cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocytosis of native and cationized ferritin by intralobular duct cells of the rat parotid gland.

The ability of the intralobular ducts of the rat parotid gland to take up protein from the lumen was examined after retrograde infusion of native and cationized ferritin. At high concentrations (3–10 mg/ml), cells of both intercalated- and striated ducts avidly internalized the tracers. No differences were noted in the mode of uptake or fate of native or cationized ferritin. Large, apical ferritin-containing vacuoles up to 5 μm in size were present in cells of the intercalated ducts after infusion for 15 min. Small, smooth-surfaced spherical or flattened vesicles and tubules containing ferritin were also observed, often in association with the large vacuoles. Ferritin uptake increased with increasing infusion time, up to 1 h. Uptake by the striated ducts was less consistent than by the intercalated ducts, and occurred mainly in small vesicles and tubules. Secondary lysosomes became labeled with ferritin in both cell types. Ferritin was not observed in the Golgi saccules, nor was it discharged from the cells at the basolateral surfaces. At low concentrations (0.3–1 mg/ml), uptake was reduced, especially by cells of intercalated ducts, and differences were noted in the behavior of the two tracers. Cationized ferritin was internalized mainly into vesicles and tubules of cells of striated ducts; little uptake of native ferritin occurred at low concentrations. These results demonstrate that the ductal cells of the salivary glands are capable of luminal endocytosis of foreign proteins. They also suggest that in addition to modifying the primary saliva by electrolyte reabsorption and secretion, and secretion of various glycoproteins, the ductal cells are able to reabsorb proteins secreted by the acinar cells.
Clinical features of arrhythmia aggravation by antiarrhythmic drugs and their implications for basic mechanisms

Although cardiac arrhythmias are major cause of morbidity and mortality, widespread use of antiarrhythmic drugs is not appropriate at this time for two major reasons: (1) There is no evidence that antiarrhythmic drugs alter mortality in the vast majority of patients; further data will be forthcoming from large-scale multicentered clinical trials which are currently underway. (2) Side effect are a prominent feature of therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs. The most striking of these toxicities is apparently paradoxical provocation of, rather than suppression of, cardiac arrhythmias by these agents. Two common clinical entities have been recognized. Therapy with action-potential-prolonging agents, including quinidine, sotalol, and the major active metabolite of procainamide, N-acetyl procainamide, has been associated with the development of a morphologically distinctive polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Torsades de Points, in approximately 5% of patients. Bradycardia and hypokalemia are commonly associated clinical features. In vitro studies indicate that triggered automaticity, in the from of early afterdepolarizations, are responsible for the genesis of Torsades de Pointes. The second common form of arrhythmia aggravation by antiarrhythmic drugs is the development of a marked increase in frequency of sustained ventricular tachycardia events in patients being treated for ventricular tachycardia. Therapy with sodium channel blockers of the “class Ic” subtype, including flecainide and encainide, are most commonly implicated. Since the underlying mechanism for sustained ventricular tachycardia in this patient population is thought to be microreentry, it appears likely that slow conduction due to the “class Ic” properties of the drugs may under appropriate conditions enable rather than block reentrant circuits. A variation on this clinical entity is the increasingly recognized phenomenon of drug-induced impaired ventricular defibrillation. Although this is recognised with agents of the “class Ic” subtype, other sodium channel blockers have also been implicated, while action potential prologation actually appears associated with a decrease in defibrillation energy requirements. These adverse electrophysiologic drug action are not tightly linked to high plasma concentrations; rather, they represent an interplay among drug dose, plasma concentration, and underlying substrate. However, subsets of patients with variant drug metabolism on a genetic on a genetic basis have been identified and, under appropriate circumstances, these may be at increased risk for adverse electrophysiologic drug actions. Thus, intensive study of the clinical features of arrhythmia aggravation by antiarrhythmic drugs and their correlates in the basic laboratory have resulted not only in improved patient care but also in an increased understanding of the fundamental mechanisms responsible, and, potentially, may result in improved method for identifying new and safer antiarrhythmic compounds.
DRAGMA HIPPOMANICUM V: TWO NEW ASTRAGALI FROM INTERMOUNTAIN UNITED STATES

Astragalus (sect.Argophylli subsect.Pseudargophylli)holmgreniorum, from the Virgin valley along the Utah-Arizona border, and A. (sect.Reventi-Arrecti subsect. Orcuttiani)ackermanii, from S Nevada, are described, figured and discussed.
Physicochemical properties of bio-oil and biochar produced by fast pyrolysis of stored single-pass corn stover and cobs

