cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of dopamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate systems in rat brain : the effect of prenatal phencyclidine exposure

Phencyclidine (PCP) inhibits the uptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), and blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-regulated ion channels. PCP also binds to sigma receptors in vivo and in vitro in rat brain. Prolonged exposure to PCP in adults has been observed to reduce the number of PCP binding sites in brain. We designed these experiments to evaluate whether prolonged prenatal exposure to PCP produces alterations in the development of DA and NMDA systems in brain. To do so, we characterized the normal course of development of basal and stimulated DA release in striatal slices, the ontogeny of striatal DA concentrations, and the development of NMDA receptor channels and associated glutamate binding sites in frontal cortex. We compared these developmental profiles to those in rats exposed to prenatal PCP, in an attempt to characterize the effect of prenatal PCP exposure on the pattern of brain development. Pregnant CD rats were injected s.c. with either 0, 10 or 20 mg/kg PCP daily on gestational days 8 through 20. On postnatal days (PND) 8, 21, 45, or 100, rats were sacrificed and brain tissues isolated for in vitro assessment. In vitro [3H]DA release from striatal slices evoked by either 40 microM glutamate or 15 mM K+ increased over 250% from PND 8 to PND 45, and glutamate-stimulated release was still significantly below adult levels at PND 45. In contrast, D-methamphetamine (D-METH)-evoked [3H]DA release, frontal cortical glutamate binding sites and NMDA channels developed early, reaching adult levels on or before PND 21.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Sufficient Information Approach to Decentralized Decision Making

We study a general class of decentralized dynamic decision-making problems with many agents, asymmetric information, and hidden actions. We propose the notion of sufficient information that provides a mutually consistent compression of the agents' private and common information for decision-making purposes. We define a class of strategies, called sufficient information-based (SIB) strategies, that are based on the agents' sufficient information. We show that restriction to SIB strategies is without loss of optimality in decentralized decision problems with non-strategic agents (i.e. teams). Accordingly, we provide a sequential decomposition of dynamic teams over time that specifies an algorithm for determining globally optimal strategies. For decentralized decision problems with strategic agents (i.e. games), we show that the class of SIB strategies is closed under the best response map. Consequently, we propose a notion of sufficient information-based equilibrium and provide a sequential decomposition of dynamic games over time that specifies an algorithm for determining Sufficient Information Based Perfect Bayesian Equilibria (SIB-PBE).
Abstract WP42: Early Dramatic Improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Predicts Favorable Outcome 90 Days After Thrombectomy in the DEFUSE 3 Study

Introduction: Thrombectomy in late time windows leads to improved outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). We determined if patients with a dramatic improvemen...
Peripherally expressed misfolded proteins remotely disrupt brain function and aggravate stroke-induced brain injury

Abstract Impaired proteostasis has been linked to various diseases, whereas little is known about the impact of peripherally misfolded proteins on the brain. We here studied the brain of mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of a missense (R120G) mutant small heat shock protein, αB-crystallin (CryABR120G). At baseline, the CryABR120G mice showed impaired cognitive and motor functions, aberrant protein aggregates, neuroinflammation, impaired blood-brain barrier, and reduced proteasome activity in the brain compared with their non-transgenic (Ntg) littermates. Ischemic stroke dramatically exacerbated these pathological alterations and caused more severe brain dysfunction in CryABR120G mice than in the Ntg mice. Intravenously injecting the exosomes isolated from CryABR120G mouse blood into wild-type mice caused the similar phenotypes seen from CryABR120G mice. Importantly, the CryABR120G protein showed the prion-like properties. These results suggest that peripherally misfolded proteins in the heart remotely disrupt brain function through prion-like neuropathology, which may represent an underappreciated mechanism underlying heart-brain crosstalk.
Measuring the impact of a vascular surgery fellowship program on operating room productivity

Abstract Background In 2016, our institution implemented a 5+2 year vascular surgery fellowship program, providing graduates of general surgery residencies two years of advanced training in open vascular and endovascular surgery. In this study, we use statistical process control to evaluate the clinical performance of the vascular surgery service, before and after implementation of the fellowship program, within an operating room (OR) block utilization framework. Study Design Using WiseOR, we extracted monthly vascular surgery operating room utilization data for the fifteen months before and after the implementation of the fellowship. Monthly block productivity was calculated: Productivity = (workload) / (allocated hours + 1.75 * over-utilized time). From financial reports, we obtained monthly work Relative Value Units (wRVUs) and clinical Full Time Equivalents (FTEs) for faculty of the vascular surgery service for the same 30-month study period. I-control charts were used to analyze changes in productivity and wRVU/FTE ratio across implementation of the fellowship. We visualized changes in block utilization and productivity by constructing a novel bubble chart plotting under-utilized time vs. overutilized time for each month of the study, with the size of each point representing monthly productivity. Results The vascular surgery service saw a significant increase in both normal-hours and after-hours case time after implementation of the fellowship. Under-utilized OR block time decreased (p = 0.002) and over-utilized time increased (p Conclusion Implementation of the fellowship training program marked an upward shift in block productivity and revenue generation of the vascular surgery service, with the additional workload compensating for an increase in over-utilized block time.
A Technique for Managing Exit Site and Cuff Infection in Tenckhoffcatheters

