cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Useful and extraneous variability in longitudinal assessment of lung function.

Longitudinal measurement is increasingly used to quantify the effects of recent and ongoing influences on lung function, whether treatments of groups of patients, or exposures of working or community populations. The variability in an estimate, eg , mean annual change in FEV 1 , comes from two sources: variability from true differences in annual change among individuals (called signal), and variability from measurement error (called noise). Signal is useful variability, potentially relatable to explanatory variables, and noise is extraneous. Assuming the variance of true differences remains constant, any increase in noise produces a calculable fall in the proportion of signal in the total observation, which fall we term “signal decay.” This is not a function of the number of individuals, which influences rather the statistical power to determine that observed differences are not likely from chance alone. Imprecision in the estimation of individuals’ rates of change is a major source of signal decay. Within practical limits, this can be compensated for by increasing the length of the study. Higher rates of subject attrition cause signal decay, in addition to loss of statistical power and susceptibility to survivor bias. Increasing the frequency of testing, within a study of constant length, has little effect on signal and noise, but interval testing protects against secular bias and minimizes data loss from subject attrition.
Computer-aided drug design platform using PyMOL

The understanding and optimization of protein-ligand interactions are instrumental to medicinal chemists investigating potential drug candidates. Over the past couple of decades, many powerful standalone tools for computer-aided drug discovery have been developed in academia providing insight into protein-ligand interactions. As programs are developed by various research groups, a consistent user-friendly graphical working environment combining computational techniques such as docking, scoring, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculations is needed. Utilizing PyMOL we have developed such a graphical user interface incorporating individual academic packages designed for protein preparation (AMBER package and Reduce), molecular mechanics applications (AMBER package), and docking and scoring (AutoDock Vina and SLIDE). In addition to amassing several computational tools under one interface, the computational platform also provides a user-friendly combination of different programs. For example, utilizing a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation performed with AMBER as input for ensemble docking with AutoDock Vina. The overarching goal of this work was to provide a computational platform that facilitates medicinal chemists, many who are not experts in computational methodologies, to utilize several common computational techniques germane to drug discovery. Furthermore, our software is open source and is aimed to initiate collaborative efforts among computational researchers to combine other open source computational methods under a single, easily understandable graphical user interface.
Observation of Novel Low-Temperature Hydrogenation Activity on Co/Pt(111) Surfaces

The reactions of hydrogen, ethylene, and cyclohexene have been investigated on Co/Pt(111) surfaces using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). When Co is deposited on Pt(111) at 0.5−1 ML (monolayer) Co coverage, hydrogen desorption occurs in the temperature range of 150−250 K, which is significantly lower in temperature than from pure Pt(111) or a thick Co film on Pt(111). The ethylene decomposition reaction pathway is also significantly decreased on the 0.5−1 ML Co/Pt(111) surfaces. In addition, cyclohexene reaction pathways on 1 ML Co/Pt(111) are different from pure Pt(111) or thick Co films. The only reaction pathways of cyclohexene on Pt(111) or thick Co films are dehydrogenation to benzene and complete decomposition. However, on the ∼1 ML Co/Pt(111) surface, a new hydrogenation reaction pathway to cyclohexane is present at 221 K. These reactions on the Co/Pt(111) surfaces are further compared to our earlier studies of the Ni/Pt(111) surfaces. The novel activity of the 1 ML Co/Pt(111) surface is ex...
On-line computer estimation of carbon dioxide response curves

Anesthesiologists are concerned with the effect of various anesthetics on a patient's central nervous ventilatory control. The most widely accepted method of determining the effect of a drug is to compare carbon dioxide response curves (Δ\(\dot V\)e/ΔPetCO2, where\(\dot V\)e = minute ventilation [in L/min] andPetCO2 = end-tidal carbon dioxide [in mm Hg]) measured before and after administration of the drug. Additional information concerning neuromechanical control can be obtained by also including a measure of the airway occlusion pressure (generally measured 100 ms after occlusion, i.e., P100).
Acceleration of a production rigid molecule docking code

Modeling the interactions of biological molecules, or docking is critical to both understanding basic life processes and to designing new drugs. Here we describe the FPGA-based acceleration of a recently developed, complex, production docking code. We find that it is necessary to extend our previous 3D correlation structure in several ways, most significantly to support simultaneous computation of several correlation functions. The result is a hundred-fold speed-up of a section of the code that represents over 92% of the original run-time. An additional 4% is accelerated through a previously described method, yielding a total acceleration of almost 25times for typical protein-ligand combinations.
Process synchronization without long-term interlock