Short harvest window of corn (Zea mays) stover necessitates its storage before utilization; however, there is not enough work towards exploring the fast pyrolysis behavior of stored biomass. This study investigated the yields and the physicochemical properties (proximate and ultimate analyses, higher heating values and acidity) of the fast pyrolysis products obtained from single-pass stover and cobs stored either inside a metal building or anaerobically within plastic wraps. Biomass samples were pyrolyzed in a 183 cm long and 2.1cm inner diameter free-fall fast pyrolysis reactor. Yields of bio-oil, biochar and non-condensable gases from different biomass samples were in the ranges of 45-55, 25-37 and 11-17 wt.%, respectively, with the highest bio-oil yield from the ensiled single-pass stover. Bio-oils generated from ensiled single-pass cobs and ensiled single-pass stover were, respectively, the most and the least acidic with the modified acid numbers of 95.0 and 65.2 mg g(-1), respectively.
A community-based partnership to promote exercise among cancer survivors: lessons learned.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial in partnership with a community-based organization (CBO) to examine the effects of peer mentoring to promote exercise among cancer survivors. At the end of the trial, to prepare for future program implementation on a larger scale, we obtained input from the CBO on the key elements that influenced the decision to collaborate, facilitators and challenges during the trial, and recommendations for program marketing. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with ten stakeholders at various job levels within the CBO. Notes of the interviews were coded, and themes were extracted independently by two study members. Five themes were identified: costs of the partnership, its benefits, importance of communication, match of the trial goals with the CBO’s mission, and achieving a balance between research and job tasks. Techniques to address these themes and improve implementation of the program are described. The themes identified can guide evidence-based programs in planning implementation that involves partnerships with CBOs.
Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu award to Clarence F. Stephens for distinguished service to mathematics

"More than fifty years ago I came to the conclusion that every college student who desired to learn mathematics could do so. I spent my entire professional life believing that this was the case." It is for his outstanding success in converting that belief into reality that the MAA is pleased to present Clarence Francis Stephens the 2003 YuehGin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics. As Chair of the Mathematics Department at the State University of New York at Potsdam from 1969 through 1987, Stephens was the primary architect of the "Potsdam Miracle" that resulted in this small upstate SUNY campus, with a total enrollment of less than 4000 in the middle 1980s, graduating the third largest number of mathematics majors among all U.S. institutions of higher education in each of the years 1985 through 1987. (UCLA ranked first all three years, and Berkeley second one year, with Illinois second the other two.) About a quarter of all the bachelor's degrees given at Potsdam each of those three years went to mathematics majors. This was not accomplished by lowering standards in any sense; the mathematics majors were among the strongest students at the institution, dominating the President's List of high-achieving students during the 1980s and producing seven of the eight valedictorians for the period 1980-87. Nor was it done at an institution with a long mathematics tradition. No student who graduated from SUNY Potsdam between the time of its founding as St. Lawrence Academy in 1816 and the arrival of Stephens in 1969 is known to have gone on to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics, although twelve students who graduated during Stephens's time have done so, half of them women. Though Stephens is perhaps most well-known now for the "Potsdam Miracle" due to the large amount of well-deserved publicity it has received, he was also respon-
Using Power Analyses to Examine Post Hoc Trends in Small Samples

Many of the studies conducted in clinical research use small samples. This is especially true for small group research. These samples may present problems in the statistical analyses, as they reduce or limit the ability of the statistical tests of significance to detect differences between experimental conditions. This problem may befurther exacerbated when effect size is smalL This article discusses the application of a power analysis when such samples are used. The analysis is conducted after the study is completed and provides information concerning the actual power of the tests and important trends in the data that may have reached statistical significance if larger samples had been used
Impact of Seaweed Extract-Based Cytokinins and Zeatin Riboside on Creeping Bentgrass Heat Tolerance

Heat stress is the primary factor limiting summer performance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in many temperate to subtropical regions. Seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins have been used to improve stress tolerance, but their specific effects on creeping bentgrass under supraoptimal temperatures are lacking. This study was designed to determine whether SWE-based cytokinins affect creep-ing bentgrass heat tolerance, and to compare effects of SWE-based cytokinins to those of a trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR)-standard. Concentrations of t-ZR in two SWE sources (referred to as Oce and Aca) were determined. Treatments were applied twice to creeping bentgrass at an equivalent t-ZR concentration of 10 μM. One week after the initial treatment, heat stress was imposed (35/25°C [day/night]) for 42 d. The Oce SWE, Aca SWE, and t-ZR treatments resulted in leaf t-ZR concentrations that were 39, 32, and 28% higher, respectively, relative to the control at 14 d of heat stress. The Oce SWE, Aca SWE, and t-ZR treatments also increased superoxide dismutase activity and alleviated the decline of turfgrass quality, photochemical efficiency, and root viability. Ashed SWE provided results similar to the water control. Beneficial effects of SWE on heat tolerance appear to be associated with their organic, especially cytokinin, components and not the mineral (ashed) fraction. Proper application of SWE-based cytokinins may be an effective approach to improve summer performance of creeping bentgrass.
Evidence that inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is a factor in proteasome inhibitor-mediated apoptosis

