cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Craniometric variation and ancestry estimation in two contemporary Caribbean populations.

Abstract Ancestry estimation of skeletonized remains by forensic anthropologists is conducted through comparative means, and a lack of population-specific data results in possible misclassifications. This is especially germane to individuals of Latin American ancestry. Generally, each country in Latin America can trace their ancestral lineage through three main parental groups: Indigenous, European, and African. However, grouping all Latin American individuals under the broad “Hispanic” category ignores the specific genetic contributions from each parental group, which is variable and dependent on the population histories and sociocultural dynamics of each country. This study analyzes the craniometric ancestry of Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti) using 190 cranial Computed Tomography (CT) scans (f = 103; m = 87), along with the island’s history, to explore similarities and differences between the two groups. MANOVA results indicate that 53.6% and 71.4% of the 28 cranial measurements differ between the ancestries and sexes, respectively; and intraobserver error analyses demonstrate that 85.7% of measurements from CT scans are good-excellent in reliability. Further, a total of 12 canonical discriminant function analyses produced cross-validated classification accuracies of 73.7–78.6% for females, 71.8–87.5% for males, and 72.0–77.8% for pooled sex. This study demonstrates that, despite sharing a small island, Dominican and Haitian individuals can be differentiated with a fair amount of statistical certainty, which is possible due to complex socio-cultural, -political, and -demographic factors that have produced and maintained genetic heterogeneity. Moreover, the discriminant functions provided here can be used by the international forensic science community to identify individuals living on Hispaniola.
Microlocal Weyl formula on contact manifolds

If M is a compact, contact manifold, with contact line bundle Σ, L a “sublaplacian” on M, characteristic on Σ∖0, and if {φj} is an orthonormal basis of eigenfunctions of –L, with eigenvalues λj↗+∞,...
Optical beam collimation procedures and collimation testing: a summary

A collimated optical beam is required in several applications such as metrology, optical processing, free space propagation of information, and laser-based instrumentation. Prior to the advent of the laser, the size of the aperture at the focal point of a collimating lens determined the degree of collimation based purely on geometrical optics consideration. Because the laser beam can be focused to a tiny size, effectively making it a point source, the degree of collimation is governed by diffraction at the aperture of a collimating lens. A large number of procedures have been developed to collimate the beam. We examine the development of these techniques from the historical perspective.
Deslocamento e reconfiguração de espaço no cinema brasileiro: o caso de Linha de passe e Que horas ela volta?

In the present article, I examine Daniela Thomas and Walter Salles's Linha de passe (2008) and Anna Muylaert's Que horas ela volta? (2015). I argue that these films create new representational possibilities for subjects withincontemporary Brazilian culture by breaking with the dominant model of the favela as a predominantly masculine space that is essentially "out of control." This renegotiation brings with it a valorization of the subjectivity of women who work in the city. I argue that this valorization takes place in both films through the physical displacement of those who traditionally do not enjoy subject status and yet dare to enter territories previously denied to them.
Deep learning technique for fast inference of large-scale riverine bathymetry

Abstract Riverine bathymetry is of crucial importance for shipping operations and flood management. However, obtaining direct measurements of depth is not always easy. Conversely, with recent advances in sensor technology, indirect measurements can be obtained and used to estimate high-resolution river bed topography. Physics-based inverse modeling techniques have been used to estimate bathymetry using indirect measurements like flow velocity at the surface. However, these methods are computationally expensive for large-scale problems. Recently, deep learning has opened a new door toward knowledge representation and complex pattern identification in many fields; however, these techniques have not been used for high-dimensional riverine bathymetry problems since they require a large amount of data in the training phase to have a good estimation performance that can be generalized for new river profiles. Also, unless one reduces the dimension of the problem, these methods can have a computationally expensive similar to that of physics-based techniques. Here, we develop a new deep learning framework for riverine problems that can be trained using only a few river profiles and in a computationally efficient way that allows finding solutions on personal computers. The proposed method exploits the spatially local connection between the observations and river bed profile and combines a fully connected Deep Neural Network (DNN) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to image river bed topography using depth-averaged flow velocity observations. The new method is presented and applied to three riverine bathymetry identification problems. Results show that the proposed method achieves satisfactory performance in bathymetry estimation, providing a powerful data-driven technique for riverine bathymetry in terms of prediction quality, robustness, and computational cost that requires only a relatively small number of training samples.
Angular Gyrus Syndrome

Damage to the inferior parietal lobe of the dominant hemisphere can produce the angular gyrus syndrome, which consists of transcortical sensory aphasia, alexia with agraphia, and Gerstmann's syndrome. Gerstmann's syndrome is the tetrad of acalculia, finger agnosia, left–right confusion, and agraphia. Although there has been controversy over the relevance or existence of Gerstmann's syndrome, it has been found in pure form in cases involving the left angular gyrus or underlying subcortical white matter.
Online Self-Injury Activities among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents: Prevalence, Functions, and Perceived Consequences

