cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of a micromachined multispectral magnetic resonance imaging agent

This paper describes the fabrication details of magnetic nano- and microstructures that enable a new class of multispectral magnetic resonance imaging agents. Magnetic field and associated geometrical fabrication constraints particular to these new multispectral contrast agents are described, and fabrication schemes based on both electrochemical deposition and thermal evaporation are presented. Relative advantages and disadvantages of top-down microfabrication approaches versus traditional bottom-up chemical synthesis routes are discussed with a focus on trade-offs between resulting microparticle functionality and fabrication process economy. It is shown that large numbers of contrast agent nano- or microstructures can be simultaneously fabricated, suggesting that top-down microfabricated contrast agents may represent an economical, attractive alternative to those based on chemically synthesized molecules or nanoparticles.
Discrimination learning in the white rhinoceros

Abstract This study examined the ability of two adult white rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum simum ) to develop a visual discrimination between an open circle and a triangle. These stimuli were presented as black symbols on large white cards. The cards were presented 4.6 m apart and a food reward was given if the subject approached the open circle. Ten discrimination choices were given daily until each subject reached the criterion of 80% correct responding over a block of 50 trials. The female reached the criterion over trials 151–200, while the male required considerably longer (trials 501–550). The male's discrimination was dramatically affected by a shift in the food reward. This study demonstrates that these rhinos were able to develop a successful discrimination and this protocol could be used to further examine their visual acuity.
Structural Engineers and Sustainability: An Opinion Survey

AbstractEnergy use in buildings is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change; the residential sector uses more than 20% of the energy in the United States. For this reason among others it is important to implement sustainable design practices in construction. Previous research has shown that there are significant barriers to doing so and that sustainability is not a main consideration in choosing the structural system. To improve understanding of structural engineers’ attitudes toward sustainability, an opinion survey was conducted in Oregon and Washington. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Results highlight lack of information as a major barrier to adopting sustainable design practices. Respondents request standardized, current, and reputable data applicable to codes and standards. Results also indicate that clients are the most important influence on structural engineers. Results suggest that structural engineers should expand their thinking about both t...
A secret agent? How infants learn about the identity of objects in a causal scene.

Abstract Four experiments examined the role of correlations between dynamic and static parts on 12- to 16-month-olds’ ability to learn the identity of agents and recipients in a simple causal event. Infants were habituated to events in which objects with a dynamic or static part acted as an agent or a recipient and then were tested with an event in which the part–causal role relations were switched. Experiment 1 revealed that 16-month-olds, but not 12-month-olds, associate a dynamic part with the role of agent and a static part with the role of recipient. Experiment 2 showed that 12- and 16-month-olds do not associate a static part with the role of agent or a dynamic part with the role of recipient. Experiment 3 demonstrated that 14-month-olds will learn the relations presented in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Experiment 4 revealed that 12-month-olds were able to discriminate the two geometric figures in the events. The results are discussed with respect to infants’ developing ability to attend to correlations between dynamic and static cues and the mechanism underlying early object concept acquisition.
Ultrafast holographic recording using two-photon-induced photopolymerization

Previously, we have reported the first demonstration of holographic two-photon induced photopolymerization (H-TPIP) in the construction of transmission holograms. This technique relies on the coupling of a two-photon absorbing chromophore and a photocurable optical resin. Several different systems have been successfully explored; all involving varied reaction pathways. Since the initial report, we have also expanded this technique to reflection holograms and some bulk structures. While the applications for this process are widely ranging, the underlying physical mechanisms still require a great deal of investigation. In this work, we report on some of the photo-physical mechanisms involved in the H-TPIP technique. Specifically, we will report on evidence for mass-transport phenomena, and the role of localized thermal loading. We also discuss a preliminary model, which examines the coupling between the chromophore's excited state population, initiation of the polymerization reaction, and localized thermal deposition.
THE IMPACT OF EXTREME OBSERVATIONS ON SIMPLE FORECASTING METHODS

In general linear modeling, an alternative to the method of least squares (LS) is the least absolute deviations (LAD) procedure. Although LS is more widely used, the LAD approach yields better estimates in the presence of outliers. In this paper, we examine the performance of LAD estimators for the parameters of the first-order autoregressive model in the presence of outliers. A simulation study compared these estimates with those given by LS. The general conclusion is that LAD does not deal successfully with additive outliers. A simple procedure is proposed which allows exception reporting when outliers occur.
Kant's political writings

(1993). Kant's political writings. History of European Ideas: Vol. 17, No. 2-3, pp. 379-379.
Systematic review of preoperative mandibular canal position as it relates to postoperative neurosensory disturbance following the sagittal split ramus osteotomy

