cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open Systems Theory and Women′s Progress in Academe

The progress of women in academe is addressed, as well as their participation in the workforce generally, and management positions in particular. Women themselves may be affected by society′s stereotypes of themselves and the value of their work, and the culture in organizations and society has been working against women as much as it has been working for them.
Salivary Sex Hormone Measurement in a National, Population-Based Study of Older Adults

Objectives. To describe the methods used for, correlates of cooperation with, and validity of in-home salivary specimens collected from older adults. Methods. Salivary specimens were collected between 2005 and 2006 during in-home interviews with a probability sample of 3,005 U.S. men and women, ages 57 – 85 years. Sex hormone levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassay conducted at Salimetrics , LLC (State College, PA). Mean salivary sex hormone concentrations were compared by gender and in relation to medication use and health conditions. Results. Self-collected saliva specimens were provided by 2,722 (90.6%) individuals; 95.8% of these were adequate for analysis. Black participants were signifi cantly less likely than individuals of other racial/ethnic groups to provide a salivary specimen; age, gender, education, and self-rated health were not associated with participation. Mean testosterone levels were higher in men compared with women, and estradiol levels were higher in women using estrogens. Salivary hormone measurements obtained in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) and other studies are of similar magnitude. Conclusion. NSHAP is the fi rst large, population-based study of older adults to measure salivary estradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and, in women, testosterone. These data demonstrate a high cooperation rate with in-home salivary specimen collection from older adults and good validity of sex hormone measurements.
A Feminist Redefinition of Rape and Sexual Assault: Historical Foundations and Change

The meanings of sexual assault and women's sexuality have changed significantly since the colonial period. At that time, women were valued for their sexual purity and were viewed as the center of the family. Sexual intercourse was acceptable only within marriage for the purpose of procreation. If a woman engaged in sex outside of marriage, even against her will, she was considered a “fallen” woman and was often blamed for her own victimization. With the feminist movement of the 1960s, rape was reconceptualized as a mechanism for maintaining male control and domination, a violent means of inducing fear in women and reinforcing their subordination to men. This reconceptualization has made a clear difference in the way our culture defines and understands sexual assault, but much still needs to change.
The Instructional Designer’s Role in Forming University-Community Partnerships in Digital Literacy

With an eye toward contemporary skill building to meet community centered economic needs, organizations such as Literacy Volunteers of America are increasingly pressured to examine new avenues in promoting employment readiness skills for the newly literate. These organizations and countless others have come to the realization that being prepared for the current workforce demands a skill set that surpasses traditional literacy skills in realizing job opportunity. The newly literate must now achieve a level of digital literacy to accompany traditional literacy efforts. The demand for such contemporary literacy skills to parallel traditional literacy presents an opportunity for university based instructional designers to share expertise and to collaborate with their local communities to this end. This paper focuses on the process of the formation of a university-community partnership in digital literacy designed for participants to collaboratively address such technology focused educational needs.
Political and Economic Gender Inequalities in Capitalist Polyarchies

This paper develops two indicators of gender inequality: for political gender inequality, percent female members in the legislature; for economic gender inequality, male/female wage ratios. Nineteen capitalist polyarchies are compared with respect to these indicators. The comparison reveals substantial cross-national differences in politico-economic gender inequality. Possible reasons for the observed cross-national differences in politico-economic gender inequality are discussed, and the suggested explanatory variables are evaluated through multiple regression analysis. The findings suggest an answer to the question of why capitalist polyarchies differ in the extent of their politico-economic gender inequalities. The answer consists of an assertion of a spill-over from high female labour market participation to relatively gender-neutral political and economic indicators. Within the economic sphere the spill-over is facilitated by the strength of socialist parties. In politics, however, political institutions interfere with the asserted spill-over. Electoral systems constitute different institutional barriers: as a consequence of their different modes of operation, female access to the legislatures becomes efficiently blocked in plurality systems, whereas proportional representation allows the spill-over to occur.
From International Reciprocal Education to Multinational Reciprocal Education

This contribution presents an instructional model that aims to offer a convenient alternative to study abroad programs in college education. The instructional model, known as the International Reciprocal Distance Education Model (Vasquez de Velasco & Holland, 1998a), is implemented by means of tactical models that address all possible instructional scenarios of a design curriculum. All the tactical models presented make use of digital network technology as means of delivery. Beyond the development of a conceptual framework that describes the general strategic model and its tactics, the article concentrates on the description of a Virtual Design Studio as the most complex instructional scenario of the array. The article describes how the "Tex-Mex Virtual Design Studio", initially implemented in 1996 for interaction between students and faculty of Texas A&M University and La Salle University in Mexico, has evolved into the "Las Americas Virtual Design Studio" with the incorporation of students in Guatemala, Peru and Brazil. The International Reciprocal Distance Education Model can be applied to a wide variety of disciplines.
Comparison of Growth and Differentiation of Normal and Neoplastic Canine Keratinocyte Cultures

