cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Desquamative gingivitis: a form of cicatricial pemphigoid?

SUMMARY Desquamative gingivitis, a sub-epithelial vesiculo-bullous disease involving the gingiva, has been shown to have positive direct immunofluorescent findings similar to those of cicatricial pemphigoid. However, the lack of severe scarring, limitation of lesions to the anterior portion of the mouth and the tendency toward limitation of lesions to the oral mucosa over long periods of time in desquamative gingivitis, suggest that desquamative gingivitis and cicatricial pemphigoid are distinct and separate entities.
A High Spatial Resolution Study of the ON2 Massive Star-forming Region

We present 5''-10'' resolution images of the ON2 cloud core in the molecular lines 12CO(J = 1-0), SiO(v = 0, J = 2-1), H13CO+(J = 1-0), and SO2(83,5-92,8) and 3 millimeter continuum obtained with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array (BIMA) millimeter-wave interferometer. For the 12CO line, additional observations were obtained with the NRAO 12 m telescope to recover extended emission missed by the interferometer. We find evidence for at least four massive, energetic molecular outflows from young stellar objects within a 1.5 pc region. Three of these are identified by bipolar high-velocity 12CO emission, and a fourth is suggested by SiO and SO2 emission. Continuum emission is detected from the ultracompact (UC) H II region, G75.78+0.34, and also from two deeply embedded YSOs, one of which (source 3) may be the driving engine of the dominant central outflow G75 C. Approximately half of the SiO emission observed is not obviously linked to the proposed molecular outflows and perhaps traces additional shock activity within ON2. The high-resolution observations support the conclusion reached previously that a near-simultaneous massive star formation event occurred in the ON2 complex ~104 yr ago. The presence of molecular outflows in the cloud core shows that this event was not isolated to the cloud edges.
On quagmires, philosophical and otherwise: A reply to Phillips

This reply addresses three related problems in research on cognitive structure identified by Phillips: (a) the difficulty (impossibility for Phillips?) of inferring cognitive structure from observed behavior, (b) the confounding of cognitive structure with subject‐matter structure, and (c) the validity of construct interpretations of cognitive‐structure measurements. Inference from behavior to cognitive structure can be made if done carefully and cautiously under adequate constraints placed on the data. Cognitive structure is not confounded with subject‐matter structure; to the contrary, cognitive structure has been defined as the student's public understanding of the subject‐matter structure. Extensive prior research has supported cognitive‐structure interpretations of word association, similarity judgment, card sorting, and graph building measurements. Additional criticisms also are discussed.
Exploring genetic variability in drug therapy by selecting a minimum subset of the most informative single nucleotide polymorphisms through approximation of a markov blanket in a kernel-induced space

Genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) can potentially be helpful in exploring the role of genetic variability in drug therapy. However, two major problems with such an analysis are the need for a large number of interrogated genomes, and the resulting high-dimensional data where the number of SNPs used as features is much larger than the number of subjects. The aim of this study is to identify informative SNPs associated with clinical efficacy and side effects of domperidone treatment for gastroparesis from DNA microarray experiments by applying our feature selection method, which approximates the Markov Blanket in a kernel-induced space. DNA samples extracted from the saliva of 46 patients treated with domperidone were analyzed using Affymetrix 6.0 SNP microarrays. Experimental evaluations on this SNP microarray dataset provide evidence that our feature selection method can remove useless SNP features more accurately than existing Markov Blanket based alternatives.
Surgical Approaches to Thyroid Tumors

This article includes discussions of the surgical approach to benign and malignant disease and the role of prophylactic thyroidectomy and nodal dissection for medullary thyroid cancer. The controversy regarding the extent of dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer and the role of lymph node dissection are reviewed also. A description of the authors' surgical technique for thyroidectomy is detailed. Finally, several emerging technologies are introduced.
Dihydroquercetin accumulation in the medium of some wild carrot culture subclones

Approximately half of the subclones examined from one clone of the wild carrot cell culture WC63-1-9-1 accumulated dihydroquercetin in the culture medium. The amount of dihydroquercetin accumulated in the medium varied with the subclone used, the size of the inoculum, the medium used and the time of sampling.
Evaluation of low-activation vanadium alloys for use as structural material in fusion reactors☆

Abstract The V-7.2Cr-14.5Ti, V-9.2Cr-4.9Ti, V-9.9Cr-9.2Ti, V-13.5Cr-5.2Ti, V-4.1Cr-4.3Ti, Vanstar-7, V-4.6Ti, V-17.7Ti, V-10.0Ti, V-3.1Ti-(0.5-1.0)Si, and V-2.5Ti-1.0Si alloys were evaluated for use as structural material in fusion reactors. The alloys were evaluated on the basis of their unirradiated and neutron-irradiated yield strength; swelling resistance; ductile-brittle transition temperature; resistance to hydrogen, helium, and irradiation embrittlement; and compatibility with a lithium reactor coolant. On the basis of these evaluations, alloys of V-(0–7)Cr-(5–10)Ti-(0–1)Si are recommended for more intensive evaluation for use as structural material in fusion reactors.
Effects of ion-implanted nitrogen impurities on molybdenum silicide formation

