cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins in normal skeletal repair.

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins play a key role in the regulation of the three major phases of fracture healing; the inflammatory response, the chondrogenic stage and the osteogenic stage. BMP-2 and 4 show a rapid response during the initial inflammatory stage, and BMP-2 has been shown to be essential for fracture healing to occur. BMP-2 and 4 are also present in the chondrogenic stage, although expression levels of BMP-3b (GDF10) and BMP-6 seemingly have specific peaks at day 7, suggesting a crucial role in this process. BMP-3, 4 and 5 are also abundantly present during this stage. In the osteogenic stage studies have shown that BMPs 1, 2, 3, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8A have high levels of expression. It is important to note that of these, BMP-3 and 4 have a peak in their expression and BMP-7 and 8A are almost exclusively expressed during day 14 and 21. The expression of the different BMPs in these stages is believed to be orchestrated by autoregulatory activation between the BMPs, negative feed back loops and external antagonists. Alterations of the BMP signaling pathway, either by direct targeting of the BMPs or by their inhibitors has been shown to interfere with embryologic skeletal development and a post natal regenerative repair following skeletal trauma.
Somatotopic organization of the external cuneate nucleus in albino rats

Abstract The pattern of representation of muscle receptive fields was delineated in the external cuneate nucleus (EC) of anesthetized, cerebellectomized albino rats. This nucleus was explored systematically using ball-tipped tungsten microelectrodes and closely-spaced electrode punctures. Single neurons were recorded from and the peripheral source and modality of their activating receptive fields were identified using natural stimulation of exposed muscles of the rat's forequarter. Each muscle was stimulated by pulling the tendon, pressure to its belly with fine probes and/or by stretch induced by joint rotation. Of 585 single units recorded from 411 punctures in 31 animals, 243 were localized to EC and were activated by stretch at low threshold or punctate pressure of muscles of the ipsilateral forequarter. All cells definitely localized within EC by histological verification were activated only from receptive fields located in muscle. The musculotopic pattern of organization of peripheral projections within the three-dimensional confines of EC was rather detailed, with neck muscles represented in its rostrolateral pole, arm and shoulder muscles more caudomedially, and forearm and hand muscles progressively more caudally. There was no overlap of representations from muscles located in different anatomical segments. EC units for which receptive field identification was certain were always activated from a single muscle. However, those units whose fields could not be identified precisely may have received convergent activation (or inhibition) from different muscles which our procedures did not allow us to detect. No units in EC were activated from cutaneous receptive fields, nor did we find convergence of activation from cutaneous and muscle receptive fields. EC cells were never activated from receptive fields in the hindlimb or contralateral forelimb.
Effect of surfactant treatment on the formation of bound polymer on titanium dioxide powders

The dispersibility of agglomerates into polymeric media is affected by the interactions between the medium and the particles and between the particles themselves. In this work, we have used the amount of bound polymer as a measure of interfacial interactions between the particles and the medium. Titanium dioxide powders with surfaces modified with silica and/or alumina were analyzed for their interactions with various liquid media by suspending them in different solvents and monitoring dispersion stability for given periods of time. Applying the concept that materials which have cohesive energy densities in close range are compatible, data for the solubility parameters of liquids have been used to characterize the pigment surface. The adsorption of surfactants onto the particle surface will modify its characteristics, and consequently, the interfacial interactions with various media. Determination of the bound polymer in dispersions of different coated titania particles in linear low density poly(ethylene) showed better interactions between the polymer and the filler particles for surfactant treated powders.
Aortic Origin of the Right Pulmonary Artery

ince the original description of this anomaly by Fraentzel in 1868 [5], few cases of aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery have S been reported. Caro, Lermanda, and Lyons [2] attempted the first total surgical correction of this defect in 1957. The first successful total correction was performed by Armer, Shumacker, and Klatte [l] in 1961. In 1965, Redo et al. [8] reviewed 14 cases of this anomaly collected from the literature and reported the second successful total surgical correction. Winship, Beck, and Schrire [ 141 recently reported an unsuccessful attempt at total surgical correction utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass for anastomosis of the right pulmonary artery to the main pulmonary trunk. Other means of surgical management have consisted of ligation of an associated patent ductus arteriosus [4, 113 and ligation of the right pulmonary artery in addition to ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus [7, 10, 121. All of these patients died postoperatively. In three of the four attempts at total surgical correction [l, 2, 81, repair was performed by interposition of a prosthetic graft anterior to the aorta between the end of the right pulmonary artery and the side of the main pulmonary trunk. We have recently operated upon a patient with this anomaly and employed a different technique.
Vibrational relaxation in CBHrClF

