cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One Method for Multilingual Interface Implement Based on Index Structure

To solve the problem of the multilingual version in embedded system software design,such as low utilization rate and low generality,a method is proposed which concludes multi-index constructing for different languages,basic character library and display interface designing and implementing the function of display on LCD using simple pointer calling in application program,also language shift can be done using single key,the design is based on C51 compile environment,thus the method has the characteristic of space saving and simple practical.The method using in greenhouse environmental information acquisition and controlling system is running properly in practice.
"Xiang+NP+VP"and"VP+Xiang+NP"

There are differences between "Xiang+NP+VP"and "VP+Xiang+NP"in VP?NP?the meaning of directional complement which is behind the verb, and dynamic particle which is behind"Xiang". The paper discusses all the differences, and analyses why cause these differences.
Network Interdiction through Length-Bounded Critical Disruption Paths: a Bi-Objective Approach

In this paper the Bi-Objective k-Length-Bounded Critical Disruption Path (BO-kLB-CDP) optimization problem is proposed, aimed at maximizing the interdiction effects provided on a network by removing a simple path connecting a given source and destination whose length does not exceed a certain threshold. The BO-kLB-CDP problem extends the Critical Disruption Path (CDP) problem introduced by Granata et al. in [Granata, D. and Steeger, G. and Rebennack, S., Network interdiction via a Critical Disruption Path: Branch-and-Price algorithms, Computers & Operations Research, Volume 40, Issue 11, November 2013, Pages 2689–2702]. Several real applications of this class of optimization problems arise in the field of security, surveillance, transportation and evacuation operations. In order to overcome some limits of the original CDP problem and increase its suitability for practical purposes, first we consider a length limitation for Critical Disruption Paths. Second, we generalize the concept of network interdiction considered in the CDP: beside minimizing the cardinality of the maximal connected component after the removal of the CDP, now we are also interested in maximizing the number of connected components in the residual graph. A Mixed Integer Programming formulation for the BO-kLB-CDP problem is therefore proposed and discussed, presenting the results of a multiple objective analysis performed through a computational experience on a large set of instances.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Children

Within the past decade, awareness of and interest in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood hypertension has increased. This article discusses the measurement of blood pressure; interpretation of blood pressure levels; causes of hypertension; diagnostic evaluation of hypertensive children and antihypertensive therapy.
The Regulatory Index and Macro Performance

The desire to find out the economic consequences of regulation beats at the heart of most regulatory studies including this one. Rather than proceeding directly from a qualitative assessment of regulation’s increases or decreases, this analysis took the intermediate and important step in Chapter 6 of attempting to quantitatively estimate regulation’s magnitude. Now that the Effective Regulation Index (ERI) provides this quantitative assessment of the intensity adjusted amount of regulation in the U.S., the study pursues several questions about regulation’s impact. Does ERI make a difference for macroeconomic performance? Does it have an impact in addition to whatever impact general government spending has? How do the estimates relate to past estimates of regulatory effects using different strategies for getting at those effects?
Costs and Benefits of Sustaining Wild Tigers in Cambodia: A Strategic Economic Perspective

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the costs and benefits of landscape-scale conservation efforts in the context of Cambodia's existing tiger landscapes. This is important because past efforts to make this case over the last 15 years have failed. Economic aspects of landscape conservation are explored to show that some considerations can complement and reinforce the goal of tiger conservation in Cambodia. Cambodian policy-makers found it difficult to justify and defend the costs of landscape-scale wildlife conservation, partly because conceptual frameworks and tools for evaluating the outcomes of such decisions are not yet part of the decision-making process. A comparison of tiger-occupied landscapes provides some perspective on trends in tiger conservation status; it is the status of human–wildlife interaction within these landscapes that may be more important to understand. Evidence of tiger and tiger prey poaching is evident in all areas where tigers are known to occur despite targeted initiatives to curtail these activities. The Cambodia Protected Area and Development Review outlines the economic significance of the country's protected areas and suggests ways to better acknowledge these values and to link them to planning and policy formulation.
High-Velocity Flow in Open Channels: A Symposium: Mechanics of Supercritical Flow

The theory of high-velocity flow-flow defined as shooting, rapid, or supercritical is presented comprehensively. The principles discussed find practical application in the design of all open-channe...
Isotope Enhanced Approaches in Metabolomics

