cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Mass Spec Analysis Of RBCs From Patients With Hereditary Spherocytosis

Introduction Spherocytic RBCs have increased fragility due to abnormalities of the components of the RBC membrane skeleton. From various studies about 30-40% of patients showed no molecular defect using standard Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Mass spectrometry analysis (proteomics) would provide a deeper insight into changes in RBC membrane skeleton protein composition in patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The objective of this study is to identify biomarkers that explain phenotypic heterogeneity and severity of hemolysis and variability within the same family using proteomic tools. Methods Blood samples from affected and unaffected family members of patients with hereditary spherocytosis at Upstate Medical University have been collected after obtaining informed consent. The family presented here includes the affected mother (OS2) and affected grandfather (OS3) of the female patient (OS1) with HS. The grandfather underwent splenectomy many years ago. Samples were collected from the three affected members and the unaffected grandmother (OS4). Complete blood count, peripheral smears, reticulocyte percentage (%) and absolute reticulocyte count were performed on those samples. RBC ghosts were prepared by osmotic lysis and were fractionated into membrane and cytosol. Membrane fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Membrane and cytosol fractions are being analyzed by 4plex Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling. The four individual samples are labeled with amine-modifying four different iTRAQ reagents and then combined. The labeled samples are separated by SDS-PAGE, and then regions of the gel are cut out and subjected to in-gel trypsin digest. The labeled peptides are then analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry and relative abundance can be assigned to each of the four labeled samples within the same analysis, corresponding to the three patients and one control. This approach minimizes any differences in sample processing because all four samples are analyzed simultaneously on the mass spectrometer. Preliminary Results Reticulocyte % and absolute retic count were highest for our patient (13.5 %) compared to her mother (9.93%) and her grandfather (3.34%) who was post splenectomy. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were also lower for our patient (12.8/36.0) compared to her mother (13.3/37.1) and grandfather (16.9/48.1). Coomassie blue SDS-PAGE of RBC ghosts did not show any differences in protein composition at this level of detection. Mass spec analysis using 4plex iTRAQ labeling is currently underway. Conclusions Patients with hereditary spherocytosis exhibit a wide range of phenotypes even within the same family. Protein differences are often not detected at the level of SDS-PAGE. In-depth analysis by quantitative mass spectrometry allows the identification of differences that can correlate to severity of illness and aid in choices regarding treatment modalities. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Subcritical Limits for Plutonium Systems

As a contribution to a required review of American National Standard for Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Materials Outside Reactors, limits for plutonium systems have been...
Correlated line broadening in three pulse multidimensional spectra of coupled vibrations

We present a theory for all three femtosecond, infrared four wave mixing techniques (−k1+k2+k3, k1−k2+k3, k1+k2−k3) in coupled, localized, vibrational systems which includes broadening effects with arbitrary time scales and degrees of correlation.
Strategic planning for a data-driven, shared-access research enterprise: Virginia Tech research data assessment and landscape study

The data landscape study at Virginia Tech addresses the changing modes of faculty scholarship increasingly driven by data and supports the development of a user-centric data infrastructure, management, and curation system. The study investigates faculty researchers' current practices in organizing, describing, sharing, reusing, and preserving data and the emerging needs for data services and education. The results determine the different dimensions of data-related activities, challenges, and opportunities and the changing nature of faculty demands regarding data documentation, storage, and archiving. Asking faculty researchers to self-reflect data sharing and reuse from both data producers' and data users' perspectives, the study reveals a significant gap between the rather localized and sporadic data management and sharing activities and the highly perceived reuse values of data that often get lost right after the original work is done. With expertise in data, information, and archive fields, libraries have great values to offer in bridging the gap and building a data-driven, shared-access research enterprise.
The Consequences ofLarge Monetary Incentivesin Mail Surveys of Elites

HIS report deals with two significant issues in survey research: the use of a mail questionnaire to survey elites, and the utility of large monetary incentives to improve the rate and quality of responses to a mail questionnaire. In the survey analyzed below a questionnaire was mailed to 291 individuals in 60 countries. Potential respondents in 20 countries were not promised any monetary incentive; in 20 other countries a $25 incentive was promised; and in the remaining 20 countries a $50 incentive was promised for the completion and return of the questionnaire. These potential respondents ranged from university professors to cabinet ministers. They were requested to complete a lengthy questionnaire (more than 100 close-ended and 15 openended questions). The purpose of the survey was to obtain detailed factual information and subjective opinions concerning the politics surrounding the family planning programs and population policies of developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Several procedures utilized in this survey differ from past studies of
A comparison of near infrared method development approaches using a drug product on different spectrophotometers and chemometric software algorithms