While not life threatening, outer cuff infection is an annoying and troublesome complication. In addition, it has the potential of leading to more serious infection and subsequent catheter loss. Th...
Chapter 14 – Tire Engineering

This chapter discusses tire technology, a complex combination of science and engineering that brings together a variety of disciplines. In the development of a tire, knowledge in the areas of tire geometry, dynamic tire behavior, chemistry of component materials, and technology of composite structures is essential. The result is a broad range of products that satisfy vehicle manufacturers as well as end-consumer needs for optimum performance under a variety of service conditions.
Peripheral Nerve Electrodes

Peripheral nerve electrodes, with the goal of restoring muscle functions or recording neural signals, have been extensively studied. Recently, not only have existing designs been re-scrutinized, but several new electrode designs have been developed. Despite several excellent comprehensive review articles on peripheral nerve electrodes, most of them focus on different types of devices but lack a systematic emphasis on the challenges and design motivations. In addition, more recent developments involve redesigning conventional electrodes, but these new advances have not been covered in any review article yet. Here, we review recent advances on peripheral nerve electrodes, by analyzing three major challenges and corresponding strategies, which may guide the community to a problem-driven path and inspire further innovations.
Recurrent Henoch-Schönlein Purpura with bullous rash and pulmonary nodules

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. It has a characteristic rash described as palpable purpura that most frequently affects the distal lower extremities and buttocks. HSP rarely presents with bullous rash nor pulmonary nodules. We present a novel case of a 12-years-old female with recurrent pediatric HSP with a combination of the rare manifestations of bullous rash and pulmonary nodules. She initially presented with the bullous rash, chest pain, cough, and abdominal pain. Patient was successfully treated with intravenous pulse corticosteroids followed by a high dose oral corticosteroid taper, with resolution of the bullous rash and pulmonary nodules. The rare manifestations of scarring bullous rash and pulmonary nodules can be presenting features of pediatric HSP, the combination of which has not been previously reported. The treatment of intravenous corticosteroid resolved patient’s abdominal symptoms, rash and pulmonary nodules.
Moral contagion: black Atlantic sailors, citizenship, and diplomacy in antebellum America

In 1835, sailor William Forster, a free black Bahamian, traveled to Florida aboard the Amelia, an American schooner from Baltimore engaged in a wrecking voyage. Upon arrival in the Key West harbor,...
Constructing vertical measurement logs using UAV-based photogrammetry: Applications for multiscale high-resolution analysis of coarse-grained volcaniclastic stratigraphy

Abstract Volcaniclastic stratigraphy can be difficult to map and describe due to its complex nature. However, such stratigraphy preserves information about fluctuations in volcanic activity and sedimentation and is vital to understanding volcanic systems. Uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) based analysis of volcanic stratigraphy can enhance mapping and analysis, especially on vertical surfaces where outcrop exposure is greatest. Here we present a method for using small UAVs to produce vertical grain size and bedding measurement logs, or quantitative stratigraphic columns, of vertical volcaniclastic stratigraphy. We demonstrate the range of high-accuracy measurements and parameters that can be collected for building measurement logs using consumer grade UAVs through a case study in the Marysvale volcanic field where we collected 34,422 grain measurements from 21 individual units. The purpose of producing such measurement logs is to enhance lithofacies analysis through the use of large quantitative datasets and improve the reproducibility of data reporting. Whereas descriptions of volcaniclastic units such as those describing grading are often reported qualitatively, we describe methods for calculating numerical parameters for enhanced lithologic analysis including grain size, grading, clast to matrix ratios, and shape characteristics. The methods described in this paper can enhance field data acquisition, mapping, and quantitative analysis of volcaniclastic deposits and are applicable to a wide range of other geologic settings where coarse-grained clastic sedimentary deposits exist.
Treatment Outcomes of Intracranial Myeloid Sarcomas: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective Intracranial myeloid sarcomas (IMS) are rare central nervous system manifestations of malignant hematopoietic neoplasms of myeloid origin such as acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. Reported cases in the literature are limited to primarily case reports. We present a systematic review of this rare central nervous system tumor, characterizing the clinical presentation, tumor location, histopathology, and available treatment modalities. We correlate these variables with mortality, recurrence, and complications to suggest optimal management strategies for IMS. Methods A systematic literature search was performed across Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase using 14 search terms in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This systematic review examines variables such as patient age, tumor location, size, presenting symptoms, treatment modality, extent of resection, and mortality. We performed descriptive analyses to identify bivariate associations between patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 34.8 years, and the most common etiology was acute myeloid leukemia (68.8%). The most common presenting symptoms were headache (45.5%), vision complaints (27.3%), and weakness/motor symptoms (21.2%). IMS were most commonly located in the temporal lobe (10.1%), cerebellum (10.1%), or falcine/parasagittal (10.1%) region. Patients who received radiotherapy (P 0.05). Conclusion The use of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy for IMS significantly reduces mortality, confirming IMS as a cranial manifestation of a systemic disease. Although surgical treatment is indicated for histopathologic diagnosis and to relieve mass effect, the extent of resection does not predict overall survival.
Tropism, susceptibility, infectivity, and cytokine releases of differentiated human tonsillar epithelial cells by different Influenza viruses

