cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogen and progesterone regulate expression of the endothelins in the rhesus macaque endometrium

BACKGROUND Endothelins (EDNs) are thought to modulate endometrial blood flow during menses, stromal healing and endometrial growth during the proliferative phase. Our goal was to assess the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the EDN paracrine system in the endometrium of rhesus macaques. METHODS In this study, archived samples were used. These samples were collected from oophorectomized rhesus macaques that were treated sequentially with estradiol (E(2)) and then E(2) plus progesterone to create artificial menstrual cycles. Endometrium from animals in the menstrual, proliferative and secretory phases of the artificial cycle were analyzed by real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to detect changes in EDN peptides (EDN1, EDN2, EDN3), EDN receptors (EDNRA, EDNRB), EDN-converting enzyme 1 (ECE1) and membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME)-an enzyme that degrades the EDNs. RESULTS Compared with the late secretory phase, progesterone withdrawal at the end of the artificial menstrual cycle triggered an increase (P< 0.05) in EDN1, EDNRB and ECE1 in the upper functionalis zone during menses of the next cycle. Treatment with E(2) alone in the proliferative phase increased (P< 0.05) EDNRA transcript, which was confined predominantly to the stromal cells. E(2) plus progesterone in the artificial secretory phase suppressed (P< 0.05) the expression of EDN3 in the functionalis zone stroma and epithelia, tended (P= 0.08) to attenuate levels of epithelial EDN2 and markedly up-regulated (P< 0.05) the stromal expression of MME. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that estrogen and progesterone regulate the EDN family during the menstrual cycle. The changes in the EDN paracrine system during the mid-secretory phase may indicate a role for EDN during embryo implantation.
Genetic selection scheme for isolation of signal transduction pathway mutants.

Genetic characterization of a signal transduction pathway requires the isolation of mutations in the pathway. Characterization of these mutated genes and their loci enumerates the components of the pathway and leads to an understanding of the role of each gene locus in the pathway under study. We have designed and developed a strategy based on resistance to the chemical flucytosine for the identification of mutations in a given pathway. In this study, the Escherichia coli codA gene, which encodes the enzyme cytosine deaminase, was fused to the light-intensity-regulated gene promoter psbDII. Cytosine deaminase converts 5′-fluorocytosine to the toxic product 5-fluorouracil. Wild-type cells containing an intact signal transduction pathway that regulates the psbDII promoter will die in the presence of this chemical. Cells that carry mutations in the pathway that inactivate the psbDII promoter will not express the codA gene and, consequently, will live on 5′-fluorocytosine, allowing the isolation and subsequent characterization of mutations in this signaling pathway. Utilizing this selection method, we have successfully isolated and characterized mutations in the psbDII pathway. This selection scheme can be used with a tissue-specific or phase-specific promoter fused to the codA gene to direct the timing of expression of codA to obtain mutants defective in temporal or cell-specific expression of a particular pathway. This scheme also allows the isolation of mutants even when a clearly identifiable phenotype is not available. The selection scheme presented here extends the molecular tools available for the genetic dissection of signal transduction pathways.
Bioarchaeology of Populations: Understanding Adaptation and Resilience

Analysis of individual skeletal remains can reveal much about that individual’s biocultural life history, while the context of the burial can reveal how the living dealt with the dead. When bioarchaeologists have access to larger collections of human remains that represent a group that is part of a culturally distinctive community, then a population-level analysis can be undertaken. Populations offer quantitative data that provides information on how well a group or society is adapting to local and regional conditions, how well they have adapted over time, and frequencies of disease or trauma in one group compared across regions. Examples are provided that illuminate different aspects of adaptation and resilience that can be explored at the population level.
Martin Heidegger as a Phenomenologist

Edmund Husserl once exclaimed: “Phenomenology, that is Heidegger and me.”1 Yet, this exuberant spirit of co-operation came to a sudden end as soon as Husserl discovered that Heidegger, instead of bracketing Being, had bracketed Husserl. Although from the very beginning Heidegger had accepted the leitmotiv of Husserl’s phenomenology “Zu den Sachen selbst” (To the things themselves), he took the liberty of interpreting and developing phenomenology in his own way, which resulted in a total rejection of the transcendental subjectivism of Husserl.
Laser-Based Detectors for Liquid Chromatography

The detection and quantitation of trace components have always been challenges to the analytical chemist. With the increasing interest in environmental, clinical, and other biological problems, there is a growing need for trace analytical methods that are suitable for complex mixtures. One such area of need is the speciation of organics present in the sub-parts-per-million range. It is clear that some sort of separation procedure must be used to resolve the components before measurements can be performed.
Medical care behind enemy lines: a historical examination of clandestine hospitals.

