cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic and ecological determinants of the neotropical dawn chorus

The concentration of avian song at first light (i.e. the dawn chorus) is widely appreciated, but has an enigmatic functional significance. One widely accepted explanation is that birds are active at dawn, but light levels are not yet adequate for foraging. In forest communities, the onset to singing should thus be predictable from the species’ foraging strata, which is ultimately related to ambient light level. To test this, we collected data from a tropical forest of Ecuador involving 57 species from 27 families of birds. Time of first song was a repeatable, species-specific trait, and the majority of resident birds, including non-passerines, sang in the dawn chorus. For passerine birds, foraging height was the best predictor of time of first song, with canopy birds singing earlier than birds foraging closer to the forest floor. A weak and opposite result was observed for non-passerines. For passerine birds, eye size also predicted time of first song, with larger eyed birds singing earlier, after controlling for body mass, taxonomic group and foraging height. This is the first comparative study of the dawn chorus in the Neotropics, and it provides the first evidence for foraging strata as the primary determinant of scheduling participation in the dawn chorus of birds.
Interferon Regulatory Factor-Two Restricts Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes to the Endometrial Stroma and Glandular Epithelium of the Ovine Uterus

Abstract Interferon tau (IFNτ) is the signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. The positive effects of IFNτ on IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression are mediated by ISG factor 3 (ISGF3), which is composed of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 1, Stat 2, and IFN regulatory factor-9 (IRF-9), and by gamma-activated factor (GAF), which is a Stat 1 homodimer. Induction of ISGs, such as ISG17 and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase, by IFNτ during pregnancy is limited to the endometrial stroma (S) and glandular epithelium (GE) of the ovine uterus. The IRF-2, a potent transcriptional repressor of ISG expression, is expressed in the luminal epithelium (LE). This study determined effects of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and IFNτ on expression of Stat 1, Stat 2, IRF-9, IRF-1, and IRF-2 genes in the ovine endometrium. In cyclic ewes, Stat 1, Stat 2, IRF-1, and IRF-9 mRNA and protein were detected at low levels in the S and GE. During pregnancy, expression of these genes increased on...
Query mesh: multi-route query processing technology

We propose to demonstrate a practical alternative approach to the current state-of-the-art query processing techniques, called the "Query Mesh" (or QM, for short). The main idea of QM is to compute multiple routes (i.e., query plans), each designed for a particular subset of data with distinct statistical properties. Based on the execution routes and the data characteristics, a classifier model is induced and is used to partition new data tuples to assign the best routes for their processing. We propose to demonstrate the QM framework in the streaming context using our demo application, called the "Ubi-City". We will illustrate the innovative features of QM, including: the QM optimization with the integrated machine learning component, the QM execution using the efficient "Self-Routing Fabric" infrastructure, and finally, the QM adaptive component that performs the online adaptation of QM with near-zero runtime overhead.
A phylogenetically conserved hairpin-type 3' untranslated region pseudoknot functions in coronavirus RNA replication.

Secondary and tertiary structures in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of plus-strand RNA viruses have been postulated to function as control elements in RNA replication, transcription, and translation. Here we describe a 54-nucleotide (nt) hairpin-type pseudoknot within the 288-nt 3′ UTR of the bovine coronavirus genome and show by mutational analysis of both stems that the pseudoknotted structure is required for the replication of a defective interfering RNA genome. The pseudoknot is phylogenetically conserved among coronaviruses both in location and in shape but only partially in nucleotide sequence, and evolutionary covariation of bases to maintain G · U pairings indicates that it functions in the plus strand. RNase probing of synthetic transcripts provided additional evidence of its tertiary structure and also identified the possible existence of two conformational states. These results indicate that the 3′ UTR pseudoknot is involved in coronavirus RNA replication and lead us to postulate that it functions as a regulatory control element.
Theory of Second Harmonic Generation in presence of Diffraction, Beam Walk-Off and Pump Depletion

Integral expressions for the pump and generated fields are presented here for the case of second harmonic generation of a focused Gaussian pump beam incident on a nonlinear crystal . The birefringent walk-off of the generated beam and the effect of pump depletion are included in the theory.
Optimal bundling of transmembrane helices using sparse distance constraints

We present a two-step approach to modeling the transmembrane spanning helical bundles of integral membrane proteins using only sparse distance constraints, such as those derived from chemical cross-linking, dipolar EPR and FRET experiments. In Step 1, using an algorithm, we developed, the conformational space of membrane protein folds matching a set of distance constraints is explored to provide initial structures for local conformational searches. In Step 2, these structures refined against a custom penalty function that incorporates both measures derived from statistical analysis of solved membrane protein structures and distance constraints obtained from experiments. We begin by describing the statistical analysis of the solved membrane protein structures from which the theoretical portion of the penalty function was derived. We then describe the penalty function, and, using a set of six test cases, demonstrate that it is capable of distinguishing helical bundles that are close to the native bundle from those that are far from the native bundle. Finally, using a set of only 27 distance constraints extracted from the literature, we show that our method successfully recovers the structure of dark-adapted rhodopsin to within 3.2 A of the crystal structure.
Cryovolcanism and the Recent Flow of Liquid Water on Mars

