cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data density and poor organization: analyzing the performance and Attentional effects of two aspects of display clutter

Display clutter has been shown to lead to breakdowns in attention and performance during visual search in data-rich domains. However, the contribution of, and interaction between, the two key aspects of clutter - data density and poor organization - are not well understood. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by systematically varying both factors and collecting performance and eye tracking data. This data was then used to analyze the performance and underlying attentional costs resulting from the two aspects of clutter. Participants performed visual search tasks in a simulated graphics program. Data density (density of icons) and display organization (grouping of icons) were manipulated. The dependent measures were response time, error rate, eye movements, and subjective clutter ratings. Results confirmed the negative effects of high data density and poor organization on response time and error rate. More importantly, eye tracking metrics reflected the effects of data density and organization on a...
3-D Visualization and Analysis of Biomedical Images Using ANALYZE

Human vision provides an extraordinarily powerful and effective means for acquiring information. Much of what we know about ourselves and our environment has been derived from images — images produced by various instruments, ranging from microscopes to telescopes which extend the range of human vision into realms beyond that which is naturally accessible. Ever since the invention of the microscope and discovery of x-rays, physicians, surgeons, and life scientists have been using images to diagnose and treat disease and to better understand basic physiology and biology. The objects imaged span orders of magnitude in scale, ranging from molecules and cells to organ systems and the full body. However, the ability to extract objective and quantitatively accurate information from biomedical images has not kept pace with the ability to produce the images themselves. Recent advances in computer technology and software have provided remarkable capabilities to help close this gap. The ANALYZE system developed in our laboratory provides comprehensive, detailed capabilities for quantitative investigations and evaluation of multidimensional biomedical images. ANALYZE facilitates realistic simulations and accurate determination of biological, medical and surgical structure-to-function relationships. ANALYZE provides increased sensitivity and specificity in quantitative analyses of cells, tissues, organs and complete biological systems, spanning the spectrum from molecules to man. These capabilities promise exciting new insights into the basic processes of life, and major advances in health care delivery through improved diagnosis and treatment of disease.
The ecophysiology and global biology of c4 photosynthesis

Introduction The appearance of the C 4 photosynthetic pathway in the Earth’s flora represents one of the most impressive and curious examples of evolutionary diversification and biogeographic expansion in the history of life (Ehleringer and Monson, 1983). This complex pathway, involving novel patterns of biochemical compartmentation and anatomical design, has evolved with independent but convergent patterns approximately fifty times during the relatively short geological span of 12–15 million years (Kellogg, 1999; Monson, 1999; Sage, 2004; Christin et al. , 2007). The appearance of C 4 photosynthesis has changed the nature of photosynthetic productivity and ecosystem structure on Earth, both regionally and globally. Grassland ecosystems emerged in southwestern Asia, Africa and North America during the mid- to late-Miocene (5–10 Ma) and continued through the Pliocene, (~3Ma), with many of these systems dominated by C 4 species (Cerling, 1999; Beerling and Osborne, 2006). During the appearance of C 4 grasslands, the trophic structures of grazed ecosystems were completely revised, resulting in the emergence of novel mammalian lineages (Cerling et al. , 1993; Wang et al. , 1994; MacFadden and Cerling, 1996; Ehleringer et al. , 1997). Arguably, there is not a better example in the history of life to illustrate the tightly integrated nature of evolutionary novelty and ecological impact, as that shown in C 4 photosynthesis. Clearly, C 4 photosynthesis, though present in only 8,000 of the estimated 250,000 higher plant species, deserves a significant role in the discussion of plant biology.
Improved Glass Surface Passivation for Single-Molecule Nanoarrays

Single-molecule fluorescence techniques provide a critical tool for probing biomolecular and cellular interactions with unprecedented resolution and precision. Unfortunately, many of these techniques are hindered by a common problem, namely, the nonspecific adsorption of target biomolecules. This issue is mostly addressed by passivating the glass surfaces with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush. This is effective only at low concentrations of the probe molecule because there are defects inherent to polymer brushes formed on glass coverslips due to the presence of surface impurities. Tween-20, a detergent, is a promising alternative that can improve surface passivation, but it is incompatible with living cells, and it also possesses limited selectivity for glass background over metallic nanoparticles, which are frequently used as anchors for the probe molecules. To address these issues, we have developed a more versatile method to improve the PEG passivation. A thin film of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) i...
Abstract IA15: Membrane targeting of Ras

