cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study Design and Preliminary Results of Safety and Efficacy of Ranolazine for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P4.450)

Objective: To determine the safety and tolerability of two doses of ranolazine in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to look for preliminary evidence for drug-target engagement. Background: There is a pressing need for additional therapies, as the only FDA-approved medications for ALS, riluzole and edaravone, have shown modest effects in ALS. Many studies suggest neuronal hyperexcitability plays a key pathological role in ALS and is potentially amenable to therapy. Hyperexcitable motor neurons have increased persistent Na + channel conduction and reduction in K + currents. Ranolazine is an FDA-approved drug for angina which inhibits the late Na + current and intracellular Ca 2+ accumulation. Design/Methods: Open-label dose-ascending study of ranolazine in ALS. A total of 20 participants in 2 sequential cohorts will be enrolled. Cohort 1 will receive ranolazine 500 mg orally twice daily. If there are no dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) after the first 6 participants reach week 6, then we will start recruiting for cohort 2, who will receive ranolazine 1000 mg oral twice daily. We will use muscle cramp questionnaire to assess cramp frequency and severity, muscle ultrasound to assess fasciculation frequency, and repetitive nerve stimulation with cramp-fasciculation protocol to assess the cramp potential and excitability. Our primary outcome will be DLT defined as any drug-related serious adverse event, or drug-related adverse event necessitating study withdrawal. For secondary outcomes, the questionnaire and procedures explained above will be performed at baseline, before and after the drug is started. Results: We will present the interim results at the time of the meeting. Conclusions: Our hypothesis is that ranolazine may be neuroprotective in ALS by reducing neuronal hyperexcitability, may slow disease progression, reduce cramp frequency, and will be well tolerated. Study Supported by: Not applicable Disclosure: Dr. Hamasaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dimachkie has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Dr. Dimachkie is on the speaker’s bureau or is a consultant for Baxalta, Catalyst, CSL Behring, Mallinckrodt, Novartis and NuFactor. He has received grants from Alexion, Biomarin, Catalyst, CSL-Behring, FDA/OPD, GSK, MDA, NIH, Novartis, Orphazyme and TM. Dr Pasnoor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Glenn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jawdat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herbelin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jabari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barohn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Statland has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Strongbridge, Acceleron, Regeneron, and Sanofi.
Superior Performance of 5-nm Gate Length GaN Nanowire nFET for Digital Logic Applications

We investigate the performance of 5-nm gate length GaN nMOS nanowire field effect transistor (GaN-NW-nFET) of various geometrical shapes, around the limits of cross-sectional scalability, using atomistic quantum transport simulations. For square cross-sections, the benchmarking results with the simulated Si-NW-nFET reveal over 30% enhancement in GaN drive current in both low standby power (LP − $I_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}=1$ nA/ $\mu \text{m}$ ) and high performance (HP − $I_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}=100$ nA/ $\mu \text{m}$ ) applications. Further performance enhancement is observed with the use of non-square geometries that are akin to GaN’s wurtzite crystal structure. Particularly, for ${T}_{\text {nw}}=2.4 $ mn, triangular cross-section GaN-NW-nFETs exhibit the smallest subthreshold swing, down to 62 mv/decade, excellent drive current, ${I}_{\text {DSAT}} > 2\times 10^{6}\,\, \mu \text {A}/ \mu \text {m}^{2}$ and superior energy-delay product compared to simulated Si-NW-nFET.
Stereoselective dihydroxylation of 2-alkyl- and 2,4-dialkyl-2-amido-3-cyclohexen-1-ones. Synthesis of enantiomerically related 2-alkyl- and 2,4-dialkyl-3-hydroxy-1- oxocyclohexan-2,4-carbolactones by complementary buturolactonization reactions

Abstract Stereoselective dihydroxylation of 2a-2f gives cis -diols 3a-3f, from which hydroxylactones 5a-5f are obtained by an acid-catalyzed process involving retro aldol-realdolization.
NEIL2 plays a critical role in limiting inflammation and preserving genomic integrity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells

Abstract The accumulation of Helicobacter pylori infection-induced oxidative DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells is a risk factor for developing gastric cancer (GC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that the suppression of NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific mammalian DNA glycosylase, is one such mechanism via which H. pylori infection may fuel the accumulation of DNA damage during the initiation and progression of GC. Using a combination of cultured cell lines and primary cells, we show that expression of NEIL2 is significantly down-regulated after H. pylori infection; such down-regulation was also seen in human gastric biopsies. The H. pylori infection-induced down-regulation of NEIL2 is specific, as Campylobacter jejuni has no such effect. Using gastric organoids isolated from the murine stomach in co-culture studies with live bacteria mimicking the infected stomach lining, we found that H. pylori infection was associated with IL-8 production; this response was more pronounced in Neil2 knockout (KO) mouse cells compared to wild type (WT) cells, suggesting that NEIL2 suppresses inflammation under physiological conditions. Interestingly, DNA damage was significantly higher in Neil2 KO mice compared to WT mice. H. pylori-infected Neil2 KO mice showed higher inflammation and more epithelial cell damage. Computational analysis of gene expression profiles of repair genes in gastric specimens showed the reduction of Neil2 level is linked to the GC progression. Taken together, our data suggest that down-regulation of NEIL2 is a plausible mechanism by which H. pylori infection derails DNA damage repair, amplifies the inflammatory response and initiates GCs.
Therapeutic Inertia in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Time to Move the Bar.

