cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FATE OF ENTEROPATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI DURING THE MANUFACTURE AND RIPENING OF CAMEMBERT CHEESE1

Camembert cheese was made from pasteurized milk inoculated to contain, per milliliter, approximately 100 cells of enteropathogenic strains of Echerichia coli. A Most Probable Number technique was used to enumerate E. coli at intervals during manufacture and ripening of the cheese. Identity of isolates obtained was determined serologically. Growth of E. coli was minimal until after curd was cut and hooped. Rapid growth ensued and populations in excess of 104/g appeared in some Cheeses 5 h after the Cheesemaking process began. Overnight storage of Cheese in hoops was accompanied by a decline in numbers of viable E. coli. This coincided with a drop in pH of the Cheese to 5.0 or below. Salting of cheese and 1 day of ripening at 15.6 C ( 60 F) caused a further decline in number of viable E. coli. This decline continued during the rest of the week at 15.6 C ( 60 F) and during storage at 10 C (50 F). From 0 to 9 weeks at 10 C (50 F) were required before cheese was free of viable E. coli. Substitution of Streptoc...
Backpropagation Neural Network for Interval Prediction of Three-Phase Ampacity Level in Power Systems

The modern way of living depends on a very high degree on electricity utilization. People take for granted that their energy needs will be satisfied 24/7 which mandates the maintaining of the power grid in stable state. To that end, the development of precise methods for monitoring and predicting events that might disturb its uninterrupted operation is immense. Moreover, the evolvement of power grids into smart grids where the end users continuously participate in the power market by forming energy prices and/or by adjusting their energy needs according to their own agenda, adds high volatility to load demand. In that sense, with regard to predictive methods, a plain single point prediction application may not be enough. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a method in order to further enhance this type of applications by providing Predictive Intervals PIs regarding ampacity overloading in smart power systems through the use of Artificial Neural Networks ANNs.
Simulation and experimental design of saturated excitation (SAX) multiphoton microscopy (MPM)

SAX is modeled and found to generate irregular PSF containing spatial frequency content beyond the diffraction limit. No special chemistry and minimal modification of MPM is needed toward super-resolved fluorescence imaging in scattering media.
Response of Horizontally Curved Bridge to Moving Load

A method of analysis of the dynamic response of a horizontally curved simple-span bridge is presented subjected to a smoothly moving mass load. The methods of analysis for vibration of bridges on straight alignment involving moving mass loads are reviewed. Solution of the present problem through the use of the method of undetermined coefficients is demonstrated. A parametric study is made of the effects of horizontal curvature, rigidity ratio, speed parameter, weight ratio and frequency ratio on the response of the bridge to flexural and torsional vibrations. The effects of the first three parameters on the response with the moving mass load are nearly the same as those with a constant moving force, while those of the latter two parameters are essentially the same as that of a straight bridge.
Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Control in SPRINT-Eligible Participants of ACCORD-BP.

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on cardiovascular outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was a post hoc, multivariate, subgroup analysis of ACCORD-BP (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure) participants. Participants were eligible for the analysis if they were in the standard glucose control arm of ACCORD-BP and also had the additional CVD risk factors required for SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) eligibility. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to compare the effect of intensive versus standard BP control on CVD outcomes. The “SPRINT-eligible” ACCORD-BP participants were pooled with SPRINT participants to determine whether the effects of intensive BP control interacted with T2DM. RESULTS The mean baseline Framingham 10-year CVD risk scores were 14.5% and 14.8%, respectively, in the intensive and standard BP control groups. The mean achieved systolic BP values were 120 and 134 mmHg in the intensive and standard BP control groups ( P P = 0.02). Intensive BP control also reduced CVD death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.51–0.93; P = 0.01). Treatment-related adverse events occurred more frequently in participants receiving intensive BP control (4.1% vs. 2.1%; P = 0.003). The effect of intensive BP control on CVD outcomes did not differ between patients with and without T2DM ( P > 0.62). CONCLUSIONS Intensive BP control reduced CVD outcomes in a cohort of participants with T2DM and additional CVD risk factors.
First-in-Human Study of Acoustic Angiography in the Breast and Peripheral Vasculature

Screening with mammography has been found to increase breast cancer survival rates by about 20%. However, the current system in which mammography is used to direct patients toward biopsy or surgical excision also results in relatively high rates of unnecessary biopsy, as 66.8% of biopsies are benign. A non-ionizing radiation imaging approach with increased specificity might reduce the rate of unnecessary biopsies. Quantifying the vascular characteristics within and surrounding lesions represents one potential target for assessing likelihood of malignancy via imaging. In this clinical note, we describe the translation of a contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique, acoustic angiography, to human imaging. We illustrate the feasibility of this technique with initial studies in imaging the hand, wrist and breast using Definity microbubble contrast agent and a mechanically steered prototype dual-frequency transducer in healthy volunteers. Finally, this approach was used to image pre-biopsy Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 lesions <2 cm in depth in 11 patients. Results indicate that sensitivity and spatial resolution are sufficient to image vessels as small as 0.2 mm in diameter at depths of ~15 mm in the human breast. Challenges observed include motion artifacts, as well as limited depth of field and sensitivity, which could be improved by correction algorithms and improved transducer technologies.
Why the Duty to Self-Censor Requires Social-Media Users to Maintain Their Own Privacy