Abstract In this study, nitrogen is introduced into a molybdenum film evaporated onto a silicon wafer. Nitrogen redistribution and alteration of silicide formation during subsequent annealing were investigated. It was found that nitrogen redistributes uniformly in the molybdenum film and becomes incorporated into the growing MoSi2 layer without any segregation effect taking place. However, nitrogen accumulates at the MoSi interfaces with high dose nitrogen implantation. Nitrogen incorporation causes an incubation time in the growth of MoSi2 which lengthens with increasing nitrogen dose. Nitrogen also slows down the silicide growth while the parabolic growth pattern is retained.
The Nature of the Variable Galactic Center Source IRS 16SW

We report measurements of the light curve of the variable Galactic center source IRS 16SW. The light curve is not consistent with an eclipsing binary or any other obvious variable star. The source may be an example of a high-mass variable predicted theoretically but not observed previously.
Solid‐phase synthesis of peptides via α, β‐unsaturated amino acids: Oxytocin, simultaneous incorporation of amide functions in COOH‐terminal and endo‐positions

Oxytocin was synthesized via the solid-phase method using dehydroalanine as pseudo-protecting group of the carboxyl-terminal as well as the omega-amide functions of asparagine and glutamine in endo-position. Starting with Boc-Gly-Dha-resin and using Boc-L-Asp(Dha-NHEt)-OH and Boc-L-Glu(Dha-NHEt)-OH as precursors of asparagine and glutamine, respectively, oxytocin was assembled in stepwise manner under solid phase synthesis conditions. Treatment of the protected [Glu(Dha-NHEt)4, Asp(Dha-NHEt)5]-oxytocin-Dha-resin with 1 n HCl in glacial acetic acid in the presence of 3 equiv. water removed the peptide from the support with the simultaneous formation of the asparagine and glutamine residues to give the protected nonapeptide amide: Cbz-Cys(Bzl)-Tyr(Bzl)-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys(Bzl)-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, which was deprotected with sodium in liquid ammonia and then oxidized with diiodoethane to give oxytocin. After purification by gel chromatography and countercurrent distribution, the product displayed the chemical and physical properties and oxytocic activity (533 +/- 301U/mg) of a standard oxytocin preparation.
Effect of intensive therapy for heart failure on the vasodilator response to exercise.

Abstract OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the lower extremity vascular responsiveness to metabolic stimuli in patients with heart failure and to determine whether these responses improve acutely after intensive medical therapy. BACKGROUND Metabolic regulation of vascular tone is an important determinant of blood flow, and may be abnormal in heart failure. METHODS The leg blood flow responses were measured in 11 patients with nonedematous class III–IV heart failure before and after inpatient medical therapy and in 10 normal subjects. Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure peak blood flow and total hyperemia in the calf after arterial occlusion and also after isotonic ankle exercise. Measurements were repeated following short-term inpatient treatment with vasodilators and diuretics administered to decrease right atrial pressure (18 ± 2 to 7 ± 1 mm Hg), pulmonary wedge pressure (32 ± 3 to 15 ± 2 mm Hg), and systemic vascular resistance (1581 ± 200 to 938 ± 63 dynes·s·cm−5, all p RESULTS Leg blood flow at rest, after exercise, and during reactive hyperemia was less in heart failure patients than in control subjects. Resting leg blood flow did not increase significantly after medical therapy, but peak flow after the high level of exercise increased by 59% (p = 0.009). Total hyperemic volume in the recovery period increased by 73% (p = 0.03). Similarly, the peak leg blood flow response to ischemia increased by 88% (p = 0.04), whereas hyperemic volume rose by 98% (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS The calf blood flow responses to metabolic stimuli are blunted in patients with severe heart failure, and improve rapidly with intensive medical therapy.
Anterior cervical discectomy without interbody fusion

BACKGROUND The use of an interbody bone graft during anterior cervical discectomy remains a controversial topic. This study presents the outcome of 64 consecutive patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy without an interbody fusion. METHODS Sixty-four consecutive patients underwent anterior cervical discectomy without interbody fusion by one surgeon at Indiana University School of Medicine between April 1994 and February 1998. A retrospective analysis of these cases was performed to evaluate outcome of this procedure. Outcome was determined using the criteria of Odom and Finney. RESULTS In our series of patients, the mean age was 49.4 years, and the mean time of follow-up was 8.5 months. The presentation was as follows: 69% radiculopathy alone, 23% combined myelopathy and radiculopathy, and 8% myelopathy. Although 31% of the patients had symptoms for more than 1 year, the mean duration of symptoms of the remainder of patients was 3.2 months. The majority of patients had single-level disease (77%); however, 25% underwent 2 level discectomies, and 2% underwent 3 level discectomies. Twenty-four patients (38%) had soft disc herniation, and 40 patients (62%) had hard disc herniation. Of the 64 patients, 91% had either good or excellent outcomes, 9% had satisfactory outcomes, and none had a poor result. Ninety-six percent of the patients with soft disc herniation had good or excellent outcomes, whereas 88% of the patients with hard disc had good or excellent outcomes (p = 0.217). Ninety-one percent of the patients who worked before surgery returned to work after their operation. None of the patients required reoperation at the operative level or exhibited instability at the operative level. Postoperative complications included transient intrascapular pain (13%), kyphotic deformity (3%), transient vocal cord paralysis (2%), and temporary dysphagia (2%). No significant difference in age or outcome existed when comparing males to females. CONCLUSION Satisfactory results can be attained by discectomy without an interbody fusion in the surgical management of cervical disc disease.
Calculation of threshold curves for Josephson quantum interference devices