Current medical doctrine states that hospital support to unconventional forces will be provided by conventional medical units in the theater. During such operations, the tactical situation may preclude timely hospital care to the detriment of the patient and his unit's effectiveness. To find a viable solution, this study investigates the concept of clandestine hospitals employed during World War II and by North Vietnamese soldiers and Afghan resistance fighters. A test of the concept by a Special Forces Medical Detachment is also described. The characteristics of successful clandestine hospital operations and lessons learned are discussed. Language: en
Spatial Join Query Processing in Cloud: Analyzing Design Choices and Performance Comparisons

Data volumes of GPS recorded locations and many other types of geospatial data are fast increasing. Processing large-scale spatial joins in Cloud for performance and scalability is becoming increasingly popular. In this study, we compare three leading Cloud-based spatial data management systems, namely Hadoop GIS, Spatial Hadoop and Spatial Spark, both conceptually through analysis of design choices and empirically through experiments using real world datasets. Using both a workstation serving as a single-node cluster and up to 10 nodes Amazon EC2 clusters, the results show that the combined factors, including Cloud platforms, data access models and the underlying geometry libraries, have significant impacts in their realized performance. While Spatial Hadoop generally wins on robustness, Spatial Spark is the clear winner of efficiency due to in-memory processing.
Mission Feasibility Study for Space Based Wireless Power Transfer

This paper is a mission feasibility study on wirelessly beaming power from the International Space Station (ISS) to a target satellite to power a Hall-Effect Thruster (HET). The tool developed for this research is designed to find an optimal solution balancing the need to maximize the amount of access time between the ISS and the target satellite while minimizing the range between the spacecraft. To accomplish this goal, an orbital model was constructed and optimized to maximize power transfer. The orbital model mainly consists of two components: one representing the ISS as well as one for the target satellite. The next step was to develop a mathematical model to track the amount of power delivered in a wireless power beaming system. The power proceeds through several different stages before being delivered to the satellite payload for use. Each of these stages results in additional power losses that are thoroughly examined, allowing for the calculation of the amount of power delivered. The optimization tool is designed around a genetic optimizer. This tool was exclusively used as the means to explore the various orbits to find the optimal orbit for a satellite designed to receive power from the ISS. To power an HET either enough power must be delivered in a single transfer of power to perform the orbit change maneuver, or enough power must be transferred and stored in a series of passes. A satellite using the optimized orbital parameters will also need to optimize the laser power beaming system. For example, different power collection methods are explored to maximize power transferred. This work rigorously demonstrates that using the power supplied by the ISS. It is possible to execute a wireless laser power beaming mission transferring power to a satellite designed to receive power from a laser for the purpose of powering a payload. Using a laserbased power transfer system to increase the power available to ion or electrical propulsion system can dramatically enhance the performance of such a system. Possible advantages include: reduced fuel requirements over more traditional thrusters, which in turn can lower launch cost by reducing mass or allow for a larger payload. Additionally if fuel mass is left constant the lifetime of the Satellite Vehicle may increase.
AES and XPS Studies of the Chemical Effects at the Magneto-Optic/Dielectric Interface

The chemical stability of magneto-optic structures of sputter-deposited SiO, SiO2, or Si3N4/TbFeCo/SiO, SiO2, or Si3N4 was studied in detail. The degradation of the magnetic properties of the TbFeCo film have been correlated with the oxygen content within the film as determined by Auger and RBS. Auger and XPS depth profiles have revealed that for oxygen containing dielectrics the preferential oxidation of terbium is responsible for the observed differences in coercivity. Reduction of the dielectric at the SiO/TbFeCo interface, along with diffusion of oxygen into the RETM film, have been observed. The Si3N4/TbFeCo structure shows no evidence of either interdiffusion between the layers or oxidation of the TbFeCo film. From our investigation we conclude that Si3N4 is a superior dielectric for quadrilayer structures in magneto-optic media.
The NWTC Design-Codes Suite: An Overview