The rapidly growing area of “metabolomics,” in which a large number of metabolites from body fluids, cells or tissue are detected quantitatively, in a single step, promises immense potential for a number of disciplines including early disease diagnosis, therapy monitoring, systems biology, drug discovery and nutritional science. Because of its ability to detect a large number of metabolites in intact biological samples reproducibly and quantitatively, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has emerged as one of the most powerful analytical techniques in metabolomics. NMR spectroscopy of biological samples with isotope labeling of metabolites using nuclei such as 2H, 13C, 15N and 31P, either in vivo or ex vivo, has dramatically improved our ability to identify low concentrated metabolites and trace important metabolic pathways. Considering the somewhat limited sensitivity and high complexity of NMR spectra of biological samples, efforts have been made to increase sensitivity and selectivity through isotope labeling methods, which pave novel avenues to unravel biological complexity and understand cellular functions in health and various disease conditions. This chapter describes current developments in isotope labeling of metabolites in vivo as well as ex vivo, and their potential metabolomics applications.
Use of organism identification by 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction to shorten antimicrobial length of therapy

Abstract Background Organism detection by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) PCR followed by amplicon sequencing identification may help guide antimicrobial treatment in culture-negative patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of a positive versus negative 16S rRNA PCR on antibiotic length of therapy (LOT) and rate of antibiotic discontinuation. Methods Patients with a sterile site, direct-specimen 16S rRNA PCR negative, and suspected active infection were matched 1:1 with 16S rRNA PCR positive patients based on specimen site and retrospectively evaluated. Results Ninety patients were included ( n =45 positive and negative). 16S rRNA PCR negative patients had shorter median LOT (33days [IQR 8–46] versus 43days [IQR 29–51], P =0.02). Antibiotics were discontinued more frequently in 16S rRNA PCR negative patients (38% versus 4%, P Conclusions For culture-negative patients with suspected sterile site infection, a negative, direct-specimen 16S rRNA PCR may help discontinue antibiotics and decrease LOT.
Comparison of the effectiveness and complications of half and full doses of pegfilgrastim in breast cancer patients

11058 Background: Pegfilgrastim (G-CSF) is a longer half-life synthetic growth factor used to reduce the incidence of infection following myelosuppressive chemotherapy but is associated with bone p...
A propensity-matched analysis of laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

376Background: Laparoscopic-assisted distal pancreatectomy (LDP) has improved perioperative outcomes over open distal pancreatectomy (ODP). Concerns regarding failure to achieve proper oncologic resection and compromised survival remain. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we analyzed patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma over a four-year period (2010-2014). Propensity score nearest-neighbor 1:1 matching (PSM) was performed between LDP and ODP patients based on age, sex, race, insurance, hospital volume, comorbidities, T-stage, N-stage, grade, neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy. Primary outcome was overall survival. Results: Of the 1,947 eligible patients, 605 (31%) underwent LDP. After PSM two well-balanced groups of 544 patients each were analyzed. There was a trend towards improved overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing LDP as compared to ODP (HR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.68-1.0; Median OS 29 vs. 23 months, p = 0.06). Patients undergoing ODP h...
ALK and ROS1 rearrangement in NSCLC: rapidly evolving standards.

Lancet Oncology, The - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mardi 7 novembre 2017
Youth Perspectives on Sexuality Communication With Parents and Extended Family

Objective To explore extended-family sexuality communication and compare it with parent sexuality communication. Background Family communication about sex can protect teens from sexual risk behavior. However, most studies on this topic focus exclusively on the parent-teen dyad; few capture the broader context of teens' family communication. Method Using a mixed-methods approach, a convenience sample of 22 teens from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds were interviewed. Participants were asked to identify family members with whom they talk about sex and relationships, topics discussed, messages shared, and the teens' comfort talking about sex and relationships. Thematic analysis was used to explore participants' shared meanings and experiences. Results Eighty-six percent of teens reported talking with both parents and extended family about sex. Teens were more likely to report that parents than extended family shared messages about delaying sex and avoiding teen pregnancy and gave advice or shared information about sex. Teens were more likely to view extended family than parents as easy to talk with and as having shared life experiences, and some reported avoiding talk with parents about issues related to sexuality due to feeling awkward or fearing a negative reaction. Conclusion Extended family may play a somewhat different role than parents in teens' sexuality communication, but family members showed a largely common set of family values. Implications Extended family may be a valuable teen resource for sexuality communication, particularly when teens feel uncomfortable talking with parents.
Genomic Reorganization Induced by Plant Tissue Culture

Variation induced by the plant tissue culture process is a common feature of regenerated plants or their progenies. Whether the variation is a result of a random array of disparate genetic phenomena or the end result of a chain of events initiated by some aspect of the culture environment is not clear at this time. Genetic, molecular, and cytological analyses will be presented for oat and maize tissue cultures that lead to an hypothesis accounting for the observed genetic and cytogenetic variation. The data indicate chromosome breakage as the principal cytogenetic event, concomitant increases in single gene mutations, activation of Ac and Spm transposable elements, and quantitative trait variation.
Asynchronous, adaptive BCI using movement imagination training and rest-state inference

