenization. but increases substantially during compressive plastic deformation. In compression. Al 67 Ni 8 Ti 25 has a yield strength of 355 MPa at room temperature and can exhibit substantial plasticity. The mechanism of compressive plastic deformation is a 0 〈110〉{111} slip. The a 0 〈110〉{111} dislocations are not dissociated by more than 2 nm, indicative of high {111} APB and SISF energies. Under the influence of a tensile stress, Al 67 Ni 8 Ti 25 is brittle and fails by transgranular cleavage. The brittle fracture behavior is consistent with ideas originally proposed by Rice and Thomson concerning an activation barrier for emission of dislocations from crack tips.
The inhalation toxicity of phenylglycidyl ether: Reproduction, mutagenic, teratogenic, and cytogenetic studies

Abstract A 90-day inhalation study (6 hr/day, 5 days/week, 63 exposures; levels 0, 1, 5, and 12 ppm) was conducted with phenylglycidyl ether (PGE). In that study, no adverse effects in rats and dogs, except mild alopecia in rats at the two higher levels, were seen. This effect was attributed to dermal irritation. The effects of PGE in rats following inhalation of atmospheres containing either 0, 2, 6, or 11 ppm were measured in a two-generation reproduction study, a dominant lethal mutagenicity assay, and cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow cells. The potential teratogenic effects of PGE were also evaluated in rats exposed to the same concentrations during the period of rapid organogenesis. No significant changes in reproduction parameters (fertility, progeny numbers and survival, lactational performance) were produced by PGE inhalation, and there was no evidence of dominant lethality. Exposure of pregnant rats to the compound, 6 hr/day from Gestation Days 4 through 15 resulted in no embryotoxic or teratogenic effect. Evaluation of chromosomes from bone marrow cells of PGE-treated rats failed to reveal any cytogenetic damage.
The Foreign Trade Statistics of the United States

(1935). The Foreign Trade Statistics of the United States. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 30, No. 191A, pp. 501-516.
AeroMACS system characterization and demonstrations

This The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is being developed to provide a new broadband wireless communications capability for safety critical communications in the airport surface domain, providing connectivity to aircraft and other ground vehicles as well as connections between other critical airport fixed assets. AeroMACS development has progressed from requirements definition through technology definition, prototype deployment and testing, and now into national and international standards development. The first prototype AeroMACS system has been deployed at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) and the adjacent NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). During the past three years, extensive technical testing has taken place to characterize the performance of the AeroMACS prototype and provide technical support for the standards development process. The testing has characterized AeroMACS link and network performance over a variety of conditions for both fixed and mobile data transmission and has included basic system performance testing and fixed and mobile applications testing. This paper provides a summary of the AeroMACS performance testing and the status of standardization activities that the testing supports.
Response to Comment on "Eddy/Wind Interactions Stimulate Extraordinary Mid-Ocean Plankton Blooms"

The alternative mechanism proposed by Mahadevan et al . is an unlikely explanation for our observations because their model predicts a bloom at the periphery of the eddy, whereas the observations show it located at the eddy center, and because the vertical displacements caused by the nonlinear Ekman effect are too small to lead to an extraordinary biological response in this eddy.
Information transmission through a noisy quantum channel

Noisy quantum channels may be used in many information-carrying applications. We show that different applications may result in different channel capacities. Upper bounds on several of these capacities are proved. These bounds are based on the coherent information, which plays a role in quantum information theory analogous to that played by the mutual information in classical information theory. Many new properties of the coherent information and entanglement fidelity are proved. Two nonclassical features of the coherent information are demonstrated: the failure of subadditivity, and the failure of the pipelining inequality. Both properties arise as a consequence of quantum entanglement, and give quantum information new features not found in classical information theory. The problem of a noisy quantum channel with a classical observer measuring the environment is introduced, and bounds on the corresponding channel capacity proved. These bounds are always greater than for the unobserved channel. We conclude with a summary of open problems.
Statistical certification of eradication of poliomyelitis in the Americas