Over the years, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) has created a suite of design and analysis software tools for horizontal-axis wind turbines. The suite includes aeroelastic turbine simulators of various complexity, turbulent wind simulators, tools to aid in the design of control systems, pre- and postprocessing tools, and scripts to automate the running of simulations. A major goal of the NWTC staff in recent years has been to automate the flow of data between the programs to reduce the time and effort required to generate loads documents for type certification. The interoperability of the tools has been improved, and several codes have received significant upgrades in functionality, performance, and usability. This paper describes how the codes work together, lists recent improvements, and discusses proposed enhancements. I. INTRODUCTION Researchers at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have developed a comprehensive suite of software tools to aid in the design of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and to process simulation predictions and test data. Some of the programs developed by NWTC engineers many years ago now require updates to aid in maintenance and ease of use. Of the feedback the laboratory has received about the codes, the most common suggestion is that the users would like the codes to work together better. Although some of the programs require similar kinds of information as others in the suite, they sometimes required the information in different formats. When engineers switch tools, converting the information from one format to another wastes valuable time. Not only did the programs require the data in different formats, but also the formats of the input files varied. With these weaknesses in mind, engineers at the NWTC have put much effort into making their codes more compatible. Some of the codes now share their input files with other programs, and those that must be different share a similar look. Our code suite includes: • Programs that simulate the aeroelastic response and performance of HAWTs • Codes that are used to prepare data files needed by the simulators, analyze the results of the simulators, and analyze test data • Utility programs that automate the execution of series of simulations. This eliminates the tedious and mistake-prone requirement of manually editing input files and renaming output files for all the cases. Brief descriptions of the various codes follow, and an overview of how the codes interrelate is shown in Figure 1. Detailed descriptions of the various codes are available on the NWTC Design Codes web site. †1 Program archives on the web site include source code, executables (when appropriate), and sample input and output files. All the programs are in the public domain—anyone may use excerpts of our source code in her or his own programs.
Di-ionizable 1,2-dimethoxy p - tert -butylcalix[4]arene ligands: synthesis and metal ion complexation

Conformationally mobile, di-ionizable 1,2-dimethoxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene ligands are synthesized and compared with 1,3-dimethoxyl analogues to probe the influence of regiochemistry on metal ion extraction efficiency and selectivity. Extraction of hard alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations, intermediate Pb2+, and soft Hg2+ from aqueous solutions into chloroform are utilized to evaluate the effect of this structural variation on the ability of the ligands to complex monovalent and divalent metal ion species.
A randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization decision-making: A test of persuasive messaging models.

ABSTRACTObjective: We sought to examine the effectiveness of persuasive communication interventions on influenza vaccination uptake among black/African American pregnant women in Atlanta, Georgia. Methods: We recruited black/African American pregnant women ages 18 to 50 y from Atlanta, GA to participate in a prospective, randomized controlled trial of influenza immunization messaging conducted from January to April 2013. Eligible participants were randomized to 3 study arms. We conducted follow-up questionnaires on influenza immunization at 30-days post-partum with all groups. Chi-square and t tests evaluated group differences, and outcome intention-to-treat assessment utilized log-binomial regression models. Results: Of the 106 enrolled, 95 women completed the study (90% retention), of which 31 were randomly assigned to affective messaging intervention (“Pregnant Pause” video), 30 to cognitive messaging intervention (“Vaccines for a Healthy Pregnancy” video), and 34 to a comparison condition (receipt of ...
Psilorhynchus tysoni, a new species of torrent minnow from the Salween River drainage, western Thailand (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae).

Psilorhynchus tysoni, new species, is described on the basis of 10 specimens, 23.3–53.8 mm SL from the Mae Nam Moei and Hue Mae Song Rivers, in the Salween River drainage in western Thailand. It belongs to the P. nudithoracicus species group and can be distinguished from other members of this group by a combination of characters, including features of body and fin coloration, head shape, and caudal fin-ray, vertebrae, and cephalic lateral-line canal pore counts. Phylogenetic analyses of a mitochondrial DNA data set (comprising 642 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 1140 bp of cytochrome b ) for 12 species of Psilorhynchus and one outgroup taxon resulted in phylogenetic hypotheses in which P. tysoni is a member of a clade equivalent to the P. nudithoracicus species group. Within this group P. tysoni is placed as the sister taxon of a putatively undescribed species of Psilorhynchus from Myanmar.
Enhanced Interfacial Strength and UV Shielding of Aramid Fiber Composites through ZnO Nanoparticle Sizing.

Here, a simple zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle sizing is reported for aramid fibers that simultaneously provides interfacial reinforcement and UV absorption to develop improved fiber-reinforced composites. Through a one-step nanoparticle deposition, the modified aramid fiber showed an increase in interfacial shear strength of 18.9% with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles when tested by single-fiber pullout. The aramid fibers were then treated with a hydrolysis process common to aramid fibers to oxidize the surface and elucidate the importance of oxygen functional groups at the interface. These oxidized fibers proved to further enhance the interface between the fiber surface and nanoparticle, leading to a 33.3% increase relative to the bare fiber. Additionally, due to the absorption properties of ZnO, the retainment of mechanical properties of coated fibers was determined after exposure to an artificial UV light source. After 24 h of exposure, fibers coated with ZnO nanoparticles retained 25% more tensile str...
Nuestro Futuro ¿Hombres Libres, O Esclavos? : Imagining US–Mexican Cooperation against the Axis Powers in a World War II Propaganda Comic