Abstract The vibrational dephasing parameters of the υ 1 (CH stretch) and υ 6 (CBr stretch) modes of bromochlorofluoromethane have been measured at various temperatures in the liquid phase. A comparison with CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 2 Br 2 and CH 2 BrCl revealed no trends in either the isotropic second moments or Kubo modulation times. However, the following trend was found for vibrational relaxation times of the symmetric stretching modes in the above and other halomethanes τν(CX 3 ) > τν(CX 2 ) > τν(CX), for X = H, Br or Cl. This pattern, although empirical, may prove useful to estimate vibrational relaxation times in other halogenated methanes
Free energies for association of Cs+ to 18-crown-6 in water. A molecular dynamics study including counter ions

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to obtain free energy profiles, for the association of Cs + to 18-crown-6 in water. This is the first study of cation—crown ether interactions in aqueous solutions that explicitly includes the counter ion. This work also provides the first quantitative measurement of the influence of the counter ion on the Cs + :18-crown-6 complex potential of mean force and the related thermodynamic properties. Our results illustrate the validity of the potential function and the power of the molecular dynamics approach to the study of cation—crown ether interactions in aqueous solutions.
Changes in Ovarian Function and Gonadotropin and Prolactin Secretion in Aging Female Rats

In the female rat, reproductive function is characterized by several interesting features, including (1) estrous cycles and the concomitant changes in neuroendocrine function are repeated at frequent intervals (4–5 days), and (2) reproductive life represents less than one-third of the entire lifespan. Under optimal laboratory conditions, the female rat may have a lifespan of about three years. Puberty occurs around 35–40 days after birth, and regular estrous cycles are usually seen in animals older than 2 months of age. Between the ages of 2–12 months, most adult females display regular estrous cycles of 4- or 5-day duration, and this cyclicity is interrupted by a persistent-diestrous phase when the rat is in gestation, postpartum lactation, or in a pseudopregnant condition.
Electromechanical coupling and design considerations in single-layer MoS2 suspended-channel transistors and resonators

We report on the analysis of electromechanical coupling effects in suspended doubly-clamped single-layer MoS2 structures, and the designs of suspended-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) and vibrating-channel nanoelectromechanical resonators. In DC gating scenario, signal transduction processes including electrostatic actuation, deflection, straining on bandgap, mobility, carrier density and their intricate cross-interactions, have been analyzed considering strain-enhanced mobility (by up to 4 times), to determine the transfer characteristics. In AC gating scenario and resonant operations (using 100 MHz and 1 GHz devices as relevant targets), we demonstrate that the vibrating-channel MoS2 devices can offer enhanced signals (than the zero-bandgap graphene counterparts), thanks to the resonant straining effects on electron transport of the semiconducting channel. We also show dependence of signal intensity and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) on device geometries and scaling effects, with SBR enhancement by a factor of ∼8 for resonance signal, which provide guidelines toward designing future devices with desirable parameters.
Formalism, Behavioral Realism and the Interdisciplinary Challenge in Sociological Theory

In this paper, I argue that recent sociological theory has become increasingly bifurcated into two mutually incompatible styles of theorizing that I label formalist and behavioral-realist. Formalism favors mathematization and proposes an instrumentalist ontology of abstract processes while behavioral-realist theory takes at its basis the "real" physical individual endowed with concrete biological, cognitive and neurophysiological capacities and constraints and attempts to derive the proper conceptualization of social behavior from that basis. Formalism tends to lead toward a conceptually independent sociology that in principle requires only minimal reference to the empirical and ontological storehouse of other disciplines, while behavioral-realist theory leads to an interdisciplinary sociology that can be located within a hierarchy of behavioral sciences, leading to questions regarding the relationship between sociology and other disciplines as well as issues of transdisciplinary unification and possible interdisciplinary reduction. I explore the consequences of this split for the project of explanatory sociological theory within the context of how it has manifested itself in sociological network theory and social psychology. I close with a critique and assessment of formalist tendencies in sociological theorizing.
Stress hormone receptors change as range expansion progresses in house sparrows

As ranges expand, individuals encounter different environments at the periphery than at the centre of the range. Previously, we have shown that glucocorticoids (GCs) vary with range expansion: individuals at the range edge release more GCs in response to restraint. Here, we measured hippocampal mRNA expression of GC receptors (mineralocorticoid, MR and glucocorticoid, GR) in eight house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) populations varying in age. We found that individuals closest to the range edge had the lowest expression of MR relative to GR; in all likelihood, this relationship was driven by a marginal reduction of MR mRNA at the range edge. Reduced MR (relative to GR) might allow enhanced GC binding to GR, the lower affinity receptor that would enhance a rapid physiological and behavioural response to stressors. The insights gained from this study are not only enlightening to introduced species, but may also predict how certain species will react as their ranges shift owing to anthropogenic changes.
The representer method for state and parameter estimation in single-phase Darcy flow

