cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A ClyA nanopore tweezer for analysis of functional states of protein-ligand interactions

Conformational changes of proteins are essential to their functions. Yet it remains challenging to measure the amplitudes and timescales of protein motions. Here we show that the ClyA nanopore can be used as a molecular tweezer to trap a single maltose-binding protein (MBP) within its lumen, which allows conformation changes to be monitored as electrical current fluctuations in real time. The current measurements revealed three distinct ligand-bound states for MBP in the presence of reducing saccharides. Our biochemical and kinetic analysis reveal that these three states represented MBP bound to different isomers of reducing sugars. These findings shed light on the mechanism of substrate recognition by MBP and illustrate that the nanopore tweezer is a powerful, label-free, single-molecule approach for studying protein conformational dynamics under functional conditions.
Spacetime and universal soft modes: Black holes and beyond

Author(s): Nomura, Y | Abstract: Recently, a coherent picture of the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole has been presented which reconciles unitarity with the predictions of the equivalence principle. The thermal nature of a black hole as viewed in a distant reference frame arises from entanglement between the hard and soft modes generated by the chaotic dynamics at the string scale. In this paper, we elaborate on this picture, particularly emphasizing the importance of the chaotic nature of the string (UV) dynamics across all low-energy species in generating large (IR) spacetime behind the horizon. Implications of this UV/IR relation include O(1) breaking of global symmetries at the string scale and a self-repair mechanism of black holes restoring the smoothness of their horizons. We also generalize the framework to other systems, including Rindler, de Sitter, and asymptotically flat spacetimes, and find a consistent picture in each case. Finally, we discuss the origin of the particular construction adopted in describing the black hole interior as well as the outside of a de Sitter horizon. We argue that the construction is selected by the quantum-to-classical transition, in particular, the applicability of the Born rule in a quantum mechanical world.
Using co-occurrence network topology in assessing ecological stress in benthic macroinvertebrate communities.

Ecological monitoring of streams has often focused on assessing the biotic integrity of individual benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities through local measures of diversity, such as taxonomic or functional richness. However, as individual BMI communities are frequently linked by a variety of ecological processes at a regional scale, there is a need to assess biotic integrity of groups of communities at the scale of watersheds. Using 4,619 sampled communities of streambed BMIs, we investigate this question using co-occurrence networks generated from groups of communities selected within California watersheds under different levels of stress due to upstream land use. Building on a number of arguments in theoretical ecology and network theory, we propose a framework for the assessment of the biotic integrity of watershed-scale groupings of BMI communities using measures of their co-occurrence network topology. We found significant correlations between stress, as described by a mean measure of upstream land use within a watershed, and topological measures of co-occurrence networks such as network size (r = -.81, p < 10-4), connectance (r = .31, p < 10-4), mean co-occurrence strength (r = .25, p < 10-4), degree heterogeneity (r = -.10, p < 10-4), and modularity (r = .11, p < 10-4). Using these five topological measures, we constructed a linear model of biotic integrity, here a composite of taxonomic and functional diversity known as the California Stream Condition Index, of groups of BMI communities within a watershed. This model can account for 66% of among-watershed variation in the mean biotic integrity of communities. These observations imply a role for co-occurrence networks in assessing the current status of biotic integrity for BMI communities, as well as their potential use in assessing other ecological communities.
Burnout, Workplace Factors, and Intent to Leave Among Hematology/Oncology Nurse Practitioners.

Background Burnout and intent to leave have been well documented in oncology/hematology health-care professionals, with a potentially detrimental effect on the patient-provider relationship and job satisfaction. With the recommended changes in the nurse practitioner (NP) role to accommodate for the physician shortage, it is important to determine the burnout and intent to leave of hematology/oncology NPs. Purpose To examine the association between burnout, workplace factors, and intent to leave among hematology/oncology NPs. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, a convenience sample of 201 hematology/oncology NPs was recruited to assess their burnout levels using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, workplace factors using the Areas of Worklife survey (AWS), and intent to leave. Descriptive, correlational, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships among variables. Results 44 (21.9%) participants reported intention to leave the profession or hematology/oncology. 30.8% of the sample reported a high level of emotional exhaustion, 9.0% reported high depersonalization, and 21.0% reported low personal accomplishment. Emotional exhaustion was related to increased likelihood of intent to leave in regression model (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.17, p < .001). Workplace reward (adjusted OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.17-0.93, p < .05) and value (adjusted OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.28-0.99, p < .05) were negatively associated with intent to leave. Conclusion Hematology/oncology NPs experience high emotional exhaustion, with over 20% indicating intent to leave their job or the nursing profession. Some workplace factors may play protective roles to reduce the intent to leave. Interventions are needed to enhance these workplace factors to decrease burnout.
Seeing Race in the Research on Youth Trauma and Education: A Critical Review:

The growing body of scholarship on youth trauma in educational contexts has yielded promising discoveries about resources, programs, and practices that may improve success outcomes for trauma-expos...
THE ELIMINATION OF COSINE ERRORS IN THE CALIBRATION OF TILTED PYRANOMETERS

ABSTRACT A method is presented which allows for the calibration of a tilted pyranometer insitu. The method is free from errors caused by deviations from true cosine response. This is achieved by choosing a time of the day and year for which both the tilted pyranometer and a reference horizontal pyranometer receive the same direct insolation. The method produces tilt dependent calibrations accurate to about 1%.
Northeast Asia's Stunted Regionalism: 1997–1998: Strategic Partnerships and National Rivalries

In the euphoria after the end of the cold war little thought was given to great-power rivalries and balance-of-power politics. Only in 1996 did great-power relations rise to the surface again. The Taiwan missile crisis called attention to Sino-U.S. differences that could result in armed combat. Suddenly, the United States had a potential rival, whose power was growing along with determination to alter the status quo. In April Sino-Russian relations were upgraded to a strategic partnership amidst talk of how these two powers could shape a multipolar world. Now the image grew of powers cooperating to balance U.S. hegemony. The Japanese-U.S. security alliance was also strengthened with warnings that security threats loomed. This indicated that the United States was responding in NEA to build a coalition of powers. Before long Sino-U.S. negotiations accelerated with China treating them as a means to forge new strategic triangles and quadrangles. Tokyo, in turn, readied an initiative toward Moscow, suggesting that the two great powers had geopolitical as well as territorial and economic reasons to talk. A high tide of geostrategic scrambling ensued, overshadowing other aspects of regionalism. There was no imminent threat that eliminated the search for regionalism or undercut growing economic ties, but cooperation was perceived as requiring an underpinning of great-power agreement and balance. Northeast Asia lacked a security forum, although some discussions piggybacked on the new annual ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in SEA. For the most part, the jockeying for great-power advantage occurred in summits between two leaders.
Polarly localized receptor-like kinases PXC2 and IRK act redundantly during Arabidopsis root development in the radial axis

SUMMARY In plants, coordination of cell division and differentiation is critical for tissue patterning and organ development. Directional cell signaling and cell polarity have been proposed to participate in coordination of these developmental processes. For instance, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) named INFLORESCENCE AND ROOT APICES KINASE (IRK) functions to restrict stele area and inhibit longitudinal anticlinal divisions (LADs) in the endodermis where it is polarly localized. The LRR-RLK most closely related to IRK is PXY/TDR CORRELATED 2 (PXC2) and we find that PXC2 shows similar polarized accumulation as IRK in root cell types. To further understand how these proteins operate in directional cell-cell signaling and root development we explored PXC2 function. pxc2 roots have an increase in stele area, indicating that PXC2 also functions to restrict stele size. Additionally, compared to either single mutant, irk pxc2 roots have an enhanced phenotype with further increases in endodermal LADs and stele area indicating redundant activities of these receptors. The double mutant also exhibits abnormal root growth, suggesting broader functions of PXC2 and IRK in the root. However, PXC2 is not functionally equivalent to IRK, as endodermal misexpression of PXC2 did not fully rescue irk. We propose that PXC2 is at least partially redundant to IRK with a more predominant role for IRK in repression of endodermal LADs. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that repression of specific endodermal cell divisions and stele area through a PXC2/IRK-mediated directional signaling pathway is required for coordinated root growth and development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the root, coordination of growth and developmental processes is critical for organ function and directional cell-to-cell signaling and cell polarity are implicated in these processes. Our studies indicate that laterally polar transmembrane receptor kinases, PXC2 and IRK, have redundant functions in restriction of specific endodermal cell divisions and stele size, and are important for gravitropic root growth.
Dielectric Slab Waveguide

The origin of guided-wave behavior is presented for the case of slabs and for thin films of dielectric materials. The discussion examines the origin of the guided wave using a classical optics approach and that of Maxwell’s equations, as well as the matching of fields at the interfaces of dielectric layers. The chapter also includes various approximations and graphical methods for waveguides with abrupt and diffused geometry.
An efficient chemical screening method for structure-based inhibitors to nucleic acid enzymes targeting the DNA repair-replication interface and SARS CoV-2