The current study introduces an adaptive Bayesian learning scheme which discriminates between left hand movement imagination, right hand movement imagination and idle (i.e. "no-command") state in an EEG Brain Computer Interface. Unlike previous BCI designs using minimal training, the user does not have to continuously imagine a movement in order to control a cursor. Rather, the cursor reacts meaningfully only when a trained movement imagination is produced. The algorithmic approach was to compute Gaussian probability distributions in log-variance of main Common Spatial Patterns for each movement class, infer from these a prior distribution of idle-class, and allow each distribution to adapt during feedback BCI performance. By producing a markedly different but complexity constrained partition of feature space than with LDA classifiers, allowing the classifier to adapt and introducing an intermediary state driven by the classifier output through a dynamic control law, 90% level classification accuracy was achieved with less than 5 seconds activation time from cued onset.
Label-Invariant Mesh Quality Metrics

Mappings from a master element to the physical mesh element, in conjunction with local metrics such as those appearing in the Target-matrix paradigm, are used to measure quality at points within an element. The approach is applied to both linear and quadratic triangular elements; this enables, for example, one to measure quality within a quadratic finite element. Quality within an element may also be measured on a set of symmetry points, leading to so-called symmetry metrics. An important issue having to do with the labeling of the element vertices is relevant to mesh quality tools such as Verdict and Mesquite. Certain quality measures like area, volume, and shape should be label-invariant, while others such as aspect ratio and orientation should not. It is shown that local metrics whose Jacobian matrix is non-constant are label-invariant only at the center of the element, while symmetry metrics can be label-invariant anywhere within the element, provided the reference element is properly restricted.
Preliminary Investigation on the Effect of Cognition on Jump-Landing Performance Using a Clinically Relevant Setup

ABSTRACTObjective: Little is known about cognition’s effect on jump-landing movement patterns. Design: Participants completed three baseline cognitive tasks. Then, participants performed three jump...
Enhancing Student Learning on Emerging Infectious Diseases: An Ebola Exemplar

Throughout global history, various infectious diseases have emerged as particularly relevant within an era. Some examples include the Bubonic plague of the fourteenth century, the Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918, the HIV epidemic of the 1980s, and the Zika virus outbreak in 2015–16. These instances of emerging infectious disease represent ideal opportunities for timely, relevant instruction in natural and health science courses through case studies. Such instructional approaches can promote student engagement in the material and encourage application and higher-order thinking. We describe here how the case study approach was utilized to teach students about emerging infectious diseases using the 2014–16 Ebola virus outbreak as the subject of instruction. Results suggest that students completing the case study not only had positive perceptions of the mode of instruction, but also realized learning gains and misconception resolution. These outcomes support the efficacy of case pedagogy as a useful teaching tool in emerging infectious diseases, and augment the paucity of literature examining Ebola virus knowledge and misconceptions among undergraduate students within United States institutions.
The Evolution of Statistical Methods in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences

Purpose Scientists in the speech, language, and hearing sciences rely on statistical analyses to help reveal complex relationships and patterns in the data collected from their research studies. Ho...
Short-term reservoir draining to streambed for juvenile salmon passage and non-native fish removal.

Fish passage out of reservoirs is a critical issue for downstream movement of juvenile salmonids and other migratory species. Reservoirs can delay downstream migrations by juvenile salmon for months or years. Here, we examine whether a novel management activity implementing annual short-term draining of a reservoir to streambed improves timely downstream migration of juvenile salmonids. We analyse 12 years of fish capture data from a screw trap located downstream of Fall Creek Reservoir (Oregon, USA) to examine changes in timing of passage out of the reservoir and to compare fish species composition pre- and post-draining. We observed a contraction in the timing of downstream migration for juvenile Chinook Salmon and reduction of yearlings in years following draining. We suggest that briefly draining the reservoir to streambed leads to reduced abundance of warm-water invasive fishes in the reservoir after it refills. These changes could decrease predation and shift competition between invasive and resident riverine-adapted native fishes in the reservoir. Collectively, our findings suggest that this low-cost reservoir management option may improve passage and connectivity for juvenile Chinook Salmon while also decreasing the abundance of invasive fish species in the reservoir. This case study underscores the crucial need for further evaluations of reservoir draining in other systems and contexts.
Key Markers in the Global Integration of the US Economy

The focus of this chapter is on the broad trends in the evolution of economic and financial globalization since the middle of the last century and the key role that the United States has played in these developments. The United States has had a major impact on these developments as the largest economy in the global system and because of its leading role in the design of the liberal international economic order that has underpinned globalization. The chapter provides an overview of developments in international trade, finance and migration that are examined in more detail in subsequent chapters.
MemSurfer: A Tool for Robust Computation and Characterization of Curved Membranes.