The objective of this paper is to study the representer method for the inverse problem of combined parameter and state estimation in single-phase Darcy flow in porous media. A variational formulation is posed for the generalized inverse problem in the sense of weighted least-squares. An iterative representer-based algorithm is derived to approximate the Euler–Lagrange equations. It is proved that the linearized problem can be solved exactly by an extension of the representer method which inherits the same well-known properties of this technique. Implementation of the numerical algorithm for synthetic numerical experiments shows improved estimates of the poorly known prior guess. � 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Life of Rudolf Nissen: Advancing Surgery Through Science and Principle

Rudolf Nissen (1896-1981) was a surgeon whose career began in Germany during the first third of the 20th century, a period of rapid progress in biomedical technology, during which neurosurgery, anesthesiology, and other specialties emerged. A protege and later close colleague of thoracic surgery pioneer Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875-1951), Nissen resigned from the Berlin Charite Clinic and left Germany in 1933, in response to the rise of Nazi fascism. Throughout his subsequent career in Istanbul, Turkey, the American cities of Boston and New York, and finally Basel, Switzerland, Nissen developed innovative surgical techniques, advocated for patient-centered medical education, and promoted surgical subspecialization. A lifelong proponent of clear scientific writing, Nissen expressed, in extensively published work, his philosophy that progress in surgery depends critically on rigorously applying the scientific method, upholding professional integrity, and respecting human dignity.
Insulin regulates aging and oxidative stress in Anopheles stephensi

Observations from nematodes to mammals indicate that insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) regulates lifespan. As in other organisms, IIS is conserved in mosquitoes and signaling occurs in multiple tissues. During bloodfeeding, mosquitoes ingest human insulin. This simple observation suggested that exogenous insulin could mimic the endogenous hormonal control of aging in mosquitoes, providing a new model to examine this phenomenon at the organismal and cellular levels. To this end, female Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were maintained on diets containing human insulin provided daily in sucrose or three times weekly by artificial bloodmeal. Regardless of delivery route, mosquitoes provided with insulin at 1.7 x 10(-4) and 1.7 x 10(-3) micromol l(-1), doses 0.3-fold and 3.0-fold higher than non-fasting blood levels, died at a faster rate than controls. In mammals, IIS induces the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and downregulates antioxidants, events that increase oxidative stress and that have been associated with reduced lifespan. Insulin treatment of mosquito cells in vitro induced hydrogen peroxide synthesis while dietary supplementation reduced total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and manganese SOD activity relative to controls. The effects of insulin on mortality were reversed when diets were supplemented with manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), a cell-permeable SOD mimetic agent, suggesting that insulin-induced mortality was due to oxidative stress. In addition, dietary insulin activated Akt/protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the mosquito midgut, suggesting that, as observed in Caenorhabditis elegans, the midgut may act as a 'signaling center' for mosquito aging.
Management of small, high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma.

A 43 year old woman with a 2 cm mass in her medial left thigh "rst noted after a sports-related injury. After a month with no resolution, she presented to her family practice physician. Routine blood work and radiographs were unrevealing, and a FNA was non-diagnostic. After observation for an additional month, the mass appeared to increase in size and she was referred to MSKCC for consultation. Examination revealed a "rm but mobile 2.5 cm mass in the medial aspect of her left thigh. Excisional biopsy was performed with a 2 cm margin of normal tissue. Pathology revealed a high-grade malignant "brous histiocytoma with negative microscopic margins. No adjuvant therapy was prescribed, and she was placed on a long-term follow-up schedule.
Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed Matter Physics: An Introduction

The fundamental role played by computer simulation studies in many areas of condensed matter physics is now well accepted. The “status report” on this topic contained in this volume is the result of presentations and discussion that took place during the 16th Annual Workshop at the Center for Simulational Physics. The texts of both longer, invited presentations as well as a number of contributed papers are included. The reader will find that the scope of simulational/computational studies is broad and that substantial potential for cross-fertilization of methods between different sub-fields exists.
CORRELATES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LIVER MICROSOMAL SUSPENSIONS.