We present a Chemistry and Structure Screen Integrated Efficiently (CASSIE) approach (named for Greek prophet Cassandra) to design inhibitors for cancer biology and pathogenesis. CASSIE provides an effective path to target master keys to control the repair-replication interface for cancer cells and SARS CoV-2 pathogenesis as exemplified here by specific targeting of Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and ADP-ribose glycohydrolase ARH3 macrodomains plus SARS CoV-2 nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) Macrodomain 1 (Mac1) and Nsp15 nuclease. As opposed to the classical massive effort employing libraries with large numbers of compounds against single proteins, we make inhibitor design for multiple targets efficient. Our compact, chemically diverse, 5000 compound Goldilocks (GL) library has an intermediate number of compounds sized between fragments and drugs with predicted favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles. Amalgamating our core GL library with an approved drug (AD) library, we employ a combined GLAD library virtual screen, enabling an effective and efficient design cycle of ranked computer docking, top hit biophysical and cell validations, and defined bound structures using human proteins or their avatars. As new drug design is increasingly pathway directed as well as molecular and mechanism based, our CASSIE approach facilitates testing multiple related targets by efficiently turning a set of interacting drug discovery problems into a tractable medicinal chemistry engineering problem of optimizing affinity and ADME properties based upon early co-crystal structures. Optimization efforts are made efficient by a computationally-focused iterative chemistry and structure screen. Thus, we herein describe and apply CASSIE to define prototypic, specific inhibitors for PARG vs distinct inhibitors for the related macrodomains of ARH3 and SARS CoV-2 Nsp3 plus the SARS CoV-2 Nsp15 RNA nuclease.
Model Curricula in Psychiatric Residency

Of course, I conclude with the assertion that model curricula are good and the process of model-curriculum development is even better. In fact, I strongly urge the support of both AADPRT and the Association for Academic Psychiatry (AAP) to provide formats for educators, through their annual meetings, to present such thoughtful and comprehensive curricula in content areas that they love and promote. I also encourage Academic Psychiatry to publish such efforts when they have been melded or tempered by the efforts of thoughtful psychiatric educators to be sure that passion is balanced by considerations of reality. Using my measurements, model curricula and model curriculum development are good for the field and good for those who pursue them.
The State of Water and Alkali Cations within the Intracellular Fluids: The Contribution of NMR Spectroscopy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nature and limitations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Studies of the water nuclides demonstrates that, over the range of Larmor frequencies commonly applied, the basic mechanism determining the rates of longitudinal relaxation is exactly the same within biological cells and within model systems. Encapsulation within the plasma membrane confers no new properties on the water molecules. The longitudinal relaxation times of the water nuclides sense the tumbling time and concentration of the macromolecule in solution. The detailed dynamics of the interaction of water molecules with the surfaces of proteins in solution are not clear, either within simple aqueous solutions of the macromolecules or within the intracellular fluids. The water molecules can serve as a sensor of the physical state of the macromolecules within the intracellular fluids. NMR studies of the relaxation processes of the water nuclides permit characterization of the nature and concentrations of macromolecules within the cell under pathological conditions. The major intracellular ion, Na+ is extensively studied. In both model systems and in the intracellular fluids, the rates of nuclear magnetic relaxation are enhanced and it appears to be nonspecific, currently, best explained by the existence of a condensed phase of cations associated with the surface of charged polyelectrolyte macromolecules. This condensation does not immobilize Na+, whose freedom of motion remains very large. The fractional immobilization of intracellular Na+ appears to be very small. NMR properties of intracellular nuclides sense the nature and state of aggregation of the macromolecules within the intracellular fluids.
Distal small bowel bypass for weight regain after gastric bypass: safety and efficacy threshold occurs at<70% bypass

Background For patients with poor weight loss (WL) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) there are few well-tolerated and effective surgical options. Revision to distal bypass by shortening of the common channel (CC) induces significant WL but often produces protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) and severe diarrhea. Objective The aim of this study was to identify a safe and effective threshold for distal small bowel bypass when done for revision of gastric bypass. Setting Academic Institution, United States. Methods We performed revision of RYGB for WL in 20 patients by shortening the CC to a new length of 120-300 cm. The Roux limb length was unchanged. WL and PCM were monitored. A threshold for percent of small bowel bypassed at which PCM was avoided was retrospectively determined. WL was then compared in patients above and below this threshold. Five patients completed a 250-kcal mixed meal challenge before and 3 months after revision to determine selected gut hormone responses. Results Bypassing ≥70% small bowel resulted in PCM in 4 of 10 patients but in none of 10 patients below that threshold. PCM was observed as late as 2 years after revision and necessitated rerevision by lengthening of the CC in 3 patients. Additionally, nocturnal diarrhea was more common and more intractable when ≥70% bypass was done. Both groups had significant excess body WL over 2 years, but it was greater in patients with ≥70% bypass (47±19 versus 26±17; P Conclusions Revision of RYGB to distal bypass when it is
Not So Simple

A molecular-beam study of a classic organic reaction shows that its mechanism is more complex than previously assumed.
In vivo cytotoxicity of ovarian cancer cells through tumor-selective expression of the BAX gene.

