cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of ethanol on hepatic uptake and distribution of narcotics in the isolated perfused rabbit liver.

This study was performed as an initial step in systematically defining the hepatic interactions between ethanol and opioids using a controlled in vitro system. The acute effects of ethanol on the initial uptake and distribution of long- and short-acting narcotics were studied using isolated rabbit liver perfused with rabbit blood without or with ethanol. A pulse injection of 1.5 mg of 14C-labeled narcotic [methadone, 1-α-acetylmethadol (LAAM), morphine, or meperidine] was made into the portal vein cannula followed by perfusion for 2 min. Radioactivity was determined in liver homogenates and subcellular fractions; methadone and its metabolites were measured by thin-layer chromatography with zonal scanning in each fraction. Ethanol preperfusion and concomitant ethanol perfusion did not effect hepatic uptake of methadone, LAAM, morphine, or meperidine. Although subcellular localization of morphine and meperidine differed from that of methadone and LAAM, perfusion with ethanol did not alter the acute hepatic uptake and distribution of any of the narcotics. These findings suggest that acute exposure to ethanol does not alter the acute hepatic disposition of narcotics.
CAN SINGLE-LOOP DETECTORS DO THE WORK OF DUAL-LOOP DETECTORS?

Real-time speed and vehicle-classification data are important inputs for modern freeway traffic control and management systems. However, these data are not directly measurable by single-loop detectors. Although dual-loop detectors provide speeds and classified vehicle volumes, there are too few of them on our current freeway systems to meet the practical ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management System) needs, and the cost of upgrading from a single-loop detector to a dual-loop detector is high. This makes it extremely desirable to develop appropriate algorithms to make single-loop detectors capable of performing the tasks of double loops. This paper presents just such an algorithm, i.e., one that uses single-loop measurements to provide accurate speed and vehicle-classification estimates. There are three steps in the algorithm: (1) to separate intervals with long vehicles (LVs) from those without; (2) to use measurements of intervals without LVs for speed estimation; and (3) to identify LV volumes for the intervals with LVs using the estimated speed. Preliminary tests for both spatial transferability and temporal transferability of the algorithm were performed, and the results were encouraging.
Noise-Resistant Payload Anomaly Detection for Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems are an essential part of a global security solution and effectively complement signature-based detection schemes. Its strength in detecting previously unknown and never seen attacks make it attractive, but it is more prone to higher false positives. In this paper, we present a simple payload based intrusion detection scheme that is resilient to contaminated traffic that may unintentionally be used during training. Our results show that, by adjusting the two tuning parameters used in our approach, the ability to detect attacks while maintaining low false positives is not hindered, even when 10% of the training traffic consists of attacks. Test results also show that our approach is not sensitive to changes in the parameters, and a wide range of values can be used to yield high per-packet detection rates (over 99.5%) while keeping false positives low (below 0.3%).
Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

Cisplatin, a commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic, has a dose-limiting side effect of nephrotoxicity. Approximately 30% of patients administered cisplatin suffer from kidney injury, and there are limited treatment options for the treatment of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Suramin, which is Federal Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, improves kidney function after various forms of kidney injury in rodent models. We hypothesized that suramin would attenuate cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Suramin treatment before cisplatin administration reduced cisplatin-induced decreases in kidney function and injury. Furthermore, suramin attenuated cisplatin-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in the kidney cortex. Treatment of mice with suramin 24 h after cisplatin also improved kidney function, suggesting that the mechanism of protection is not by inhibition of tubular cisplatin uptake or its metabolism to nephrotoxic species. If suramin is to be used in the context of cancer, then it cannot prevent cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Suramin did not alter the dose-response curve of cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, suramin pretreatment of mice harboring lung adenocarcinomas did not alter the initial cytotoxic effects of cisplatin (DNA damage and apoptosis) on tumor cells. These results provide evidence that suramin has potential as a renoprotective agent for the treatment/prevention of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and justify future long-term preclinical studies using cotreatment of suramin and cisplatin in mouse models of cancer.
Brian Kane, Sound Unseen: Acousmatic Sound in Theory and Practice

Interdisciplinary texts, such as Brian Kane’s Sound Unseen, are hard to assess by virtue of their in-betweenness. They cannot be situated neatly into an academic milieu and judged according to insu...
A Theorem on Algebraic Quadratic Forms and Its Application in the General Theory of Relativity

(1928). A Theorem on Algebraic Quadratic Forms and Its Application in the General Theory of Relativity. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 21-24.
Changes In The Bacterial Flora Of Sewage During Storage