In many applications of Josephson quantum interference devices, or interferometers, it is important to know the threshold curve which relates the maximum zero-voltage current of the device to the externally applied magnetic field. Generally there is no analytic expression for this curve available and numerical calculation is required. Several such techniques are discussed emphasizing one found to be most rapid in execution. This latter technique treats the problem as that of maximizing the zero-voltage current subject to the constraints that the sum of the phase differences of the superconducting order parameter across junctions and inductances in each interferometer loop be an integral multiple of 2π. Lagrange multipliers are used to formulate the constraints and to obtain simultaneous nonlinear equations whose solution yields the threshold curve. These equations are solved using the multi-dimensional Newton-Raphson iteration procedure. An implementation of this technique has been programmed in APL and has calculated 50 point threshold curves in times as small as 2 minutes. Aspects of this implementation are discussed and examples of threshold curves are given.
Restricting topical ocular chloramphenicol eye drop use in the United States. Did we overreact

T OPICALOCULARCHLORAMPHENICOL EYEDROPSARE relatively inexpensive and have broad-spectrum coverage of most gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 50% of the world use topical chloramphenicol as a first-line agent in the treatment of conjunctivitis. The topical eye drop form of chloramphenicol became available in 1948 and the first fatality from eye drops was reported in 1955. In 1982, Fraunfelder reported another fatality associated with this medication. A subsequent research letter in 1993 reviewed all known case reports of this adverse drug reaction, with 23 blood dyscrasias leading to 12 deaths. In 2007, chloramphenicol eye drops’ relation to aplastic anemia and blood dyscrasias was classified as ‘‘probable’’ according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, based on the known published case reports and the spontaneous reports submitted to the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects (Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA; www. eyedrugregistry.com). Within 2 years of the 1982 case report of death associated with topical ocular chloramphenicol, sales in the United States declined by 90% and the Physicians Desk Reference placed a black box warning that read: ‘‘.ocular chloramphenicol should not be used unless there is no alternative.’’ However, most countries continued to use the eye drop form of chloramphenicol, and in 2002 England made it the first-line drug of choice for conjunctivitis and it was made available over the counter without the need for a prescription. The rarity of this adverse drug reaction makes it difficult to study with any certainty. Some patients are genetically predisposed to develop blood dyscrasias when they are prescribed chloramphenicol systemically, and it stands to reason that this would hold true for topical administration as well. Published studies from around the world estimate the incidence of idiopathic blood dyscrasia at around 1 in 2 000 000 and drug-related incidence as higher, depending on the medication. What is the incidence of blood dyscrasia or aplastic anemia from topical ocular chloramphenicol? This answer is not known; however, there is an estimation based on population studies published since
WAVE: Program for simulating onshore-offshore transport in two dimensions using the Macintosh TM computer

WAVE is a FORTRAN-77 program for two-dimensional simulation of onshore-offshore transport of sand caused by oscillatory wave motions. Simulation of wave-induced processes is limited to the nearshore area, seaward of the breaker zone, where onshore-offshore transport dominates. The breaker zone is defined by a breaker index of H/d = 0.78, where H equals wave height and d equals depth. A wave front is propagated over a two-dimensional grid representing a geologic cross section of a beach. Each wave front consists of a wave crest followed by a wave trough. As a wave crest passes over the cross section, bottom velocities are calculated according to Stokes wave theory. Subsequently, a wave trough is passed over the section and bottom velocities are recalculated. Bottom velocities under wave crests are stronger, but of shorter duration, than velocities under wave troughs. Sorting and transport may occur due to these differences. Transport rates are calculated using algorithms based on Bagnold's equations for bedload and suspended-load transport. Wave climate, initial beach slope, and sand-grain sizes are specified by the user. Furthermore, wave climate can remain constant, or can be differed by changing the height of incoming waves according to a Rayleigh probability distribution. Although WAVE simplifies complex wave phenomena, experiments show that simplified two-dimensional models can be used to help predict complex interactions between differing wave climates, beach slope, and available grain sizes.
Surface self diffusion at high temperatures: new simulational insights

Abstract Surface self diffusion has been simulated using both Lennard-Jones and Stillinger-Weber potentials in order to explain why experimental activation energies and pre-exponential factors increase greatly at large fractions of the substrate melting point. With both potentials, these effects are observed clearly in simulations and are caused by the proliferation of adatom-vacancy pairs at these temperatures. At the very highest temperatures near melting, the activation energy and prefactor decrease again as the diffusion becomes liquid like.
Concerning the rototranslational absorption spectra of HeCH4 pairs