Abstract The last confirmed case of paralytic poliomyelitis due to indigenous wild poliovirus in the Americas occurred in Peru in 1991. In 1994 the International Commission on Polio Eradication of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) deemed eradication of polio from the area to have occurred, based on its strategic efforts and the observed results. A mathematical model is presented here which relates the time elapsed since that last detected case of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by wild poliovirus to the probability that the transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus has been stopped. The appropriateness of applying the model to various geographical areas of the Americas is investigated using data about the occurrence of confirmed cases of polio since 1984, the time of the eradication initiative adopted by PAHO. The model suggests that if four years have elapsed since the last reported confirmed case of polio caused by wild poliovirus, and no other confirmed cases have been identified, the probability of undetected indigenous wild poliovirus transmission is less than 5%. An important assumption is that the eradication strategy implemented by PAHO has yielded steady improvements. A consequence of this approach is that the annual probabilities of persistence given by the model are conservative, in the sense of being higher than the true, but unknown a priori probabilities, and more so with each passing year. It is thus seen that the model results are compatible with the conclusion reached by PAHO in 1994. The model takes into account the intensity of surveillance of each country in the region, measured by the corresponding rates of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Because importations of wild poliovirus may occur from other regions of the world, surveillance efforts are being maintained in the Americas until global eradication has been achieved.
A Question of Merit: Principals' and Parents' Evaluations of Teachers:

New financial incentive plans to restructure the rewards and professional development in teaching require fair and comprehensive evaluations to determine teacher quality. Some suggest that multiple judges are needed to help correct problems of shallow, partial evaluations. In this article, principals’ and parents’ ratings of the same teachers are compared and school, teacher, and family factors that may influence evaluations are examined. Results suggest that parents and principals emphasize different aspects of teaching in judging teachers' merits. Principals' ratings are influenced by situational factors and the extra work that establishes some teachers' leadership. Parents' ratings are influenced by the connections teachers make with families and the quality of classroom life their children experience. The ratings are not explained by teachers’ education or years of experience, which are currently common criteria for annual salary increases. Although principals’ judgments may be more central, parents c...
Experience with the CMU Programmable Systolic Chip

The CMU programmable systolic chip (PSC) is an experimental, microprogrammable chip designed for the efficient implementation of a variety of systolic arrays. The PSC has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The chip has about 25,000 transistors, uses 74 pins, and was fabricated through MOSIS, the DARPA silicon broker, using a 4 micron nMOS process. A modest demonstration system involving nine PSCs is currently running. Larger demonstrations are ready to be brought up when additional working chips are acquired.
Metal oxide films produced by polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) for nuclear science applications

The Polymer-assisted Deposition (PAD) method was used to create crack-free homogenous metal oxide films for use as targets in nuclear science applications. Metal oxide films of europium, thulium, and hafnium were prepared as models for actinide oxides. Films produced by a single application of PAD were homogenous and uniform and ranged in thickness from 30 to 320 nm. The reapplication of the PAD method (six times) with a 10% by weight hafnium(IV) solution resulted in an equally homogeneous and uniform film with a total thickness of 600 nm.
Addressing institutional challenges to adaptation planning for climate change impacts on the Northern Great Plains: a case study of North Dakota

This paper reports on a survey of government decision–makers to examine their perspectives toward climate change and to ask if they are adapting their management of natural resources and public health issues; also, what are the challenges they face? Luhmann's theory of ecological communication suggests that a complex issue like climate change will present barriers to adaptation planning. Survey responses show that barriers to the integration of climate science into decision–making are often associated with economic and education systems. These highlight the importance of adaptive governance and collaborative relationships that address constraints and opportunities associated with socio–economic and institutional circumstances of key adaptive decision–makers.
Targeted drug delivery via the folate receptor.