Abstract Incubation in hypotonic media of suspensions of microsomes from rat liver led to spontaneous decreases in turbidity that were accompanied by a gain in water content and a loss in sedimentable protein. The addition of ATP, EDTA, or p -CMB caused a rapid drop in turbidity of such suspensions, unaccompanied by further significant changes in water or protein content; after the addition of ATP or EDTA the changes in turbidity were correlated with a large decrease in sedimentable RNA. These phenomena were modified by pH and various solutes, but were largely unaffected by metabolic inhibitors or cofactors.
Assessing the Twenty-First-Century Shift in ENSO Variability in Terms of the Bjerknes Stability Index*

AbstractA decadal change in the character of ENSO was observed around year 2000 toward weaker-amplitude, higher-frequency events with an increased occurrence of central Pacific El Ninos. Here these changes are assessed in terms of the Bjerknes stability index (BJ index), which is a measure of the growth rate of ENSO-related SST anomalies. The individual terms of the index are calculated from ocean reanalysis products separately for the time periods 1980–99 and 2000–10. The spread between the products is large, but they show a robust weakening of the thermocline feedback due to a reduced thermocline slope response to anomalous zonal wind stress as well as a weakened wind stress response to eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. These changes are consistent with changes in the background state of the tropical Pacific: cooler mean SST in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific results in reduced convection there together with a westward shift in the ascending branch of the Walker circulation. This shif...
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases Across the Life Span

Chronic diseases of the pulmonary system affect both children and adults and can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. They may affect multiple aspects of functioning from time spent in treatment activities, physical limitations, emotional/behavioral functioning, and overall quality of life. As pulmonary disorders are prevalent conditions, clinicians working in health care settings need to develop an understanding of the major conditions and their associated challenges. This chapter will review three predominant, chronic pulmonary disorders that affect individuals across the life span: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. A review of the physiological/medical factors, relevant psychological and social factors, and evidence-based assessment and treatment strategies will be presented for each condition.
Self-Sufficiency, Cotton, and Economic Development in the South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860

The expansion of short-staple cotton production into the southern backcountry during the nineteenth century opened opportunities for backcountry planters and yeomen alike. But contrary to the claims made by agricultural reformers, South Carolina upcountry farmers did not neglect the production of foodstuffs. The Upcountry as a whole was self-sufficient in foodstuffs though a significant minority of farms failed to achieve self-sufficiency. Thus a limited local market in foodstuffs developed, but it did little to stimulate the development of towns in the region. R ECENTLY historians, developmental economists, sociologists, and anthropologists have devoted considerable attention to the expansion of commercial agriculture into regions previously isolated from large-scale, market-oriented production. Most of the published studies have shown a special interest in the response of subsistence farmers to market possibilities. In particular, the impact of a strong staple orientation on the production of basic foodstuffs and on the pace of local commerce and town development has been identified as crucial to understanding how the expansion of staple agriculture affects prospects for long-term economic growth. Few regions were transformed more rapidly than the American South during the first half of the nineteenth century. After the British textile revolution and the invention of the cotton gin, the South quickly emerged as the world's largest supplier of short-staple cotton.' Moreover, the rapid expansion of staple agriculture across the South prompted the equally rapid spread of black slavery which influenced the internal development of market relationships in the South. My note examines the expansion of staple agriculture in the South Carolina Upcountry and focuses on how emphasis on cotton production affected the area's self-sufficiency in foodstuffs.2 The South Carolina Upcountry played an integral, perhaps even dominant, role in the first short-staple cotton boom of the early
Pyroelectric Microsensors by Sol-Gel Derived PbTiO3 and La-PbTiO3 Thin Films

Ferroelectric PbTiO3 and Lanthanum-modified PbTiO3 thin films have been deposited on different substrate surfaces by sol-gel processing. The ferroelectric, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties and their temperature dependences have been investigated. The sol-gel derived thin films were integrated onto a membrane structure fabricated by solid-state surface-micromachining technology. The performance of the resultant devices have been tested as an uncooled infrared detector. The high voltage responsivity and short rise time are attributed to the combination of the pyroelectric film, the underlying polycrystalline silicon layer, and the thermal design of the composite structure. The addition of Lanthanum with a molecular fraction of 3% and 5% has resulted in a lower dielectric loss and a reduced thermal noise.
A case study of use of data for participatory evaluation within a statewide system to prevent substance abuse.

1Although evaluation is considered an essential component of community health initiatives, its function requires actual use of the data to inform practice. The purpose of this case study was to examine how often and in what ways practitioners in a state system for substance abuse prevention used participatory evaluation data. To assess uses of data, interviews and surveys (N = 13) were conducted with practitioners. Questions focused on the frequency of use for several functions of evaluation data. Results showed that 77% of participants reported using their data within the past 30 days to review progress of the initiative, and 64% had used the data to communicate successes or needed improvement to staff. Fewer participants indicated they had used the data to communicate accomplishments to stakeholders (54%) or to make adjustments to plans (38%). This study suggests that participatory evaluation data can have multiple functions and uses for community health practitioners.
Quantum theory of dynamic magnetoresistance