The majority of adolescents with psychiatric disorders use social media, engaging in a range of online activities that may confer both risks and benefits. Very little work, however, has examined engagement in online activities related to self-injury among these youth, such as posting about self-injury, viewing self-injury related content, or messaging about self-injury with online or offline friends. This study examined the frequency and types of online self-injury activities in which adolescents engage, perceived functions that these activities serve, and associated risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs). Participants were 589 psychiatrically-hospitalized adolescents (Mage = 14.88), who completed self-report measures assessing online self-injury activities, perceived functions and consequences of these activities, and SITBs. Results indicated that 43.3% of the sample had engaged in online self-injury activities, that the majority (74.8%) used social networking sites (e.g., Snapchat, Instagram) to do so, and that these activities were significantly more common among sexual and gender minority youth. Adolescents who talked about self-injury with friends met online were more likely to report a history of suicide attempt(s). A latent profile analysis revealed three distinct subgroups of youth based on their perceived functions of engaging in online self-injury activities. Subgroups reporting higher levels of engagement for purposes of identity exploration, self-expression, and aiding recovery were at heightened risk for negative perceived consequences of these activities and reported greater suicidal ideation severity. Findings offer new insights for identifying youth who may be at heightened risk for SITBs in the context of social media use.
Using Machine Learning to Identify and Investigate Moderators of Alcohol Use Intervention Effects in Meta-Analyses.

Aims To illustrate a machine learning-based approach for identifying and investigating moderators of alcohol use intervention effects in aggregate-data meta-analysis. Methods We illustrated the machine learning technique of random forest modeling using data from an ongoing meta-analysis of brief substance use interventions implemented in general healthcare settings. A subset of 40 trials testing brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) was used; these trials provided 344 estimates of post-intervention effects on participants' alcohol use as well as data on 20 potential moderators of intervention effects. These candidate moderators included characteristics of trial methodology and implementation, intervention design and participant samples. Results The best-fitting random forest model identified 10 important moderators from the pool of 20 candidate moderators. Meta-regression utilizing the selected moderators found that inclusion of prescriptive advice in a BAI session significantly moderated BAI effects on alcohol use. Observed effects were also significantly moderated by several methodological characteristics of trials, including the type of comparison group used, the overall level of attrition and the strategy used to address missing data. In a meta-regression model that included all candidate moderators, fewer coefficients were found to be significant, indicating that the use of a preliminary data reduction technique to identify only important moderators for inclusion in final analyses may have yielded improved statistical power to detect moderation. Conclusions Machine learning methods can be valuable tools for clarifying the influence of trial, intervention and sample characteristics on alcohol use intervention effects, in particular when numerous candidate moderators are available.
Imaging Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy in Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials.

ABSTRACT Corneal tomography has an emerging role in the assessment of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in clinical practice and potentially for future clinical trials. Posterior elevation and pachymetry maps derived from elevation based Scheimpflug tomography can detect early corneal edema, even at a subclinical stage, enabling clinicians to better counsel patients about their vision and the risk of disease progression with and without cataract surgery. Tomographic imaging provides a functional assessment of corneal endothelial health, and could enable objective assessment of FECD progression, or regression, in response to novel therapeutic interventions. Clinicians and investigators should adopt Scheimpflug imaging for the assessment of FECD over traditional morphologic imaging modalities.
Association Between Microbe Accessible Carbohydrates (MACs) Intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) in the College Students

Objectives Young adults tend to consume western diets with low microbe-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), which are fermentable carbohydrates that may reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases. The importance of dietary fiber (only one type of MAC) in the prevention of chronic diseases led to recommendations for increasing fiber intake. However, a reference to other MACs such as resistant starches, non-starch polysaccharides, polyols (lactitol, sorbitol, etc.), and oligosaccharides (fructo-oligosaccharides, etc.) is still lacking and their relationship with diet quality is far less understood. The healthy eating index (HEI) score is a measure of diet quality, independent of quantity, and is useful to assess compliance with U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The primary aim of this study was to determine the MACs consumption in healthy US college students and their association with dietary quality as indicated by the HEI-2015.
Exploring Problems of High Dynamic and Behavioral Complexity

Addressing problems of high dynamic and behavioral complexity is a challenge because there are not a significant number of ‘tools’ available to enhance an understanding of complex problem, and to help determine potential leverage points for implementation in addressing complex problems. Developing strategies to understand and potentially address Wicked Problems and Wild Messes require strategies and methodologies distinct from traditional problem solving tools and may augment existing Systems Thinking tools. Three potential approaches are presented for undertaking these complex problems including an enhanced version of the PESTLE analysis to include CURN analysis, a version of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) investigation, and a transposed TRIZ methodology.
The effect of hot rolling on the strength and fracture toughness of 90W–7Ni3Fe tungsten heavy metal alloys