Abstract The surface of Mars is too cold and dry to permit stable liquid water, yet fresh, apparently water-carved gullies and seepage features have been identified in high-resolution imaging of canyon and crater walls by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Here, a model of nonequilibrium hydrological activity and liquid water cryovolcanism explains the paradoxical appearance and observed properties of these landforms: Aquifers within a porous crust are confined by growing ice and impermeable volcanic layers or basement rock. Freeze–thaw cycles driven by changes in heat flow or climate create high ambient pore pressures and lead to catastrophic expulsion of water through cracks to the surface. The gullies are thus indicators of the geologic and thermal state of the crust, not the present surface environment. Investigations of deposits formed by this cryovolcanism are a means of probing the deep subsurface of Mars for potential biological activity.
High frequency scattering by a conducting ring

Asymptotic formulae are derived for the Fourier coefficients of the thin wire kernel in the integral equation for the electric current on an electrically large, thin circular loop. The total current induced on the ring by a plane electromagnetic wave is approximated by a modified physical optics term proportional to the incident field, plus resonant terms of lossy circulating waves. Numerical evaluation of the dominant poles and residues of the ring transfer function provides the amplitudes and complex propagation constants of these natural modes.
Basic Results of Complexity Theory

We begin our study of complexity theory by examining the fundamental properties of complexity classes. These results apply to all complexity classes and show that the definitions of these classes are invariant under small changes in the time or space bounds of the Turing machines that define them. We will prove general relationships between time- and space-bounded complexity classes. These consist of inclusions between some classes and separations of other classes. Then we will apply the methods and results of these general relationships to important specific cases in order to establish relationships between the central standard complexity classes we defined in the previous chapter. In order to begin this study we need to understand some simple assertions that involve the behavior of functions at limits, so let’s review these now.
Echinoderm Fauna of the Galápagos Islands

There are nearly 200 species of echinoderms reported from the Galapagos Islands and Galapagos Ridge, including five crinoids, 44 asteroids, 74 ophiuroids, 37 echinoids, and 38 holothurians. This is nearly one-third of all echinoderm species known from the central eastern Pacific (CEP) between 34°30′N and 18°S (Maluf, 1988a). Seventy percent of all CEP families, and 45% of all CEP genera are recorded from the Galapagos. Holothurians are the most poorly represented class. In fact, two orders (Apodida and Molpadiida) containing five families and 14 CEP genera, as well as one large family in the Dendrochirotida (Cucumariidae) with ten CEP genera, are not reported from the Galapagos.
Warren Wilson College: Modeling Sustainability Through a Triad of Education

Warren Wilson College, a liberal arts college in western North Carolina, has been pioneering sustainability education for many years. Situated on an 1,100-acre campus that includes a large managed forest, a working farm, and organic garden, Warren Wilson is an ideal laboratory for innovative teaching and learning. The college’s relative success can be traced to its Triad of academics, work, and service, and its unique status as a work college; to its history of self-reliance and environmental awareness; and to its engagement of students in every level of decision-making. Together, students, staff, and faculty labor to engage sustainability thinking in ways that positively affect both the campus and the wider communities.
An exact algorithm for computing the same-decision probability

When using graphical models for decision making, the presence of unobserved variables may hinder our ability to reach the correct decision. A fundamental question here is whether or not one is ready to make a decision (stopping criteria), and if not, what additional observations should be made in order to better prepare for a decision (selection criteria). A recently introduced notion, the Same-Decision Probability (SDP), has been shown to be useful as both a stopping and a selection criteria. This query has been shown to be highly intractable, being PPPP-complete, and is exemplary of a class of queries which correspond to the computation of certain expectations. We propose the first exact algorithm for computing the SDP in this paper, and demonstrate its effectiveness on several real and synthetic networks. We also present a new complexity result for computing the SDP on models with a Naive Bayes structure.
Illness du Jour.