Abstract Existing measurements of the collision-induced rototranslational absorption spectrum of gaseous mixtures of helium and methane are analyzed using quantum profiles computed from recent interaction potentials and various assumptions concerning the interaction-induced dipole components. The computed profiles are expressed in terms of simple functions that reproduce closely both the computed spectra at temperatures from 40 to 350 K and the existing measurements at temperatures from 150 to 353 K. Such a simple analytical representation of the He CH 4 rototranslational spectra facilitates accurate modeling of planetary atmospheres in the far-infrared region of the spectrum.
Beyond techno-science: Transgenic maize in the fight over Mexico’s future

Abstract Disputes about genetically engineered crops are linked to wider debates about the globalization of agro-food systems and its consequences for food security, social equity, and rural life. Biotechnology expert discourse rarely addresses these wider issues. An exception is the assessment of transgenic maize by the NAFTA Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC), which recommended a moratorium on Mexican imports of US-grown maize. Controversy about “contamination” of indigenous maize varieties by US-grown transgenic corn has been intensified by rising Mexican discontent with the terms of regional economic integration. In this context, scientists and officials were pressured to consider not only risks to maize biodiversity but also the ecological, and cultural characteristics of maize in its Mexican settings and the implications of asymmetric power in North American agricultural trade. In contrast to most narrowly-framed biotechnology risk assessments, the review took account of interventions by rural social movements. While the new moratorium was not adopted by the state, continuing conflicts over GMOs in Mexico have blocked introduction of transgenic maize and have enlarged the political space for debate over Mexico’s development direction. These conflicts reflect the differing interests of various state actors and economic sectors with regard to trade liberalization. They also reveal contrasting food-system paradigms: further agricultural modernization, export competition, and food-import dependence versus an alternative vision of revitalized rural life, farmers’ rights, and national food sovereignty.
Hydrogen dissociation in a microwave discharge for diamond deposition

Abstract A mathematical model was developed to predict the degree of gas dissociation in an H 2 microwave discharge sustained in a tubular reactor. Reaction rate coefficients for electron-particle reactions were determined by solving the Boltzmann equation for the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). These coefficients were parameterized and used in a plasma model to calculate the self-sustaining electric field, atomic hydrogen density and electron density in the plasma. The effects of total gas density (pressure), power, flow rate, and wall recombination probability were investigated. In the parameter range studied, gas dissociation was enhanced by lowering the total gas density and/or increasing power. Wall recombination did not affect the atom density for values of the recombination probability lower than 2 × 10 −4 . Addition of 1% CH 4 to the hydrogen discharge had only a minor effect on the EEDF. Therefore, results reported here can also be used to calculate the electron-particle reaction rate coefficients in the H 2 CH 4 discharge. The model provides guidelines for controlling H 2 dissociation in plasma chemical vapor deposition reactors used for diamond growth.
Aggregation and foraging behavior of whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae)

Whirligig beetles aggregate in the daytime into dense single-and multispecies groups (‘rafts’) of hundreds or thousands of individuals. On the 22km shoreline of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, these aggregations were on the average 0.8 km apart, and they were usually found day after day in the same ocations.
Comment on "A solution of the solar-neutrino problem"

A Comment on the Letter by J. N. Bahcall and H. A. Bethe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2233 (1990).
FLOX/methane pump-fed engine technology review

FLOX methane propellant rocket engines, describing operating conditions, injectors, thrust chambers fabrication and cooling, engine cycles, turbomachinery, etc
Functional Modeling, Reverse Engineering, and Design Reuse

Experience is a tremendous asset for any designer. To leverage the experience of many designers, a general methodology for case-based functional design is required. Function-based design is a natural foundation for this methodology because its goal is to structure the solution space and support concept generation. Gaining access to experience about how functions combine will help designers to explore more, better design concepts. This experience is gleaned by reverse engineering existing products and storing and indexing the information gained. This work studies the preliminary steps in matching functional information derived from reverse engineering to that generated in the design process. A language of function developed for reverse engineering is tested in the context of design.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere

Abstract The structure of certain axially symmetric circulations in a stably stratified, differentially heated, rotating Boussinesq fluid on a sphere is analyzed. A simple approximate theory [similar to that introduced by Schneider (1977)] is developed for the case in which the fluid is sufficiently inviscid that the poleward flow in the Hadley cell is nearly angular momentum conserving. The theory predicts the width of the Hadley cell, the total poleward heat flux, the latitude of the upper level jet in the zonal wind, and the distribution of surface easterlies and westerlies. Fundamental differences between such nearly inviscid circulations and the more commonly studied viscous axisymmetric flows are emphasized. The theory is checked against numerical solutions to the model equations.
Ultrasmooth Patterned Metals for Plasmonics and Metamaterials

Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves that can exist at metal interfaces because of coupling between light and free electrons. Restricted to travel along the interface, these waves can be channeled, concentrated, or otherwise manipulated by surface patterning. However, because surface roughness and other inhomogeneities have so far limited surface-plasmon propagation in real plasmonic devices, simple high-throughput methods are needed to fabricate high-quality patterned metals. We combined template stripping with precisely patterned silicon substrates to obtain ultrasmooth pure metal films with grooves, bumps, pyramids, ridges, and holes. Measured surface-plasmon-propagation lengths on the resulting surfaces approach theoretical values for perfectly flat films. With the use of our method, we demonstrated structures that exhibit Raman scattering enhancements above 10(7) for sensing applications and multilayer films for optical metamaterials.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of a Rhenium Analogue of the Cationic Renal Agent, Tc-99m Diaminocyclohexane

We report here a chemical study on a Re analogue of one of the few cationic Tc-99m tracers previously investigated as an agent for effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) measurement. Cationic Tc-99m tracers have the potential for overcoming problems associated with common anionic Tc-99m tracers in patients who have developed a uremic state. The Tc-99m-DACH tracer, prepared from 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH), is the only cationic renal agent tested in humans and has seven possible isomers. The complex isolated from the reaction of the racemic mixture, (±)-trans-1,2-DACH, and ReIO2(PPh3)2 after conversion to the BPh4- salt was found by X-ray crystallography to be the meso isomer, trans-[ReO2 (trans-R,R-1,2-DACH)(trans-S,S-l,2-DACH)][BPh4]·MeOH·2H2O (1). The structural parameters for 1 are normal. The complex is highly symmetrical, suggesting that the analogous meso Tc-99m-DACH agent is also symmetrical. Studies of other Tc-99m-DACH agents that were made from cis-1,2-DACH or individual trans-1,2-DACH enantiomers show that the biodistribution is not very dependent on the starting 1,2-DACH ligand stereochemistry; these agents must be less symmetrical than the meso Tc-99m-DACH agent analogue of 1. Thus, the overall charge and lipophilicity (similar for all Tc-99m-DACH isomers) exert a greater influence on biodistribution than the specific structural features of the different Tc-99m-DACH isomers.
Comparative Effects of Verapamil, Nifedipine, and Diltiazem on Contractile Function in the Isolated Immature and Adult Rabbit Heart

Summary: The effects of postnatal development on the systolic and diastolic responses to pharmacologic blockade of the slow inward calcium current were investigated in blood-perfused hearts isolated from immature (14-21-day-old) and adult rabbits. Isovolumic left ventricular developed pressure, resting pressure, and maximal rate of pressure development (+ dP/dt) at cumulative doses of either verapamil, nifedipine, or diltiazem were determined by means of an intracavitary balloon. Myocardial contractile function in the immature heart was more sensitive to pharmacologic blockade of the slow inward calcium current than is the adult heart. Doses of verapamil, or nifedipine, that comparably reduced pretreatment developed pressure and + dP/dt were approximately 10-fold less in immature as compared to the adult heart. The dose of diltiazem which reduced developed pressure and dP/dt by 50% was 3-fold less in immature as compared to the adult heart. Verapamil and nifedipine decreased resting pressure in the adult but not in the immature heart. Conversely, diltiazem decreased resting pressure in the immature while not affecting resting pressure in adult hearts. Thus, postnatal cardiac development affects both the systolic and diastolic responses to calcium channel blockade. In addition, diltiazem appears to be qualitatively and quantitatively different from verapamil and nifedipine with respect to the age-related cardiac effects of calcium channel blockade.
A comparison of two finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics using a North Sea data set

Abstract Using the region of the English Channel and the southern bight of the North Sea, we systematically compare the results of two independent finite element models of tidal hydrodynamics. The model intercomparison provides a means for increasing our understanding of the relevant physical processes in the region in question as well as a means for the evaluation of certain algorithmic procedures of the two models.
Alcohol-induced sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction in the mouse is associated with exacerbated liver apoptosis and can be reversed by caspase inhibition

The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between alcohol-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) dysfunction and alcohol-induced augmented liver apoptosis in the mouse. Mice were fed an alcohol-containing liquid diet for 7 weeks. On the last day of feeding, the animals were treated with the pan-caspase inhibitor IDN1529 (N-[(indole-2-)-alaninyl]-3-amino-4-oxo-fluoropentanoic acid), killed, and plasma amino transferase activity, plasma hyaluronan, liver caspase-3 activity, the frequency of apoptotic nuclei in the liver, liver histology and electron microscopic appearance evaluated. Alcohol feeding significantly increased (2.5-fold) plasma hyaluronan levels, frequency of apoptotic nuclei (20-fold), and caspase-3 activity (1.7-fold), but did not affect plasma amino transferase activity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that SEC was among the cell types undergoing apoptosis. Livers of alcohol-fed mice displayed marked fat accumulation without necrosis or fibrosis. Treatment of mice with IDN1529 reversed the alcohol effects on plasma hyaluronan levels, liver caspase-3 activity, and frequency of apoptotic nuclei. However, the inhibitor did not prevent fat accumulation in the liver. These data suggest that alcohol-induced exacerbation of apoptosis in the liver, which extends to the SEC, causes functional impairment of the sinusoidal lining and can be reversed by caspase inhibition.
NMR relaxation measurements of sucrose in aqueous ethanol solutions

