cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partnering With Families of Medically Complex Children Transitioning From the Hospital to Home.

* Abbreviation: CAITLYNN — : Creating and Applying Individualized Transition Plans: Learning Your New Normal Children with medical complexity are known to have increased safety concerns around discharge and their transition home.1–3 These patients have multiple diagnoses, medications, and equipment and have high-acuity conditions that require close and constant monitoring. The home environment for these children resembles a hospital critical care unit to manage their chronic and acute conditions. Families are responsible to provide high-level care, including clinical assessment and life-saving interventions, to their children around the clock, similar to the care they would receive by expert clinicians on a high-acuity unit or ICU. The Creating and Applying Individualized Transition Plans: Learning Your New Normal (CAITLYNN) Program uses family experiences to address the increased care requirements and safety concerns associated with the transition from the hospital to the home setting. ### A Parent Experience: Sue McCarthy Our world seemed complete after the birth of our third child. We had 2 healthy boys at home and just welcomed our daughter, Caitlin. At the age of 6 months, our daughter presented with severe gastroesophageal reflux and failure to thrive. She had a muscle biopsy, which confirmed she had mitochondrial disease, and then at the age of 5 came a second diagnosis of Rett syndrome. For her, these diagnoses would be lifelong, affecting several organ systems and requiring multiple surgeries for life-saving interventions. Over the years, we found that for Caitlin even a small change in vitals required a hospital admission. Caitlin had a gastrostomy tube placed when she was 10 months old. We then had to replace her bottles with a feeding pump and administer her nutrition through a surgically placed button … Address correspondence to Denise Currier, MSN, RN, CPNP, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston MA 02115. E-mail: Denise.currier{at}childrens.harvard.edu
Patent Law: An Open-Source Casebook (Chapter 6: Obviousness)

Less than a handful of casebooks are truly open source, in the sense of being fully modifiable. Patent Law: An Open-Source Casebook is the first patent law casebook that provides adopting professors, students, and others the ability to fully modify its contents. This chapter of the casebook covers obviousness, including the history of the doctrine in the United States, the Graham framework and secondary factors, and the modern obviousness analysis under KSR and subsequent cases.
Batch-Fabricated Substrate-Embedded K a Band Self-Biased Circulators Using Screen-Printed Strontium Hexaferrite/PDMS Composite

In this work, we report a K a band self-biased microwave circulator using a strontium hexaferrite (SrM) / polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite fabricated with a low-temperature (70 °C), packaging-compatible, screen-printing process. The magnetic composite shows a ferromagnetic resonance frequency (FMR) of 44.3 GHz. A millimeter wave circulator completely embedded in a Rogers 5880 substrate with a thickness of 254 µm and a total area of 33 mm2 is designed, fabricated, and characterized. At an operational frequency of 37.2 GHz, the measured insertion loss (IL) and isolation (IS) of the circulator are 5.4 dB and 22.2 dB, respectively. The measurement results match with the simulation results from High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and compare favorably with those of other magnetic circulators from literature.
Hunting Practices at an Historic Plains Indian Village: Kansa Ethnoarchaeology and Faunal Analysis

Ethnohistoric records document the importance of horticulture and bison hunting at the Blue Earth village, a Kansa Indian site of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. An analysis of ...
Therapeutic transdermal drug innovation from 2000 to 2014: current status and outlook.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first transdermal drug over 35 years ago. Today, transdermal products represent a growing, multibillion dollar market. From 2000 to 2014, an average of 2.6 new transdermal drug were approved each year. However, only two of these approvals represented new molecular entities (NMEs). Furthermore, none of these approvals were designated for priority review by the FDA. Currently, transdermal drugs are limited in scope to fewer than 20 clinical indications. The past decade has seen significant safety, performance, and cost issues surrounding multiple transdermal drug products. As the field moves towards more complex drug–device combinations to overcome the natural barrier function of the skin, there will likely be more regulatory challenges, but also the potential for broader clinical scope.
Immunology in transition 1951–1972: the role of international meetings and discipline leaders1

This chapter discusses the sociological contributions to the development of immunology to include an analysis of disciplinary leadership. It also cast light on some of the more modern trends in subdiscipline formation. The immunology in transition from 1951 to 1972 is significant because this was the era of most rapid change in immunology. Changes resulted from, and also encouraged, the entry into the field of a new generation of investigators. There were other manifestations of this burst of activity in immunology. It was accompanied by a new phase of organization of the scientific discipline, and many new national immunological societies were founded. The broad boundaries of a discipline like immunology make the identification of meetings appropriate for inclusion in this study somewhat ambiguous. It also analyzes the disciplinary structure and dynamics of immunology in terms of immunological meetings and their participants; many were immediately excluded for lack of published proceedings. Among these are a number of significant series of informal “workshops,” which played an important part in defining the several subdisciplines of immunology.
Job retention and breast cancer: employee perspectives and implications for rehabilitation planning