Ras proteins are targeted to membranes by virtue of post-translational modifications of their C-terminal hypervariable regions (HVRs). Because Ras proteins signal only when associated with cellular membranes, the Ras trafficking pathway is considered an attractive area for anti-cancer drug discovery. The three mammalian Ras genes, hras, nras and kras, give rise to four Ras proteins because the transcript of the kras locus is alternatively spliced to encode K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B. The kras locus is most often mutated in human cancer and when mutated gives rise to oncogenic forms of both K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B. The four Ras protein differ only in their membrane targeting HVRs. Each Ras protein ends in a CAAX sequence, which signals for a three-step modification that includes farnesylation, AAX proteolysis and carboxyl methylation. N-Ras, H-Ras and K-Ras4A are further modified by palmitoylation of one or two cysteines upstream of the CAAX sequence. Palmitoylation of N-Ras and H-Ras occurs on the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi apparatus. Whereas farensylation affords relatively weak membrane affinity, palmitoylation of the farnesylated protein provides stable association with membranes. Palmitoylation is readily reversible and a palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle drives a cycle of trafficking to and from the Golgi. K-Ras4B is unique in utilizing a polybasic sequence upstream of the CAAX motif to associate with the plasma membrane through an electrostatic interaction. We have shown that K-Ras4B can be phosphorylated by PKC at serine 181 in the HVR and this modification partially neutralizes the electrostatic charge such that K-Ras4B loses affinity for the plasma membrane and is relocated on endomembranes in a process we have called the farnesyl-electrostatic switch. Because phosphorylation of K-Ras4B is associated with diminished cell viability we have explored the possibility that induction of phosphorylation of oncogenic K-Ras4B may be one way to target K-Ras transformed cells. Other aspects of K-Ras biology that will be discussed are the relative expression of K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B and the unique membrane trafficking of K-Ras4A. A K-Ras4B membrane release assay suitable for siRNA and small compound screening will also be discussed. Citation Format: Frederick Tsai, Nicole Fehernbacher, Pamela Sung, Helen Court, Mark R. Philips. Membrane targeting of Ras. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-IA15
Reliability Analysis of Nonlinear 3-D Frames with PR Connections by SFEM

An efficient stochastic finite element-based procedure is proposed for the reliability analysis of three-dimensional frames with partially restrained (PR) connections. The method is based on the Advanced First-Order Second-Moment reliability analysis procedure. The Richard model is used to describe the flexible behavior of connections. The assumed stress field approach is used in the finite element formulation to compute the nonlinear structural response and the corresponding response gradients. The material properties, geometry, connection parameters and external loads are considered to be random variables. The failure criteria of the structure are expressed in terms of the ultimate and serviceability limit state functions. The proposed method directly provides information on the structural reliability.
Hydrogen sulfide alleviates hypertensive kidney dysfunction through an epigenetic mechanism

Hypertension is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and renal inflammation is an integral part in this pathology. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to mitigate renal damage through reduction in blood pressure and ROS; however, the exact mechanisms are not clear. While several studies have underlined the role of epigenetics in renal inflammation and dysfunction, the mechanisms through which epigenetic regulators play a role in hypertension are not well defined. In this study, we sought to identify whether microRNAs are dysregulated in response to angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension in the kidney and whether a H2S donor, GYY4137, could reverse the microRNA alteration and kidney function. Wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice were treated without or with ANG II and GYY4137 for 4 wk. Blood pressure, renal blood flow, and resistive index (RI) were measured. MicroRNA microarrays were conducted and subsequent target prediction revealed genes associated with a proinflammatory response. ANG II treatment significantly increased blood pressure, decreased blood flow in the renal cortex, increased RI, and reduced renal function. These effects were ameliorated in mice treated with GYY4137. Microarray analysis revealed downregulation of miR-129 in ANG II-treated mice and upregulation after GYY4137 treatment. Quantitation of proteins involved in the inflammatory response and DNA methylation revealed upregulation of IL-17A and DNA methyltransferase 3a, whereas H2S production enzymes and anti-inflammatory IL-10 were reduced. Taken together, our data suggest that downregulation of miR-129 plays a significant role in ANG II-induced renal inflammation and functional outcomes and that GYY4137 improves renal function by reversing miR-129 expression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated epigenetic changes that occur in the hypertensive kidney and how H2S supplementation reverses adverse effects. Inflammation, aberrant methylation, and dysfunction were observed in the hypertensive kidney, and these effects were alleviated with H2S supplementation. We identify miR-129 as a potential regulator of blood pressure and H2S regulation.
Positive experiences and outcomes in youth sport: Towards a global framework