A technique is presented for replacing long-term interlocking of shared data by the possible repetition of unprivileged code in case a version number (associated with the shared data) has been changed by another process. Four principles of operating system architecture (which have desirable effects on the intrinsic reliability of a system) are presented; implementation of a system adhering to these principles requires that long-term lockout be avoided.
Optimizing Treatment Regimens in Hepatitis C

Scientists and clinicians have made tremendous advances in understanding the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and have developed impressive strategies for treating this hepatotropic virus in the short time since its discovery in 1989. There has been unprecedented success in permanently eradicating HCV infection in many individuals, but the triumphs also have highlighted that current therapies remain ineffective in some patients and carry significant toxicities in others. Thus, response to treatment with peginterferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin, the current standard of care, is neither universal nor guaranteed, and novel approaches are warranted. Patients who attain sustained virological response (SVR)have improved quality of life, significant histologic improvement, and decreased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Although permanent viral clearance is the most prized goal, secondary benefits of interferon (IFN) may be seen in the absence of viral eradication, such as improved histology, regression of fibrosis, clinical stabilization of disease, and even decreased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. When attempting to optimize therapy for hepatitis C, one must always balance goals of therapy with patient tolerability and cost. In the future, IFN-based therapy will be tailored to maximize chance of SVR based on an individual’s pretreatment predictors as well as ‘‘on treatment’’ antiviral response. This article goes beyond the current guidelines for the treatment of HCV infection to examine (1) the use of multiple pretreatment factors to predict response; (2) the use of viral kinetics to guide length of treatment; (3) higher dose ribavirin in genotype 1 infection; (4) retreatment of nonresponders and relapsers; and (5) improving adherence to therapy. A summary of some approaches to optimize antiviral response are found in Table 1.
The mammalian circadian system is resistant to dioxin.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is bound and activated by many toxic ubiquitous environmental contaminants, including the halogenated aromatic hy...
Childhood and current ADHD symptom dimensions are associated with more severe cannabis outcomes in college students

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated higher risk of cannabis use disorders (CUD). However, these studies are limited in that most did not: (a) differentiate the role of hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) and inattention (IN); (b) control for associated psychopathology; and (c) consider more fine-grained CUD-related measures. Our aim was to clarify the unique and interactive contributions of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms to age of cannabis initiation and DSM-IV cannabis dependence, craving, and severity of problems related to cannabis use while statistically controlling for symptoms of comorbid psychopathology in a non-clinical sample of young adults. METHODS: Cannabis variables, current use of cigarettes and alcohol, current and childhood ADHD, and comorbid internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were assessed in 376 male and female undergraduates. RESULTS: Results indicate that current and childhood IN were independently associated with more severe cannabis use, craving, and problem use-related outcomes in young adulthood (p's Language: en
A critical analysis of the view that right atrial pressure determines venous return

A. C. Guyton pioneered major advances in understanding cardiovascular equilibrium. He superimposed venous return curves on cardiac output curves to reveal their intersection at the one level of rig...
Weak effects of a microsporidian parasite on mottled sculpin in Michigan streams

Despite the widespread occurrence of microsporidian parasites in vertebrates and many invertebrates, research regarding their effects on wild populations remains uncommon. We used several metrics o...
Microbial stratification in deeply buried marine sediment reflects changes in sulfate/methane profiles

We examined sediments collected at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 201 Site 1229 on the Peru Margin for microbial populations throughout the sediment column. Heterotrophic cultivation from these sediments yielded numerous colonies from various depths, including 49 bacterial isolates. At ODP Site 1229, there are significant interfaces of sulfate and methane, across which microbial cell numbers increase substantially. At these sulfate/ methane transition zones (SMTZs), however, we observed a decrease in the success rate for the cultivation of bacterial colonies. Utilizing both direct plating and enrichment in different media, we cultivated isolates from the upper SMTZ around 30 m below seafloor (mbsf); however, similar attempts yielded no colonies from within the lower zone at 85 mbsf. The phylogenetic relationships of the 16S rRNA gene sequences for the isolates were determined and most were related to other organisms and sequences previously found in the subsurface belonging to the γ -Proteobacteria, cytophaga ‐ flavobacterium ‐ bacteroides , high G + C Gram-positives, and Firmicutes groups. The most diverse group of isolates from Site 1229 was found between the SMTZs at 50 mbsf. ODP Leg 201 Site 1228 was examined for comparison and yielded an additional 18 isolates from 16 to 179 mbsf that were similar to those found at Site 1229. Direct plating at Site 1228 also showed decreased colony formation in the area of sulfate/methane transition. Our results suggest that heterotrophic bacterial populations are affected by SMTZs in deeply buried sediment.
A new routing algorithm for a class of rearrangeable networks