Abstract Due to their balance of strength, ductility and toughness, liquid-phase sintered tungsten heavy metal alloys (WHAs) are considered to be an attractive alternative to monolithic polycrystalline tungsten (W) for plasma facing components. Here we explore the effect of hot rolling (HR) on the room temperature (RT) mechanical properties of a 90W–7Ni3Fe (by wt%) WHA, at different thickness reductions of 0, 62, 74 and 87%. High elastic-plastic KJm maximum load toughness for LS-oriented pre-cracked bend bars is observed in the 0 and 87% HR WHA, along with stable crack growth. In contrast, the 62 and 74% HR WHA experience elastic fracture, at much lower KIc. The opposite trend is observed in the microhardness, as well as the tensile yield and ultimate stresses, which are lowest in the 0 and 87% HR condition and highest in the 62 and 74% HR WHA. The reason for the difference in strength at 87 versus 74% HR reductions is not fully understood. However, the strength differences partially rationalize the toughness trends. Unfortunately, HR results in highly anisotropic brick-and-mortar microstructures, leading to much lower elastic KIc in the LT-orientation.
AI chatbots cannot replace human interactions in the pursuit of more inclusive mental healthcare

Abstract What will the future of mental healthcare look like for those who currently fall through the gaps? There is hope that AI chatbots will meet a rising demand on healthcare systems to provide care to meet the shadow pandemic in mental health. Chatbots are viewed as improving efficiency, affordability, convenience, and patient-driven access with an implicit assumption that this will improve health equity and social inclusion. There are, however, three critically therapeutic aspects of in-person outpatient mental healthcare that are overlooked in discussions about chatbot alternatives: 1) the way mental illness compromises an individual's motivational and self-advocacy capacities, especially for those who are socially marginalized; 2) the embodied nature of empathic communication during any clinical encounter that involves attending to complex non-verbal cues; and 3) how social connections provided by in-person clinics provide indirect social benefits that are not part of a clinical checklist. These three challenges entail corresponding ethical risks of not meeting the obligation to respect patients as persons, to provide empathic care as part of beneficence, and to provide care inclusively to meet demands for fairness and justice. This short communication makes the case for why humans, not chatbots, should be available as first-line mental healthcare providers.
Developing a Critical Consciousness with Elementary Students as A Catalyst for Academic Success

Students of Mexican backgrounds have experienced oppressive schooling practices and classroom pedagogies that create academic achievement gaps. This article presents the work of the author, who taught for six years in a Title I elementary school near the United States and Mexico border. Based on an autoethnographic study that investigated the impact of critical pedagogy in the classroom, the author explores the extent to which the pedagogical approach mediated students’ critical consciousness development, resulting in a trajectory of academic success. The study analyzes six years of student work, self-reflection, and the daily routines of the classroom. The findings suggest that the students’ development of critical consciousness catalyzed their critical thinking skills, which they in turn applied to a wide array of academic content, including mathematics, science, and English language arts.
Realistic or Abstract Imagery: The Future of Computer Graphics?

The big idea in computer graphics, what makes CG different from other ways of making images, is that CG represents images symbolically. The artist or designer creates a symbolic representation of the image, and the computer converts that representation to physical media. Because computational processes are so flexible, we have the freedom to invent any abstract representation that suits our needs. Somewhat surprisingly, most of computer graphics research has focused on the science and technology needed to make photorealistic images representing the physical world. In this talk, I will argue that we should shift our focus to developing techniques for manipulating abstract image representations. Historically, abstract imagery is more recent and more innovative than realistic imagery. Functionally, abstract image representations are often more informative and more expressive than realistic ones. More fundamentally, abstract image models better depict our mental models of the world, and are hence more useful to most people that use computer graphics in their work. In addition to motivating this line of research, I will outline some potentially promising research directions.
The Market for Corporate Responsibility Reporting in the Americas

The largest corporations in the world are increasingly adopting international corporate responsibility (CR) reporting standards from organizations such as the Global Reporting Initiative to meet stakeholder expectations for reliable and comparable social and environmental performance data. At the same time, significant geographic variations in reporting rates remain. The goal of this paper is to explain the diffusion of international CR reporting standards within the Americas. Reporting rates cannot be explained fully by a country's population size or level of economic development. Based on a unique statistical analysis of the relative impact of institutional environments, corporate resources and strategic orientation, stakeholder pressures, and transnational trade and learning networks, this research concludes that the diffusion of CR reporting throughout the Americas to date has been fueled by a rather narrow set of corporations with the capacities necessary to implement CR reporting and the strategic orientation to benefit from it. Moreover, corporations' internal capacities and the external demands for CR reporting have been enhanced in select countries by national and transnational CR advocacy and training organizations. This has led to an uneven development of CR reporting thus far, and this unevenness is expected to continue even as overall reporting rates increase.
African-american male stereotypes: Obstacles to social work in a multicultural society