This talk will present a global vision for sport that incorporates the necessary elements for a developmentally sound approach to youth sport involvement. The literature around three basic elements of youth sport that change throughout development will be discussed: 1) personal engagement in activities, 2) quality relationships, and 3) appropriate settings. When these three elements are adapted for specific sport contexts they create an engaging and positive environment that, when repeated on a regular basis, leads to changes in the personal assets of the participants involved. Changes in participants' personal assets, such as Competence, Confidence, Connection, and Character (i.e., the 4 Cs; Little, 1993), have long been associated with positive sport experiences leading to long-term outcomes, including continued participation and higher levels of performance and personal development through sport (i.e., the 3 Ps). The enhancement of personal assets (e.g. the 4 Cs) through sport does not, however, occur automatically and needs to be explicitly integrated in the activities, relationships, and settings in which sport takes place. Research that has examined the three basic elements of youth sport (activities, relationships, and settings) and its association to personal assets and long-term outcomes will be discussed as a way to conceptualize development in sport through time. This global framework will also be used to introduce the different topics of the symposium.
Dental Therapy: Communities Lead the Way for Improved Oral Health

The article discusses the creation and expansion of the Dental Health Aide Therapy (DHAT) Program which provides education and a college degree for dental therapists from Alaskan native communities who provide education, prevention and treatment of patients and expand access to oral care.
Living Lean: Brian's Lunch Dilemma

This case is part of the "Living Lean" series, which presents accessible, everyday scenarios for a Lean process-improvement journey. In this episode on inventory management, a couple looks for ways to economize on lunches to save for a trip to Italy. Excerpt UVA-OM-1435 Rev. Nov. 15, 2013 Living Lean: Brian's Lunch Dilemma Brian and Tonya were constantly bickering about ways to put money aside for a vacation to Rome. For some reason, these discussions always seemed to involve the packing of lunches. The two of them required 40 lunches each month. They calculated that sandwich-and-drink cart stops and sit-down lunch meetings averaged out to $ 15 each, whereas lunches brought from home averaged $ 5. The latter also tended to be both more nutritious and more conducive to weight control, a priority for both. Theoretically, if they brought their lunches from home every day, they could put $ 400 a month into an escrow account for their Rome vacation, which over 12 months would net $ 4,800—enough for a nice 10-day stay. . . .
Spatializing environmental education: Critical territorial consciousness and radical place-making in public schooling

ABSTRACTIn this case study of an environmental education (EE) program run in public schools of Rio de Janeiro, I use a constructivist spatial analytic to interrogate notions of space, place, and territory in critical EE practices. I examine the connections between socioenvironmental relations, counter-hegemonic political activity, and education by delving into the ideological characteristics of this EE effort, which seeks to subvert the reproduction of capitalist social relations. This case study shows that critical territorial consciousness can be used as a political strategy of representation and recognition for subjugated classes engaging in radical place-making within exploited territories. I find that critical pedagogies of place ideologically attuned to territoriality can foster a spatialized—in a sense, grounded—approach to the emancipatory ideals of decolonization.
LEARNING BY EXPLORATION

Abstract The purposes of this research are to investigate how people learn by exploration and what problems they encounter while doing so. and to define design features for easy-to-explore interactive systems. Two groups of five subjects (naive and knowledgeable with computers) participated in a two hour experiment wherein they learned a menu-driven personal computer system. They were asked to think aloud during the session; their actions and the system's responses were recorded by videotape. Results show that learners are cognitively active when they explore: they put up explanations, draw analogies, form hypotheses, run small experiments to test and retine their knowledge, etc. They also encounter serious difficulties: confusion, misinterpretations, tangles of errors, side-tracking, dead-ends, etc. Learners' attitudes about exploration are globally positive but not monolithic. No clear between-groups difference appears in the processes used for exploring, nor in the difficulties encountered, nor in learners' attitudes. This paper discusses some ways for improving the ease of exploration of interactive systems.
Finding the first Americans.

For much of the 20th century, most archaeologists believed humans first colonized the Americas ∼13,500 years ago via an overland route that crossed Beringia and followed a long and narrow, mostly ice-free corridor to the vast plains of central North America. There, Clovis people and their descendants hunted large game and spread rapidly through the New World. Twentieth-century discoveries of distinctive Clovis artifacts throughout North America, some associated with mammoth or mastodon kill sites, supported this “Clovis-first” model. North America's coastlines and their rich marine, estuarine, riverine, and terrestrial ecosystems were peripheral to the story of how and when the Americas were first settled by humans. Recent work along the Pacific coastlines of North and South America has revealed that these environments were settled early and continuously provided a rich diversity of subsistence options and technological resources for New World hunter-gatherers.
Central Banks and the Payment System