Neoplastic canine keratinocytes derived from a spontaneous oral squamous cell carcinoma were maintained in culture for more than 45 passages. The presence of desmosomes and keratin filaments was demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The keratinocytes were grown in two different culture conditions to induce variations in the stage of differentiation, i.e., in submerged cultures and at the air-liquid interface. For comparison, normal canine keratinocytes were grown under the same conditions. Anisocytosis was present in neoplastic cultures grown submerged in medium. Grown at the air-liquid interface, neoplastic keratinocytes differentiated into a well-organized, multilayered stratified squamous epithelium analogous to normal keratinocytes. Rare areas of irregular growth and formation of whorls were detected. Expression of lectin binding sites and specific cell surface antigens of neoplastic and normal keratinocytes demonstrated marked similarities between the two cell lines. Neoplastic cells lacked certain surface antigens that are present on normal cells. Squamous cell carcinoma cells grew faster than normal canine keratinocytes as demonstrated by growth curve evaluation. Neoplastic keratinocytes responded to growth stimulation by epidermal growth factor and cholera toxin as do normal keratinocytes. Neoplastic cells grown in medium lacking these factors proliferated faster than growth factor stimulated normal keratinocytes.
Patient perceptions and preferences when choosing an orthopaedic surgeon.

Purpose Information regarding patient preferences is important to develop more diversity in healthcare providers. To our knowledge, no information exists regarding how patients choose their orthopaedic surgeon. The purpose of this study is to determine which demographic factors, if any, affect patient preferences when choosing an orthopaedic surgeon.
Comparison of self-reported fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis and controls.

Objective To compare self-reported fatigue in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with age and sex matched healthy controls without RA and to determine the relationships of fatigue to pain, sleep, functional status, depressive symptoms, and disease activity. Methods A sample of 51 patients with RA and 46 age and sex matched controls without RA completed self-administered questionnaires 3 times at 6-8 week intervals. Questionnaires included the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale, Sleep Survey, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and the Profile of Mood States. Patients had blood drawn for hematocrit (Hct) and C-reactive protein on the same day the questionnaires were completed. Results Fatigue scores were significantly higher in persons with RA compared to healthy controls. Fatigue did not change significantly in either group over time. Fatigue was strongly associated with poor sleep, functional disability, greater pain, more depressive symptoms, and lower Hct. Conclusion The importance of assessing fatigue in RA is confirmed. Effective management is needed to control clinical manifestations of RA that were found to be strongly associated with fatigue such as poor sleep, functional disability, pain, depressive symptoms, and lower Hct.
A Direct Route to Bis(imido)uranium(V) Halides via Metathesis of Uranium Tetrachloride

Metathesis reactions between uranium tetrachloride and lithium 2,6-diisopropylphenylamide in the presence of 4,4'-dialkyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (R(2)bpy; R = Me, (t)Bu) or triphenylphosphine oxide (tppo) appear to generate bis(imido)uranium(IV) in situ. These extremely reactive complexes abstract chloride from dichloromethane to generate U(NDipp)(2)Cl(R(2)bpy)(2) or U(NDipp)(2)Cl(tppo)(3) (Dipp = 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3)). The preparation of the bromide and iodide analogues U(NDipp)(2)X(R(2)bpy)(2) was achieved by addition of CH(2)X(2) (X = Br, I) to the uranium(IV) solutions. The uranium(V) halides were characterized by X-ray crystallography and found to exhibit linear N-U-N units and short U-N bonds. Electrochemical measurements were made on the chloride bipyridine species, which reacts readily with iodine or ferrocenium to generate bis(imido)uranium(VI) cations.
Availability of Oxidized Sulfur Amino Acids for the Growing Chick

In four trials, experimental diets were fed to one week old broiler cockerels for a period of 14 days to compare the availability of oxidized sulfur amino acids to DL-methionine on an equimolar basis. The data were analyzed by the slope-ratio technique. Chick weight gain per unit feed consumed was the dependent variable and dietary level of supplemental amino acid was the independent variable. There was no significant (P=.05) differences in availability of DL-, L-, and D-methionine. D-, DL-, and L-methionine sulfoxide were 52, 59 and 77%, respectively, as available as DL-methionine. The differences in availability between the three sulfoxides and DL-methionine were significant. Both DL- and D-methionine sulfoxide were significantly less available than L-methionine sulfoxide. No response was obtained from L-cysteic acid or DL-methionine sulfone.
Organization Theory and the Nature of Man

The literature of organization theory can be classified by categories that reflect underlying assumptions regarding the nature of participants in the organizational milieu. The classification schem...
Granular Application of Systemics for Control of European Pine Shoot Moth