The decline in cardiovascular (CV) mortality over the last 50 years can be largely attributed to advances in preventive care [(1)][1]. Despite these improvements, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide [(1)][1]. Recent advances in
Research development of non-pharmacological intervention in the feeding intolerance in the premature infants

Preterm infant feeding intolerance, diagnostic criteria, related factors and clinical manifestations have been elaborated. Non-pharmacological interventions in the feeding intolerance in the premature infants were reviewed as the reasonable way of feeding, the best choice of appropriate milk and position, early trace elements feeding, nursing intervention of oral movements and timely neonatal massage. Key words: Non-pharmacological intervention; Premature infant; Feeding intolerance; Literature review
Subverting the Platform Flexibility of Twitter to Spread Misinformation

This chapter examines the evolution of Twitter from a platform for sharing ideas to one where users can engage in disruptive, negative, or nefarious activities because of platform features. We articulate this development by distinguishing Twitter’s primary design from its current deceptive use, particularly through an exploration of how users spread misinformation through the platform’s more recently modified features: the Fav to Like button, increased character limit, and the timeout function. We discuss the concepts of dark, gray, and light patterns as they relate to Twitter’s design principles. The resulting definitions allow for a better understanding and an easier detection of manipulative knowledge-sharing, and explore the development of countermeasures.
Should we monitor troponin up to peak value when evaluating for acute coronary syndrome

No. Once troponin is over the 99th percentile, finding the peak value does not aid in diagnosis.
Abstract 6273: TTK inhibition radiosensitizes basal-like breast cancer through impaired homologous recombination

Background: Basal-like breast cancer (BC) has the highest rates of local recurrence despite the use of radiation therapy. Therefore, approaches for radiosensitization are critically needed for patients with this subtype of BC. Methods: Four independent datasets were used to correlate gene expression with local recurrence (LR) and Kaplan-Meier analysis validated the impact of TTK expression on LR. The METABRIC dataset was used to determine TTK expression in BC subtypes. Clonogenic survival assays were used to determine the radiosensitization of cell lines after TTK inhibition (TTKi). Mouse models were used to assess TTKi in combination with RT in vivo. DNA damage was quantified using γH2AX staining. HR and NHEJ efficiency assays were performed using HR/NHEJ specific reporter systems. HR competency was also assessed using Rad51 foci formation assays. Rescue experiments were performed using wild-type (WT) and kinase-dead (KD) TTK plasmids in combination with siRNA targeting the UTR region of TTK. Results: Ten genes were found to significantly correlate with early LR (≤3 years) after surgery and radiation across 4 independent datasets (N=896 pts), with TTK, a cell cycle kinase, ranked the highest. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in multiple cohorts demonstrated that higher than median TTK expression correlates with decrease LR free survival after RT (HR 1.70-2.42, p 35 days], p Conclusion: These data support TTKi as a radiosensitizing strategy for clinical development in basal-like BC patients and that radiosensitization is mediated, at least in part, through impaired HR repair. Citation Format: Benjamin Chandler, Leah Moubadder, Cassandra Ritter, Meilan Liu, Meleah Cameron, Kari Wilder-Romans, Amanda Zhang, Andrea Pesch, Anna Michmerhuizen, Nicole Hirsh, Marlie Androsiglio, Tanner Ward, Eric Olsen, Yashar Niknafs, Sofia Merajver, Dafydd Thomas, Powel Brown, Theodore Lawrence, Shyam Nyati, Lori Pierce, Arul Chinnaiyan, Corey Speers. TTK inhibition radiosensitizes basal-like breast cancer through impaired homologous recombination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6273.
Clinical approaches to minimize iatrogenic weight gain in children and adolescents

Clinical providers may underestimate the role of management of diseases that can occur with obesity, termed co-morbid conditions, distinct from disease that arise as a result of obesity, co-morbidities. Many of these conditions are associated with iatrogenic weight gain, and can interfere with weight loss outcomes in children and adolescents with obesity. Management of co-morbid conditions, and thoughtful selection of medications associated with weight neutrality or weight loss may increase the effectiveness of obesity treatment strategies. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the literature and discuss considerations for obesity treatment in the context of the more complicated patient, which often requires strategic management of co-morbid conditions and minimizing iatrogenic weight gain.
Stem cell therapy prior to full-mouth tooth extraction lacks substantial clinical efficacy in cats affected by chronic gingivostomatitis.