Central bank involvement in the payment system has traditionally focused on insulating the real economy from disruptions in the banking system. Since the banking system is also the payment system, activities such as bank examination, discount window lending, deposit insurance, capital requirements, and recent efforts to reduce settlement failure risks on large value payment networks all contribute to minimising payment system disruptions. The purpose of this paper is to outline seven areas associated with the payment system which deserve, and in some countries have received, greater central bank attention. These areas primarily concern payment system cost, operating efficiency, and access.
GeriActive: Wearable app for monitoring and encouraging physical activity among older adults

The ability to monitor a person's level of daily activity can inform self-management of physical activity and assist in augmenting behavioral interventions. For older adults, the importance of regular physical activity is critical to reduce the risk of long-term disability. In this work, we present GeriActive, an application on the Amulet wrist-worn device that monitors in real time older adults' daily activity levels (low, moderate and vigorous), which we categorized using metabolic equivalents (METs). The app implements an activity-level detection model we developed using a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM). We trained our model using data from volunteer subjects (n=29) who performed common physical activities (sit, stand, lay down, walk and run) and obtained an accuracy of 94.3% with leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation. We ran a week-long field study to evaluate the usability and battery life of the GeriActive system where 5 older adults wore the Amulet as it monitored their activity level. Their feedback showed that our system has the potential to be usable and useful. Our evaluation further revealed a battery life of at least 1 week. The results are promising, indicating that the app may be used for activity-level monitoring by individuals or researchers for health delivery interventions that could improve the health of older adults.
Frequency-of-Seeing Curves and Contour Interaction

(1986). Frequency-of-Seeing Curves and Contour Interaction. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 19-28.
1725c Protecting youth from pesticides: successes of the rotterdam convention in generating data and including youth in risk management programmes

Pesticides are among the most serious risks to the health of agricultural workers and surrounding rural communities. Occupational exposure to pesticides occurs while applying, mixing, washing contaminated clothes and empty containers etc. and through different exposure routes. The Rotterdam Convention is a multilateral agreement aiming at protecting human health and environment from the risks of hazardous pesticides and other chemicals that are still on trade and, for this reason, widely used in agriculture. To support developing countries and economies in transition, there is a specific article for detecting problems with certain pesticide formulations in the field. Under this framework, good experience has been gained in collecting data on occupational exposure to pesticides in the field, with a particular focus on vulnerable groups (women, children, young workers, seasonal workers) and in different regional contexts such as in the Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia and in Africa. To provide guidance to Parties, a tool for monitoring and reporting pesticide poisoning incidents (Severely Hazardous Pesticide Formulation – SHPF toolkit) has been developed with information on methodologies for data collection, examples of incident reporting systems and several awareness-raising materials. Reporting on pesticide incidents to the Rotterdam Convention has the advantage of making those incidents known to the world by sharing information with other countries which experience the same problems with specific pesticide formulations and allowing them to see if risk management measures are properly taken into account at national level.
EMI1 switches from being a substrate to an inhibitor of APC/CCDH1 to start the cell cycle.

Mammalian cells integrate mitogen and stress signalling before the end of G1 phase to determine whether or not they enter the cell cycle1–4. Before cells can replicate their DNA in S phase, they have to activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), induce an E2F transcription program and inactivate the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/CCDH1, also known as the cyclosome), which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that contains the co-activator CDH1 (also known as FZR, encoded by FZR1). It was recently shown that stress can return cells to quiescence after CDK2 activation and E2F induction but not after inactivation of APC/CCDH1, which suggests that APC/CCDH1 inactivation is the point of no return for cell-cycle entry 3 . Rapid inactivation of APC/CCDH1 requires early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1)3,5, but the molecular mechanism that controls this cell-cycle commitment step is unknown. Here we show using human cell models that cell-cycle commitment is mediated by an EMI1–APC/CCDH1 dual-negative feedback switch, in which EMI1 is both a substrate and an inhibitor of APC/CCDH1. The inactivation switch triggers a transition between a state with low EMI1 levels and high APC/CCDH1 activity during G1 and a state with high EMI1 levels and low APC/CCDH1 activity during S and G2. Cell-based analysis, in vitro reconstitution and modelling data show that the underlying dual-negative feedback is bistable and represents a robust irreversible switch. Our study suggests that mammalian cells commit to the cell cycle by increasing CDK2 activity and EMI1 mRNA expression to trigger a one-way APC/CCDH1 inactivation switch that is mediated by EMI1 transitioning from acting as a substrate of APC/CCDH1 to being an inhibitor of APC/CCDH1. The transition between early mitotic inhibitor 1 acting as a substrate of the APC/C and as an inhibitor of the same complex results in an irreversible switch that mediates human cell-cycle commitment.
Using 3-D GIS in Archaeology Classrooms: An Example from Hells Canyon, Oregon:

Excavation data from an ancestral Nez Perce dwelling in Hells Canyon, Oregon (1600–500 B.P.) are used to integrate 3-D GIS and spatio-temporal problem-solving for university-level archaeology instr...
Cervical Cancer in the Elderly: Staging and Surgical Management

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in the world with 85 % of these cases occurring in developing countries [34, 35]. Cervical cancer is clinically staged with the assistance of a detailed physical exam and limited radiologic imaging. Cervical cancer that is limited to the cervix can be treated with surgery, while cervical cancer that has spread beyond the cervix is treated with a combination of radiation and sensitizing chemotherapy. Patients with a central, localized recurrence are also treated surgically with a pelvic exenteration. Elderly patients comprise a small portion of cervical cancer patients, and they are less likely to undergo surgical treatment.
Fabric3 — Network of PLA Based Design

This chapter introduces a new design methodology to address the cross-talk problem in DSM VLSI design. This new methodology retains the best features of the Fabric 1 scheme of Chapter 4, with an extremely low area penalty.
Patient Risks, Outcomes, and Costs of Voluntary HIV Testing at Five Testing Sites within a Medical Center:

Objectives.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends offering human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing to all patients in all high HIV-prevalence clinical settings. We evaluated programmatic aspects of HIV testing across multiple clinical settings within a single medical center.Methods.We analyzed programmatic data of HIV testing in the Urgent Care Center (UCC), inpatient floors, outpatient primary care, a non-clinical Drop-In Center, and Emergency Department (ED). HIV testing was by oral mucosal transudate, venous blood samples, or rapid testing fingersticks, with Western blot confirmation. We compared the sociodemographics and behavioral risks of individuals undergoing HIV testing across the five sites and estimated costs per person tested and per HIV-positive test result.Results.From 2002 to 2004, 16,750 HIV tests were conducted, with 229 (1.4%) previously unreported HIV infections diagnosed among 16,696 valid test results. HIV-positive prevalence was 1.5% for the UCC, 1.5% at t...
The Time-Dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group

The time-dependent DMRG is a remarkable and highly flexible tool to simulate real-time dynamics of strongly correlated systems. It can be used to calculate spectral functions, and to study systems far from equilibrium. In this chapter we describe how to generalize the DMRG method to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, in both, real, and imaginary time. We illustrate these ideas with different applications such as transport problems in nano-structures, quantum quenches, and the calculation of time-dependent correlations functions.
The human health risk estimation of inhaled oil spill emissions with and without adding dispersant

Abstract Airborne toxic compounds emitted from polluted seawater polluted after an oil spill raise health concerns when inhaled by humans or other species. Inhalation of these toxic compounds as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or airborne fine particulate matter (PM) may cause serious pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. Spraying chemical dispersants to enhance distribution of the crude oil into the water was employed extensively during the Deepwater Horizon spill. There is some evidence that dispersion of the crude oil decreased the emission rate of the VOCs but increased the emission rates of fine PM that may carry toxic compounds. In this study, the cancer risks and non-cancer hazards of the detected VOCs and particulates for spill-response workers were estimated with and without use of dispersant under action of breaking waves. A subchronic exposure scenario was modeled to address the inhalation health threat during initial phases of an oil spill response. A dosimetry model was used to estimate regional deposition of PM. Use of dispersant reduced benzene cancer risks from 57 to 37 excess lifetime cancer cases per million for 1 h of daily exposure that continues for 3 months. Adding dispersant resulted in emissions reductions of the lighter VOCs (up to 30% lower). However, hazard quotients (HQs) of the non-carcinogenic VOCs even after dispersant addition were above 1 meaning there are serious concerns about exposure to these VOCs. Inhalation of airborne particles emitted from the slick containing dispersant increased the total mass of deposited particles in upper respiratory regions compared to the slick of crude oil only. This study showed the application of dispersant onto the pollution slick increased the total mass burden to the human respiratory system about 10 times, an exploratory HQ analysis is presented to evaluate the potential health risk.
India beyond the Ganges: Defining Arakanese Buddhism in Persianate colonial Bengal:

In the late eighteenth century a Scotsman returned from Bengal with one of the largest private libraries of Persian texts collected in the Subcontinent. Among those manuscripts were several volumes...
Robotic Multivessel Endoscopic Coronary Bypass: Impact of a Beating-Heart Approach With Connectors