The proteasome is emerging as a target for cancer therapy because small molecule inhibitors of its catalytic activity induce apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo models of human malignancies and are proving to have efficacy in early clinical trials. To further elucidate the mechanism of action of these inhibitors, their impact on signaling through the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was studied. Proteasome inhibition with either carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-phenylalaninal or lactacystin led to a loss of dually phosphorylated, activated p44/42 MAPK in A1N4-myc human mammary and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This correlated with an induction of the dual specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKP)-1 and -2, and blockade of MKP induction using either actinomycin D or Ro-31-8220 significantly decreased loss of activated p44/42 MAPK. Inhibition of p44/42 MAPK signaling by use of the MAPK kinase inhibitors PD 98059 or U0126, or by use of a dominant negative MAPK construct, enhanced proteasome inhibitor-mediated apoptosis. Conversely, activation of MAPK by epidermal growth factor, or use of a mutant MAPK resistant to MKP-mediated dephosphorylation, inhibited apoptosis. These studies support a role for inactivation of signaling through the p44/42 MAPK pathway in proteasome inhibitor-mediated apoptosis.
English Proficiency, Knowledge, and Receipt of HPV Vaccine in Vietnamese-American Women

Cervical cancer is one of the most important disease burdens experienced by Vietnamese-American women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent in almost all cases of cervical cancer. We surveyed Vietnamese-American women to determine receipt of HPV vaccine and assessed if limited English proficiency and knowledge related to HPV vaccine were associated with HPV vaccine uptake. Of the 113 Vietnamese-American women who participated in the study, 58 % (n = 68) was born in Vietnam. The mean years of residency in the United States was 12.75 years. Only 16 (14 %) reported receiving HPV vaccine and 11 (9 %) reported receiving all three shots. Thirteen women responded that they are not at all likely to receive HPV vaccine. Of the whole sample, 47 % (n = 53) reported proficiency in spoken and written English. English proficiency was significantly associated with receipt of HPV vaccine (OR = 4.4; confidence interval (95 % CI) = 1.2; 16.50; p = 0.03). Of the knowledge items, 70 % (n = 79) responded correctly that HPV increases the risk for cervical cancer. However, as many as 60 % responded incorrectly, that HPV infection can be cured with medication. The item, “People infected with HPV can be cured with medication,” was the most important variable associated with receipt of HPV vaccine. Specifically, those with correct response were 3.8 times more likely to report receiving the HPV vaccine (OR = 3.8; 95 % CI = 1.1; 13.5; p = 0.04). Important public health needs are the development and evaluation of educational programs on HPV and cervical cancer that are designed for Vietnamese-American women.
Three dimensional kinematics of rapid compensatory eye movements in humans with unilateral vestibular deafferentation

Saccades executed with the head stationary have kinematics conforming to Listing's law (LL), confining the ocular rotational axis to Listing's plane (LP). In unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD), the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which does not obey LL, has at high head acceleration a slow phase that has severely reduced velocity during ipsilesional rotation, and mildly reduced velocity during contralesional rotation. Studying four subjects with chronic UVD using 3D magnetic search coils, we investigated kinematics of stereotypic rapid eye movements that supplement the impaired VOR. We defined LP with the head immobile, and expressed eye and head movements as quaternions in LP coordinates. Subjects underwent transient whole body yaw at peak acceleration 2,800 degrees /s(2) while fixating targets centered, or 20 degrees up or down prior to rotation. The VOR shifted ocular torsion out of LP. Vestibular catch-up saccades (VCUS) occurred with mean latency 90 +/- 44 ms (SD) from ipsilesional rotation onset, maintained initial non-LL torsion so that their quaternion trajectories paralleled LP, and had velocity axes changing by half of eye position. During contralesional rotation, rapid eye movements occurred at mean latency 135 +/- 36 ms that were associated with abrupt decelerations (ADs) of the horizontal slow phase correcting 3D deviations in its velocity axis, with quaternion trajectories not paralleling LP. Rapid eye movements compensating for UVD have two distinct kinematics. VCUS have velocity axis dependence on eye position consistent with LL, so are probably programmed in 2D by neural circuits subserving visual saccades. ADs have kinematics that neither conform to LL nor match the VOR axis, but appear instead programmed in 3D to correct VOR axis errors.
Testing the relation between dispositional optimism and conditioned pain modulation: does ethnicity matter?