ABSTRACT Human tonsil epithelium cells (HTEC) are a heterogeneous group of actively differentiating cells comprising stratified squamous epithelial and reticulated crypt cells with abundant keratin expression. We hypothesized that the tonsils are a primary site for influenza infection and sustained viral replication. Primary HTEC were grown using an air-liquid culture and infected apically with different influenza viruses (IVs) to measure viral growth kinetics. These cultures were highly differentiated, with subpopulations of heterogenous surface stratified squamous cells rich with both cilia and microvilli; these cells contained more α2,6-linked sialic acids, those preferentially bound by human IVs, than α2,3-linked avian like sialic acids. The stratified squamous cells were interrupted by patches of reticular epithelial cells rich in α2,3-linked sialic acids. The HTEC were permissive for influenza A and B virus replication. Following infection, a subset of cells, mostly ciliated cells, underwent apoptosis while others remained intact despite being positive for IV nucleoprotein. H3N2 virus antigen colocalized with non-ciliated cells while H1N1 virus antigen was mostly associated with ciliated cells. Exposure of HTECs to IVs triggers an early proinflammatory response that fluctuates between viruses. The H3N2 IV induces an early response that persists, whereas pH1N1 induces a primarily late response in HTECs. Our results implicated HTEC as a site for IV replication. The HTEC differentiated system provides a valuable in vitro model for studying cellular tropism, infectivity, cytokine responses and the pathogenesis of IVs. IMPORTANCE To develop an effective intervention against influenza, it is important to identify host factors affecting transmission, pathogenesis, and immune response. Tonsils are lymphoepithelial organs characterized by infiltration of B and T lymphocytes into the squamous epithelium of tonsillar crypts, beneath which germinal centers play key roles in antigen processing and immune response. The heterogenicity of HTECs as well as the sialic acid distributions supports the replication of IVs and may play a role in IV adaptation. Furthermore, Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which tonsils are fully removed from the human throat and may contribute to the diverse outcomes among infected individuals.
Collaborating Across Cultures: Cultural Metacognition & Affect-Based Trust in Creative Collaboration

We propose that managers’ awareness of their own and others’ cultural assumptions (cultural metacognition) enables them to develop affect-based trust in their relationships with people from different cultures, enabling creative collaboration. Study 1, a multi-rater assessment of managerial performance, found that managers higher in metacognitive cultural intelligence (CQ) were rated as more effective in intercultural creative collaboration by managers from other cultures. Study 2, a social network survey, found that managers lower in metacognitive CQ engaged in less sharing of new ideas in their intercultural ties but not intracultural ties. Study 3 required participants to work collaboratively with a non-acquaintance from another culture and found that higher metacognitive CQ engendered greater idea sharing and creative performance, so long as they were allowed a personal conversation prior to the task. The effects of metacognitive CQ in enhancing creative collaboration were mediated by affect-based trust in Studies 2 and 3.
Detecting two photons with one molecule

Taking inspiration from the human eye, the authors propose using a five-level molecule to detect up to two photons of different frequency that arrive sequentially. They use two formalisms to develop this model: a density-matrix method to achieve analytical results and characterize the proposed detector, and a Hamiltonian method that they show is well suited for numerical calculations.
For Peat’s Sake: An Experiential Environmental Study Abroad Trip to Scotland