The BAX proapoptotic protein is capable of inducing cell death either directly, through its effects on mitochondrial function, or indirectly, by lowering the apoptotic threshold in response to certain chemotherapy agents. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that selective expression of BAX in human ovarian cancer through adenoviral gene transfer might represent a novel approach to eradicating tumor cells in vivo . Two constructs were prepared using replication-deficient adenoviral vectors containing either the cDNA for β-galactosidase (Ad.DF3.βGAL) or hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged BAX (Ad.DF3.BAX) under the control of the DF3 promoter. The DF3 promoter was used to confer tumor-specific gene expression in view of its restricted pattern of expression in the majority of human ovarian cancers and its limited expression in normal peritoneal mesothelial cells. In vitro infection of up to seven different epithelial cancer cell lines with Ad.DF3.βGAL or Ad.DF3.BAX resulted in expression of either β-galactosidase activity or HA-BAX protein, respectively, which was highly correlated with DF3 levels. Furthermore, infection with Ad.DF3.BAX was capable of highly selective cytotoxicity of DF3-positive ovarian cancer clonogenic cells in vitro . The effect of i.p. administration of Ad.DF3.BAX was also assessed in nude mice inoculated with the DF3-positive 36M2 human ovarian cancer cell line. Expression of either β- galactosidase activity (after Ad.DF3.βGAL treatment) or HA-BAX transcripts (after Ad.DF3.BAX treatment) was restricted to tumor tissue in vivo . Importantly, administration of Ad.DF3.BAX on days 2 and 3 after tumor inoculation was capable of eradicating >99% of tumor implants. These results demonstrate the feasibility of tumor selective expression of a proapoptotic protein such as BAX through adenoviral gene transfer.
Linear Complementarity and the Degree of Mappings

Let M be an n × n real matrix and q an n-vector. The problem: Find n-vectors x and y such that 1a × − My = q 1b × > 0, y > 0 1c Either xi = 0 or yi = 0 for 1 < i < n is called the linear complementarity problem. As is explained in [C-D], several significant mathematical programming problems can be formulated as linear complementarity problems. For that reason, linear complementarity has been the subject of a considerable literature (see [K], [M], [L2], [G] and the papers cited there). For the most part in this literature the problem is treated from the algorithmic point of view, with the specification of procedures for solving the problem under various assumptions on the matrix M as a major goal. An exception to this rule is the paper [E-S] of Eaves and Scarf. In that paper, a general class of algorithms is discussed from a geometric point of view, and the linear complementary problem is given a geometric interpretation, making it amenable, for certain M, to the general methods of the paper.The pupose of the present paper is to pursue the investigation of linear complementary from a geometric point of view*.
The Land of Confusion? High School Students and Their Use of the World Wide Web for Research.

Abstract The use of the World Wide Web by high school students to complete school assignments was studied by interviewing high school students. The author expected to find that students were using the World Wide Web as their primary source of information and that the students had difficulty in evaluating whether information on a web site was scholarly. The author considered Perry's Scheme of Student Development and the unique nature of the World Wide Web to come to these assumptions, which were only partially validated by this study. As is typical in a qualitative study, the sample was small, but some themes that could help provide direction to further research emerged. It was discovered that the students in the study used a good variety of resources, including libraries and the World Wide Web, to find information for school assignments. However, the students were weak at determining the quality of the information that they found on a web site. Students did poorly at evaluating web site information in the absence of gatekeepers.
Where does the ^{}-norm of a weighted polynomial live?

A characterization is given of the sets supporting the uniform norms of weighted polynomials [w(x)]nPn(x), wherePn is any polynomial of degree at mostn. The (closed) support ∑ ofw(x) may be bounded or unbounded; of special interest is the case whenw(x) has a nonempty zero setZ. The treatment of weighted polynomials consists of associating each admissible weight with a certain functional defined on subsets of ∑ —Z. One main result of this paper states that there is a unique compact set (independent ofn andPn) maximizing this functional that contains the points where the norms of weighted polynomials are attained. The distribution of the zeros of Chebyshev polynomials corresponding to the weights [w(x)]n is also studied. The main theorems give a unified method of investigating many particular examples. Applications to weighted approximation on the real line with respect to a fixed weight are included.
A least squares spectral element method for incompressible flow simulations

Many aerospace products operate in a dynamic flow environment. The structural integrity, performance and development costs of these products are affected by the unsteady flow fields they encounter. In a rocket propulsion system, dynamic loads are attributed as the cause of many life limiting and failure mechanisms. In light of the importance in characterizing the dynamic flow environment, Rocketd~me has initiated a multiyear effort to develop a general purpose computational fluid dynamic analysis system for dynamic load prediction. This system will provide high-fidelity predictive capability through the development of a high order numerical algorithm and utilization of distributed parallel computing. High order methods (spectral accuracy) provide the capability to model complex geometries with high curvature as well as rapidly varying flow fields; parallel computing provides the necessary memory capacity and speed required by large scale computations. The objective of this paper is to highlight the current numerical algorithm and demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy through numerical examples.
Cerium (IV) exchange in mordenite

X-Ray diffraction analysis, surface acidity (Hammett method), H2O and CO2 adsorption of cerium(IV) exchanged H-mordenite are reported.
Band structure of α-Sn, InSb and CdTe including spin-orbit effects

