cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grafting Tomato with Interspecific Rootstock to Manage Diseases Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and Southern Root-Knot Nematode

Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe damage to fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) throughout the southeastern United States. Grafting is an emerging technology in U.S. tomato production, and growers require information regarding the resistance characteristics conferred by rootstocks. In this study, southern blight (SB) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) were effectively managed using interspecific hybrid rootstocks. During 2007 and 2008, field trials were carried out at two locations that had soils naturally infested with S. rolfsii. At the end of the growing seasons, the mean SB incidence of nongrafted plants was 27 and 79% at the two sites. SB incidence among plants grafted onto rootstock cultivars Big Power (one location only), Beaufort, and Maxifort ranged from 0 to 5%, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were lower than for nongrafted and self-grafted controls (P < 0.01). At one location, soils were naturally infested with RKN, and all three rootstocks reduced RKN AUDPC and RKN soil populations at first harvest (P < 0.01). Big Power was particularly effective at reducing RKN galling and RKN soil populations at final fruit harvest (P < 0.01). Fruit yield was higher when resistant rootstocks were utilized (P < 0.05), and in our study grafting was effective at maintaining crop productivity in soils infested with S. rolfsii and M. incognita.
Pressure Effects on Geometry and Structure of Gas Jet Flames in Crossflow

Flame structure and geometry of natural gas andpropanediffusion  ames in cross ow are presented to delineate the effects of buoyancyand ambientpressure. The fuel was injected horizontally into a verticallymovingairstream. The buoyancy acted along the direction of the cross ow. The combustion-chamber pressure was varied from 1 to 1.45 bar and the cross ow to jet velocity ratio from 0.1 to 1.45. Quantitative rainbow schlieren de ectometry was used to visualize the  ame and to measure the geometrical parameters. The centerline  ame trajectory showed three distinct regions, and the dimensionless coordinate of the jet centerline in the jet direction varied with 0.45, 0.25, 0 power of the coordinate in the cross ow direction and i 0.5 power of the Froude number based on the jet velocity in these regions. The  ame trajectories did not change signi cantly with pressure. Flame chord length varied with 0.45 power of the cross ow/jet velocity ratio. Flame length and soot formation characteristics changed notably with pressure. Propane  ames were more susceptible than natural gas  ames to the ambient pressure. The  ame luminosity caused by soot in the propane  ame changed only slightly with velocity ratio. However, the natural gas  ame became nonsooty at high velocity ratios.
Management of bacterial complications in critically ill patients: Surgical wound and catheter-related infections

The occurrence of surgical wound infections and/or bacteremia associated with central venous catheter use are of growing concern to all physicians who treat critically ill patients. The physician must be aware that some patients have an even greater risk for infection, such as those with multiple risk factors, those who are on central lines, or those patients who undergo multiple invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. The emergence of resistant pathogens, particularly Gram-positive pathogens, is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. In the face of this growing resistance among target organisms, the selection of the correct antimicrobial and nonpharmacologic interventions, based on correct identification and susceptibility test data, has become increasingly challenging. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and, more recently, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and staphylococci represent a significant danger to the patient. As a consequence, earlier and more precise identification of the pathogens most frequently associated with infection is essential. The role of exacting surgical technique, infection control measures, and the appropriate use of prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics cannot be overestimated in helping to reduce potential morbidity and mortality associated with severe surgical infection. The development of new antibiotics may help treat the difficult cases attributable to resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Temperature dependence of the optical absorption in amorphous Ta2O5 and SiO2 dielectric thin films

The intrinsic and induced with 514 nm radiation optical absorption at 1064 nm in Ta2O5 and SiO2 thin films is studied in the temperature range 20 - 630 K.
Carbon flux through tricarboxylic acid cycle in rat renal tubules

Abstract Our aim was to delineate the effect(s) of chronic metabolic acidosis on renal TCA-cycle metabolism. Renal tubules isolated from control and chronically acidotic rats were incubated at pH 7.4 with either 2 mM [2,3- 13 C]pyruvate or [2- 13 C]acetate. GC-MS and/or 13 C-NMR were utilized to monitor the flux of 13 C through pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase and the TCA-cycle. With either, precursor acidosis was associated with significantly decreased formation of 13 C-labelled citrate, malate, aspartate and alanine and increase formation of glucose, lactate and acetyl-CoA as compared with the control. The results indicate that adaptation of renal metabolism to chronic metabolic acidosis is associated with diminished flux through citrate synthetase and concomitantly increased flux through pyruvate carboxylase. The data suggest that depletion of TCA-cycle intermediates and enhanced ammoniagenesis in the kidney of chronically acidotic rats may be regulated at the site of mitochondrial citrate-condensing enzyme.
The future of our specialty: Orthopedics and its Trojan horse: Speech at the congress of the Nordic Orthopedic Federation, Tampere, Finland 2000