Revelations of personal matters often have negative consequences for social-media users. These consequences trigger frequent warnings, practical rather than moral in nature, that social-media users should consider carefully what they reveal about themselves since their revelations might cause them various difficulties in the future. I set aside such practical considerations and argue that social-media users have a moral obligation to maintain their own privacy that is rooted in the duty to self-censor. Although Anita L. Allen provides a paternalist justification of the duty that supports my position that social-media users are obligated to self-censor what they reveal about themselves, I justify the obligation through considerations that are more palatable to liberals than is paternalism. I accomplish this by arguing that the failure to self-censor often creates for others undue burdens that individuals are obligated morally not to create. In particular, social-media revelations often create undue burdens for those, such as employers and university personnel, who are obligated morally to respect individuals’ privacy in their decision-making processes. I also demonstrate that this argument is not for a broad duty to self-censor, but, rather, for a narrow duty that applies to particular circumstances such as certain uses of social media.
Estimating users' mode transition functions and activity levels from social media

We present a temporal model of individual-scale social media user behavior, comprising modal activity levels and mode switching patterns. We show that this model can be effectively and easily learned from available social media data, and that our model is sufficiently flexible to capture diverse users' daily activity patterns. In applications such as electric power load prediction, computer network traffic analysis, disease spread modeling, and disease outbreak forecasting, it is useful to have a model of individual-scale patterns of human behavior. Our user model is intended to be suitable for integration into such population models, for future applications of prediction, change detection, or agent-based simulation.
Introduction and Goals for the National Children's Study.

The National Children’s Study (NCS) evolved in concept and planning to become an integrated systems based initiative to assess a full spectrum of health and capture the environmental factors and other influences that shape the trajectory of child development. The NCS built on prior work in health assessment, epidemiology, logistics, and methodology in order to address the broad goals of its mandate. To develop the specific methods and tools to conduct a study in multiple environments outside conventional health care delivery clinics the NCS invested in new approaches such as informatics, study operations, and the establishment of a Health Measurements Network to provide accurate, cost effective, and scientifically valid data that would be interoperable with data collected by other longitudinal studies around the world as well as with major national and international health improvement initiatives.
Method for evaluating the effect of inclination on the performance of large flattened-tube steam condensers with visualization of flow regimes

Abstract An experimental study of convective steam condensation inside a large, inclined, flattened-tube air-cooled condenser for power plants is presented. This is the second of a four-part group of papers. The first part presents pressure drop and visualization results, while this study presents the experimental method along with heat transfer results. Follow-up papers present further heat transfer results and the effect of inclination. The condenser in this study is steel with brazed aluminum fins. The condenser measures 10.72 m in length, with a cross section of 214 mm × 16 mm. The condenser tube was cut in half lengthwise and covered with a polycarbonate viewing window in order to provide visualization access simultaneously with the heat transfer measurements. Inlet steam mass flux ranged from 6.2 to 9.5 kg m−2 s−1, and condenser capacity varied from 25 to 31 kW. The angle of inclination was varied from horizontal to 75° downward. The experiments were performed with a uniform fin-face velocity of crossflowing air at 2.2 m/s. Condenser capacity was found to increase linearly with increasing downward inclination angle of the condenser, at a rate of 0.041% per degree of inclination below horizontal. This improvement was found to be the result of improved drainage and increased void fraction near the condenser outlet.
Molecular Mechanisms and Functions of DNA Mismatch Repair

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionarily conserved DNA repair pathway that plays an essential role in maintaining genomic fidelity and stability. MMR targets errors generated during DNA replication, contributing 100–1,000-fold to the overall fidelity of DNA replication. Inactivating mutations in highly conserved MMR genes greatly increase the spontaneous mutation rate, and loss of MMR predisposes individuals to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome. Loss of MMR activity due to epigenetic silencing of MMR genes or somatic mutation is associated with a variety of sporadic tumors. Proteins involved in MMR also participate in DNA damage signaling inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to certain DNA alkylating agents and other DNA-damaging agents or base analogs. This review summarizes our current understanding of the MMR pathway and its roles in cancer avoidance.
The Functional Significance of Organismic Individuality

Developmental psychology, as a discipline, has tended to focus more on normative, developmental functions (Wohlwill, 1973) than on interindividual variation in developmental trajectories. This emphasis is changing, due to an increasing concern with biological bases of human individuality (Lerner, 1984; Plomin, 1986) and with multidirectional, life-span changes in psychological capacities and behavioral functions (Baltes, 1987). Research in our laboratory is associated with this latter concern, that is, with the nature, bases, and functional significance of interindividual variation in human development across life (e. g., Lerner & Lerner, 1983, 1987, 1989). It is because of this concern with the person’s individuality that we have been drawn to the study of temperament.
Ischial Pressure Sore Reconstruction with V-Y Hamstring Advancement Flap Reconstruction