Granules of phorate and Di-Syston® ( O,O -diethyl S -[2-(ethylthio) ethyl] phosphorodithioate) were applied to the soil around small red pine trees for the control of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermuller). Spring applications of 0.24 to 1.2 ounces of phorate and 0.15 to 1.2 ounces of Di-Syston per tree were effective in controlling the shoot moths as interpreted by counts of the overwintering larvae of the next generation. Summer counts made 1 to 3.5 months after the insecticide application did not show a large or consistent reduction, but Summer counts made 16.5 months after phorate applications showed that phorate at 0.6 ounce per tree was still effective. Phorate was superior to Di-Syston in all tests.
“Quise entonces fumar”. El opio en César Vallejo y Pablo Neruda: rutas asiáticas de experimentación

Cesar Vallejo y Pablo Neruda fuman el opio cuando estan escribiendo Trilce (1922) y Residencia en la tierra (1935), respectivamente. No mencionan la droga en sus colecciones, pero ambos escriben al margen de su obra literaria textos sobre su experiencia narcotica: un cuento-testimonio, en Vallejo; confesiones y memorias, en Neruda. Los dos poetas igualmente describen al opio como una puerta de valoracion de lo asiatico, sus costumbres y habitantes. Por medio del analisis de los escritos sobre el opio de Vallejo en su cuento “Cera” de Escalas melografiadas (1923) y de Neruda en su poema “El opio en el Este” de Memorial de Isla negra (1964), este articulo investiga, por un lado, los conceptos esteticos que se revelan en las relaciones del opio con la escritura de estos poetas, y por otro lado, las relaciones del opio con lo asiatico que establecen los escritores como una forma de definir sus concepciones politicas.
Does Presentation Order Impact Choice After Delay

Options are often presented incidentally in a sequence, but does serial position impact choice after delay, and if so, how? We address this question in a consequential real-world choice domain. Using 25 years of citation data, and a unique identification strategy, we examine the relationship between article order (i.e., position in a journal issue) and citation count. Results indicate that mere serial position affects the prominence that research achieves: Earlier-listed articles receive more citations. Furthermore, our identification strategy allows us to cast doubt on alternative explanations (i.e., editorial placement) and instead indicate that the effect is driven by psychological processes of attention and memory. These findings deepen the understanding of how presentation order impacts choice, suggest that subtle presentation factors can bias an important scientific metric, and shed light on how psychological processes shape collective outcomes.
An Introduction to the Windows File System

Performing a search on the files that make up my own Windows installation, plus software apps and utilities, you’d be unsurprised, I’m sure, to hear that Windows is reporting that there are more than half a million files in almost 80,000 folders on my C: drive, all taking up a whopping 182GB of space.
Protein Targeting into and within Chloroplasts

Plastids, like mitochondria, synthesize a subset of their proteins from genes localized within the organelle. Most of their resident proteins, however, are encoded in the nucleus, translated in the cytoplasm and internalized posttranslationally. Many plastid proteins are additionally re-targeted internally to their final destinations and/or assembled into multimeric protein complexes. This chapter describes some aspects of the current state of knowledge regarding the import, targeting and assembly of proteins within chloroplasts. Where it has been investigated, distinct protein import properties have not been identified in plastids with differing morphologies and functions (Halpin et al., 1989b; Boyle et al., 1990; Dahlin, 1993). Consequently, the information presented has been obtained with chloroplasts, but is assumed to apply to all plastid types. Readers desiring more detailed information are referred to a number of excellent recent reviews on this topic (Cline and Henry, 1996; Kouranov and Schnell, 1996; Hauke and Schatz, 1997).
Isotope-Edited Infrared Spectroscopy

Isotope-edited infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying structural and dynamical properties of peptides and proteins with site-specific resolution. Labeling of selected amide carbonyls with (13)C results in detectable sidebands of amide I' vibrations, which provide information about local conformation and/or solvent exposure without structural perturbation to the protein. Incorporation of isotopically labeled amino acids at specific positions is achieved by the chemical synthesis of the studied proteins. We describe the basic procedures for synthesis of (13)C isotopically edited protein samples, experimental IR spectroscopic measurements, and analysis of the site-specific structural changes from the thermal unfolding IR data.
“It’s really fascinating work”: Differences in Evaluative Adjectives across Academic Registers

The properties of academic speech are much less well known than those of academic writing. As part of an attempt to redress this imbalance, this paper investigates evaluative adjectives and their intensifiers in a portion of the MICASE corpus and compares these findings with those from a corpus of academic writing. Results suggest that adjectival evaluation in this spoken register is much more prevalent, but not quite as polarized, as originally envisaged. The study also confirms that even in academic speech really (at least in positive contexts) has become delexicalized, being largely reduced to an alternate for very.
No book to call one’s own: Perspectives on translation and literary creation in Francesca Duranti’s The House on Moon Lake