The purpose of this study was to review the current literature for the relationship between the preoperative position of the mandibular canal on three-dimensional (3D) radiographic imaging and postoperative neurosensory disturbance (NSD) following a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database for articles published from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2013. Studies that included preoperative 3D imaging and assessment of NSD after surgery were reviewed. Study sample characteristics and results were extracted. Of the 69 articles identified, seven met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was no standardization for measuring the canal position or for evaluating NSD. General consensus was that the less space between the mandibular canal and the outer border of the buccal cortex the more frequent the occurrence of NSD. Increased bone density also appeared to contribute to a higher incidence of NSD. Utilization of 3D images to locate and measure the position of the mandibular canal is not standardized. Advances in 3D imaging and evaluation tools allow for new methodologies to be developed. Early attempts are informative, but additional studies are needed to verify the relationship between the location of the nerve and NSD following surgery.
Donor-specific blood transfusions with stored and fresh blood in a rat heart allograft model

Donor-specific transfusions (DSTs) using stored and fresh blood were investigated in a rat heart allograft model. Lewis rats were recipients of preoperative DSTs and cardiac allografts from ACI donors. Blood was stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks prior to transfusion. Allograft survival and recipient sensitization were recorded. In all DST groups, allograft survival was superior to nontransfused controls (P < 0.05). Stored blood was equal or better than fresh blood, and a 2-week storage was optimal (P < 0.05). Storage of 2 weeks or greater resulted in decreased sensitization compared to storage for 1 week or less (P < 0.05). This study supports the use of stored blood to enhance allograft survival and reduce recipient sensitization.
IDEALISM AND THE PARTICIPANT'S WORLD

Leonard Guelke has suggested a new mode of geographic inquiry based upon an analysis of individual human actions and avoiding reliance upon theory, as implied by epistemological idealism. His position has been criticized for its emphasis upon rationality and the investigator's reconstructive ability. An idealist geography could. however, provide an understanding of the milieu surrounding a given situation and an explanation of events arising from it if its practitioners gained sufficient field exposure to become sensitive to the nuances of meaning and the oblique expressions of common experience required to achieve the reconstructions to which Guelke refers.
Grating-coupled excitation of multiple surface plasmon-polariton waves

The excitation of multiple surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves of different linear polarization states and phase speeds by a surface-relief grating formed by a metal and a rugate filter, both of finite thickness, was studied theoretically, using rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The incident plane wave can be either $p$ or $s$ polarized. The excitation of SPP waves is indicated by the presence of those peaks in the plots of absorptance vs the incidence angle that are independent of the thickness of the rugate filter. The absorptance peaks representing the excitation of $s$-polarized SPP waves are narrower than those representing $p$-polarized SPP waves. Two incident plane waves propagating in different directions may excite the same SPP wave. A line source could excite several SPP waves simultaneously.
Naproxen-derived segmented and sidechain-modified polysiloxanes as chiral stationary phases

Abstract The preparation of a series of polysiloxane-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) derived from (S)-naproxen diallyl amide is described. Two types of chiral polysiloxanes have been synthesized. Segmented polymers were obtained by double hydrosilation of the diallyl amide with difunctional oligomethylhydrosiloxanes. The latter are obtained by a linear homologation strategy, thus allowing systematic variation of the spacing of the chiral selectors along the polymer chain. This spacing clearly affects chromatographic behavior, for increased spacing decreases retention even when the total amount of chiral selector present is unaltered. Alternatively, chiral polysiloxanes were prepared by adding, through hydrosilylation, the diallyl amide as pendent sidechains to a polymethyl-hydrosiloxane. The resulting polymers were coated on silica gel, packed into HPLC columns and evaluated using normal and reversed-phase conditions. Comparison of the performance of both types of chiral polysiloxane-based CSPs shows them to afford less retention and comparable or higher enantioselectivity than does the corresponding brush-type CSP.
Rapid Determination of Ytterbium in Aqueous Solutions and in Thulium Oxide by Neutron Activation

In analyses of aqueous samples, the coefficient of variation of a single analysis was 5%, the content of ytterbium was 0.064%. Since interfering activities were practically negligible and activities produced were on a level very suitable to the counter used, this value was felt to be the approximate lower limit of the coefficient of variation. In thulium oxide samples the resolution of the decay curve showed two components: 6 sec and 1.3 min. The latter was identified as dysprosium-165m. Results of analyses of thulium oxide samples as fine powder are tabulated. It was concluded from decay curves that when a thulium oxide powder contains 6 ppm dysprosium, the lower limit of ytterbium detection is about 0.01%. (P.C.H.)
How will fast-approaching global accounting standards affect U.S. firms?