A 20-year-old college freshman was referred for a nonhealing ischial pressure sore. She had been paraplegic since childhood as a result of resection of a histologically benign spinal cord tumor. She had never previously suffered from pressure ulceration.
Fundamentals of Research: A Practical Guide for Educators and Special Educators by Thomas K. Crowl / Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory by Linda Crocker and James Algina / Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research by Jerome Kirk and Marc L. Miller / Speaking of Ethnography by Michael H. Agar

(1987). Fundamentals of Research: A Practical Guide for Educators and Special Educators by Thomas K. Crowl / Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory by Linda Crocker and James Algina / Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research by Jerome Kirk and Marc L. Miller / Speaking of Ethnography by Michael H. Agar. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 42-43.
Arginine reprogramming in ADPKD results in arginine-dependent cystogenesis

Research into metabolic reprogramming in cancer has become commonplace, yet this area of research has only recently come of age in nephrology. In light of the parallels between cancer and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the latter is currently being studied as a metabolic disease. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is now considered a metabolic disease, we and others have shown derangements in the enzyme arginosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), resulting in RCC cells becoming auxotrophic for arginine and leading to a new therapeutic paradigm involving reducing extracellular arginine. Based on our earlier finding that glutamine pathways are reprogrammed in ARPKD, and given the connection between arginine and glutamine synthetic pathways via citrulline, we investigated the possibility of arginine reprogramming in ADPKD. We now show that, in a remarkable parallel to RCC, ASS1 expression is reduced in murine and human ADPKD, and arginine depletion results in a dose-dependent compensatory increase in ASS1 levels as well as decreased cystogenesis in vitro and ex vivo with minimal toxicity to normal cells. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis of mouse kidney cell lines grown in arginine-deficient versus arginine-replete media suggests arginine-dependent alterations in the glutamine and proline pathways. Thus, depletion of this conditionally essential amino acid by dietary or pharmacological means, such as with arginine-degrading enzymes, may be a novel treatment for this disease.
Multidisciplinary approach to endobronchial HDR brachytherapy as an alternative to external beam radiation for palliating malignant airway obstruction.

132Background: Concerns over the safety of high-dose-rate (HDR) endobronchial brachytherapy (EBB) has limited its widespread use in palliating pulmonary airway obstruction. Morbidity following EBB is commonly attributed to fatal hemoptysis and fistula formation. We implemented a procedure to deliver EBB under general anesthesia to minimize procedure risks, while maintaining treatment effectiveness. We hereby report outcomes of consecutive patients treated using this approach to palliate airway obstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of consecutive patients treated with EBB. Treated patients had obstructive lesions >2cm distal to the carina and central structures, who were deemed candidates for EBB by a multidisciplinary team of interventional pulmonologists (IP) and radiation oncologists (RO). All patients were treated under general anesthesia. Bronchoscopy and localization of target lesions was performed by IP. HDR catheters carrying a marker wire were advanced past obstructive lesion. C...
Comparing the Pemberton osteotomy and modified San Diego acetabuloplasty in developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract Purpose Patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may require a pelvic osteotomy to treat acetabular dysplasia. The Pemberton osteotomy and modified San Diego acetabuloplasty ...
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) significantly decreases risk of brain metastases in patients with bulky, higher stage small-cell urothelial cancer.

486Background: Patients with bulky, higher-stage small cell urothelial cancer (≥T3b, N+, and/or M+) have a high risk of developing brain metastases. Siefker-Radtke et al reported a 50% risk of brai...
An FPGA-Based Interface System for High-Frequency Bulk-Acoustic-Wave Microgyroscopes With In-Run Automatic Mode-Matching