Abstract The connected-diagram expansion method is applied in the evaluation of the dynamic conductivity of an electron-impurity system subjected to a constant magnetic field B. This method treats the two cases, B ≠ 0 and B = 0, on the same footing such that the differences appear at the final stage of calculation. A clear physical picture is sustained throughout because no extraneous arguments about the splitting of a density operator into diagonal and non-diagonal parts in freeelectron states, which appeared in most of the past literatures, are used. A transport equation in the limits of low impurity density ns, and small coupling λ is given explicitly. This equation is meant to describe the dynamic conductivity at an arbitrary frequency ω of an applied electric field and at an arbitrary magnitude of B. It reduces to the transport equation of Argyres in the limit of zero frequency and to that of Yamada-Ron in the limit of zero field. The conductivity in the limits of large ω large B, smallns and small λ, is calculated explicitly. The limiting forms of the new expressions are in agreement with the result of Titeica (B ≠0, ω = 0) and with that of Yamada-Ron (B = 0, ω ≠ 0). The expression explicitly indicates that the dynamical response can be no longer interpreted in terms of scattering cross section. The conductivity of an electron-phonon system is discussed briefly.
Domain-overriding and digital filtering for 3-D FDTD subgridded simulations

We report on an extension of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) subgridding (SG) algorithms incorporating digital filters and domain-overriding to three-dimensional (3-D) simulations and to problems involving materials traversing the SG interfaces. We show that significant improvements in accuracy can be obtained for these cases as well
Reducing interference between multiple structured light depth sensors using motion

We present a method for reducing interference between multiple structured light-based depth sensors operating in the same spectrum with rigidly attached projectors and cameras. A small amount of motion is applied to a subset of the sensors so that each unit sees its own projected pattern sharply, but sees a blurred version of the patterns of other units. If high spacial frequency patterns are used, each sensor sees its own pattern with higher contrast than the patterns of other units, resulting in simplified pattern disambiguation. An analysis of this method is presented for a group of commodity Microsoft Kinect color-plus-depth sensors with overlapping views. We demonstrate that applying a small vibration with a simple motor to a subset of the Kinect sensors results in reduced interference, as manifested as holes and noise in the depth maps. Using an array of six Kinects, our system reduced interference-related missing data from from 16.6% to 1.4% of the total pixels. Another experiment with three Kinects showed an 82.2% percent reduction in the measurement error introduced by interference. A side-effect is blurring in the color images of the moving units, which is mitigated with post-processing. We believe our technique will allow inexpensive commodity depth sensors to form the basis of dense large-scale capture systems.
Month-to-Month Variability of the Atlantic Tropical Circulation and Its Relationship to Tropical Storm Formation

Abstract Monthly mean winds have been derived from 200 mb and Analysis of the Tropical Oceanic Lower Layer (ATOLL) winds over the southern North Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and eastern Pacific during the hurricane seasons (June-November) of 1975 through 1985. After removal of the seasonal cycle, the winds are expressed in terms of empirical orthogonal functions. The dominant mode of variability for the combined 200 mb/ATOLL circulation strongly resembles part of a Walker cell confined near the equator. This mode is strongly correlated with El Nin index (Weare, 1986), and is associated with the.El Nin/Southern Oscillation. A positive (El Nin-like) index tends to be associated with more anticyclonic vorticity at the ATOLL level in the tropics and increases in the vertical shear between about 10° and 30°N. This circulation is unfavorable for tropical storm formation. Correlations are derived between the monthly mean winds and monthly tropical storm frequency in the Atlantic basin. Contemporaneous cor...
The Effect of Feed Restriction on Plasma Ghrelin, Growth Hormone, Insulin, and Glucose Tolerance in Pigs

Twelve crossbred barrows (82.1 ± 1.1 kg BW) were assigned randomly to 2 diets to characterize ghrelin concentration and the metabolic profile of pigs undergoing dietary restriction. Pigs in one treatment group were allowed unrestricted access to feed (FF), whereas pigs in the other treatment group (RES) were fed 50% of the quantity of feed per unit of BW given to FF pigs. Animals in both treatments were fed daily (1 meal) beginning at 0900 h. Plasma samples were obtained twice weekly for 7 consecutive weeks to evaluate concentrations of ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), glucose, and insulin. Within each week, blood samples were taken before and 1.5 h after feeding. Three barrows in each dietary treatment were selected randomly for a glucose tolerance test before and after treatments were applied. The RES treatment decreased ADG and was associated with increased GH and decreased insulin concentrations. Glucose and insulin concentrations were decreased during fasting compared with concentrations 1.5 h after feeding. Results of the glucose tolerance test demonstrated increased glucose clearance rate, decreased glucose half-life, and decreased area under the curve in RES vs. FF pigs, reflecting the inability of FF animals to dispose of a test dose of glucose with the same efficiency as RES pigs. Restricting feed intake significantly altered glucose clearance rate, increased circulating concentrations of GH, and decreased insulin concentrations. Although restriction did not significantly affect plasma ghrelin, preprandial concentrations of ghrelin were increased compared with concentrations 1.5 h after feeding.
Corruption in Russia: Past, Present, and Future