The creation of the OIAA in 1940 (at the time named the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics) was a new step in the development of the economic and the political relationship between the USA and Latin America dating back to the nineteenth century. In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine defined the efforts of European powers to colonize Latin America as acts of aggression that would require US intervention. Although largely disregarded in Europe, in Latin America, the Monroe Doctrine operated as a unifying belief in the special link between the new Western Hemispheric republics (Sexton 2011). In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine claimed that the USA had become “an international police force” and therefore had the right and the power to intervene into the internal affairs of Western Hemispheric countries (Roosevelt 1927, 114–115). The Clark Memorandum of 1928 claimed that the USA held a self-evident right to defend itself and its political and economic interests. Unsurprisingly, this foreign policy of intervention, used whenever the USA felt its economic and political interests threatened, placed the country in an unfavorable position with many Latin American republics. To combat this Pan-American hostility, in his 1933 Inaugural Address, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt launched the Good Neighbor policy, which re-imagined Pan-American unity through respect for national sovereignty (Pike 1992, 272–296; Pike 1995; Green 1971; Gellman 1979). The operations of the OIAA emerged from the larger Good Neighbor policy, both in cultural and in economic terms (Cramer and Prutsch 2012; Rankin 2009; Cramer and Prutsch 2006; Pike 1995, 251–254; Green 1971, 88–89, 133–134; Gellman 1979, 149–167). Since its inception in 1940, the OIAA aimed “to assist in the preparation and coordination of policies to stabilize the Latin American economies, to secure and deepen U.S. influence in the region, and to combat axis inroads into the hemisphere, particularly in the commercial and cultural spheres” (Cramer and Prutsch 2006, 786). Mass culture was called upon to help attain these political and economic goals.
Screening and Assessment of Substance Use in Hospice Care: Examining Content from a National Sample of Psychosocial Assessments.

Abstract Background: Quality of care provided by hospice and palliative care agencies depends on a thorough understanding of the patient, the family, their history, and current risk factors. It is therefore imperative for social workers and other providers in these settings to assess patients and caregivers for substance use disorders and potential for substance misuse. Objective: We aimed to examine how hospice social workers in the United States screen and assess for alcohol and substance use and risk of medication diversion among patients and family caregivers. Design/Measurements: Using a cluster random sample of U.S. Medicare-certified hospices, we reviewed blank copies of psychosocial assessments used by hospice social workers from 105 agencies. We conducted systematic content analyses of these assessments, identifying and examining all items related to substance use or addiction. Results: Over two-thirds (68%) of agencies assessed substance use by patient and/or family members. Assessments tended t...
Young adults report increased pleasure from smoking cigarettes when drinking alcohol but not when using marijuana

Background: Among young adults, cigarette smoking is strongly associated with alcohol and marijuana use. The present study compared self-reported co-use of cigarettes and alcohol versus cigarettes ...
Regularity of Inescapable Shock Duration Affects Behavioral Topography, but not Shuttle Escape Performance

One purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of exposure to fixed and variable duration inescapable shock on the subsequent acquisition of a shuttle escape response. Another purpose was to examine closely the behavior of animals during exposure to inescapable shock in an attempt to assess directly the behavioral changes occurring during this experience. Competing response accounts of the learned helplessness effect propose the mechanism of adventitious reinforcement during inescapable shock for the learning of low activity responses. Exposure to inescapable fixed duration shock should therefore be more effective than variable duration shock of the same average value in producing subsequent escape deficits. However, the present experiment demonstrated equivalent shuttle escape deficits resulting from the two types of shock exposure. In addition, behavioral observations made during inescapable shock indicated that those behaviors immediately preceding shock offset during the first several trials were not more likely to develop than other behaviors that were virtually absent early in the session. This pattern of results does not support current competing response hypotheses, but is in agreement with learned helplessness theory.
Influence of surface-active bonds of carbon structures on discharge-charging processes of a current source

A study has been carried out of the effect on the discharge-charging processes of a current source of surface-active bonds of carbon structures used as additives in the composition of a negative electrode material. A mechanism has been proposed based on the conclusions derived from the Kossel–Stranski molecularkinetic theory, which explains the growth of 3PbOPbSO4H2O crystals upon the introduction of carbon materials. It has been established that the presence of carbon additives in the composition of the negative electrode material of starter lead-acid batteries increases the capacitance of 20-h discharge mode by up to 5% and the discharge duration by cold scrolling current to a final voltage of 6 V at negative temperatures of–18°C and–30°C by 3–4.5% and 9–13%, respectively.
Advanced Structural Dynamics

Developed from three decades' worth of lecture notes which the author used to teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this unique textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of structural dynamics and mechanical vibration. The chapters in this book are self-contained so that instructors can choose to be selective about which topics they teach. Written with an application-based focus, the text covers topics such as earthquake engineering, soil dynamics, and relevant numerical methods techniques that use MATLAB. Advanced topics such as the Hilbert transform, gyroscope forces, and spatially periodic structures are also treated extensively. Concise enough for an introductory course yet rigorous enough for an advanced or graduate-level course, this textbook is also a useful reference manual - even after the final exam - for professional and practicing engineers.
Treatment of Radial Head Fractures and Need for Revision Procedures at 1 and 2 Years