Advances in simulation methodologies, code efficiency, and computing power have enabled larger, longer, and more-complicated biological membrane simulations. The resulting membranes can be highly c...
Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners Meeting Rural Mental Health Challenges

OBJECTIVE: To describe the current rural mental health system crisis in the United States and how psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) can holistically mitigate this systemic issue. METHOD: Respective to the objective, relevant literature is reviewed. RESULTS: PMHNPs have successfully increased access to care in underserved rural communities by practicing at the fullest extent of their scope without mandated supervision, utilizing telepsychiatry practice, while expanding PMHNP rural mental health education and research to meet and absolve pressing rural mental health challenges. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence supports that rural mental health care improves when PMHNPs have full scope of practice, utilize telepsychiatry, engage in related scholarly activity, and have formalized education and training for rural health care delivery, which collectively answer the professional and moral call serving the underserved rural population with mental illness.
The Clinical Characteristics of Fractures in Pediatric Patients Exposed to Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Objectives There are increasing concerns regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of fractures in adults. Few studies have evaluated this risk among pediatric patients. This study examined fractures and fracture location among pediatric patients exposed to PPI compared with those without documented exposure. Study design Encounters for patients 6 months to 15.5 years were identified between July 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 in the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. Exclusion criteria was applied for chronic illnesses, conditions or medications predisposing to fracture. Encounters were classified as PPI encounters if a charge for PPI was documented. PPI encounters were propensity matched to non-PPI encounters. Following initial encounter, patients were evaluated over a 2-year period for hospitalizations resulting from fracture. Results There was a statistically significant higher rate of fractures among the PPI-exposed group (1.4% vs 1.2%, P = 0.019). Adjusting for remaining differences in sex, race, encounter type, payer, and resource intensity after matching, the difference remained statistically significant (P = 0.017) with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.2 (1.0--1.4). Upper extremity was the most common location for fracture; however, the PPI cohort was more likely to suffer from lower extremity, rib, and spinal fractures (P = 0.01). Conclusions This study suggests an increased risk of fracture among pediatric patients taking PPI. Among patients hospitalized with a fracture, those with PPI exposure had a higher rate of lower extremity, rib, and spine fractures compared with controls. This appeared to be a class effect not related to individual PPI agent.
Testing Early and Often: End-to-End Testing on the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a technology demonstration mission designed, built and operated by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab (JHU/APL). The mission's primary objectives are to 1) achieve a hypervelocity kinetic impact with the secondary member of the binary asteroid (65603) Didymos and 2) downlink at least two images of the target with a pixel sample distance of 66 cm or better. Impact guidance is achieved using the onboard Small-body Maneuvering Autonomous Real-time Navigation (SMART Nav) system developed by JHU/APL. The SMART Nav system ingests images from an onboard imager, performs image processing and ultimately guides the spacecraft to impact. In parallel to SMART Nav operations, the spacecraft streams images back to the ground in real-time. At least two images are required from the last twenty seconds of imaging to achieve the desired pixel sample distance. Both onboard guidance and realtime image streaming drive strict data latency requirements. These requirements are levied across multiple subsystems and interfaces, making verification challenging. The highly-integrated spacecraft design and compressed integration schedule also preclude DART from fully testing these data-streams on the flight system before launch. DART has prioritized an early, end-to-end system-test effort with engineering model components and high-fidelity testbeds to address these concerns. This risk reduction effort seeks to demonstrate critical interfaces with adequate data latencies before the start of the Spacecraft Integration and Test phase (I&T). This paper describes 1) the overall mission and spacecraft image processing and downlink driving requirements, 2) the resultant architecture, 3) the risk reduction philosophy and 4) the demonstration plan and early results.
Wastewater and Septic System Management for the COVID-19 Virus: Frequently Asked Questions

This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences answers common questions about the potential role of wastewater and septic systems in transmission of COVID-19. It is intended as guidance for the general public. Written by Mary G. Lusk. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss692
Are Traditional Performance Reviews Outdated? An Empirical Analysis on Continuous, Real-Time Feedback in the Workplace

In order to deliver real-time feedback to support employee development and rapid innovation, many companies are replacing formal review-based performance management with systems that enable frequen...
Biomechanics of the Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis: A Systematic Review of Cadaveric Studies:

Background:This investigation’s purpose was to perform a systematic review of the literature examining the biomechanics of the ligaments comprising the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis with specific...
Knockout of Putative Tumor Suppressor Aldh1l1 in Mice Reprograms Metabolism to Accelerate Growth of Tumors in a Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) Model of Liver Carcinogenesis.

Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) is commonly downregulated in human cancers through promoter methylation. We proposed that ALDH1L1 loss promotes malignant tumor growth. Here, we investigated the effect of the Aldh1l1 mouse knockout (Aldh1l1-/-) on hepatocellular carcinoma using a chemical carcinogenesis model. Fifteen-day-old male Aldh1l1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermate controls (Aldh1l1+/+) were injected intraperitoneally with 20 μg/g body weight of DEN (diethylnitrosamine). Mice were sacrificed 10, 20, 28, and 36 weeks post-DEN injection, and livers were examined for tumor multiplicity and size. We observed that while tumor multiplicity did not differ between Aldh1l1-/- and Aldh1l1+/+ animals, larger tumors grew in Aldh1l1-/- compared to Aldh1l1+/+ mice at 28 and 36 weeks. Profound differences between Aldh1l1-/- and Aldh1l1+/+ mice in the expression of inflammation-related genes were seen at 10 and 20 weeks. Of note, large tumors from wild-type mice showed a strong decrease of ALDH1L1 protein at 36 weeks. Metabolomic analysis of liver tissues at 20 weeks showed stronger differences in Aldh1l1+/+ versus Aldh1l1-/- metabotypes than at 10 weeks, which underscores metabolic pathways that respond to DEN in an ALDH1L1-dependent manner. Our study indicates that Aldh1l1 knockout promoted liver tumor growth without affecting tumor initiation or multiplicity.
Online sizing: examining True Fit® technology using adapted TAM model

Retail fashion is the fastest growing e-commerce sector; however, the industry is facing a serious issue with returns for purchases made online. Retailers are slowly but surely embracing new online...
Quantitative correlation of lumbar foraminal stenosis with local morphological metrics.

Clinical evaluation of lumbar foraminal stenosis typically includes qualitative assessments of perineural epidural fat content around the spinal nerve root and evaluation of nerve root impingement. The present study investigates the use of several morphological MRI-derived metrics as quantitative predictors of foraminal stenosis grade. 62 adult patients that underwent lumbar spine MRI evaluation over a 1-month duration in 2018 were included in the analysis. Radiological gradings of stenosis were captured from the existing clinical electronic medical record. Clinical gradings were recorded using a 0–5 scale: 0 = no stenosis, 1 = mild stenosis, 2 = mild-moderate stenosis, 3 = moderate stenosis, 4 = moderate-severe stenosis, 5 = severe stenosis. Quantitative measures of perineural epidural fat volume, nerve root cross-sectional area, and lumbar pedicle length were derived from T1 weighted sagittal spine MRI on each side of all lumbar levels. Spearman correlations of each measured metric at each level were then computed against the stenosis gradings. A total of 347 volumetric segmentation and radiological foraminal stenosis grade sets were derived from the 62-subject study cohort. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations (p < 0.001) between the volume of perineural fat and stenosis grades for all lumbar vertebral levels. The results of the study have demonstrated that segmented volumes of perineural fat predict the severity of clinically scored foraminal stenosis. This finding motivates further development of automated perineural fat segmentation methods, which could offer a quantitative imaging biometric that yields more reproducible diagnosis, assessment, and tracking of foraminal stenosis.
Outpatient Management of Heart Failure During the COVID-19 Pandemic After Adoption of a Telehealth Model

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether the increased use of telehealth was associated with a difference in outcomes for outpatients with heart failure. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to dramatic changes in the delivery of outpatient care. It is unclear whether increased use of telehealth affected outcomes for outpatients with heart failure. Methods In March 2020, a large Midwestern health care system, encompassing 16 cardiology clinics, 16 emergency departments, and 12 hospitals, initiated a telehealth-based model for outpatient care in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. A propensity-matched analysis was performed to compare outcomes between outpatients seen in-person in 2018 and 2019 and via telemedicine in 2020. Results Among 8,263 unique patients with heart failure with 15,421 clinic visits seen from March 15 to June 15, telehealth was employed in 88.5% of 2020 visits but in none in 2018 or 2019. Despite the pandemic, more outpatients were seen in 2020 (n = 5,224) versus 2018 and 2019 (n = 5,099 per year). Using propensity matching, 4,541 telehealth visits in 2020 were compared with 4,541 in-person visits in 2018 and 2019, and groups were well matched. Mortality was similar for telehealth and in-person visits at both 30 days (0.8% vs 0.7%) and 90 days (2.9% vs 2.4%). Likewise, there was no excess in hospital encounters or need for intensive care with telehealth visits. Conclusions A telehealth model for outpatients with heart failure allowed for distanced encounters without increases in subsequent acute care or mortality. As the pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic abate, these data suggest that telehealth outpatient visits in patients with heart failure can be safely incorporated into clinical practice.
Understanding the role of social support and social support network for depression among informal dementia caregivers: a pilot clinical project on caregivers in NYC.