As evidenced by the last presidential campaign, the African-American male continues to be the subject of extensive stereotyping. Such stereotypes are pervasive. Reinforced by media images, the stereotypes of the African-American male as a sex crazed beast with a penchant for violence aimed at the European-American community is an obstacle to social work in a multicultural society. Individual practitioners may perceive or be perceived on the basis of these stereotypes. The continued effort of social workers to confront these stereotypes is imperative.
PION-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS*

▪ Abstract Pion-nucleus interactions have been extensively investigated in the past three decades with the meson factories at LAMPF, TRIUMF, and PSI. This article gives a pedagogical review of the advances and discusses open questions as well as issues related to current research.
Evaluation of the role of 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate synthetase in congenital hyperuricemia and gout: A simple isotopic assay and an activity stain for the enzyme

Abstract A simple and sensitive method for the assay of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase activity in lysates of human erythrocytes is described. The assay, which is based on the ribose 5-phosphate-dependent transfer of radioactivity from ATP-γ-32P to PRPP, does not require coupling enzymes nor electrophoretic nor chromatographic separation of reaction products. A procedure for locating the activity of PRPP synthetase on cellulose acetate strips after electrophoresis is also presented. The detection technique relies on use of enzymes coupled to the reverse reaction of PRPP synthetase to generate a PRPP-dependent stain. Both procedures are shown to detect a previously described mutant form of PRPP synthetase and should be of use in the study of metabolic disorders that may involve alterations in PRPP synthetase activity.
Eliassen–Palm Fluxes and the Momentum Equation in Non-Eddy-Resolving Ocean Circulation Models

Abstract The concepts of residual-mean circulation, transformed Eulerian-mean equations, and Eliassen–Palm fluxes are generalized when the averaging is a low-pass operator in time and space rather than a zonal average. Thus, the eddy motions being considered are ocean eddies on short time and small space scales rather than either purely transient eddies or steady, zonally averaged, standing eddies as commonly considered for the atmosphere. The generalized Eliassen–Palm fluxes are then parameterized as downgradient momentum diffusion plus the appropriate Coriolis term. This gives a momentum equation for use in non-eddy-resolving ocean circulation models. The resulting potential vorticity equation is then analyzed and the quasigeostrophic limit taken. When the adiabatic tracer parameterization of Gent and McWilliams is also used, this equation is close to showing that quasigeostrophic potential vorticity is advected by the geostrophic velocity and diffused by a Laplacian operator. A discussion of the Antarc...
Metabolism of naphthalene by pigeon liver microsomes.

Abstract 1. Microsomal mixed-function oxidase of the pigeon liver shows maximum activity and stability at 44°C and 6.8 pH. Naphthalene is metabolized to 1-naphthol and 1,2-diol and a number of minor metabolites. The MFO activity and P-450 contents of pigeon liver microsomes, under optimum conditions show about 1 3 to 1 4 activity of male mouse hepatic MFO. 2. Artificial hydroxylating agents indicate conversion of naphthalene to only naphthols probably nonenzymatically.
An Integrated Approach to Piezo Actuators Positioning in High-Speed AFM Imaging

In this paper, an integrated approach to achieve atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging of large-size samples at high-speed is proposed, which combines the enhanced inversion-based iterative control (EIIC) technique to drive the piezotube actuator control for lateral x–y axes positioning with the use of a newly-developed dual-stage piezo actuator for vertical z-axis positioning. High-speed, large-size AFM imaging is challenging because large positioning error of the AFM probe relative to the sample can be generated due to the adverse effects—the nonlinear hysteresis and the linear vibration dynamics of the piezotube actuator. In addition, vertical precision positioning of the AFM probe is even more challenging because the desired trajectory is unknown in general, and the probe positioning is also affected by and sensitive to the probe-sample interaction. The main contribution of this article is the development of an integrated approach that combines advanced control algorithm with an advanced hardware platform. The proposed approach is demonstrated in experiments by imaging a large-size (50 μm) calibration sample at high-speed (50 Hz scan rate).Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Weather and the ecology of bursate nematodes