This paper presents a routing algorithm for a class of multistage interconnection networks. Specifically, the concatenation of two Omega networks which has 2 log/sub 2/ N stages is treated. It is shown that this kind of asymmetric Omega+Omega network can be converted into a symmetric Omega/sup -1spl times/Omega network or a symmetric Omega/spl times/Omega/sup -1/ network. However, they have butterfly connections between the two center stages. A general algorithm is developed which routes a class of symmetric networks. The algorithm routes the network from center stages to outer stages at both the input and the output sides simultaneously. The algorithm presented is simpler and more flexible than the well-known looping algorithm in that it can be applied adaptively according to the structure of the network. It can be applied to routing the Omega-based networks regardless of the center-stage connection patterns, i.e., straight, skewed straight, simple butterfly or skewed butterfly as long as the networks are symmetric. The sufficient conditions for proper routing are shown and proved. In addition, an example is shown to demonstrate the algorithm. >
Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment for Primary Prevention: An Update

BACKGROUND: Interest in cardiovascular biomarkers in primary prevention has increased dramatically in the past decade. This increase has been fueled by an improved understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology, as well as novel technologies for biomarker identification. CONTENT: In this review we provide a brief overview of recent concepts in the evaluation of screening biomarkers, because biomarkers may behave differently when used for screening as opposed to diagnosis or disease staging. The following specific biomarker examples are then discussed, with a focus on data from primary prevention studies: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, B-type natriuretic peptide, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and high-sensitivity troponin T. The article concludes by addressing novel platforms for biomarker discovery, reviewing recent examples from the field of metabolomics. SUMMARY: An ongoing challenge is to develop screening strategies that can identify individuals at risk for cardiovascular events well before symptoms appear. For this purpose, the measurement of soluble biomarkers could be an important adjunct to traditional cardiovascular risk assessment. Recent studies highlight both the strengths and limitations of “novel” circulating biomarkers, and suggest that substantial work is still needed to identify biomarkers that are sufficiently accurate and cost-effective for routine use in primary prevention.
An articulatory view of Kinyarwanda coronal harmony

Coronal harmony in Kinyarwanda causes alveolar fricatives to become postalveolar preceding a postalveolar fricative within a stem. Alveolar and postalveolar stops, affricates and palatals block coronal harmony, but the flap and non-coronal consonants are reported to be transparent. Kinematic data on consonant production in Kinyarwanda were collected using electromagnetic articulography. The mean angle for the line defined by receivers placed on the tongue tip and blade was calculated over the consonant intervals. Mean angle reliably distinguished alveolar and postalveolar fricatives, with alveolars showing a lower tip relative to blade. Mean angle during transparent non-coronal consonants showed a higher tip relative to blade than in contexts without harmony, and the mean angle during transparent [m] was not significantly different than during postalveolar fricatives. This is consistent with a model where Kinyarwanda coronal harmony extends a continuous tip-blade gesture, causing it to be present during ‘transparent’ segments, but without perceptible effect.
Flagellar Hook Length Is Controlled by a Secreted Molecular Ruler

In 1973, when I was still in high school, the flaR gene of Salmonella was described ([30][1]). Null alleles of the flaR gene produced unusual flagellar structures. Instead of the normal basal body-hook-filament structures, flaR mutants resulted in basal bodies with attached hooks of uncontrolled
Matching techniques in global schema design

A global schema is an integrated view of heterogeneous databases. Identifying common types of information from the various local Schemas is an important part of designing a global schema. After matching the entity types and attributes, the designer constructs the global schema by applying a set of integration operators. In this paper, we propose two types of matching techniques and discuss their use in global schema design. Entity type matching partitions the entity types of the local Schemas into subsets with common information. Attributes within each entity type cluster are then matched according to the similarity of their meaning and scope. We define assertion types for both kinds of matching and provide an algorithm to check the consistency and completeness of attribute assertions.
Potential utility of natural products as regulators of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters

Aromatase, the key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. The enzyme is expressed in various tissues such as ovary, placenta, bone, brain, skin, and adipose tissue. Aromatase enzyme is encoded by a single gene CYP 19A1 and its expression is controlled by tissue-specific promoters. Aromatase mRNA is primarily transcribed from promoter I.4 in normal breast tissue and physiological levels of aromatase are found in breast adipose stromal fibroblasts. Under the conditions of breast cancer, as a result of the activation of a distinct set of aromatase promoters (I.3, II, and I.7) aromatase expression is enhanced leading to local overproduction of estrogen that promotes breast cancer. Aromatase is considered as a potential target for endocrine treatment of breast cancer but due to nonspecific reduction of aromatase activity in other tissues, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with undesirable side effects such as bone loss, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Inhibition of aromatase expression by inactivating breast tumor-specific aromatase promoters can selectively block estrogen production at the tumor site. Although several synthetic chemical compounds and nuclear receptor ligands are known to inhibit the activity of the tumor-specific aromatase promoters, further development of more specific and efficacious drugs without adverse effects is still warranted. Plants are rich in chemopreventive agents that have a great potential to be used in chemotherapy for hormone dependent breast cancer which could serve as a source for natural AIs. In this brief review, we summarize the studies on phytochemicals such as biochanin A, genistein, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol, and grape seed extracts related to their effect on the activation of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters and discuss their aromatase inhibitory potential to be used as safer chemotherapeutic agents for specific hormone-dependent breast cancer.
Not an outgroup, not yet an ingroup: Immigrants in the Stereotype Content Model

Stereotype research depicts the generic immigrant as incompetent and untrustworthy. The current research expands this image, specifying key information dimensions (e.g. nationality, socioeconomic status) about immigrants. To see how perceivers differentiate among particular immigrant groups, we extend a model of intergroup perception, the Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878–902), to immigrant subgroups. The SCM predicts that perception centers on competence and warmth, and relates to targets’ perceived status and competition within society. Specified by nationality, race, ethnicity, and class, images of immigrants differ by both competence and warmth, with most groups receiving ambivalent (low–high or high–low) stereotypes rather than the uniform low–low for the generic immigrant. As predicted, ambivalent stereotypes reflect target nationality combined with socioeconomic status, supporting the SCM’s ambivalent stereotypes and social structural hypotheses, as well as better defining immigrant stereotypes and their contingencies.
Unified theories of cognition

Unified theories of cognition (UTCs) offer an alternative to the modal 'divide and conquer' methodology within cognitive science and attempt to address the full range of cognitive activity within a single theoretical framework. These theories, also termed 'cognitive architectures' are generally computational in nature and are intended to model, at some degree of fidelity, human cognition in a broad range of tasks. This style of research has numerous advantages, not the least of which being that the actual human cognitive system is itself an integrated system and many important tasks require bringing integrated capabilities to bear. There are also drawbacks, particularly dealing with the incompleteness of the knowledge base in cognitive science and the difficulty of evaluating such theories. Three architectures are profiled, each one representing a different 'home' discipline: from AI, Soar; from cognitive psychology, Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational; and from neuroscience, Leabra. Future directions for UTCs include expansion into branches of cognition not already well represented, such as spatial cognition, and increasing attention to cognitive moderators such as emotion and fatigue. Overall, this is a powerful research strategy that is likely to remain an important part of cognitive science for the foreseeable future. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:431-438. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1180 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Spectral hole burning for ultrasound-modulated optical tomography of thick tissue

We apply spectral hole burning (SHB)-aided detection in ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT) to image optical het- erogeneities in thick tissue-mimicking phantom samples and chicken breast tissue. The efficiency of SHB is improved by using a Tm 3+ :YAG crystal of higher doping concentration (2.0-atomic%) and a double-pass pumping configuration, in which the pump beam is transmitted through the crystal twice to burn a deeper spectral hole with the available opti- cal intensity. With the improved SHB-UOT system, we image absorbing, scattering, and phase objects that are embedded in the middle plane of a 30-mm-thick phantom sample. The imaging resolution was 0.5 mm in the lateral direction, as defined by the focal width of the ultrasonic transducer, and 1.5 mm in the axial direction, as determined by the ultrasonic burst length. We also image two absorbing objects embed- ded in a 32-mm-thick chicken breast sample. The results suggest that the improved SHB-UOT system is one step closer to the practical opti- cal imaging application in biological and clinical studies. C
Detecting IP covert timing channels by correlating packet timing with memory content