Bacteria, like other living things, are within narrow limits adapted to their environment; and in general the different kinds of micro-organisms will be found in fullest activity only under certain rather definite conditions. Each disease has its specific microbe, each different process of decomposition or fermentation is carried on by its own group of bacteria, and water, air, and milk have their more or less constant flora. A priori, we might expect to find the same law operating in regard to sewage. To quote from Jordan (1), one of the earliest American investigators of this subject: "The sewage itself?a nutritive medium of varying composition and richness ? will contain only those species capable of living and holding their own in the continual struggle for existence. So far as the conditions of life in sewage differ from conditions of life elsewhere, so far will the sewage be inhabited by species peculiarly adapted to those conditions; just as we find, for example, that, among the multitude of bacteria ?Received for publication October 28, 1903. 170
High Degree of Crystalline Perfection in Spontaneously Grown GaN Nanowires

We have grown a variety of isolated GaN nanowires using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and characterized their structural and optical properties. The nanowires have demonstrated a number of promising materials characteristics, including low defect density and high luminescence intensity. Well separated nanowires formed spontaneously on Si(111) substrates after deposition of a thin AlN buffer layer. Metal catalysts were not used. X-ray diffraction indicates that the c and a lattice parameters are within 0.01 % of the lattice parameters of bulk GaN. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the nanowires to be free of dislocations and stacking faults, although a GaN matrix layer growing at the base of the wires was found to have a high density of basal plane stacking faults. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) intensity compared favorably with a free-standing film of high quality GaN. Several features of the low temperature PL spectra also indicated that the nanowires had few structural defects or chemical impurities. Finally, electrical characterization of dispersed nanowires demonstrated that efficient electrical contacts could be made and that the resistivity of the nanowires was comparable to that of bulk material.
Silicon Consumption During Self-Aligned Titanium Suicide Formation on Shallow Junctions

The self-aligned-silicide (SALICIDE) process was developed to overcome the conductivity and contact resistance limitations associated with very shallow junctions. However this process is fundamentally limited by the roughening and the consumption of the silicon substrate that occurs during its selective reaction with metal. As junctions scale to smaller dimensions, me silicon consumption must also be scaled so mat the suicide does not consume the junction. The use of argon gas atmospheres during titanium suicide formation leads to more silicon consumption (75%) than can be explained simply on the basis of suicide formation. Lateral loss of silicon into the metal surrounding patterns is believed to be the mechanism responsible for this excess silicon consumption. More surprisingly, nitrogen annealing, which suppresses lateral suicide formation, also leads to an anomalously large (50%) silicon consumption. Suicides formed on amorphous substrates during the concurrent formation of junctions and suicides result in even more silicon consumption.
Natural Incidence of Setaria Equina (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Aedes Canadensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America

A total of 563 host-seeking mosquitoes representing 13 species were collected off human bait. Following dissection of ovaries, specimens were age-graded by the Polovodova method and the mouthparts, thorax, and abdomen examined for filarial worms. Sausage stage, late 2nd-stage, and/or 3rd-stage filarial larvae were found in 14 (7.82%) of 179 parous Aedes canadensis . Morphologic and epidemiologic evidence confirms that the filariae are Setaria equina . This represents the first report of this species from adult Ae. canadensis mosquitoes in North America.
Stydy on Laser Irradiation Properties of T-700 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite

The laser irradiation properties of T-700 carbon fiber/epoxy composite and T-700 carbon cloth/phenolic composite are performed using Rofin-Sinar 850 style CO2 laser device,the laser irradiation weight loss and backup temperature are studied.The results show that the surface laser of T-700 carbon fiber reinfoced plastic(CFRP) burn first under the laser irradiation for the result of thermal effect.When the laser irradiation power is 2355(±3%)W,laser spot diameter is 10mm,laser density is 3kW/cm2,irradiation time is 3s,there is no significant difference of the weight loss of the two kinds T-700 CFRP,the 5-laser T-700 carbon fiber/epoxy composite′s laser irradiation maximun weight loss is 0.1666g.The laser irradiation insulation properties can be improved by increasing the thickness of T-700 carbon fiber/epoxy composite or bonding butadiene nitrile insulation rubber on the surface of T-700 carbon cloth/phenolic composite.
Ventilatory management in neonates. Science or art

Conventional mechanical ventilation continues to be the standard mode of support for neonates with respiratory failure. Controversies regarding the selection of optimal ventilatory strategies still abound. A deep understanding of physiologic concepts as well as a critical appraisal of the literature is needed to optimize the ventilatory management of the newborn. Principles of gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics and control of breathing are reviewed in the context of their relevance during mechanical ventilation. The application of these concepts to the ventilatory strategies for the management of infants with respiratory distress is presented, and current controversies are emphasized.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies of 89Zr-labeled pembrolizumab for human dosimetry estimation