It is well known that spectral variability in near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be attributed to the analyst, sample, sample positioning, instrument configuration and software (in both algorithm formats and structures used as well as in the execution of data pre-treatment and analysis). It is often acknowledged that the single largest factor impacting NIR results is sample presentation. However, what is obvious but not often acknowledged is that there are instrumental and software differences as well. These differences, evident in the quality of the spectra, may impact the chemometrics that are subsequently performed and, possibly, the results obtained from the multivariate statistical models. In order to investigate just what are these sources of variability, and just how much these variations may impact the results of the multivariate models for predicting the identification of pharmaceutical dosage forms, a study has been conducted. To the authors' knowledge, no other systematic study of this kind h...
New Insecticides Against Adults of Two Species of Hippelates Eye Gnats

Twenty new compounds were evaluated for biological activity Against Hippelates collusor (Townsend) (the predominant eye gnat species in the Southwestern States) and H. pusio Loew. Both species reacted in essentially the same way to most of the compounds. Sumithion® ( O,O -dimethyl O -4-(nitro-m-tolyl) phosphorothioate), mevinphos (Phosdrin®, Bayer 37289 ( O -ethyl O -2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylphosphonothioate), Bayer 37343 ( O -[3,5-dichloro-4- (methylthio) phenyl] O,O -diethyl phosphorothioate), and SD-7587 (l-( p -chlorophenylthio) vinyl dimethylphosphate) were most effective. Sumithion and Bayer 37343 have relatively low mammalian toxicities. Knockdown effects of 6 carbamates were also studied. Among these Isolan® (l-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate) produced the quickest knockdown, followed by dimetilan, Bayer 37344 [4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate] and Pyramat® (6-methyl-2-propyl-4-pyrimidinyl dimethylcarbamate). It is pointed out that quick knockdown effects of less effective compounds may be undesirable from the standpoint of abating insects for longer periods.
The Principal The Time Has Come to Stop Talking and Start Doing

An administrator of an elementary school shares her experience with students exhibiting signs of twice-exceptionality.
Study on the incidence of injury and analysis of the influence factors among children in rural environment of Enshi

Objective To study the incidence and influence factors of injuries among middle school students in rural environment of Enshi,Hubei province,and provide evidence for establishing effective intervention measures. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among children recruited from 3 middle schools in Enshi by stratified cluster sampling method. SPSS19. 0 software was used to analyze data with descriptive analysis,Chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence rate of injuries was 15. 49%. Most injuries happened in summer and autumn. 34. 1%of injuries occurred at home. Unintentional falls and lower limbs injury were 43. 3% and 40. 8% respectively. The risk factors of injury were history of injury,left-behind children,and improper education,such as scolding and corporal punishment The protective factors were girl,senior student and the only child. Conclusions Injury among middle school students in rural environment of Enshi was relatively common. According to the influence factors,targeted interventions should be taken to reduce the occurrence of injury.
The effect of total body perfusion on carotid blood flow.

C erebral depression frequently follows periods of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass in animals and occasionally serious central nervous system changes are observed in patients after perfusion. In some instances, these episodes of cerebral dysfunction are probably due to particulate or air emboli. But in other cases, no explanation is readily apparent unless cerebral blood flow was inadequate during perfusion. For a more detailed understanding of the effect of perfusion upon cerebral blood flow, carotid artery flow was measured in dogs before, during, and after perfusion. Flow measurements and pressure determinations made possible an analysis of cerebral vascular resistance changes.
The Dynamics of Barotropic Vortex Merging

The merging of multiple vortices is a fundamental process of the dynamics of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. In this study, the interaction of like-signed vortices is analytically and numerically examined in a framework of two-dimensional inviscid barotropic flows. It is shown that barotropic vortex interaction turns out to be more intricate than simple merging scenarios often assumed in previous studies. Some particular configurations exist in which the vortex merging process is never complete despite strong interaction of like-signed vortices, regardless of the strengths or distances between the vortices. While the conditions for a complete vortex merging process introduced in this study appear to be too strict for most practical applications, this study suggests that careful criteria for vortex mergers should be properly defined when simulating the interaction of vortices, because the merging may not always result in a final enhanced circulation at the end of the interaction, as usually assumed in the literature.
Measurement of global ventricular function in patients during cardiac operations using sonomicrometry

In these studies, we evaluated the applicability of pulse-transit sonomicrometry for measuring changes in global cardiac activity in patients during cardiac operative procedures. In six patients two epicardial ultrasonic crystals (8 mm) were sutured across the left ventricular minor axis. Diastolic pressure-length data were recorded as left ventricles were filled passively to transmural pressures (P) from 0 to 20 mm Hg. Data were collected at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass and again 15 minutes following periods of induced global ischemia (29.8 ± 0.8 minutes). Minor axis length data were normalized to Lagrangian strain (e), and best-fit regression curves were obtained from P-e data by computer analysis. Nonlinear elastic constants, α and β, were mathematically derived as additional curve descriptors. Decreases in ventricular compliance were demonstrated as leftward shifts in both computed and measured P-e curves. Global ischemia appeared to effect a decrease in overall ventricular diastolic compliance in all patients studied (p
The Academic Model Case Study