This paper presents a digital gyroscope interface system for high-frequency bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) gyroscopes with in-run automatic mode-matching (AMM) capability. The presented work demonstrates the design and implementation of the dual-mode (DM) operation architecture on a flexible digital platform, which allows for low-cost rapid development and evaluation of new functions and architectures. Two prototype silicon BAW gyroscopes are tested on this platform using the proposed system to verify the advantages of the DM architecture. The AMM in DM showed below 4-ppb mode split accuracy and fast converge time without overshoot or oscillation. The DM operation with in-run AMM substantially reduced the bias drift of the gyros, leading to significantly lower rate random walk (RRW) compared to conventional single-mode (SM) operation. The performance repeatability and stability over the temperature of the DM gyro system are characterized, showing as high as $50\times $ improvement compared to the SM architecture.
Elevated Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Luminal-Type Locally Advanced Breast Cancer to Circumvent Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) provides an understanding of the systemic inflammatory conditions. NLR plays an important role as a predictor of mortality in breast and other malignancies. The application of NLR to predict prognosis of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) has not been well developed. In this retrospective study, we establish a relationship of pre-treatment NLR with the Pathological Complete Response (pCR) in LABC patients to enhance decision-making and treatment protocols. Data of women diagnosed with carcinoma breast between January 2015 and December 2017 was retrieved from hospital records of a tertiary medical centre in Bangalore, India, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. LABC patients were categorized into pCR(+) and pCR(−). NLR was calculated and divided into quartiles. The cutoff NLR was determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Statistical analysis was performed on 119 LABC patients, of which 25 (21%) achieved pCR. Oestrogen Receptor (ER) positivity was significantly lower in pCR(+) than in pCR(−) (p = 0.012). NLR of 2.46 (AUC, 0.744; 95% CI [0.201–0.584]; p = 0.056) was considered the optimum cutoff for pCR(+). A sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 8%, positive predictive value of 1% and high Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 84% was achieved in the study. A relationship between pCR and the pre-treatment NLR determined a significantly high NPV. Poor pCR in luminal A/B subtype presents with elevated NLR. Therefore, in luminal type A/B (ER- and PR-positive) with elevated NLR (poor outcome) and low pCR (poor response to NACT), the decision of eliminating NACT could be considered, thereby recommending surgical intervention.
Financial burden of thyroid cancer in the United States: An estimate of economic and psychological hardship among thyroid cancer survivors

Abstract Background Annual cancer-related healthcare expenditure in the United States is estimated to exceed $150 billion by 2020. As the prevalence of thyroid cancer increases worldwide, thyroid cancer survivorship is associated with increasing personal and cumulative costs. Few studies have examined the psychological and material economic costs experienced by thyroid cancer survivors. We seek to estimate the comparative prevalence of financial and psychological hardship among thyroid cancer and non-thyroid cancer patients in the United States. Methods The 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer databank was queried to identify thyroid and non-thyroid (colon, breast, lung, prostate) cancer survivors. This survey includes assessments of financial stress, material hardship, and psychological financial hardship. Cancer incidence–based weighted estimates of responses were compared between thyroid and non-thyroid cancer survivors. Independent predictors of material and psychological financial burden were identified through separate multivariate regression models. Results Thyroid cancer survivors more frequently reported psychological financial burden compared to non-thyroid cancer (46.1% vs 24.0%, P = .04). Material financial hardship (28.1% vs 19.9%, P = .37) and concurrent material and psychological hardship (25.1% vs 12.5%, P = .09) were noted at similar frequencies between thyroid and non-thyroid cancer survivors. However, on multivariate analysis, only younger age and lack of health insurance coverage were independently associated with psychological financial hardship. Conclusion Thyroid cancer survivors report greater psychological financial hardship than non-thyroid cancer survivors. Because this financial burden may be underrecognized in the medical community, further studies should be conducted to aid physicians in better understanding the impact of a thyroid cancer diagnosis.
Describing a “mass shooting”: the role of databases in understanding burden

The mass shooting phenomenon has gained much attention lately as this form of gun violence appears to increase in frequency. Although many organizations collect information on mass shootings (fatal and nonfatal injuries), no federal definition of this phrase exists. The purpose of this study was to highlight the different statistics that result among databases that define and track “mass shootings.” Establishing definitive guidelines for a mass shooting definition could improve research credibility when presenting evidence to policy makers. We obtained data for mass shootings that occurred in 2017 from four sources: Gun Violence Archive, Mother Jones Investigation, Everytown for Gun Safety, and FBI’s Supplemental Homicide Report. We also examined FBI’s Active Shooter Report to compare the mass shootings datasets with active shooter situations, which have been federally defined. First, we examined the overlap among databases. Then, we applied the strictest fatal mass shooting definition to the mass shooting datasets to determine whether the differences in databases could be contributing to differences in fatalities and injuries recorded. Gun Violence Archive recorded the most mass shooting incidents at 346 incidents in 2017, while Mother Jones only recorded 11 cases. Only 2 events were found in all four mass shooting datasets. When the strictest definition – four or more individuals fatally shot – was applied to all datasets, the number of mass shootings in 2017 ranged from 24 (Gun Violence Archive) to 5 (Mother Jones), but incidents collected still varied. There is much variety in statistics obtained from the different sources that have collected mass shooting information, with little overlap among databases. Researchers should advocate for a standard definition that considers both fatalities and nonfatalities to most appropriately convey the burden of mass shootings on gun violence.
Group-V dopant Incorporation for High CdSeTe/CdTe Hole Density and Lifetime

CdTe-based photovoltaic device performance can be improved by increasing both hole density and carrier lifetime simultaneously. In this work, we discuss sources and thin film processes to achieve incorporation and high hole density in conjunction with lifetime using group-V dopants.
Impact of Gate Oxide Thickness on Switching and Short Circuit Performance of 1200 V 4H-SiC Inversion-channel MOSFETs