The article presents four case studies of employed women who have had breast cancer. Specifically, the authors examine respondents' career maintenance concerns in the areas of (a) worksite accessibility, (b) performance of essential job functions, (c) job mastery, and (d) job satisfaction. Post-employment strategies are presented to assist rehabilitation professionals in meeting the on-the-job needs of women with breast cancer.
Efficient operation of coded packet networks

A fundamental problem faced in the design of almost all packet networks is that of efficient operation---of reliably communicating given messages among nodes at minimum cost in resource usage. We present a solution to the efficient operation problem for coded packet networks, i.e., packet networks where the contents of outgoing packets are arbitrary, causal functions of the contents of received packets. Such networks are in contrast to conventional, routed packet networks, where outgoing packets are restricted to being copies of received packets and where reliability is provided by the use of retransmissions. This thesis introduces four considerations to coded packet networks: (1) efficiency, (2) the lack of synchronization in packet networks, (3) the possibility of broadcast links, and (4) packet loss. We take these considerations and give a prescription for operation that is novel and general, yet simple, useful, and extensible. We separate the efficient operation problem into two smaller problems, which we call network coding---the problem of deciding what coding operation each node should perform given the rates at which packets are injected on each link---and subgraph selection---the problem of deciding those rates. Our main contribution for the network coding problem is to give a scheme that achieves the maximum rate of a multicast connection tinder the given injection rates. As a consequence, the separation of network coding and subgraph selection results in no loss of optimality provided that we are constrained to only coding packets within a single connection. Our main contribution for the subgraph selection problem is to give distributed algorithms that optimally solve the single-connection problem under certain assumptions. Since the scheme we propose for network coding can easily be implemented in a distributed manner, we obtain, by combining the solutions for each of the smaller problems, a distributed approach to the efficient operation problem. We assess the performance of our solution for three problems: minimum-transmission wireless unicast minimum-weight wireline multicast, and minimum-energy wireless multicast. We find that our solution has the potential to offer significant efficiency improvements over existing techniques in routed packet networks, particularly for multi-hop wireless networks. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Eyes of the world be free; you have nothing to lose but your chains

DiCarlo and Maunsell show that neuronal responses in the inferotemporal cortex remain the same whether an animal is fixating or making eye movements. This reassures us that measurements made under reduced conditions generalize to real-world situations.
The frontopolar cortex and human cognition: Evidence for a rostrocaudal hierarchical organization within the human prefrontal cortex.

Numerous brain lesion and functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that the dorsolateral and frontopolar prefrontal regions are involved in complex cognitive processes subserving thought and memory. However, previously proposed functional subdivisions of prefrontal function have concentrated predominantly on posterior prefrontal cortex, including the dorsolateral, ventral, and medial regions. Far less consideration has been given to characterizing the psychological processes mediated by the frontopolar cortex. Here we review published neuroimaging studies of reasoning and episodic memory, two domains in which the frontopolar cortex has been frequently activated. The results suggest that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved when externally generated information is being evaluated, whereas the frontopolar cortex becomes recruited when internally generated information needs to be evaluated. A hierarchical model of prefrontal function is proposed in which dorsolateral and frontopolar regions are serially recruited as a reasoning or memory task requires evaluation of internally generated information.
In-phase reflection and EM wave suppression characteristics of electromagnetic band gap ground planes

The reflection phases of incident plane waves on EBG surfaces are found and compared for mushroom-like EBG and UC-EBG structures. It is noticed that the in-phase reflection phase occurs at a lower frequency for mushroom-like than the UC-EBG for the same cell size. A suspended stripline over an EBG ground plane is used to model the EM wave suppression characteristics of EBG structures. The drop in S21 shows a clear band gap for EM wave suppression; however this region does not match with the resonant frequency of the normal incident for the mushroom like structure because of the dependence of resonant frequency on polarization and angle of the incident wave. It is found that the resonant frequency of an obliquely incident TM matches well with the band gap result of the suspended strip.
A Novel Approach to Monodisperse, Luminescent Silica Spheres

Monodisperse aminopropylsilica spheres were grown via a modified Stober process with varying amounts of tetraethyl orthosilicate and (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). Upon calcination, the spheres become luminescent, with the emission maximum dependent on the original APTES concentration. This provides a simple one-step route to gram-scale quantities of tailorable, luminescent, monodisperse silica spheres.
Using pulse shape discrimination to sort individual energy deposition events in a germanium crystal

A fast digital oscilloscope based pulse shape discrimination (PSD) system has been tested with intrinsic germanium detectors large enough to allow ionizing events which generate localized electron-hole pairs at a single site to be segregated from those depositing energy at several different sites in the crystal. Drift velocities of the electrons and holes result in pulses several hundred nanoseconds long. Since the electric field varies by almost a factor of 10 between the outer and inner surfaces, collection of electrons and holes can frequently be dinstinguished, and pulses due to multi-site events can be distinguished from single site events.
The steady-state reaction of CO2-H2 mixtures with liquid copper at 1423 K