Background Most robotic coronary bypass operations are single-vessel procedures. Very few centers perform totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB), and even fewer perform multivessel grafting endoscopically. We hypothesized that a robotic beating-heart approach using distal anastomotic connectors facilitates multivessel TECAB with similar safety and efficacy to single-vessel TECAB. Methods We reviewed patients undergoing robotic TECAB at our institution between July 2013 and March 2018. There were 344 consecutive patients divided into two groups: multivessel (MV, group 1), and single-vessel (SV, group 2). We interrogated our prospectively collected database for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes to compare the groups. Results There were 197 patients in group 1 and 147 patients in group 2. Mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons scores were 1.69% ± 2.4% and 1.96% ± 3.5%, respectively (p = 0.389). Patients in group 1 were older, 67 ± 9.4 versus 63 ± 11.2 years (p Conclusions Multivessel grafting is feasible during robotic beating-heart connector TECAB with good outcomes. We found no significant difference in mortality, hospital stay, midterm major adverse cardiac events, and interim graft patency compared with single-vessel TECAB. Further studies are warranted.
Automorphic equivalence preserves the split property

Abstract We prove that the split property is a stable feature for spin chain states which are related by composition with ⁎-automorphisms generated by power-law decaying interactions. We apply this to the theory of the Z 2 -index for gapped ground states of symmetry protected topological phases to show that the Z 2 -index is an invariant of gapped classification of phases containing fast-decaying interactions.
Review: Papers 2 (Mac OS and Windows); Papers for iPad and iPhone

Papers 2 (Mac OS and Windows), $79 Papers for iPad and iPhone, $14.99 Mekentosj B.V. http://www.mekentosj.com/papers To access books, periodicals, articles, or archives once meant seeking out physical objects stored in buildings. Today scholars increasingly utilize digital documents, not only journal articles but also books, dissertations, and even archival materials, downloading them to computers and mobile devices for consultation anytime, anywhere. But if some argue that the strict ontology of the card catalog and the physical library is no longer appropriate for either our interdisciplinary age or our media, a competing organizational system for managing personal digital libraries has yet to emerge.1 Netherlands-based developer Mekentosj’s Papers suite of research products, released for the Mac OS, Windows, and iOS, sets out to address this problem. Taking their cues not from physical or online card catalogs, but rather from Apple’s iTunes media library management software, the desktop and mobile versions of Papers set out to simplify the process of finding, organizing, and reading documents. As with iTunes, one transfers material into Papers by dragging and dropping files or through a built-in search engine that traverses online repositories of articles such as JSTOR or Google Scholar. Executing an online search delivers results as a set of links in the viewer window. Clicking on any of these makes the article’s source website appear in the window: here a user would download an article as if working in a browser; however, upon downloading, the article is immediately archived instead of being sent to a cluttered desktop or download folder. Customized searching of online repositories in Papers is useful, yet most of the databases Mekentosj offers as part of this experience are science- and social science-oriented, betraying Papers’ origins as a tool designed by Alexander Griekspoor and Tom Groothuis when they were doctoral students at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. That Springer Science+Business Media, a company not exactly known for indexing humanities …
Novel probes for label-free detection of neurodegenerative GGGGCC repeats associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

DNA repeat expansion sequences cause a myriad of neurological diseases when they expand beyond a critical threshold. Previous electrochemical approaches focused on the detection of trinucleotide repeats (CAG, CGG, and GAA) and relied on labeling of the probe and/or target strands or enzyme-linked assays. However, detection of expanded GC-rich sequences is challenging because they are prone to forming secondary structures such as cruciforms and quadruplexes. Here, we present label-free detection of hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat sequences, which cause the leading genetic form of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The approach relies on capturing targets by surface-bound oligonucleotide probes with a different number of complementary repeats, which proportionately translates the length of the target strands into charge transfer resistance (RCT) signal measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The probe carrying three tandem repeats transduces the number of repeats into RCT with a 3× higher calibration sensitivity and detection limit. Chronocoulometric measurements show a decrease in surface density with increasing repeat length, which is opposite of the impedance trend. This implies that the length of the target itself can contribute to amplification of the impedance signal independent of the surface density. Moreover, the probe can distinguish between a control and patient sequences while remaining insensitive to non-specific Huntington’s disease (CAG) repeats in the presence of a complementary target. This label-free strategy might be applied to detect the length of other neurodegenerative repeat sequences using short probes with a few complementary repeats.
Radiographic timelines for pediatric healing fractures: a systematic review.