After nearly a decade of debate, it looks like global accounting standards are now inevitable. If international standards are accepted for cross-border security filings, how will it affect U.S. accounting standards and securities regulation? And can the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) effectively harmonize global accounting standards? © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Safety Analysis: Relative Risks of Ultraviolet Exposure from Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Colposcopy Are Comparable*

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a promising tool for use in the diagnosis of disease in human tissue. However, few published reports have evaluated the safety of this technique, despite the fact that many spectroscopic systems use UV illumination. This study determined the relative risk associated with light exposure from spectroscopic systems compared with the traditional light sources that are used to illuminate tissue and direct biopsies. We compared spectroscopic detection systems for the cervix to the colposcope, a low-power microscope routinely used to illuminate the cervix, which does not cause any known photochemical damage. We measured the average spectral irradiance (W/[cm2nm]) and the average tissue exposure time during a diagnostic colposcopy examination. To quantify the relative risks, we multiplied illumination spectra by several action spectra from the literature and compared the areas under the curves corresponding to each procedure. The risk associated with the average power colposcope served as our basis for comparison. We conclude that the risks of illumination using spectroscopic systems are lower than or comparable to those already encountered in routine diagnostic procedures such as colposcopy with an average power colposcope. Spectroscopic examination can be associated with a somewhat higher risk than a colposcopy with the lowest power colposcope or a shorter than average colposcopy. The analysis presented can be repeated to estimate the magnitude of risks associated with other spectroscopic diagnostic devices.
A Panoramic View of Fault Management for Longitudinal Control of Automated Vehicle Platooning

This paper proposes some principles for fault management of longitudinal control of automated vehicles in AHS. Systems faults may be broadly divided into software and hardware. Software fault management is briefly addressed. These faults can be avoided by proper controller design, rigorous algorithm development, correct and robust code construction, simulation and real-time run test. Emphases are put on hardware faults. Hardware faults which may appear in practice are classified according to their likelihood of appearance, impact on safety, robust stability within controller bandwidth and maneuverability. The most prominent cases are those when communication and/or radar are in fault. From control viewpoint, they have very strong impact on string stability. The main difficulties in these cases are: (a) Some or all of the three parameters: relative distance, speed and acceleration, are not directly available; (b) Measurements of these parameters contains some noise; (c) Filtering and estimation of these parameters lead to some time delay and discrepancy. General principle of control strategy for each fault case is proposed. Corresponding string stability of the platoon is briefly analyzed. Consideration in this paper is in higher level. To practically implement each of these strategies will be addressed in future works.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Fungal colonization of computer diskettes and other magnetic media

Computer diskettes can be colonized by saprophytic fungi, especially in the humid tropics. Fungi of the generaAlternaria, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, andTrichoderma were observed on diskettes from several tropical countries. Common saprophytic fungi from Minnesota colonized clean standard and high density diskettes in growth chambers, indicating that fungal contamination could occur wherever temperature and humidity were adequate.Fusarium species infested diskettes buried in garden soil in Minnesota. Audiotapes, videotapes, and computer magnetic tapes chemically resemble diskettes and also can be colonized by fungi, as can photographic film. The Mylar core of these magnetic media did not support the growth ofPenicillium glabrum, the most aggressive fungus in diskette inoculation studies. However, growth of several fungal species was enhanced when the common plasticizer, lecithin, was added in powdered form to nutrient agar, suggesting that this ingredient of the diskettes may be metabolized by the fungi.
Structure and function of herpesvirus genomes II. EcoRI, XbaI, and Hin dIII endonuclease cleavage sites on herpes simplex virus type I DNA

Abstract Restriction endonuclease cleavage site mapping of the herpes simplex virus type I genome shows that the DNA is composed of a large segment of 80 megadaltons linked to a small segment of 16 megadaltons. The DNA molecules fall into four distinct groups, related to each other by the relative orientation of the large segment and the small segment. In addition, the large segment shows limited heterogeneity at its ends so that there is a possible total of more than 16 distinguishable populations of DNA molecules.
Natural Convection in an Enclosure With Blend of Micro Encapsulated Phase Change Materials

This numerical study investigates the effect of using a blend of micro-encapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) on the heat transfer characteristics of a liquid in a rectangular enclosure driven by natural convection. A comparison has been made between the cases of using single component MEPCM slurry and a blend of two-component MEPCM slurry. The natural convection is generated by the temperature difference between two vertical walls of the enclosure maintained at constant temperatures. Each of the two phase change materials store latent heat at a specific range of temperatures. During phase change of the PCM, the effective density of the slurry varies. This results in thermal expansion and hence a buoyancy driven flow. The effects of MEPCM concentration in the slurry and changes in the operating conditions such as the wall temperatures compared to that of pure water have been studied. The MEPCM latent heat and the increased volumetric thermal expansion coefficient during phase change of the MEPCM play a major role in this heat transfer augmentation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Monolithic porous polymer for on-chip solid-phase extraction and preconcentration prepared by photoinitiated in situ polymerization within a microfluidic device.