Purpose Optimal treatment strategies for radial head fractures remain a subject of debate. We examined national practice patterns in the management of radial head fractures to determine rates of surgical treatment, type of surgery employed, and the incidence of reoperation. Methods Between 2007 and 2011, we identified patients with radial head fractures along with their associated injuries by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes in a national database of orthopedic insurance records. For those who underwent surgery, the type of intervention was identified and each patient was observed to determine whether a subsequent procedure was needed by 1 and 2 years. Chi-square analysis was performed to make comparisons between groups. Results A total of 58,404 radial head fractures were identified between 2007 and 2011; of these, 2,981 underwent surgical treatment (5.1%). Rates of surgical intervention were significantly higher in the context of associated injuries. Among the 2,981 radial head fractures treated surgically, 57.1% underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), 37.9% were treated with radial head arthroplasty, and 4.9% underwent radial head excision. When the surgically treated radial head fracture was associated with a coronoid fracture, elbow dislocation, or proximal ulna fracture, 64.2%, 54.3%, and 47.2% were treated with arthroplasty, respectively, compared with 32.6%, 41.9%, and 52.6% treated with ORIF, respectively. After initial surgical treatment, 12.7% and 14.4% of radial head fractures that underwent ORIF required a secondary surgery at 1 and 2 years, respectively, compared with 8.6% and 10.7% of radial head arthroplasties and 8.3% and 8.4% of resections. Conclusions Rates of arthroplasty were significantly higher in the context of associated injury, particularly in the setting of a coronoid fracture or elbow dislocation. Fractures initially treated with ORIF had a higher rate of revision surgery at both 1 and 2 years after the index procedure compared with arthroplasty. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic II.
Here’s Why U.S. Manufacturing Is Fundamentally Strong

According to a recent Gallup poll,1 Americans believe a vibrant manufacturing sector is \\"key\\" to boosting job growth.
Response by Rowin et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Clinical Profile and Consequences of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy".

We appreciate the comments by Drs Wang and Zhao regarding our recent article on atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).1 Distinctive from ischemic heart disease, inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in HCM appears to be unassociated with cardiovascular morbidity or mortality or transformation to heart failure deterioration.2–5 Specifically, 19 …
Heavy Atom Effects in Proton Tunneling Phenomena

Intramolecular H tunneling is often analyzed using 1-D theoretical models, or improved models providing a minimum energy pathway defined by model 2- or 3-D PEFs, or models coupling a 1-D tunneling coordinate to a vibrational bath representing all other modes. The analysis of a tunneling coordinate strongly coupled to one or two heavy atom vibrational modes is of much current interest. This problem, which includes heavy atom vibrational-assisted H tunneling, is experimentally accessible to the methods of low-temperature spectroscopy on molecular beam, matrix-isolated, and solid state samples. Heavy atom effects on intramolecular H tunneling, primarily as observed by optical spectroscopy, are considered in this discussion.
Automated Evaluation of Retinopathies Using Image Cytometry

Retinopathic changes are common to many ocular diseases and if detected early, much of the change caused by various injuries can be prevented or in some cases reversed. However, detection and quantification of these changes currently requires tedious invasive and manual examination of retinal wholemount images. To remedy the quantitative limitations, we have designed a software system to automatically determine the vascular cell counts and coverage of retina in wholemount trypsin digest images. To verify the utility of the system, retinal trypsin digests from wild type (bcl-2 +/+) and bcl-2 deficient (bcl-2 -/-) mice were compared. Bcl-2 is a critical regulator of apoptosis with a significant role in retinal angiogenesis and vascularization. The bcl-2 -/- mice exhibited significant reduction in retinal vascular density and complexity. Thus, our results show the potential for automated evaluation of retinal trypsin digests delineating the differences between the wild type and bcl-2-deficient retinal vasculature.
Puerto Rican Plena: The Power of a Song:

In order to bring music of Puerto Rico to the general music classroom, it is important to understand the sociocultural and sociohistorical context of the music. The traditional genre of plena share...
“New Friendship Flourished like Grass in Spring”: Cross-Gender Friendship in Moods and Little Women

[I]f men and women would only trust, understand, and help one another as my children do, what a capital place the world would be!—Jo March, Little Men“Some men think women unfitted for friendship.”...
Germ-line genetic variation in the immunoglobulin heavy chain creates stroke susceptibility in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

The risk of cerebrovascular disease in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-A3/SHRSP) arises from naturally occurring genetic variation. In the present study we show the involvement of...
Bidirectional Relations Between Parenting Practices and Child Externalizing Behaviors in Formerly Homeless Families: A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis.