(2000). The future of our specialty: Orthopedics and its Trojan horse: Speech at the congress of the Nordic Orthopedic Federation, Tampere, Finland 2000. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 574-579.
Late Presentation of a Lead Perforation as a Complication of Permanent Pacemaker Insertion

Lead perforation is a less-recognized delayed complication of device implantation. Delay in recognition may prove fatal. Predictors of postimplantation pericardial effusion, which serves as a marker of perforation, include concomitant use of transvenous pacemaker, steroid use within 7 days, and older age. The authors report a case of an 86-year-old patient who presented with a lead perforation 16 months following the original pacemaker insertion. Following surgical repair with sternotomy, a new ventricular lead was placed via a transvenous approach at the right ventricular septum. A higher clinical suspicion should be maintained in the elderly in whom perforation occurs more frequently, and consideration should be given to implanting the lead in sites other than the right ventricular apex to minimize the risk of this late complication.
TIROS VORTICES AND LARGE-SCALE VERTICAL MOTION1

Abstract TIROS cloud photographs and fine-scale quasi-geostrophic calculations of vertical motion are used in an attempt to gain understanding of the evolution of vertices and other aspects of large-scale cloud masses and to explore the usefulness of the pictures in diagnosis of the vertical motions. Horizontal and vertical motions are found to be of roughly equal importance in the evolution of cloud patterns, except in the early phases of the storm, when the latter predominate. This circumstance complicates the diagnostic application of the pictures, but the evolution of cloud patterns is nicely accounted for. Cloud vortices occur in a variety of large-scale motion environments and seem to depend on fine-scale variations of motion and moisture structure which escape detection in conventional sounding networks. Quasi-geostrophic theory is found to yield at least qualitatively realistic vertical motions even in application to systems of smaller scale than can be justified a priori.
Theoretical model for local heat transfer coefficient for annular flow boiling in circular mini/micro-channels

Abstract This study examines two-phase heat transfer characteristics associated with annular flow boiling in circular mini/micro-channels with circumferentially uniform heat flux. A theoretical control-volume-based model is developed based on the assumptions of smooth interface between the annular liquid film and vapor core, and uniform film thickness around the channel’s circumference. Droplet entrainment and deposition effects are incorporated in the model with the aid of new correlations for initial liquid droplet quality at the onset of annular flow, and deposition mass transfer coefficient, respectively. The model also accounts for interfacial suppression of turbulent eddies due to surface tension with the aid of an eddy diffusivity model specifically tailored to shear-driven turbulent films. The model shows excellent predictive capability against 149 convective boiling dominant data points for saturated flow boiling in circular mini/micro-channels, evidenced by an overall mean absolute error of 16.5%, with 91.3% and 98.0% of the data falling within ±30% and ±50% error bands, respectively.
Aspirin Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Thrombosis: Expectations and Limitations

Platelets play a very important role in the pathogenesis of acute vascular events leading to thrombosis of the coronary and cerebral arteries. Blockage of these arteries leading to regional ischemia of heart and brain tissues precipitate heart attacks and stroke. Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) has been the drug of choice for over half a century for the primary and secondary prophylaxis of thrombotic events. In spite of its extensive use as an antiplatelet drug for the prevention of vascular thrombosis, there is considerable concern about the degree of protection it offers, to patients under aspirin therapy. In this paper, we explain the phenomenon of aspirin resistance, discuss the limitations of aspirin therapy, and suggest methods to monitor “at-risk” individuals. Ability to monitor and determine at risk patients will provide opportunities for the clinicians to customize antiplatelet therapies.
Evaluating text categorization in the presence of OCR errors

In this paper we describe experiments that investigate the effects of OCR errors on text categorization. In particular, we show that in our environment, OCR errors have no effect on categorization when we use a classifier based on the naive Bayes model. We also observe that dimensionality reduction techniques eliminate a large number of OCR errors and improve categorization results.
Maternal presence serves as a switch between learning fear and attraction in infancy

Odor-shock conditioning produces either olfactory preference or aversion in preweanling (12–15 days old) rats, depending on the context. In the mother's absence, odor-shock conditioning produces amygdala activation and learned odor avoidance. With maternal presence, this same conditioning yields an odor preference without amygdala activation. Maternal presence acts through modulation of pup corticosterone and corticosterone's regulation of amygdala activity. Over-riding maternal suppression of corticosterone through intra-amygdala corticosterone infusions permits fear conditioning and amygdala activation.
The estimation of marginal utility of income for application to agricultural policy analysis