Measurements have been made of the steady-state oxygen activity in liquid copper at 1423 K in flowing CO2-H2 gas mixtures. For CO2/H2 ratios varying between 0.25 and 6.0, it is found that the steady-state oxygen activity, expressed aspO 2, is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude below that consistent with complete water-gas equilibrium. The results are interpreted in terms of the consecutive reactions CO2(g) → O(ad) + CO(g) and H2(g) + O(ad) → H2O(g) as the rate determining steps. Consistency of the results with recent surface tension studies of Cu-O alloys is found. The study indicates that the rate of dissociation of H2O(g) is approximately 2 1/2 times higher than the rate of dissociation of CO2 at the bare copper surface at 1423 K.
Determination of urinary and plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine by coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatography with C8 and C18 stationary phases.

Abstract This paper describes a rapid, simple and sensitive method for measurement of l -dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in biological fluids. The method uses a two step frontal-chromatographic clean-up, followed by coupled minibore HPLC with electrochemical detection. The use of phenylboronate removes the peaks that interfere with the detection of DOPA. Inclusion of [14C]DOPA corrects for any variability in recovery.
Translaminar versus pedicle screw fixation of C2: comparison of surgical morbidity and accuracy of 313 consecutive screws.

OBJECTIVE: C2 translaminar (TL) screws rigidly capture the posterior elements of C2, avoid risk of vertebral artery injury, and are less technically demanding than C2 pedicle (PD) screws. However, a C2-TL screw breach places the spinal cord at risk, and the durability of C2-TL screws remains unknown. It is unclear ifTL versus PD screw fixation of C2 is truly associated with less operative morbidity, greater accuracy of screw place- ment, or equivalent durability. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 167 consecutive patients under- going posterior cervical fusion with either PD orTL screw fixation of C2. Perioperative morbidity, breach of the C2 lamina or pedicle on postoperative computed tomographic scans, and rates of operative revision were compared between PD and TL screw con- structs in axial (C1―C2 or C1―C3) and subaxial (C2 and caudal) cervical fusions. RESULTS: In total, 152 C2-TL screws and 161 C2-PD screws were placed in 167 patients. Thirty-one (19%) cases of axial cervical fusion (C1―C2 or C1―C3) were performed (mean age, 63.8 ± 20.6 years) with either C2-TL (16 [52%]) or C2-PD (15 [48%]) screw fixation. One hundred thirty - six (81 %) cases of subaxial cervical fusion (C2-caudal) were performed (mean age, 57.9 ± 14.7 years) with either C2-TL (66 [49%]) or C2-PD (70 [51 %]) screw fixation. For both axial and subaxial cervical fusions, baseline patient characteristics and all measures of perioperative morbidity were similar between C2- TL and C2-PD screw cohorts. In total, 11 (7%) PD screws breached the pedicle (0 requir- ing acute revision) versus only 2 (1.3%) TL screws that breached the C2 lamina (1 requir- ing acute revision) (P = 0.018). By 1 year postoperatively, pseudoarthrosis or screw pullout requiring reoperation was required in 4 (6.1 %) patients with C2-TL screws versus 0 (0%) patients with PD screws (P < 0.05 for subaxial constructs). No cases of C2-TL or C2-PD axial fusion required reoperation or screw pullout or pseudoarthrosis. CONCLUSION: In our experience, radiographic breach of C2 pedicle screws occurred more frequently than C2 laminar screw breach. However, this was not associated with an increase in morbidity. By 12 months postoperatively, C2-TL screws were associated with a greater incidence of operative revision when used in subaxial constructs but similarly effective for axial cervical constructs. The 1-year durability of C2-TL screws might be inferior to C2 pedicle screws for subaxial fusions, but equally effective for axial cervical fusions.
Exposure‐Response Analyses of the Effects of Pregabalin in Patients With Fibromyalgia Using Daily Pain Scores and Patient Global Impression of Change

Data from 4 phase 2/3 studies were pooled to characterize the exposure response of daily pregabalin (150-600 mg) in patients with fibromyalgia using self-assessed daily pain scores (PAIN) and end-of-treatment patient global impression of change (PGIC). The exposure responses of both endpoints were characterized by an Emax model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM). Drug effect on PAIN relative to placebo was significant with additional maximum effect of 1.51 points on the logit scale and EC50 of 1.54 ng/mL (dose of 174 mg) and a rapid onset (half-life of 11 hours), consistent with the half-life of the drug. The decrease in PAIN with placebo occurred more slowly, reaching maximum response (1.52 points on the logit scale) after 1 month. Drug response in fibromyalgia was dependent on age and sex, with greater PAIN reduction in older patients, in addition to the effect of creatinine clearance, and in females. For PGIC, administration of pregabalin resulted in an increase in the proportion of patients reporting improvement with an ED50 of 228 mg. The analyses support the recommended dose of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia of 300 to 450 mg/d.
Affinity of nonhomologous amphiphilic peptides toward a monoclonal antibody raised against apolipoprotein A‐I