The folate receptor is a highly selective tumor marker overexpressed in greater than 90% of ovarian carcinomas. Two general strategies have been developed for the targeted delivery of drugs to folate receptor-positive tumor cells: by coupling to a monoclonal antibody against the receptor and by coupling to a high affinity ligand, folic acid. First, antibodies against the folate receptor, including their fragments and derivatives, have been evaluated for tumor imaging and immunotherapy clinically and have shown significant targeting efficacy in ovarian cancer patients. Folic acid, a high affinity ligand of the folate receptor, retains its receptor binding properties when derivatized via its γ-carboxyl. Folate conjugation, therefore, presents an alternative method of targeting the folate receptor. This second strategy has been successfully applied in vitro for the receptor-specific delivery of protein toxins, anti-T-cell receptor antibodies, interleukin-2, chemotherapy agents, γ-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, liposomal drug carriers, and gene transfer vectors. Low molecular weight radiopharmaceuticals based on folate conjugates showed much more favorable pharmacokinetic properties than radiolabeled antibodies and greater tumor selectivity in folate receptor-positive animal tumor models. The small size, convenient availability, simple conjugation chemistry, and presumed lack of immunogenicity of folic acid make it an ideal ligand for targeted delivery to tumors.
Studies on non-premixed flame streets in a mesoscale channel

Abstract The effects of channel width, wall temperature, and flow rate on the dynamics of non-premix flames in a mesoscale combustor were studied in methane and propane–air mixing layers. A Flame Street structure which consists of multiple triple flamelets in the mixing layer of the reactants was observed experimentally for the first time. Depending on the flow rate, it was found that there are two different flame regimes, an unsteady bimodal flame regime and a Flame Street regime where there are multiple stable triple flamelets. It was found that the separation distance of the flamelets increased due to the dilution effect of the products and that the size of the flamelets was proportional to the width of the mixing layer. A scale analytical model was developed to qualitatively explain the mechanism of Flame Streets. The effects of flow velocity, wall temperature, and Lewis number were also investigated and the results showed that the occurrence of Flame Street regimes was a combined result of heat loss, curvature, diffusion, and dilution effect.
Nanotechnology: Another dimension for DNA art.

Many of nature's intricate nanostructures self-assemble from subunits. Efforts to mimic these assembly processes enter a new phase with a method to design and build three-dimensional DNA nanostructures.
Drosophila NPC1b Promotes an Early Step in Sterol Absorption from the Midgut Epithelium

Summary The NPC1 family of proteins plays crucial roles in the intestinal absorption and intracellular trafficking of sterols. The Drosophila genome encodes two NPC1 homologs, one of which, NPC1a, is required for intracellular sterol trafficking in many tissues. Here we show that the other Drosophila NPC1 family member, NPC1b, is expressed in the midgut epithelium and that NPC1b is essential for growth during the early larval stages of development. NPC1b mutants are severely defective in sterol absorption, and the midgut epithelium of NPC1b mutants is deficient in sterols and sterol trafficking intermediates. By contrast, NPC1a mutants absorb sterols more efficiently than wild-type animals, and, unexpectedly, NPC1b;NPC1a double mutants absorb sterols as efficiently as wild-type animals. Together, these findings suggest that NPC1b plays an early role in sterol absorption, although sterol absorption continues at high efficiency through an NPC1a - and NPC1b -independent mechanism under conditions of impaired intracellular sterol trafficking.
Development of a multifacetted undergraduate program in Computer and Information Science

Computer and Information Science Departments are usually organized, as was the one at The Ohio State University, by combining already existing courses in computer programming and applications from other departments into one department and adding a few extra courses. This paper is a report concerning how this was done at Ohio State and how the Department has developed since. Suggestions are also included for the organization of new departments at other schools. The report has been arranged in four main sections: a description of the development of the department at Ohio State, a unifying philosophy of the field, a description of the Ohio State undergraduate curriculum in Computer and Information Science, and suggestions for new curricula at other schools.
p53 protein overexpression in smooth muscle tumors of the uterus

Abstract p53 is a nuclear phosphoprotein whose overexpression may portend a poor prognosis in a variety of neoplasms. In this immunohistochemical study we examined p53 overexpression in a variety of uterine smooth muscle tumors (34 leiomyosarcomas, 18 leiomyomas, and six smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential [STUMps]). p53 immunoreactivity was observed in none of 18 (0%) leiomyomas, one of six (17%) STUMPs, and 16 of 34 (47%) leiomyosarcomas. Reactivity was not observed in the surrounding nonneoplastic uterine smooth muscle. Strong p53 overexpression in the leiomyosarcomas was significantly associated with high grade morphology ( P = .013) and a high stage at the time of presentation ( P = .021). In 25 leiomyosarcoma patients with clinical follow-up, p53 overexpression was associated with shorter length of survival ( P = 0.024). However, this effect was not independent of tumor stage or grade. A regression analysis showed that tumor stage was the only independent predictor of length of survival. Our study size is small, and further studies are warranted to determine the significance and replicability of these findings.
The influence of Mg2+ on the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of myosin by an actomyosin preparation from vascular smooth muscle.