1023 Objectives Pembrolizumab is a clinically-available humanized monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death protein (PD-1) on the surface of activated T and B cells. Currently, pembrolizumab is approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In some instances, severe toxicities have been detected in patients treated with pembrolizumab, which have been linked to the accumulation of antibody in off-target tissues. In this study, we evaluate the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and dosimetry of pembrolizumab in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods Pembrolizumab was conjugated with the chelator desferrioxamine (Df) before radiolabeling with the long-lived isotope 89Zr (t1/2 = 3.3 days). Long-term whole-body tracking of the radiolabeled antibody was accomplished in three rodent models, including Balb/c mice, Sprague Dawley rats, and PBL mice (NSG mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Data obtained from PET scans and biodistribution studies were extrapolated to predict radiation dose estimates for humans. Results 89Zr-Df-Pembrolizumab stayed in circulation throughout the study and accumulated the greatest in liver (3.40±0.68 %ID/g for mice and 0.87±0.06 %ID/g for rats at 168 h p.i.) and spleen tissues (4.10±0.41 %ID/g mice and 0.71±0.05 %ID/g rats). Relatively high doses were estimated to these organs (0.958±0.077 mGy/MBq for the liver and 0.109±0.103 mGy/MBq for spleen using rat data) as well as to the urinary bladder wall (0.578±0.006 mGy/MBq), resulting from the initial clearance routes of this agent. Despite these high uptakes, the total body absorbed doses for humans were found to be within safe limits, at a total body effective dose of 0.540±0.008 mSv/MBq. The use of PBL mice allowed for a more clinically relevant comparison to be made. Conclusions The low total body and major organ doses found in this study indicate the potential use of 89Zr-Df-Pembrolizumab for the clinical selection of patients that may benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy and the development of more advanced dosing strategies in the future. The techniques in this study may be further applied to other antibodies for better understanding of the pharmacokinetics, biodistributions, and dosimetry for future clinical applications.
Mixed-Methods Design in Biology Education Research: Approach and Uses.

This article provides a practical “how-to“ guide on mixed-methods research (MMR) for biology education research (BER) studies that use quantitative and qualitative methods. Using biology-friendly a...
Introduction: The Observational Basis

Meteorologists conventionally divide the atmosphere between 0–80 km into three layers based on the vertical gradient of temperature (Fig. 1.1). In order of increasing elevation these are the troposphere, the stratosphere, and the mesosphere, respectively. In the troposphere and mesosphere the temperature generally decreases with height, while the lower stratosphere is nearly isothermal and the upper stratosphere has a positive temperature gradient with height. The troposphere and the stratosphere are separated by the tropopause, a level of temperature minimum which varies in height from about 15 km at the equator to 9 km at the poles. The stratosphere and mesosphere are separated by the stratopause, a level of temperature maximum which occurs near 50 km. The mesosphere is itself bounded above by the mesopause at about 80 km which is a level of temperature minimum similar to the tropopause. Thus, the troposphere and the mesosphere are regions of relatively low static stability while the stratosphere has relatively high static stability.
Sprawl As How We Grow, Or How Government Makes Suburbia Sprawling

Government zoning rules isolate housing from shops, jobs, and public transit, while government-built streets encourage high-speed automobile traffic and thus make walking less safe. As a result, most suburbanites need a car to easily access most destinations. This chapter describes these anti-walkability rules, and goes on to suggests pro-walkability reforms.
Parent Preferences for Shared Decision-making in Acute Versus Chronic Illness.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine preferences for shared decision-making (SDM) in parents of acutely ill versus chronically ill children in the inpatient setting. Additionally, we explored the effect of parental perception of illness severity and uncertainty in illness on decision-making preference. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed parents of children admitted to pediatric inpatient units at an academic, tertiary-care hospital. Surveys were administered in person and used validated tools to assess SDM preferences and uncertainty in illness. Descriptive statistics evaluated associations stratified by acute versus chronic illness, and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of the 200 parents who participated, the majority were women (78%), Hispanic (81.5%), English speaking (73%), between 30 and 39 years old (37.5%), and had an education achievement of less than a college degree (77%). The mean age of hospitalized children was 8.1 years, and half reported a chronic illness. Most parents preferred an active (43%) or collaborative (40%) role in SDM. There was no association with SDM preference by demographics, number of previous hospitalizations, perception of illness severity, or uncertainty. However, parents of chronically ill children significantly preferred a passive role in SDM when they perceived a high level of uncertainty in illness. CONCLUSIONS: Most parents of hospitalized children prefer to take an active or collaborative role in SDM. However, parents of chronically ill children who perceive high levels of uncertainty surrounding their children’s illness prefer a passive role, thus illustrating the complexity in decision-making among this parent population.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Transformed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes a chronic but curable infection associated with the development of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Preliminary data have shown frequent transformation of indolent lymphoma to DLBCL in HCV-infected patients. To compare their clinicopathologic characteristics and oncologic outcomes, we reviewed the medical records and pathology reports of HCV-infected and uninfected patients with DLBCL that transformed from indolent lymphoma seen at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (June 2004 to May 2015). To identify predictors of DLBCL relapse, patients with relapse after first-line chemotherapy were compared with those without it using univariate and logistic regression analyses. Compared with the uninfected patients (n = 63), HCV-infected patients (n = 21) were younger (median age =54 years [interquartile range= 49-62 years] vs. 62 years [53-66 years]; p = 0.01) and more often had advanced DLBCL (Ann Arbor stage 3-4; 95% vs. 76%; p = 0.05). Immunophenotypically, more HCV-infected than uninfected patients had CD10-negative B cells (76% vs. 43%; p = 0.008), CD5-positive B cells (39% vs. 7%; p = 0.004) and activated B-cell phenotypes (57% vs. 31%; p = 0.07). Comparison of the patients who had relapse after first-line chemotherapy (n = 42) and those who did not (n = 40) revealed that having CD5-positive B cells was the only factor associated with DLBCL relapse in multivariate analysis (odds ratio= 10.7; p = 0.02). HCV-infected patients with transformed DLBCL have unique clinicopathologic characteristics that make their lymphoma difficult to treat, potentially leading to unfavorable outcome. The impact of HCV eradication should be explored in such patients.
Depression score changes in response to sleep disordered breathing treatment with positive airway pressure in a large clinic-based cohort