This chapter provides details of the East Carolina University (ECU) financial education program which symbolizes what this book calls “The Academic Model,” where the financial education program emerges from and is sustained by an academic unit. The ECU course shares many of the characteristics of other successful programs—impassioned program entrepreneurs or program champions, unwavering support of the administration, an impactful message, and a willingness to tailor and deliver that message in a dynamic way, suitable to the needs of the student population. The success of the academic model rests, not merely in offering an academic course in financial education, but also in the leadership and energy of the program champions, the marketing of the course to students, and the institutionalization of the program in a manner that garners support for its sustenance within the university.
Liquid Crystalline Interactions Between Cholesteryl Esters and Phospholipids

Among the many organic compounds which form liquid crystalline states, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters are naturally occurring, biologically important molecules. Phospholipids are the major lipid components of cell membranes (1) and together with cholesteryl esters comprise the bulk of lipids found in the circulating lipoproteins of the serum (2). The liquid crystalline nature of these lipids has been shown to be intrinsically important in the structure of both membranes and low density serum lipoproteins (3–5). Certain diseases, in particular atherosclerosis, are associated with the accumulation of phospholipid and cholesteryl ester (6,7). In atherosclerosis, these lipids have been shown to be primarily in their liquid crystalline states at physiological temperature (8).
High Flyers: Developing the Next Generation of Leaders

Part 1 When talent isn't enough/of astronauts and executives: the derailment conspiracy. Part 2 Developing executive talent/experience as teacher: linking business strategy and executive development assessing potential - is talent what is, or what could be? Who gets what job - the heart of development catalyst for development. Part 3 Taking action/making executive development a strategic advantage taking charge of your own development.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Kidney Retransplant Outcomes Associated with Common Induction Regimens: A Study of over Twelve-Thousand Cases in the United States

We studied registry data of 12,944 adult kidney retransplant recipients categorized by induction regimen received into antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (N = 9120), alemtuzumab (N = 1687), and basiliximab (N = 2137) cohorts. We analyzed risk factors for 1-year acute rejection (AR) and 5-year death-censored graft loss (DCGL) and patient death. Compared with the reference, basiliximab: (1) one-year AR risk was lower with ATG in retransplant recipients of expanded criteria deceased-donor kidneys (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35–0.91 and HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27–1.08, resp.), while AR risk was lower with alemtuzumab in retransplant recipients with >3 HLA mismatches before transplant (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.44–0.93 and HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.63–1.06, resp.); (2) five-year DCGL risk was lower with alemtuzumab, not ATG, in retransplant recipients of African American race (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34–0.86 and HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.51–1.04, resp.) or with pretransplant glomerulonephritis (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43–0.98 and HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.60–1.12, resp.). Therefore, specific risk factor-induction regimen combinations may predict outcomes and this information may help in individualizing induction in retransplant recipients.
Diffusion and Solubility of Boron in Iron and Steel

Fundamental data on the rate of diffusion of boron in austenite and solubility of boron in the α and β phases of iron and steel have been obtained from deboronizing experiments and provide partial explanations for some of the phenomena observed in boron steels. The rate of diffusion of boron is about the same as carbon in austenite. The solubility of boron in austenite at normal heat-treating temperatures is less than 0.001 pet. A partial tentative Fe-B phase diagram in the important low boron concentration ranges and an equation representing the diffusion of boron in austenite are presented.
Postponing Childbearing and Fertility Preservation in Young Professional Women.

Objectives To evaluate young women's awareness of ovarian reserve testing and oocyte cryopreservation (OC) and assess how testing ovarian reserve may affect the desire for fertility preservation. Methods Three questionnaire-based observational studies were conducted among female students/young professionals 20 years of age and older. The third survey was completed after participants were offered anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) testing. The main outcomes measured included awareness that OC is available, interest in pursuing fertility preservation, and whether interest would change based on knowledge of declining fertility. Results The first tier of the study included a survey of a total of 337 women. The majority of female subjects were aware of OC (92.1%). Approximately 38.5% of the women responded that they would consider OC for future fertility purposes. This percentage increased to 60.3% if one was aware her fertility was declining. The second tier of the study included 42 resident/fellow physicians who were offered AMH testing. A survey was completed before and after testing was completed. Approximately 12% of participants stated that their AMH level altered their anticipated age of childbearing, whereas 24% would consider cryopreservation based on their results. The most common concern regarding OC was the cost. Conclusions Women should be counseled regarding reproductive aging and options for fertility preservation. Offering ovarian reserve testing and making OC more affordable may increase the number of women who undergo elective OC.
Global gene expression analysis identifies Mef2c as a potential player in Wnt16-mediated transcriptional regulation