Abstract Full-zone band structures for α-Sn, InSb and CdTe are calculated by the pseudopotential method, with spin-orbit effects included. By empirically fitting the spin-orbit splitting at a selected point, the band structures at other points in the zone are found to agree well with experiment. A comparison with results of k.p calculations is made.
Time Evolution of Current and Deformation of Ion-Exchange Polymer/metal Composite Actuators

This paper describes the development and the numerical analysis of an electrochemical model for the analysis of a novel polymer/metal composite actuator. A general continuum model describing the transport and deformation processes of these actuators is briefly presented, along with a detailed description of the simulation scheme used to predict deformation, current, and mass transport. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental data, indicating a significant role of water transport in the large‐scale deformation. Comparison of the simulations and experimental data showed good agreement confirming the central role of water transport in the deformation process. For the sake of completeness the fabrication process and testing apparatus are also described.
A facile separation of fragments D and E from the fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products of three mammalian species.

Abstract A simple and efficient method of obtaining D and E fragments from the plasmin degradation products of human, canine and bovine fibrinogens and human fibrin is described. The method utilizes QAE-Sephadex for ion-exchange chromatography.
The universe constructed from a sequence of ordinals

We prove that if $V = L [s]$ where $s$ is an $\omega$ -sequence of ordinals then the GCH holds.
Effect of charged lidocaine on static and dynamic properties of model bio-membranes

The effect of the charged lidocaine on the structure and dynamics of DMPC/DMPG (mass fraction of 95/5) unilamellar vesicles has been investigated. Changes in membrane organization caused by the presence of lidocaine were detected through small angle neutron scattering experiments. Our results suggest that the presence of lidocaine in the vicinity of the headgroups of lipid membranes leads to an increase of the area per lipid molecule and to a decrease of membrane thickness. Such changes in membrane structure may induce disordering of the tail group. This scenario explains the reduction of the main transition temperature of lipid membranes, as the fraction of lidocaine per lipid molecules increases, which was evident from differential scanning calorimetry results. Furthermore neutron spin echo spectroscopy was used for the dynamics measurements and the results reveal that presence of charged lidocaine increases the bending elasticity of the lipid membranes in the fluid phase and slows the temperature-dependent change of bending elasticity across the main transition temperature.
Detailed energetic interactions of adsorbed Si dimers on Si(001)

Abstract We investigated adsorbed Si dimers on Si(001) at ∼100°C with atom-tracking STM to determine the effect of various local environments on surface dynamics. Specifically, we find an asymmetry in the dimer diffusion along a buckled A-type step. We also measure dimer repulsion and attraction respectively from in-row and adjacent-row vacancy defects. These findings lend insight into the nature of the dimer–substrate bond and defect structure.
AUTECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE MARINE DIATOM RHIZOSOLENIA FRAGILISSIMA BERGON. II. ENRICHMENT AND DARK VIABILITY EXPERIMENTS1

SUMMARY Nutrient enrichment experiments were conducted with a Narragansett Bay clone of Rhizosolenia fragilissima to examine the potential influence of nutrients in regulating its seasonal cycle in this embayment, and their contribution to its coastal tendencies. Growth rates were measured at 18 C and 1000 ft-c continuous illumination in surface waters enriched in 15 different ways. Narragansett Bay was sampled in March, May, September, and December. Six stations on a transect from this Bay to the Sargasso Sea were sampled during late summer. The data and our previous autecological observations are consistent with the idea that the annual cycle of this species in Narragansett Bay is associated with temperature, chemical “water quality,” and unknown factors. Its absence during late fall and winter may reflect low temperatures and a trace metal (Co, Mo) inadequacy. In early spring, low temperature appears to be the limiting factor, whereas in late spring and early summer trace metals again appear to prevent active growth. A late summer-early autumn bloom occurs periodically during optimal temperature conditions; this can terminate independently of grazing pressure, and in spite of seemingly adequate light-temperature-salinity and phosphate conditions.
Tensile properties of the superior glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments

Recent evidence has shown that the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) and coracohumeral ligament (CHL) are important static stabilizers. To clarify the function of these two ligaments, we studied their tensile properties with bone-ligament-bone complexes from fresh-frozen shoulders, 10 SGHLs and 10 CHLs. Each ligament's cross-sectional area was measured, and uniaxial tensile testing of each complex was performed. The stiffness, ultimate load, percent elongation, and energy absorbed to failure of each bone-ligament-bone complex were derived from its load-elongation curve. The cross-sectional area of the coracohumeral ligament was significantly greater than that of the superior glenohumeral ligament at their midportions (CHL, 53.7±3.2 mm 2 vs. SGHL, 11.3±1.6 mm 2 , p p p
Rolling textures in nanoscale Cu/Nb multilayers