Greater dispositional optimism has been related to less severe pain; however, whether optimism is associated with endogenous pain modulation has not yet been examined. The beneficial effects of dispositional optimism often vary according to cultural dynamics. Thus, assessing optimism-pain relationships across different ethnic groups is warranted. This study sought to examine the association between optimism and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and test whether this association differs according to ethnicity. Optimism and CPM were assessed in a sample of healthy, ethnically diverse young adults. CPM was determined by comparing pressure pain thresholds obtained before and during exposure to a cold pressor task. All participants completed a validated measure of dispositional optimism. Greater reported optimism was significantly associated with enhanced CPM, and the strength of this association did not vary according to individuals’ ethnic background. These findings suggest that an optimistic disposition may potentiate endogenous pain inhibition.
Evaluation of a statewide medical home program on children and young adults with asthma

AbstractObjective: Asthma, the most common chronic condition among children, accounts for significant healthcare utilization and impact on quality of life. Care coordination in a medical home is considered standard practice, but has not been rigorously evaluated. Methods: We initiated this pilot study of children/young adults with asthma (n = 967), ages: birth to 24 years, receiving care from a subset of pediatric practices (n = 20) participating in the Pennsylvania Medical Home Initiative, Educating Practices in Community-Integrated Care (92 practices statewide). We hypothesized children and youth with asthma receiving care coordination in the context of a formal medical home program would experience favorable associations with healthcare utilization and quality of life measures. Results: A total of 9240 care coordination encounters for this cohort of children/youth occurred over 100 days. The average length of care coordination encounter was 20.7 minutes. The most common care coordination activity was r...
Assessing Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection

OBJECTIVE To assess adherence to evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in a family medicine residency clinic setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of female patients seen in 2005 at the Mayo Clinic Family Medicine Center in Scottsdale, Ariz, who were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 599.0 (UTI). We assessed documentation rates, use of diagnostic studies, and antibiotic treatments. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns from outpatient urine culture and sensitivity analyses were determined. RESULTS Of 228 patients, 68 (30%) had uncomplicated UTI. Our physicians recorded essential history and examination findings for most patients. Documentation of the risk of sexually transmitted disease differed between residents and attending physicians and was affected by patient age. Urine dipstick and urine culture and sensitivity analyses were ordered in 57 (84%) and 52 (76%) patients, respectively. Eighty percent of patients with positive results on urine dipstick analyses also had urine culture and sensitivity analyses. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) was used as initial therapy in 26 patients (38%). Sixty-one percent of SMX-TMP and ciprofloxacin prescriptions were appropriately provided for 3 days. Escherichia coli was sensitive to SMX-TMP in 33 (94%) of 35 cultures. Treatment was not changed in any patient with an uncomplicated UTI because of results of urine culture and sensitivity analyses. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns for outpatients were significantly different from those for inpatients. CONCLUSION Only 30% of our patients had uncomplicated UTI, making their management within clinical guidelines appropriate. However, of those patients with uncomplicated UTI, less than 25% received empirical treatment as suggested. Urine culture and sensitivity analyses were performed frequently, even in patients who already had positive results on a urine dip-stick analysis. Although SMX-TMP is effective, it is underused. On the basis of these findings, we hope to provide interventions to increase SMX-TMP prescription, decrease use of urine culture and sensitivity analyses, and increase the frequency of 3-day antibiotic treatments at our institution.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Dimeric Platinum Phosphinidene Complex

The dimeric platinum phosphinidene complex [Pt(dppe)(μ-PMes)]2 (1; dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2, Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) was prepared by double deprotonation of [Pt(dppe)(μ-PHMes)]2[BF4]2 (3); use of 1 equiv of base gives the monocationic complex [{Pt(dppe)}2(μ-PHMes)(μ-PMes)][BF4] (2), which can also be made from 1 and 1 equiv of HBF4. NMR data suggest that complex 1 contains pyramidal μ-phosphinidene ligands, and it undergoes nucleophilic reactions typical of a tertiary phosphine. Alkylation with MeI affords [Pt(dppe){μ-P(Me)Mes}]2[BF4]2 (4), BH3·THF gives the borane adduct [Pt(dppe){μ-P(BH3)Mes}]2 (5), and air oxidation yields [Pt(dppe){μ-P(O)Mes}]2 (6). However, reaction with sulfur gives the monomeric trithioxophosphorane complex Pt(dppe)(S3PMes) (7), which was prepared independently from Pt(dppe)(trans-stilbene) and [MesPS2]2.
Consolidated expansions for estimating the response of a randomly driven nonlinear oscillator