Skeletal fractures, a common injury in physically abused children, often go undetected and untreated for significant lengths of time and are sometimes incidentally discovered radiographically. Our objective was to review current literature for scientific studies of pediatric fracture healing with associated timelines. We conducted a search of Embase, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE (PubMed), and Web of Science for literature published from the earliest available up to August 2018. We evaluated the included articles for quality, with consideration for use in clinical and forensic settings. Of a total of 313 full-text articles evaluated, 10 met study inclusion criteria. The patient age range among studies was 0–17 years, with children younger than 1 year included in the majority of studies. The fracture locations included in studies were primarily fractures of the upper limb and pectoral girdle, followed by fractures of the lower limb. The radiographic features of healing varied greatly among the studies. Timelines of common fracture healing variables differed significantly among studies. Scientific, radiographic studies of pediatric fracture healing are limited. Gaps in knowledge regarding fracture healing highlight the need for future research and validation studies. Fracture healing timelines derived from existing timelines should be used with caution.
Hope and the chaos of imagination in Kant and Kierkegaard

Faith for Kierkegaard is ‘beyond’ reason in some senses but not others. Faith is more specific and more subjective than concepts. On the other hand, Kant claims it is the faculty of reason that mot...
Adipose depot-specific effects of 16 weeks of pioglitazone on in vivo adipogenesis in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial.

In vitro and rodent studies suggest that pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, can promote adipogenesis in adipose tissue (AT); however, there is a lack of in vivo studies in humans to support these findings. The objectives of this randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial were to test if pioglitazone stimulates in vivo adipogenesis in the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots and if these measures were related to metabolic health outcomes in women with obesity. Forty-one healthy women with obesity (20 black; 21 white; 29 ± 6 years; BMI 32.0 ± 1.7 kg/m2; 44.0 ± 3.6% body fat) were randomised to consume 30 mg/day of pioglitazone (n = 21) or placebo (n = 20) for 16 weeks. SAS v9.4 was used to generate the block randomisation code sequence (stored in password-protected files) with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The participants and study staff involved in assessing and analysing data outcomes were blinded to the group assignments. The trial was conducted at Pennington Biomedical Research Center and ended in 2016. At baseline and post-intervention, subcutaneous abdominal (scABD) and femoral (scFEM) AT biopsies were collected, and in vivo cellular kinetics (primary endpoint of the trial) were assessed by an 8 week labelling protocol of deuterium (2H) into the DNA of adipose cells. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), scABD and visceral AT (VAT) by MRI, ectopic fat by 1H-MRS, and insulin sensitivity by an OGTT. After the 16 week intervention, there was a significant decrease in visceral fat (VAT:total abdominal AT [as a %]; p = 0.002) and an increase in the Matsuda index (i.e. improved insulin sensitivity; p = 0.04) in the pioglitazone group relative to the placebo group. A significant increase in the formation of new adipocytes was observed in the scFEM (Δ = 3.3 ± 1.6%; p = 0.04) but not the scABD depot (Δ = 2.0 ± 2.1%; p = 0.32) in the pioglitazone group relative to the placebo group. No serious adverse events were reported. Pioglitazone may elicit distinct differences in in vivo adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose depots in women with obesity, with increased rates in the protective scFEM. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01748994 Funding This study was funded by R01DK090607, P30DK072476, and R03DK112006 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. U54 GM104940 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. The Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Foundation.
When It Comes to the Mathematics Experiences of Black Pre-Service Teachers . . . Race Matters

Background/ContextThere is a growing body of research that conceptualizes mathematics learning and participation as racialized experiences; that is, learning experiences structured in part by the n...
Assessing the Readability of Covid-19 Testing Messages on the Internet.

The COVID-19 pandemic first became evident at the end of 2019, and because of the many unknown aspects of this emerging infectious disease, the internet quickly became a source of information for consumers. It is important for any vital information to be written unambiguously, and at a level that can be understood by all people regardless of education levels. The purpose of this study was to assess the readability of 50 sources of COVID19 testing information online. Only 6 websites out of 50 received an appropriate readability score on more than one assessment. One-sample, one-tailed t-tests (α = 0.05, df = 49) were used to see if the websites with information on COVID-19 testing are being written at appropriate reading levels. The resulting p-values indicate that each p-value recorded is substantially below 0.05, it is very unlikely that websites on this topic are being written at the recommended levels. Even the optimal messages on COVID-19 reflect a confusing and rapidly changing public health crisis, however if messages are kept simple and clear, individuals will have the best possible chance of optimizing behavioral mitigation strategies. These are compelling reasons for informational hosts to take necessary steps to ensure that messages are written in as simple terms as possible. To this end, it is suggested that internet sites dispersing COVID-19 testing information build in text analysis methods for all published messages, particularly those meant to inform best health practices in the time of a pandemic.
Modeling and simulations of a novel magnetorheological peristalsis blood pump