The free-living stages of bursate nematodes are affected in different ways by meteorological factors. The eggs and 1st and 2nd stage larvae live in the feces, and these factors act on them through the feces. The embryo in the egg is protected by the eggshell. The 1st and 2nd stage larvae feed on micro-organisms, and are affected by the species of microorganisms and their metabolic products. The 3rd stage, infective larvae do not feed but leave the feces and migrate onto the vegetation, where they are more directly affected by meteorological factors than the earlier stages. They are partially protected by their sheath. The degree day concept can be used to predict the length of time required for development to the infective stage. Under constant conditions at 100% relative humidity and 20–35° C,Trichostrongylus colubriformis requires 90–115 degree days (temperature times number of days) to reach the infective stage, andHaemonchus contortus requires 95–144 degree days. The great majority of eggs dies within the 1st day after reaching pasture, altho most of them would develop to the infective stage in the laboratory. Only 0.03% ofH. contortus andT. colubriformis eggs placed on pasture were recovered from the vegetation as infective larvae. When larvae ofH. contortus were placed on pasture, 1.6% (about 50 times as many but still only aout 1/30 of their potential) were later recovered. The cause of this die-off is unknown. Two types of potential worm burden prediction must be made-general and specific. The former can be made on the basis of temperature and moisture, but the latter requires information on many modifying factors.
Simultaneous ECG-gated PET imaging of multiple mice

Abstract Introduction We describe and illustrate a method for creating ECG-gated PET images of the heart for each of several mice imaged at the same time. The method is intended to increase “throughput” in PET research studies of cardiac dynamics or to obtain information derived from such studies, e.g. tracer concentration in end-diastolic left ventricular blood. Methods An imaging bed with provisions for warming, anesthetic delivery, etc., was fabricated by 3D printing to allow simultaneous PET imaging of two side-by-side mice. After electrode attachment, tracer injection and placement of the animals in the scanner field of view, ECG signals from each animal were continuously analyzed and independent trigger markers generated whenever an R-wave was detected in each signal. PET image data were acquired in “list” mode and these trigger markers were inserted into this list along with the image data. Since each mouse is in a different spatial location in the FOV, sorting of these data using trigger markers first from one animal and then the other yields two independent and correctly formed ECG-gated image sequences that reflect the dynamical properties of the heart during an “average” cardiac cycle. Results The described method yields two independent ECG-gated image sequences that exhibit the expected properties in each animal, e.g. variation of the ventricular cavity volumes from maximum to minimum and back during the cardiac cycle in the processed animal with little or no variation in these volumes during the cardiac cycle in the unprocessed animal. Conclusion ECG-gated image sequences for each of several animals can be created from a single list mode data collection using the described method. In principle, this method can be extended to more than two mice (or other animals) and to other forms of physiological gating, e.g. respiratory gating, when several subjects are imaged at the same time.
Dyspareunia in Pregnancy

Most of the literature on dyspareunia has dealt with non-pregnant women. Steege and Jelovsek [24], in a cross-sectional study of obstetric registrants, determined that ‘dyspareunia is experienced infrequently during pregnancy’ but did not look at ‘pelvic pain during sexual relations’ prior to pregnancy to assess a change in incidence.Fifty-two married gravidae were queried periodically after (retrospectively) obtaining prepregnancy data including information on dyspareunia. During the 4 pregnancy testing periods both the percentage of women reporting painful coitus and the consistency of the discomfort on repeated coitus increased as the pregnancies progressed. By the third trimester 12% of the women were experiencing painful intercourse more than half the time. Additionally 40% were apareunic. Correlations were found between dyspareunia and happiness about being pregnant, anxiety about the pregnancy, and the perceived attractiveness to the husband. As hypothesized, significant associations were also foun...
The multiplier ideal is a universal test ideal

(2000). The multiplier ideal is a universal test ideal. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 5915-5929.
Hypermnesia and the organization of recall

In this study, the role of organizational processes in hypermnesia was investigated. Subjects were given 40 simple riddles and asked to recall their answers on each of five consecutive recall trials. Two measures of organization, based on interitem response times during recall or on repetition of item pairings between successive recall trials, were used. The two measures yielded comparable findings. Total recall and organized recall increased across recall trials, but unorganized recall did not. The findings support the hypothesis that the construction of a relatively stable, interitem organizational scheme is important for the growth of recall. It was suggested that organizational processes may contribute to the maintenance of items once recalled rather than to their initial retrieval.
Study on Swimming Control of Multi Mini Robofish