Corruption in Russia has penetrated the political, economic, judicial, and social systems so thoroughly that has ceased to be a deviation from the norm and has become the norm itself. By pursuing poorly thought-out actions during its transition to a market economy, the state became a generator of crime; in other words, the authorities became criminal-based institutions generating asocial behavior. Nearly every other individual (60%) admitted giving gifts and money to doctors, surgeons, nurses, and school teachers. Almost each third Russian driver (28%) has bribed the State Automobile Inspection official (GAI).
Vitamin D Status Predicts Rates of Cognitive Decline in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort of Older Adults

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with cognitive decline and risk of dementia. We assessed associations between VitD and cognitive decline in an ethnically diverse cohort of older adults (N...
Choriocarcinoma: A report of the 5 or more years' survival from the Albert Mathieu Chorionepithelioma Registry

Summary Twenty-one of the 147 patie nts with choriocarcinoma registered in the Albert Mathieu Chorionepithelioma Registry have survived without evidence of disease for 5 or more yeaars. It was believed that a complete study and evaluation of the diagnosis in each of the 21 a s should he mad since the diagnosis of choriocarinoma is often qu es tioned, especially in long-term survivals. The study leads to the firm conlusion that the diagnosis of horiocar inoma was reliably stablished in each case.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes of chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

4036 Background: Two-thirds of all pancreatic cancer patients have radiographically detectable metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Most of the remaining patients have locally advanced, unr...
By the Rivers of Babylon: The Lowcountry Basket in Slavery and Freedom

This chapter traces the evolution of coiled basketry from its arrival in Carolina, most likely with the first shiploads of African captives, through the twentieth century, when it became the region’s emblematic folk art. In the crucible of slavery, basket-making traditions from many places across Africa were forged into a single creole style. Rice winnowing baskets, called “fanners,” were commonly made from bulrush sewn with thin splints of white oak or with strips peeled from the stem of the saw palmetto. Essential to the processing of Carolina’s staple crop, these hand tools were mass produced by enslaved Africans beginning at least as early as 1690. Once established in South Carolina, the African-American tradition of Lowcountry basketry spread to Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and even Bermuda and the Caicos Islands, as planters moved to new territories with their seasoned rice hands.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THE LINK OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PATIENTS AFTER SUPERIOR CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME AFTER FONTAN

In multiple studies across disease states and age ranges, cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been linked to neurodevelopmental outcome (ND). The correlation between the two in patients with single ventricle has not been proven. 7 pts underwent cardiac magnetic resonance to determine CBF and CBF response
Mechanical circulatory support: a clinical reality.

Mechanical circulatory support is becoming an alternative therapeutic option for patients in cardiogenic shock or advanced cardiac failure who cannot be improved by maximal medical therapy. More than 30 years of engineering development and clinical research have led to a level of efficacy and reliability of ventricular assist devices, which allows promotion of this approach for the most difficult patients. Uses include a gaining-time strategy as a bridge to cardiac transplantation or recovery of native cardiac function, as well as permanent support with the device. The large variety of devices permits every cardiac surgical unit, even those not used to cardiac transplantation, to propose this option to the patient. Recent experience with small silent implantable pumps suggests that the pioneering period of mechanical circulatory support is probably over, and the time has come for precise prospective trials to optimize both patient selection and the timing for utilization. In countries where cardiac transp...
Practice Management Strategies Among Current Members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons

Abstract Background A survey was conducted at the 2015 annual meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) to determine current practice management patterns among AAHKS members. Methods A survey was conducted by the session moderator during the annual AAHKS meeting using an audience response system. A series of practice management issues were reviewed with AAHKS members. The survey contained multiple choice and yes and no questions. The audience responses were collected in a central database and then immediately displayed for the audience to review. Results The survey responses provided interesting data on a variety of topics including: surgeon demographics, surgical activity, practice status, use of physician extenders, sources of ancillary income, the use of electronic medical records and surgeon satisfaction. Interestingly, 51% of AAHKS members remain in private practice and fee for service remains the most common form of compensation (48%). The vast majority of AAHKS members do not perform hip arthroscopy (86%) or hip preservation procedures (87%). Conclusion Valuable information regarding practice patterns of AAHKS members was obtained from this survey. Future surveys will need to focus on 3 areas of activity: surgeon involvement in bundled payment programs frequency of submission of patient data to a joint registry and the frequency of outpatient total joint arthroplasty.
The TOR signaling pathway regulates starvation-induced pseudouridylation of yeast U2 snRNA