Current covert timing channel detection relies upon discerning the underlying regularity that must be present in the packet interarrival times (PIATs) in order for the channel to carry information. But, it is not hard for a determined adversary to defeat detection. Existing algorithms look only at the PIATs. We hypothesized that detection could be improved by also exploiting knowledge about the system from which the exfiltration is occurring. In particular, the bits that are being extruded likely reside in memory at some point during the transmission. Any correlation between memory content and interpacket time delays-even a remote one-is no coincidence. It suggests an active timing channel. Furthermore, even if the data has been encrypted prior to transmission, at least a portion of the corresponding ciphertext should reside somewhere in the address space used by the rogue process. We tested this approach against an adversary applying increasingly sophisticated schemes to conceal an IP timing channel. Even when the attack escalated well beyond the level at which other detection methods failed, our method identified (and decoded) the covert communication.
Global MHD modeling of resonant ULF waves: Simulations with and without a plasmasphere

We investigate the plasmaspheric influence on the resonant mode coupling of magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves using the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. We present results from two different versions of the model, both driven by the same solar wind conditions: one version that contains a plasmasphere (the LFM coupled to the Rice Convection Model, where the Gallagher plasmasphere model is also included) and another that does not (the stand-alone LFM). We find that the inclusion of a cold, dense plasmasphere has a significant impact on the nature of the simulated ULF waves. For example, the inclusion of a plasmasphere leads to a deeper (more earthward) penetration of the compressional (azimuthal) electric field fluctuations, due to a shift in the location of the wave turning points. Consequently, the locations where the compressional electric field oscillations resonantly couple their energy into local toroidal mode field line resonances also shift earthward. We also find, in both simulations, that higher-frequency compressional (azimuthal) electric field oscillations penetrate deeper than lower frequency oscillations. In addition, the compressional wave mode structure in the simulations is consistent with a radial standing wave oscillation pattern, characteristic of a resonant waveguide. The incorporation of a plasmasphere into the LFM global MHD model represents an advance in the state of the art in regard to ULF wave modeling with such simulations. We offer a brief discussion of the implications for radiation belt modeling techniques that use the electric and magnetic field outputs from global MHD simulations to drive particle dynamics.
A Job Analysis of the Functions of the Physical Education Teacher

(1936). A Job Analysis of the Functions of the Physical Education Teacher. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 550-594.
Isolation and Characterization of Tn5 Mutants of PseudomonasSyringae Pv. Phaseolicola which Fail to Elicit a Hypersensitive Response

When phytopathogenic bacteria are introduced into nonhost plants, they generally elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) which is thought to be involved in the resistance of the plant to the bacteria. The mechanism by which bacteria elicit an HR is unknown. Nonphytopathogenic bacteria do not elicit an HR, but it is unclear how the plant distinguishes between potential pathogens and other bacteria. In order to examine this problem we have isolated and begun to characterize bacterial mutants which fail to elicit an HR in a nonhost plant. For this purpose we are studying Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola which is the causative agent of halo blight disease of snap beans. P. s. phaseolicola elicits a hypersensitive response when a suspension of the bacteria is injected into leaves of Nicotiana tabacum.
Extraosseous localization of 99mTc-MDP in ganglioneuroblastoma.

A 21/2-year-old boy with a posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroblastoma was evaluated by bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-MDP and showed a marked increased uptake in the tumor mass. Although a routine chest X-ray and body CT scan failed to demonstrate calcification, X-ray examination of the removed tumor specimen revealed small scattered calcification. The proposed mechanisms of the radiopharmaceutical localization in benign and malignant tumors other than calcification/mineralization are discussed. Regardless of the mechanism, localization of a bone scanning agent in a tumor provides a rapid, simple, and noninvasive means of demonstrating tumor size, configuration, and the relation of the surrounding structures to the tumor.
The Impact of Gender and Dual Career Issues on Work-Family Decisions

This study examines the relationship between family responsibilities and family support, on the one hand, and decisions by men and women concerning owning their own business, as well as how many hours they work in that business. We used data collected by the U.S. Current Population Survey (CPS) between 1989 and 2011, and had a starting sample of 823,090 individuals, and a final sample of 13,887. We found that both women and men are more inclined to own a business when they are married, have children, or receive financial support from their spouse. We also found widespread gender differences in these analyses. Financial support from a spouse has a larger impact on women than on men. The influence of marriage on owning a business is stronger for women than for men. The findings also indicate that male business owners work longer hours if they have young children. In contrast, female business owners reduce their work hours if they are married, have young children, and receive support from their spouse. The r...
The challenge of Propionibacterium acnes and revision shoulder arthroplasty: a review of current diagnostic options.