As fishlike underwater vehicle has inspiring maneuverability compared with normal underwater vehicles thrusted by screw propeller, it has much extensive application foreground in cooperative and control for multiple underwater robot. In this paper, an experimental platform of multi mini robofish is developed, and performance test of the robofish is carried out. Base on this, robofish positioning control was studied. Due to the undulation of water environment and interfere among multi robofish themselves, the swimming of robofish shows highly non-linear and precise positioning control is very difficult. This paper proposes a learning algorithm of robofish, and through constructing robofish behavior database, the precise positioning control of robofish is obtained. This study makes foundation for multi robofish cooperative control
Abstract 4083: Inhibition of constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling attenuates androgen indepenent signaling and growth in (C4-2) prostate cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. AhR mediates the biochemical and toxic effects of a number of polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8,-tetrachloro-dibenzo-dioxin (TCDD). AhR is widely known for regulating the transcription of drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the xenobiotic metabolism of carcinogens and therapeutic agents, such as cytochrome P450-1B1 (CYP1B1). Additionally, AhR has also been reported to interact with multiple signaling pathways during prostate development. Here we investigate the effect of sustained AhR signaling on androgen receptor function in prostate cancer cells. Immunoblot analysis shows that AhR expression is increased in androgen independent (C4-2) prostate cancer cells when compared to androgen sensitive (LNCaP) cells. RT-PCR studies revealed constitutive AhR signaling in C4-2 cells without the ligand induced activation required in LNCaP cells. A reduction of AhR activity by pharmacologic inhibitors or short RNA mediated silencing in C4-2 cells reduced expression of both AhR and androgen responsive genes. The decrease in androgen responsive genes correlates to a decrease in phosphorylated androgen receptor and androgen receptor expression in the nucleus. Furthermore, the forced decrease in AhR expression resulted in a 50% decline in the growth rate of C4-2 cells. These data indicates that AhR is required to maintain hormone independent signaling and growth by the androgen receptor in C4-2 cells. Collectively, these data provide evidence of a direct role for AhR in androgen independent signaling and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for sustained androgen receptor signaling in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Citation Format: Cindy Tran, Oliver Richmond, LaTayia Aaron, Joann B. Powell. Inhibition of constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling attenuates androgen indepenent signaling and growth in (C4-2) prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4083. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4083
The Influence of Culture on Business in a Pluralistic Society*A Study of Trinidad, West Indies†

influences on businesses in developing countries are currently in use. One group of writers' develops the interaction of variables that affect a foreignowned business firm. Of this group some feel that the entire environment in which the foreign-owned business operates can be used to predict (or explain) the firm's effectiveness. Some add the philosophy of the country from which the firm emigrated. Others stress the culture of the
Does Consumer Irrationality Trump Consumer Sovereignty

Scholars working on the border of economics and psychology have documented many contexts in which individual decision-making is unreliable and might be improved by paternalistic interventions. Against this mounting body of negative evidence, economists' default belief in consumer sovereignty has been motivated primarily by theory rather than evidence. The goal of the present study is to see whether there is direct evidence supporting economists' faith in consumer sovereignty in a simple context. We address this question by presenting direct evidence that consumers' own purchases generate between 10% and 18% more value, per dollar spent, than items received as gifts.
Generation of ultrashort x-ray pulses.

We report on the characterization of ultrashort (<10 psec at 1 keV), high-brightness (10/sup 20/ photons/sec mm/sup 2/ eV into 2..pi.. sr at 1 keV) x-ray pulses. The pulses are generated by exciting a preformed laser-produced plasma using an approx.1 GW, picosecond laser pulse. Time-resolved measurements of the x-ray emission from a solid Au target are presented as well as the variation in the yield with laser energy and the angle of incidence. Time-integrated x-ray emission yields and spectra are presented for Si, Ti, and Au solid targets. Physical mechanisms responsible for the x-ray generation are discussed.
Classification of opioids on the basis of their ability to antagonize bombesin-induced grooming in rats

Abstract Bombesin (0.001–0.125 μg) elicits dose-related excessive grooming when administered i.c.v. to rats. In contrast to the grooming produced by various other endogenous and exogenous agents, bombesin-induced grooming is not markedly affected by behaviorally non-depressant doses (determined by a novel method) of morphine (3 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.). The benzomorphan, ethylketocyclazocine (0.25–0.5 mg/kg, s.c.), does attenuate bombesin-induced grooming in a dose-related and stereospecific manner. In this study, we have classified 27 opioids on the basis of their ability to antagonize bombesin-induced grooming. The results of the classification indicate that a benzomorphan nucleus is required for activity in this test. Our test provides evidence that postulated benzomorphan binding sites are functionally active as pharmacologic receptors.
Structures of Explanations in History Textbooks or So What if Governor Stanford Missed the Spike and Hit the Rail

(1984). Structures of Explanations in History Textbooks or So What if Governor Stanford Missed the Spike and Hit the Rail? Journal of Curriculum Studies: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 181-194.
The struggle for meaning and power in HIV/AIDS education