This study aims to explore the association of depressive symptoms with the informal social support network reported by dementia caregivers participating in a community-based caregiver support progr...
Cognitive risk profiles for anxiety disorders in a high-risk population

The purpose of the present study was to identify subgroups of participants who may be at particularly high risk for anxiety pathology based on specific combinations of demographic characteristics and higher-order cognitive abilities in a population at disproportionate risk for deficits in cognitive abilities (i.e., smokers within the criminal justice system). Participants (N=495) provided demographic information, were administered a semi-structured diagnostic interview, and completed a number of measures assessing cognitive abilities. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) model using signal detection theory indicated that the strongest predictor of anxiety disorder diagnosis was race, with White participants having a 30.6% likelihood of diagnosis and participants in the non-White category (97% of which identified as Black/African American) having a 18.9% likelihood of diagnosis. Interestingly, the individual risk profile associated with the highest probability of having a current anxiety disorder was characterized by White participants with impaired response inhibition (58.6%), and the lowest probability of having a current anxiety disorder was among non-White males (13.9%). The findings, which indicated that White individuals with impaired response inhibition are at a disproportionately high risk for anxiety disorders, suggest a potential target for prevention and intervention.
Select Strength Steel Bumper System

The SS Bumper is a new concept in automobile systems that achieves a very significant weight reduction in steel bumper construction and is capable of meeting the 5 mph FMVSS U.S. Government impact standard. It offers a low cost method of achieving a double digit weight reduction with no cost premium for aluminum or plastic materials. This paper concentrates on describing the configuration of the SS Bumper and a simple, easy to apply procedure for a car application which includes discrete equations for bending strengths, torsional strength and the new dent strength relationships which have been recently developed. One version of the SS Bumper applied to the 1983 Thunderbird is also described.
Increased reporting of menstrual symptoms among women who used induced abortion.

Abstract A mail survey was conducted among 3,222 Japanese women 20 to 44 years of age to determine and compare the characteristics of menstruation among women with and without a history of induced abortion. Women with prior abortion consistently reported an excess of symptoms in all age groups. While it is not yet known whether induced abortion results in a physiologic change in the uterus, it is suggested that a psychic component may be present by which women with prior abortion percieve their menses differently than nonabortion respondents.
Perspectives of Mass Colorectal Cancer Screening and Early Clinical Diagnosis

With the aging and growth of world population and high prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a big burden on global health. CRC is associated with multiple risk factors and its risk factors vary by population which makes intervention very difficult in the general population. Mass CRC screening is effective in reducing CRC mortality and incidence among asymptomatic individuals in the community although the magnitude of effectiveness is small due to many barriers. Based on current literature evidence and the fact of economic crisis, the editorial depicted the perspectives of mass CRC screening and early clinical diagnosis. A currently cost-effective and feasible Risk-Stratification-Based mass CRC screening protocol for CRC early detection and prevention is recommended and emphasized especially benefiting medically and economically underserved populations/areas. Existing issues for future research including urgent needs of serum biomarker and more efficient screening protocol for mass CRC screening are discussed.
Rapid Prototyping of Executable Problem Solving Methods Using MODEL-ECS

This paper demonstrates the capability of MODEL-ECS to support domain users in rapid prototyping of executable problem solving methods (PSMs) (i.e., known as inference structures in the KADS models of expertise). MODEL-ECS is a graphically based conceptual modeling language that is made up of Conceptual Graphs [14] and Actors [6]. In addition to being highly formal and considerably sophisticated, the PSMs resulting from modeling using MODEL-ECS is executable (i.e., executable prototypes). This enables the knowledge engineer to immediately test, and if necessary re-design his knowledge model. This is a major advantage to the contemporary approach of performing the modeling process, and then carrying out the prototyping activity (where one builds a prototype knowledge based system). This paper attempts to demonstrate the capabilities of MODEL-ECS by modeling a simple PSM for Audio System Diagnosis.
Graduate IS curriculum for the 21st century

This paper presents the interim results of the work of the joint ACM/AIS Task Force on Graduate IS Curricula. This Task Force was appointed in January 1998 with the charge of recommending a curriculum guideline for MS programs in Information Systems. The paper describes the initial design and the answers to frequently asked questions about the curriculum. The design of the curriculum is being discussed at a number of international meetings, including HICSS, to obtain input and feedback from the IS community prior to issuing a final set of recommendations.
Site-directed mutagenesis of a soluble recombinant fragment of platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha demonstrating negatively charged residues involved in von Willebrand factor binding.