Abstract Previous work has shown that Mg 2+ levels modulate the net level of myosin light chain phosphorylation in bovine aortic smooth muscle actomyosin preparations. The goal of this study was to determine the precise step, i.e. phosphorylation or dephosphorylation, where Mg 2+ modulates the net phosphorylation reaction. The technique using [γ 35 S]ATPγS to monitor the phosphorylating step yielded no effect of either Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ . Unfortunately the lack of Ca 2+ -dependence did not allow conclusions about the influence of Mg 2+ on myosin light chain kinase activity. The study of the effect of Mg 2+ on dephosphorylation showed that phosphatase activity in the actomyosin preparation exhibited a Mg 2+ modulation only when the actomyosin was previously exposed to activating levels (3×10 −5 M) of Ca 2+ , suggesting the presence of a Ca 2+ -regulation system for myosin light chain phosphatase.
Characterizing Organic Hallucinosis

Abstract A first comprehensive description of the clinical features of patients with the rare diagnosis of organic hallucinosis (OH) is presented, based on information from 11 OH patients among 14,889 patients who presented for evaluation over a 5-year period at our institution. This characterization is of particular current relevance to diagnosticians and clinicians because of the proposed major changes in the diagnostic system for OH in the upcoming DSM-IV and because of the virtual total lack of published information concerning this syndrome. This description includes a listing of the prevalence and mean severity of each symptom. The severity of the symptoms of OH are then compared with those of its crude “functional” equivalent of schizophrenia to determine which symptoms distinguish between these categories. Associated factors are also presented concerning demographics, modes of treatment, level of functioning, and current physical problems associated with OH.
Service Learning in College Political Science: Queries and Commentary

Community service is widely advocated as a method for advancing civic awareness and citizen responsibility in both secondary schools and colleges. Use of service learning in higher education has been promoted nationwide by academic, political, professional, and business leaders through such organizations as Campus Compact, American Association for Higher Education, Commission on Civic Renewal, and Corporation for National and Community Service (Bringle, Games, and Malloy 1999). In some cases, service has been institutionalized in colleges. Tufts University, for example, has added a College of Citizenship and Public Service through which students from various departments can complete a certificate program that integrates active service and citizenship studies into their major course of study (Zernike 2000). A recent report estimates that nearly two million students participate in service learning at four-year public and private institutions of higher education, and almost half of all community colleges offer service learning courses (Shumer and Cook 1999). Service learning has been applied in college courses as diverse as freshman composition, education, sociology, anthropology, business, and public policy. But does service learning—and community service more generally—help students learn about politics and government? And, what research is needed to determine whether service, in fact, contributes to students' civic education? Having recently completed an analysis of national survey data on secondary school students' participation in community service and its relationship to civic education (see Niemi, Hepburn, and Chapman 2000), we now turn to examining the implications of service learning for college political science teaching and research.
COMPAR: Introducing Subjects to (Fictional) Others via Computer Terminal

COMPAR is a program which generates descriptions of fictional other persons based on a subject's description of himself. The subject sits at a computer terminal, where he completes an at titude questionnaire. A computer file controls the number of fictional others that will be generated and the degree of atti tudinal similarity between the subject and each of the others. COMPAR automates an otherwise tedious procedure, and subjects enjoy participating. It can be used for a variety of studies. The program deck and instructions are available from the authors.
Withanolide A and Asiatic Acid Modulate Multiple Targets Associated with Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Processing and Amyloid-β Protein Clearance

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease histochemically characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. AD is considered to be a complex, multifactorial syndrome, with numerous causal factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Thus, for any novel therapeutic molecule to have a “disease-modifying” effect on AD, it must be able to modulate multiple, synergistic targets simultaneously. In this context, we have studied two compounds of plant origin [withanolide A (1) and asiatic acid (2)] for their potential activities against multiple targets associated with Aβ pathways (BACE1, ADAM10, IDE, and NEP). BACE1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Aβ from amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP), while ADAM10 is involved in non-amyloidogenic processing of AβPP. IDE and NEP are two of the prominent enzymes involved in effectively degrading Aβ. It was found that both 1 and 2 significant...
Flow systems in the solar furnace and the photolysis of nitrosyl chloride