Monoclonal antibodies against human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) were generated by the hybridoma technique. Clone G-10 was selected on the basis of its highest titer. The affinity of this antibody toward a series of synthetic peptides differing in length, amino acid composition, and amphiphilicity was tested by using both the indirect and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent techniques (ELISA). From these measurements we calculated dissociation constants of the complexes of the antibody with apoA-I bound to the surface of the microtiter plate, apoA-I in solution, and any of the several peptides in solution. The dissociation constant (Kd) of the immobilized apoA-I/anti-apoA-I-complex, Kd = 2 x 10(-9) M, was significantly lower than that of the complex resulting from the interaction between anti-apoA-I and either apoA-I in solution or any of the several amphiphilic helical peptides in solution. Peptides devoid of amphiphilic secondary structure were inert. These data are consistent with the proposal that monoclonal G-10 recognizes in antigenic peptides an alpha-helical secondary structure of defined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and comparatively less the specific amino acid side chains. We propose that the highest contribution to the free energy of binding (8 Kcal/mole) is derived from the docking of the helix to the antibody. It follows that in probing the specificity of a monoclonal antibody the conformation and the physical environment of the interacting antigen must be taken into account.
Studies on the metabolism of calciferol. XIV: Evidence of a circadian rhythm in the activity of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase.

Abstract The regulated production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 by the renal enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -1α-hydroxylase is known to be positively related to the calcium needs of the chick. The activity of this enzyme is now shown to exhibit a circadian-like rhythmicity with peak periods occurring every 20–26 hours. This rhythmicity in activity appears to be affected by the external light/dark cycle to which the birds are exposed.
The insertion and extrusion of heterosulfur bridges. XV. S-bridging of 2,2′-binaphthyl and 1-(2-naphthyl)cyclohexene. Studies on hydrodehalogenation during the reaction†

Regioselectivity occurs in the sulfur-bridging reactions of 2,2′-binaphthyl (1) and 1-(2-naphthyl)cyclohexene (7) by means of hydrogen sulfide and a chromia-alumina-magnesia catalyst (designated I) in a flow apparatus at 550°. Thus, 1 gives a higher yield (6.1%) of dinaphtho[1,2–6:2′,l'-d]thiophene from 1,1′-bridging than of dinaphtho[1,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (3.4%) from l,3′-bridging. No product expected from 3,3′-bridging was identified. Substrate 7 undergoes both dehydrogenation and bridging to yield 2-phenylnaphthalene (8%), benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene (9%) from alpha bridging, and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]thiophene (3%) from beta bridging into the naphthalene ring. Exploratory studies showed that either sulfided catalyst I or a sulfided molybdenum(VI) oxide-alumina-cobalt(II) oxide catalyst (II) effects hydrodehalogenation of various monohalo- and polyhaloarenes (where halo, X, is chloro or bromo) at 450–550°. In the biphenyl, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and pyrene systems, halogen was lost either under sulfur-bridging conditions or under hydrogenolysis conditions, i.e. with methanol as a reactant. For every substrate the parent arene was isolated or identified as a reaction product. In selected experiments, acid HX was also identified in the effluent. Use of hydrogen sulfide as a reactant led to formation of dibenzothiophene and phenanthro[4,5-bcd]thiophene as main products in the biphenyl and phenanthrene systems, respectively; while use of methanol as a reactant gave small amounts of methyl bromide (for X = Br) and methylarenes.
Recovery of piece-wise planar and piece-wise rigid models from nonrigid motion

We present a framework for estimating 3D relative structure (shape) and motion given objects undergoing non-rigid deformation as observed from a fixed camera, under perspective projection. Deforming surfaces are approximated as piece-wise planar, and piece-wise rigid. Robust registration methods allow tracking of corresponding image patches from view to view and recovery of 3D shape despite occlusions, discontinuities, and varying illumination conditions. Many relatively small planar/rigid image patch trackers are scattered throughout the image; resulting estimates of structure and motion at each patch are combined over local neighborhoods via an oriented particle systems formulation. Preliminary experiments have been conducted on real image sequences of deforming objects and on synthetic sequences where ground truth is known.
ODK tables: building easily customizable information applications on Android devices

ODK Tables is an Android app that allows users to enter and curate tabular data. Users can explore the data through a variety of built-in views or build custom views using HTML/JavaScript. It also supports the linking of multiple data tables. Data values can be updated in a variety of ways, including using mobile data collection tools such as ODK Collect, that support rich data types including multi-media, or by communicating with low-cost phones over SMS. Additionally, ODK Tables supports a simple synchronization scheme appropriate for a distributed workforce and backed up on cloud servers. The goal of ODK Tables is to lower barriers to developing customized information applications by making it easy to customize data views using standard web technologies that do not require recompilation. Our experience in working with many organizations in the developing world led us to make feature choices based on their input (through an on-line survey) with particular consideration to the potential pool of developers available. In this paper, we report on our implementation of ODK Tables and some of its performance parameters. We have designed it to be a flexible solution for a variety of use cases, including logistics management, public health, and environment monitoring where previously collected data is often revisited and updated.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymer Thin‐Films Under Thermal Stresses