“Find the need and endeavor to meet it” is the motto of Sinclair College in Dayton, Ohio. In 2017 the board determined that strengthening international programs and services to students was a primary need for the college. The mission of the study abroad program at Sinclair College is to provide opportunities for Sinclair students to study and travel to countries outside of the United States. Through these programs, students will develop an understanding and appreciation of other cultures, increase cross-cultural communication skills, and develop a broadened perspective of the world. To encourage faculty to design programs to meet this need, the International Education Office offered a Faculty International Exploration Award providing funding for faculty to development an internationalized curriculum. Two of us, Jacqueline Housel (Geography) and Adrienne Cassel (English), who had been developing interdisciplinary classroom activities to foster awareness of environmental issues for several years, decided to collaborate and use the Award to design a study abroad program in Scotland for environmentally conscious students at Sinclair.
The utility of estuarine settling basins for constructing multi-decadal, high-resolution records of sedimentation

Abstract Obtaining long-term records of sediment flux and sources to estuaries is a major challenge in coastal and estuarine research due to the dynamic processes that actively work to remove the high-resolution, long-term sediment record. Examining cores from sediment-settling basins directly adjacent to or within estuarine systems provides a potential alternative means of establishing a history of estuarine sedimentation. As a recently established settling basin with high rates of sedimentation, Cape Lookout Bight, NC presents an ideal coastal environment to capture a long-term record of sedimentation. In 2010, a 4.6 m-long core was extracted from the deepest portion of the basin. Through lithologic description, grain-size, water content and radioisotope analysis (excess 210 Pb), a high-resolution geochronology of sedimentation has been established for the basin. The record begins with spit accretion that captured part of the marine shelf and formed the basin. A transition in sediment type from dominantly marine, through storm-induced overwash, to dominantly estuarine was identified in the basin. This transition reflects the increased trapping efficiency of fine estuarine mud due to the changing geomorphology of the settling basin. An abrupt increase in the rate of estuarine sedimentation occurred ∼1983–1985. After careful reconstruction of basin geomorphology, this increased rate of sedimentation is not attributed to internal dynamics within the basin, but instead is interpreted to be the result of increased estuarine sediment flux through Barden's Inlet from the upper estuary. This work underscores the importance of considering changing basin physiography and sediment dynamics before interpreting the paleo-record, as those mechanisms can hide or eliminate allogenic signatures from the sediment profile.
Decentralized filtered dynamic inversion for uncertain minimum-phase systems

Decentralized filtered dynamic inversion is a control method for uncertain linear time-invariant systems that are minimum phase, have multi-input multi-output decentralized subsystems, and are potentially subject to unknown disturbances. This controller requires limited model information, specifically, knowledge of the relative degree and an estimate of the first nonzero Markov parameter for each local subsystem. Decentralized filtered dynamic inversion is effective for command following and rejection of unknown disturbances. We derive the decentralized filtered-dynamic-inversion controller and analyzes the closed-loop stability and performance (i.e., command-following error). We show that for sufficiently large choice of a single control parameter the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable, and the average power of the performance is arbitrarily small.
Phase diagrams and cluster expansions for low temperature models: I. The phase diagram

Low temperature phase diagrams of two-dimensional Open image in new window quantum field models are constructed. Let Open image in new window lie in an (r−1)-dimensional space of perturbations of a polynomial withr degenerate minima. Perform a scaling Open image in new window and assume λ«1. We constructk distinct states on\(\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} r \\ k \\ \end{array} } \right)\) hypersurfaces of codimensionk−1 in the space of perturbations. An expansion is used to exhibit exponential clustering of the Schwinger functions of each of these states. At the core of the construction is a general technique for finding the thermodynamically stable phases from a collection of competing minima. We draw on ideas of Pirogov and Sinai [24] for this problem.
Purification and characterization of DNA polymerase II from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae : identification of the catalytic core and a possible holoenzyme form of the enzyme

We have purified yeast DNA polymerase II to near homogeneity as a 145-kDa polypeptide. During the course of this purification we have detected and purified a novel form of DNA polymerase II that we designate as DNA polymerase II. The most highly purified preparations of DNA polymerase II are composed of polypeptides with molecular masses of 200, 80, 34, 30, and 29 kDa. Immunological analysis and peptide mapping of DNA polymerase II and the 200-kDa subunit of DNA polymerase II indicate that the 145-kDa DNA polymerase II polypeptide is derived from the 200-kDa polypeptide of DNA polymerase II. Activity gel analysis shows that the 145- and the 200-kDa polypeptides have catalytic function. The polypeptides present in the DNA polymerase II preparation copurify with the polymerase activity with a constant relative stoichiometry during chromatography over five columns and co-sediment with the activity during glycerol gradient centrifugation, suggesting that this complex may be a holoenzyme form of DNA polymerase II. Both forms of DNA polymerase II possess a 3'-5' exonuclease activity that remains tightly associated with the polymerase activity during purification. DNA polymerase II is similar to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-independent form of mammalian DNA polymerase delta in its resistance to butylpheny-dGTP, template specificity, stimulation of polymerase and exonuclease activity by KCl, and high processivity. Although calf thymus PCNA does not stimulate the activity of DNA polymerase II on poly(dA):oligo(dT), possibly due to the limited length of the template, the high processivity of yeast DNA polymerase II on this template can be further increased by the addition of PCNA, suggesting that conditions may exist for interactions between PCNA and yeast DNA polymerase II.
Nos Cruzamentos entre a Performance e a Pedagogia: uma revisão prospectiva