Abstract A quality-of-life index (QLI), a proxy measure of utility, is constructed by factor-weighted and simple-summation weighted aggregation of socio-psychological measures of well-being. The socio-psychological measures were constructed from quality of life domains taken from selected years of the General Social Surveys [General Social Surveys, 1972–1993: Cumulative Code Book. Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith — Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, 1993. (National Data Program for the Social Sciences Series, no. 13).]. The Quality of Life Indices (QLI) indices are regressed on selected socio-demographic variables using quadratic, Cobb-Douglas, square root, and semilog functional forms. QLI is much influenced by income, education, and health. As measured here, QLI is not much influenced by year of measurement, sector, or by region of residence. Much variability in the QLI is unique to individuals, and our results are suited to predict group, rather than individual well-being. Practitioners computing the benefit-cost ratio for a public program, project, or policy can weight dollars by income groups with marginal utilities derived from this study. That methodology will matter: even the ‘conservative’ quadratic equation indicates that the marginal utility of income (MUI) for families with very low incomes is half as large as for families with median incomes.
Insights and Blindspots of the Cognitivist Theory of Emotions

AbstractPhilosophical cognitivists have argued for more than four decades that emotions are special types of judgments. Anti-cognitivists have provided a series of counterexamples aiming to show th...
Effect of preceding resistance exercise on metabolism during subsequent aerobic session

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute effect of prior resistance training of varying intensities on energy expenditure and substrate utilization during subsequent aerobic exercise. Eleven males and 21 females completed three experimental trials consisting of (1) aerobic exercise only (C), (2) aerobic exercise preceded by a high-intensity resistance training (HI), and (3) aerobic exercise preceded by a low-intensity resistance training (LO). Resistance training produced an equal volume between HI and LO and consisted of six exercises with each performed for three sets of eight repetitions at 90% of 8-RM in HI and three sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of 8-RM in LO. Aerobic exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer at 50% VO(2)peak for 20 min in all trials. Oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbohydrate and fat oxidation were determined throughout each aerobic exercise session. Fat oxidation rate was higher (P < 0.05) in HI than either LO or C in both males and females. VO2 was also higher (P < 0.05) in HI than either LO or C in females. In males, although between-trial differences in VO2 did not reach statistical significance, they were consistent with the trend seen in females. No differences in carbohydrate oxidation rates were observed across the three trials in either gender group. It appears that in training that combines both aerobic and resistance exercises, performing a comparatively higher intensity resistance exercise first would augment fat utilization and energy expenditure during subsequent aerobic exercise.
Clinical Spectrum of Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis

Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV) is a rare chronic clinical syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by profuse purulent vaginal discharge, diffuse exudative vaginitis, epithelial cell exfoliation, and pain. A diagnosis of DIV is often missed by even experienced practitioners owing to its rarity and its clinical and laboratory presentation similar to other inflammatory vulvovaginal disorders. Although DIV is difficult to treat and often requires long-term therapy for maintenance, successful therapy has been reported with topical steroids and clindamycin.
Theory versus implementation in congestion-priced parking: An evaluation of SFpark, 2011–2012

Abstract Shortages of street parking can cause cruising, a major source of urban congestion. We used SFpark, a federally funded experiment in market-priced parking in San Francisco, to study how changes in meter prices influenced on-street parking availability. We supervised observations of more than 13,400 vehicles parked on a subset of dynamically priced and control blocks at three points in time during 2011 and 2012. Repeated-observation, change-on-change regressions show that when prices rose, the block-level occupancy of parking fell, suggesting that SFpark worked as intended. But blocks where prices rose showed no discernible improvement in parking availability —the share of time at least one space on a block face was vacant. Price increases also had no association with other factors we would expect to be influenced by price, including parking duration, vehicle turnover, and carpooling. These relationships were robust to controlling for the parking zone, the previous price level, nearby employment, and the weather. A price system designed to improve average occupancy may not improve parking availability, and thus may not reduce cruising. Cities trying to reduce cruising may need to adjust prices based on minimum vacancy, and price changes may need to be larger in many cases.
Optimal input signal design for data-centric estimation methods

Data-centric estimation methods such as Model-on-Demand and Direct Weight Optimization form attractive techniques for estimating unknown functions from noisy data. These methods rely on generating a local function approximation from a database of regressors at the current operating point with the process repeated at each new operating point. This paper examines the design of optimal input signals formulated to produce informative data to be used by local modeling procedures. The proposed method specifically addresses the distribution of the regressor vectors. The design is examined for a linear time-invariant system under amplitude constraints on the input. The resulting optimization problem is solved using semidefinite relaxation methods. Numerical examples show the benefits in comparison to a classical PRBS input design.
Characteristics of Teachers Nominated for an Accelerated Principal Preparation Program.