Francesca Duranti ’s prize-winning novel The House on Moon Lake (La casa sul lago della luna, 1984) has been hailed by various critics as an intriguing concoction of reality and illusion. However , the story ’s main dichotomy seems to be between translation as frustrated desire for possession, and original writing as more fulfilling ownership of the text. The fact that even the possession of a text on the part of its author ultimately proves to be ephemeral does not chan ge the image of translation with which Duranti presents the reader: a mechanical transfer of words, a cowardly, unimagi-native anta gonist to ‘true’ literary creation. This essay examines the ways in which this portrayal is carried out in the text, and its implications in a per-spective on translation that perpetuates notions of weakness and passivity as its defining characteristics.
Sex differences in HIV effects on visual memory among substance-dependent individuals.

ABSTRACTHIV’s effects on episodic memory have not been compared systematically between male and female substance-dependent individuals. We administered the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT–R) to 280 substance-dependent HIV+ and HIV– men and women. Groups were comparable on demographic, substance use, and comorbid characteristics. There were no significant main effects of sex or HIV serostatus on BVMT–R performance, but HIV+ women performed significantly more poorly on delayed recall. This effect was most prominent among cocaine-dependent HIV+ women. Our findings are consistent with recent speculation that memory impairment may be more common among HIV+ women, particularly those with a history of cocaine dependence.
Wave-Particle Duality and Quantity-Quality Complementarity in Natural and Human Sciences: Implications for Credition Research

As predicted by the American chemist, logician, and philosopher Charles Sander Peirce (1839–1914), there appears to be a set of simple concepts that applies to every subject. The Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci series that appear in systems ranging from atoms to DNA, human anatomy, architecture, arts, and the cosmos are well-known examples. During the past 6 years, two additional principles have been recognized and characterized that apply to many organized processes, (i) the Planckian distribution equation (PDE) and (ii) the irreducible triadic relation (ITR) first articulated by Peirce and found to be related to the concept of the category in mathematics. PDE and ITR, being universal principles, may apply to the process of believing in the form of the ‘emotion-cognition-credition’ (ECC) triad which may be irreducible in characterizing and understanding any human goal-directed actions including believing.
Review: Canadian Centre for Architecture Website

Canadian Centre for Architecture Website http://www.cca.qc.ca The website for the Canadian Centre for Architecture, recently redesigned by graphic design firm Studio Lin, addresses and responds to a multitude of contemporary questions regarding the organization of institutional knowledge; user navigation; changing, user-friendly content; and timely access within the digital humanities realm.1 Overall, the redesign astutely asks: How can an interface collapse archive, institutional history, exhibitions, current publications, and ongoing events to create a meaningful experience for each separate user? Directed by a large team in a collaborative effort involving both the curatorial and publication departments at the CCA, Studio Lin designed an interface that blends clear, legible digital craft with profound institutional depth at each link. The site has three main pieces: a top navigation bar with a tab for “Issues” and a search icon, a center zone with shifting CCA-related textual and visual content, and a bottom bar that clearly directs the visitor toward standard institutional information such as the CCA's history and a calendar of events (Figure 1). Figure 1 Opening screen, Canadian Centre for Architecture website (http://www.cca.qc.ca). Most apparent apart from the overall interface is the designed sense of open curation. The openness of the interface encourages the user to reread and recurate the website content based on specific clicks, searches, needs, and desires, in contrast with more traditional, heavily guided sites where direct tabs lead to undisguised information. When the button marked “Issues” is clicked, a color-coded grid pops up and spells out the themes and conversations in which the CCA is currently involved. Also notable are the soft hues of blue, purple, green, orange, red, and more that delineate different parts of the website (Figure 2). The …
Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Achieving Adherence to Positive Airway Pressure Treatment and Dealing with Complications.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common and treatable condition, but therapeutic adherence is limited by numerous factors. Despite advances in positive airway pressure (PAP) technology and a multitude of effective pharmacologic and behavioral therapeutic interventions to overcome the most common barriers to PAP, adherence has not increased significantly over the past 30 years. This review aims to identify the most important factors that impact adherence, common barriers to treatment, and evidence-based treatment strategies to maximize the effectiveness of PAP treatment. Complications of PAP treatment and mitigation techniques are also discussed.
Armed Intervention and Overlapping Conflict

If one state uses armed force on the territory of another state, without its consent, does an armed conflict arise between the two states? If the intervening state targets an organized armed group, operating in the territorial state but beyond its control, is there instead only an armed conflict not of an international character between the intervening state and the armed group? In its 2016 Commentary on the First Geneva Convention, the ICRC answers the first question in the affirmative and the second question in the negative. In such cases of armed intervention, an armed conflict arises between the two states. Importantly, an overlapping armed conflict, not of an international character, may also exist between the intervening state and the armed group. If so, then both the law of international armed conflict and the law of non-international armed conflict apply simultaneously. Let us call this the dual classification approach. Last Fall, I offered a variety of arguments in favor of the ICRC’s position — and responded to the objections of two critics — in a series of posts on Just Security. In this paper, I revisit and partially reframe the debate over armed intervention. I then attempt to move the discussion forward by explaining *how* the law of armed conflict applies during armed intervention and other types of overlapping conflict. Most importantly, which rules regulate attacks by the intervening force against the armed group?
Health Care Access, Utilization, and Cancer Screening Among Low-Income Latina Women.