Objective . This study examined the bidirectional relations between effective parenting practices and externalizing problems in children in homeless families. Design . The sample comprised 223 chil...
A common clinical conundrum: Antidepressant treatment of depression in pregnant women.

Abstract Depression during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal, pregnancy, and infant outcomes. Treatment during pregnancy requires a balanced discussion of the risks of both drug exposure and untreated depression. An updated review of the epidemiology, outcomes, and management of maternal depression is presented. Adverse outcomes are associated with both maternal depression and antidepressants. Research gaps include data on the longitudinal developmental trajectory of offspring exposed to antidepressants compared to depression, with assessment of in utero symptom exposure and environmental exposures. Additionally, neonatal syndrome associated with antidepressant use during pregnancy has no consensus definition or mechanistic explanation. With sophisticated large-scale epidemiologic studies, there has been progress in distinguishing the impact of depression processes from medication used for treatment. Optimal treatment of perinatal depression includes close symptom monitoring and medication adjustments to maintain symptom remission. This evolving field requires frequent consultation with reproductive data sources included in this article.
Transmission Line Fault Location Using Deep Learning Techniques

Precisely detecting the fault location on transmission lines can significantly save labor effort and accelerate the repairing and restoration process. This paper presents a novel single-ended fault location approach for transmission lines using modern deep learning techniques. A mixed convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM) structure are trained to predict the fault distance given the single-ended voltage and current measurements. Convolutional function, pooling layers, and the LSTM structure are used to preserve the translation invariance and capture the temporal correlation of the time-series input data. Advanced deep learning techniques such as adaptive moment estimation and dropout are used to efficiently train the neural network and prevent over-fitting. Extensive studies have demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the deep-learning-based, singled-ended fault location approach.
World Health Ozganization 2017 Classification of Pituitary Tumors

The 2017 (fourth edition) World Health Organization Classification of Endocrine Tumors has recommended major changes in classification of tumors of the pituitary gland and region. In addition to the accurate tumor subtyping, assessment of the tumor proliferative potential (mitotic and/or Ki-67 index) and other clinical parameters such as tumor invasion is strongly recommended in individual cases for consideration of clinically aggressive adenomas. It is expected that this new WHO classification will establish more uniform biologically and clinically groups of pituitary tumors and contribute to understanding of clinical outcomes for patients harboring pituitary tumors.
Emotional Support Animals: How to Accommodate All Students.

This case study is designed for use in graduate courses in student affairs and higher education administration. This case presents some of the challenges that higher education professionals face co...
KICK OUT PD: Feasibility and quality of life in the pilot karate intervention to change kinematic outcomes in Parkinson's Disease.

Background Multiple exercise modalities and mindfulness activities are beneficial in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Karate is a martial art that combines aerobic and large-amplitude movements, balance and core training, and mindfulness, suggesting a potential benefit for individuals with PD from multiple perspectives. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of community-based Shotokan karate classes involving physical activity and mindfulness among individuals with mild- to moderate-stage PD, and to explore the effects of karate on objective and patient-reported outcomes. Methods We conducted a 10-week, unblinded trial of twice weekly, PD-specific karate classes. Feasibility was assessed by: dropout rates, adherence via attendance records, adverse effects and falls, and continued participation six months post-intervention. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of disease-related quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8, PDQ-8), falls, and post-intervention assessment of change in overall wellbeing (Patient Global Impression of Change, PGIC), with exploratory measures of mobility using the Timed Up and Go (TUG), mood using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and cognition using digit span forward and backward and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Results Of 19 enrolled participants, 15 completed the study (79%). Among completers, mean adherence was 87% during the ten weeks of intervention, and 53% maintained karate participation six months later and endorsed sustained improvement, respectively. No adverse effects or change in fall frequency were detected. Among completers, 53% were women, and mean PD duration was 6 years (range 2-20). Quality of life improved to a clinically significant degree (PDQ-8: mean 25.3 (standard deviation (SD) 20.8) versus 19.3 (SD 19.6), p = 0.01, effect size 0.83). On the PGIC, 87% endorsed feeling moderately or considerably better. Mobility did not change significantly (TUG: 9.6 seconds (SD 2.23) versus 9.0 seconds (SD 1.89), p = 0.12, effect size 0.43), nor were there changes in overall physical activity, mood, or cognition (p = 0.35-0.92). Conclusions In a small, 10-week, unblinded trial of community-based karate classes for individuals with mild and moderate PD, high adherence was noted. Quality of life and wellbeing improved significantly, without changes in exploratory outcomes of mobility or neuropsychological outcomes. The study was underpowered, particularly for the exploratory outcomes. Controlled and longitudinal investigation is warranted to confirm our pilot findings and explore the long-term effects and sustainability of karate in PD. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03555695.
Hospital Readmissions for Hyperparathyroidism After Bariatric Surgery in the United States: A National Database Review.