This article reports the initial evaluation results of a new accelerated, job-embedded principal preparation program funded by a Race to the Top Grant (U.S. Department of Education, 2012a) in Florida. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square analyses were used to describe the characteristics of a group of potential applicants nominated to the program by their principals. Demographic and education-related variables for the group were compared to a group of self-selected students enrolled in an existing educational leadership masterâ€™s program at the same public university. Initial statistical analysis revealed that more than two-thirds of the nominated teachers belonged to a minority group and had not majored in education as undergraduates. These findings have immediate implications for this new program and for research related to the identification of potential future educational leaders.
Methionine-enkephalin and β-endorphin levels in spleen and thymus gland of morphine tolerant-dependent and abstinent rats

Abstract The effect of chronic administration of morphine and abrupt and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the levels of β-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin in spleen, adrenals and thymus glands of Sprague-Dawley rats was determined. Rats were made tolerant to and dependent on morphine by subcutaneous implantation of 6 morphine pellets (75 mg morphine in each) during a 7-day period. The tolerant-dependent (with pellets intact) and abstinent (pellets removed 18 hours earlier) rats were sacrificed. In another group, rats with pellets intact were injected with naloxone and sacrificed 10 min later (precipitated abstinence). The weights of the tissues under any of the above treatments did not change nor did the levels of methionine-enkephalin and β-endorphin in adrenals. The level of β-endorphin was elevated in the spleen and thymus of morphine tolerant-dependent rats, while the levels of methionine-enkephalin in rats undergoing abrupt or naloxone-precipitated abstinence were significantly higher than in their respective placebo controls. The levels of methionine-enkephalin in the thymus gland of rats with placebo and morphine pellets left intact did not differ. It is concluded that in morphine tolerant-dependent rats the levels of β-endorphin in spleen and thymus are elevated. During abrupt and naloxone-precipitated abstinence, the levels of methionine-enkephalin in the thymus gland are significantly elevated possibly due to an inhibition of their release. Since these opioid peptides have been implicated in immunomodulation, and alterations were seen in organs controlling immune function, the present results may be helpful in explaining altered immune function in morphine dependent and abstinent states.
Bone marrow biopsy findings in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

Summary. Bone marrow biopsies from 13 cases of lymph-node-biopsy-proven angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) were studied. Eight cases (62%) showed a characteristic ‘granulomatoid’ lymphoreticular infiltrate composed of a mixture of lymphocytes, epithelioid histiocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells and eosinophils in varying proportions. Proliferation of blood vessels, although much less prominent than that described in lymph nodes, and a marked degree of reticulin fibrosis were also noted. The pattern of involvement was mainly focal and rarely diffuse. The foci were either single or multiple, and were distributed throughout the marrow but were only rarely paratrabecular. The associated haematopoietic marrow findings were nonspecific regardless of degree of bone marrow involvement. The histopathology of involved bone marrows in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is such that in some cases it should strongly suggest the diagnosis even in the absence of a prior definitive lymph node biopsy. Differentiating features from other disorders that might be confused with AILD are discussed. Survival rate was adversely affected by bone marrow involvement.
Comparing the Influence of Wildfire and Prescribed Burns on Watershed Nitrogen Biogeochemistry Using 15N Natural Abundance in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystem Components

We evaluated differences in the effects of three low-severity spring prescribed burns and four wildfires on nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry in Rocky Mountain headwater watersheds. We compared paired (burned/unburned) watersheds of four wildfires and three spring prescribed burns for three growing seasons post-fire. To better understand fire effects on the entire watershed ecosystem, we measured N concentrations and δ15N in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems components, i.e., soil, understory plants in upland and riparian areas, streamwater, and in-stream moss. In addition, we measured nitrate reductase activity in foliage of Spiraea betulifolia, a dominant understory species. We found increases of δ15N and N concentrations in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem N pools after wildfire, but responses were limited to terrestrial N pools after prescribed burns indicating that N transfer from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystem components did not occur in low-severity prescribed burns. Foliar δ15N differed between wildfire and prescribed burn sites; the δ15N of foliage of upland plants was enriched by 2.9 ‰ (difference between burned and unburned watersheds) in the first two years after wildfire, but only 1.3 ‰ after prescribed burns. In-stream moss δ15N in wildfire-burned watersheds was enriched by 1.3 ‰, but there was no response by moss in prescription-burned watersheds, mirroring patterns of streamwater nitrate concentrations. S. betulifolia showed significantly higher nitrate reductase activity two years after wildfires relative to corresponding unburned watersheds, but no such difference was found after prescribed burns. These responses are consistent with less altered N biogeochemistry after prescribed burns relative to wildfire. We concluded that δ15N values in terrestrial and aquatic plants and streamwater nitrate concentrations after fire can be useful indicators of the magnitude and duration of fire effects and the fate of post-fire available N.
Sugarcane exposure and the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma.