The clinical-population impact of positive airway pressure (PAP) on depressive symptoms in sleep disordered breathing (SDB) awaits clear documentation. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms improve in response to PAP treatment in a large clinical setting, and that lower socio-economic status poses barriers to full therapeutic response. We performed a retrospective cohort study of SDB patients attending a tertiary ambulatory sleep center between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Data extracted from electronic health records included Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores, demographic characteristics, PAP adherence, and medical history. Paired- and two-sample t tests were utilized to assess changes in PHQ-9 score according to PAP adherence. Linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of socioeconomic status (SES) and other clinical variables on PHQ-9 scores. The cohort consisted of 1981 SDB patients (56.4 ± 13.3 years; 45.7% female; 76.2% Caucasian). Regardless of adherence, PAP therapy improved PHQ-9 scores (− 2.4 ± 4.6, p 10 (− 4.8 ± 5.7; p 10 (−6.0 ± 5.3 vs. − 3.8 ± 4.9, p < 0.001). Patients from lower socioeconomic status and greater depressive symptom had worse post-PAP PHQ-9 scores. PAP therapy and adherence were associated with improvement in depressive symptom severity in this clinical cohort. Patients with lower socioeconomic status derived less therapeutic benefit, suggesting that they faced additional barriers to treatment effectiveness.
A Simulation Model of Fire Ant Competition with Cave Crickets at Fort Hood, Texas

Cave cricket populations are essential to the survival of many rare invertebrates that are endemic to the karst regions of Fort Hood, TX. The organic matter they bring into the caves provides an energy source for many karst invertebrates. Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA) migrating from South America into the southern USA compete for resources with and prey upon cave crickets, which can indirectly threaten certain populations of rare invertebrates. This chapter describes the development of a simple computer model using NetLogo (http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/) that can be localized to support cave-management activities at a variety of locations affected by RIFA. This model incorporates the expertise of natural resources personnel, information from field studies, and digital mapping data to provide spatially explicit simulations of RIFA competition with cave crickets.
A Schema Pointer Plus Tag Model of Prose Memory

In Chapter 1 it was argued that comprehension consists of identifying and instantiating schemas that correspond to different knowledge domains and levels of structure. The schema is a critical theoretical construct in the proposed framework. What should a schema-based theory explain? A number of questions become important when a schema-based framework is seriously considered. How are various types of schemas cognitively represented? How do schemas guide comprehension? How does the comprehender construct prose representations by virtue of these schemas? These questions will be examined in later chapters. The goals in the present chapter are somewhat less ambitious. In this chapter we will examine how individuals represent and retrieve passages that are organized around some central, underlying schema. For example, consider a passage that describes a scripted activity, such as eating at a restaurant. How would such a passage be represented in memory? What retrieval processes are involved when the individual recalls or recognizes statements from such a passage?
Anaesthetic Management of a Child with Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome Undergoing Spinal Surgery:

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, or distal arthrogryposis type 2A, is a rare congenital myopathy and dysplasia characterised by multiple contractures, abnormalities of the head and face, defective development of the hands and feet and skeletal malformations. The facial muscle contracture produces the typical 'whistling face' appearance. Anaesthetic issues include difficult intravenous access, difficult airway and postoperative pulmonary complications. Although an association with malignant hyperthermia has been suggested, this has not been confirmed. We report the management of a seven-year-old girl with Freeman-Sheldon syndrome undergoing anterior and posterior spinal surgery and describe a successful anaesthetic regimen based on a total intravenous anaesthesia technique with remifentanil and propofol without neuromuscular blocking agents. The child had an uneventful anaesthetic and postoperative course. We believe the presence of the myopathy warranted the use of a 'non-triggering' anaesthetic, as suxamethonium and volatile agents may be associated with significant complications such as muscle rigidity and rhabdomyolysis in myopathic patients, even in the absence of malignant hyperthermia.
The Residential Youth Care Worker in Action: A Collaborative, Strengths-Based Approach

The second edition of The Residential Youth Care Worker in Action, like the first, is written for professionals who work with children and youth in out of home placements, be they social services workers, child welfare or family court workers, educators, or mental health professionals in general. It explains several approaches that these professionals can use to positively impact the lives of young people in residential facilities. The book emphasizes the strengths and abilities of young people from the assessment phase of treatment through discharge, and helps readers to take into account the views and actions of youths in order to offer clients appropriate services. The Residential Youth Care Worker in Action has been thoroughly updated and expanded to include new sections on principles of effective youth care work, personal philosophy, positive youth development, teamwork, staffings, and crisis management.
Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Literature Review of Psychological Effects Following Remission.

Background The psychological distress caused by cancer can remain long after remission. With advanced curative treatments, many pediatric patients continue to have late complications that interfere with neurologic, physical, and social development. Objectives The aim of this article is to analyze nine published articles that focus on adolescent cancer survivors (ACSs) and the incidence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Methods A search of published articles including pediatric and adolescent oncology and PTSD was performed. The search was narrowed to peer-reviewed articles published after 2010 that presented empirical data and were specific to post-trauma or post-traumatic stress. Findings Significant findings for PTSD and PTSSs were reported in ACSs. ACSs suffering from PTSD and PTSSs should be identified and treated appropriately based on age, diagnosis, treatment, and comorbid symptoms.
Ischemic Stroke and TIA

As persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) reach older age, the intersection of the global stroke and HIV epidemics may pose a significant public health challenge. HIV infection is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, conferring an estimated 20–60% additional risk. When a person with HIV infection presents with an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, confirmation of the patient’s HIV treatment and immune status is essential and will help to guide clinical decisions regarding the indicated evaluation. Black race and female sex are associated with higher stroke rates among PLWH; research geared toward understanding the root cause of and addressing these health disparities should be a top priority. Providers should be aware of potential limitations of cardiovascular risk prediction models when applied to PLWH. In addition, mindfulness of both established and nontraditional stroke risk factors, including those that may be more common in or specific to individuals living with HIV infection (e.g., cardiometabolic toxicities of ART, chronic HIV-associated immune activation, and inflammation), is crucial in providing high-quality cerebrovascular care for PLWH.
Inferential Control Applied to Industrial Autoclaves

Abstract Inferential control systems will significantly outperform conventional feedback control with higher order and dead time processes. In order to realize the advantages of Inferential Control, several issues must be addressed regarding practical implementation of the control system. These are: A. Elimination of control degradation due to saturation of the control effort. B. Bumpless Manual-automatic switching C. The design of cascade control systems. Algorithms are presented for dealing with these issues. The methods have been applied to an industrial autoclave plant, with positive results.
Molecular confirmation of Henneguya adiposa (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) and associated histologic changes in adipose fins of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Teleost).

Henneguya adiposa is one of ten known, closely related myxozoan species that parasitize a variety of tissue sites in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Reported to specifically target the adipose fin, H. adiposa is not associated with morbidity or mortality, although detailed descriptions of its associated histologic pathology are lacking. The objective of this work was to confirm the presence of H. adiposa within fin lesions of affected channel catfish using DNA sequenced from histologic sections obtained by laser capture microdissection, as well as to describe pathologic changes induced by infection. The parasite formed large, white, elongate, nodular plasmodia that caused localized tissue damage and incited a granulomatous inflammatory response within a deep connective tissue layer at the base of the adipose fin. Myxospores released from ruptured plasmodia into adjacent tissue were observed to migrate superficially in tracts through the skin, indicating a portal of exit for environmental dispersal. Defects in the connective tissue layer created by ruptured plasmodia were infiltrated by granulomatous inflammation and fibroplasia, suggesting lesion resolution by scar formation over time. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene amplified from excised myxospores confirmed the myxozoan’s identity as H. adiposa, with 100% similarity to the reference sequence from previous published work.
Gendered Triple Standard and Biomedical Management of Perinatal and Maternal Opioid Use Disorder in the United States: Investigating Bodily, Visceral, and Symbolic Violence