ObjectivesThe aim of this pilot study was to determine the safety, efficacy and immunomodulatory function of systemically administered adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in cats affected...
Characterization of [18F]N-(9-(4-fluoroethylbenzyl)-9-aza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3α-yl)-N-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)carbamate (1) as a potential σ2 receptor radiotracer for PET

1874 Objectives: It has been demonstrated that the σ2 receptor is a potential receptor-based biomarker for imaging the proliferative status of solid tumors (Brit. J. Cancer 2000, 82: 1223). Therefore, radiotracers that target the σ2 receptor may be a good strategy for imaging the proliferative status of solid tumors using noninvasive imaging procedures such as positron emission tomography (PET). We have identified compound 1 as a selective σ2 receptor ligand. The Ki for σ1 is 1711 nM, Ki for σ2 is 0.82 nM and the σ1:σ2 is 2086. The goal of the current study is to evaluate [18F]1 as a radiotracer for imaging the σ2 receptor status of breast tumors. Methods: The synthesis of [18F]1 was accomplished by heating the corresponding mesylate precursor with [18F]/fluoride. Biodistribution studies were conducted in BALB/c mice implanted subcutaneously in the scapular region with EMT-6 mammary tumor cells. Animals were injected in the tail vein with 20-25 μCi of the 18F-labeled radiotracer and were sacrificed at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection. Results: [18F]1 was prepared in an overall yield of ~50% and a specific activity of ~4200 Ci/mmol. In vivo biodistribution studies indicate that there is a high uptake of the radiotracer in tumor at 5 min post-injection (1.39 ± 0.34 %ID/g). However, there was also a very high uptake of radioactivity in the lung (111.0 ± 13.5 %ID/g) at 5 min post-injection and a significant increase in the uptake of radioactivity in fat (12.6 ± 0.6 %ID/g) at 2 h post-injection. Although the compound showed favorable tumor:blood ratios, the tumor:fat ratio was less than 1.0 at all timepoints. These data suggest that formation of a radiolabeled lipophilic metabolite occurs which will preclude the use of [18F]1 as a radiotracer for imaging the σ2 receptor status of solid tumors. Conclusions: In spite of its promising in vitro binding properties, [18F]1 is not a potential radiotracer for imaging the σ2 receptor status of solid tumors in vivo with PET. Research Support (if any): Supported by CA102869 and DAMD 17-01-1-0446.
City and Countryside

In this chapter, the author starts with the example of “city failure” – Detroit filed for bankruptcy in 2013 – and writes about the contraction between the shrinking cities in North America and Europe and the expanding cities in Asia which caused by the restructurings of global industries. He analyzes in detail how China’s reform and opening-up policy started in the late 1970s has promoted the radical urbanization, how the redistribution of social resources in the process of urbanization has led to serious social conflicts, and how urbanization has led to depopulation and decline in rural areas. He then commented on the wider and faster urbanization after the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo due to China’s vigorous investment in infrastructure such as highways and high-speed rail. He believed that the improvement of mobility, the population evacuation of large cities and the influx of overflowing capital into small and medium-sized cities and rural areas have changed the imbalance of regional development, but also have brought pressure on ecological environment, agricultural production and historical preservation to rural areas. While examining these problems of urbanization, the author also takes the Bishan Project as an example, puts forward possible solutions from the perspective of “rural reconstruction,” and shares how he applied the experience of “placemaking” accumulated in countryside to the later city regeneration and historical preservation project – Kwan-Yen Project in Yantai, Shandong Province.
Quasi-Optical Ring Resonator Diplexf.rs: Theory and Experiment

Performance of quasi-optical ring resonator diplexers with plane parallel plate resonator, cylindrical resonator and toroidal resonator mirrors are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental models have been constructed and tested at 100 GHz. Our results indicate that for diffraction limited cases significant improvement in performance of diplexer may be achieved by utilizing a toroidal reflector properly designed to phase-match the input Gaussian beam from local oscillator.
Association Between Food Insecurity and Diet Quality Among Early Care and Education Providers in the Pennsylvania Head Start Program.

Introduction Food insecurity affects dietary behaviors and diet quality in adults. This relationship is not widely studied among early care and education (ECE) providers, a unique population with important influences on children's dietary habits. Our study's objective was to explore how food insecurity affected diet quality and dietary behaviors among ECE providers. Methods We used baseline data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial (January 2019-December 2020) on 216 ECE providers under the Pennsylvania Head Start Association. We used radar plots to graph scores for the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 and fitted a multivariate regression model for diet quality measures, adjusting for covariates. Results Among the 216 participants, 31.5% were food insecure. ECE providers who were food insecure had a lower AHEI-2010 mean score (mean difference for food insecure vs food secure = -4.8; 95% CI, -7.8 to -1.7; P = .002). After adjusting for covariates, associations remained significant (mean difference = -3.9; 95% CI, -7.5 to -0.4; P = .03). Food insecure ECE providers were less likely to use nutrition labels (22.8% vs 39.1%; P = .046) and more likely to report cost as a perceived barrier to eating fruits and vegetables. Conclusion We found a significant inverse association between food insecurity and the AHEI-2010 diet quality score among ECE providers after adjusting for covariates. More studies are needed to examine the effects of food insecurity on dietary behaviors of ECE providers and their response to nutrition education programs targeting their health.
Effects of seed weight, plant density and spacing on yield responses of onion