Este texto e uma versao ampliada e revista de Teaching is performance, de 1994, no qual eu propunha um marco conceitual para mapear as intersecoes generativas entre educacao libertadora e o emergente paradigma da performance critica. Essa revisao situa aquele ensaio nas inovacoes teoricas e metodologicas contemporâneas em pedagogia da performance e utiliza uma nova poetica da escrita performativa como metodo que representa a pesquisa educacional influenciada pela performance.
Identifying Crowding Stress‐Tolerant Hybrids in Processing Sweet Corn

Published in Agron. J. 107:1782–1788 (2015) doi:10.2134/agronj15.0011 Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. AbstrACt Improvement in tolerance to intense competition at high plant populations (i.e., crowding stress) is a major genetic driver of corn (Zea mays L.) yield gain the last half-century. Recent research found differences in crowding stress tolerance among a few modern processing sweet corn hybrids; however, an investigation of interactions with other factors would reveal a deeper understanding of crowding stress tolerance in sweet corn. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare yield, recovery, and processor profitability of sweet corn hybrids grown under conditions of crowding stress, and (ii) determine if an interaction exists between N fertilization and hybrid on crop response to crowding stress. Twenty-six hybrids were grown under suboptimal and supraoptimal N fertilization at 72,000 plants ha–1, a level beyond the optimal population of the most crowding stress-tolerant hybrid. Results showed hybrid and N fertilization had no interactive effect on key variables of interest to the sweet corn processing industry, namely green ear mass, recovery, case production, and gross profit margin. Therefore, hybrid rankings were consistent whether the crop was N stressed or not. Relative to the poorest performing hybrid, the highest performing hybrid grown at an elevated population yielded 50% more green ear mass, 61% greater case production, and 71% higher gross profit margin. This work demonstrated a simple method to identify processing sweet corn hybrids with the best tolerance to crowding stress. Significant gains in sweet corn productivity may be realized by growing such hybrids at plant populations higher than currently used.
Real Exchange Rate Dynamics: The Role of Elastic Labor Supply

Abstract Empirical evidence suggests that the flexibility of labor supply is closely related to the dynamic adjustment of the real exchange rate. This paper investigates this relationship in a two-sector dependent economy model. While, the long-run equilibrium real exchange rate is independent of the elasticity of labor supply, our analysis confirms that the nature of the labor supply can be a crucially important determinant of its short-run dynamics. The extent to which this is so depends to some degree on the source of the underlying structural change that is driving the dynamics of the real exchange rate. Numerical simulations confirm that this mechanism may help explain the larger short-run volatility and more rapid convergence typically associated with developing countries having less flexible labor markets.
Magnetic alteration of zero-age oceanic basalt

The youngest sampled submarine lava flow, which erupted June 1993 on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, provides the basis for a tight constraint on the initial or zero-age magnetization state of MORB. Detailed profiles of magnetic hysteresis parameters, Curie temperatures, and unblocking temperatures of NRM with respect to the chilled margin of a pillow fragment show evidence of significant oxidation, which preferentially affected the finest grain-size fraction and principal remanence carrier of the titanomagnetite magnetic mineralogy. The oxidation must have occurred during or immediately after initial cooling, implying that MORB is already appreciably magnetically altered before aging. Nevertheless, successful results of Thellier paleointensity experiments on the basalt sample lend support to the idea that crustal magnetization represented by MORB preserves a record of geomagnetic intensity variations that may be reflected in small-scale magnetic anomalies.
Fuel sloshing in a spherical tank filled to an arbitrary depth

Dynamic analysis of liquid in a spherical tank with applications to trajectory failure and loss of control in missile and rocket flight
Essential laminations and deformations of homotopy equivalences: from essential pullback to homeomorphism☆

Abstract In this paper we develop techniques for using essential laminations to deform homotopy equivalences of 3-manifolds to homeomorphisms.
Escherichia coli mutants with temperature-sensitive synthesis of DNA.