Despite trends towards treatment versus punitive-based approaches to addressing opioid use disorders (OUD) in the United States, pregnant and parenting women with OUD remain highly stigmatized, their maternal fitness routinely contested. Biomedical conceptions of OUD as a chronic, relapsing condition often run counter to the abstinence-based models enforced across the myriad institutions that manage OUD, particularly for women whose maternal status is contingent on treatment enrollment and adherence. Exposure to trauma is considered to be nearly universal among women with OUD; biomedical classifications of trauma primarily center on the interpersonal (i.e., adverse childhood [ACEs] and lifetime experiences). This work responds to a call to ‘gender addiction’ (Campbell and Ettorre 2011) and examine the ‘epistemologies of ignorance’ (Tuana 2006) around notions of ‘risk’ by advocating for a broadened definition of trauma that incorporates the institutional violence imbedded into policies and procedures specific to the biomedical management of OUD. Drawing from an 18-month ethnographic investigation of pregnant and parenting women with OUD living in the Northeastern United States., this article argues that the intertwined institutions (e.g. medical, legal, and social services) that manage OUD according to biomedical dictates enact a converging constellation of violence on women; this in turn becomes a form of embodied trauma, directly influencing perinatal and maternal opioid use trajectories. Key findings include: (1) civil commitment to treatment as a form of direct bodily violence, (2) loss of maternal status as visceral violence, and (3) institutional erasures (i.e., intergenerational family separation) as symbolic violence.
Disproportionation reactions between alkyl and fluoroalkyl radicals. VII: Difluoromethyl with perfluoro-n-propyl and methyl radicals

Mixtures of 1,1,3,3-tetrafluoroacetone and perfluorodi-n-propyl ketone have been photolyzed together over the temperature range 50° to 200°C, and the disproportionation/combination ratio for n-C3F7 and CF2H radicals has been determined to be Δ(n-C3F7, CF2H) = 0.072 ± 0.003. A reevaluation of existing data on CH3 and CF2H radicals leads to a value of Δ(CH3, CF2H) = 0.35. The large variations in Δ for the reactions of alkyl and perfluoroalkyl radicals with CF2H radicals are discussed. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use and Impact of the Wisconsin Bullying Prevention Program Assessment Tool in Addressing Middle School Bullying

The Wisconsin School Violence and Bullying Prevention Study, funded by the National Institutes of Justice (NIJ), was a two-year case-control study in 24 Wisconsin middle schools (11 experimental; 13 control) seeking to understand the impact of a comprehensive bullying prevention program on bullying victimization rates. Participating schools’ bullying prevention programs were assessed at baseline and project-end using the Wisconsin Bullying Prevention Program Assessment Tool (BPPAT). This self-assessment tool, developed prior to the start of the research project, was developed by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (DPI) and partners throughout Wisconsin. The BPPAT is an open-source 42-item assessment tool across 9 topic areas focused on policies and procedures with minimal financial and logistical burdens towards implementation. By design, it acknowledges wide variance across schools and districts for current practices and provides guidance, going forward, for program improvement. In the accompanying study, experimental schools were instructed to, with technical assistance, enhance their program by filling gaps identified through their completion of the BPPAT over two school years. A significant enhancement resulted among all schools, experimental and control, between 2015 and 2017 with a spill-over effect due to data collection requirements reducing programmatic differences between groups. Experimental schools reported significant declines in verified incidents of bullying with a non-significant decline among control schools. From this project, researchers determined that (1) schools are able to make program improvements in a short time period and (2) this concerted, and largely non-prescriptive, effort can have a positive and measurable impact on bullying victimization at this age group. Broader implications for the BPPAT and its use are preliminary and next steps are discussed and recommendations made.
Interactive Dimensionality Reduction for Improving Patient Adherence in Remote Health Monitoring

Remote Health Monitoring Systems (RHM) and Body Sensor Networks (BSN) are effective tools to monitor and improve health conditions by collecting continuous data from patients. Although Remote Health Monitoring systems have shown potential for improving the quality of care and reducing healthcare costs, research studies have shown that the low adherence of patients can significantly degrade the system efficacy. In RHMS, often times patients are required to answer numerous questions, which are necessary to identify health conditions associated with medical diagnoses or adverse events. In this paper, we propose a new framework for question selection in order to reduce patients' burden, and consequently increase patients' engagement and adherence. We envision a unit named Interactive Learning for Data Acquisition (ILDA) for on demand data acquisition in order to improve the quality of our prediction. The ILDA attempts to identify the best non-redundant question subset in order to improve the response rate. It is also responsible to identify what additional information should be requested from which subjects to improve the accuracy and certainty of prediction. The proposed framework has been tested and validated on a large dataset collected from 600 AIDS patients.
Balancing the possibility of needing a future incontinence procedure versus a future urethral sling revision surgery: a tradeoff analysis for continent women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