INTRODUCTION The incidence and significance of hyperparathyroidism in patients after bariatric surgery have been established to some degree; however, the impact it has on the national healthcare system has not. We sought to assess the risk of readmission and related comorbidities in this patient population. METHODS The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmission Database was queried for all patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with readmission for hyperparathyroidism. RESULTS A total of 915,792 patients between 2010 and 2015 were queried; 43.2% had undergone SG and 56.8% had RYGB. A total of 589 patients were readmitted for hyperparathyroidism; 80.8% were female and 68% had a Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2. Factors associated with readmission were as follows: age 45-64 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p=0.001), Medicare (OR 3.01, p<0.001) or Medicaid (OR 2.61, p<0.001) insurance status, lower median household income, renal failure (OR 17.14, p<0.001), hypertension (OR 2.89, p<0.001), and deficiency anemia (OR 2.62, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Parathyroid axis monitoring may provide benefits to predictably high-risk patients. Appropriate surveillance may decrease the impact of bariatric hyperparathyroidism readmission on the U.S. healthcare system.
Deconvolution and improved visualization of ocular structures in UBM using deep learning

Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a unique imaging modality used for high-resolution visualization of opaque tissues in the anterior segment of the eye. Due to the lack of dynamic focusing and wide spatially varying point spread function in conventional single element probe, small ocular structures are blurred. Computationally expensive deconvolution approaches can enhance the images but are not suitable for real-time use. We created a supervised generative adversarial network-based deconvolution approach that maps an input image to an enhanced image. We achieved a structural similarity index of 0.85 in our test images without significant degradation. The proposed GAN based deconvolution approach can enhance a single image frame at 31 msec making deconvolution almost real-time.
Rapid, user-friendly, and inexpensive detection of azidothymidine.

Strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is very important to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive patients to reduce new infections and determine treatment success. Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug commonly used in HAART treatment. In this research, an “add, mix, and measure” assay was developed to detect AZT within minutes. Three different probes designed to release fluorophores when samples containing AZT are added were synthesized and characterized. The limit of detection to AZT in simulated urine samples was determined to be 4 μM in 5 min for one of the probes. This simple and rapid point-of-care test could potentially be used by clinicians and health care workers to monitor the presence of AZT in low resource settings.
A Novel Detector for SETI on Radio Telescope Arrays

The advent of SETI detection processing on interferometric telescopes presents challenges for signal processing. Beamforming the outputs of many dishes or aperture arrays is particularly difficult, requiring a very large number of beams to fill the primary field of view (FOV). Meanwhile the array gain is limited because of array sparseness. Incoherent beamforming (IBF) is the conventional alternative. IBF covers the primary FOV at a relatively low computational cost but has limited sensitivity. In this paper, an alternative to beamforming based on the observed covariance matrix is proposed. A method called Covariance Off-Diagonal Sum (CODS) computes the root-mean-square of the covariance matrix elements above the main diagonal, and is found to offer 3 dB (2x) improved sensitivity over IBF while still covering the primary FOV. The computational cost is approximately $N_{AP}/2$ times that of IBF, where $N_{AP}$ is the number of apertures (dishes or aperture array stations), but could be orders of magnitude below beamforming over the full FOV. An Eigenvalue detector is also considered. We hypothesize that CODS will be less sensitive to RFI compared to IBF. The utility of CODS is not limited to narrowband signals in SETI, but could be useful for rapid detection of pulsars and fast radio bursts as well.
Ethics and criminal justice : an introduction

Introduction Part I. Criminalization: 1. Civil society: its institutions and major players 2. Crime and the limits of criminalization 3. Constraints on governmental agents Part II. Policing: 4. Tensions within the police role 5. The burdens of discretion 6. Coercion and deception Part III. Courts: 7. Prosecutors: seeking justice through truth? 8. Defence lawyers: zealous advocacy? 9. The impartial judge? 10. Juries: the lamp of liberty? Part IV. Corrections: 11. Punishment and its alternatives 12. Imprisonment and its alternatives 13. The role of correctional officers 14. Re-entry and collateral consequences.
The Resurgence of Malaria

In the 20th century, there have been three major stages in the understanding of malaria: (i) a period of discovery, beginning in the late 19th century, which defined the parasite life cycle and identified the parasites that infect humans; (ii) a worldwide malaria eradication program, based on massive use of chloroquine (CQ) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), which began in the 1950s and continued for 20 years until it was acknowledged as a failure in the 1970s; and (iii) an era of active scientific investigation that began with development of the in vitro culture system for Plasmodium Falciparum and permitted the application of advances in molecular biology, cell biology, and immunology to malaria in the 1980s and 1990s. This chapter begins by reviewing these three stages. It then examines the biologic and public health reasons that malaria remains a major problem in Southeast Asia, South America, and sub-Saharan Africa at a time when it has been possible to eradicate or control smallpox, polio, yellow fever, and guinea worm (dracunculiasis). The chapter concludes by examining the global impact of increasing resistance to antimalarials and by highlighting recent works which may permit the development of long-term strategies for successful malaria control. The resurgence of malaria is likely to continue for at least the next 3 to 5 years.
IL‐15 Expanded CD8+CD122+ Cells: When Do They Suppress?