Pseudouridine (Ψ) has been identified in various types of RNAs, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, and many other noncoding RNAs. We have previously shown that RNA pseudouridylation, like DNA and protein modifications, can be induced by stress. For instance, growing yeast cells to saturation induces the formation of Ψ93 in U2 snRNA. Here, we further investigate this inducible RNA modification. We show that switching yeast cells from nutrient-rich medium to different nutrient-deprived media (including water) results in the formation of Ψ93 in U2 snRNA. Using gene deletion/conditional depletion as well as rapamycin treatment, we further show that the TOR signaling pathway, which controls cell entry into stationary phase, regulates Ψ93 formation. The RAS/cAMP signaling pathway, which parallels the TOR pathway, plays no role in this inducible modification.
First Class: Pioneering Students at San José State University's School of Library and Information Science, 1928-1940

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/slissrj Part of the Library and Information Science Commons, United States History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Acknowledgements The author thanks Lisa Blank for providing the initial idea for this article. Inspiration was drawn from Dr. Blank’s 2013 master’s thesis that studied the lives and work of students in Redondo Beach Public Library’s training program.
Abstract 99: Beta-Blocker Monotherapy is Inferior to Treatment with Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker or Combined Therapy after Hospital Discharge among Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Introduction AHA/ACC guidelines recommend combination therapy with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) and a beta-blocker (BB) at discharge for patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, there is little information available to compare outcomes associated with these three treatment options at discharge, and the optimal monotherapy with either an ACEI/ARB or BB for patients who cannot tolerate combination therapy is unknown. Hypothesis We hypothesized that: 1) patients receiving ACEI/ARB or BB monotherapy would have higher rates of mortality and HF re-hospitalization than patients receiving combination therapy; and 2) patients receiving ACEI/ARB monotherapy would experience similar rates of mortality and lower rates of HF re-hospitalization when compared with patients receiving BB monotherapy. Methods We studied 21,849 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% hospitalized for HF at 144 VA hospitals nationwide and who were assessed for HF quality measures between 2003 and 2007. Patients who received any of the three therapies (n=19,303) were 1:1:1 propensity score matched. We evaluated the association between treatment at hospital discharge and outcomes using the Kaplan-Meier method, pair-wise log-rank tests to test for significant differences in event-free survival, and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Among 4,995 patients in our matched sample, BB monotherapy at discharge was associated with increased 30-day mortality compared with ACEI/ARB monotherapy (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.29; log-rank P=0.009), which was not observed at six months (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.27; log-rank P=1.00). BB monotherapy at discharge was associated with increased mortality risk when compared with combination therapy at 30 days (HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.36; log-rank P=0.009) and at six months (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.52; log-rank P=0.030). No significant differences in mortality between patients receiving ACEI/ARB monotherapy and combination therapy were observed. No significant association between HF therapy at discharge and risk of HF re-hospitalization was found. Conclusions In this cohort of veterans hospitalized with decompensated HF and reduced ejection fraction, receipt of BB monotherapy at hospital discharge was associated with an elevated risk of mortality when compared with ACEI/ARB monotherapy and combination therapy. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Refinement-Based Similarity Measures for Directed Labeled Graphs

This paper presents a collection of similarity measures based on refinement operators for directed labeled graphs (DLGs). We build upon previous work on refinement operators for other representation formalisms such as feature terms and description logics. Specifically, we present refinement operators for DLGs, which enable the adaptation of three similarity measures to DLGs: the anti-unification-based, \(S_{\lambda }\), the property-based, \(S_{\pi }\), and the weighted property-based, \(S_{w\pi }\), similarities. We evaluate the resulting measures empirically comparing them to existing similarity measures for structured data.
Influence of processing and orientation print effects on the mechanical and thermal behavior of 3D-Printed ULTEM® 9085 Material

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the print orientation effects on the macrostructure, the mechanical and thermal properties, and the strain field behavior of ULTEM® 9085 using a Stratasys Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 400 Printer. The tensile strength, failure strain, Poisson’s ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus were all shown to vary significantly depending on the build orientation of identical dogbones. FDM parts ranged in strength from 46 to 85% of strengths attainable from comparable injection-molded parts. The coefficient of variation (CV) increased from 2 to 13% as the primary layer orientation deviated from the primary load direction. CAT scan and SEM were employed to relate the corresponding macrostructure to the mechanical response of the material along the parts’ 3-primary directions, using digital image correlation (DIC). The fracture surfaces of these parts further suggest that 3D FDM materials behave more like laminated composite structures than isotropic cast resins and therefore design allowables should reflect actual part build configurations.
Differential diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common clinical condition, occuring in as much as 5% of the population [1, 2]. Although it is quite common, he different diagnosis can be quite complex. this is because the diagnostic criteria of carpal tunnel sysndrome are, to some extent, subjective.
STRESS, GENES, AND GENERALIZABILITY ACROSS GENDER: EFFECTS OF MAOA AND STRESS SENSITIVITY ON CRIME AND DELINQUENCY*