Wnt16 is a major Wnt ligand involved in the regulation of postnatal bone homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that Wnt16 promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption, suggesting that this molecule could be targeted for therapeutic interventions to treat bone thinning disorders such as osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt16 regulates bone metabolism is not yet fully understood. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt16 promotes bone formation and to identify the target genes regulated by Wnt16 in osteoblasts, we treated calvarial osteoblasts purified from C57Bl/6 mice with recombinant Wnt16 and profiled the gene expression changes by RNA-seq at 24 h post-treatment. We also compared gene expression profiles of Wnt16-treated osteoblasts to canonical Wnt3a- and non-canonical Wnt5a-treated osteoblasts. This study identified 576 genes differentially expressed in Wnt16-treated osteoblasts compared to sham-treated controls; these included several members of Wnt pathway (Wnt2b, Wnt7b, Wnt11, Axin2, Sfrp2, Sfrp4, Fzd5 etc.) and TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway (Bmp7, Inhba, Inhbb, Tgfb2 etc.). Wnt16 also regulated a large number of genes with known bone phenotypes. We also found that about 37% (215/576) of the Wnt16 targets overlapped with Wnt3a targets and ~15% (86/576) overlapped with Wnt5a targets, suggesting that Wnt16 activates both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling targets in osteoblasts. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment analysis in the promoter regions of Wnt16 targets identified noncanonical Wnt/JNK pathway activated transcription factors Fosl2 and Fosl1 as two of the most significantly enriched transcription factors associated with genes activated by Wnt16 while Mef2c was the most significantly enriched transcription factor associated with genes repressed by Wnt16. We also found that a large number of Mef2c targets overlapped with genes down-regulated by Wnt16 and Mef2c itself was transcriptionally repressed by Wnt16 suggesting that Mef2c plays a role in Wnt16-mediated transcriptional regulation.
Representing Women's Interests and Intersections of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in U.S. State Legislatures

In the U.S. context, political scientists have employed various definitions of women’s political interests: some are more women- or gender-specific (or explicit) than others; some are more feminist, liberal, or radical than others; some are more “cross-cutting” (Cohen 1999) than others. To what extent do our definitions of women’s interests affect who is or appears to be more or less willing to act for women? Does the relationship between women’s descriptive and substantive representation depend on how we define women’s interests? In this paper, we are particularly interested in whether and how definitions of women’s interests affect the conclusions we draw about women of color in U.S. state legislatures. Are legislative women, regardless of race and ethnicity, equally likely to take the lead on women’s issues, regardless of how they are defined? Or are gender gaps in women’s substantive representation racially/ethnically specific? Intersectionality theory and research cautions against generalizing about women’s representation across race and ethnicity and suggests that any single-axis conception of women’s interests risks excluding or obscuring the representational advocacy provided by women of color, while privileging that provided by white women. To test this proposition, we examine the agenda-setting behavior (i.e., bill introductions) of state legislators in six states, in 1997, across a variety of definitions of women’s issues/interests. We find that some measures of women’s interest legislation are more likely than others to capture the distinctive leadership of legislative women of color and we conclude that the best approach may be to employ a variety of theoretically relevant concepts and measures of women’s substantive representation.
Analysis of a Scan Service Policy in a Gated Loop System

A communication system of n buffered input terminals, numbered 1,2,3,..., n, connected to a computer by a single channel, is analyzed. The n terminals are serviced according to a SCAN policy: the terminals are polled in sequence 1,2,3,..., n, n, n-1,...,2,1. Data are removed one unit at a time from the terminals’ buffer. Data arriving to the terminal during this time are stored in an auxilliary buffer and are served in the next poll to the terminal. When the buffer has been emptied, the channel is used for system overhead for a randomly determined length of time. The stationary distribution of buffer contents, assumed to exist if the total normalized arrival rate is less than one, is used to find the average buffer contents and the average intervisit time. General, independent arrival rates are assumed for the n terminals. The analysis follows that in Swartz [2].
Genomic Alterations in Prostatic Cancer

It has become apparent that the development of cancer is associated with, and quite probably the result of, a series of genetic alterations in the cell. These alterations are very specific, as in the case of a point mutation leading to the activation of an oncogene, or the deletion of specific genetic information coding for a suppressor of tumor formation. The great progress that has been made in this area in recent years has provided us with an emerging picture of the molecular events responsible for the development of a number of human tumors (for reviews see 1 and 2). Perhaps the best example of this is the study of colorectal cancer. The pioneering studies by Vogelstein and coworkers (3-5) have delineated a series of genetic events, including DNA hypomethylation, ras gene mutations and allelic loss, which are associated with both the initiation and progression of this disease. These and other critical studies indicate that collaboration between oncogene activation and anti-oncogene (suppressor gene) inactivation plays a central role in human carcinogenesis.
An Integrative Model