Background Propionibacterium acnes is the most common cause of infection after shoulder arthroplasty. Whereas there are several methods that can aid in the diagnosis of P. acnes infection, there is not a single "gold standard" because of the difficulties inherent in identifying this bacterium. We present an evidence-based discussion of the demographic, clinical, and radiographic predictors of P. acnes infection and review the current options for diagnosis. Methods This review was written after a comprehensive analysis of the current literature related to shoulder periprosthetic joint infection and P. acnes identification. Results and Conclusions Of the techniques reviewed, α-defensin had the highest sensitivity in detecting P. acnes infection (63%). C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were often normal in cases of infection. Whereas P. acnes can be challenging to successfully diagnose, there are several options that are considered preferable because of their higher sensitivities and specificities. The current gold standard is intraoperative culture, but major advances in molecular techniques may provide future improvements in diagnostic accuracy.
A New Climatology for Investigating Storm Influences in and on the Extratropics

AbstractThe NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Climatology of Mid-Latitude Storm Area (MCMS) project is a set of tools for examining midlatitude cyclones in model-generated data. The MCMS software has two primary tasks. The first task identifies and tracks likely cyclones in sea level pressure fields. Special care is taken to minimize the known problems of this approach near steep or high topography. The second task finds the outermost closed pressure contour that uniquely surrounds each cyclone center, or collection of centers in the case of multicenter cyclones. This enclosed area is then used as a rough proxy for the domain over which a cyclone influences its immediate environment. Here the MCMS software is applied to several decades of reanalysis data. These results are shown to be consistent with the findings of a recent intercomparison of cyclone-finding methods. Besides providing details concerning cyclone storm area, the MCMS software departs from other cyclone-finding methods by provid...
University Factors of Affecting Educational Donation Policy Executive

University is one of the core elements that affect educational donation policy's executive.And the interfering are factors being short of consciousness,belif of waiting for windfalls,lack of complete programming,single-category of donation,low specification degree and unregulated capital using.The way out is to build up the active concept,establish university program, increase breeds and ways,enhance the group's professional constructing regulatedonation's,open capital management and so on.
Numerical simulation of separation effect on traditional and new type rotational flow sedimentation tank

Based on the FLUENT CFD simulation software,the numerical models on the traditional and new type rotational flow sedimentation tank were set up and simulated,and the separation efficiency curve and accumulation efficiency curve were obtained.After analyzing,the deposition characteristics of ferric oxide particles inside the two flow sedimentation tanks were shown. These results provide a theoretical basis for the further improvement of the new type rotational flow sedimentation tank.
Risk of preterm birth by subtype among Medi-Cal participants with mental illness

Background Previous studies have demonstrated an association between mental illness and preterm birth (before 37 weeks). However, these investigations have not simultaneously considered gestation of preterm birth, the indication (eg, spontaneous or medically indicated), and specific mental illness classifications. Objective The objective of the study was to examine the likelihood of preterm birth across gestational lengths and indications among Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid program) participants with a diagnostic code for mental illness. Mental illnesses were studied by specific illness classification. Study Design The study population was drawn from singleton live births in California from 2007 through 2011 in the birth cohort file maintained by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, which includes birth certificate and hospital discharge records. The sample was restricted to women with Medi-Cal coverage for prenatal care. Women with mental illness were identified using International Classification of Diseases , ninth revision, codes from their hospital discharge record. Women without a mental illness International Classification of Diseases , ninth revision, code were randomly selected at a 4:1 ratio. Adjusting for maternal characteristics and obstetric complications, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for preterm birth comparing women with a mental illness diagnostic code with women without such a code. Results We identified 6198 women with a mental illness diagnostic code and selected 24,792 women with no such code. The risk of preterm birth in women with a mental illness were 1.2 times higher than women without a mental illness (adjusted relative risk, 1.2, 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.3). Among the specific mental illnesses, schizophrenia, major depression, and personality disorders had the strongest associations with preterm birth (adjusted relative risks, 2.0, 2.0 and 3.3, respectively). Conclusion Women receiving prenatal care through California's low-income health insurance who had at least 1 mental illness diagnostic code were 1.2–3.3-times more likely to have a preterm birth than women without a mental illness, and these risks persisted across most illness classifications. Although it cannot be determined from these data whether specific treatments for mental illness contribute to the observed associations, elevated risk across different diagnoses suggests that some aspects of mental illness itself may confer risk.
Epigenetic Alterations to NR3C1 and HSD11B2 and the Developmental Origins of Mental Disease Risk