We consider a nonlinear oscillator driven by random, Gaussian “noise.” The oscillator, which is damped and has linear and cubic terms in the restoring force, is often called the “Duffing Equation.” The Fourier transform of the response is expanded in a series in the coefficient of the nonlinear term. This series is then squared and averaged, and each term in the resulting response spectrum series is expressed in terms of the response spectrum of the linearized harmonic oscillator (i.e., without the cubic term). Since the forcing function is Gaussian, the linear solution is Gaussian. The terms in the series for the response spectrum are then regrouped so that common quantities can be factored out. This process leads to “consolidated equations” for the response spectrum and the “common factors.” These consolidated equations are truncated in various ways, and the corresponding solutions are compared with an analog computer experiment. This technique was proposed for turbulent flow by Kraichnan and followed up by Wyld, and has yielded some good results. The numerical results indicate that the truncated consolidated equations can provide a substantial improvement over some other methods used to solve this type of problem. The methods compared with it are (1) the traditional truncated parametric expansion, (2) statistical linearization, and (3) use of the joint-normal hypothesis to express the fourth and sixth moments in terms of the second.
Nanoscale morphological changes during hydrolytic degradation and erosion of a bioresorbable polymer

The rate and mechanism of hydrolytic degradation and erosion determine the utility and performance of bioresorbable polymers for tissue-engineering and drug-delivery applications. Nevertheless, changes in polymer morphology at the nanoscale caused by degradation and erosion, particularly those associated with the spatial distribution of water, are not well understood. We exploit recent imaging advances based on spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the cryo-scanning transmission electron microscope to quantitatively map the morphological changes of a degrading and eroding random copolymer of DTE (desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl ester) and PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)). Weight-gain measurements indicate that this polymer contains 12 wt % water after 48 h of immersion in water at 20 °C. After immersion for 5 months, EELS shows that the average water content increases from 11.8 ± 0.8 to 14.9 ± 1.0 wt %, but 15 nm resolution compositional maps do not reveal any morphological changes. Aft...
Early syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a child with burn injury

A 17-month-old boy presented with 10% to 12% first- and second-degree burns secondary to scald injury. He rapidly developed hyponatremia secondary to inapproriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, manifested by the occurrence of seizures. After appropriate therapy was instituted, the child had an uneventful recovery. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this problem has not been reported previously in a child with a relatively mild burn.
Local and global bifurcations in parametrically excited vibrations of nearly square plates

Abstract Non-linear flexural vibrations of nearly square plates subject to parametric in-plane excitations are studied. The theoretical results are based on the analysis of a fourth order system of non-linear ordinary differential equations in normal form derived from the dynamic analog of von Karman equations. The equations represent a system with 1:1 resonance and Z2B + Z2 or broken D4 symmetry. Local bifurcation analysis of these equations shows that the system is capable of extremely complex standing as well as travelling waves. A global bifurcation analysis shows the existence of heteroclinic loops which when they break lead to Smale horseshoes and chaotic behavior on an extremely long time scale.
Machine Learning for Detecting Brute Force Attacks at the Network Level

The tremendous growth in computer network and Internet usage, combined with the growing number of attacks makes network security a topic of serious concern. One of the most prevalent network attacks that can threaten computers connected to the network is brute force attack. In this work we investigate the use of machine learners for detecting brute force attacks (on the SSH protocol) at the network level. We base our approach on applying machine learning algorithms on a newly generated dataset based upon network flow data collected at the network level. Applying detection at the network level makes the detection approach more scalable. It also provides protection for the hosts who do not have their own protection. The new dataset consists of real-world network data collected from a production network. We use four different classifiers to build brute force attack detection models. The use of different classifiers facilitates a relatively comprehensive study on the effectiveness of machine learners in the detection of brute force attack on the SSH protocol at the network level. Empirical results show that the machine learners were quite successful in detecting the brute force attacks with a high detection rate and low false alarms. We also investigate the effectiveness of using ports as features during the learning process. We provide a detailed analysis of how the models built can change as a result of including or excluding port features.
Reduction of femoral artery bleeding post catheterization using a collagen enhanced fibrin sealant.

As the number of cardiac catheterization procedures increases, so do associated complications and costs. This study suggests that the application of a new collagen enhanced fibrin sealant, Collaseal, may be used effectively to achieve rapid hemostasis at the arterial puncture site following femoral artery catheterization. Results in nine dogs anticoagulated with heparin (activated clotting time 396 +/- 107, mean +/- S.D.) revealed a statistically significant reduction in signs of gross bleeding in the sealant-treated groins as compared to control (2 versus 9, P = .0156). These results indicate that this commercially produced sealant might be used in human patients undergoing cardiac catheterization to decrease complications, lengths of stay, and costs.
Adrenergic regulation of the force-frequency effect.