Edited byJacquelyn H. Flaskerud, PhD, RN, FAANSchool of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USAIt was while waiting for local anesthesia to take effect before I got an absce...
The Effects of Age on Stress and the Biomechanics of Slips and Falls

A study was conducted to investigate if stress associated with a fear of falling contributes to the increased incidents of falls among older adults. The investigation compared physiological stress, with biomechanical parameters of walking for twenty-eight participants in two age groups: (18–35) and (65 or older). Both age groups were evaluated while walking over dry and slippery floor surfaces. Biomechanical parameters included: step length, required coefficient of friction (RCOF), slip distance, and heel contact velocity. Overall, the results indicated that there were differences between older and younger adult's biomechanical parameters of walking, and their physiological stress associated with an inadvertent slip. Younger adult's normal RCOF was higher and their normal step length was longer compared to older adults. Older adult's stress level after a slip was significantly higher than younger adults. Furthermore, younger and older adults modified their step length differently to avoid slipping, when w...
History of Somatization Is Associated with Prolonged Recovery from Concussion.

Objective To determine the association between a history of somatization and prolonged concussion symptoms, including sex differences in recovery. Study design A prospective cohort study of 10- to 18-year-olds with an acute concussion was conducted from July 2014 to April 2015 at a tertiary care pediatric emergency department. One hundred twenty subjects completed the validated Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI) for pre-injury somatization assessment and Postconcussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) at diagnosis. PCSS was re-assessed by phone at 2 and 4 weeks. CSI was assessed in quartiles with a generalized estimating equation model to determine relationship of CSI to PCSS over time. Results The median age of our study participants was 13.8 years (IQR 11.5, 15.8), 60% male, with separate analyses for each sex. Our model showed a positive interaction between total CSI score, PCSS and time from concussion for females P P = .058. Females in the highest quartile of somatization had higher PCSS than the other 3 CSI quartiles at each time point (B −26.7 to −41.1, P values Conclusions Patients with higher pre-injury somatization had higher concussion symptom scores over time. Females in the highest somatization quartile had prolonged concussion recovery with persistently high symptom scores at 4 weeks. Somatization may contribute to sex differences in recovery, and assessment at the time of concussion may help guide management and target therapy.
Synthetic antigens reveal dynamics of BCR endocytosis during inhibitory signaling.

B cells detect foreign antigens through their B cell antigen receptor (BCR). The BCR, when engaged by antigen, initiates a signaling cascade. Concurrent with signaling is endocytosis of the BCR complex, which acts to downregulate signaling and facilitate uptake of antigen for processing and display on the cell surface. The relationship between signaling and BCR endocytosis is poorly defined. Here, we explore the interplay between BCR endocytosis and antigens that either promote or inhibit B cell activation. Specifically, synthetic antigens were generated that engage the BCR alone or both the BCR and the inhibitory co-receptor CD22. The lectin CD22, a member of the Siglec family, binds sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates found on host tissues, inhibiting BCR signaling to prevent erroneous B cell activation. At low concentrations, antigens that can co-cluster the BCR and CD22 promote rapid BCR endocytosis; whereas, slower endocytosis occurs with antigens that bind only the BCR. At higher antigen concentrations, rapid BCR endocytosis occurs upon treatment with either stimulatory or inhibitory antigens. Endocytosis of the BCR, in response to synthetic antigens, results in its entry into early endocytic compartments. Although the CD22-binding antigens fail to activate key regulators of antigen presentation (e.g., Syk), they also promote BCR endocytosis, indicating that inhibitory antigens can be internalized. Indeed, at low concentrations inhibitory antigens induce more rapid BCR uptake than do stimulatory antigens. Together, our observations support a functional role for BCR endocytosis in downregulating BCR signaling. The reduction of cell surface BCR levels in the absence of B cell activation should raise the threshold for BCR activation. The ability of the activating synthetic antigens to trigger both signalling and entry of the BCR into early endosomes suggests strategies for targeted antigen delivery.
Rifampin Regulation of Drug Transporters Gene Expression and the Association of MicroRNAs in Human Hepatocytes