Monolithic porous polymers have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization within the channels of a microfluidic device and used for on-chip solid-phase extraction and preconcentration. The preparation of the monolithic material with hydrophobic and ionizable surface chemistries is easily achieved by copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with ethylene dimethacrylate, or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride with ethylene dimethacrylate, respectively. The porous properties, and consequently the flow resistance, of the monolithic device are controlled by the use of a mixture of hexane and methanol as a porogenic mixture. This mixture was designed to meet the specific requirements for pore formation within macroporous monoliths useful in the microfluidic formats. The low flow resistance enables high flow rates of up to 10 μL/min, which corresponds to a linear flow velocity of 50 mm/s and far exceeds the flow velocities typical of the common analytical micro...
Spatial distribution of underweight, overweight and obesity among women and children: results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey.

While undernutrition and infectious diseases are still persistent in developing countries, overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities have become more prevalent. Uganda, a developing sub-Saharan African country, is currently experiencing the public health paradox of undernutrition and overnutrition. We utilized the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to examine risk factors and hot spots for underweight, overweight, and obesity among adult females (N = 2,420) and their children (N = 1,099) using ordinary least squares and multinomial logit regression and the ArcGIS Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Overweight and obese women were significantly more likely to have overweight children, and overweight was correlated with being in the highest wealth class (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.99–4.35), and residing in an urban (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.34–2.29) but not a conflict prone (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29–0.78) area. Underweight clustered significantly in the Northern and Northeastern regions, while overweight females and children clustered in the Southeast. We demonstrate that the DHS can be used to assess geographic clustering and burden of disease, thereby allowing for targeted programs and policies. Further, we pinpoint specific regions and population groups in Uganda for targeted preventive measures and treatment to reduce the burden of overweight and chronic diseases in Uganda.
NEO Impact Scenarios

Several of this Conference's baseline scenarios involve NEOs, with specified physical characteristics, predicted to strike Earth at a specified future time. They offer opportunities for aerospace engineers to design successful deflection missions to very specific constraints. These scenarios serve as the foundation for some of this conference's papers. Here I step back and examine a broader range of implications of these scenarios; I also describe some different, but plausible or even much more likely, scenarios that astronomers, engineers, policy makers, and public officials should be prepared to deal with. The impact hazard so far has been essentially theoretical, with no consequential physical impacts (except for fireballs, meteorites, and, of course, Tunguska) during the 20th century. The same will likely be true for this century. But the impact threat is not, therefore, only a very low-probability or far-distantfuture issue; it has ongoing practical implications. To prepare for the unlikely discovery of an actual threatening NEO, the purpose of Spaceguard and the raison d'etre for designing mitigation, the world's "sentry" system must be reliably prepared to deal with events that are unexpected, indeed unprecedented. In particular, astronomical observing techniques, reporting procedures, the sifting of data and posting of ephemerides by the Minor Planet Center (MPC), the independent calculations of impact probabilities by Sentry and NEODys, and the process of public announcement of a potential impact...all must avoid missing the very unlikely signal, should one manifest itself. Yet the chance of an unprecedented real event happening is much smaller than that an error has occurred. So very careful judgements must be made, and quickly. For even though a predicted impact is likely to be decades away, rapid, reliable decisions are required to follow-up an NEO while it is still near the Earth, and to provide the fast-paced news media with accurate information to avoid hype. Some impact scenarios have substantial implications for the further design and operation of detection and warning systems as well as for disaster planners and crisis mitigation. For instance, if a real impact were predicted, plans for evacuating ground zero might be needed, even as efforts to divert the NEO were underway. One scenario actually played out just last month (13-14 January 2004). For nine hours, experts felt there was a credible chance (perhaps 1% to 25%) that a mini-Tunguska (or even Tunguska-scale) impact might occur the very next evening (just after President Bush's space policy speech), or at least during the next few days. The real object (much larger and farther away) missed the Earth by millions of km several weeks later. But the MPC posted on its Confirmation Page a nominal orbit, fitting undersampled LINEAR data, that actually impacted the Earth. Six hours later, some experts still thought that it might hit. Finally, amateur astronomer Brian Warner, with clear skies, found that the "virtual impactor" did not exist, so impact was ruled out. Had he been clouded out, when should a report have gone out, and with what consequences?
An antiserum against amyloid β-protein precursor detects a unique peptide in Alzheimer brain