A case-control study was conducted of the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma from environmental and occupational exposures associated with sugarcane production. A slight, not statistically significant, excess risk of lung cancer was observed among participants who reported working in the sugarcane industry (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 0.5–7.5). No increased risk was observed among our population, associated with living near sugarcane growing areas. Little difference was observed between cases and controls in years employed in the industry or jobs performed. Only one mesothelioma case and no controls reported working in the sugarcane industry.
Localization of the eigenvalues of linear integral equations with applications to linear ordinary differential equations

The equivalence of a considered integral equation form with an infinite system of linear equations is proved, and the localization of the eigenvalues of the infinite system is expressed. Error estimates are derived, and the problems of finding upper bounds and lower bounds for the eigenvalues are solved simultaneously.
Secrecy Rate Pair Constraints for Secure Throughput

Physical layer security, which is an alternative to traditional cryptographic methods, has emerged as a promising candidate to protect wireless transmissions from an eavesdropper. An important measure of physical layer security is the secrecy outage: the event when the instantaneous secrecy capacity, which for the considered scenario is the difference between the capacity of the Alice (the transmitter) to Bob (the legitimate receiver) channel and the capacity of the Alice to Eve (the eavesdropper) channel, is below a target secrecy rate for which the system has been designed. In this paper, we argue that design under such an outage definition on a wireless channel is inadequate in some scenarios, as it treats very different error events with equal weight. In response, we propose that two conditions are met: the instantaneous capacity between the source and destination is above a target rate and the instantaneous capacity between the source and eavesdropper is held below a target rate. The two individual target rates form a secrecy rate pair. This also naturally splits the outage event into two regions with quite different costs: the eavesdropper's ability to decode the message (which is a security breach and must be avoided), and the destination's inability to decode the message (which simply requires a retransmission). We use our formulation to consider rate pair selection in hybrid ARQ systems and provide numerical results supporting this approach.
Differential Patterns of Achievement Among Asian-American Adolescents

Very little is known about the factors and processes that lead to differential patterns of achievement among Asian-American adolescents. Using grades and standardized test scores as criteria variables, a paper- and- pencil survey was conducted to determine the relative effects of sociocultural variables, personality factors, and student perceptions of school and social events in explaining differential patterns of academic performance within a sample (N=89) of Asian-American tenth graders. Generally, the results demonstrate that Asian-American students whose educational and social experiences convey a strong link between schooling, academic success, and social integration are more likely to demonstrate patterns of achievement, as reflected in higher grades and better performance on standardized tests. The study's findings are discussed in connection with the relative functionalism concept proposed by S. Sue and S. Okazaki (1990) and the effective schools literature.
Rejection of False Events in Childhood A Metamemory Account

Knowing how to identify events that we never experienced is an important skill: This ability enables us to reject such events as part of our past and thus reduces the risk of creating false memories. Recent research highlights the involvement of metamemory processes in this domain. I review empirical evidence pertaining to the functioning and development of the memorability-based strategy, a specific mechanism rooted in metamemory. The substantial development of this mechanism during childhood can provide an account for children's vulnerability to false-memory formation.
Recurrent Sequences of Polynomials in Three-Dimensional Topology

A sequence of polynomials in several variables is recurrent if it satisfies a linear recursion with fixed polynomial coefficients. The Newton polytope of a recurrent sequence of polynomials is quasi-linear. Our goal is to give examples of recurrent sequences of polynomials that appear in three-dimensional topology, classical, and quantum.
Acute and chronic effects of amiodarone on delayed afterdepolarization and triggered automaticity in rabbit ventricular myocardium