Gestation is one of the most critical periods of human development where adverse exposures occurring during pregnancy can shape the health of the offspring over the life course and contribute to the intergenerational transmission of disease risk. Many psychiatric conditions are now thought to originate in part in utero. As such, a myriad of gestational exposures may contribute to the biological embedding of poor mental health for the next generation. Increasingly, researchers are examining epigenetic alterations as mechanisms linking prenatal exposures to offspring mental disease risk. Epigenetic alterations, which can functionally regulate gene expression and thus phenotype, are tremendously sensitive to intrauterine exposures. Epigenetic mechanisms related to neuroendocrine regulation may be the linking mechanisms between adverse in utero exposures and later life poor mental health. This chapter reviews the evidence linking (1) prenatal exposures to epigenetic modification of genes involved in the regulation of cortisol (NR3C1 and HSD11B2) and (2) how such epigenetic alterations can in turn lead to changes in offspring mental disease risk.
Building Dictionaries: The DictionaryBase Class and the SortedList Class

A dictionary is a data structure that stores data as a key–value pair. The DictionaryBase class is used as an abstract class to implement different data structures that all store data as key–value pairs. These data structures can be hash tables, linked lists, or some other data structure type. In this chapter, we examine how to create basic dictionaries and how to use the inherited methods of the DictionaryBase class. We will use these techniques later when we explore more specialized data structures. One example of a dictionary-based data structure is the SortedList. This class stores key–value pairs in sorted order based on the key. It is an interesting data structure because you can also access the values stored in the structure by referring to the value's index position in the data structure, which makes the structure behave somewhat like an array. We examine the behavior of the SortedList class at the end of the chapter. THE DICTIONARYBASE CLASS You can think of a dictionary data structure as a computerized word dictionary. The word you are looking up is the key, and the definition of the word is the value. The DictionaryBase class is an abstract (MustInherit) class that is used as a basis for specialized dictionary implementations. The key–value pairs stored in a dictionary are actually stored as DictionaryEntry objects. The DictionaryEntry structure provides two fields, one for the key and one for the value.
Design, Challenges, and Implications of Quality Improvement Projects Using the Electronic Medical Record Case Study: A Protocol to Reduce the Burden of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication of cardiac surgery, which results in increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and hospital costs. We developed and followed a process map to implement a protocol to decrease POAF: (1) identify stakeholders and form a working committee, (2) formal literature and guideline review, (3) retrospective analysis of current institutional data, (4) data modeling to determine expected effects of change, (4) protocol development and implementation into the electronic medical record, and (5) ongoing review of data and protocol adjustment. Retrospective analysis demonstrated that POAF occurred in 29.8% of all cardiovascular surgery cases. Median length of stay was 2 days longer ( P $200 000 annually could be saved. A clinically based electronic medical record tool was implemented into the electronic medical record to aid preoperative clinic providers in identifying patients eligible for prophylactic amiodarone. Initial results during the 9-month period after implementation demonstrated a reduction in POAF in patients using the protocol, compared with those who qualified but did not receive amiodarone and those not evaluated (11.1% versus 38.7% and 38.8%; P =0.022); however, only 17.3% of patients used the protocol. A standardized methodological approach to quality improvement and electronic medical record integration has potential to significantly decrease the incidence of POAF, length of stay, and total variable cost in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgeries. This framework for quality improvement interventions may be adapted to similar clinical problems beyond POAF.
Short Communication on “In-situ TEM ion irradiation investigations on U3Si2 at LWR temperatures”

Abstract The radiation-induced amorphization of U 3 Si 2 was investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy using 1 MeV Kr ion irradiation. Both arc-melted and sintered U 3 Si 2 specimens were irradiated at room temperature to confirm the similarity in their responses to radiation. The sintered specimens were then irradiated at 350 °C and 550 °C up to 7.2 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 to examine their amorphization behavior under light water reactor (LWR) conditions. U 3 Si 2 remains crystalline under irradiation at LWR temperatures. Oxidation of the material was observed at high irradiation doses.
Implicating Cryptic and Novel Anophelines as Malaria Vectors in Africa

Entomological indices and bionomic descriptions of malaria vectors are essential to accurately describe and understand malaria transmission and for the design and evaluation of appropriate control interventions. In order to correctly assign spatio-temporal distributions, behaviors and responses to interventions to particular anopheline species, identification of mosquitoes must be accurately made. This paper reviews the current methods and their limitations in correctly identifying anopheline mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa, and highlights the importance of molecular methods to discriminate cryptic species and identify lesser known anophelines. The increasing number of reports of Plasmodium infections in assumed “minor”, non-vector, and cryptic and novel species is reviewed. Their importance in terms of evading current control and elimination strategies and therefore maintaining malaria transmission is emphasized.
Two Hundred Years of Change in Health and Development