In this paper, we report successful fabrication of 1200 V 4H-SiC planar-gate inversion-channel power MOSFETs with 27 nm gate oxide thickness in a 6 inch commercial foundry. The static electrical characteristics, switching performance and short-circuit failure times for the 27 nm devices are compared with those of conventional 55 nm gate oxide devices. The specific on-state resistance of the 27 nm gate oxide devices at a gate voltage of 15 V was found to be 1.5x lower than the conventional 55 nm gate oxide devices at a gate bias of 20 V. The total switching energy loss (E tot ) for the 27 nm device with V gs of 15 V and V gs of 10 is approximately equal and 1.4x larger than the 55 nm case with V gs of 20 V. The short-circuit failure time (t sc ) for the 27 nm device is 1.4× better than 55 nm device at V gs of 10 V but 1.4× worse for V gs of 15 V.
Resource-rational analysis versus resource-rational humans

Lieder and Griffiths advocate for resource-rational analysis as a methodological device employed by the experimenter. However, at times this methodological device appears to morph into the substantive claim that humans are actually resource-rational. Such morphing is problematic; the methodological approach used by the experimenter and claims about the nature of human behavior ought to be kept completely separate.
Can success deflect racism? Clothing and perceptions of African American men.

We examined the effect of different clothing styles on the perceptions of African American men. Using a between-group design, we tested whether participants perception of African American models we...
Control of free-choice consummatory behavior by absolute reward value

Abstract Rats trained in a 2-lever autoshaping situation with large and small rewards, prefer the lever signaling the large reward in simultaneous free-choice tests. However, after a large-to-small reward devaluation, choice switches to the unshifted lever that always offered the small reward ( Conrad & Papini, J Exp Psychol: Anim Learn Cog, 2018 ). Such revaluation of an option signaling an unshifted reward in a choice situation illustrates reward relativity. Would a similar reward revaluation be observed in consummatory behavior? In Experiment 1, two groups of rats received exposure to 16% vs. 2% or 4% vs. 2% sucrose in different bottles. Free-choice tests with the simultaneous presentation of both bottles showed that preference for the large reward was greater in 16-vs.−2% than in 4-vs.−2% sucrose comparisons. After the downshift, free-choice responses adjusted in both groups without a switch in preference to the unshifted option (i.e., no evidence of revaluation). Experiment 2 replicated the training procedure, but free-choice tests were administered on a separate session with empty bottles. In free-choice tests, rats showed a reduction of responding for the downshifted bottle with no evidence of revaluation of the unshifted reward. In Experiment 3, sessions with the large (16% or 4% sucrose) and small reward (2% sucrose) occurred in the same context, but at different times. Free-choice tests again provided no evidence of revaluation. Consummatory behavior is usually quite sensitive to reward relativity, but free choices uncovered strong control by absolute reward value.
The Protestant Legacy: Missions and Human Capital in India

We study the long-run consequences of Protestant missionary activities in colonial India on present-day literacy rates and gender equality in literacy. Following the principle of Sola Scriptura, Protestant missionaries promoted universal literacy to enable individuals to read the Bible for themselves. To advance female education, missionary women were often sent directly to the Zenana (the women's quarter of the house) to teach. We combine information on the spatial distribution of Protestant missions and the gender composition of missionaries in early twentieth century India with contemporary administrative and survey data. We document a robust long-term link between historical exposure to Protestant missions and human capital today. This relationship is particularly strong for women. The analysis of transmission channels indicates that shifts in gender norms and the early construction of schools are the main drivers.
Prioritizing Quality Improvement Topics in a Pediatric Hospital Medicine Group

Background: Many tools for prioritizing Quality Improvement (QI) are available. A“PICK” chart (Lean Six Sigma) balances perceived need for QI with perceived ease of implementation, relying upon both objective (e.g. data) and subjective (e.g. provider opinion) inputs. Methods of formalizing the subjective inputs may help to structure and improve the success of QI interventions. Purpose/Objective: To formalize the subjective inputs of clinicians’ perceptions of the need and ease of implementation …
Cue-Centered Therapy for Youth Experiencing Posttraumatic Symptoms

Few of the existing evidence-based interventions for child trauma exposure were specifically designed to address experiences and outcomes of complex developmental trauma. Stanford’s cue-centered therapy (CCT) was designed to address this gap by offering a flexible, integrative, and insight-oriented treatment approach that is grounded in principles of neuroscience, developmental trauma, client empowerment, and allostasis. This article reviews the CCT rationale, treatment components, evidence base, and training approach. Studies demonstrate promising outcomes indicating CCT effectiveness in reducing child and caregiver posttraumatic stress, and in improving child functioning. Further research, however, is needed to identify which clients are best-suited for CCT (versus other available child trauma treatments) and to identify which components of CCT are most critical for addressing complex developmental trauma. CCT advances the field of child trauma treatment by offering an intervention approach focused on addressing complex developmental trauma. Positive treatment and training outcomes indicate utility of CCT for clients and clinicians. Innovations in research and training approaches are needed to further dissemination and implementation of CCT and other related child trauma interventions for complex developmental trauma.
E-110 Transradial, coaxial approach using surpass evolve for treatment of cerebral aneurysms