We have expressed in mammalian cells a fragment (residues 1-302) of the alpha chain of platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib containing the von Willebrand factor- (vWF) binding site. The secreted soluble protein had an apparent molecular mass of 45 kDa and reacted with conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies that bind only to native GP Ib, thus demonstrating its proper folding. After insolubilization on nitrocellulose membrane, the recombinant GP Ib alpha fragment bound soluble vWF in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin with a dissociation constant similar to that exhibited by GP Ib.IX complex on platelets. Moreover, the interaction was blocked by anti-GP Ib monoclonal antibodies known to inhibit vWF binding to platelets. The sequence of GP Ib alpha between residues 269-287 has a strong net negative charge due to the presence of 10 glutamic or aspartic acid residues; 5 of these are contained in the sequence of a synthetic peptide (residues 251-279) previously shown to inhibit vWF-platelet interaction. In order to evaluate the possible functional role of these acidic residues, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to express two mutant GP Ib alpha fragments containing asparagine or glutamine instead of aspartic or glutamic acid, respectively. Mutant 1, with substitutions between residues 251-279, failed to bind vWF whether in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin; in contrast, vWF binding to Mutant 2, with substitutions between residues 280-302, was nearly normal in the presence of ristocetin, but markedly decreased in the presence of botrocetin. Thus, mammalian cells transfected with a truncated cDNA sequence encoding the amino-terminal domain of GP Ib alpha synthesize a fully functional vWF-binding site; acidic residues in the sequence 252-287 are essential for normal function.
Induction of Thioguanine- and Ouabain-Resistant Mutants and Single-Strand Breaks in the DNA of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by 3H-Thymidine

Cultured Chinese hamster cells were labeled with 6-3H-thymidine or 5-methyl-3H-thymidine and allowed to accumulate damage from 3H decays for various periods of time while frozen. The frequencies of cells resistant to 6-thioguanine or ouabain and the amount of DNA damage (i.e., number of single-strand breaks) were determined and compared with the mutation frequencies resulting from X and ultraviolet light irradiation. Whereas 3H decays and X rays made only 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants, ultraviolet light made both 6-thioguanine- and ouabain-resistant mutants. 3H decays originating at the 6 position were two to three times as effective as decays at the 5-methyl position in making drug-resistant mutants, but decays at both sites were equally effective in making single-strand breaks. Mutants and strand breaks produced by beta irradiation of the nucleus probably are the same irrespective of the site of the decay in thymine; these results indicate that the local transmutation effects of 3H decay produce more mutations when they occur at the 6 position than at the 5-methyl position.
Effects and outcomes of third-party reproduction: parents

Third-party reproduction has introduced a host of changing family constellations. Research has shown that children conceived through third-party reproduction are doing well psychologically and developmentally, but what about their parents? How have they coped with the transition to third-party reproduction? Has the experience impacted their marital stability or the quality of their parenting? This review will address parents of children conceived through oocyte donation, parents of children conceived through gestational surrogacy, and gay male parents of children conceived through oocyte donation and gestational surrogacy.
Performance of subgrid-scale models in coarse large eddy simulations of a laminar separation bubble

The flow over many blades and airfoils at moderate angles of attack and Reynolds numbers ranging from 104 to 105 undergoes separation due to the adverse pressure gradient generated by surface curvature. In many cases, the separated shear layer then transitions to turbulence and reattaches, closing off a recirculation region—the laminar separation bubble. An equivalent problem is formulated by imposing suitable boundary conditions for flow over a flat plate to avoid numerical and mesh generation issues. Recent work demonstrated that accurate large eddy simulation (LES) of such a flow is possible using only O(1%) of the direct numerical simulation (DNS) resolution but the performance of different subgrid-scale models could not be properly assessed because of the effects of unquantified numerical dissipation. LES of a laminar separation bubble flow over a flat plate is performed using a pseudo-spectral Navier-Stokes solver at resolutions corresponding to 3% and 1% of the chosen DNS benchmark by Spalart and S...
Manganese and zinc appraisal of selected crops by plant analysis

Abstract The concept of the critical nutrient level in relation to plant growth has been described. The critical deficiency level (CDL) is the nutrient concentration in the tissue associated with a 10% growth reduction from maximum growth due to a deficiency. The critical toxicity level (CTL) is the nutrient concentration in the tissue associated with a 10% reduction in growth from the maximum due to toxicity. Critical Ma deficiency levels were established at 10 and 15 μg/g for blade 3 in cotton and sorghum, respectively, and from 10 to 15 μg/g for mature sugar beet blades. Critical Zn deficiency and toxicity levels in cotton (blade 3) were determined as 11 and 200 μg/g, respectively. Additional research in establishing the critical levels for other nutrients and crops is needed to provide nutrient ranges within which maximum plant growth and yield would result. Research is also needed in coordinating soil tests with plant tissue to determine initial soil test values that would sustain plant nutrient valu...
The role of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in ROS and amyloid plaque formation

The multiple dysfunctional changes associated with a brain affected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) makes the understanding of primary pathogenic mechanisms challenging. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with almost every neurodegenerative disease and neurodegenerative-related event. Alzheimer’s disease is no exception with data suggesting mitochondrial malfunctions ranging from improper organelle dynamics, defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), oxidative stress, and harmful beta amyloid (Aβ) associations with the mitochondria. A major change often associated with AD is impairment of the electron transport chain at complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase (COX). This mini-review concentrates on recent work by our group that sheds light on the role COX deficiency plays in the pathophysiology of AD using a transgenic mouse model. Results suggest that neuronal COX deficiency does not increase oxidative stress and nor increases amyloidal formations in vivo. Conclusions from this work also suggest that Aβ formation is a cause of COX deficiency as opposed to the consequence.
MAGNETIC QUARKS AND ELECTRIC QUARKS IN HADRONS.