Although urinary incontinence surgery has potential benefits such as preventing de novo stress urinary incontinence in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery, it comes with the potential cost of overtreatment and complications. We compared future surgery rates in a population cohort of women undergoing vaginal pelvic organ prolapse surgery. All women undergoing POP repair in California from 2005 to 2011 were identified from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development databases. Rates of repeat surgery in those with and without concomitant urethral sling procedures were compared. To control for confounding effects, multivariate mixed effects logistic regression models were constructed to compare each woman’s individualized risk of undergoing either sling revision surgery or future incontinence surgery. In the cohort, 38,456 underwent a sling procedure at the time of POP repair and 42,858 did not. The future surgery rate was higher for sling-related complications in the POP + sling cohort compared with future incontinence surgery in the POP alone cohort (3.5% versus 3.0% respectively, p < 0.001). The difference persisted in multivariate modeling, where most women (60%) are at a higher risk of requiring sling revision surgery compared with needing a future primary incontinence procedure (40%). Women who undergo vaginal prolapse repair without an incontinence procedure are at a low risk of future incontinence surgery. Women without urinary incontinence who are considering vaginal POP surgery should be informed of the risks and benefits of including a sling procedure.
You Can't Save all the Pandas: Impossibility Results for Privacy-Preserving Tracking.

We consider the problem of target tracking whilst simultaneously preserving the target’s privacy as epitomized by the panda tracking scenario introduced by O’Kane at WAFR’08. The present paper reconsiders his formulation, with its elegant illustration of the utility of ignorance, and the tracking strategy he proposed, along with its completeness. We explore how the capabilities of the robot and panda affect the feasibility of tracking with a privacy stipulation, uncovering intrinsic limits, no matter the strategy employed. This paper begins with a one-dimensional setting and, putting the trivially infeasible problems aside, analyzes the strategy space as a function of problem parameters. We show that it is not possible to actively track the target as well as protect its privacy for every nontrivial pair of tracking and privacy stipulations. Secondly, feasibility is sensitive, in several cases, to the information available to the robot at the start — conditions we call initial I-state dependent cases. Quite naturally in the one-dimensional model, one may quantify sensing power by the number of perceptual (or output) classes available to the robot. The number of initial I-state dependent conditions does not decrease as the robot gains more sensing power and, further, the robot’s power to achieve privacy-preserving tracking is bounded, converging asymptotically with increasing sensing power. Finally, to relate some of the impossibility results in one dimension to their higher-dimensional counterparts, including the planar panda tracking problem studied by O’Kane, we establish a connection between tracking dimensionality and the sensing power of a one-dimensional robot.
A Hidden Markov Model based smartphone heterogeneity resilient portable indoor localization framework

Abstract Indoor localization is an emerging application domain that promises to enhance the way we navigate in various indoor environments, as well as track equipment and people. Wireless signal-based fingerprinting is one of the leading approaches for indoor localization. Using ubiquitous Wi-Fi access points and Wi-Fi transceivers in smartphones has enabled the possibility of fingerprinting-based localization techniques that are scalable and low-cost. But the variety of Wi-Fi hardware modules and software stacks used in today's smartphones introduce errors when using Wi-Fi based fingerprinting approaches across devices, which reduces localization accuracy. We propose a framework called SHERPA-HMM that enables efficient porting of indoor localization techniques across mobile devices, to maximize accuracy. An in-depth analysis of our framework shows that it can deliver up to 8× more accurate results as compared to state-of-the-art localization techniques for a variety of environments.
ECG Arrhythmia Classification Using Transfer Learning from 2- Dimensional Deep CNN Features