Abstract Rolling textures in nanoscale multilayered thin films are found to differ markedly from textures observed in bulk materials. Multilayered thin films consisting of alternating Cu and Nb layers with columnar grains were produced by magnetron sputtering, with individual layer thickness ranging from 4 μm to 75 nm and Cu/Nb interfaces locally satisfying the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) orientation relations. After rolling to 80% effective strain, samples with a larger initial layer thickness develop a bulk rolling texture while those with a smaller initial layer thickness display co-rotation of Cu and Nb columnar grains about the interface normal, in order to preserve the K–S orientation relations. The resulting K–S texture has 〈0 0 1〉Nb parallel to and 〈1 1 0〉Cu approximately 5° from the rolling direction. A crystal plasticity model based on the Principle of Minimum Shear captures the K–S texture approximately and suggests that Nb drags Cu along in the rotation process.
Crystal structure of sulfur and selenium at pressures up to 160 GPa

Using advanced in situ X-ray diffraction techniques at high pressures and temperatures, we have resolved the long-standing problem of the phase transition sequence of sulfur in its non-metallic state. Our data show that there are only two phases of sulfur stable between 1.5 GPa and pressure of metallization of 86 GPa, S-II with triangular chain structure and S-III with novel squared chain structure. The same squared chain structure is formed in the heavier group-VI element Se at pressures of 20 GPa and temperatures of 450 K. Our X-ray diffraction data on metallic phases of sulfur above 83 GPa show that the S-IV phase has an incommensurately modulated monoclinic structure, the same as recently reported modulated structures of Te-III and Se-IV. S-IV is shown to transform to primitive rhombohedral β-Po phase at 153(3) GPa, the same transition is found in Se at pressure of around 80 GPa.
Techniques for Rearing Laboratory Colonies of Tobacco Hornworms and Pink Bollworms

Larval tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta (L.), were individually reared in polystyrene containers on an artificial diet. The developmental period (egg to adult) was completed in ca. 40 days at 26° C, which allowed production of 9 generations/year. Weights of the 5th stage larvae and pupae ranged from 7.5-9 g and 4.0-5.5 g, respectively. Survival of the immature stages ranged from 94-97%. Cage populations of 50-70 pairs of adults yielded 5000+ eggs/day when night temperatures were maintained at 26-28°C. From 1000-5000 hornworms were produced each week at an estimated cost (excluding labor and overhead) of ca. 30/1000. Colonies of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were also reared on the tobacco hornworm diet. The larvae were reared individually in polystyrene vials covered with polyethylene caps which prevented excessive drying of the larval diet even at low room humidities of 20-30%. Performance of the colony was as good as that of pink bollworms reared on other diets, and microbiol contamination was rarely encountered.
Bitableaux and Zero Sets of Dual Canonical Basis Elements

We state new results concerning the zero sets of polynomials belonging to the dual canonical basis of \({\mathbb{C}[x_1, 1, . . . , x_n, n]}\) . As an application, we show that this basis is related by a unitriangular transition matrix to the simpler bitableau basis popularized by Desarmenien-Kung-Rota. It follows that spaces spanned by certain subsets of the dual canonical basis can be characterized in terms of products of matrix minors, or in terms of their common zero sets.
A test of the revealed-preference phenomenon in congressional elections

This study tests for the existence of a revealed-preference phenomenon in recent congressional elections. A revealed-preference analysis predicts that if candidate one defeats incumbent candidate two, then candidate one has been revealed preferred to candidate two, and can expect to secure higher pluralities in subsequent reelection contests than candidate two would have expected. I collect data on incumbents in 1946–1980 congressional elections to examine this prediction. The data provide qualified support for the presence of a revealed-preference phenomenon. The essay closes with a discussion of the possible connection between the revealed-preference phenomenon and the recent electoral experience of congressional incumbents.
Blood pressure response to the daily stressors of urban environments: Methodology, basic concepts, and significance

Blood pressure is studied in epidemiological and anthropological research as if each person has a single unique value. However, blood pressure is a fluctuating physiological function with significant intraday variability. This paper discusses and describes the methodology and basic concepts of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as it has been employed to assess blood pressure variability in the continuously changing microenvironments of Western urban settings. Across urban microenvironments, blood pressures, on average, are highest while people are at work and are lowest during sleep. Blood pressure is further affected by emotional state and activity (which differ between men and women), the season of the year (winter and summer), and occupation. Differences in daily blood pressure variation also occur between ethnic groups (black versus white). The review also considers whether salt intake and other behavioral factors affect daily blood pressure variation. Finally, the review explores the use of ambulatory pressure monitoring for genetic studies. Before we can conclude that a varying physiological function like blood pressure helps individuals to adapt to changing daily environments, blood pressure must be studied under all daily conditions. If future human populations must adapt to the urban environment, then ambulatory blood pressure technology may be one tool that physical anthropologists can use to elucidate the direction of human evolution.
Characterization of a nuclease from barley shoots