Abstract This paper reports the design, construction, installation, testing, and use of various flow systems in a 2-ft-diam solar furnace. The flow system finally used is more complex than usual, since it was designed to handle a corrosive solution of nitrosyl chloride in carbon tetrachloride. In this flow system the focal spot of the furnace is contained in the center of a 15-mm-diam quartz tube through which solution is pumped at the rate of 500 ml per min. Alternatively the focal spot is in a free-falling stream of solution which impinges on a splash plate immediately after illumination. The flow system achieved two objectives. 1. 1. The separation of the photoproducts before appreciable back reaction occurred. 2. 2. Adequate temperature control without any cooling. The flow system was used to study the photolysis of nitrosyl chloride in carbon tetrachloride solution to form nitric oxide and chlorine. The results can be summarized and compared with those of the static system which was studied previously. Flow System Static System Average quantum yield 0.22 0.023 Average energy stored as percentage of available energy in the 3000–6300 A range 1.71 0.18 These results were obtained without optimization of various experimental parameters such as light intensity, flow rate, concentration, etc.
Unwarranted variations in healthcare delivery: implications for academic medical centres

Everyday clinical practice is characterised by wide variations that cannot be explained by illness severity or patient preference. Professor Wennberg examines the causes for these variations and suggests ways to remedy the situation Academic medicine has had only limited success in improving the scientific basis of everyday clinical practice, even within the walls of its own hospitals. Patterns of practice among academic medical centres—as among other institutions—are often idiosyncratic and unscientific, and local medical opinion and local supply of resources are more important than science in determining how medical care is delivered. In short, after nearly 100 years of academic medicine as we know it, much of medicine in the United States remains empirical. The evaluative clinical sciences—those disciplines whose role in medicine is to evaluate medical theory, understand patient preferences, and improve systems—are capable of improving the scientific basis of clinical practice and warrant high priority in the national research agenda and full adoption into medical school curriculums. These sciences are essential to the development of organised healthcare systems in the 21st century, not least because they expose unwarranted variations in care and can be used to remedy them. #### Summary box I will begin with a summary of the facts of unwarranted variations in clinical practice, derived from the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care project, a US national study of traditional (fee for service) Medicare. The atlas project reports on the rates of …
A Simulation Methodology for RISC Computer Systems

This paper presents a simulation methodology for evaluating the performance of single and multiprocessor Reduced Instruction Set computers, RISC. The uniprocessor RISC model considers all interactions among various units in the CPU for a wide spectrum of application programs and conditions. The instruction flow of each instruction is modeled and data dependencies and stalls in the different pipelines are considered and treated. The single processor detailed model is used in the Crossbar and Delta-based multiprocessor models. Benchmark programs are characterized by their Input/Output ratio (α). A comparative simulation performance study of crossbar switch and Delta-based multiprocessors using RISC processors is made. The MC88100 RISC processor is considered as a case study for both cases. Different simulation experiments have been carried out to predict the behavior of the single and multiprocessor systems if certain parameters or conditions are varied or satisfied.
Elemental analyses of goundwater: demonstrated advantage of low-flow sampling and trace-metal clean techniques over standard techniques

The combined use of both (1) low-flow purging and sampling and (2) trace-metal clean techniques provides more representative measurements of trace-element concentrations in groundwater than results derived with standard techniques. The use of low-flow purging and sampling provides relatively undisturbed groundwater samples that are more representative of in situ conditions, and the use of trace-element clean techniques limits the inadvertent introduction of contaminants during sampling, storage, and analysis. When these techniques are applied, resultant trace-element concentrations are likely to be markedly lower than results based on standard sampling techniques. In a comparison of data derived from contaminated and control groundwater wells at a site in California, USA, trace-element concentrations from this study were 2–1000 times lower than those determined by the conventional techniques used in sampling of the same wells prior to (5 months) and subsequent to (1 month) the collections for this study. Specifically, the cadmium and chromium concentrations derived using standard sampling techniques exceed the California Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL), whereas in this investigation concentrations of both of those elements are substantially below their MCLs. Consequently, the combined use of low-flow and trace-metal clean techniques may preclude erroneous reports of trace-element contamination in groundwater.
Data Recording For A Digital Television Spectrometer