The effects of amiodarone on delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) and triggered automaticity induced by low potassium (0.5 mEq/L) were evaluated on isolated rabbit right ventricular muscles, by means of standard microelectrode techniques. Triggered automaticity was induced in 6 of 10 muscles in the control group, in four of eight in the amiodarone-superfused group, and in three of four in the Tween 80-pretreated group. In contrast, triggered automaticity could be induced in only 2 of 10 of amiodarone-pretreated muscles (n = 10) (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, daily for 4 weeks; p less than 0.05 compared to control and amiodarone-superfused groups). The amplitude of DAD was significantly lower in muscles isolated from rabbits pretreated with amiodarone compared to those from nontreated control rabbits (n = 17). The degree of reduction was significant during all three cycle lengths of stimulation tested (800, 600, and 400 msec), that is, 2.5 +/- 1.8 vs 5.1 +/- 1.8, 2.4 +/- 2.1 vs 5.5 +/- 2.3, and 3.3 +/- 3.4 vs 9.3 +/- 4.3, respectively (values are in millivolts of mean +/- SD). Superfusion with amiodarone (3 micrograms/ml; n = 8) significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the amplitude of DAD at 800 msec cycle length, but had no significant effect at cycle lengths of 600 and 400 msec. Tissue concentrations of amiodarone in the pretreated group were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those in the superfused group (10 +/- 6.8 vs 21 +/- 3.1 micrograms/gm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IgM malaria antibodies in a case of congenital malaria in the United States.

Abstract In the past 45 years there have been only two cases of congenital malaria in the United States. A third case, caused by Plasmodium malariœ is described in an infant born in California in 1967. The mother had no recent history of malaria; her last attack being in China in 1945. High titres of malaria antibodies were found on indirect fluorescent-antibody testing of serum from both mother and baby, and IgM malaria antibodies were demonstrated in the baby's serum before chemotherapy.
Chronic effects of workplace noise on blood pressure and heart rate

Environmental noise levels in the United States are increasing, yet there are few studies in which the nonauditory effects of workplace noise are assessed. In the current study, the authors examined chronic effects of noise on blood pressure and heart rate in 374 workers at an automobile plant. Data were collected from subjects prior to the start of their workshift. Participants completed questionnaires about diet, alcohol use, lifestyle, noise annoyance, use of hearing protection, noise exposure outside of the work environment, personal and family health histories, and demographic information. Resting blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index were obtained. Noise exposure levels were extracted retrospectively from company records for each participant for the past 5 yr. Summary statistics were generated for each variable, and the authors performed bivariate correlations to identify any unadjusted associations. The authors then completed statistical modeling to investigate the effects of noise on blood pressure and heart rate, after they controlled for other variables (e.g., gender, race, age). The authors controlled for confounding variables, after which use of hearing protection in high-noise areas was a significant predictor of a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The results suggested that the reduction of noise exposure by means of engineering controls or by consistent use of hearing protection by workers may positively affect health outcomes.
Psychosocial treatments for ADHD: a systematic appraisal of the evidence.

Objective: Children with learning disabilities often experience comorbid ADHD, impacting on the effectiveness of interventions for those children. In addition to pharmacologic intervention, clinicians and educators employ a variety of psychosocial methods to address the behavioral and social issues that arise in children with ADHD, including those with co-occurring learning disabilities. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted examining treatment studies using psychosocial interventions for children with ADHD. Because of the importance of such reviews to evidence based clinical and educational practice, it is essential that reviews be conducted with rigorous methodologies to avoid bias in conclusions (Schlosser, Wendt, & Sigafoos, 2007). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted for psychosocial treatments of ADHD in children. Method: Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English language studies of psychosocial treatments for ADHD in children up to 18-years-old from 1998 to 2010. Twenty-one studies were identified that met inclusion criteria (13 systematic reviews, 8 meta-analyses). Independent examiners used the quality rating scale proposed by Auperin, Pignon, and Pynard (1997) to rate the characteristics of good systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Results indicated that certain methodological characteristics were common across trials reviewed, yet shortcomings were common among most reviews, including inadequate descriptions of data extraction methods and lack of quality ratings for trials included in the reviews. Conclusion: Synthesis of findings from the five top-rated reviews and the literature on ADHD suggest that psychosocial treatments contribute to improvements on behavioral and social outcomes. How ADHD and LD interplay in treatment outcomes is largely unexplored. (J. of Att. Dis. 2012; XX(X) 1-XX)
Pentraxin 3 Sends Urinary Tract Infection Down the Drain