Abstract The molecular motion of sucrose in water/alcohol/sucrose/casein solutions was studied by 13 C-NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements. The results suggest that the conformation of sucrose is unaffected by concentration, temperature, or the presence of alcohol or casein. There is no evidence for the interaction of sucrose with either alcohol or protein. Changes in the hydrodynamic radius of sucrose from relaxation measurement using solution or water viscosities were inconclusive.
Synthesis and spectral study of low dimensional poly-yne polymers containing phthalocyanine silicon and dimethyl silicon in the polymer backbone

Abstract A pseudo-one-dimensional poly-yne polymer (I) in which phthalocyanine silicon (PcSi) moieties are bridged by p -diethynylbenzo groups has been obtained by a salt elimination reaction from dichlorophthalocyaninato silicon and the disodium salt of p -diethynylbenzene in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. A soluble mixture of short chain oligomers of this polymer was also obtained. For parallel study, an analogous low dimensional poly-yne polymer (III) was synthesized by reaction of dimethyldichlorosilicon with the disodium salt of diethynylbenzene in ether solution. Materials I and III were found to be stable in air and have good thermal stability. These two polymers were characterized by spectral and analytical data.
Proteomics Reveal Cochlin Deposits Associated with Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork

The etiology of primary open angle glaucoma, a leading cause of age-related blindness, remains poorly defined, although elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) contributes to the disease progression. To better understand the mechanisms causing elevated IOP from aqueous humor circulation, we pursued proteomic analyses of trabecular meshwork (TM) from glaucoma and age-matched control donors. These analyses demonstrated that Cochlin, a protein associated with deafness disorder DFNA9, is present in glaucomatous but absent in normal TM. Cochlin was also detected in TM from the glaucomatous DBA/2J mouse preceding elevated IOP but found to be absent in three other mouse lines that do not develop elevated IOP. Histochemical analyses revealed co-deposits of Cochlin and mucopolysaccharide in human TM around Schlemm's canal, similar to that observed in the cochlea in DFNA9 deafness. Purified Cochlin was found to aggregate after sheer stress and to induce the aggregation of TM cells in vitro. Age-dependent in vivo increases in Cochlin were observed in glaucomatous TM, concomitant with a decrease in type II collagen, suggesting that Cochlin may disrupt the TM architecture and render components like collagen more susceptible to degradation and collapse. Overall, these observations suggest that Cochlin contributes to elevated IOP in primary open angle glaucoma through altered interactions within the TM extracellular matrix, resulting in cell aggregation, mucopolysaccharide deposition, and significant obstruction of the aqueous humor circulation.
Tissue-specific biosynthesis of ϵ-N-monomethyllysine and ϵ-N-trimethyllysine in skeletal and cardiac muscle myosin: A model for the cell-free study of post-translational amino acid modifications in proteins☆

Abstract As a continuation of the study on post-ribosomal amino acid modifications in myosin, the regulation of tissue-specific biosynthesis of ϵ- N -monomethyllysine and ϵ- N -trimethyllysine was investigated. While ϵ- N -trimethyllysine is a component of both skeletal and cardiac muscle myosins, in certain species the monomethylated amino acids occur only in myosin from skeletal muscle. The methylation of skeletal and cardiac muscle myosin with cardiac or skeletal muscle enzymes was expected to elucidate whether the tissue-specific occurrence of the ϵ- N -monomethyllysine is related to the structure of skeletal and cardiac myosin or to the existence of the methylating enzyme in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. The experimental approach is based on cell-free methylation of lysines at 24 °C, at which temperature the myosin chains remain polysome-bound. The methylated myosin was digested with trypsin and the radioactive methyl group-containing peptides were fractionated with ion-exchange chromatography. The peptide peaks with radioactivity were subjected to amino acid analyses and the radioactive methylated lysine derivatives were identified. ϵ- N -trimethyllysine was found in hydrolysates of all the methylated myosins, and ϵ N -monomethyllysine was also present in both skeletal and cardiac muscle myosin if they were incubated with skeletal muscle supernatant. Thus the experimental results agree with our earlier suggestion (Huszar & Elzinga, 1972) that the lack of a certain methylated amino acid in cardiac muscle myosin is due to the absence of the methylating enzyme rather than to differences in the structure of cardiac versus skeletal myosin. The experimental design developed for this work should be useful to study post-translational modifications in proteins, as well as to investigate muscle and other diseases in which the post-translational processing of proteins contributes to the dys function.
A schematic model for pentaquarks based on diquarks