Stresses and deformation in microelectronic packaging are affected by the viscoelastic behavior of polymer materials during manufacture or operation. Predicting and measuring these thermo‐mechanical effects is important for new devices, components, and materials. The viscoelastic response of Nycoa 851 polyimide thin‐films during thermal loading is investigated. The time‐dependent relaxation of polyimide films was measured in‐situ, focusing on the change in thermo‐mechanical properties based on the thickness of the polyimide layer. The curvature change of the multilayer structure (silver‐polyimide‐quartz heterostructure) was obtained for different temperatures and polymer film thicknesses. The polyimide relaxation time constant and activation energy were determined. Results indicate that the thermo‐mechanical properties of polyimide thin films are dependent on the thickness of the polymer layer.
Investigation of the ground state in UxTh1−xRu2Si2

Abstract Anomalous ln T-dependence of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat divided by temperature, and electrical resistivity have been reported for UxTh1−xRu2Si2, x ≤ 0.07. We have attempted to elucidate the formation of the ground state in these alloys by systematic investigation of the trends in transport, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties for more concentrated U-alloys, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.17. In particular, we believe, our results reveal proximity of magnetism to a new ground state in these alloys.
Complex and real unconventional Bose-Einstein condensations in high orbital bands

We perform a theoretical study on the recently observed unconventional Bose-Einstein condensations (UBEC) in the high bands of optical lattices. These exotic states are characterized by complex-valued condensate wave functions with nodal points or real-valued wave functions with nodal lines; thus, they are beyond the ``no-node'' theorem of conventional BECs. A quantum phase transition is driven by the competition between the single-particle band and interaction energies. The complex UBECs spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry, exhibiting a vortex-antivortex lattice structure.
A Kronecker rank theorem for two-dimensional non-causal systems

A novel Hankel theory is developed for non-causal multidimensional linear shift invariant systems. It is shown that the rank of a generalized Hankel operator is related in a fundamental way to the rationality of a multidimensional system's transfer function. This theorem may be viewed as a generalization of Kronecker's ID theorem. These results suggest a new algorithm for multidimensional system identification from impulse response measurements.
Mechanical reliability in electronic packaging

Abstract The dramatic increase in the number of devices and functionality of the latest ultra large scale integration designs have resulted in increasing chip size. Concurrently, to achieve higher circuit board component densities, package dimensions have been shrinking. These two competing trends are leading to ever more rigorous requirements on the mechanical characteristics of the packaging technology. The dominant issue in component level reliability is delamination and cracks initiated at the interface between dissimilar materials. In board level reliability, solder joint reliability is a primary issue. This paper describes the methodology of prediction and the explanation for interfacial delamination, cracks at the top of the interfaces and the edge of corner, and also solder joint reliability. This paper furthermore presents the role of the chip backside contamination affecting interfacial delamination, the surface characterizations and an explanation of the interface chemistry, and the strength of solders with a variety of plating materials for Sn–Ag-based lead free solders.
Fetal fibronectin as a predictor of preterm birth in patients with symptoms: a multicenter trial.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine whether the presence of fetal fibronectin in vaginal secretions of patients with symptoms suggestive of preterm labor predicts preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Patients who were examined at the hospital between 24 weeks' and 34 weeks 6 days' gestation with intact membranes, no prior tocolysis, symptoms suggestive of preterm labor, and cervical dilation RESULTS: A total of 763 patients had fetal fibronectin results and pregnancy outcome data available for analysis. Fetal fibronectin was detected in specimens from 150 (20%) patients. Compared with patients who had negative results, patients who had positive results for fetal fibronectin were more likely to be delivered within 7 days (relative risk 25.9 [95% confidence interval 7.8 to 86]), within 14 days (relative risk 20.4 [95% confidence interval 8.0 to 53]), and before 37 completed weeks (relative risk 2.9 [95% confidence interval 2.2 to 3.7]). The negative predictive values for delivery within 7 days, within 14 days, and at 1 cm (odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 5.2), and tocolysis (odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval 2.8 to 7.2) were all independently associated with delivery before 37 weeks. CONCLUSION: In a population of patients with symptoms, the presence of fetal fibronectin in vaginal secretions best defines a subgroup at increased risk for delivery within 7 days; the high negative predictive value of fetal fibronectin sampling supports less intervention for patients with this result.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:13-8)
Stimulus control of anticipatory nausea in cancer chemotherapy.