Seven mutants of E. coli with temperature-sensitive synthesis of DNA have been isolated. Synthesis of RNA, protein and DNA precursors does not appear to be directly affected. The mutants can be divided into at least two groups on the basis of their pattern of DNA synthesis, their ability to support phage growth at 41° and their genetic mapping. Mutants of the first group are heterogeneous in their pattern of DNA synthesis at 40°. Some mutants cease DNA synthesis abruptly upon transfer to 40° and any residual DNA synthesis is barely detectable. In others there is substantial residual synthesis at 40°. All these Group 1 mutants are alike, however, in that they support the growth of phage T4 but not Lambda at 41°. Two mutants with barely detectable residual DNA synthesis carry DNA mutations which have been mapped by P1 transduction and show about 72% linkage to the malB locus. It has not yet proved possible to map accurately the mutants showing substantial residual synthesis, and the possibility that these mutations are in a different gene(s) has not been excluded. A single mutant has been placed in a second group. Like some Group 1 mutants it synthesizes substantial amounts of DNA at 40° before synthesis stops. However, unlike them it supports the growth of T4 and Lambda at 41°. The DNA mutation maps near the leu locus. Certain properties of this mutant are consistent with the idea that initiation of DNA synthesis is temperature-sensitive in this strain.
Pediatric sex cord-stromal tumor with composite morphology: a case report.

A 12-year-old female with developmental delay/mental retardation and a family history of gynecologic cancers presented with nonspecific abdominal complaints and was found to have a 4.5-kg, 25-− × 23-− × 15-cm pelvic mass with solid and cystic components and associated retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies revealed increased serum levels of CA-125 and inhibin B. Histologically, the tumor exhibited several different morphologic appearances including adult granulosa cell tumor, juvenile granulosa cell tumor (with areas of marked atypia), and Sertoli cell tumor. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for calretinin, MIC-2 (CD99), S100 protein, PGP 9.5, and neuron-specific enolase. Electron microscopy of the Sertoli cell tumor-like areas showed Charcot-Bottcher filaments, a distinguishing feature of Sertoli cells. Together, these findings supported a diagnosis of mixed sex cord-stromal tumor including granulosa cell tumor of adult and juvenile types and intermediate- to high-grade Sertoli cell tumor, with large areas of markedly atypical sex cord-stromal tumor.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a Mueller matrix to be derivable from a Jones matrix

Necessary and sufficient conditions for an optical system characterized by a Mueller matrix to be characterized by a Mueller–Jones, and thence by a Jones, matrix are considered, and the issue of measurement error is examined. It is shown that a Mueller matrix can be expressed as a linear combination of at most four trace orthonormal Mueller–Jones matrices, and an algorithm for the construction is given.
Legislator ideology and capital punishment: The special case for Indiana juveniles

Previous research shows that state legislators often hold diverse opinions on issues related to crime and criminal justice. This body of research also reveals that general policy concerns (such as policing, sentencing, and corrections) do not galvanize lawmakers along sharp political lines, as does the policy of capital punishment. Through a survey of legislators in Indiana which measured political ideology and other factors, this paper considers levels and correlates of support for the practice of executing juveniles who commit murder. The state of Indiana is considered a special case because it legally maintains the lowest minimum execution age in the nation. Findings are compared to legislators' attitudes and correlates of support for adult capital punishment and to existing public opinion polls on the death penalty for both juveniles and adults. It is suggested that a significant difference exists in levels of legislators' support for these two types of capital punishment. It is also suggested that a ...
Lessons learned from operating Global Ocean Observing networks

Abstract The Global Ocean Observing System Center (GOOSC) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory operates two global observing networks, a drifting buoy array, and a Voluntary Observing Ship network. The arrays provide in real time surface atmospheric and subsurface oceanographic data needed by NOAA weather and climate forecasters. The data are used in delayed mode to verify model simulations of the ocean and atmosphere, to provide in situ calibration/validation data for remote sensing observations, and to increase understanding of the dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere. The operational and research lessons learned in the operation of the GOOSC are reviewed. Operationally, it was learned that, because of costs, international participation is required to maintain global networks; data management methodology is a critical component of operations; and integrated observing systems using multiple platforms provide more accurate pro...
How the worm removes corpses: the nematode C. elegans as a model system to study engulfment

Apoptotic cell death in the nematode C. elegans culminates with the removal of the dying cells from the organism. This removal is brought forth through a rapid and specific engulfment of the doomed cell by one of its neighbors. Over half a dozen genes have been identified that function in this process in the worm. Many of these engulfment genes have functional homologs in Drosophila and higher vertebrates. Indeed, there is growing evidence supporting the hypothesis that the pathways that mediate the removal of apoptotic cells might be, at least in part, conserved through evolution.
Hollowing the Infrastructure: Revolving Loan Programs and Network Dynamics in the American States