CD8þ T cells have long been known to possess suppressive activities. Several CD8þ T cell suppressor populations bearing unique markers have been described in humans and in mice, including those resembling the natural CD4þ regulatory T cells (Tregs) by expression of Foxp3. The murine CD8þCD122þ suppressor cells (CD8þCXCR3þ T cells in humans), in contrast, do not express Foxp3, but rather produce high levels of regulatory cytokines including IL-10 to mediate suppressive function (1). These CD8þCD122þ cells are sometimes termed ‘‘memory-like’’ due to the fact that functional memory CD8 T cells also bear the same CD8þCD122þ phenotype. This paradox was partially resolved with the discovery that expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) differentiates ‘‘regulatory’’ from ‘‘memory’’ CD8þCD122þ cells (2). Interestingly, the CD8þCD122þ T cells have a remarkably skewed Vb repertoire, and suppression by the CD8þCD122þ T cells appears to be dependent on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–T cell receptor (TCR)ab interaction between themselves and the cells to be regulated (3). Both findings suggest that suppression by CD8þCD122þ T cells is likely to have antigen specificity.
“La Lucha”: The Experiences of Latino Family Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience serious mental and physical health effects, and Latino caregivers face special challenges. This article presents the experiences of 10 Latino AD caregivers as derived from a categorical-content narrative analysis of clinical encounters with them. Themes include lack of knowledge about AD and appropriate diagnostic and treatment services in the Latino community, structural obstacles to care, such as language, financial, and legal status barriers, and the experience of multiple biopsychosocial problems, all of which greatly compound a sense of burden. Finally, the cultural value of familismo contrasts with the reality of stressed extended families unable or unwilling to provide emotional, physical, and financial supports to primary caregivers.
Use of cell-specific monoclonal antibodies to isolate renal epithelia.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the immunoadsorption procedures for isolating large, homogeneous populations of both canine and rabbit collecting tubule cells. Cultures of these cells exhibit a number of the differentiated properties of the parent cells even after several passages. In principle, immunoadsorption should be applicable to isolating any cell type against which a specific antibody is available. The procedures for isolating canine and rabbit cortical collecting tubule cells—canine cortical collecting tubule cells and rabbit cortical collecting tubule cells—are described. Unless one already has available antibodies specific for a cell surface protein on the cell of interest, it is necessary to prepare monoclonal antibodies. For immunodissection, the nature of the antigen is of secondary importance, but it must be an ectoantigen present in relative abundance and only on the cell of interest. It is also important that the antibody be of the immunoglobulin G class because IgGs are more stable and easier to purify. Indirect immunofluorescence is used to test for antibodies to specific renal cell types.
Organization of the Visual Sector of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus in Galago

Projections to and from the visual sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus were studied in the prosimian primate genus Galago by anterograde and retrograde transport of WGA-HRP injected into the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLd), pulvinar nucleus, and their cortical targets. Contrary to the idea that thalamic connections with the reticular nucleus are not delimited sharply between nuclei associated with the same modality, our results show a distinct laminar segregation of the projections from the GLd and pulvinar nuclei. The GLd is connected reciprocally with the lateral {frsol|2/3} of the caudal part of the reticular nucleus, and the striate cortex sends projections to the same lateral tier. Both sets of projections are organized topographically, lines of projection taking the form of slender elongated strips that run from caudo-dorsal to rostro-ventral within the nucleus. The pulvinar nucleus, which projects to several areas of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, including the striate cortex, is connected reciprocally with the medial {frsol|1/3} of the caudal part of the reticular nucleus. Every injection into the pulvinar nucleus labelled a wide area of the medial tier, with no indication of visuotopic organization. The projections from the middle temporal area, one of the principal targets of the pulvinar nucleus, also terminate only in the medial tier of the visual sector. And we would expect that, in general, a thalamic nucleus and its cortical target would project to the same part of the reticular nucleus. The case of the striate area is an exception but only in the sense that it projects to the pulvinar nucleus as well as GLd. Thus an injection into a single locus in area 17 produces two parallel strips in the visual sector of the reticular nucleus, but both are in the lateral tier. We propose that each strip arises from a separate population of cells with cortical layer VI, one with an allegiance to the GLd and the other to the pulvinar nucleus.