Introduction The transradial approach (TRA) is being employed to a greater degree in neuroendovascular procedures. Multicenter studies examining TRA versus transfemoral approach (TFA) across all neuroendovascular procedures have demonstrated lower rates of both minor and major complications using TRA. Previous studies have described TRA for flow diversion using the Pipeline embolization device (ev3/Chestnut Medical, Menlo Park, California) with good result. The Surpass Evolve device (SED; Stryker Neurovascular, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA) is a new 64-wire flow diverting stent that obtained FDA approval in 2020. In this study we present a single center experience of patient who underwent TRA for placement of Surpass Evolve flow diversion for treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patient who underwent TRA for SED placement for treatment of aneurysm between August 2020 to February 2021. Patient demographic, procedural techniques, clinical and angiographic data were recorded. Results 15 patients underwent SED placement for treatment of aneurysm (age 46.6, 62.5% female). 81% of patients had hypertension, 43% had hyperlipidemia, and 75% were current or former smokers. 3 (20%) patients presented with ruptured aneurysms. 7 (47%) patients had underwent previous aneurysm treatment. 5 patients (33%) had recurrence of their previously treatment aneurysm. 1 patient was converted to TFA after attempted TRA due to vasospasm. The following aneurysms were treated: anterior communicating artery aneurysm in 3 patients, ophthalmic artery aneurysm in 3 patients, anterior choroidal artery aneurysm in 3 patients, superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm in 3 patients, vertebral artery aneurysm in 2 patients, posterior communicating artery aneurysm in 1 patient, cervical carotid artery aneurysm in 1 patient, and a fusiform cavernous carotid aneurysm in 1 patient. The right radial artery was used in all cases. Mean radial artery diameter was 2.64 mm. A 5/6 French slendersheath was utilized in all cases. Coaxial system was used in all cases. Mean smallest parent vessel diameter measured 3.52mm, and mean largest parent vessel diameter measured 4.06 mm. Placement of the TFA flow diversion device was successful in all cases. Balloon angioplasty was used in 5 (33%) patients to achieve wall apposition. No patients had access site complications. There were no procedural or postoperative neurological complications. 1 patient had proximal shelfing of SED. The patient required retreatment with good outcome using an atlas stent. Conclusions TRA is a safe and feasible approach for flow diversion using the Surpass Evolve device. Rates of access site complications is favorable. Overall rate of conversion to TFA is low. Our early experience suggests frontline TRA is feasible for the utilization of Surpass Evolve flow diverting device. Disclosures Z. Hubbard: None. B. Saway: None. K. Zilinskas: None. G. Porto: None. S. Al Kasab: None. M. Sattur: None. A. Spiotta: None.
Lynch syndrome: patients’ perception of cancer risk, uptake of risk reducing surgery, and screening practices

Objectives: Women with Lynch syndrome (LS) experience a lifetime risk of endometrial and colon cancer of up to 57%, and the risk is approximately equal for each LS gene. Little is known about how LS patients perceive and seek to manage their cancer risks. The objective of this study was to determine the perceived risk of endometrial (EC), ovarian (OC), and colon (CC) cancer among those with LS, to report adherence to EC and CC screening guidelines, and uptake of risk reducing surgical procedures. Methods: A survey instrument was developed using investigator generated items and queries adapted from the Health Information National Trends Survey. The anonymous, web-based survey was advertised on Lynch Syndrome International Facebook page from July 1st to August 1st of 2020. Items were reviewed by an expert panel and a patient advocate. Eligibility for cancer screening was defined as (1) EC screening: ≥35 years with no personal history of EC and an intact uterus, and age appropriate screening was defined as an endometrial biopsy within 1 year; (2) CC screening: ≥25 years with no personal history of CC and intact colon, and age appropriate screening was defined as a colonoscopy within 2 years. Results: Of 169 survey responses, 26 were excluded (2 declined, 4 no LS diagnosis, 11 incomplete, 9 men). Results are based on 143 women. The mean (SD) age was 47.3(11.4) years with 91% residing in North America and 68% college educated. Nearly all (99%) were diagnosed by genetic testing with the most common mutation being in MSH2 (40%). A prior cancer diagnosis was reported in 57% with 29% having EC, 21% CC, and 4% OC. Most women (63%) take a multidisciplinary approach to their LS care, including visits with a primary care provider (73%), GI specialist (93%), or gynecologist (70%). However, 37% prefer to receive advice from a single provider most commonly a PCP (35%) or GI (35%). Among women that retain the at-risk organ and do not have a personal history of cancer in that organ, over 90% accurately report their risk of EC, OC, and CC as being more likely than those without LS. However, significantly fewer rated their own likelihood of cancer as high (Table 1). Hysterectomy was common (78%) and more frequently performed for risk reduction in women Download : Download high-res image (96KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Women with LS appear to be knowledgeable of their increased risk of EC, OC, and CC compared to those without LS, but they may underestimate their personal risk of EC. There was a high uptake of risk reducing surgical procedures in this population, especially in those
Design, characterization, modeling, and comparison of helically wrapped super-coiled polymer artificial muscles