Health and development have a symbiotic relationship that impacts human potential as well as community and national capabilities. Although the relationship between health and development has been discussed for centuries, there is no concrete agreement as to which deserves primacy as a key to improving well-being. A healthy population can contribute to economic growth, and economic growth provides financial resources that can, in turn, be invested in inputs to health and overall well-being. The improvement in the wealth and health of much of the world’s population that occurred from the 18th to the 21st century serves as an example of the interaction between the health of a population, the welfare of a state, and overall well-being. Parts of the Americas, Australia, Europe and China realized large improvements in well-being but regions such as Africa and South East Asia lagged behind. Although various theories attempt to explain the outcomes, no single theory has been able to fully explain both the improvement and the divergence. Rather, the theories offer different perspectives in terms of the impact and interaction of the growth in national wealth and human health, and describe how geographic location and political institutions inform national needs and capabilities . These, in turn, inform policy options that direct the development trajectory. This chapter examines the theoretical and empirical roots of the health and development paradigm, and introduces standard measurements used to gauge change in health and development outcomes.
Nutritional Considerations Following Bariatric Surgery

Obesity is expected to remain a prevalent and costly disease in the United States and worldwide for the foreseeable future. Traditional approaches to weight management such as dietary modification, increasing exercise, lifestyle and behavioral interventions, as well as nonsurgical options like pharmaceuticals may help patients achieve modest weight loss but significant and sustained weight loss is rare. In those patients for whom medical management proves inadequate, bariatric surgery may be considered. The procedure has been consistently shown to help obese patients achieve significant and sustained weight loss with concurrent improvement of obesity-related comorbid medical conditions and quality of life. Bariatric surgery is often referred as a “tool” to assist patients in achieving their weight-loss goals, reducing or eliminating obesity-related comorbid conditions, and improving quality of life.
Políticas de la metamorfosis en Juan Rodolfo Wilcock

Este trabajo explora como la representacion de ciertas figuras y experiencias negativas en la narrativa de Juan Rodolfo Wilcock, funciona como desfamiliarizacion de la logica de lo politico definido, segun Carl Schmitt, como el antagonismo amigo-enemigo. Desde esta perspectiva se analizan la figura de la metamorfosis, y sus correlatos de la soledad y la estupidez, como afectos, experiencias y estados negativos que, por un lado, funcionan como criticas a la nocion de comunidad y, por otro, vuelven imposible la logica antagonica de lo politico.
Literature in Translation – Modern Arabic

Technological inventions in recent decades having so totally revolutionized the nature and extent of communications between various parts of the world, it is difficult to appreciate how severely restricted inter-cultural knowledge was even in the almost immediate past. Translation has always been one of the few media available for the transference of ideas and emotions from one language group to another and, as we shall see, even it has been of remarkably limited range and influence, certainly between the peoples of the Near East and the English-speaking world. Fear and dislike of what is different and therefore seemingly threatening are natural human responses that have governed international relations throughout history; that translation has been and continues to be so limited an influence mitigating such fear and dislike is surely tragic. A brief survey of translation from Arabic to English in previous centuries will hopefully assist us in viewing the range of modern materials available in book form in a proper perspective.
Psychopharmacology: The Significance and Insignificance of Drugs: Two Paradigms

Conflict is expressed in the vast majority of clinician—patient interactions —over the definition of the problem, the goals of treatment, the methods of treatment, and conditions of treatment and the relationship itself — and negotiation by various strategies is essential to the resolution of the conflict.
Longterm Serum-Free Culture of Murine Hybridomas

Abstract We have established a sub-clone of the murine hybridoma C1E3, termed C1E3.10. This sub-clone was derived by adaptation to the serum-free/defined medium Excell 300 (1), followed by recloning for high antibody secretion. Production of monoclonal antibody in stationary flask cultures gave similar results in both serum containing and EXCELL 300 medium. Using this cell line we have monitored the production of monoclonal antibody in EXCELL 300 over an extended period of culture, greater than 75 days, in a small scale cell entrapment bioreactor, (Dynacell). The levels of glucose, lactic acid and glutamine in the reservoir of the bioreactor were monitored and analysed. Variations in concentration of lactic acid, in particular, had a profound effect on the rate of antibody production.