Introduction:Cancer screening reduces mortality rates for breast, cervical, and colon cancer. Yet cancer screening rates for Latina women are lower than for non-Latino Whites, and below Healthy Peo...
Visual and acoustic components of courtship in the bird-of-paradise genus Astrapia (Aves: Paradisaeidae)

The distinctive and divergent courtship phenotypes of the birds-of-paradise make them an important group for gaining insights into the evolution of sexually selected phenotypic evolution. The genus Astrapia includes five long-tailed species that inhabit New Guinea’s montane forests. The visual and acoustic components of courtship among Astrapia species are very poorly known. In this study, we use audiovisual data from a natural history collection of animal behavior to fill gaps in knowledge about the visual and acoustic components of Astrapia courtship. We report seven distinct male behaviors and two female specific behaviors along with distinct vocalizations and wing-produced sonations for all five species. These results provide the most complete assessment of courtship in the genus Astrapia to date and provide a valuable baseline for future research, including comparative and evolutionary studies among these and other bird-of-paradise species.
Grammaticalization and Bodily Action: Do They Go Together?

ABSTRACTThis response discusses how Keevallik’s suggestion that grammar is in some ways shaped by the tasks and constraints of (cooperative) bodily action relates to the established view of grammaticalization as an “invisible hand” process resulting from routinization of the motor actions of speech as well as general cognitive faculties. While grammaticalization processes have so far mainly been studied in data from connected (and world-representing) discourse, Keevallik addresses indexical modes of language use that are older and inextricably linked to bodily acts. However, to effectively further the understanding of the emergence of grammar, the tasks of embodied action to which it is presumed to respond should be described in less context-specific terms, and greater attention ought to be paid to the emergence of grammatical structures over time. Data are in American English.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received chemotherapy in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS This was a retrospective, single-center study comparing the outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies who received chemotherapy in the ICU with a matched cohort of ICU patients who did not receive chemotherapy. Conditional logistic regression and shared-frailty Cox regression were used to assess short-term (ICU and hospital) mortality and death by 12 months after hospital discharge, respectively. RESULTS One hundred eighty-one patients with hematologic malignancies received chemotherapy in the ICU. The ICU and hospital mortality rates were 25% and 42% for chemotherapy patients and 22% and 33% for non-chemotherapy patients, respectively. Higher severity of illness scores on ICU admission were significantly associated with higher ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.07; P < .001) and hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.05; P ≤ .001). Six-month and 12-month survival estimates posthospital discharge were 58% and 50%, respectively. Compared with the matched cohort of patients who did not receive chemotherapy, those who did receive chemotherapy had a significantly longer length of stay in the ICU (median, 6 vs 3 days; P < .001) and in the hospital (median, 22 vs 14 days; P = .024). In multivariable analysis, the patients who received chemotherapy in the ICU had a trend toward a higher risk of dying by 12 months (hazard ratio, 1.45; P = .08). CONCLUSIONS Short-term mortality was similar among patients with hematologic malignancies who did and did not receive chemotherapy in the ICU, although patients who received chemotherapy had increased resource utilization. These results may inform ICU triage and goals-of-care discussions with patients and their families regarding outcomes after receiving chemotherapy in the ICU. Cancer 2018;124:3025-36. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Association of Pre-End-Stage Renal Disease Hemoglobin with Early Dialysis Outcomes.