Abstract QCD instantons are known to produce deeply bound diquarks which may be used as building blocks in the formation of multiquark states, in particular, pentaquarks and dibaryons. We suggest a simple model in which the lowest scalar diquark (and possibly the tensor one) can be treated as an independent “body”, with the same color and (approximately) the mass as a constituent (anti)quark. In this model a new symmetry between states with the same number of “bodies” but different number of quarks appear, in particular, the 3-“body” pentaquarks can be naturally related to decuplet baryons. We estimate both the masses and widths of such states, and then discuss the limitations of this model.
Regulation of Hepatocyte Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase by T3 and Nuclear Receptor Coactivators as a Model of the Sick Euthyroid Syndrome

The syndrome of nonthyroidal illness, also known as the sick euthyroid syndrome, is characterized by a low plasma T3 and an "inappropriately normal" plasma thyrotropin in the absence of intrinsic disease of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The syndrome is due in part to decreased activity of type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5' D-I), the hepatic enzyme that converts thyroxine to T3 and that is induced at the transcriptional level by T3. The hypothesis tested is that cytokines decrease T3 induction of 5' D-I, resulting in decreased T3 production and hence a further decrease in 5' D-I. The proposed mechanism is competition for limiting amounts of nuclear receptor coactivators between the 5' D-I promoter and the promoters of cytokine-induced genes. Using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, we demonstrate that interleukins 1 and 6 inhibit the T3 induction of 5' D-I RNA and enzyme activity. This effect is at the level of transcription and can be partially overcome by exogenous steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). The physical mass of endogenous SRC-1 is not affected by cytokine exposure, and exogenous SRC-1 does not affect 5' D-I in the absence of cytokines. The data support the hypothesis that cytokine-induced competition for limiting amounts of coactivators decreases hepatic 5' D-I expression, contributing to the etiology of the sick euthyroid syndrome.
Validity of the gross motor function measure

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) in children with spastic diplegia. The GMFM is a criterion-referenced evaluative tool designed to quantify change in motor function over time. The GMFM was administered to 37 children with spastic dip
The structures of the branched-chain alk-I-enyl ethers of bovine heart muscle.

Abstract Aldehydes derived from the total plasmalogens of bovine heart muscle were oxidized to fatty acids which were converted to methyl esters. Individual branched-chain isomers were isolated by gas chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry as methyl isohexadecanoate and methyl anteisoheptadecanoate.
Natural convection in rectangular enclosures heated from below and cooled along one side

Abstract Steady natural convection in a square, water-filled enclosure heated from below and cooled on one vertical side is studied analytically and numerically. Expansions for small Rayleigh number are developed to order Ra2. It is found that the first contribution to the convective heat transfer occurs at order Ra2. Asymptotic expressions are found for the temperature and heat transfer near the flux singularity on the enclosure floor. Finite difference numerical simulations indicate that the present condition (heating from below) is quite distinct from the case of cooling from below and heating on one vertical wall. Convective heat transfer is shown to be most significant when slightly less than half of the lower surface is heated.
A new approach for fast indexing of hyperspectral image data for knowledge retrieval and mining

Multispectral sensors produce images with a few relatively broad wavelength bands. Hyperspectral remote sensors, on the other hand, collect image data simultaneously in dozens or hundreds of narrow and adjacent spectral bands. These measurements make it possible to derive a continuous spectrum for each image cell, generating an image cube across multiple spectral components. Hyperspectral imaging has sound applications in a variety of areas such as mineral exploration, hazardous waste remediation, mapping habitat, invasive vegetation, eco system monitoring, hazardous gas detection, mineral detection, soil degradation, and climate change. This image has a strong potential for transforming the imaging paradigms associated with several design and manufacturing processes. In this paper, we describe a novel approach for fast indexing of multi-dimensional hyperspectral image data, especially for data mining applications. The index exploits the spectral and spatial relationships embedded in these image sets. The index will be employed for knowledge retrieval applications that require fast information interpretation approaches. The index can also be deployed in real-time mission-critical domains, as it is shown to exhibit speed with high degrees of dimensionality associated with the data. The strength of this index in terms of degree of false dismissals and false alarms will also be demonstrated. The paper will highlight some common applications of this imaging computational paradigm and will conclude with directions for future improvement and investigation.
Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of human brain glutamate receptors.

Abstract A full-length cDNA clone encoding a glutamate receptor was isolated from a human brain cDNA library, and the gene product was characterized after expression in Xenopus oocytes. Degenerate PCR primers to conserved regions of published rat brain glutamate receptor sequences amplified a 1-kilobase fragment from a human brain cDNA library. This fragment was used as a probe for subsequent hybridization screening. Two clones were isolated that, based on sequence information, code for different receptors: a 3-kilobase clone, HBGR1, contains a full-length glutamate receptor cDNA highly homologous to the rat brain clone GluR1, and a second clone, HBGR2, contains approximately two-thirds of the coding region of a receptor homologous to rat brain clone GluR2. Southern and PCR analysis of a somatic cell-hybrid panel mapped HBGR1 to human chromosome 5q31.3-33.3 and mapped HBGR2 to chromosome 4q25-34.3. Xenopus oocytes injected with in vitro-synthesized HBGR1 cRNA expressed currents activated by glutamate receptor agonists with the following specificity sequence: domoate greater than kainate much greater than quisqualate greater than or equal to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid greater than or equal to L-glutamate much greater than N-methyl-D-aspartate. The kainate-elicited currents were specifically blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione but were insensitive to 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate and kynurenic acid. These results indicate that clone HBGR1 codes for a glutamate receptor of the kainate subtype cognate to members of the glutamate receptor family from rodent brain.
Solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for flow within a 2-D thrust reversing nozzle