SummaryThe effects of seed weight, plant density and spacing on maturity date and yield of fresh market onions were studied in the field. No two or three-way interactions were observed with seed weights averaging 5.2, 4.5 and 3.4 mg, densities ranging from 7 to 100 plants m-2 and rectangularities of 1.8 and 7.0. The different seed weights did not produce any yield differences but bulbs from the heavier seed exhibited leaf collapse two days earlier than those from small seed. Small differences (< 1 leaf on the average) were also observed in the numbers of scale and green leaves. Yields were positively associated with density and negatively associated with rectangularity. Days to maturity, green leaf number, ring number and bulb size all decreased as both density and rectangularity increased. Lower yields attributable to rectangularity were largely due to decreases in ‘jumbo’ (7.5-11.5 cm) size bulbs while higher yields attributable to density were due to increases in medium (5.5-7.5 cm) size bulbs. The ove...
Caracterização quali-quantitativa da matéria orgânica do solo

As avaliacoes quantitativas da materia orgânica do solo, isoladamente, nao sao suficientes para satisfazer as expectativas da investigacao cientifica com respeito as suas caracteristicas e propriedades, visando a sustentabilidade do solo sob diversas formas de manejo. Uma abordagem completa requer um conjunto de metodologias capazes de considerar o relacionamento entre o acumulo de materia orgânica e a sua localizacao fisica na matriz do solo, bem como a caracterizacao das suas fracoes. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma abordagem das metodologias empregadas nas caracterizacoes da materia orgânica do solo e discutir aspectos relacionados a sua compartimentalizacao e as implicacoes na sustentabilidade de solos agricolas. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
The mechanism of introduction of alkyl groups at C-24 of sterols. IV. Inhibition by triparanol.

Abstract C1 transfer to the Δ24 bond of 8,24-lanostadien-3β-ol (lanosterol) or of 9,19-cyclo-24-lanosten-3β-ol (cycloartenol) was inhibited by triparanol when either of the two steroids was incubated with methionine as the C1 source in a cell-free system from germinating peas. Specificity was demonstrated by the failure of triparanol to inhibit any of the steps between mevalonate and squalene. The mechanism of inhibition is probably through coordination of the lone electron pair of the nitrogen atom of triparanol with the electrophilic center of the enzyme which then interferes with binding of the Δ24 substrate to the enzyme.
Review of Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, 6th edition

Changes from previous editions of this book are minimal and include brief treatments of data bases such as AFIS, CODIS, IBIS, DRUG FIRE, a list of important factors relative to providing rt testimony, a reasonable explanation of DNA testing processes, and a short section on the need for professional ethics. In the preface the author listed the O. J. Simpson case as a new topic, but only made reference to that case in the context of the impact of the investigation without any explanation.
Using a Clinical Surveillance System to Detect Drug-Associated Hypoglycemia in Nursing Home Residents.

Objectives To determine whether a clinical surveillance system could be used to detect drug-associated hypoglycemia events and determine their incidence in nursing home (NH) residents. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Four NHs in western Pennsylvania. Participants Any resident of the four NHs who had a computer-generated alert detecting potential drug-associated hypoglycemia over a 6-month period were included. Measurements Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all variables, including the frequency and distribution of alert type according to glucose threshold. Analyses were conducted according to numbers of alerts and residents. The medications associated with the drug-associated hypoglycemia alerts were identified, and frequency of their inclusion in alerts was calculated. Additional calculations included time to drug-associated hypoglycemic event alert from date of admission and frequency of events associated with postacute, short-stay (≤35 days) admissions. Results Seven hundred seventy-two alerts involving 141 residents were detected. Ninety (63.8%) residents had a glucose level of 55 mg/dL or less, and 42 (29.8%) had a glucose level of 40 mg/dL or less. Insulin orders were associated with 762 (98.7%) alerts. Overall incidence of drug-associated hypoglycemia events was 9.5 per 1,000 resident-days. Conclusion Hypoglycemia can be detected using a clinical surveillance system. This evaluation found a high incidence of drug-associated hypoglycemia in a general NH population. Future studies are needed to determine the potential benefits of use of a surveillance system in real-time detection and management of hypoglycemia in NHs.
Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology

Abstract Previous reviews on ejectors for expansion work recovery have provided detailed discussions of operating characteristics and control of ejector cycles, zero-dimensional ejector modeling, ejector geometry effects, and alternate ejector cycles. However, important advances in the field of ejector technology have occurred since previous reviews were written. Several focuses of recent ejector research are the development of multi-dimensional CFD ejector models, investigation of alternate ejector cycles and uses of the work recovered by the ejector, implementation of effective control strategies for ejector cycles, and application of ejectors in real systems. The objective of this paper is to present a review of developments in the use of ejectors for expansion work recovery in vapor-compression systems focusing on the past several years. Although the first commercial applications are being introduced to the market, it is suggested that future works continue in these areas in order to make ejectors more suitable for additional applications.
Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults, and its incidence and prevalence increase progressively with age. As a result, AF-associated morbidity and mortality increase with age. Therefore, because even asymptomatic AF markedly increases the risk of stroke and other embolic events, aggressive treatment is warranted in order to avoid the potentially devastating sequelae of this condition. Goals for the treatment of AF in the elderly population should primarily focus on alleviation of symptoms and prevention of strokes, while minimizing potential toxic effects of polypharmacy. Rate control should be optimized with atrioventricular (AV) nodal-blocking agents. The decision of anticoagulation should be individualized for each patient, balancing the risk of stroke against the risk for major bleeding complications. In elderly patients without symptoms, rate control and anticoagulation is the preferred method of treatment. Antiarrhythmic therapy to maintain sinus rhythm is generally reserved for patients with significant symptoms attributable to AF. However, simply maintaining sinus rhythm has not been proven to decrease stroke risk; therefore, longterm anticoagulation is recommended even in patients who are in sinus rhythm on antiarrhythmic drugs. AV nodal ablation with implantation of a pacemaker is a safe and excellent method of rate control for elderly patients who do not respond adequately to pharmacotherapy. Other invasive procedures, such as pulmonary vein isolation and Cox-Maze operations, are associated with high risks of complications in the elderly and are generally not recommended. Postoperative AF is common in the elderly population, and its development in high-risk patients should be anticipated and promptly treated to avoid potential hemodynamic compromise and prolonged hospitalization.
The Framing of Purchase for Services

Illustrates, through both actual and hypothetical examples, the importance to services marketers of recent empirical and theoretical work on decision framing. Suggests that services marketers could have more opportunity than product marketers for affecting the decision frames of consumers. Discusses implications for service marketers, including how decision framing can effect the positioning of service firms in an industry. Considers how the frame can affect the decision of whether or not to purchase, and how changes in the decision frame might encourage consumers to purchase more expensive alternatives.Notes ethical issues raised for marketers by these implications.
Human computing for interactive digital media

Widespread adoption of interactive, peer-to-peer digital media will require a solution to the Privacy, Sharing, and Interest (PSI) problem: how can we know what the user wants to share with whom, and when, without burdening the user with constant updating of lists of approved users and sharing preferences? We argue that real-time analysis of user behavior provides an automatic PSI capability, allowing media to be automatically and proactively shared with a much lower user burden.
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) has been shown in this report to have thirty-three polypeptides. Ten of the eleven polypeptides which can be labeled with (3H)-glucosamine are located on the surface of the virus since they can be surface labeled with sodium boro(3H)hydride. In order to define the immunologically important viral proteins, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the virus and selected for their ability to neutralize infectivity. Four such hybridoma lines were obtained for characterization of the antigens that elicit neutralizing antibodies. The viral polypeptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the specificity of each monoclonal antibody was determined by “Western” blot analysis and/or by immunoprecipitation of (35S)-methionine and (3H)-glucosamine labeled infected cell lysates by the monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody reacted with two glycoproteins, gp135 and gp78a, on the “Western” blot but immunoprecipitated three glycoproteins, gp135, gp78a, and gp54 from labeled infected cell lysates. The other three monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated a single glycoprotein, gp78b, from (3H)-glucosamine labeled infected cell lysates but not from (35S)-methionine labeled infected cell lysates.
Kinetic Theory of Polyatomic Gases

A classical‐mechanical kinetic theory of dilute gases is developed for molecules with arbitrary degrees of freedom and interacting according to an arbitrary potential. The Boltzmann equation for the truncated singlet distribution function is derived by application of a general form of the divergence theorem, and the equilibrium solution is obtained from an H theorem for the fluid. The solution of the Boltzmann equation by a procedure of the Chapman—Enskog type is described for the case of molecules having translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Formulas for the transport properties of the gas are obtained in the form of multidimensional integral functionals of the intermolecular potential function.
A monte carlo of plotting positions