Membrane drug transporters contribute to the disposition of many drugs. In human liver, drug transport is controlled by two main superfamilies of transporters, the solute carrier transporters (SLC) and the ATP Binding Cassette transporters (ABC). Altered expression of these transporters due to drug-drug interactions can contribute to differences in drug exposure and possibly effect. In this study, we determined the effect of rifampin on gene expression of hundreds of membrane transporters along with all clinically relevant drug transporters. Methods: In this study, primary human hepatocytes (n=7 donors) were cultured and treated for 24 hours with rifampin and vehicle control. RNA was isolated from the hepatocytes, mRNA expression was measured by RNA-seq, and miRNA expression was analyzed by Taqman OpenArray. The effect of rifampin on the expression of selected transporters was also tested in kidney cell lines. The impact of rifampin on the expression of 410 transporter genes from 19 different transporter gene families was compared with vehicle control. Results: Expression patterns of 12 clinically relevant drug transporter genes were changed by rifampin (FDR<0.05). For example, the expressions of ABCC2, ABCB1, and ABCC3 were increased 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.2- fold, respectively. The effects of rifampin on four uptake drug transporters (SLCO1B3, SLC47A1, SLC29A1, SLC22A9) were negatively correlated with the rifampin effects on specific microRNA expression (SLCO1B3/miR-92a, SLC47A1/miR-95, SLC29A1/miR-30d#, and SLC22A9/miR-20; r<-0.79; p<0.05). Seven hepatic drug transporter genes (SLC22A1, SLC22A5, SLC15A1, SLC29A1, SLCO4C1, ABCC2, and ABCC4), whose expression was altered by rifampin in hepatocytes, were also present in a renal proximal tubular cell line, but in renal cells rifampin did not alter their gene expression. PXR expression was very low in the kidney cells; this may explain why rifampin induces gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. Conclusion: Rifampin alters the expression of many of the clinically relevant hepatic drug transporters, which may provide a rational basis for understanding rifampin-induced drug-drug interactions reported in vivo. The relevance of its effect on many other transporters remains to be studied.
Study on Reference Intervals of Calcium in Whole Blood in Sichuan Province 0 ～ 17 Years Healthy Individuals

Objective To establish the whole blood calcium elements normal reference interval among the age of 0 to 17 in Sichuan Province. Method Use the atomic absorption spectrometry to measure human peripheral blood calcium levels,which collected 24 347 cases from 0 to 17 years old healthy in Sichuan Province,and use the normal distribution method and the percentile method to determine the reference range. Results The serum calcium normal distribution law reference range: 0 ~ years is maximum,1. 56 ~ 2. 38 mmol / L; 13 ~ 17 years old is minimum,1. 34 ~ 2. 00 mmol / L. Conclusion The reference range of hole blood calcium has been established initially,which includes the healthy age of 0 to 17 years old in Sichuan Province.
SU-F-T-270: A Technique for Modeling a Diode Array Into the TPS for Lung SBRT Patient Specific QA

Purpose: To accurately match the treatment planning system (TPS) with the measurement environment, where quality assurance (QA) devices are used to collect data, for lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) patient specific QA. Incorporation of heterogeneities is also studied. Methods: Dual energy computerized tomography (DECT) and single energy computerized tomography (SECT) were used to model phantoms incorporating a 2-D diode array into the TPS. A water-equivalent and a heterogeneous phantom (simulating the thoracic region of a patient) were studied. Monte Carlo and pencil beam planar dose distributions were compared to measured distributions. Composite and individual fields were analyzed for normally incident and planned gantry angle deliveries. γ- analysis was used with criteria 3% 3mm, 2% 2mm, and 1% 1mm. Results: The Monte Carlo calculations for the DECT resulted in improved agreements with the diode array for 46.4% of the fields at 3% 3mm, 85.7% at 2% 2mm, and 92.9% at 1% 1mm.For the SECT, the Monte Carlo calculations gave no agreement for the same γ-analysis criteria. Pencil beam calculations resulted in lower agreements with the diode array in the TPS. The DECT showed improvements for 14.3% of the fields at 3% 3mm and 2% 2mm, and 28.6% at 1% 1mm.In SECT comparisons, 7.1% of the fields at 3% 3mm, 10.7% at 2% 2mm, and 17.9% at 1% 1mm showed improved agreements with the diode array. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that modeling the diode array in the TPS is viable using DECT with Monte Carlo for patient specific lung SBRT QA. As recommended by task groups (e.g. TG 65, TG 101, TG 244) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), pencil beam algorithms should be avoided in the presence of heterogeneous materials, including a diode array.
Mouth Cleaning of Lemon Sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, by Sharksuckers, Echeneis naucrates

The coexistence between sharksuckers and sharks is poorly understood. Here, we studied the symbiotic client-cleaner relationship between Lemon Sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, and sharksuckers, Echeneis naucrates, with a focus on cleaning inside the sharks' mouths. Where observable, cleaning bouts were either initiated by a sharksucker moving along a shark's snout while maintaining body contact or by swimming in a “dance like” manner in front of the shark's eye without contact, until the shark gaped to allow entry. Sharksuckers interacting with sharks were typically in their first year of their life. While being cleaned by sharksuckers, Lemon Sharks were always seen in one of two positions: either lying flat on the sea floor, or propped on their pectoral fins. Cleaning bouts lasted significantly longer when the shark was propped. In bouts where the location of sharksucker activity within the mouth could be determined, cleaning activity exclusively occurred around the teeth of the upper jaws. In more than h...
Astroglial NF-kB activation in chronic knee osteoarthritic pain