Abstract An antiserum was raised against an amino acid sequence predicted from the DNA sequence of amyloid β-protein precursor (ABPP), and it was then affinity-purified. This affinity-purified antibody (anti-GID) intensely stained neurons and dystrophic neurites in plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, but marginally stained neurons of age-matched normal individuals. Anti-GID antibody detected a series of protein bands with a molecular weight centered at 100,000 and a second band at 55,000 on a blot of the human brain particulate fraction. It also stained a set of bands with a molecular weight around 95,000 and a doublet of M r 16,000 in the soluble fraction. A band at M r 35,000 was detected in the soluble fraction prepared from brain tissue of AD patients but not from control brain tissue. A strong immunostaining of AD sections with anti-GID and the presence of a M r 35,000 band unique to AD might reflect an altered processing of ABPP in AD brains
Response to “Comment on ‘Theoretical analysis of numerical aperture increasing lens microscopy’” [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 053105 (2005)]

We have identified that there is a small error in the original paper by Ippolito et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 97, 053105 (2005)] and we express our thanks to the authors of the comment for bringing it to our attention. However, the comment by Sheppard and Huat [J. Appl. Phys. 100, 086108 (2006)] has misinterpretations that lead to erroneous conclusions. We disagree with the statement of the comment that the conclusions on planar interface would carry through to the case of a numerical aperture increasing lens (NAIL). Our model calculates the wave aberration and provides valuable insight to the limitations of spatial resolution in the case of NAIL imaging and its dependence on various parameters, whereas angular spectrum method is not applicable to a spherical interface. The only significant error by Ippolito et al. is limited to an incorrect plot of Φ040 although the correct equation is given in the article.
Immobilization antigen variation in natural isolates of Tetrahymena thermophila

In Tetrahymena thermophila alternative forms of the major cell surface glycoprotein (the immobilization antigen) are specified by both allelic and non-allelic genes. The differential expression of non-allelic genes is affected primarily by temperature and culture medium. This report describes expression and genetic variation of immobilization antigens among 2,600 clones isolated from natural populations. The temperature regulated L (<20 o ) and H (20 o C-36 o C) antigens and two new antigens J and K were present among ∼57% of isolates; the remaining 43% appear to have unknown antigens. Genetic and Southern analyses show that J and K are due to genes with dominant epistasis over H and that the gene for K is also epistatic over that for J. This is the first reported instance of naturally occurring epistasis involving immobilization antigen expression in T. thermophila. In ponds, the frequencies of J and H vary inversely in a manner consistent with dominant epistasis. The frequencies of J and H also show seasonal variation, with J more common in the late spring, and H more common in the late summer and fall. L and H (and J) also show seasonal variation, with L more common in the early spring and late fall. Allelic variation was also found among the H antigens. Immunodiffusion showed that the H3 protein of natural isolates is partially identical to H3 of inbred strain B. In addition, two Hind III restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found among the natural SerH3 genes. New SerH3 genes also appeared to segregate in crosses. The genetic and seasonal variation in i-antigen frequencies suggests an important biological role for these surface proteins
A new MRI ratio method for in-vivo estimation of signal hypointensity in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract 1. 1. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is accompanied by a disruption in iron metabolism. There is no universally accepted method for detecting brain iron. 2. 2. The authors have developed a novel “ratio” method which uses the red nucleus as an internal reference. We postulated that this method would improve our sensitivity in detecting differences in MRI signal intensities and that it would allow us to measure brain iron deposition. 3. 3. The ratio method reasonably reproduced previous reports of the normal deposition of iron in brain that occurs with aging. It failed to distinguish any differences in three brain areas: putamen, left frontal lobe and whole slice in AD patients versus age and sex matched controls. 4. 4. It also failed to detect differences with AD progression or severity. 5. 5. The ratio method itself warrants further investigation.
Dysprosium magneto-optical traps

Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) of highly magnetic lanthanides open the door to explorations of novel phases of strongly correlated matter such as lattice supersolids and quantum liquid crystals. We recently reported the first MOTs of the five high-abundance isotopes of the most magnetic atom, dysprosium. Described here are details of the experimental technique employed for repumper-free Dy MOTs containing up to half a billion atoms. Extensive characterization of the MOTs' properties---population, temperature, loading, metastable decay dynamics, and trap dynamics---is provided.
Myelination of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons by oligodendrocytes obtained from adult rats

Enzymatically dissociated cell suspensions from adult rat spinal cord were added at low densities (5 X 10(3) cells/culture) to cultures of pure dorsal root ganglion neurons. Oligodendrocytes, identified by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody to galactocerebroside, began to proliferate by 4 days after their addition, forming large colonies of cells by the 14th day. Myelin formation by oligodendrocytes began 4 weeks after addition and myelin was abundant by 6 weeks. Oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelination did not require the immediate presence of astrocytes; the number of astrocytes overall remained low throughout the culture period. Preliminary studies indicated that the specific removal of galactocerebroside-positive cells from the cultures with anti-galactocerebroside antibody and complement 3 days after their addition prevented the subsequent generation of new oligodendrocytes and myelination. These preliminary results suggest that a major source of new myelinating cells in the adult central nervous system (CNS) might be already committed, galactocerebroside-positive, oligodendrocytes rather than uncommitted stem cells. The absence of cellular barriers between the myelinating cells and the medium make these cultures well suited for studies probing cellular and molecular mechanisms of myelination in the CNS.
Disease specific productivity of american cancer hospitals.