Although heart disease is still the major cause of death in the world, cardiovascular mortality rate has decreased over the past years, which is mainly related to invention of different types of circulatory assist devices. Therefore, focus of recent studies lies at developing the cardiovascular assist technologies to further decrease mortality rate. Currently, impeller-driven and centrifugal pumping technologies are the state of art for artificial heart applications. These types of pumps are able to lengthen lives, however their operation produces blood damage(hemolysis) which makes them not suitable for long-term applications. A natural solution to the need to artificially pump blood over long time frames while accruing less blood damage can be found in peristaltic pumps. The peristaltic pump design discussed herein mimics the heart’s natural operation by using magnetoactive elastomers that respond to the presence of external electromagnetic fields. Utilization of a magnetorheological (MR) elastomer rather than rotating rollers could constitute a materials-based solution for solving the mechanical issue of hemolysis by avoiding impellers. Additionally, the mechanism produces desirable pulsatile flow. In this work, a magnetically driven peristalsis pumping mechanism is proposed and simulated using fully coupled finite element simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics. The primary goal of this work is to develop high(er) fidelity simulation of the working peristaltic pump in order to determine how design factors and the pumping mechanism affects hemolysis. Power law damage metrics, beyond basic flow shear stresses, were used to compare the hemolysis index in the proposed model with the results from previous works. Results show that blood damage at higher magnetic fields strength was larger than weaker applied magnetic field. Regardless of the magnetic field strength, average blood damage was higher approaching the outlet versus the inlet. In addition, this study shows the efficacy of the device geometry and means of operation which can be intermediate optima pointing toward possible optimization of peristaltic pump to increase the efficacy of the pump.
Factors Influencing Pregnancy Screening in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

STUDY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the rate of incidental pregnancy, pregnancy screening frequency, and factors associated with pregnancy screening in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). DESIGN A cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING The research was conducted at Penn State Health Children's Hospital evaluating PICU admissions between January 1, 2011, and January 31, 2019. PARTICIPANTS Female adolescents 14-21 years of age who were admitted to the PICU. INTERVENTIONS The study population was divided into 2 groups (Presence and Non-Presence of Pregnancy Screening), and data were collected from the electronic health record. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated for patient characteristics and for presence and results of urine pregnancy screening. RESULTS A total of 431 patients were included in the study. Of these, 275 patients (63.8%) had a pregnancy screen performed. No patients with incidental pregnancy were found. There was a statistically significant relationship between pregnancy screening and patient age, type of admission, and origin of transfer (P < .01). Analysis of secondary diagnoses (co-morbidities) indicated lower screening rates in patients with developmental delay, cerebral palsy, and/or mental retardation (15, 5.5%) [p < 0.0001] and chromosomal abnormalities (9, 3.3%) [p =0.021]. CONCLUSION Incidental pregnancy is uncommon in female adolescents of childbearing age who are admitted to the PICU, but not all patients were screened, thus potentially jeopardizing maternal and fetal care. Clinicians should consider routine pregnancy screening of female patients of childbearing age admitted to the PICU and should be cognizant of individual factors that could preclude screening prior to or during their presentation.
Disease dynamics across political borders: the case of rabies in Israel and the surrounding countries.

An eco-historical analysis facilitated the identification of the socio-political, demographical and environmental changes that have affected the distribution and abundance of vertebrates living in Israeli and Palestinian territories, their pathogens and the extent of human —animal contacts, all contributing to the risk of rabies, leading to three deaths in the late 90’s. There are indications that the implementation of uncoordinated control strategies with a lack of an ecological perspective on one side of the border, such as the destruction of the main reservoirs, led to the emergence of a more potent reservoir coming from the other side, and the creation of an additional one yet to be identified. We analyze the lessons of historical mistakes, aiming at future regional control of the disease.
Experimental Realization of the BCS-BEC Crossover with a Fermi Gas of Atoms

Abstract Ultracold atomic gases have proven to be remarkable model systems for exploring quantum mechanical phenomena. Experimental work on gases of fermionic atoms in particular has seen astounding recent progress. In the short span of time between 2001 and 2004 accessible Fermi gas systems evolved from normal Fermi liquids at moderate temperatures to superfluids in the BCS-BEC crossover. This was made possible by unique control over interparticle interactions using Feshbach resonances in 6 Li and 40 K gases. In this chapter we present the story of the experimental realization of BCS-BEC crossover physics from the point of view of studies using 40 K at JILA. We start with some historical context and an introduction to the theory of the BCS-BEC crossover and Feshbach resonances. We then present studies of a normal 40 K Fermi gas at a Feshbach resonance and the work required to cool the gas to temperatures where superfluidity in the crossover is predicted. These studies culminated in the first observation of a phase transition in the BCS-BEC crossover regime, a task accomplished through detection of condensation of fermionic atom pairs. We also discuss subsequent work that confirmed the crossover nature of the pairs in these condensates.