Abstract Super-coiled polymer (SCP) artificial muscles demonstrate a number of desirable properties, like high power density, inherent compliance, light weight, and lowcost. However, the realization of their full potential in achieving appreciable robot motion is hindered by their limited strain or force generation capabilities. Fabricated with multi-thread nylon filament, non-mandrel-coiled SCP actuators can only generate up to 10–20% strain, and mandrel-coiled SCP actuators are often fragile and fail to produce large force consistently. This paper presents the design, characterization, and modeling of helically-wrapped SCP (HW-SCP) actuators. HW-SCP actuators exhibit the advantages of mandrel-coiled and non-mandrel-coiled SCP actuators simultaneously—they can produce 15–55% strain, and consistently lift more than 90 g of weight. The design parameters of HW-SCP actuators can be conveniently adjusted to tune the actuator's performance. Furthermore, this work presents the first comprehensive comparative study of non-mandrel-coiled, mandrel-coiled, and HW-SCP actuators based on conductive multi-thread nylon filament. The correlations between strain and constant voltage were accurately captured by Preisach hysteresis models. The correlations between force and constant voltage were modeled by three low-order polynomial models. This work contributes to the development of high-performance artificial muscles and may facilitate optimal selection of SCP actuators under scenario-specific future studies.
Decoding cinnabarinic acid specific stanniocalcin 2 induction by aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand mediated transcription factor known for regulating response to xenobiotics, including prototypical 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) through the activation of cytochrome P450 1A1 (encoded by cyp1a1) expression. Upon ligand-binding AhR translocate to nucleus, interacts with AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt) and bind to xenobiotic response element(s) (GCGTG, XREs) present in the promoter region of AhR regulated genes. Recently, we identified a novel tryptophan catabolite, cinnabarinic acid (CA) as an endogenous AhR agonist capable of activating expression of AhR target gene, stanniocalcin 2 (stc2). The CA-driven stc2 induction bestowed cytoprotection against hepatotoxicity in an AhR-dependent manner. Interestingly, only CA, but not TCDD was able to induce stc2 expression in liver and CA was unable to upregulate the TCDD responsive cyp1a1 gene. In this report, we identified CA-specific histone H4 K5 acetylation and H3 K79 methylation at AhR-bound stc2 promoter. Moreover, histone H4 K5 acetylation writer, Atf2 and H3 K79 methylation writer, Dot1l were interacting with AhR-complex at stc2 promoter exclusively in response to CA treatment concurrent with the histone epigenetic marks. Suppressing Atf2 and Dot1l expression using RNA interference confirmed their role in stc2 expression. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted replacement of cyp1a1 promoter XREs with stc2 promoter XREs resulted in CA-dependent induction of cyp1a1 underlining fundamental role of quaternary structure of XRE sequence in agonist-specific gene regulation. In conclusion, CA-driven recruitment of specific chromatin regulators to AhR complex and resulting histone epigenetic modifications may serve as a molecular basis for agonist specific stc2 regulation by AhR. Significance Statement Results reported here provide a mechanistic explanation for the agonist-specific differential gene regulation by identifying interaction of AhR with specific chromatin regulators concomitant with unique histone epigenetic marks. This study also demonstrated that the agonist-specific target gene expression can be transferred with the gene-specific promoter XRE sequence in the context of chromatin architecture.
Control of gene expression during erythroid cell differentiation.

Erythroid cell differentiation has proved to be a useful system for exploring several aspects of gene expression during mammalian cell differentiation (1,2). In particular, fetal mouse erythropoiesis has been employed as a system to study: (a) the basis of changes in types of globins formed during fetal development; (b) mitotic activity of differentiating erythroblasts in relation to the synthesis of globins; (c) the number of structural genes coding for globins; (d) the relation of mRNA synthesis to globin formation during erythroid cell differentiation and (e) the mechanism of the erythropoietin effect in stimulating hemoglobin synthesis.
SU-E-T-237: Deformable Image Registration and Deformed Dose Composite for Volumetric Evaluation of Multimodal Gynecological Cancer Treatments