Context Research-oriented cancer hospitals in the United States treat and study patients with a range of diseases. Measures of disease specific research productivity, and comparison to overall productivity, are currently lacking. Hypothesis Different institutions are specialized in research of particular diseases. Objective To report disease specific productivity of American cancer hospitals, and propose a summary measure. Method We conducted a retrospective observational survey of the 50 highest ranked cancer hospitals in the 2013 US News and World Report rankings. We performed an automated search of PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov for published reports and registrations of clinical trials (respectively) addressing specific cancers between 2008 and 2013. We calculated the summed impact factor for the publications. We generated a summary measure of productivity based on the number of Phase II clinical trials registered and the impact factor of Phase II clinical trials published for each institution and disease pair. We generated rankings based on this summary measure. Results We identified 6076 registered trials and 6516 published trials with a combined impact factor of 44280.4, involving 32 different diseases over the 50 institutions. Using a summary measure based on registered and published clinical trails, we ranked institutions in specific diseases. As expected, different institutions were highly ranked in disease-specific productivity for different diseases. 43 institutions appeared in the top 10 ranks for at least 1 disease (vs 10 in the overall list), while 6 different institutions were ranked number 1 in at least 1 disease (vs 1 in the overall list). Conclusion Research productivity varies considerably among the sample. Overall cancer productivity conceals great variation between diseases. Disease specific rankings identify sites of high academic productivity, which may be of interest to physicians, patients and researchers.
Intuition vs. deduction: Some thought experiments concerning Likert's linking-pin theory of organization

Abstract The implications of the overlapping, hierarchical (linking-pin) structure proposed by Likert, 1961 , Likert, 1967 were evaluated through the use of “thought experiments” (Davis, 1980 ; Davis & Kerr, 1986) ; i.e., using formal models to logically deduce the potential implications of theoretical assumptions. A series of computer simulations, based on Social Decision Scheme theory (Davis, 1973) , were used to test the notion that Likert's linking-pin organizational structure would lead to greater and more accurate upward communication flow. The simulation results indicated that the successive decision processes implied in the Linking-Pin model can, under some conditions, lead to systematic distortions in the representation of lower-level preferences and opinions at the higher levels of decision-making. Assuming a majority decision process, the distortions tend to underemphasize minority views. In addition, results indicated that the degree of minority/majority segregation at different organizational levels also affects the degree to which lower-level preferences are accurately represented at higher organizational levels. Finally, there is a discussion of the implications of these results, and of the thought experiment approach in general, for organizational theory and research.
Clasp assembly modifications and their effect on abutment tooth movement.

Abstract These laboratory tests were undertaken to study how clasp assembly modifications would affect abutment tooth movement. The removal of first the reciprocal clasp arms, and subsequently the retentive clasp arms from three removable partial denture castings had, in general, little or no effect on abutment tooth movement.
Road profile estimation of city roads using DTPS

This work presents a non-destructive and non-contact acoustic sensing approach for measuring road profile of road and bridge deck with vehicles running at normal speed without stopping traffic. This approach uses an instantaneous and real-time dynamic tire pressure sensor (DTPS) that can measure dynamic response of the tire-road interaction and increases the efficiency of currently used road profile measuring systems with vehicle body-mounted profilers and axle-mounted accelerometers. In this work, a prototype of real-time DTPS system has been developed and demonstrated on a testing van at speeds from 5 to 80 miles per hour (mph). A data analysis algorithm has been developed to remove axle dynamic motions from the measured DTPS data and to find the transfer function between dynamic tire pressure change and the road profile. Field test has been performed to estimate road profiles. The road profile resolution is approximately 5 to 10 cm in width and sensitivity is 0. 3 cm for the height road surface features at driving speeds of 5 to 80 mph.
SATCOM-On-The-Move link emulator based on physical propagation models

Mobile satellite communications are affected by signal distortions that are negligible in traditional, fixed SATCOM applications. These distortions include delay and Doppler spread multipath that exhibit significant variations over a relatively short period. Accurate modeling and emulation of the fast fading multipath requires substantially different techniques than the slow fading models traditionally used for satellite communication systems. This paper presents a physically based model for accurate modeling of fast fading in a SATCOM-On-The-Move (SOTM) environment. A dynamic link emulator is described that provides hardware-in-the-loop testing of SOTM modems and systems. Of particular importance is the phase continuous emulation of both carrier and data Doppler and propagation delay.
Use of quinolones in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections.