The purpose of the next three chapters is to present an integrative model for the treatment of chronic marital discord. Previous chapters have documented the absence of a comprehensive model for the conduct of marital therapy. In particular, it has been argued that the formation of theoretical schools and ideologies has hampered the clinician’s vision and range of permissible activities. Necessary linkages between alternative conceptual systems are absent and no clinically sophisticated theoretical model articulates with a data language. As stated previously, three principal conceptual dichotomies are felt to hinder integrative efforts within the field. Thus, the proposed model will attempt to establish linkages between present and past determinants of behavior, between observable behavior and internal psychological events, and between individual psychopathology and interpersonal behavioral systems. Such minimal linkages are necessary for the responsible treatment of marital disorders.
Stability and nonlinear evolution of electrolyte films on substrates with spatially periodic charge density

The stability of a thin electrolyte film on a substrate characterized by a spatially periodic electrical charge density is considered. Using the Debye-H\"uckel approximation to model the electrostatic potential and the lubrication-type framework for the viscous flow description, we derive a strongly nonlinear evolution equation for the film thickness. Linear stability analysis is carried out using a combination of numerical techniques for finding the eigenvalues of the discretized stability problem, asymptotic methods valid for small charge density variation, and Floquet theory. Substrate charge nonuniformity can have either stabilizing or destabilizing effect. For the important practical case of a liquid film with boundary charge densities of opposite signs and thickness comparable to the Debye length, transition from stabilizing to destabilizing influence is observed as the patterning wavelength is decreased. A simple analytical estimate of the condition for such transition is provided. Weakly nonlinear regime is studied using analytical techniques. Numerical simulations of the strongly nonlinear evolution of the film are conducted, with emphasis on competition between patterns induced by substrate charge nonuniformity and by the intrinsic nonlinearity present even for uniformly charged substrate.
Partial Splenic Embolization Is a Safe and Effective Alternative in the Management of Portal Hypertension in Children.

Objective There are multiple approaches to manage the clinical complications of portal hypertension (PHTN) to treat/prevent spontaneous hemorrhage by mitigating thrombocytopenia. No single approach is ideal for all patients given the heterogeneity of this population. Our goal was to determine whether partial splenic embolization (PSE) was safe and effective in the pediatric population. Methods This is a retrospective review of our single-center experience for all patients ages 0 to 21 who underwent PSE between January 2010 and August 2017. The embolized splenic volume targeted was 60% to 70%. Results Twenty-six patients underwent PSE due to thrombocytopenia and/or recurrent variceal bleeding. Patients ranged in age from 18 months to 20 years (mean 13.1 years). The median platelet count before PSE was 53.0 (×10/L). The platelet count improved after PSE with values >100,000 in 21 patients (80.8%). Children with prior esophageal varices showed improvement after PSE with only 9 (34.6%) requiring further endoscopic therapy. After PSE, patients developed transient abdominal pain, distention, fever, and perisplenic fluid collections. Serious complications such as splenic abscess, splenic rupture, bleeding, pancreatic infarction, opportunistic infection, or death were not observed. One patient experienced thrombotic complications after PSE and was later diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. Conclusions PSE is a safe and effective alternative in the management of pediatric PHTN in select populations. PSE may be a favorable alternative to splenectomy and portal systemic shunting because it preserves functional spleen mass and avoids postprocedure accelerated liver disease or encephalopathy.
Frictional properties of arborist rigging blocks

Abstract Rigging is a dangerous arboricultural practice that involves working at height with sharp tools; it also induces large forces and dynamic motion of both the rigged piece and the tree itself. Manufacturers have recently developed alternatives to conventional arborist rigging blocks (with a rotating sheave) with the intention of increasing friction in the block to reduce the likelihood of anchor failure in the tree. We measured tension in the fall and lead of rigging ropes run through a variety of blocks (with and without rotating a sheave) in three test methods—dropping, raising, and lowering a mass. The ratio of tension in the lead to tension in the fall of the rope differed among test methods, blocks, ropes, and their interaction. Some of the differences were expected from the underlying physics, but it was not true that blocks without a rotating sheave consistently provided more friction. Considering the inconsistent findings, rigging a less massive piece seems to be a better way to reduce the likelihood of anchor failure than managing friction in the block.
Reactive germinal centers in the bone marrow of an infant with autoimmune neutropenia.