Trends toward more complex intergovernmental programs and greater use of public-private arrangements carry implications for public management, since these developments signify challenges for administrators called upon to manage within hollowed institutional settings: interorganizational networks for effectuating policy. The implications of such shifts are explored by examining one important program change of the last decade: the move away from federal grant support for municipal wastewater treatment infrastructure and toward the creation of separate state revolving-loan funds (SRFs). National regulatory standards remain, but the central place of the EPA in the infrastructure effort has shifted largely into other hands, with consequences for the implementation of policy. Altered policy instruments stimulate the formation of more complex network patterns involving new actors who offer needed technologies. These changes carry implications for program operations and results. Evidence from the operations of SRFs suggests that these developments are significant and also that public management has become, if anything, even more consequential in such networked contexts.
Does clofibrate mobilize cholesterol from tissues

Abstract Previous work by the authors (1) showed that in the high-lipid-fed rat, clofibrate (CPIB) lowered the deposition of cholesterol in the aorta and kidney. The possibility was raised that CPIB might mobilize cholesterol from these organs. This possibility was also raised by Tolman et al. (2) in their paper. Kritchevsky et al. (3) raised another possible explanation for the production of lower tissue cholesterol levels produced by CPIB when they showed that mitrochondria from CPIB-fed rats had an increased ability to oxidize labeled cholesterol in vitro . In the following experiment an attempt was made to prove or disprove the thesis that CPIB had a cholesterol mobilizing effect from tissue.
Status of Correction Magnet Systems in the Main Ring at Fermilab

For reducing the chromaticity and suppressing various resonances, several systems composed of trim quadrupoles, skew quadrupoles, regular and skew sextupoles and octupoles are now used in the main ring. These systems make it possible to achieve the transmission in the main ring of 90% or better for the routine operation with the intensity in excess of 1013 protons per pulse. In particular, insertion of one-inch plastic spacers in chromaticity correcting sextupoles has been very effective in compensating for high-order nonlinear fields in the bending magnets.
Product environmental metrics for printers

Hewlett-Packard's Imaging & Printing Group (IPG) is charting a course towards environmental leadership in its markets. To do this, IPG must look beyond just satisfying the regulations and identify opportunities for groundbreaking improvement. Carefully designed metrics are necessary to guide design, chart progress and set goals in this effort. IPG's Environmental Strategy Team is leading an initiative to establish these metrics internally. This paper describes the development process the authors followed to construct the initial metrics, which are focused on the "carbon footprint" of products under development. The paper also discusses the lessons learned developing the initial metrics, the results achieved thus far, implementation details, challenges, and future opportunities for improvement.
Application of ion beam analysis (RBS and ERD) to the surface chemistry study of leached minerals

Labradorite feldspar (Ca0.61Na0.38Al1.61Si2.40O8.00) samples were reacted in solutions having pH values of 1–12 at 45°C. 2.8 MeV He RBS was used to profile the elemental constituents. 24 MeV Si ERD was applied to obtain the H-inventories. For pH < 4, the reacted near-surface region was found to be Si-rich and depleted in Al, Ca, and Na. The H uptake, however, was found to be much less than would be expected for exchange by H as H2O or H3O+. This discrepancy has been interpreted as evidence for the repolymerization of the near-surface region with subsequent loss of H2O. For pH values of 5–12, the dissolution is congruent and there is no apparent H uptake. The porous nature of the leached and repolymerized region has been established by RBS measurements on samples leached in a 0.01N HCl-H216O solution (pH = 2) and then placed in an 18O solution for varying time intervals (total time in both solutions constant at 404.25 h). Enrichment of 18O and depletion of 16O (over a leached depth of about 1000 A) was observed for times greater than 17.5 h in the 18O solution. The formation of a porous layer at low pH values which allows rapid diffusion to the interface has important implications for scenarios of rock-solution interaction.
Phylogenetic and experimental characterization of an acyl-ACP thioesterase family reveals significant diversity in enzymatic specificity and activity

Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (acyl-ACP TEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the thioester bond that links the acyl chain to the sulfhydryl group of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of ACP. This reaction terminates acyl chain elongation of fatty acid biosynthesis, and in plant seeds it is the biochemical determinant of the fatty acid compositions of storage lipids. To explore acyl-ACP TE diversity and to identify novel acyl ACP-TEs, 31 acyl-ACP TEs from wide-ranging phylogenetic sources were characterized to ascertain their in vivo activities and substrate specificities. These acyl-ACP TEs were chosen by two different approaches: 1) 24 TEs were selected from public databases on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and fatty acid profile knowledge of their source organisms; and 2) seven TEs were molecularly cloned from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Cuphea viscosissima, organisms that produce medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids in their seeds. The in vivo substrate specificities of the acyl-ACP TEs were determined in E. coli. Based on their specificities, these enzymes were clustered into three classes: 1) Class I acyl-ACP TEs act primarily on 14- and 16-carbon acyl-ACP substrates; 2) Class II acyl-ACP TEs have broad substrate specificities, with major activities toward 8- and 14-carbon acyl-ACP substrates; and 3) Class III acyl-ACP TEs act predominantly on 8-carbon acyl-ACPs. Several novel acyl-ACP TEs act on short-chain and unsaturated acyl-ACP or 3-ketoacyl-ACP substrates, indicating the diversity of enzymatic specificity in this enzyme family. These acyl-ACP TEs can potentially be used to diversify the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway to produce novel fatty acids.
Low-energy theorem in the radiative decays of charged pions