An important interaction between β-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation and the myocardial contractile response to increased heart rate has only recently been identified. The effect of β-AR stimulation to amplify the force-frequency effect is responsible for a large component of the positive inotropic effect of exercise in conscious dogs and also can be demonstrated at rest with dobutamine infusions over a range of paced heart rates. The interaction is apparent across species (dog, pig, mouse, rabbit, man). Amplification of the heart rate effect on myocardial contractility by dobutamine is lost in heart failure, which may play an important role in impaired exercise tolerance in that setting. In syndromes of chronotropic incompetence when adrenergic control is intact, it may be expected that a normal response of myocardial contractility to exercise will be achieved only when the interaction with heart rate is optimized by use of rate-responsive cardiac pacemaker.
Pulmonary function response to EDTA, an additive in nebulized bronchodilators.

Abstract Background: Some nebulized bronchodilator solutions contain additives, such as EDTA, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), or both. Objective: Although BAC-induced bronchoconstriction has been well documented in patients with asthma, there is no information on the effects of EDTA on FEV 1 when inhaled in the amounts that would be administered during emergency department treatment of asthma. Methods: Eighteen subjects with stable asthma and airway responsiveness to methacholine were randomly assigned to inhale up to four 600-μg nebulized doses of EDTA, BAC (positive control), and normal saline (placebo) in a double-blind crossover manner on separate days. FEV 1 was measured 15 minutes after each dose. Treatments were repeated every 20 minutes until FEV 1 decreased by 20% or greater or a maximum of 4 doses were administered. Results: Mean ± SD maximum percent decrease in FEV 1 was 1.8% ± 5.8% after EDTA, 16.6% ± 13.9% after BAC, and 3.6% ± 8.2% after placebo ( P Conclusion: The amount of EDTA contained in maximum recommended doses of nebulized bronchodilators does not induce bronchospasm. In contrast, BAC induces clinically important bronchospasm, which could decrease the efficacy of a bronchodilator during an emergency. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:68-72.)
Synchronous optical pumping of quantum revival beats for atomic magnetometry

We observe quantum beats with periodic revivals due to nonlinear spacing of Zeeman levels in the ground state of potassium atoms, and demonstrate their synchronous optical pumping by double modulation of the pumping light at the Larmor frequency and the revival frequency. We show that synchronous pumping increases the degree of spin polarization by a factor of 4. As a practical example, we explore the application of this double-modulation technique to atomic magnetometers operating in the geomagnetic field range, and find that it can increase the sensitivity and reduce magnetic-field-orientation-dependent measurement errors endemic to alkali-metal magnetometers.
Characterization of the direct-probe open-tubular liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry interface parameters

We report the results of our study of the optimization of these parameters for the direct probe OTLC-MS interface is applicable and the results of our study of the range of compounds for which this interface. For this study we have used flow injection analysis in order to remove any effects of the chromatographic process on the behaviour of the interface
Differentiation of human tumors from nonmalignant tissue by natural‐abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy

High-quality, high-resolution, proton-decoupled natural-abundance 13C NMR spectra have been obtained in vitro at 100.6 MHz from unprocessed human pathology specimens of tumors and adjacent nonneoplastic control tissues from lung, colon, and prostate. In these preliminary studies, specific molecular parameters were identified from the spectra that distinguished neoplastic from nonneoplastic tissue of a given organ in all sites studied. The NMR results were congruent with data derived from histochemical and biochemical examinations of the tissues and with previous studies using non-NMR methods. In particular, a comparison of the spectra of prostatic adenocarcinoma with that of adjacent hyperplastic tissue revealed the following differences: The tumors contained (1) larger amounts of triacylglycerols, (2) smaller amounts of citrate, and (3) acidic mucins. These transformation-associated deviations from the normally high amounts of citrate and low amounts of lipids in the prostate are consistent with an alteration in either the concentration or the activity of ATP-citrate lyase in the tumors. The 13C NMR spectra of colonic adenocarcinoma tissue showed that this tumor type contained (1) smaller signals from triacylglycerols, (2) larger signals from phospholipids and lactate, and (3) decreased lipid fatty acyl chain saturation, when compared to spectra from adjacent normal colon. Colloid carcinoma, another variant of colonic carcinoma, showed prominent 13C resonances from glycoproteins, which were absent from the spectra of normal colon, and from spectra from the more common pattern of colonic adenocarcinoma. Smaller 13C NMR signals from mucins and other proteins, and the presence of triacylglycerol signals distinguished poorly differentiated lung carcinoma and from nonmalignant lung tissue. These results indicate that natural-abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy may constitute a unique, nondestructive method, for the simultaneous measurement of a large number of tissue metabolites and structural components of significance to the study and diagnosis of a wide range of human tumors.
A Multi-Cylinder HCCI Engine Model for Control