The video data supplied by the DITS (digital television spectrometer) camera is produced in such large quantities and at such a high rate that some form of automated data reduction is necessary. The data are recorded on both photographic film and magnetic tape. The film provides a rapid means for editing the data, while the magnetic tape preserved the accuracy of the data and stores it in a form compatible for computer processing.
Medial canthal tophus associated with gout.

Purpose To report a case with a gouty tophus at the medial canthus. Design Observational case report. Methods Review of the clinical, laboratory, photographic, and pathologic records of a patient with a gouty tophus at the medial canthus. Results A 27-year-old man had a 3-year history of gouty arthritis and poorly controlled hyperuricemia. A medial canthal mass without discomfort developed gradually over 3 months. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the tissue was fixed in formalin for pathology. Analysis of a routine hematoxylin-and-eosin–stained section disclosed a multilobulated pseudocyst filled with amorphous eosinophilic material. Further staining with nonaqueous alcoholic eosin and viewed under a polarizing microscope indicated the presence of birefringent urate crystals. Conclusions Gouty tophus can develop progressively at the medial canthus, especially in people with uncontrolled hyperuricemia. A formalin-fixed specimen, stained with nonaqueous alcoholic eosin, demonstrates abundant birefringent urate crystals under a polarizing microscope.
Stealth surface modification of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for sensitive and accurate detection in protein solutions.

Reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based biosensing in complex media is impeded by nonspecific protein adsorptions. Because of the near-field effect of SERS, it is challenging to modify SERS-active substrates using conventional nonfouling materials without introducing interference from their SERS signals. Herein, we report a stealth surface modification strategy for sensitive, specific and accurate detection of fructose in protein solutions using SERS by forming a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The SAM consists of a short zwitterionic thiol, N,N-dimethyl-cysteamine-carboxybetaine (CBT), and a fructose probe 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA). The specifically designed and synthesized CBT not only resists protein fouling effectively, but also has very weak Raman activity compared to 4-MPBA. Thus, the CBT SAM provides a stealth surface modification to SERS-active substrates. The surface compositions of mixed SAMs were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and SER...
Factor II (prothrombin) levels in cord blood: Correlation of coagulant activity with immunoreactive protein

Hypoprothrombinemia occurs in newborn infants, but it is unclear whether this is the result of reduced production of Factor II precursor or a vitamin K deficient state. In this study, 76 cord blood specimens were analyzed for functional factor coagulant activity and levels of Factor II antigen as determined by electroimmunoassay. In 40 normal term infants, CA=39%±1.6 (mean±SEM) and Ag=44%±2.3; in 17 normal preterm infants CA=30%±1.0 and Ag=31%±4.2; and in 50 normal adults CA=83±3 and Ag=91±4. In the term infants the average ratio of CA: Ag was 0.90 and in the preterm infants 0.96, both values being similar to those in adults and suggesting underproduction of the precursor form. In 19 term infants who experienced complications of pregnancy and/or delivery, the ratio was 0.76; seven of these ratios were less than 0.70 (range 0.40 to 0.69). These data show that hypoprothrombinemia is common in infant cord blood and is most marked in preterm infants. In the normal infants the CA: Ag ratios were normal, suggesting that the hypoprothrombinemia is the result of reduced production of the protein and not of vitamin K deficency. However, term infants with complications of labor and delivery had reduced CA:Ag ratios that were suggestive of vitamin K deficiency.
Dissecting the energetics of a protein-protein interaction: the binding of ovomucoid third domain to elastase.