Author(s): Kleine, Carola-Ellen; Soohoo, Melissa; Ranasinghe, Omesh N; Park, Christina; Marroquin, Maria V; Obi, Yoshitsugu; Rhee, Connie M; Moradi, Hamid; Kovesdy, Csaba P; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Streja, Elani | Abstract: BackgroundIncident hemodialysis patients have a high mortality risk within the first months after dialysis initiation. Pre-end-stage renal disease (ESRD) factors like anemia management may impact early post-ESRD outcomes. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of pre-ESRD hemoglobin (Hgb) and pre-ESRD Hgb slope on post-ESRD mortality and hospitalization outcomes.MethodsThe study included 31,472 veterans transitioning to ESRD. Using Cox and negative binomial regression models, we evaluated the association of pre-ESRD Hgb and Hgb slope with 12-month post-ESRD all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization rates using 4 levels of hierarchical multivariable adjustment, including erythropoietin use and kidney decline in slope models.ResultsThe cohort was 2% female, 30% African-American, and on average 68 ± 11 years old. Compared to Hgb 10-l 11 g/dL, both low (l 10 g/dL) and high (≥12 g/dL) levels were associated with higher all-cause mortality after full adjustment (HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.15-1.35] and 1.09 [95% CI 1.02-1.18], respectively). Similarly, Hgb exhibited a U-shaped association with CV mortality, while only lower Hgb was associated with a higher hospitalization rate. Neither an annual pre-ESRD decline in Hgb nor increase was associated with higher post-ESRD mortality risk after adjustment for kidney decline. However, we observed a modest J-shaped association between pre-ESRD Hgb slope and post-ESRD hospitalization rate.ConclusionsLower and higher pre-ESRD Hgb levels are associated with a higher risk of early post-ESRD mortality, while there was no association between the pre-ESRD slope and mortality. An increase in pre-ESRD Hgb slope was associated with higher risk of post-ESRD hospitalization. Additional studies aimed at anemia management prior to ESRD transition are warranted.
Electromagnetic Modeling of the Interaction of Cracks in Metallic Surfaces with Open-Ended Waveguides Using an Equivalent Magnetic Current

In previous research a mode matching approach was used to describe the electromagnetic properties of a system formed by an open-ended waveguide and a crack [1]. A more versatile formulation for evaluating the electromagnetic properties in such a system is possible by using a moment solution approach, which eliminates the necessary distinction between empty, filled and finite length cracks, independent of the relative position of the crack within the probing waveguide aperture. The reflection coefficient at the waveguide aperture can be expressed with a generalized scattering matrix, thus making this approach versatile for any incident excitation field [2].
Successful retrieval of disconnected shunt tubing from the right heart and superior vena cava.

A distal limb of a ventriculojugular shunt became disconnected in a child treated for hydrocephalus and chest films showed the tubing had migrated into the right heart and superior vena cava. — The tubing was retrieved under fluoroscopic control by a snare technique (a doubled-over guide wire introduced through a red Kifa catheter via the femoral vein).
Implementation with unknown endowments in a two-trader pure exchange economy

Earlier treatments known to me of the problem of implementation with unknown endowments [Hurwicz, Maskin and Postlewaite, abbr. HMP, (1995); Hong and Page (1994)] deal only with economies of three or more traders. In this note I attempt to fill part of the gap for n = 2. Although in the present note I assume preferences to be known to the designer, I believe that a result in HMP can be used to remove the latter limitation. Theorem 2, p. 391 shown by the Example below, the crucial assumption (Condition A) I use does not make the result vacuous, although Condition A may well be stronger than necessary. Condition A builds on the lower section approach used by Maskin (1979), Moore and Repullo (1990), Dutta and Sen (1991), and Moore (1991), for implementation when endowments are known but preferences are not. (Proposition 7 in Sjostrom (1991) is closely related). I also use some of the techniques developed in HMP. With minor changes the analysis can be adapted for goal correspondences rather than functions.
Volcanism on Io: The Post-Galileo View, and a Comparison with Earth

At the end of the Galileo mission in September 2003, and approximately three years after the Cassini Jovian flyby, it is an appropriate time to reflect on the recent advances made in Io science. Data have been analyzed and volcanic processes have begun to be quantified. This paper reviews these advances from a purely volcano-logical perspective, looking at particular volcanos of interest, and comparing styles of ionian activity with those seen on Earth.
Cardiovascular regulation in response to multiple hemorrhages: analysis and parameter estimation

Mathematical models can provide useful insights explaining behavior observed in experimental data; however, rigorous analysis is needed to select a subset of model parameters that can be informed by available data. Here we present a method to estimate an identifiable set of parameters based on baseline left ventricular pressure and volume time series data. From this identifiable subset, we then select, based on current understanding of cardiovascular control, parameters that vary in time in response to blood withdrawal, and estimate these parameters over a series of blood withdrawals. These time-varying parameters are first estimated using piecewise linear splines minimizing the mean squared error between measured and computed left ventricular pressure and volume data over four consecutive blood withdrawals. As a final step, the trends in these splines are fit with empirical functional expressions selected to describe cardiovascular regulation during blood withdrawal. Our analysis at baseline found parameters representing timing of cardiac contraction, systemic vascular resistance, and cardiac contractility to be identifiable. Of these parameters, vascular resistance and cardiac contractility were varied in time. Data used for this study were measured in a control Sprague-Dawley rat. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the response to multiple blood withdrawals both experimentally and theoretically, as most previous studies focus on analyzing the response to one large blood withdrawal. Results show that during each blood withdrawal both systemic vascular resistance and contractility decrease acutely and partially recover, and they decrease chronically across the series of blood withdrawals.
Homology of Multi-Parameter Random Simplicial Complexes