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are a promising engine technology due to their low emissions and high efficiencies. Controlling the combustion timing is one of the significant challenges to practical HCCI engine implementations. In a spark-ignited engine, the combustion timing is controlled by the spark timing. In a Diesel engine, the timing of the direct fuel injection controls the combustion timing. HCCI engines lack such direct in-cylinder mechanisms. Many actuation methods for affecting the combustion timing have been proposed. These include intake air heating, variable valve timing, variable compression ratios, and exhaust throttling. On a multi-cylinder engine, the combustion timing may have to be adjusted on each cylinder independently. However, the cylinders are coupled through the intake and exhaust manifolds. For some of the proposed actuation methods, affecting the combustion timing on one cylinder influences the combustion timing of the other cylinders. In order to implement one of these actuation methods on a multi-cylinder engine, the engine controller must account for the cylinder-to-cylinder coupling effects. A multi-cylinder HCCI engine model for use in the control design process is presented. The model is comprehensive enough to capture the cylinder-to-cylinder coupling effects, yet simple enough for the rapid simulations required by the control design process. Although the model could be used for controller synthesis, the model is most useful as a starting point for generating a reduced-order model, or as a plant model for evaluating potential controllers. Specifically, the model includes the dynamics for affecting the combustion timing through exhaust throttling. The model is readily applicable to many of the other actuation methods, such as variable valve timing. Experimental results validating the model are also presented.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
"Demand" and Internal Mammary Artery Implantation

The results with internal mammary artery implantation in the myocardium after chronic, slow constriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery did not differ from the same implantation done with a normal coronary system. Patency rates, flow through the implanted vessel, cineangiographic appearances, and anatomical patterns were the same in both groups. Pulse pressure patterns were variable. We conclude that ischemic demand in this preparation has little to do with final flow rate, anatomical collateral pattern, or patency. The reason for this lack of correlation is still obscure.
Camex: An expert system for selecting cam-follower design parameters

The emergence of expert systems provides new insights for the design of a computerised system for selecting cam-follower design parameters. CAMEX is an expert system for industrial cam-follower mechanism design. Cam-Follower design is similar to most applications for expert systems in design and manufacturing in the sense that it involves not only a wealth of work knowledge but also intensive computation. In other words, the parameter selection process involves much symbolic and numerical computation. How to organise the heuristic rules and design algorithms so as to generate optimum design parameters efficiently is a big challenge. In this paper, the theoretical foundation of CAMEX, an expert system which generates optimum cam-follower design parameters, is discussed. The functional structure and operational procedure of the system are examined in detail.
Co-operative State Research on Poultry Products in the United States

(1969). Co-operative State Research on Poultry Products in the United States. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 15-23.
Evaluating Social Consequences of Erotic Films: An Experimental Approach1

A study is described that provides a methodological model for testing theoretical constructs and investigating pragmatic social problems simultaneously. Behavioral and attitudinal consequences of viewing erotic films are assessed in terms of cathartic, instigational, and social learning formulations. Comparative attitudinal and behavioral changes over a twelve-week period are reported for 51 married couples who viewed erotic films, 17 couples who viewed nonerotic films, and 15 couples who viewed no films. All couples who viewed films completed 84 consecutive daily checklists of sexual and marital behavior. Couples viewing erotic films reported significantly more sexual activity on film viewing nights, and became more tolerant of legal exhibition of erotic films. No group exhibited significant stable changes in sexual behavior, and completing daily checklists appeared to facilitate sexual activity more than viewing erotic films. Results appear most concordant with social learning theory and fail to support the position that viewing erotic films produces harmful social consequences.
Construction workers' perceptions and attitudes toward social norms as predictors of their absence behavior

AbstractBecause construction operations depend on labor activity, absenteeism on a job site can damage project performance in many ways. Traditionally, construction managers have viewed absenteeism as a problem of individuals and have not paid much attention to absenteeism as a group-level phenomenon. As a result, individually focused formal rule enforcement (e.g., issuing a penalty) has been used to reduce absenteeism in construction projects, but this approach often results in the insufficient encouragement of attendance motivation. To better manage workers’ attendance on job sites, another aspect in absenteeism that has recently received attention is behavioral control of workers, including how workers perceive formal and social rules for absence, build attitudes toward these rules, and control their absence behavior accordingly. With this background, the objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workers’ perceptions/attitudes toward formal/social rules and their absence behavi...
A soluble inhibitor of T lymphocyte function induced by HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells: characterization of a cellular protein and its relationship to p15E.