Purpose: Radiotherapy plans for patients with cervical cancer treated with EBRT followed by HDR brachytherapy are optimized by constraining dose to organs at risk (OARs). Risk of treatment related toxicities is estimated based on the dose received to the hottest 2cc (D2cc) of the bladder, bowel, rectum, and sigmoid. To account for intrafractional variation in OAR volume and positioning, a dose deformation method is proposed for more accurate evaluation of dose distribution for these patients. Methods: Radiotherapy plans from five patients who received 50.4Gy pelvic EBRT followed by 30Gy in five fractions of HDR brachytherapy, using split-ring and tandem applicators, were retrospectively evaluated using MIM Software version 6.0. Dose accumulation workflows were used for initial deformation of EBRT and HDR planning CTs onto a common HDR planning CT. The Reg Refine tool was applied with user-specified local alignments to refine the deformation. Doses from the deformed images were transferred to the common planning CT. Deformed doses were scaled to the EQD2, following the linear-quadratic BED model (considered α/β ratio for tumor as 10, and 3 for rest of the tissues), and then combined to create the dose composite. MIM composite doses were compared to the clinically-reported plan assessments based upon the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) guidelines for cervical HDR brachytherapy treatment. Results: Bladder D2cc exhibited significant reduction (−11.4%±3.85%, p 0.05 for all) relative to the calculated values used clinically. Conclusion: Application of deformable dose composite techniques may lead to more accurate total dose reporting and can allow for elevated dose to target structures with the assurance of not exceeding dose to OARs. Further study into deformable dose composition and correlation with clinical outcomes is warranted.
Compassion Development in Higher Education

Many schools of psychology and religious studies intend to promote the cultivation of compassion. Compassion is currently an integral area of study in psychology, religious studies, and higher educ...
A Microperfusion Chamber for Study of Mammalian Spermatozoa

The design of a microperfusion chamber is presented for use with spermatozoa or other cell suspensions. This chamber allows perfusion of a small number of spermatozoa during simultaneous observation of cell behavior at the microscope. The chamber is made from a flat glass capillary tube that is fitted at both ends with a filter unit containing Millipore filter discs. The entire assembly is designed to fit the stage of an inverted microscope. A population containing as few as several hundred sperm cells may be observed in the chamber during successive changes of the suspending medium as controlled by a perfusion pump. Several experiments are presented demonstrating sperm survival in the sealed chamber and the response of rabbit and human sperm motility after the washing process. For these manipulations, the percentage of motile cells, linear swimming speed and incidence of hyperactivated motility are reported. Simple incubation in the chamber for 1 hour was not deleterious to the motility of rabbit spermatozoa. Human seminal spermatozoa showed no decline in vigorous motility after the washing procedure. Compared with in vitro capacitated spermatozoa, however, washing of rabbit seminal spermatozoa showed a variable response. Finally, partially capacitated human spermatozoa were examined for any alteration of motility during chamber incubation with a subsequent wash. When small numbers of spermatozoa or other cell types must be manipulated, the methodology can be effectively substituted for the standard washing procedure that uses repeated centrifugation and resuspension.
Lost Between the State and Market

Over the years, a number of studies have examined the economic "miracle" that began in Japan in the late 1950s, quickly spread to Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, and has now become generalized across Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and mainland China. Using complementary and competing conceptual and methodological frameworks, analysts have examined in painstaking detail the political economy of these countries, which the World Bank (1993) has aptly labeled the "high-performing Asian economies." In particular, scholars have sought to explain their exemplary economic performance that seems so starkly at variance with the performance of most developing and postcommunist countries. Do they constitute an Asian developmental model? Is that model replicable, and what lessons can other late developers learn from it? Thanks to this exhaustive scholarship, we now have a more nuanced understanding of these questions. Recent works by Alwyn Young (1995), Jose Campos and Hilton Root (1996), Susan Collins and Barry Bosworth (1996), along with studies reflecting the "new institutional economics" paradigm (Kang 1995), have significantly moved beyond the stale state versus market debate to provide provocative and insightful empirical and conceptual insights. Unfortunately, in this context Comparing Development Patterns in Asia, by Cal Clark and K. C. Roy, cannot be considered a pathbreaking work. What this book does reasonably well (albeit repetitively) is provide a coherent summary of the hashed-over debates on East Asian development and their implications for other countries. It adds little to existing knowledge. For example, a large portion of the book is devoted to a wide-ranging critique of the neoclassical perspective and a quasi defense of statist models. Yet, the critique lacks the sophistication and balanced interpretations found elsewhere. Indeed, none of the recent works cited above are mentioned in Clark and Roy's rather extensive bibliography. If the authors had consulted at least one of these studies, they would have had to modify their rather simplistic critique of neoclassical models. In effect, they would have had to come to terms with the increasing cross-national evidence that vindicates important neoclassical claims regarding East Asian development. Specifically, the evidence shows that the economies of South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan (and now those of a number of Southeast Asian countries as well) did "take off' by following consistent and coherent market-conforming policies. These policies included selective trade and import liberalization, prudent devaluation, tax and financial market reforms, flexible labor markets, a pragmatic stance toward foreign direct investment, and a willingness to allow international market forces to determine price relativities-including exchange rate adjustments. These "package policies" enabled these high-performing economies to offset externalities, ensuring that