Dirac's magnetic monopoles are generalized to have aspects which are similar to the conventional quarks (electric quarks). Such magnetic monopoles are called magnetic quarks. This work assumes that a baryon consists of three solid bodies called electromagnetic quarks, and that an electromagnetic quark and an electromagnetic antiquark form a meson. Each of these electromagnetic quarks is considered to be composed of one electric quark and one magnetic antiquark. Such a speculation solves the difficulty in statistics faced by the paraquark model and allows the existence of anomalous charge conjugation parity $C$ of mesonic states. New baryon mass relations and magnetic moments have been derived. Finally, a strong electric dipole moment is predicted to exist in a baryon state with nonzero electromagnetic-quark orbital angular momentum, $L\ensuremath{\ne}0$.
Sharpened Bonferroni inequalities

Abstract Improved Bonferroni inequalities obtained by I. Tomescu (1986, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 41 , 209-217) are sharpened and the new bounds are shown to be best possible. Similar bounds are given for measures of complemented distributive lattices. Finally, algorithms for finding the hypergraph which gives the sharpest bound are discussed.
Simulation of interfacial instabilities during solidification. I: Conduction and capillarity effects

Abstract A combined Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical method is developed for simulating deformed interfaces arising in the solidification of pure materials. The interface tracking procedure employs marker particles and is the Lagrangian component of the calculation. The field equations are solved in a fixed Eulerian framework, so that the interface passes through the grid layout. Information from the explicitly tracked interface is used to apply boundary conditions at the exact interface location in each computational cell, in contrast with other Eulerian schemes. Consistent with the the established theory, in the absence of surface tension, the present simulations result in different types of behavior such as tip-splitting and cusp formation. For low surface tensions, due to the lack of physical length scales, the solutions are qualitatively affected by grid resolution with no unique solution available. In contrast, with substantial surface tension values the initial perturbation grows to form long fingers. The finger shapes reflect the stabilizing effects of capillarity. Unique solutions can be reached with nonzero surface tension.
Use of standard Gibbs free energies and standard enthalpies of adenosine(aq) and adenine(aq) in the thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Abstract The recent determination [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 33 (2003) 1917] of third law entropies and other calorimetric properties of adenine has provided new values for Δ f G m ∘ (adenine, aq) and Δ f H m ∘ (adenine, aq). This makes it possible to calculate new values of Δ f G m ∘ and Δ f H m ∘ for the species adenine 0 and Hadenine + . New values have also been calculated for d -ribose(aq) and the species of d -ribose 1-phosphate(aq) and d -ribose 5-phosphate(aq). To make calculations on reactants (sum of species) at specified pH, it is necessary to calculate standard transformed Gibbs free energies of formation Δ f G ′∘ m and standard transformed enthalpies of formation Δ f H ′∘ m of the pseudoisomer groups adenine, d -ribose, d -ribose 1-phosphate, and d -ribose 5-phosphate at specified temperatures, pHs, and ionic strengths. These transformed thermodynamic properties are used to calculate apparent equilibrium constants K ′ , Δ r G ′∘ m , Δ r H ′∘ m , Δ r S ′∘ m , and changes in the binding of hydrogen ions Δ r N H in two enzyme-catalyzed reactions involving adenosine and adenine. The apparent equilibrium constants calculated using calorimetric data are in agreement with experimental values determined in 1980. The calculation of transformed thermodynamic properties at various temperatures, pHs, and ionic strengths is quite complicated, so the symbolic facilities of Mathematica R are used to derive functions, calculate partial derivatives, make tables, and calculate plots.
Healing of Photocoagulation Lesions Affects the Rate of Subretinal Fluid Resorption

Abstract We have measured the rate of subretinal fluid resorption in rabbits by monitoring the collapse of small experimental retinal detachments (blebs) filled with either Hanks' solution (non-proteinaceous) or autologous serum. Blebs filled with Hanks' solution resorbed much more rapidly over freshly lasered RPE than normal RPE, but the effect disappeared over 10 to 14 days. This time course corresponds with angiographic and histologic evidence of RPE repair. In contrast, blebs filled with serum resorbed at nearly the same rate regardless of whether the RPE had been lasered or not. We conclude that photocoagulation destroys the RPE barrier acutely, and until the barrier heals non-proteinaceous subretinal fluid will be drawn out rapidly by the oncotic pressure of the choroid. This acute effect of photocoagulation is of uncertain benefit in clinical conditions because of protein in the subretinal fluid, and it seems more likely that photocoagulation works in serous retinopathy by arresting an active source of fluid.