A Monte Carlo study was made of the effects of using simple linear regression, on the appropriate probability paper, to estimate parameters, quantiles and cumulative probability for several distributions. These distributions were the Normal, Weibull (shape parameters 1, 2, and 4) and the Type I largest extreme-value distributions. The specific objective was to observe differences arising from choice of plotting positions. Plotting positions used were i/(n+l), (i−3)/(n+.04), (i−.5)/n, either (i−.375)/(n+.25) or (i−.4)/(n+.2), and either F[E(Yi)] or F[E(£n Y)]. For each combination of 4 sample sizes (n=10(10)(40)), distribution, and plotting position, regression lines were found for each of N =9999 samples. Each regression line was used to estimate: (1) quantiles of 9 specific probabilities, (2) probabilities of 9 specific quantiles, and (3) return periods corresponding to 9 specific quantiles. Compa[rgrave]ison of the mean, variances, mean square error and medians of these estimates and of the regression c...
Basophilic blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

![Figure][1] A 29-year-old man with an 8-year history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was referred to our institution for marked leukocytosis and 3% blasts (white blood cells [WBC], 338.7 × 109/L; neutrophils, 159.2 × 109/L; myelocytes, 88.1 × 109/L; basophils, 47.4 × 109/L) (panel A).
Patient outcome as a selection criterion in determining treatment mode.

The climate of health care reform encourages scrutiny of traditional and new forms of medical and surgical therapy. With the emergence of technologically innovative cardiac procedures, therapy advocates must weigh cost versus patient outcomes. Therapies range from purely medical management, through staged interventions, to median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. Outcomes will necessarily be related to quality of life. A literature search was performed to determine types of medical and surgical therapies associated with patient outcomes as they define quality of life. Medical treatment may include the use of anti-platelet therapy, beta-blockers and diuretics to treat the cardiac patient at low risk who can maintain an acceptable quality of life. Improvements in medical therapies may extend the life of the low-risk patient, eliminating the need to consider bypass surgery. Some patients at high risk, or with left ventricular hypertrophy combined with an impaired ejection fraction, may require coronary ...
Correlation between TGF-β genotypes and acute and chronic rejection in cardiac transplant recipients

CORRELATION BETWEEN TGFGENOTYPES AND ACUTE AND CHRONIC REJECTION IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS R.L. Benza, J.P. Barchue, H.E. Grenett, C.S. Coffey, J.A. Tallaj, B.K. Rayburn, L.J. Pinderski, S.V. Pambokian, D.C. McGiffin, J.K. Kirklin, R.C. Bourge, Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Isolation and partial characterization of a novel basement membrane collagen.

Abstract A guanidine-HCl extraction of lens capsule basement membrane dissolves collagenous material. This material was fractionated on an Agarose A-5M column. Fractions 1, 2 and 3 were further purified and partially characterized immunochemically and by amino acid analysis. Fraction 3 has a molecular weight of 55,000 when compared with collagen type I standard. The CNBr peptide pattern and composition of fraction 3 are different from those of α 1(IV) 95K and α 2(IV) 95K chains. The results described suggest the presence of a new chain in lens capsule basement membrane.
A hard nut to crack: rapid evolution in the Kona Grosbeak of Hawaii for a locally abundant food source (Drepanidini: Chloridops kona)

Abstract The Kona Grosbeak (Chloridops kona), last seen in 1892, was restricted to a small mid-elevation area on the leeward (Kona) side of the island of Hawaii. It was reported to feed almost exclusively on the fruits of the naio tree (Myoporum sandwicense), which are extremely hard, requiring a force of perhaps 400 newtons or more to open. The morphology of the skull and mandible of the Kona Grosbeak was accordingly much more modified for the hypertrophied adductor musculature needed to crack naio fruits than its closest relative, the Wahi Grosbeak (Chloridops wahi), which has been found as fossils on most of the other main Hawaiian islands. The Wahi Grosbeak is here hypothesized to have fed on less resistant seeds, such as those of the Hawaiian prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum spp.). Naio is widely distributed in diverse habitats in the Hawaiian Islands but its fruits were apparently an energetically viable food source only on relatively young (ca. 1200 year old) aa lava flows on the dry side of Hawaii, where ...
Anodic Insulated Tantalum Oxide Electrocardiograph Electrodes

The use of anodic tantalum oxide films as insulators for insulated electrocardiograph electrodes is described. These films have better chemical and electrical properties than the previously reported aluminum oxide films. The electrodes performed satisfactorily.
Atomistic simulation of an f.c.c./b.c.c. interface in NiCr alloys

Abstract The embedded atom method is applied to study the atomic structure and energy of an f.c.c./b.c.c. interface in NiCr. The two phases are oriented in a Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship, and the interface considered is the (1 2 1) f habit plane adopted by precipitate laths of the b.c.c. phase. The interfacial energy and coherent strain energy at 0 K are calculated for boundaries between an f.c.c. NiCr solid solution and b.c.c. Cr. The calculated interfacial energy varies from 216 mJ/m 2 when the f.c.c. phase is pure Ni to 200 mJ/m 2 when the f.c.c. phase is Ni50 at. % Cr. Atomic relaxations appear limited to atoms in contact with the interphase boundary. Most of the interfacial energy is attributed to the structural difference across the f.c.c./b.c.c. boundary, and the chemical contribution to the energy is estimated to be less than 20% of the total energy. The value of the calculated energies and the widespread occurrence of the (1 2 1) f habit plane in a variety of alloy systems indicate this boundary orientation has a relatively low interfacial energy.
The inner magnetosphere: a review