Abstract A single subject ABA design was used to evaluate the effect of a stimulus manupulation on anticipatory nausea. A lemon solution was orally administered to a 61-year-old female oncology patient in order to mask taste sensations thought to function as a conditioned stimulus eliciting anticipatory symptoms during chemotherapy. A decrease in anticipatory symptoms was observed with the introduction of the taste masking agent and was maintained following withdrawal of the agent.
AUDIT OF QUALITY OF DENTAL CARE; A PILOT-STUDY*

Dr. Friedman, with the cooperation of Dr. Schoen, has engaged in an intriguing study of the possibility for evaluating the quality of dental treatment through an examination of patients’records and radiographs.
Histologic study on the effects of fluorine administered in dry and moist diets on teeth of young albino rat.

The histologic effects of a fluorine-containing diet on the incisor teeth of rats have been previously reported by Bergara (1929), Chanales (1930), Pachaly (1932), Bethke, Kick, Hall and Chase (1933) and Schour and Smith (1934). The effects of fluorine injections on the rat incisor and its surrounding tissues were initially reported by Schour and Smith (1934). The reader is referred to Schour and Smith (1934) who have carefully summarized the findings of the various authors. Since the demonstration by the latter authors of the extreme sensitivity of the dental structures to fluorine toxicosis, the rat incisor has been employed by later investigators as a testing medium for various studies in experimental fluorosis. However, in these investigations only the outward gross changes of the incisors have been used for bases of criteria (DeEds and Thomas 1934, Ellis and Maynard 1936, Evans and Philips 1939, Hodge, Luce-Clausen and Brown 1939, Sharpless 1936 and Smith and Leverton 1934). Detailed histologic study, especially of the formative organs of the tooth, has been more or less neglected. Among the more recent literature, the dental histopathology of experimental fluorosis has been reported by Sutro (1935), Ohnell, Westin and Hjiirre (1936) and Brinch (1937). Schour and Smith (1934) and Schour and Hoffman (1939) have also shown, as a result of fluorine injections, that the incremental lines in the enamel and dentin in the rat incisor are indicative of zones of daily growth, 16 microns per day. Both the enamel and the dentin show a pair of light (hypo) and dark (hyper) in-
LIE algops and simple lie algebras

Pairs (A, L) with A a commutative algebra and L a Lie algebra acting on A by derivations, called Lie algops, are studied as algebraic structures over arbitrary fields of arbitrary characteristic. L...
Laparoscopic Resection of a Pheochromocytoma at the Organ of Zuckerkandl in a 13-year old child

Presented is a case of a 13 year old boy who was seen by his pediatrician with complaints of profuse sweating and intermittent headaches. A routine blood pressure measurement at that time was markedly elevated at 180/110 mmHg. A 24-hour urinary catecholamine evaluation was positive for the presence of metanephrines. Serum samples confirmed the presence of high levels of circulating catecholamines, suggesting the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma. An MRI of the abdomen was obtained which demonstrated the presence of a 5 cm mass between the iliac arteries behind the rectum. An (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan revealed an enhancing lesion at the Organ of Zuckerkandl with no other lesions present. The diagnosis of an extra adrenal pheochromocytoma was established. After appropriate pharmacologic adrenergic blockade, the patient was brought to the operating room for a laparoscopic resection. The accompanying video illustrates a laparoscopic resection of a pheochromocytoma at the Organ of Zuckerkandl using a 10-mm port for the umbilicus and 3 5-mm working ports. The working ports were placed in the left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant, and right lower quadrant. The mass was removed using an Endocatch bag through an extension of the umbilical incision. The patient tolerated the procedure quite well, and the patient was started on a clear liquid diet on post-operative day number one. The patient was discharged home on post-operative day number three, tolerating a regular diet, and and oral pain medicine. The patient is currently symptom free with normal catecholamine levels 12 months after surgery.
Gastric myoelectrical activity in maximum satiety in patients with functional dyspepsia

Purpose: Functional dyspepsia is a common clinical syndrome consisting of recurrent or persistent abdominal symptoms of epigastric pain and fullness, early satiety, nausea, and|[sol]|or vomiting in the absence of organic disease. Gastric myoelectrical abnormalities as well as impaired accommodation of the proximal stomach have been reported in high proportion of patients with functional dyspepsia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric myoelectrical activity at maximum satiety in patients with functional dyspepsia compared to healthy subjects.
Familial Renal Carcinoma: Clinical Evaluation, Clinical Subtypes and Risk of Renal Carcinoma Development

Purpose: Familial renal carcinoma is defined as families with 2 or more individuals with renal cell carcinoma without evidence of known hereditary renal carcinoma syndromes. To better characterize this familial cancer we reviewed renal carcinoma families evaluated at the National Cancer Institute between 1990 and 2004 to identify distinctive features of these families. We also determined the risk of renal carcinoma in first-degree relatives of affected family members.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 141 at risk asymptomatic relatives of affected individuals from 50 families with 2 or more members with renal carcinoma. Histology slides of renal tumors from affected family members were reviewed. At risk members from renal carcinoma families were screened for occult renal neoplasms by renal ultrasound and computerized tomography. DNA from select families was tested for germline mutations of known renal carcinoma genes when clinically indicated and constitutional cytogenetic analysis was performed to searc...
Clinical and economic outcomes associated with olanzapine for the treatment of psychotic symptoms in a county mental health population.