C management of chronic joint pain evoked by osteoarthritis is a real challenge due to our limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms that initiate and develop chronic pain. It has been increasingly recognized that glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Notably, astrocytes make very close contacts with synapses and astrocyte reaction after nerve injury, arthritis, and tumor growth is more persistent than microglial reaction and displays a better correlation with chronic pain behaviors. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is a key regulator of inflammatory processes in reactive glial cells. The objectives were to determine whether inactivation of astroglial NF-kB leads to a reduction in pain behavior and inflammation after induction of knee joint osteoarthritis (OA), and joint pathology in an experimental OA model. We utilized a transgenic mouse model (GFAP-IkBα-dn in C57BL/6 genetic background) where the classical NF-kB pathway is inactivated by overexpression of a dominant negative (dn) form of the inhibitor of kappa B (IkBα) in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressing cells, which include astrocytes, schwann cells, and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Young adult mice (Tg and WT) were subjected to surgical OA induction by partial medial menisectomy (PMM). Weekly behavioral pain responses were recorded, and glial activation, NF-kB and joint pathology were analyzed in DRGs and dorsal horns by histology and immunohistochemistry followed by quantification. Our data suggest that the inhibition of NF-kB signaling in astrocytes as a promising target for the development of therapeutic strategies for OA pain.
Learning in Chicago's 49th Ward Participatory Budgeting Process: How to Study Democratic Activity Across Time and Space by Analyzing Discourse

This study explores how learning occurs in Chicago's 49th Ward Participatory Budgeting process (PB49) through the analysis of discourse over time. Analysis was conducted on talk within Leadership committee meetings about the topic of creating a Spanish language committee (SLC) to support Latino participation in the PB49 process. This paper’s findings relate to a larger three-year longitudinal ethnographic case study focusing on how the Latino immigrant community participated in the PB49 process. Based on findings from the larger study about the nature of Latino immigrants’ participation, analysis for this paper involved purposefully selecting Leadership committee meetings that addressed talk about the topic of a SLC. The spaces in which PB49 takes place are considered enactments, which in this paper are positioned as learning environments of democratic activity. While the analysis of discourse is not new to the study of democratic activity, analysis of discourse in these contexts has typically not systemically been used to examine talk over longer periods of time. Briggs (1998) insightfully demonstrated what a socio-linguistic analysis of a participatory planning enactment could provide in three brief ethnographic accounts of interaction in a participatory planning process. This kind of analytic approach offers insights into the power dynamics at play in participants’ social interactions. However, very few, if any, planning, community development or other forms of democratic activity take place in one enactment. Expanding the analysis of discourse from one speech event, such as a public meeting, to analyses of multiple speech events over time and space provides more nuanced tools to decipher how power and learning are at play (Wortham & Reyes, 2015) in complex evolving democratic activity systems. Furthermore, there is a need for more practice-based research and analysis of learning that moves beyond summative evaluations that ask participants to self-report what they have learned. Such reports can miss nuanced manifestations of power structures at play in democratic activity. The current paper examines how learning occurs in practice from participants’ own words and actions over time across multiple speech events.
LES/PDF Modeling of Turbulent Premixed Flames with Locally Enhanced Mixing by Reaction

Large-eddy simulations (LES) combined with the transported probability density function (PDF) method are carried out for two turbulent piloted premixed methane-air jet flames (flame F1 and flame F3) to assess the capability of LES/PDF for turbulent premixed combustion. The conventionally used model for the sub-filter scale mixing time-scale (or the mixing frequency) fails to capture the premixed flames correctly. This failure is expected to be caused by the lack of the sub-filter scale premixed flame propagation property in the sub-filter scale mixing process when the local flame front is under-resolved. It leads to slower turbulent premixed flame propagation and wider flame front. A new model for specifying the sub-filter scale mixing frequency is developed to account for the effect of sub-filter scale chemical reaction on mixing, based on past development of models for the sub-filter scale scalar dissipation rate in premixed combustion. The new model is assessed in the two turbulent premixed jet flames F1 and F3. Parametric studies are performed to examine the new model and its sensitivity when combined with the different mixing models. Significantly improved performance of the new mixing frequency model is observed to capture the premixed flame propagation reasonably, when compared with the conventional model. The sensitivity of the flame predictions is found be relatively weak to the different mixing models in conjunction with the new mixing frequency model.
Changes in cognitive load and effects on parameters of gait

AbstractReading or texting with a mobile phone while walking requires cognitive resource allocation and consequently induces changes in gait. Fifty-six young adults walked along the GAITRite© walkway under baseline, low-, and high-cognitive loads. Participants’ Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP), velocity, and stride length decreased while double-support time increased under higher cognitive load. This result shows that during cognitively loaded multitasking conditions participants are unable to stabilize their gait. In addition, lower FAP scores across the conditions suggest an increased risk for future injurious falls. This study demonstrates that distracted walking using a mobile phone can affect several parameters of gait and it would be prudent to not read or text on a mobile phone while walking.
Age-based Social Status, Team Safety Climate, and Innovation: Overcoming Culture with Team Effects