![Figure][1] An 11-month-old boy presented with history of recurrent fever for a few months, and was found to have neutropenia (neutrophil count 0.16 × 109/L), mild anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL), and normal platelet count (376 × 109/L). Granulocyte immunofluorescence test was positive. Bone
Zernike monomials in wide field of view optical designs

Zernike polynomials are universal in optical modeling and testing of wavefronts; however, their polynomial behavior can cause a misinterpretation of individual aberrations. Wavefront profiles described by Zernike polynomials contain multiple terms with different orders of pupil radius (ρ). Zernike polynomials are a sum of high and low orders of ρ to minimize the RMS wavefront error and to preserve orthogonality. Since the low-order polynomials are still contained in the net Zernike sum, there is redundancy in individual monomials. Monomial aberrations, also known as Seidel or primary aberrations, are useful in studying an optical design's complexity, alignment, and field behavior. Zernike polynomial aberrations reported by optical design software are not indicative of individual (monomial) aberrations in wide field of view designs since the low-order polynomials are contaminated by higher order terms. An aberration node is the field location where an individual (monomial) aberration is zero. In this paper, a matrix method is shown to calculate the individual monomial aberrations given the set of Zernike polynomials. Monomial aberrations plotted as a function of field angle (H) indicate the field order (Hn) and the location of true aberration nodes. Contrarily, Zernike polynomial versus field (ZvF) plots can indicate false aberration nodes, due to the polynomial mixing of high- and low-order terms. Accurate knowledge of the monomial aberration nodes, converted from Zernike polynomials, provides the link between a ray-trace model or lab wavefront measurement and nodal aberration theory (NAT). This method is applied to two different optical designs: (1) 120° circular FOV fish-eye lens and (2) 120∘×4∘ rectangular FOV, off-axis, freeform four-mirror design.
IT Takes a Village: A Case Study of Internal and External Supports of an Urban High School Magnet Career Academy

The purpose of this study was to examine internal and external supports of an information technology themed (whole school) urban magnet high school located in a low-income urban community within the Southeastern region of the United States. We found the academy to be an exemplary case study for how schools can build a high profile reputation with investment from key stakeholders within the district and school as well as with the community, business/industry, and postsecondary partners. The internal investment of the school was spearheaded by not only the principal, but also district leaders (e.g., superintendent) as well. The career specialist opened the doors to external investment (e.g., business/industry, community members, postsecondary partners). Characteristics that contributed to the academy’s success included effective school leadership, effective communication, and ongoing collaboration.
I am so fearful for him: a mixed-methods exploration of stress among caregivers of Black children with autism

Parenting stress is correlated with negative child and parent outcomes. Accurate parenting stress assessments are critical to inform appropriate service delivery. This study used mixed methods to i...
Capturing spatiotemporal dynamics of Alaskan groundfish catch using signed-rank estimation for varying coefficient models

Varying coefficient models (VCMs) are commonly used for their high degree of flexibility in modeling complex systems. Many applications in fisheries utilize VCMs to capture spatial variation in pop...
Preferences in trust regarding the provision of cancer information among adults

Abstract Background : Disparities associated with trust in health information exist warranting a need for research assessing this relationship among adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess trust of cancer information among U.S. adults. Methods : A weighted sample of 237,670,167 adults from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) from 2011-2014 was used for the analyses. Dependent variables were dichotomized answers to whether individuals trusted information from family/friends, the internet, or a doctor. Independent variables included age, sex, region, race/ethnicity, and cancer diagnosis to investigate associations between demographic factors and differences in trust. Logistic regression was run using R survey package. Results : There were statistically significant differences in trust based on race/ethnicity, age, and cancer diagnosis. Minorities were less likely to trust information from a doctor, with Hispanics more likely to trust information from the internet (OR=1.8 (95% CI 1.36,2.43)), and Non-Hispanic Blacks trusting information from family and friends (OR=1.5 (95% CI 1.06, 2.13)). Adults ≥45 years of age were less likely to trust the doctor ‘a lot’ (45-64 years: OR=0.6 (95% CI 0.50, 0.83); 65+ years (OR=0.7 (95% CI 0.54, 0.92)), but more likely to not trust information from family and friends or the internet. Patients with cancer were more likely to trust information from a doctor ‘a lot’ (78%; p=0.01). Discussion Significant differences in preferences regarding trust in cancer information occurred based on sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion : These finding suggest targeting specific population subgroups for information from sources they trust could be helpful in reducing disparities in trust.
Wavelet-Based Optical Flow Analysis for Background-Oriented Schlieren Image Processing