Abstract Background: The comparatively high acquisition costs of the newer antipsychotic medications have caused the mental health community to look closely at their potential benefits. Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a naturalistic analysis of changes in mental health service utilization, economic costs, and clinical outcomes after the initiation of olanzapine therapy for psychotic symptoms in an indigent patient population from a large county-operated mental health care system. Methods: This was a prospective, uncontrolled investigation using a mirror-image cohort design. All captured costs from patients who began olanzapine therapy between November 1, 1996, and April 30, 1998, were analyzed in an intent-to-treat fashion to compare resource utilization in the 12 months immediately before and after the intervention. Clinical function was assessed at baseline and 6 months using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). In a subgroup analysis, the baseline characteristics of patients who completed 12 months of olanzapine treatment were compared with those of patients who (1) changed medication or (2) changed payor source or were lost to follow-up. Results: One hundred eighty-nine patients were started on olanzapine treatment during the 18-month study entry phase. Patients were primarily male (63.5%) and had a mean age of 35.9 years. Most (66.3%) had a formal diagnosis of thought disorder. Fifty-six patients received olanzapine for 12 consecutive months, and 22 were switched to other psychotropic medications. Of the remaining 111 patients, 70 changed payors (ie, qualified for Medicaid), and 41 were lost to follow-up. In the subgroup analysis, patients who completed 12 months of treatment (ie, responders) had significantly lower mean PANSS total scores at baseline compared with those who changed payors or were lost to follow-up ( P = 0.047), and were significantly more likely to have a formal diagnosis of thought disorder ( P = 0.039). Responders demonstrated a significant reduction in PANSS total and negative subscale scores at 6-month follow-up (both measures, P P = 0.003 and P = 0.009, respectively), and both outpatient and medication costs increased significantly ( P = 0.035 and P Conclusions: Initiation of olanzapine therapy was associated with favorable clinical outcomes in this population, particularly in patients with a formal diagnosis of thought disorder. Overall, there was a cost shift away from hospital and crisis costs toward medication and outpatient services costs. The decline in total resource utilization was not statistically significant, although it may be of practical importance.
Intensity cross-correlation in light scattered by the rotational motion of macromolecules

Abstract Intensity cross-correlation in light scattered by the rotational motion of macromolecules is discussed in terms of pair- pair correlation. Expressions are given for a single pair for comparison with a rod, an equilateral triangle for comparison with a flat macromolecule, and a regular tetrahedron for comparison with other shapes. Anticorrelation occurs for the pair and triangle and correlation for the tetrahedron.
Smarter systems/smarter diagnostics

Abstract With the advent of larger networks of smarter (more complex) subsystems, the task of keeping subsystems on-line and easily diagnosable becomes ever more important. This leads to the requirement to design more powerful diagnostic capability into the subsystem instead of adding it as an afterthought. The use of powerful microprocessors dedicated to individual control functions allows subsystems to have significant diagnostic capabilities. Distilling our experience in designing and maintaining microcomputer systems at Fermilab, we will examine the structure of a prototypical subsystem and discuss the use of hierarchical diagnostics for both hardware and software.
The contralateral injury in blunt laryngeal trauma.

Objectives To present the unique case of a patient who sustained an ipsilateral and contralateral injury after external laryngeal trauma. The authors also explain the dynamics behind this type of injury. Study Design Case report and brief literature review. Methods A case report is presented of a patient who sustained both an ipsilateral and a contralateral injury after blunt laryngeal trauma. A brief review of the literature follows, including a description of proper management of this injury. Conclusion The reader should garner an understanding of the dynamics of this type of injury and learn the basic management of a similar injury.
A Convenient Procedure for Alkylation of Ketones

Abstract In work related to the preparation of simple analogs of picrotoxin1 and trichodermin,2 we wished to prepare quantities of ketones which were α-alkylated from cyclopentanone and α,β-unsaturated cyclohexenones. The usual base catalyzed procedures3,4 fail because of polyalkylations and formation of isomer mixtures which are difficult to separate.5 The use of enanimes is usually an acceptable alternative for saturated ketones but yields for cyclopentanones are low.6 An alternative α-alkylation procedure for α,β-unsaturated ketones has been developed.5 We wished, however, to reexamine base catalyzed alkylations in the hope of finding a convenient procedure for accomplishing the desired alkylations in larger scale. Systematic investigations of solvents, bases and reaction temperatures were undertaken.
Analysis of two-state multivariate phenotypic change in ecological studies