This paper addresses research achievements during roughly the period 1991–1993 pertaining to the inner magnetosphere including the radiation belts, plasmasphere, and ring current region. It also addresses issues concerning the magnetic fields, electrical currents, and particle precipitation properties that relate to this region of the solar-terrestrial system. Recent analysis and modeling of magnetospheric substorms and geomagnetic storms affecting the inner edge of the plasma sheet are discussed and the regions from the geostationary orbit inward toward the Earth are examined in light of new observational and theoretical tools.
How should we classify intersex disorders

The term disorders of sex development (DSD) has achieved widespread acceptance as replacement for the term intersex, but how to classify these conditions remains problematic. The LWPES-ESPE (Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology) Consensus Group proposed using the karyotype as a basis for classification; however, this is but a crude reflection of the genetic makeup, is diagnostically non-specific, and is not in itself relevant to subsequent clinical developments. The historical classification of intersex disorders based on gonadal histology is currently out of favor, being tainted by association with the terms hermaphroditism and pseudohermaphroditism. We believe this is regrettable, for the histology of the gonad remains fundamental to the understanding of normal and aberrant sexual development by medical students and residents in training, as well as being a major determinant of clinical outcome for the patient. We propose a comprehensive classification of those DSD conditions generally regarded as belonging under the heading of intersex, based on gonadal histology. Biopsy will not be required when the diagnosis is clearly established biochemically or by gene studies as the histology can be confidently predicted. It will only be required when an ovotestis or dysgenetic gonad is suspected in order to determine the definitive diagnosis.
GPS‐based mapping system reveals lightning inside storms

Great Plains storms are known for their ability to produce severe weather. They are also prodigious producers of lightning; just how prodigious has been vividly illustrated by observations in central Oklahoma with a new Global Positioning System (GPS)-based lightning mapping system.The observations are useful not only for studying storm electrification but also provide a valuable indicator of storm structure and intensity. The system maps lightning in three spatial dimensions by measuring the times at which impulsive VHF radiation events arrive at a network of ground-based measurement stations. Low-cost GPS receivers provide sufficient timing accuracy to produce high-quality pictures of the total lightning activity over a large area.
The write stuff.

Michelle Francl suggests that students should be trained to write in a fashion similar to how they are taught the principles and practice of NMR spectroscopy — by providing them with a limited set of patterns and parameters.
The Metaphysics of Mixed Inferences: Problems with Functionalist Accounts of Alethic Pluralism

Alethic pluralists argue truth is a metaphysically robust higher-order property that is multiply realized by a set of diverse and domain-specific subvening alethic properties. The higher-order truth property legitimizes mixed inferences and accounts for a univocal truth predicate. Absent of this higher-order property, pluralists lack an account of the validity of mixed inferences and an adequate semantics for the truth predicate and thereby appear forced to abandon the central tenets of alethic pluralism. I argue the use of many-valued logics to support pluralism fails to address the pluralist’s metaphysical problem regarding mixed inferences and mixed truth functional connectives. The high degree of heterogeneity of the alethic realizers (unlike the realizers for pain) challenges the plausibility of a single higher-order functional property. A functional property with such a heterogeneous base cannot be projectable at a theoretically significant level. The problem with mixed inferences and truth functions is but one symptom of the deeper projectability problem.
Effect of estradiol-17β on glucose and proline uptake in plasma membrane vesicles from the R3230AC rat mammary carcinoma

Abstract Purified plasma membrane vesicles isolated from R3230AC rat mammary tumors displayed carrier-mediated and stereospecific uptake. Uptake was shown to be proportional to protein concentration, sensitive to increasing osmolarity, and inhibited only by substrates entering by the same carrier. Carrier-mediated glucose uptake was inhibited rapidly by estradiol-17β and phloretin in a dose-dependent manner, whereas proline uptake was not affected by estradiol-17β. The data suggest that the inhibition of glucose by estradiol and phloretin, originally observed in whole cells, occurs by an interaction of the steroid with a component on the plasma membrane. In contrast, the lack of effects of estradiol on proline transport into vesicles implies that intracellular components may have mediated the estrogen-induced effects observed in whole cells.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection and discrimination of polychlorinated biphenyls