Abstract An understanding of the structural basis for protein-protein interactions, and molecular recognition in general, requires complete characterization of binding energetics. Not only does this include quantification of the changes that occur in all of the thermodynamic parameters upon binding, including the enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity, but a description of how these changes are modulated by environmental conditions, most notably pH. Here, we have investigated the binding of turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3), a potent serine protease inhibitor, to the serine protease porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) using isothermal titration calorimetry and structure-based thermodynamic calculations. We find that near neutral pH the binding energetics are influenced by a shift in the p Kaof an ionizable group, most likely histidine 57 in the protease active site. Consequently, the observed binding energetics are strongly dependent upon solution conditions. Through a global analysis, the intrinsic energetics of binding have been determined, as have those associated with the p Kashift. The protonation energetics suggest that the drop in p Kais largely due to desolvation of the histidine residue. The resulting deprotonation is necessary for the enzymatic function of elastase. Intrinsically, at 25°C the binding of OMTKY3 to PPE is characterized by an almost negligible enthalpy change, a large positive entropy change, and a large negative heat capacity change. These parameters are consistent with a model of the OMTKY3-PPE complex, which shows a large and significantly apolar protein-protein interface. Thermodynamic calculations based upon changes that occur in polar and apolar solvent-accessible surface area are in very good agreement with the measured intrinsic binding energetics.
Incidence and clinical features of extramedullary multiple myeloma in patients who underwent stem cell transplantation

Summary Extramedullary disease (EMD), defined as an infiltrate of clonal plasma cells at an anatomic site distant from the bone marrow, is an uncommon manifestation of multiple myeloma. Six hundred and sixty-three consecutive patients with multiple myeloma who underwent stem cell transplantation between January 2005 and December 2011 were assessed for the presence of EMD. A cohort of 55 patients with biopsy-proven EMD was identified, comprising 8·3% of the total study population. EMD was present at the time of diagnosis in 14·5% of cases and at the time of relapse in 76% of patients. The most common EMD presentations at relapse were liver involvement and pleural effusions. EMD specimens had high expression of CD44 (92%) and moderate expression of CXCR4. The median overall survival from time of myeloma diagnosis was 4·1 years (95% CI: 3·1, 5·1) and the median overall survival from time of EMD diagnosis was 1·3 years (95% CI: 0·8, 2·3). This report demonstrates that the incidence of EMD has not increased with the introduction of novel agents and stem cell transplantation. The most common EMD presentations in the relapsed setting were liver and pleural fluid. The presence of CD44 and CXCR4 expression may represent new markers of EMD that warrant further investigation.
Hide, remember, seek

A new study shows persistent activity in frontal eye field neurons while monkeys track the imagined motion of a dot that has disappeared, and finds this activity is tuned for speed.
Cell transport in the millipore filter assay

During inflammation, leukocytes cross the blood vessel wall and migrate to the inflammatory site in response to gradients of diffusible chemical attractants produced there. This directed migration response to a chemical gradient, termed chemotaxis, can be studied experimentally in the Millipore filter assay. We have applied a mathematical model to analyze cell population migration in the assay in terms of two parameters analogous to molecular transport coefficients. The random motility coefficient, μ, reflects the cell response to uniform concentrations of chemical attractant, while the chemotaxis coefficient, χ, reflects the response to a concentration gradient. We have measured μ and χ by comparing theoretical cell density profiles to those measured in the assay. Both parameters vary as a function of the attractant concentration; μ ranges from 10−10–10−9 cm2/s and χ ranges from 10–100 cm2/s.M for the attractant tested. These values agree with ones predicted from a priori theoretical relationships for μ and χ. Quantitation of the Millipore filter assay provides a framework for the quantitation of analogous cell transport systems such as a composite assay simulating cell migration across the vessel wall.
Computer simulation of two‐person interactions

A general model of two-person interactions is presented and then a computer program to simulate interactions using this general model is described. The specific model developed emphasizes the emotional aspects of interpersonal behavior. It concentrates on roles, rather than goals or attitudes, as determinants for action. The personality theory developed by Leary is used as a basis for the specific model, but several modifications of this theory are made. Experiments with the simulation model involved the definition of hypothetical people whose interactions were simulated. In general, these simulated people developed into reciprocal role patterns similar to those predicted by Leary. Specific examples of simulated hypothetical people with psychiatric abnormalities are described. To indicate a way in which validation of the simulation could be done, real people were represented in the computer model and human judges then tried to distinguish a series of interactions generated by the computer model from a series generated by the people represented.