In the current study, we extend the gene-by-environment interaction (cGxE) literature by examining how a widely studied polymorphism, the MAOA upstream variable number tandem repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) interacts with distal and proximal stressors to explain variation in crime and delinquency. Prior research findings have revealed that MAOA-uVNTR interacts with single indicators of environmental adversity to explain criminal behavior in general-population and incarcerated samples. Nevertheless, the genetically moderated stress sensitivity hypothesis suggests that increased risk for criminal behavior associated with variation in the MAOA-uVNTR can be best understood in the context of both distal stress during childhood and proximal stress in adulthood. Therefore, we employed Tobit regression analyses to examine a gene–distal–proximal environment (CGxExE) interaction across gender in a sample of university students (n = 267) and with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 1,294). The results across both sets of analyses demonstrate that variation in the MAOA-uVNTR interacts with distal and proximal stress to lead to increased risk for criminal behavior in males. Although proximal life stress is associated with an increase in crime and delinquency, this effect is more pronounced among MAOA-L allele carriers that have experienced distal stress.
Minimally Invasive Lateral Interbody Technique for the Treatment of Lumbar Adjacent Segment Disease

Adjacent segment disease can be a clinically significant complication following lumbar spinal arthrodesis. This disease is traditionally addressed surgically via a posterior approach, which can be associated with significant morbidity and complication. In recent years, the minimally invasive lateral approach has evolved as an effective surgical option for arthrodesis in the lumbar spine. We detail our use of this approach as an alternative treatment for adjacent segment disease, as it allows for placement of a large interbody graft and indirect decompression of the adjacent segment.
Sexual orientation measurement and chronic disease disparities: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2014.

Abstract Purpose To examine chronic disease disparities by sexual orientation measurement among sexual minorities. Methods We pooled data from the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine differences in chronic disease prevalence between heterosexual and sexual minority people as defined by sexual identity, lifetime sexual behavior, 12-month sexual behavior, and concordance of lifetime sexual behavior and sexual identity. Results Self-identified lesbian women reported greater odds of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.19; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.37–7.47) and chronic bronchitis (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.21–5.72) than self-identified heterosexual women. Self-identified sexual minority women with a history of same-sex sexual behavior reported greater odds of arthritis (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.02–2.74). Compared with heterosexual men, gay men reported greater odds of chronic bronchitis when sexual orientation was defined by sexual identity (aOR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.90–11.56) or 12-month sexual behavior (aOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.27–8.20), as did bisexual men defined by lifetime sexual behavior (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.14–4.89). Bisexual men reported greater odds of asthma when measured by lifetime sexual behavior (aOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.12–3.19), as did self-identified heterosexual men with a history of same-sex sexual behavior (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.10–4.46). Conclusions How we define sexual orientation influences our understanding of chronic disease prevalence. Capturing subgroups of sexual minority people in health surveillance is essential for identifying groups most at risk and developing targeted interventions to reduce chronic disease disparities.
OPTIMAL INVESTMENT AND FINANCING PATTERNS UNDER ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF REGULATION

Publisher Summary The consideration of the intertemporal interdependencies of economic decisions has recently come to play an increasingly important role in the economic literature. One area where an intertemporal structure is especially important is in constructing a generalized model of firm valuation, financing, and investment. This chapter explains how to construct such a model for a firm subject to regulation. Both the case are examined where the regulatory constraint is continuously enforced and the case where there is a regulatory lag. The framework adopted is that of a dynamic set of continuous time activities. The differences in the optimum time path of the variables are examined for the unregulated firm, the firm where the regulatory constraint is continuously enforced, and the firm with a lag in the enforcement of the constraint. The chapter discusses the effect of the differences on the efficiency of the allocation of resources.
Reassessing B cell contributions in multiple sclerosis

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate-adaptive interface and their potential to modulate the responses of other immune cells such as T cells and myeloid cells. These B cell functions can have both pathogenic and protective effects in the context of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Here, we review recent advances in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS), which has traditionally been viewed as primarily a T cell-mediated disease, and we consider antibody-dependent and, particularly, emerging antibody-independent functions of B cells that may be relevant in both the peripheral and CNS disease compartments.