Abstract Soluble suppressor factor (SSF), first described in association with HIV-1 infection in vivo , is a molecule(s) capable of inhibiting T cell-dependent immune reactivity. Its relationship to human immunodeficiency virus was further defined as supernatants of mononuclear cell cultures from HIV-1-seropositive carriers, CD4+ T lymphocytes infected with HIV-1 in vitro , and a T cell hybridoma incorporating CD4+ lymphocytes from an HIV-1-seropositive individual were shown to elaborate factors with similar activity profiles. These factors were recognized antigenically by certain antibodies directed against epitopes of p15E, a transmembrane protein of murine leukemia virus which shares regions of identity with proteins deduced from human endogenous retroviral envelope transcripts as well as HIV. These reagents precipitated a single-chain, nonglycosylated, nonviral protein of molecular weight 57,000 Da from SSF-producing cells. There was no cross-reactivity with antisera recognizing the IL-2R α-chain (CD25) or tumor necrosis factor. This molecule was present in very low levels in PHA-activated T lymphocytes and was upregulated following their infection with HIV-1. Isolation of HIV-linked SSF should permit comparisons with other virion, cellular, and serum inhibitory substances described in AIDS, and perhaps suggest therapeutic strategies.
Technology Development for Fire Safety in Exploration Spacecraft and Habitats

Fire during an exploration mission far from Earth is a particularly critical risk for exploration vehicles and habitats. The Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression (FPDS) project is part of the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) and has the goal to enhance crew health and safety on exploration missions by reducing the likelihood of a fire, or, if one does occur, minimizing the risk to the mission, crew, or system. Within the past year, the FPDS project has been formalized within the ETDP structure and has seen significant progress on its tasks in fire prevention, detection, and suppression. As requirements for Constellation vehicles and, specifically, the CEV have developed, the need for the FPDS technologies has become more apparent and we continue to make strides to infuse them into the Constellation architecture. This paper describes the current structure of the project within the ETDP and summarizes the significant programmatic activities. Major technical accomplishments are identified as are activities planned for FY07.
Surgical techniques in phacoemulsification.

Purpose of review Recent advances in cataract surgical techniques are described, focusing on the evolution towards less traumatic surgery. Recent findings Smaller incisions, split infusion, astigmatic management, and techniques of managing floppy iris syndrome are significant changes in the cataract surgical technique within the last 12-24 months. Summary Surgeons need to learn the new techniques and instrumentation as cataract surgery moves towards less invasive surgery, with smaller incisions, more precise refractive outcomes, and fewer complications.
An ultrastructural study of opaque cytoplasmic inclusions induced by triparanol treatment

The administration of triparanol caused an hypertrophy of smooth membranes and the occurrence of numerous cytoplasmic bodies in smooth muscle fibers and parasympathetic ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the hamster ileum. The hypertrophied membranes were more evident in the early stages of treatment when the cytoplasmic bodies were relatively few in number. The cytoplasmic bodies were tentatively divided into four types as follows: whorls of membranes (type I), labyrinthine aggregates of smooth membranes (type II), dense bodies with a reticular internal structure (type III) and crystalline bodies showing a regular lattice pattern (type IV). There were also many intermediate types of cytoplasmic bodies which exhibited more than one characteristic of the types mentioned above. The relative numbers of the cytoplasmic bodies seemed to be increased in the order of type I (or type II), type III, and type IV in proportion to the period of treatment. It is suggested that type IV cytoplasmic bodies are formed through the stages of type I (or type II) and type III, and that types I, II, and III in turn, form from hypertrophied smooth membranes. The formation of crystalline bodies from hypertrophied membranes may represent the inclusion of cytoplasmic organelles into autophagic vacuoles (lysis). After certain degrees of lysis, more resistant components of the hypertrophied membranes remain as residues. These residues, rich in phospholipids, are probably represented as crystalline bodies.
THE INTERACTION AND RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DATA PREFETCH

A major performance limiter in modern processors is the long latencies caused by data cache misses. Both compiler- and hardware-based prefetching schemes help hide these latencies and so improve performance. Compiler techniques infer memory access patterns through code analysis, and insert appropriate prefetch instructions. Hardware prefetching techniques work independently from the compiler by monitoring an access stream, detecting patterns in this stream and issuing prefetches based on these patterns. This paper looks at the interplay between compiler and hardware architecture-based prefetching techniques. Does either technique make the other one unnecessary? First, compilers' ability to achieve good results without extreme expertise is evaluated by preparing binaries with no prefetch, one-flag prefetch (no tuning), and expertly tuned prefetch. From runs of SPECcpu2006 binaries, we find that expertise avoids minor slowdown in a few benchmarks and provides substantial speedup in others. We compare software schemes to hardware prefetching schemes and our simulations show software alone substantially outperforms hardware alone on about half of a selection of benchmarks. While hardware matches or exceeds software in a few cases, software is better on average. Analysis reveals that in many cases hardware is not prefetching access patterns that it is capable of recognizing, due to some irregularities in the observed miss sequence. Hardware outperforms software on address sequences that the compiler would not guess. In general, while software is better at prefetching individual loads, hardware partly compensates for this by identifying more loads to prefetch. Using the two schemes together provides further benefits, but less than the sum of the contributions of each alone.