Strategies of response for HIV/AIDS education should account for structural relations of power, be culturally relevant to its audiences, and have the community as the focus of the intervention.
From Common Struggles to Common Dreams: Neoliberalism and Multicultural Education in a Globalized Environment

Major troubling contours of neoliberalism and high-stakes education have common features. Consequently, the author discusses how multicultural education can serve as praxis for collective empowerment in a globalized context. The author asserts that equitable representation and localized multicultural knowledge production are the foundation of a transformative democracy and engaged citizenry.
Black Men Who Have Sex with Men, Sexual Risk-Taking, and Willingness to Use Rapid Home HIV Tests

The availability of rapid home-based HIV testing (RHT) in the USA has provided us with a valuable, new option in our efforts to identify more people living with HIV and to do so sooner. Furthermore, it is possible that RHT will be or is currently being used as a means of learning one's own and one's partner's HIV status prior to engaging in condomless intercourse. Data regarding knowledge and willingness to use RHT, however, is very limited. In particular, no studies have investigated RHT use among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM). Understanding RHT use among BMSM is critical as we have observed alarming rates of HIV prevalence among this group, and RHT may provide an opportunity to slow HIV transmission among BMSM. In order to better understand RHT, we assessed knowledge, willingness to use and actual use of RHT, HIV testing history, substance use, and sexual risk-taking among 387 HIV-negative BMSM and 157 HIV-positive BMSM attending a community event in the southeastern USA. We used generalized linear modeling to assess factors associated with their willingness to use RHT. Although familiarity with the availability of RHT was somewhat limited among these men, a substantial portion of BMSM did report an interest in using RHT, including with their sex partners. Among HIV-negative BMSM, however, we found a negative relationship between willingness to use RHT and sexual risk-taking, i.e., higher numbers of condomless anal sex acts were associated with a reduction in willingness to use RHT. It appears that men who report the greatest risk-taking for HIV are least interested in RHT. Future research should focus on better understanding concerns regarding RHT among at-risk HIV-negative men and should investigate the usefulness of using RHT as a HIV prevention method.
Acoustic monitoring of sediment‐pore fluid interaction

Acoustic and chemical measurements were made on water-saturated synthetic sediments undergoing diagenesis from uncompacted glass beads into a cemented glass bead, sandstone-like material. The sediment-water interaction was investigated as a function of time by monitoring the acoustic properties, water electrical conductivity, pH, and ion concentration. A reduction in the transmitted acoustic wave amplitude was correlated with a decrease in the total number of ions in the pore water. The lowest acoustic wave amplitude occurred when the ionic strength in the pore water had reached a minimum value. Calculation of the electrostatic potential showed that the force of repulsion between beads was strongest when the acoustic wave amplitude was at its minimum and the double layer electrostatic interaction potential between the beads was at a maximum value. At longer times the acoustic wave velocity of the transmitted wave increased as the cementation progressed. These results suggest that the chemical interaction between the pore fluid and grain alters the strength or stiffness of grain-to-grain contacts, which in turn alters the elastic modulus of the sediment frame. The important implications of this work are the potential use of acoustic or seismic techniques to monitor ion exchange between pore-fluids and sediments in-situ.
Examining the characteristics and implications of sensor side channels

The nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) utilize the radio frequency (RF) channel to communicate. Given that the RF channel is the primary communication channel, many researchers have developed techniques for securing that channel. However, the RF channel is not the only interface into a sensor. The sensing components, which are primarily designed to sense characteristics about the outside world, can also be used (or misused) as a communication (side) channel. In this paper, we characterize the side channels for various sensory components (i.e., light sensor, acoustic sensor, and accelerometer). While previous work has focused on the use of these side channels to improve the security and performance of a WSN, we seek to determine if the side channels have enough capacity to potentially be used for malicious activity. Specifically, we evaluate the feasibility and practicality of the side channels using today's sensor technology and illustrate that these channels have enough capacity to enable the transfer of common, well-known malware. The ultimate goal of this work is to illustrate the need for intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that not only monitor the RF channel, but also monitor the values returned by the sensory components.
Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Pooled International Data

In a recent article, Garcia-Ferrer, Highfield, Palm, and Zellner (1987) used pooling techniques to forecast annual output growth rates in nine countries. Examining various model specifications, they found that, among the fixed-parameter models investigated, a third-order autoregressive (AR) model with leading indicators, AR(3)LI, produces the best forecasts overall. A reexamination using state-space methods shows that a more parsimonious fixed-parameter model, which does not have an autoregressive part, leads generally to better forecasts than the fixed-parameter AR(3)LI model.
Microwave emissions from soils with rough surfaces