When it comes to treating urinary tract infections (UTIs), sometimes drinking cranberry juice just doesn’t cut it. Indeed, UTIs can have serious downstream effects, including renal failure and septic shock. The body has built-in defenses against UTIs, including the anatomy of the urinary tract and the flushing action of urine, mucins, and antimicrobial peptides, which eliminate contaminating bacteria. If these defenses fail, there is another level of protection in place: Epithelial cells can recognize microbial products, resulting in the generation of mediators that both recruit phagocytes to the site of infection and enhance their antimicrobial effector function. Pentraxins (PTXs) are soluble pattern-recognition receptors produced during inflammation. Diverse myeloid and nonmyeloid cells produce PTX3, which acts as an opsonin favoring phagocyte microbial ingestion. However, the role of PTX3 in the control of UTIs and mediating human UTI pathogenesis remains unknown. Jailion et al. detected high levels of PTX3 in the urine and blood in mice and people infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Mouse Ptx3 deficiency resulted in higher bacterial burden in the bladder and kidney as well as increased neutrophil recruitment, production of chemokine, and tissue damage when compared with that in wild-type mice. The primary sources of PTX3 in the urinary tract were uroepithelial cells and leukocytes recruited into the urinary tract after infection. The authors observed that PTX3 promoted both UPEC uptake and phagosomal maturation by neutrophils. Interestingly, there were significant differences in PTX3 levels in the urine of UTI patients, with varying severity. Indeed, genetic analysis of UTI-prone patients indicated that PTX3 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to acute pyelonephritis. The authors also suggested a direct correlation between PTX3 levels in the urine and the magnitude of infection, which indicates that PTX3 may be considered as a potential biomarker for UTIs. The role of PTX3 in the pathogenesis of UTI presented in this study greatly enhances our understanding of urinary tract infection. These results highlight the possibility of therapeutic opportunities to improve immune competence and microbial clearance in patients with severe UTI. S. Jailon et al. , The humoral pattern recognition molecule PTX3 is a key component of innate immunity against urinary tract infection. Immunity 40 , 621–632 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613%2814%2900113-7
The effect of Daclizumab in a high-risk renal transplant population

Introduction: African-American (AA) renal transplant recipi- ents have a higher incidence of acute rejection when compared to Cau- casian renal transplant recipients. This higher rejection rate holds true even with the addition of several of the newer immunosuppressive agents (e.g. mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Rapamycin). Acute re- jection rates among Hispanic (H) renal transplant recipients are higher in some settings, while lower or the same as in Caucasians in other settings. IL-2 receptor antibodies have been shown to decrease rejection rates when added to a regimen of cyclosporine (CsA), azathioprine and prednisone. Limited data are available on these agents in conjunction with triple CsA, MMF and prednisone therapy, particularly in higher risk group patients. We studied the effect of the addition of the IL-2 receptor antibody Daclizumab to a CsA, MMF, prednisone regimen in a group of African-American and high-risk Hispanic renal transplant recipients. Methods: This was a non-randomized, prospective study. A total of 49 renal transplant recipients (29 African-American and 20 Hispanic) were studied and followed. A simultaneous cohort of 56 (31 African- American and 25 Hispanic) renal transplant recipients receiving CsA, MMF and prednisone with no standard induction agent served as the control group. The study cohort received the same regimen with the addition of Daclizumab at 1 mg:kg for five doses over 10 wk. Multi- variate analysis was performed to isolate independent factors influenc- ing the study's results. Results: A total of 56 patients in the control group and 49 patients in the Daclizumab group received an average follow-up of 17.19 6.9 and 12.79 5.1 months, respectively. Acute rejection rates were lower in the Daclizumab group as compared to the control group 26.4% versus 49.3% per patient years, respectively. A total of eight recurrent rejec- tions in 6 patients occurred in the control group and none in the Daclizumab arm. Graft loss at this follow-up was no different between the groups. Conclusion: The addition of Daclizumab to a regimen of CsA, MMF and prednisone decreases acute rejection episodes in a high-risk group of African-American and Hispanic renal transplant recipients.
Christian critics of empire: Missionaries, lantern lectures, and the Congo reform campaign in Britain

(2001). Christian critics of empire: Missionaries, lantern lectures, and the Congo reform campaign in Britain. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 27-58.
Metabolism of chemical carcinogens

The transformation of chemicals is important in carcinogenesis, both in bioactivation and detoxification. Major advances in the past 20 years include appreciation of the migration of reactive electrophiles, the ability of Phase II conjugating enzymes to activate chemicals, understanding of the human enzymes, the realization that DNA modification can result from endogenous chemicals, and the demonstration that cancers can result from the metabolism of chemicals to non-covalently bound products. Pathways of transformation in which major insight was gained during the past 20 years include nitropolycyclic hydrocarbons, polycyclic hydrocarbons and their diols, vinyl halides and dihaloalkanes. Advances in analytical methods and recombinant DNA technology contributed greatly to the study of metabolism of chemical carcinogens. Major advances have been made in the assignment of roles of individual enzymes in reactions. The knowledge developed in this field has contributed to growth in the areas of chemoprevention, molecular epidemiology and species comparisons of risk. Some of the areas in which future development relevant to carcinogen metabolism is expected involve pathways of transformation of certain chemicals, regulation of genes coding for many of the enzymes under consideration and genomics.
Stimulating social engagement in a community network