Due to the recent advances in the area of deep learning, it has been demonstrated that a deep neural network, trained on a huge amount of data, can recognize cardiac arrhythmias better than cardiologists. Moreover, traditionally feature extraction was considered an integral part of ECG pattern recognition; however, recent findings have shown that deep neural networks can carry out the task of feature extraction directly from the data itself. In order to use deep neural networks for their accuracy and feature extraction, high volume of training data is required, which in the case of independent studies is not pragmatic. To arise to this challenge, in this work, the identification and classification of four ECG patterns are studied from a transfer learning perspective, transferring knowledge learned from the image classification domain to the ECG signal classification domain. It is demonstrated that feature maps learned in a deep neural network trained on great amounts of generic input images can be used as general descriptors for the ECG signal spectrograms and result in features that enable classification of arrhythmias. Overall, an accuracy of 97.23 percent is achieved in classifying near 7000 instances by ten-fold cross validation.
COVID-HEART: Development and Validation of a Multi-Variable Model for Real-Time Prediction of Cardiovascular Complications in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Cardiovascular (CV) manifestations of COVID-19 infection carry significant morbidity and mortality. Current risk prediction for CV complications in COVID-19 is limited and existing approaches fail to account for the dynamic course of the disease. Here, we develop and validate the COVID-HEART predictor, a novel continuously-updating risk prediction technology to forecast CV complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk predictor is trained and tested with retrospective registry data from 2178 patients to predict two outcomes: cardiac arrest and imaging-confirmed thromboembolic events. In repeating model validation many times, we show that it predicts cardiac arrest with an average median early warning time of 18 hours (IQR: 13-20 hours) and an AUROC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.91-0.92), and thromboembolic events with a median early warning time of 72 hours (IQR: 12-204 hours) and an AUROC of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67-0.73). The COVID-HEART predictor is anticipated to provide tangible clinical decision support in triaging patients and optimizing resource utilization, with its clinical utility potentially extending well beyond COVID-19.
The language of university communications during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 raised concern for those spending time in college classrooms and dormitories. Students faced sudden changes to their lives and relied upon written messages for directi...
Richard Wright’s Anagrammatical Allegory of Liturgical Reading, or Inhabiting the Black Messianic in “The Man Who Lived Underground”

This essay reads Richard Wright’s speculative novella, “The Man Who Lived Underground” (1940/1996), as an anagrammatical allegory of liturgical reading. By anagrammatical, I invoke Christina Sharpe...
Introduction to Graph Signal Processing

An intuitive and accessible text explaining the fundamentals and applications of graph signal processing. Requiring only an elementary understanding of linear algebra, it covers both basic and advanced topics, including node domain processing, graph signal frequency, sampling, and graph signal representations, as well as how to choose a graph. Understand the basic insights behind key concepts and learn how graphs can be associated to a range of specific applications across physical, biological and social networks, distributed sensor networks, image and video processing, and machine learning. With numerous exercises and Matlab examples to help put knowledge into practice, and a solutions manual available online for instructors, this unique text is essential reading for graduate and senior undergraduate students taking courses on graph signal processing, signal processing, information processing, and data analysis, as well as researchers and industry professionals.
Levitating a graphite rod using the camelback effect

This project aims to investigate the relatively recently discovered “camelback effect” using my knowledge magnetic properties. In a system of two lines of transverse dipoles, the “camelback” field confinement effect can be recreated in a parallel dipole line system (PDL). The “camelback effect” occurs when two rows of magnetic dipoles are aligned to measure the strength of the field along the center axis. The magnetic field is stronger at the center and diminishes away from it. However, if the length of the dipole line exceeds critical length the field get stronger towards the edges of the dipoles and produces a confinement profile on the center axis that looks like a camel’s back. This camelback effect can be produced using special cylindrical magnets with poles on the curved side. The effect can also effectively trap an object at the center of the axis along the positive y-axis. A graphite rod can work as the trapped object and will levitate perpetually without any input power as a result of the camelback effect. The graphite rod can also be levitated using a checkerboard of magnets, alternating according to their North and South poles.
CREB regulates the expression of Type 1 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) play a central role in regulating intracellular calcium signals in response to a variety of internal/external cues. Dysregulation of IP3R signaling is the underlying cause for numerous pathological conditions. It is also well established that the activity of IP3Rs is governed by several post-translational modifications including phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). However, the long-term effects of PKA activation on expression of IP3R sub-types, remains largely unexplored. In this report, we investigate the effect of chronic activation of PKA on expression of IP3R sub-types. We demonstrate that expression of IP3R1 is augmented upon prolonged activation of PKA or upon ectopic over-expression of CREB but does not alter IP3R2 and IP3R3 sub-type abundance. Conversely, inhibition of PKA or blocking endogenous CREB diminished IP3R1 expression. We also demonstrate that agonist-induced Ca2+-release mediated by IP3R1 is significantly attenuated upon blocking endogenous CREB. Moreover, CREB by regulating the expression of KRAS-induced actin-interacting protein (KRAP) ensures proper localization and licensing of IP3R1. Overall, we report a crucial role for CREB in governing both the expression and proper localization of IP3R1. Summary statementWe report a critical role of CREB in regulating the expression and proper localization of IP3R1. Agonist-induced Ca2+ release and Ca2+ puffs generated by IP3R1 are diminished upon blocking the function of endogenous CREB.
Stemless Total Shoulder: A Review of Biomechanical Fixation and Recent Results:

Introduction: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is the replacement of the humeral head and glenoid surfaces with the goal of replicating normal anatomy. It is commonly utilized for patients with...
Relative positions of countries in the core-periphery structure of the European automotive industry:

This article investigates the core-semiperiphery-periphery structure of the European automotive industry between 2003 and 2017 by drawing on the global value chains and global production networks p...