Implicit numerical procedures have been developed to solve the Reynold's Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the flowfield within a two-dimensional thrust reversing engine nozzle. The procedures have been tested on four different thrust reverser nozzle geometries with both fixed and moving walls. The results have compared well with available experimental data.
Introduced Articulator Error

Asymmetries in arcon articulators can affect occlusion, depending on articulator adjustment. Ninety articulators were examined and the significance was discussed.
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE DIETARY DESTRUCTION OF N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE (BUTTER YELLOW) AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANEMIA IN RATS

Crude linoleic acid incorporated with or without butter yellow in a synthetic diet proved to be toxic for rats. The toxic effect manifested itself in loss of weight, progressive anemia of the secondary type, leucopenia, and pediculosis. It could be neutralized preventively and therapeutically by administration of yeast. The toxicity of the diet containing linoleic acid appears to be due to oxidative break-down products of the unsaturated fatty acid. The color of the same diet when it contained crude linoleic acid supplemented with butter yellow faded progressively in the presence of air (O2), even at room temperature. Purified preparations of linoleic acid and, to a less degree, purified preparations of arachidonic and oleic acids have shown the same destructive effect on butter yellow in vitro. Brown (unpolished) or white rice contains a stabilizer (antioxidant) for the preservation of butter yellow. In experiments on the production of hepatoma in rats following the ingestion of butter yellow, rice on one hand and crisco or butter fat on the other hand have proved to be procarcinogenic. These results would seem to be correlated with the preservation of butter yellow in the diet and in the intestine, because of the antioxidant in rice and the low supply of unsaturated fatty acids,respectively.
Phase-comparison carrier-current relaying system

SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION 6 years ago, phase-comparison relaying has enjoyed wide acceptance. As originally conceived, its field of application was to be largely for medium-length, 2-terminal overhead lines. The operating experience has been so good that the demand has grown for extending its field of application to longer lines, to 3-terminal lines, and to certain cables. Also, its inherent immunity to the effects of mutual inductance makes its use attractive for ground-fault protection even though it may not be applicable for phase-fault protection. In such cases, there was a need to combine the virtues of phase- and directional-comparison relaying. Modifications now have been made to phase-comparison relaying equipment that will provide these desired extensions of its field of application. See Figure 1.
Preparation of Size-Selective Nanoporous Polymer Networks of Aromatic Rings: Potential Adsorbents for Hydrogen Storage

The preparation of nanoporous size-selective hypercrosslinked polymer networks containing 37−92% of pores small enough for hydrogen adsorption but too small to allow penetration of nitrogen has been studied. Polyaniline and diaminobenzene were coupled with diiodobenzene and tribromobenzene using Ullman and Buchwald synthetic routes. The resulting porous polymer networks consist of aromatic rings linked through a trivalent nitrogen atom. The Buchwald reaction appears to be more effective than the Ullman synthesis for the production of such materials. The use of solvents with higher Hildebrand solubility coefficients during synthesis affords polymers with higher surface areas. The nanoporous polymers possess unusually high initial enthalpies of adsorption of hydrogen reaching values of up to −18 kJ/mol.
Efficient calculation of optimum design sensitivity

Two methods for obtaining the sensitivity of an optimized design to changes in problem parameters are presented. The first-order method uses gradient information to estimate the required sensitivity. The second-order method uses second derivatives of the design objective and constraint functions to provide a quadratic approximation to the new design which results from changing the specified parameter. It is shown that the sensitivity of the optimized design may be discontinuous with respect to the new parameter. This discontinuity is accounted for in the present methods. These methods are compared to a previous approach based on the Kuhn-Tucker necessary conditions for optimality. It is shown that the present methods provide the appropriate sensitivity information in an efficient manner. The methods are demonstrated by a structural synthesis example.
Some small non-embeddable designs

Abstract Examples of non-embeddable 2-(15, 7, 6) and 2-(16, 8, 7) designs are constructed.
Gulf spill update: What should damaged companies do?

A year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf, many of those affected are still trying to recover economic damages caused by the horrific widespread accident. Those damaged include fishermen, property owners, hoteliers, and restaurateurs, just to name a few. And there are many, many thousands of them. Lots of victims have filed lawsuits against BP, Transocean, and Halliburton. There are hundreds of federal cases, representing over 100,000 plaintiffs. Others have filed claims with the BP-sponsored Gulf Coast Claims Facility (GCCF). But what are the best options for businesses damaged by the disaster? This article examines the current status of GCCF payments and litigation. It also explores the advantages and disadvantages of each option. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.