In this paper, we examine the importance of employee age and team psychological safety climate for innovative performance in a Confucian-based culture with strict age-related social hierarchies. To...
How transaction costs obstruct collective action: The case of California's groundwater

Collective action to remedy the losses of open access to common-pool resources often is late and incomplete, extending rent dissipation. Examples include persistent over-exploitation of oil fields and ocean fisheries, despite general agreement that production constraints are needed. Contracting costs encountered in assigning property rights are an explanation, but analysis of their role is limited by a lack of systematic data. We examine governance institutions in California’s 445 groundwater basins using a new dataset to identify factors that influence the adoption of extraction controls. In 309 basins, institutions allow unconstrained pumping, while an additional 105 basins have weak management plans. Twenty of these basins are severely overdrafted. Meanwhile, users in 31 basins have defined groundwater property rights, the most complete solution. We document the critical role of the transaction costs associated with contracting in explaining this variation in responses. This research adds to the literatures on open access, transaction costs, bargaining, and property rights.
Opacities: Local Venues, Cosmopolitan Imaginaries

This chapter analyzes the work of emerging Asian American artists from California in the 2000s, especially Michelle Dizon. The Filipina American artist based in Los Angeles, positions her work transnationally and embraces a postcolonial poetics, outside of strictly national frames, while maintaining a strong de-colonial political critique of othering, commodification and economic effects of globalization. The author examines Dizon’s work offering a cultural critique of the shift from Asian Americanness to global, transnational issues, detailing how various recent shows have expressed a new sensibility.
Psychological Impairment as a Predictor of Suicide Ideation in Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by severe food restriction resulting in low body weight and an intense fear of gaining weight. This disorder has one of the highest suicide rates of any psychiatric illness; however, few studies have investigated prospective predictors of suicide ideation (SI) in this population. Quality-of-life impairment may be particularly relevant for understanding suicide risk in AN, given associations with SI in other psychiatric disorders and associations with chronicity and severity in AN. This study explored associations between eating disorder-related impairment and SI in individuals with AN (n = 113) who completed assessments at treatment discharge and 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Greater psychological impairment predicted future occurrence of SI controlling for age, depression, history of SI, and eating disorder variables. Associations were specific to psychological impairment as other domains of impairment did not predict SI over time. Findings highlight the potential importance of targeting interpersonal-psychological consequences of AN to decrease future suicide risk.
SAGES Foregut Surgery Masters Program: a surgeon’s social media resource for collaboration, education, and professional development

Facebook is a popular online social networking platform increasingly used for professional collaboration. Literature regarding use of Facebook for surgeon professional development and education is limited. The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) has established a Facebook group dedicated to discussion of surgery of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine—the “SAGES Foregut Surgery Masters Program.” The aim of this study is to examine how this forum is used for professional development, education, and quality improvement. Member and post statistics were obtained from https://grytics.com , a Facebook group analytics service. All posts added to the Foregut forum since its creation in April 2015 through December 2016 were reviewed and categorized for content and topic. Posts were reviewed for potential identifiable protected health information. As of December 2016, there were 649 total members in the group. There have been a total of 411 posts and 4116 comments with a median of 10.1 comments/post (range 0–72). Posts were categorized as operative technique (64%), patient management (52%), continuing education (10%), networking (10%), or other (6%). Video and/or photos were included in 53% of posts with 4% of posts depicting radiologic studies and 13% with intraoperative photos or videos. An additional 40 posts included links to other pages, such as YouTube, journal articles, or the SAGES website. One post (0.2%) contained identifiable protected health information and was deleted once recognized by the moderators of the group. Social media is a unique, real-time platform where surgeons can learn, discuss, and collaborate towards the goal of optimal treatment of surgical disease. Active online surgical communities such as the SAGES Foregut Surgery Masters Program have the potential to enhance communication between surgeons and are a potential innovative adjunct to traditional methods of continuing surgical education. Surgical societies should adopt and promote professional and responsible use of social media.
Taxing Private Enterprise in the New Millennium

