cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shades of Joy: Patterns of Appraisal Differentiating Pleasant Emotions

Abstract Pleasant experience appears to be less emotionally differentiated than unpleasant experience. For instance, theories of emotion typically posit the existence of six or seven unpleasant emotions but often posit only one or two pleasant emotions. The present study is an attempt to systematically examine the differentiation of pleasant emotional experience. Subjects were asked to recall pleasant experiences that were associated with particular situational appraisals—appraisals of effort, agency, and certainty were systematically manipulated—and to describe their appraisals and emotions during these experiences. The results indicated that positive emotions, and their associated appraisals, are somewhat less differentiated than negative emotions, but nonetheless provided evidence of considerable differentiation among six pleasantly toned emotions (interest, hope/confidence, challenge, tranquillity, playfulness, and love). Each of these latter emotions was experienced differentially across the appraisa...
Hairdressers as caregivers II: Relationships between helper characteristics and helping behaviors and feelings

The study, based on in-depth structured interviews with 90 hairdressers, had three main purposes: 1) to identify clusters of personal problems that customers bring to the beauty shop, handling strategies hairdressers use to address those problems and their feelings in so doing; 2) to relate those clusters to hairdressers' personal and work-characteristics and to their attitudes toward interpersonal help-giving; and 3) to illustrate the differential helpgiving patterns of hairdressers with different demographic or attitudinal qualities.
S cone contributions to the magnocellular visual pathway in macaque monkey.

The magnocellular visual pathway is believed to receive input from long (L) and middle (M), but not short (S), wavelength-sensitive cones. Recording from neurons in magnocellular layers of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in macaque monkeys, we found that magnocellular neurons were unequivocally responsive to S cone-isolating stimuli. A quantitative analysis suggests that S cones provided about 10% of the input to these cells, on average, while L:M ratios were far more variable. S cone signals influenced responses with the same sign as L and M cone inputs (i.e., no color opponency). Magnocellular afferent recordings following inactivation of primary visual cortex demonstrated that S cone signals were feedforward in nature and did not arise from cortical feedback to LGN
WE‐C‐108‐05: A Hardware Accelerator Based Fast Monte Carlo Code for Radiation Dosimetry: Software Design and Preliminary Results

Purpose: Monte Carlo (MC) simulation provides the most accurate results for CT dose calculations. Yet it is a time‐consuming task which often takes long time to run on CPUs. Using the recently developed hardware accelerators such as Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor, one can run the MC simulations in massively parallel and reduce the simulation time significantly. In this work we present our effort of developing a new MC suite, Accelerated Radiation‐transport Computations in Heterogeneous EnviRonments (ARCHER), which utilizes NVIDIA GPUs and other accelerators. Methods: We first developed the radiation transport MC codes in C, and then adapted the code to ARCHERGPU and ARCHERMIC which are specific for NVIDIA GPU and Intel MIC architecture, respectively. Currently the code is capable of calculating the dose for CT X‐ray scan and electron radiotherapy. Our code also incorporated a whole CT scanner model and various computational human phantoms. Results: We tested our GPU‐based MC code on NVIDIA Tesla M2090 GPUs and compared its performance with other MC codes running on an Intel Xeon X5650 CPU. Two tests were carried out: 1) For a whole body helical CT scan with RPI‐Adult male obese phantom and 9e8 incoming photons, the ARCHER_GPU code and ARCHER_MIC code are 1200 and 561 times faster, respectively, than MCNPX running on the CPU. 2) For a simple water‐aluminum‐water phantom and 20MeV electron source, the ARCHER_GPU code takes 186 sec to simulate 6e6 electrons, and it is about 1000 times faster than MCNPX running on the CPU. Conclusion: Our preliminary results showed the efficiency of using different hardware accelerators to speed up MC radiation transport simulations for medical dosimetry. On‐going work includes further optimization of the code and implementation of more complex physics models.
Electrostriction: Nonlinear electromechanical coupling in solid dielectrics

Electrostriction is the basis of electromechanical coupling in all insulators. The quadratic electrostrictive strain xij associated with induced polarization components Pk and Pl is given by xij = QijklPkPl. Two converse electrostrictive effects may also be defined. In this paper, some trends in structure−property relationships that govern electrostriction are identified, along with the problems that limit our understanding of this fundamental electromechanical property. Electrostrictive coefficients range from the ∼10-3 m4/C2 in relaxor ferroelectrics to ∼103 m4/C2 in some polymers. High-sensitivity techniques, such as interferometry or compressometry, are necessary to accurately measure electrostrictive effects in most insulators. But even in low-K dielectrics, electrostrictive stresses may initiate breakdown in high-field environments such as microelectronic components with small dimensions, high-voltage insulators, or in high-power lasers. In polymeric materials, charge injection mechanisms may produc...
Physician exposure to ionizing radiation during trauma resuscitation: A prospective clinical study