A wavelet-based optical flow analysis (wOFA) method for processing background-oriented schlieren (BOS) images is presented and demonstrated on synthetic and experimental data. Optical flow is inher...
The Mount Sinai Hospital Institute for critical care medicine response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a dramatic surge in the number of critically ill patients. This was especially true in New York city, the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States. In the present study, a roadmap was proposed for hospitals and health systems to prepare for a surge in critical care capacity. Methods This was a retrospective review of how Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) was able to rapidly prepare to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. How MSH, the largest academic hospital within the Mount Sinai Health System, rapidly expanded the intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity, including creating new ICU beds in traditionally non-critical care areas, expanded the workforce for ICUs, and created guidelines to streamline workflow, is described in this review. Results MSH expanded from a 1,139-bed quaternary care academic referral hospital with 104 ICU beds to 1,453 beds (27.5% increase) with 235 ICU beds (126% increase) during the pandemic peak in the first week of April 2020. From March to June 2020, with follow-up through October 2020, MSH admitted 2,591 COVID-19-positive patients, 614 to ICUs. Most admitted patients received noninvasive support including a non-rebreather mask, high flow nasal cannula, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Among ICU patients, 68.4% (n=420) received mechanical ventilation; among the admitted ICU patients, 40.7% (n=250) died, and 47.8% (n=294) were discharged alive. Among the patients requiring mechanical ventilation, 55.0% (n=231) died and 43.1% (n=181) were discharged alive from the hospital. Conclusion : Flexible bed management initiatives; teamwork across multiple disciplines; and development and implementation of guidelines for airway management, cardiac arrest, anticoagulation, vascular access, and proning were critical in streamlining workflow and accommodating the surge in critically ill patients. Non-ICU services and staff were deployed to augment the critical care work force and open new critical care units by leveraging a tiered staffing model. This approach to rapidly expand bed availability and staffing across the system helped provide the best care for the patients and saved lives.
Influence of sire growth potential, time on feed, and growing-finishing strategy on cholesterol and fatty acids of the ground carcass and longissimus muscle of beef steers.

The purpose of this study was to determine how diverse beef cattle production systems affect fatty acids and cholesterol of meat. Crossbred cows were bred by AI to high (H) or moderate (M) growth rate potential bulls to produce spring- or fall-born calves. Steer calves from these matings were placed on finishing diets at three ages. Spring-born steers were started at 6 or 18 mo of age (A6 and A18), and fall-born calves were started at 12 mo of age (A12). Slaughter times were 0, 90, 180, and 270 d for A6; 68, 136, and 204 d for A12; and 0, 45, 90, and 135 d for A18. Four steers of each type were slaughtered in each of 2 yr for each sire type x time on feed x slaughter group. Fatty acids and cholesterol of ground carcass and longissimus muscle (LM) were determined by GLC. Carcass fat increased faster in M than in H steers (P < .01). Ground carcass cholesterol was greater for M steers (P = .06) than for H steers because of the greater fat content in the M ground carcass. No differences in LM cholesterol were observed for sire growth potential or time on feed. Fatty acid differences in ground carcass with time on feed were due primarily to decreases in 18:0 and increases in 18:1. The LM saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids changed little with time on feed, but total saturates were greater for M steers (44.5%) than for H steers (42.8%) (P = .02). A18 steers of H sires had the greatest (P = .04) ratio of 18:0 plus unsaturates to 14:0 plus 16:0 (most hypocholesterolemic). We conclude that cholesterol in lean muscle is not altered by the sire growth potential x time on feed x growing-finishing strategy imposed, and that lean beef from steers sired by H bulls and backgrounded before finishing may produce meat with the healthiest lipid composition.
Personality and geography: Introverts prefer mountains

Abstract In five studies, we tested the link between personality and geography. We found that mountain-lovers were more introverted than ocean-lovers (Study 1). People preferred the ocean over mountains when they wanted to socialize with others, but they preferred the mountains and the ocean equally when they wanted to decompress alone (Study 2). In Study 3, we replicated the introversion–extraversion differences using pictures of mountains and oceans. Furthermore, this difference was explained in part by extraverts’ perception that it would take more work to have fun in the mountains than in the ocean. Extending the first three studies to non-students, we found that residents of mountainous U.S. states were more introverted than residents of flat states (Study 4). In Study 5, we tested the link between introversion and the mountains experimentally by sending participants to a flat, open area or a secluded, wooded area. The terrain did not make people more introverted, but introverts were happier in the secluded area than in the flat/open area, which is consistent with the person–environment fit hypothesis.
Regional energy metabolism during maturation and aging of mouse cerebellum.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the regional energy metabolism during maturation and aging of mouse cerebellum. To assess age-related changes in brain chemistry in a systematic way, it would be well to avoid the usual sources of variability encountered in sampling brains of individual animals at various ages, yet allow relatively rapid scanning of the total life span of the species. Most physiological and biochemical parameters are close to adult values and many studies of brain development have followed mice only to the age of 30 days. One of the difficulties in assessing development is the variation that is found even among inbred litters. The effect of severe food deprivation can cause profound retardation of brain development. In the late maturational period, following apparent morphological, physiological, and behavioral maturation of the mouse cerebellum, significant age-related metabolic changes can still be found. These changes are sometimes in opposite directions in different regions and might easily be undetected if the whole cerebellum is studied.
Kπ scattering phase shifts determined from the reactions K+p→K+π−Δ++ and K+p→KoπoΔ++