This article develops a system for subjecting the income of all private enterprises to a single layer of tax. This new system distinguishes simple private enterprises from complex private enterprises, rather than discriminating among different state law forms. The article proposes that Subchapter K should cease to accommodate complex economic arrangements. If these arrangements were denied access to Subchapter K, many intricate rules designed to impede tax avoidance efforts could be eliminated. The resulting simplified version of Subchapter K could be melded with Subchapter S and thereby dramatically simplify the taxation of all non-publicly traded enterprises. The new owner-level tax regime would apply to all simple private enterprises regardless of legal form. As to complex private enterprises, the tax law should refrain from engaging in the contortions required to sustain a system that refrains from taxing the enterprise. Instead, a tax should be imposed on the business entity when income is earned. No additional tax should be imposed on the owners when distributions occur. The new entity-level tax should apply to all complex private enterprises regardless of legal form.
Efficient temporal reasoning for plan projection

Efficient and expressive temporal reasoning can only be achieved by taking advantage of regularities within the structure of the domain. We present a novel temporal reasoning system which demonstrates this approach, applied to the task of temporal projection.
Motherhood and Fear: The Influence of Traditional Religion on American and Japanese Horror

With the sensation generated by the 2002 release of The Ring, the American take on the classic Japanese horror film Ringu, a new trend in American horror was born. Shifting its attention away from more common Western themes, Hollywood focused on emulating the Japanese psychological viewpoint by shyi1ig away.from demented murderers and turning instead to vengeful ghosts and cursed apparitions. Aside from these backbone elements, however, the emergence of Japanese horror remakes highlighted another distinct, fundamental difference between the traditional American and Japanese takes on horror: the portrayal of powerful, villainous women. Why does American horror suggest contempt for such female antagonists, whereas Japanese horror conveys the opposite: fearful respect? What factors influence these portrayals? These are the questions I aim to answer.
Mitchell Lecture, October 27, 2010: The Origins of African-American Interests in International Law

In exploring contemporary lessons to be drawn from the evolution of African American interests in international law, what can History teach contemporary policy makers and local people? Working through international legal history, African American history, and international law through the New Haven School, the historical voices of African Americans are clarified to identify what these subordinated people demanded of international law for their own freedom. Those voices demanded good governance in freedom, and made claims to some better outside law giving them the right to freedom that they knew they had, as against the local law of the territory which defined their enslavement. Beginning with the slave trade - and slave resistance as its inherent synonym - from Africa into the Atlantic Basin, slavery in North America was a corner of the international slave system, and Black claims to outside law against it are explored. Claims to better outside law in speech, agency, and action were defined by Black men and women over the generations by their normative opposition to slavery and racial oppression. They comprise the foundation of Black interests in international law, where the latter offered potential for, but was not a constant source of better outside law. Thus race and the rights of African-heritage people who became African Americans have always been international questions, and these men and women historically participated in and affected international politics as part of their survival struggles. This history becomes even more clear through the actions and voices of African Americans in the American Revolution, implicitly the Constitutional Convention, the forced westward slave migration into Mississippi territory, slave revolts and other consequences of the Haitian Revolution, and the War of 1812. Subordinated peoples can have a jurisprudence on which they act without a dominating people's or group's permission. Contemporary lessons from the history of African American interests in international law can be drawn relative to two policy categories: first, lessons for African Americans on the need to more completely recognize and organize to act on their international law interests based on contemporary examples and successes; and second, lessons for expanding the understanding of the US treaty-making process from the existence and inclusiveness of such African American interests. The final lesson from such African American interests goes to their implications for the contemporary governance of America as a pluralistic nation. That governance and its scholarship must now incorporate the trend that African Americans and every minority and coherent disadvantaged group in the American process has, or will define, their own interests in international law in a globalized world, in large part for rights-protective reasons within the United States. The implications of this trend are discussed, and the resulting challenge to the American academy is framed, with general optimism.
Neuroborreliosis and the pediatric population: a review.

Aims To review the medical literature on neuroborreliosis, in particular its clinical features in both adults and children, and highlight the differences between the two groups, with an emphasis on the pediatric population. Development The neurologic manifestations of the disease variably affect different areas of the neuroaxis, central or peripheral, and can present with early or late symptomatology, depending on the age group. Although the literature includes a wide range of neurologic abnormalities, the most frequent symptom reported in the pediatric population is headache, and the most common sign being facial palsy. An immunologic process with cross-reacting antibodies and antibodies directed against neuronal proteins may exist as the causative factor. Because of characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, CSF examination and serologic testing for Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent, should be performed in patients, particularly if a child, having been in an endemic area, presenting with an acute neurologic disorder of unexplained etiology. Treatment with antibiotics, if initiated early-on, is curative, especially in children. Conclusions The pediatric population carries the highest risk for Lyme disease relative to other age groups. Younger patients tend to be more acutely affected, with involvement primarily of the central nervous system, exhibiting an inflammatory response in the CSF and signs/symptoms of aseptic meningitis and facial nerve palsy, whereas older patients present with features of peripheral nervous system pathology, tipically with a radiculopathy. Despite having a greater incidence of neuroborreliosis, the clinical course in most children is milder and shorter than that reported for adults.
Queering New Media Art : Looking back, looking forward