Bacterial enteropathogens are responsible for between 40 % and 80 % of diarrheal illness depending upon the age of the persons affected and geographic area where illness occurs. Antibacterial agents will shorten the illness associated with enteric infection caused by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli, Shigella spp. andCampylobacter jejuni. These drugs also are effective in the therapy of certain clinical conditions (presumably because they are due to the same agents) which are characterized by moderate to severe diarrhea with one or more of the following: high fever, dysentery (passage of bloody mucoid stools), or high leukocyte counts in stools. Antimicrobial agents are also effective in the therapy of travelers' diarrhea. The quinolone drugs have several advantages in the management of bacterial diarrhea where strains causing illness from nearly all regions of the world will show general susceptibility: high concentrations are achieved in the intestinal lumen following oral administration and resistance development is unusual. A quinolone probably represents the optimal agent for therapy of bacterial diarrhea in adults in areas where trimethoprim-resistant enteric pathogens are common.
Chromatofocusing profile of purified human α-fetoprotein and albumin differs from those of crude samples: Effect of protein concentration on the elution of the sample

Chromatofocusing was utilized to characterize charge microheterogeneity of purified human α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human serum albumin (HSA). Crude cord blood samples yielded three isoforms: AFP-IA, IB, and II, with pIs 4,57 (52%), 4,27 (43%), and <4,00 (5%), respectively. In contrast, 10 μg of purified AFP or 250,000 cpm of 125I-AFP eluted entirely as isoform AFP-II. 125I-AFP focused in the presence of crude cord blood, amniotic fluid, adult male serum, or 25 mg purified HSA resulted in elution profiles similar to those of crude cord blood. Pure AFP focused along with 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, or 10 mg HSA showed a gradual shift from AFP-II to AFP-I. With ≥5 mg HSA, isoform I was further resolve into AFP-IA and IB. Similarly, 250,000 cpm of 125I-HSA, which also eluted entirely as isoform II, showed a gradual shift to isoform I when increasing concentrations of unlabeled HSA were added. The resolution of isoform HSA-I in HSA-IA, IB, and IC was again improved with ≥5 mg unlabeled HSA. When carrier proteins of varying pI values were chromatofocused along with purified AFP, it was observed that only those proteins withpIs in the range of AFP caused significant alteration in the relative distribution of AFP. We conclude that sample protein concentration and composition must be carefully considered when chromatofocusing is being used for purified samples and when the elution profiles of samples from different origins and varying protein concentrations are being compared.
Aprendizaje colaborativo y uso de las redes sociales en educación primaria

En este articulo se mostrara la importancia que tienen en el proceso de ensenanzaaprendizaje las Tecnologias de la Informacion y Comunicacion, el aprendizaje colaborativo y las redes sociales (Facebook y Twitter). Se explicaran algunas actividades en relacion con las redes sociales que pueden realizarse en educacion primaria.
Food waste in the United States: A contributing factor toward environmental instability

The world’s population continues to increase at record rates along with corresponding nutritional needs and related agricultural consequences. In the United States, food waste levels serve as dominant components of land-fill masses, oil and freshwater waste, methane and CO2 emissions, damage to wildlife ecosystems, and substantial financial losses. Agricultural effects on the environment were investigated through various research studies, referenced in this document, and efforts made toward food waste recycling were discussed as noteworthy models concerning improvements in sustainable agricultural practices. Food waste levels in the United States can be traced as faults of consumers, agricultural businesses, as well as federal legislation and there is an evident need for reform to maintain consumer health, viable foreign affairs, and environmental sustainability. Present agricultural practices are intense and rapid, increasing the risk of soil infertility and commercial alterations in production yields; repercussions well documented in neighboring nations. Experts argue that food waste in developed countries damages food availability around the world and, based on current agricultural practices and production, there is debate conc
Architectures and performance of laser links in microwave phased-array antenna systems

This paper presents functional architectures providing transmission link, and beamforming for multiple element microwave antennas. System performance parameters including dynamic range and bandwidth are considered from the standpoint of electrooptical component performance. Measured performance of direct modulated semiconductor laser sources, link subsystems, and a three-bit fiber-optic time-delay network are presented.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in chronic sinusitis using polymerase chain reaction

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in chronic sinusitis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assay for the viruses. PCR has proved to be more sensitive and specific than viral cultures and immunoassays in the detection of viruses. Adenovirus and RSV are among the most common viruses to cause upper respiratory tract infections. Sinus mucosa biopsies from 20 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were sterilely collected. Four specimens (20%) tested positive for RSV by PCR and none tested positive for adenovirus. Only one specimen tested positive for RSV and one for adenovirus by viral culture and immunofluorescence. Bacterial cultures tested positive in 40% of the 20 specimens. PCR can be used to detect RSV in patients with chronic sinusitis and PCR is more sensitive than viral culture and immunofluorescence techniques on sinus polyps and mucosa.
Resting energy expenditure and prediction equations in young children with failure to thrive.