One of the most challenging problems facing builders and facilitators of community networks is to create and sustain social engagement among members. In this paper, we investigate the drivers of social engagement in a community network through the analysis of three data sources: activity logs, a member survey, and the content analysis of the conversation archives. We describe three important ways to encourage and support social engagement in online communities: through system design elements such as conversation channeling and event notification, by various selection criteria for community members, and through facilitation of specific kinds of discussion topics.
Characterization of chemical bonding and physical characteristics of diamond-like amorphous carbon and diamond films

Diamond-like (amorphous) carbon (DLC) films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and diamond films were prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD). For the first time, chemical and mechanical characterization of the films from each category are carried out systematically and a comparison of the chemical and physical properties is provided. We find that DLC coatings produced by PECVD are superior in microhardness and modulus of elasticity to those produced by sputtering. PECVD films contain a larger fraction of sp3-bonding than the sputtered hydrogenated carbon films. Chemical and physical properties of the diamond films appear to be close to those of bulk diamond.
Pelagic nitrogen flux in the northern Bering Sea

Nitrogen uptake rates are reported for the water masses found in the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas. Four water masses are identified in the study area: Anadyr, modified Bering Shelf, Alaskan Coastal and Siberian Coastal. Nitrate-rich Anadyr water drives the very productive "west bloom", where uptake rates for total nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium and urea combined) are >6.0 mg-at. N m -2 h -1 and nitrate contributes up to 50% of the total. Nitrate contributes <35% to total nitrogen uptake rates of 1.80 mg-at. N m -2 h -1 in the modified Bering Shelf water mass. Nitrogen uptake in Alaskan Coastal water is lowest (1.0 mg-at. N m -2 h- 1 ) with new production (i.e. nitrate uptake) only 15% of the total. A simple nitrogen budget suggests that 29 and 62% of the annual nitrogen productivity in the modified Bering Shelf and Anadyr waters, respectively, can be exported through Bering Strait into the southern Chukchi Sea for deposition. This large allochthonous source of phytodetritus, and a similarly large autochthonous source, can lead to the high organic carbon content found in the sediments of the southern Chukchi Sea.
Theory of edge plasma in a spheromak

Abstract Properties of the edge plasma in the SSPX spheromak during the plasma formation and sustainment phases are discussed. For the breakdown and formation phase, the main emphasis is on the analysis of possible plasma contamination by impurities from the electrodes of the plasma gun (helicity injector). The issue of an azimuthally uniform breakdown initiation is also discussed. After the plasma settles down in the main vacuum chamber, one has to sustain the current between the electrodes, in order to continuously inject helicity. We discuss properties of the plasma on the field lines intersecting the electrodes. We conclude that the thermal balance of this plasma is maintained by Joule heating competing with parallel heat losses to the electrodes. The resulting plasma temperature is in the range 15–30 eV. Under the expected operational conditions, the `current' velocity of the electrons is only slightly below their thermal velocity. Implications of this observation are briefly discussed.
Diminished MTORC1-Dependent JNK Activation Underlies the Neurodevelopmental Defects Associated with Lysosomal Dysfunction

Here, we evaluate the mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental deficits in Drosophila and mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). We find that lysosomes promote the growth of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) via Rag GTPases and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1). However, rather than employing S6K/4E-BP1, MTORC1 stimulates NMJ growth via JNK, a determinant of axonal growth in Drosophila and mammals. This role of lysosomal function in regulating JNK phosphorylation is conserved in mammals. Despite requiring the amino-acid-responsive kinase MTORC1, NMJ development is insensitive to dietary protein. We attribute this paradox to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which restricts neuronal amino acid uptake, and the administration of an ALK inhibitor couples NMJ development to dietary protein. Our findings provide an explanation for the neurodevelopmental deficits in LSDs and suggest an actionable target for treatment.
ANTS: a toolkit for building and dynamically deploying network protocols

The authors present a novel approach to building and deploying network protocols. The approach is based on mobile code, demand loading, and caching techniques. The architecture of the system allows new protocols to be dynamically deployed at both routers and end systems, without the need for coordination and without unwanted interaction between co-existing protocols. They describe the architecture and its realization in a prototype implementation. To demonstrate how to exploit the architecture, they present two simple protocols that operate within the prototype to introduce multicast and mobility services into a network that initially lacks them.