On February, 23 2018, during the National College of Art Association Conference in Los Angeles, Richard Rhinehart, Liss LaFleur and I co-chaired a panel titled “Queering New Media Art and Asking Questions about Nothing”. This panel was presented within the New Media Caucus’ Media Lounge day of events. Based on my presentation that day, this essay will use my personal experiences with the New Media Caucus and academia in the last twenty years to explore the relationships amongst art, new media, and queerness, expose some problems with these terms, and potentially provide one of many ways out of perpetuating their continuous entanglement.
BINDING OF D2 PROTEIN TO SPECIFIC PAPOVAVIRUS SEQUENCES

ABSTRACT An SV40 large T-antigen-related protein was purified to homogeneity and used to study the protein-DNA interactions at regulatory sequences in three closely re-lated papovaviruses. DNAse protection experiments indi-cate that the D2 protein binds preferentially to a region of the BK and polyoma virus DNAs analogous to the region of SV40 DNA which contains the origin of replication and putative transcriptional “promoter.” In all three cases, the DNA binding protein appears to recognize and interact with closely spaced multiple binding sites. Although the specificity and general features of the interaction at the binding sites of the three related viruses are simi-lar, there are significant differences between the binding of the simian virus-derived D2 protein to SV40 sequences and to polyoma or BK viral sequences.
Prolonged Heightened Blood Pressure Following Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke is Associated with Worse Outcomes

Most data evaluating the relationship of post-mechanical thrombectomy (MT) blood pressure (BP) management and outcomes of patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) focus on early BP control within the first 24 h. We investigated the correlation of daily BP trends up to the third day following MT with patient outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively maintained database for LVO patients treated with MT from February 2015 to December 2017. Recorded BP values for 72 h post-reperfusion were reviewed. Daily peak systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) were extracted for each day post-procedure. The association and importance between BP increments of 10 mmHg and mortality, hemorrhage, and functional independence (FI = mRS ≤ 2) was analyzed in a multivariable logistic regression and random forest (RF) analyses modeling. A total of 212 thrombectomies were included. An increase in peak 24-h SBP was independently associated with higher likelihood of symptomatic hemorrhage (OR 1.2, p = 0.048) and decreased functional independence (OR 0.85, p = 0.03). Higher day 2 and day 3 peak SBP was strongly correlated with decreased functional independence and higher mortality. Third day SBP < 140 was independently associated with higher likelihood of functional independence (OR 4.3, p = 0.0004). Post-MT patients with and without functional independence demonstrated a similar relative decrease in peak SBP between the first 2 days following thrombectomy (p = 0.26); however, those without functional independence experienced a significant rebound increase in peak SBP on the third day following MT (mean change from day 2 to 3: FI − 3.5 mmHg, non-FI + 3.9 mmHg; p = 0.005). High daily maximum SBP and a rebound SBP on the third day following MT is independently associated with increased likelihood of functional dependence.
Stability of epitaxial pseudocubic group IV-V semiconductors

The semiconductor industry has developed complex growth methods to maximize the doping of contact regions and to minimize the contact resistance in semiconductor devices. These growth methods have created highly doped Si:P and Si:As films in which concentrations of the impurity as high as 10% are introduced with no visible precipitation. This work uses density functional theory to compare the relative stability of the dopant in a submicroscopic phase. Specifically, the stabilities of the pseudocubic Si 3 P 4, Si 3 As 4, Ge 3 P 4, and Ge 3 As 4 submicroscopic phases are analyzed at the level of density functional theory. The stability of these phases is analyzed as a function of strain in two dimensions, representing epitaxial growth, and three dimensions, representing inclusions in an extended matrix. The results show that both strained and unstrained extended pseudocubic Si 3 P 4 and Si 3 As 4 phases are thermodynamically unstable relative to SiP and SiP 2, and SiAs and SiAs 2, respectively. The extended forms of pseudocubic Ge 3 P 4 and Ge 3 As 4 phases are also thermodynamically unstable under epitaxial strain and volumetric strain. Because this work strongly suggests that extended phases Si 3 P 4, Si 3 As 4, Ge 3 P 4, and Ge 3 As 4 are not stable under experimental growth conditions, high levels of doping of Si or Ge by P or As most likely result in the formation of dispersed dopant clusters or a dispersed phase rather than the formation of submicroscopic pseudocubic phases of the dopants.
Performing Law Into Being: How One Religious Community Remade State Law:

This paper considers the case of the Karaite sect in modern-day Israel as an instance where an insular and marginalized religious community reshaped official law through its members’ religious perf...