Abstract Objective: To compare predicted and measured resting energy expenditure (REE) in young children (birth to 3 years) with failure to thrive (FTT). Methods: REE (kcal/d) was measured by indirect calorimetry and compared with predicted REE from 3 sex and age group equations: World Health Organization (WHO), Schofield weight-based (SCH-WT), and Schofield weight- and height-based (SCH-WT-HT). The clinical characteristics associated with inaccuracy of predicted REE were examined. Results: Forty-five subjects (47% female) were evaluated. Their clinical characteristics (mean ± SD) included age 1.2 ± 0.7 years, length/height z score –2.1 ± 1.3, weight z score –2.7 ± 1.0, and measured REE 438 ± 111 kcal/d. All prediction equations were within 10% accuracy P =.2) and was least likely to underestimate REE. Younger age and more severe growth failure (based on weight, length/height, or both) were associated with underestimation of REE by prediction equations. Conclusion: REE should be measured in young infants and children with moderate to severe FTT when knowledge of caloric needs is required for optimal clinical care. The SCH-WT-HT equation was least likely to underestimate REE and is therefore preferred when REE cannot be measured in this group of children. (J Pediatr 2000;136:345-50)
Orienting Under Load: Intrinsic Dynamics and Postural Affordances for Visual Perception

Orientation toward one's surroundings is necessary for prospective control of action, and constraints on orienting activity have consequences for animal survival. Physically coupled load is a constraint for humans wearing protective equipment (firefighters, soldiers, etc.). The consequences of load on postural affordances while transitioning to upright stance was used to quantify the impact of different soldier configurations. Eight participants established upright posture in 4 relevant load configurations (5.0 to 79.2 lb). Load affected the accessibility of optical information at a distance as evidenced by increasing downward head angles and reductions in postural coordination. Reductions in the variability of time to establish upright stance with load suggests a loss of functional adaptability. Load asymmetries played a significant role as the most asymmetric configuration (not the heaviest) had the most detrimental effect on postural affordances. Center of Pressure (CoP) dynamics reflected the conseque...
The acidic tail of the Cdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functions in both binding to and catalysis with ubiquitin ligase SCFCdc4.

Ubiquitin ligases, together with their cognate ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, are responsible for the ubiquitylation of proteins, a process that regulates a myriad of eukaryotic cellular functions. The first cullin-RING ligase discovered, yeast SCFCdc4, functions with the conjugating enzyme Cdc34 to regulate the cell cycle. Cdc34 orthologs are notable for their highly acidic C-terminal extension. Here we confirm that the Cdc34 acidic C-terminal tail has a role in Cdc34 binding to SCFCdc4 and makes a major contribution to the submicromolar Km of Cdc34 for SCFCdc4. Moreover, we demonstrate that a key functional property of the tail is its acidity. Our analysis also uncovers an unexpected new function for the acidic tail in promoting catalysis. We demonstrate that SCF is functional when Cdc34 is fused to the C terminus of Cul1 and that this fusion retains partial function even when the acidic tail has been deleted. The Cdc34-SCF fusion proteins that lack the acidic tail must interact in a fundamentally different manner than unfused SCF and wild type Cdc34, demonstrating that distinct mechanisms of E2 recruitment to E3, as is seen in nature, can sustain substrate ubiquitylation. Finally, a search of the yeast proteome uncovered scores of proteins containing highly acidic stretches of amino acids, hinting that electrostatic interactions may be a common mechanism for facilitating protein assembly.
Λ 0 Hyperon Polarization in Inclusive Production by 300-GeV Protons on Beryllium

..lambda../sup 0/ polarization has been observed in p + Be ..-->.. ..lambda../sup 0/ + anything at 300 GeV. A total of 1.2 x 10/sup 6/ ..lambda../sup 0/ decays were recorded at fixed lab angles between 0 and 9.5 mrad, covering a range of kinematic variables 0.3 < or = x(or = 0.7 and 0 < or = p/sub perpendicular/ < or = 1.5 GeV/c. The observed polarization was consistent with parity conservationa and increased monotonically with increasing p/sub perpendicular/, independently of x, reaching P/sub ..lambda../ = 0.28 +- 0.08 at 1.5 GeV/c. (AIP)