Analyses of two-state phenotypic change are common in ecological research. Some examples include phenotypic changes due to phenotypic plasticity between two environments, changes due to predator/non-predator character shifts, character displacement via competitive interactions, and patterns of sexual dimorphism. However, methods for analyzing phenotypic change for multivariate data have not been rigorously developed. Here we outline a method for testing vectors of phenotypic change in terms of two important attributes: the magnitude of change (vector length) and the direction of change described by trait covariation (angular difference between vectors). We describe a permutation procedure for testing these attributes, which allows non-targeted sources of variation to be held constant. We provide examples that illustrate the importance of considering vector attributes of phenotypic change in biological studies, and we demonstrate how greater inference can be made than by evaluating variance components with MANOVA alone. Finally, we consider how our method may be extended to more complex data.
Land Values in a Newly Zoned City

The introduction of a new zoning ordinance to Chicago in 1923 offers a natural experiment that allows us to determine the effects of zoning on relative land-value growth rates. Policymakers claimed at the time that land-use zoning would raise aggregate land values by reducing negative externalities associated with mixed land use. After controlling for initial land use and the endogeneity of zoning decisions, we find that residential zoning led to higher land value growth rates than commercial zoning.
The Impact of Public Education Expenditure on Human Capital, Growth, and Poverty in Tanzania and ZambiaA General Equilibrium Approach

The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, the supply of different labor skills, and its macroeconomic and distributional consequences is appraised within a multisector CGE model. The model is applied to and calibrated for two Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs), Tanzania and Zambia. The simulation results suggest that education expenditure can raise economic growth. However, to maximize benefits from education expenditure, a sufficiently high level of physical investment is needed, as are measures that improve the match between the pattern of educational output and the structure of effective demand for labor. An important result of the simulation experiments is that a well-targeted pattern of education expenditure can be effective for poverty alleviation.
The Lost Art of Finding Our Way. John Edward Huth.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. 544 pp., maps, diagrams, appendices, glossary, notes, index. $35.00 cloth. (ISBN 978-0-674-07282-4). Stand on a city sidewalk near the exit stairs fro...
A Procedure for Setting Environmentally Safe Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for Selenium

This article presents a seven-step procedure for developing environmentally safe total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for selenium. The need for this information stems from recent actions taken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that may require TMDLs for selenium and other contaminants that are impairing water bodies. However, there is no technical guidance from EPA or elsewhere that deals exclusively with selenium. This leaves biologists and environmental contaminant specialists without the tools needed to effectively address the TMDL issue for selenium. This article provides guidance by laying out an assessment method that links the basic components of EPA's TMDL process to the contaminant-specific information required for selenium. The underlying principle in this process is that selenium concentrations be kept below levels that threaten reproduction of fish and aquatic birds. The steps are: (1) Delineate and characterize the hydrological unit (HU, i.e., water body) of interest. (2) Determine selenium concentrations and assess biological hazard. (3) Determine sources, concentrations, and volumes of selenium discharges; calculate existing selenium load. (4) Estimate retention capacity of HU for selenium. (5) Calculate the total allowable selenium load and specify reductions needed to meet the target loading. (6) Allocate selenium load among discharge sources. (7) Monitor to determine effectiveness of selenium load reduction in meeting environmental quality goals. Proper application of this procedure will ensure compliance with EPA regulatory requirements and also protect fish and wildlife resources.
Myosin-5 and Myosin-6 Differentially Detect Actin Filament Age

Unlike a static and immobile skeleton, the actin cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous actin (F-actin) polymers that continuously turn over. In addition to generating mechanical forces and sensing mechanical deformation, dynamic F-actin networks serve as cellular tracks for myosin motor traffic. Unfortunately, much of our understanding of processive myosins comes from in vitro studies where motility was studied on pre-assembled and artificially stabilized, static F-actin tracks. In this work, we examine the role of actin dynamics in single-molecule myosin motility using assembling F-actin. We chose the two highly processive motors, myosin-5 and myosin-6. On dynamic F-actin, the barbed-end directed myosin-5 is 1.5-fold more processive, whereas its pointed-end directed counterpart myosin-6 is 1.7-fold less processive (both relative to static F-actin). Moreover, while myosin-5 takes longer runs on ADP/Pi-rich (young) portions of the growing filament, myosin-6 takes longer runs along ADP-rich (old) F-actin. These results suggest that actin changes conformation upon Pi release, and that these two myosins respond to this change in opposite ways. Taken together, these experiments define a new mechanism of how myosin traffic may sort on different F-actin networks.
Linking Sustainability to Quality Management and Firm Performance

Environmental management practices have evolved significantly over the past two decades. During that time, sustainable operations management practices have purportedly made positive contributions to overall firm performance. This paper develops two conceptual frameworks regarding the relationships among specific elements of environmental management, quality management, and firm performance. We suggest that innovation in quality management mediates the relationship between design for environment and firm performance, and that statistical process control techniques moderate the relationship between environmental management systems and firm performance. We identify future research possibilities, based on these frameworks, to inform scholarly research and practice in environmental management and quality management.