Abstract A nuclease isolated from barley shoots is a nuclease I (EC 3.1.30.2) whose RNase to DNase activity ratio is 11 to 1. It appears to be an exonuclease for RNA since it can hydrolyse about 50% of the molecule with the liberation of 5′-AMP, 5′-GMP and 5′-UMP which appear in the ratio of 1:2.7:1.7. It cannot hydrolyse the cytidylyl 3′-bond. The Mr is 37 000, the isoelectric pH is 4.4, and the energies of activation are for RNA 9.2 kcal/mole and for DNA 22 kcal/mole. The optimum pHs are 6.0 (RNase) and 6.5 (DNase). The enzyme is stable up to 60° and its DNase activity is more sensitive than its RNase activity to pHs above and below 6.5.
Endoscopic Removal of an Impacted Needle with Syringe from the Esophagus

Background: In adults, non-food foreign body ingestions occur more in denture users, incarcerated individuals, and in patients with psychiatric disorders or alcohol intoxication. The majority of the ingested foreign body will pass spontaneously. Sharp or pointed foreign body, animal or fish bones, and magnets increase the risk of perforation. Patient: An incarcerated patient with bipolar disorder swallowed a 14 cm in length needle attached with a syringe three months prior to presentation. The needle penetrated the distal esophagus leading to mediastinitis. Methods: In this video manuscript, we demonstrated endoscopic techniques on how to remove this 14 cm long sharp object. Results: The foreign body was removed uneventfully and mediastinitis resolved with antibiotic treatment.
Capabilities of the Reconfigured Cobra Accelerator

The COBRA accelerator at Cornell University has been reconfigured for use with wire arrays. Design goals included 1 MA peak current with a variable zero to peak current rise-time of as little as 100 ns. COBRA is now driven by two Marx generators, each of which feeds a parallel-plate water capacitor. These capacitors are switched into four parallel pulse-forming lines via self-breaking gas switches. Each pulse-forming line is switched into a vacuum adder via a laser-triggered gas switch that can be independently triggered to provide different pulse shapes to a wire array Z-pinch load. A stainless steel, magnetically insulated current convolute similar to that of the Z-Machine at Sandia National Laboratories connects the output switches to the load. A typical load consists of a 4-8 wire cylindrical array with a diameter of 1.6 cm and a height of 2 cm. To date the refurbished COBRA has over 300 shots. These shots have been used for various reasons including machine diagnostic calibration, laser-triggered switch timing and self breaking switch adjustments as well as experiments with cylindrical wire array and high current X-pinch loads.
Colonization Time and Substratum Relief as Factors in the Uptake of Algae from the Water Column

ABSTRACT Experiments were performed to determine the potential for benthic assemblage age and substrate relief to influence the uptake of algae from the water column. In a laboratory flume system, mosaics of assemblages of six different ages or two different heights were formed on tiles from a common seed stock and exposed to five different algal species stained with DTAF, a fluorescent stain. Some of the flumes were impacted further by three spate events during development. Samples were removed, and transects were examined under a fluorescent microscope for DTAF-stained cells. There was a significant age effect for all species, and a significant spate effect for the unicellular species. After 13 days of growth, there was no statistically significant difference in the uptake of DTAF-stained cells between high and low tiles. Assemblage age appears to be a factor in the incorporation of cells from the water column, while the ability of a developing assemblage to eliminate small differences in substrate roug...
A monoclonal antibody reactive with a subset of human plasma cells.

Summary A mouse monoclonal antibody (Rl-3) raised against a human plasmacytoma xenograft and reactive with human plasma cells is described. The antibody reacts with a subset of plasma cells and lymphocytes, but is nonreactive with granulocytes, normoblasts, thymus, spleen or T lymphocytes. Flow cytometer double labelling experiments showed that approximately 50% of Rl-3 positive bone marrow cells expressed surface immunoglobulin, but no Rl-3 positive cells also expressed B1 or Leu 4. In a myeloma patient the R1-3 reactive cells were found to have a higher rate of DNA proliferation and were aneuploid as determined by flow cytometry. The R1-3 antigen is expressed on late B lymphocytes and early plasma cells.
Traceability Challenge 2013: Query+ enhancement for semantic tracing (QuEST): Software verification and validation research laboratory (SVVRL) of the University of Kentucky

We present the process and methods applied in undertaking the Traceability Challenge in addressing the Ubiquitous Grand Challenge, Research Project 3. Terms contained within queries (along with document collection terms, hence the “+”) have been enhanced to include semantic tags that indicate whether a term represents an action or an agent. This information is obtained by calling the Senna semantic role labeling tool. The standard TF-IDF component in TraceLab is then used to recover trace links. The QuEST method was applied to four datasets. Results based on the provided answer sets show that QuEST improved Mean Average Precision (MAP) for two artifact pairs of two of the datasets when the artifacts used natural language, but generally did not outperform unaugmented datasets not using natural language. We provide insights on this finding.
Orthotopic heart transplantation in a child with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy

We report a case of histiocytoid cardiomyopathy in a 30-month-old child. This rare disorder has been identified in <100 patients worldwide and no previous reports of cardiac transplantation with this condition have been identified. We reviewed the clinical and pathologic findings and compared them to previous studies.
Determination of quantitative cation distribution in orthopyroxenes from electronic absorption spectra

Electronic and Mossbauer absorption spectra and electron microprobe data are correlated for iron-bearing orthopyroxenes. The correlation provides a means of quantitatively determining the distribution of Fe2+ between the M(1) and M(2) sites of orthopyroxene crystals from electronic spectra and electron microprobe analysis. The electronic spectra are used to analyze the changes in the Fe2+ distribution produced during heating experiments and confirm earlier results from Mossbauer spectra. Two components of the spin-allowed transition of Fe2+ in the M(1) site are identified at about 13,000 cm−1 and 8,500 cm−1 in γ. Molar absorptivity (ɛ) values for all spin-allowed Fe2+ absorption bands in the near-infrared region are determined. The M(2) Fe2+ band at ∼5,000 cm−1 in β is the analytically most useful for site occupancy determinations. It remains linear with concentration (ɛ=9.65) over the entire compositional range. The band at ∼10,500 cm−1 in α is the most sensitive to M(2) Fe2+ concentration (ɛ=40.8), but deviates from linearity at high iron concentrations. The origins of spin-forbidden transitions in the visible region are examined.
Rip channel development on nonbarred beaches: The importance of a lag in suspended-sediment transport

[1] On approximately planar beaches, rip channel development is often preceded by a period in which jet-like rip currents develop in apparently random locations, and dissipate after minutes to tens of minutes. The subsequent development of sharp-edged, trough-like channels extending across the surf zone suggests that rip currents on planar beaches cause local erosion. Conversely, channels are known to cause localized offshore-directed flow, and once channels have formed on approximately planar beaches, rip currents no longer occur in apparently random locations, but are restricted to the locations of the channels. Apparently, the excavation of channels by rip currents on planar beaches triggers a positive feedback between the morphological development and the flow. However, theoretical analysis indicates that, when depth increases with distance from shore, and sediment transport is treated as a function only of local flow conditions, channel development in the vicinity of a rip current may not occur. In numerical simulations (using a “cellular” model of nonbathymetrically driven rip currents) in which sediment flux on a planar beach is driven by approximately realistic rip current velocity patterns, deposition occurs under parts of the rip currents (especially in the seaward half of the surf zone), and these “rip ridges” cause a negative feedback. In these simulations, as in most models treating surf zone sediment transport, sediment flux is assumed to be strictly a function of local hydrodynamic conditions. However, Observations of sediment-laden rip-current plumes extending well beyond the surf zone suggest that suspended sediment transport is not always in equilibrium with local conditions. Other simulations employ a treatment of suspended-sediment transport that allows for a lag in the adjustment of fluxes to the changes in local hydrodynamic conditions that the sediment is advected through. With this nonlocal sediment-transport, the flux of sediment out of the surf zone in a rip current is increased, ridges do not develop under any part of the rip currents, and the morphodynamic feedback becomes positive.
Thermal and Injection Annealing of Neutron-Irradiated p-Type Silicon between 76°K and 300°K

Measurements of minority carrier lifetime damage constant and divacancy growth following neutron irradiation at 76°K have been used to characterize further the annealing of neutron damage in silicon below 300°K. It has been shown that electron injection into p-type silicon at 76°K causes recovery of the neutron induced defect clusters with the simultaneous appearance of divacancies. Comparison of isochronal annealing curves of damage constant taken with and without prior injection at 76°K illustrates the nature of cluster annealing below 300°K. The thermal annealing results are shown to agree with previous annealing measurements of the carrier removal rate.
Nephrotoxicity of bromobenzene in mice.

Abstract I.p. administration of bromobenzene to male mice at doses ranging from 0 to 9.4 mmol kg resulted in a dose-dependent increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity and a decrease in renal cortical accumulation of para-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). Induction of renal and hepatic mixed-function oxidases by β-naphthoflavone (BNF) did not result in any alterations in the hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic response to bromobenzene. Renal and hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) concentrations were decreased significantly 1 h after administration of bromobenzene (7.5 mmol kg ) and were maximally depleted in both organs to 18% of control after 7 h. Depletion of renal NPSH by bromobenzene was dose-dependent up to 9.4 mmol kg . Treatment of mice with diethyl maleate (DEM) (0.6 ml kg ) 60 min prior to bromobenzene administration resulted in greater hepatotoxicity, evidenced by increased SGPT, while renal toxicity was unchanged. These data demonstrate that large doses of bromobenzene produce functional alterations in the kidney.