We consider a multi-parameter model for randomly constructing simplicial complexes that interpolates between random clique complexes and Linial–Meshulam random k-dimensional complexes. Unlike these models, multi-parameter complexes exhibit nontrivial homology in numerous dimensions simultaneously. We establish upper and lower thresholds for the appearance of nontrivial cohomology in each dimension and characterize the behavior at criticality.
Soil organic matter management and root health

In the Willamette Valley of Oregon root rot of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cause economic losses to farmers. This study was conducted to determine whether fresh or composted dairy manure amendments could suppress root diseases and to describe relationships between disease severity and soil characteristics. Field plots were amended with high or low rates of fresh or composted dairy manure in 2001 and 2002. Soils were collected at 2 and 12 months after the first amendment and 2 and 6 months after the second amendment. Greenhouse bioassays were conducted in treated soils to assess severity of damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and root rots of snap bean and sweet corn. Soils were analyzed for soil free (fPOM) and occluded (oPOM) particulate organic matter content, rate of hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA activity), arylsulfatase activity, microbial biomass-C, and percent water stable aggregates (WSA). Two months after amendment, all amendments (except the low rate of manure) reduced the severity of damping-off of cucumber 44 %, root rot of snap bean 25 %, and root rot of sweet corn 52 % compared to the non-amended control. Twelve months after amendment, amended soils no longer suppressed the diseases. All amendments were suppressive after reamendment the following year, and all were no longer suppressive 6 months later. Negative relationships were observed between severity of all three diseases and fPOM, FDA activity, microbial biomass-C, and WSA. Overall, FDA activity was the best indicator of soil organic matter (SOM)-mediated disease suppressive potential. Speaker Information: Heather Darby, University of Vermont Extension, University of Vermont Extension 278 South Main St, St Albans, VT 05478; Phone: (802) 524-6501 ext. 206; E-mail: hdarby@zoo.uvm.edu
Charting the Fragmented Landscape of Drug Synergy

Even as the clinical impact of drug combinations continues to accelerate, no consensus on how to quantify drug synergy has emerged. Rather, surveying the landscape of drug synergy reveals the persistence of historical fissures regarding the appropriate domains of conflicting synergy models – fissures impacting all aspects of combination therapy discovery and deployment. Herein we chronicle the impact of these divisions on: (i) the design, interpretation, and reproducibility of high-throughput combination screens; (ii) the performance of algorithms to predict synergistic mixtures; and (iii) the search for higher-order synergistic interactions. Further progress in each of these subfields hinges on reaching a consensus regarding the long-standing rifts in the field.
Can We Bring it Back Home? A Conceptual Analysis of Localized Support for Reshoring U.S. Textile and Apparel Production

The purpose of this study was to conceptually aggregate and assess resource networks available to firms looking to reshore. Three resource networks were mapped to better understand the landscape in the Southeastern United States, which had been home to much of the domestic textile products manufacturing sector. Manufacturing Extension Partners, the Economic Development Association's Cluster Mapping Project and the National Excess Manufacturing Catalog were reviewed relative to seven states in the region, Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The results offer insight into the potential for rebuilding domestic textile and apparel production in the region.
A rationally enhanced red fluorescent protein expands the utility of FRET biosensors

Genetically encoded Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors are powerful tools to illuminate spatiotemporal regulation of cell signaling in living cells, but the utility of the red spectrum for biosensing was limited due to a lack of bright and stable red fluorescent proteins. Here, we rationally improve the photophysical characteristics of the coral-derived fluorescent protein TagRFP-T. We show that a new single-residue mutant, super-TagRFP (stagRFP) has nearly twice the molecular brightness of TagRFP-T and negligible photoactivation. stagRFP facilitates significant improvements on multiple green-red biosensors as a FRET acceptor and is an efficient FRET donor that supports red/far-red FRET biosensing. Capitalizing on the ability of stagRFP to couple with multiple FRET partners, we develop a novel multiplex method to examine the confluence of signaling activities from three kinases simultaneously in single living cells, providing evidence for a role of Src family kinases in regulating growth factor induced Akt and ERK activities. TagRFP is a bright red fluorescent protein, but undergoes photoconversion to a dark state, making it undesirable for conventional fluorescence microscopy. Here, the authors introduce stabilising mutations to create super-TagRFP (stagRFP) and demonstrate its application as both a FRET acceptor and FRET donor.
Recursive Attitude Prediction