The effect of surface roughness on the thermal microwave emission of soils has been studied with the Kirchoff approach. A model is presented that includes both the coherent and incoherent reflectivities of the rough surface. It is demonstrated that both the coherent and incoherent terms must be included in order for theoretical computations to provide good agreement with the experimental data, especially for wet soil, where surface roughness causes a dramatic increase in brightness temperature. In addition, the model including both the coherent and incoherent terms allows one to use the physically measured surface height deviations of the rough surface in the model. Previous models have required that an effective height, not equal to the actual surface height measurements, be used in order for theoretical computations to match measurements.
X-Ray Mirror Technology In The Axaf Era

The performance of X-ray optics at the present time is limited primarily by fabrication errors rather than by design limitations, and consequently realistic specifications and predictions must be based upon the available materials and technology as much as upon the theoretical surface equations. The AXAF baseline mirror design is used as an example of a solution to these problems. Fabrication and metrology techniques which are likely to be used for the AXAF mirrors are discussed, and estimates of final performance are made, although much more reliable estimates will be available after the completion of the Technology Mirror Assembly programs.
Secondary extinctions in food webs: a Bayesian network approach

Summary Ecological communities are composed of populations connected in tangled networks of ecological interactions. Therefore, the extinction of a species can reverberate through the network and cause other (possibly distantly connected) species to go extinct as well. The study of these secondary extinctions is a fertile area of research in ecological network theory. However, to facilitate practical applications, several improvements to the current analytical approaches are needed. In particular, we need to consider that (i) species have different ‘a priori’ probabilities of extinction, (ii) disturbances can simultaneously affect several species, and (iii) extinction risk of consumers likely grows with resource loss. All these points can be included in dynamical models, which are, however, difficult to parameterize. Here we advance the study of secondary extinctions with Bayesian networks. We show how this approach can account for different extinction responses using binary – where each resource has the same importance – and quantitative data – where resources are weighted by their importance. We simulate ecological networks using a popular dynamical model (the Allometric Trophic Network model) and use it to test our method. We find that the Bayesian network model captures the majority of the secondary extinctions produced by the dynamical model and that consumers’ responses to species loss are best modelled using a nonlinear sigmoid function. We also show that an approach based exclusively on food web structure loses power when species at higher trophic levels are preferentially lost. Because the loss of apex predators is unfortunately widespread, the results highlight a serious limitation of studies on network robustness.
1006-43 Hirulog™ vs. Heparin During Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty in Patients with Post-Infarction Angina: Results of the Myocardial Infarction Arm of the Hirulog Angioplasty Trial

Acute intervention for recurrent angina following an acute myocardial infarction continues to present as a therapeutic challenge to the physician. Standard anticoagulation using heparin during PTCA in patients with post infarction angina is associated with a 16% incidence of abrupt vessel closure and an 11% incidence of death, CABG, and recurrent MI. The ability of Hirulog™ (BG8967), a direct thrombin inhibitor, to improve PTCA outcome was compared in a double blind fashion to heparin in the PhasE: III Hirulog Angioplasty Trial. Clinical and angiographic results from the post infarction subgroup (n = 635) will be reported. Patients were randomized to either Hirulog ™ (2.2 mg/kg bolus and 1.0 mg/kg/hr infusion) or heparin (175 U/kg bolus and 15 U/kg/hr infusion). Additional boluses were administered in order to maintain a minimum activated clotting time of 350 seconds. The primary endpoint was procedural failure (impending or established abrupt vessel closure, bypass surgery, recurrent MI, or death) with a secondary endpoint of major hemorrhage. The event rates in this 635 patient subgroup were: Death 0.8% (n = 5). Emergency Bypass 2.2% (n = 14), Recurrent Myocardial Infarction 2.5% (n = 16). Abrupt vessel closure 5.8% (n = 37). and Major Hemorrhage 6.8% (n = 43). In summary, this study will determine: (1) whether Hirulog™, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is superior to heparin when used during PTCA in patients with post-infarct angina and (2) the overall safety profile of Hirulog™ in this subgroup.
The severity of immune neutropenia correlates with the maturational specificity of antineutrophil antibodies

Sera from 15 patients with antineutrophil antibodies against peripheral blood neutrophils were incubated with normal bone marrow, and the reaction with marrow precursors was determined. Serum from controls did not deposit IgG on either peripheral blood or marrow myeloid cells. Serum from patients with moderate immune neutropenia with myeloid hyperplasia deposited IgG on neutrophils, bands and metamyelocytes, but not on earlier precursors. Serum from one patient with severe neutropenia and myeloid hypoplasia deposited IgG on myelocytes and promyelocytes as well as more mature cells. Serum from a patient with antineutrophil antibodies which impaired chemotaxis but who did not have neutropenia deposited IgG only on neutrophils and occasional bands. Immune neutropenia may become increasingly severe as antibodies become directed against earlier precursors.