A low-energy theorem is derived for the structure-dependent axial-vector form factor in the radiative decay $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}l\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ using current-algebra techniques. By saturation of the sum rule with a few low-lying resonances, an estimate is made which is compared with experiments.
Orchestrating composite Web services under data flow constraints

A composite service is typically specified using a language such as BPEL4WS and orchestrated by a single coordinator node in a centralized manner. The coordinator receives the client request, makes the required data transformations and invokes the component Web services as per the specification. However, in certain scenarios businesses might want to impose restrictions on access to the data they provide or the source from which they can accept data. Centralized orchestration can lead to violation of these data flow constraints as the central coordinator has access to the input and output data of all the component Web services. In many cases existing methods of data encryption and authentication are not sufficient to handle such constraints. These data flow constraints, thus, present obstacles for composite Web service orchestration. In this paper we propose a solution for orchestrating composite Web services under data flow constraints. The solution is based on decentralized orchestration, in which a composite Web service is broken into a set of partitions, one partition per component Web service. To overcome data flow constraints, each partition is executed within the same domain as the corresponding component Web service and hence, has the same access rights. However, there are, in general, many ways to decentralize a composite Web service. We apply a rule based filtering mechanism to choose a set of partitions that does not violate the specified dataflow constraints.
Allelopathic, Autotoxic, and Hormetic Effects of Postharvest Sugarcane Residue

With green sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) harvesting, 6 to 24 Mg ha -1 of postharvest residue is deposited on the field surface covering the sugarcane stubble that must reemerge for several ratoon crops. The objectives of this research were to: (i) determine if postharvest residue possesses allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic properties; (ii) determine the interaction of soil type with possible autotoxic effects; and (iii) identify a reliable indicator species. Extract concentrations consisted of 0, 0.1, 10, 25, and 100% of the original solution of a 1:28 tissue to water extract. The higher concentrations of residue extracts exhibited autotoxicity by delaying early leaf development. The lower extract concentration of 10% increased sugarcane bud germination by 45% compared with the control, indicating hormetic effects. Allelopathic activity on tall morninglory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.) was more pronounced on a light soil; germination and radical length were reduced by all concentrations by an average of 42% and 8 mm, respectively, compared with the control. Seedling dry weights were reduced by an average of 10 mg by the 10, 25, and 100% extract concentrations relative to the control. On the heavy soil, only the 100% concentration reduced radical length and weight by 5 mm and 4 mg, respectively, relative to the control. Extract effects on oat (Avena nuda L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) showed poor correlation with effects on sugarcane. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography/ mass spectrotometry indicated the extract contained benzoic acid. Further studies are needed to establish the impact of benzoic acid in natural settings.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 77. DNA hybridization detection at high amplification with [Ru(bpy)3]2+-containing microspheres.

An ultrasensitive DNA hybridization detection method based on electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) using polystyrene microspheres/beads (PSB) as the carrier of the ECL labels, namely, tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2), is reported. Probe single-stranded DNA (p-ssDNA) was attached to the surface of magnetic beads (MB) and hybridized with target-ssDNA (t-ssDNA) with immobilized PSB containing a large number of water insoluble Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2 species (∼7.5 × 109 molecules/bead). With this approach a large amplification factor of Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2 molecules for each t-ssDNA can be achieved, when each PSB is attached to a limited number of t-ssDNA. The p-ssDNA−MB ↔ t-ssDNA−PSB/Ru(bpy)32+ conjugates formed were magnetically separated from the reaction media and dissolved in MeCN containing tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as an ECL coreactant. ECL was produced with a potential scan from 0 to 3.0 V versus Ag/Ag+, and the integrated ECL intensity was found...
Recent advances in scenario-based training for medical education.

Purpose of review To summarize recent thinking about how to best design simulations and other virtual environments in medical education and training. Recent findings On the basis of work done in a military context, I describe an approach to scenario-based training and provide a conceptual framework in which developmental activities can be organized. This approach emphasizes the linkages among learning objectives, scenario events, performance measures, instructional strategies and feedback in creating effective scenario-based training. Summary In presenting this framework, I hope that medical educators and practitioners can have a deeper appreciation for how to best design and implement scenario-based training.