A new recursive attitude prediction method is derived for spacecraft equipped with attitude sensors, such as star cameras. The attitude predictor model is given in an autoregressive form (finite-difference model) and its model parameters are estimated by the prediction error approach with a quadratic norm. In this approach, concerns about system uncertainties (such as unknown external torque, inertia matrix, or initial conditions) are avoided by utilizing a kinematics-based model. Angular velocity is estimated as a byproduct of the attitude estimation algorithm. An example illustrates that the recursive attitude predictor estimates attitude trajectories accurately, for the case of a slowly rotating spacecraft, for a significant time interval without attitude measurements, which allows attitude to be predicted during intervals following occasional data dropout.
Surveillance Imaging following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: State of the Art

Endovascular aneurysmal repair (EVAR) has become a prominent modality for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Surveillance imaging is important for the detection of device-related complications, which include endoleak, structural abnormalities, and infection. Currently used modalities include ultrasound, X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography. Understanding the advantages and drawbacks of each modality, as well available guidelines, can guide selection of the appropriate technique for individual patients. We review complications following EVAR and advances in surveillance imaging modalities.
Meatless Monday National School Meal Program Evaluation: Impact on Nutrition, Cost, and Sustainability

This study evaluated the nutritional, economic, and environmental impacts of a Meatless Monday (MM) National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in a large urban US school district. After averaging the nut...
Biochemical association of metabolic profile and microbiome in chronic pressure ulcer wounds

Chronic, non-healing wounds contribute significantly to the suffering of patients with co-morbidities in the clinical population with mild to severely compromised immune systems. Normal wound healing proceeds through a well-described process. However, in chronic wounds this process seems to become dysregulated at the transition between resolution of inflammation and re-epithelialization. Bioburden in the form of colonizing bacteria is a major contributor to the delayed headlining in chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers. However how the microbiome influences the wound metabolic landscape is unknown. Here, we have used a Systems Biology approach to determine the biochemical associations between the taxonomic and metabolomic profiles of wounds colonized by bacteria. Pressure ulcer biopsies were harvested from primary chronic wounds and bisected into top and bottom sections prior to analysis of microbiome by pyrosequencing and analysis of metabolome using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Bacterial taxonomy revealed that wounds were colonized predominantly by three main phyla, but differed significantly at the genus level. While taxonomic profiles demonstrated significant variability between wounds, metabolic profiles shared significant similarity based on the depth of the wound biopsy. Biochemical association between taxonomy and metabolic landscape indicated significant wound-to-wound similarity in metabolite enrichment sets and metabolic pathway impacts, especially with regard to amino acid metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a statistically robust correlation between bacterial colonization and metabolic landscape within the chronic wound environment.
Remembering the Positive and Negative: Affective Themes as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being Across Adulthood:

The current study explored the link between psychological well-being (PWB; self-acceptance, personal growth, and purpose in life) and affective themes, including redemption (positive endings for ne...
The Political Dimensions of Anti-Asian American Sentiment: Evidence from the 2016 and 2020 American National Election Studies Panel

A spate of anti-Asian discrimination, violence, and hate crimes in the United States since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic spurred the passage of the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act of 2021. These anti-Asian incidents took place during a fractious politicized context characterized by partisan rhetoric blaming China for the pandemic amidst an ongoing U.S.-China trade war. Given the involvement of political leaders in publicly invoking competition and threat, the present study examines anti-Asian American affect using group position theory, which highlights the important role that spokespeople from the dominant group can play in shaping emotions about subordinate groups. Analyzing the American National Election Studies 2016-2020 panel data (N=1211), the results of OLS regressions reveal that among white respondents, perceived China threat is associated with colder feelings towards Asian Americans in 2020, net of feelings towards Asian Americans in 2016. Moreover, warmer feelings towards Donald Trump in 2016 mediates the association between perceived China threat and anti-Asian American emotion, net of various controls, among white respondents. Notably, this pattern of results does not hold for non-white respondents. The results appear to support group position theory’s predictions regarding the influence of political leaders and the media on the dominant group’s feelings towards a subordinate group such as Asian Americans. Future research should explore these dynamics more fully as well as account for the different effects found among non-whites.
Weighing up the evidence used by direct-to-consumer stem cell businesses

Hundreds of businesses across the United States offer direct-to-consumer stem-cell-based interventions that have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Here, we characterize the types of evidence used on the websites of 59 stem cell businesses in the Southwest United States to market their services. We identify over a dozen forms of evidence, noting that businesses are less likely to rely on "gold-standard" scientific evidence, like randomized clinical trials, and instead draw substantially on forms of evidence that we identify as being "ambiguous." Ambiguous evidence has some scientific or medical basis, but its interpretation is highly context-dependent. These findings highlight the interpretive responsibility placed on prospective patients. We identify actions for regulators and professional societies to assist with evaluating evidence, but caution that focusing on the (in)validity of particular evidence types is unlikely to eliminate demand for stem-cell-based treatments in this complex marketplace.