Abstract We studied the Kπ scattering from threshold to mKπ = 1200 MeV using the Chew-Low extrapolation method in the reactions K + p → K o ← π o − Δ ++ . In addition to an analysis using only the data at 5.43 GeV/c incident momentum, we also present the results using the world data compiled from experiments with momenta from 3.0 to 12.7 GeV/c. The extrapolated cross section for the elastic K+π−→K+π− scattering exceeds the p-wave isospin - 1 2 unitary limit in the K∗ (890) region. The phase shift δ11 (notation δ l 2I ) shows the expected Breit-Wigner behavior which suggests that δ 1 3 ⋍0 in the mass region studied. Solutions for the s-wave phase shifts δo1 and δo3 are obtained from the extrapolated differential cross sections. We obtain a unique set of solutions for δo1 and δo3 by requiring the calculated cross sections to agree with those extrapolated from K+π− elastic scattering and with those for K−π− scattering obtained in other experiments. We find δo1 increasing slowly from 0° at threshold and approaching 80° at m Kπ ⋍1150 MeV with no evidence of passing through 90° in the mass range studied. The phase shift δo3 decreases slowly from 0° at threshold to ⋍ − 30° at m Kπ ⋍ 1200 MeV .
Clinical significance of perceptible fetal motion

Abstract The monitoring of fetal activity during the last trimester of pregnancy has been proposed to be useful in assessing fetal welfare. The maternal perception of fetal activity was tested among 82 patients using real-time ultrasonography. All perceived fetal movements were visualized on the scanner and involved motion of the lower limbs. Conversely, 82% of all visualized motions of fetal limbs were perceived by the patients. All combined motions of fetal trunk with limbs were perceived by the patients and described as strong movements, whereas clusters of isolated, weak motions of the fetal limbs were less accurately perceived (56% accuracy). The number of fetal movements perceived during the 15-minute test period was significantly (p
What is Legal Information

This paper offers a new, formal definition of ‘legal information,’ intended to exhibit nine characteristics identified as being desirable. Motives for devising a new definition of ‘legal information’ include enabling automated discovery and organization of law-related information, fostering interdisciplinary research respecting such information, and enabling law librarians to specify the basis of their professional expertise and to limit the scope of their collections and services. Three previously devised, formal definitions of ‘legal information’ are evaluated and their shortcomings identified. A new definition of ‘legal information’ is then set out, with examples. Next, the paper discusses a potential controversy respecting a subcategory of law-related information: ostensibly non-law-related information that acquires legal significance by virtue of being used to support a statement about law. A potential approach to that controversy is suggested, involving the use of the economic concept of comparative advantage.This is an invited paper, presented at the Boulder Summer Conference on Legal Information: Scholarship & Teaching, held at the University of Colorado School of Law, in Boulder, Colorado, June 2009.
Aerodynamic behavior of a slender slot in a wind tunnel wall

A theoretical model for the flow through a single slot of finite length in a wall separating a uniform freestream and a quiescent fluid at different static pressures is constructed. This problem is relevant to understanding the aerodynamic behavior of slots which are used in the test sections of some ventilated wall transonic wind tunnels. The theoretical relationship which is obtained between the pressure differential across the slot and the flow through the slot shows both the linear and quadratic regimes observed in experiments. The linear behavior arises from the acceleration of the cross flow into the slot downstream of the leading edge and from the interaction of streamwise stations along the slot, as well as from the effect of slot taper. Analytical solutions are obtained for two slot planform shapes, and some other cases are solved numerically. The quantitative agreement with experimental data is very encouraging.
Stochastic Search for Optimal Linear Representations of Images on Spaces with Orthogonality Constraints

Simplicity of linear representations makes them a popular tool in several imaging analysis, and indeed many other applications involving high-dimensional data. In image analysis, the two widely used linear representations are: (i) linear projections of images to low-dimensional Euclidean subspaces, and (ii) linear spectral filtering of images. In view of the orthogonality and other constraints imposed on these representations (the subspaces or the filters), they take values on nonlinear manifolds (Grassmann, Stiefel, or rotation group). We present a family of algorithms that exploit the geometry of the underlying manifolds to find optimal linear representations for specified tasks. We illustrate the effectiveness of algorithms by finding optimal subspaces and sparse filters both in the context of image-based object recognition.