Abstract Herein we present progress towards an analytical sensor for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from partition layer-modified nanostructured substrates. Specifically, both alkanethiol and perfluoroalkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been formed on a silver film over nanospheres (AgFON) substrate to concentrate PCBs within the zone of electromagnetic enhancement that facilitates SERS detection and molecular identification. Among the five partition layers used in this work, decanethiol (DT) facilitated the most efficient PCB detection; thus, other important PCB sensor characteristics were explored using the DT-modified SERS substrate. Limit of detection studies indicate that it will be possible to detect 50 pM PCB without further substrate or instrumental optimization. A time response study demonstrated that the maximum PCB SERS signal is achieved within 1 min of substrate exposure, a promising result for future in-field PCB detection. To test the sensor's ability to distinguish one PCB compound from another, the DT-modified AgFON substrates were exposed to both PCB-47 (2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl) and PCB-77 (2,2′,3,3′-tetrachlorobiphenyl). The measured SERS spectra allowed easy distinction between the two similar compounds based on the C–Cl and aromatic peak locations. Additionally, exposure of the PCB sensor substrate to a common environmental interferant, Suwannee River fulvic acid, did slightly increase the spectral fluorescence background but did not impede PCB detection or identification. An ideal environmental sensor would be reusable, and, in fact, this work demonstrates that the partitioned PCB can be removed from the DT-modified AgFON substrate simply by incubating in octanol for 5 min so that the sensor can be reused. Finally, systematic examination of the measured SERS spectra with varied PCB exposure concentration and alkanethiol partition layer chain length gave insight into the molecular interactions between the SAM and the PCB analyte, demonstrating that some monolayer ordering is necessary to promote efficient PCB partitioning but that monolayers with highly crystalline character reduce partitioning efficiency.
On geometry of tracks in dielectric nuclear track detectors

Abstract Dielectric nuclear track detectors are now being utilized in a variety of research applications involving registration of heavily ionizing charged particles. Many situations call for the identification of particle charge Z , energy E , and possibly the mass M 1,2 ). In these cases, a detailed knowledge of the etched track geometry is necessary to make possible computation of the relevant track parameters from the measured track features. Geometry of etched particle tracks can be quite complex. In this paper some of the most relevant aspects of track geometry are derived and discussed in considerable detail. Two basic assumptions are made: the detector is isotropic and homogeneous, and the particle ionization rate remains constant over the etched portion of the track. Track specification and measurement parameters are developed for a variety of different situations.
Silver Plating from Acid Complex Iodide Baths

Bright, adherent electrodeposits of silver are obtained at a pH of 1.7 from a bath containing 0.24 N silver, 3.47 N potassium iodide and 0.05 N sulfuric acid, with a current efficiency of 95 per cent. The quality of deposit is equivalent to that obtainable from cyanide baths. Baths containing, respectively, citric, acetic, maleic, and hydrochloric in place of the sulfuric acid, give similar results. The acid component functions as a proton donor ; no specific anion reaction is apparent. Both quality and efficiency increase as the pH is decreased from 3.0 to 0.65.
Leveraging customers’ multiple identities: identity synergy as a driver of organizational identification

Marketers want to encourage constituents to strongly identify with their organizations, because organizational identification contributes to positive firm outcomes. However, the extant research on organizational identity largely has overlooked the fact that an individual’s “self” actually is a collection of multiple social identities. This study is the first to propose and empirically demonstrate that marketers can leverage customers’ multiple societal roles (e.g., parent, environmentalist, professor) to build and reinforce their relationships with the firm. Specifically, the research introduces the concept of “identity synergy.” Identity synergy occurs when individuals’ involvement with an organization facilitates their pursuit of other important social identities. Our study shows that customer perception of identity synergy is positively related to identification with an organization. Moreover, the study helps explain the process by which antecedents of organizational identity (identity affirmation, identity support, and value congruence) positively affect customer-firm relationships by proposing and testing identity synergy as a mediator between these antecedents and organizational identification. The study also contributes to our understanding of organizational identity theory by introducing the new concept of peer identification, or identification with other members of the organization, such as other customers or volunteers. The empirical evidence demonstrates identity synergy’s role in building peer identification, as well as peer identification’s role in building organizational identification.
The Labour Market in a Dual Economy: Another Look at Colonial Rhodesia

A labour market model is developed for the formal sector of a labour surplus economy, allowing for monopsony power by firm owners and an inelastic supply of labour with respect to the wage rate. This inelasticity arises even though the wage rate in the traditional sector may be ‘fixed’ due to surplus land, and the supply of labour to the traditional sector responds quite positively to an exogenous increase in the (implicit) wage rate there. This labour supply function is derived from a simple utility maximisation model incorporating the spatial aspects of temporary migration to the formal sector.
Lipid Bilayer Domain Fluctuations as a Probe of Membrane Viscosity

We argue that membrane viscosity, ηm, plays a prominent role in the thermal fluctuation dynamics of micron-scale lipid domains. A theoretical expression is presented for the timescales of domain shape relaxation, which reduces to the well-known ηm = 0 result of Stone and McConnell in the limit of large domain sizes. Experimental measurements of domain dynamics on the surface of ternary phospholipid and cholesterol vesicles confirm the theoretical results and suggest domain flicker spectroscopy as a convenient means to simultaneously measure both the line tension, σ, and the membrane viscosity, ηm, governing the behavior of individual lipid domains.