A prospective study of emergency physician whole body and extremity exposure to ionizing radiation during trauma resuscitation over a three-month period was conducted. Radiation film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeter finger rings were permanently attached to leaded aprons worn by emergency medicine residents during all trauma resuscitations. One set of apron and finger ring dosimeters was designated for the resident who managed the airway and stabilized the neck, when necessary, during cervical spine radiography (A-CS resident). A separate set of dosimeters was designated for the resident supervising the resuscitation. During the study period, 150 major trauma patients requiring 481 radiographic studies were treated. The mean monthly cumulative whole body exposures were 136.7 ± 85.0 and 103.3 ± 60.3 mrem for A-CS and supervising residents, respectively. The mean weekly cumulative extremity exposures were 523.3 ± 611.0 and 46.7 ± 18.6 mrem for A-CS and supervising residents, respectively. Calculated whole body exposures per patient were 2.7 mrem for the A-CS resident and 2.1 mrem for the supervising resident. Calculated extremity exposures per patient were 41.9 ± 48.9 and 3.7 ± 1.5 mrem, respectively. To exceed the annual whole body exposure limit established by the National Council of Radiologic Protection, the A-CS resident, working 200 shifts per year, would have to treat 9.2 trauma patients per shift. To exceed the annual extremity exposure limit, the A-CS resident would have to treat 5.9 trauma patients per shift. Of note, European exposure limits are 10% of current US limits. We conclude that significant exposures may occur to physicians working in trauma centers and that the use of shielding devices is indicated.
Pharmacodynamics provide critical insight in drug development

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, INTERVENTIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC TRIALS The rational design of novel therapeutic molecules that interact with a well-defined molecular target relies on both specificity and selectivity to achieve a positive therapeutic advantage. Validation of the kinetics of this interaction
On mean curvature diffusion in nonlinear image filtering

Mean curvature diffusion is shown to be a position vector diffusion, tending to scalar diffusion as a flat image region is approached, and providing noise removal by steepest descent surface minimization. At edges, it switches to a nondiffusion state due to two factors: the Laplacian of position vanishes and the magnitude of the surface normal attains a local maximum.
QuantiFERON-TB gold assay for tuberculosis infection

Abstract Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections can be difficult to diagnose, and diagnosis has formerly relied primarily on the tuberculin skin test (TST), an in vivo assay with inherent limitations. Recently, in vitro gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays have been developed that measure IFN-γ after stimulation with tuberculosis (TB) antigens such as PPD, CFP-10, and ESAT-6. The QuantiFERON-TB GOLD test (QFT-G) was the first such assay to garner U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearance. Potential uses of the QFT-G include screening for latent TB, testing for active TB infection, and confirmation of a positive or intermediate PPD test. The advantages of QFT-G over the TST include potentially easier follow-up and more objective test administration and measurement; however, multiple clinical studies have shown that the QFT-G has its own limitations, such as indeterminate results in immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV and chemotherapy patients), sensitivity and specificity concerns, and the requisite infrastructure to collect and analyze specimens. Implementation of "in tube" QFT-G and T-SPOT TB assays may offer further promise over the QFT-G.
Dispersal Pattern and Dispersion of Adult and Nymph Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Wheat and Corn

Euschistus servus (Say) can develop a generation on wheat, Triticum aestivum L., before moving to corn, Zea mays L., where it can be a pest. Because effective management methods are unknown, this study sought to describe the spatial distribution and dispersal of E. servus in the wheat and corn interface. In addition, Oebalus pugnax (F.) densities were documented in both crops. Wheat fields adjacent to the corn were sampled before harvest and stink bugs were marked using a product containing egg whites. Dispersal into the adjacent corn was measured using grid sampling, and dispersion was measured over time using an immunoassay targeting egg albumin on E. servus collected in corn. Dispersion was measured using Anselin Local Moran's I for unmarked stink bugs only. O. pugnax was prominent in wheat but was rarely recovered from corn. In contrast, E. servus was common in wheat during both years and dispersed into the adjacent corn. E. servus nymph and adult densities increased quadratically over time in corn in 2011. In contrast, E. servus nymph densities decreased over time in corn in 2012, while adult densities remained static. Most aggregations of E. servus nymphs and adults were located on the edge of the corn, directly adjacent to the harvested wheat. This is likely the first study to directly document the movement of E. servus nymphs to the adjacent crop. Movement from wheat to corn was not consistent between the years and may have been influenced by factors such as variations in weather, timing of wheat harvest, or other available alternative hosts.
CISPLATIN, METHOTREXATE AND BLEOMYCIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS: A SOUTHWEST ONCOLOGY GROUP STUDY

AbstractPurpose: We ascertained whether combined cisplatin, methotrexate and bleomycin have efficacy for treating locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the penis, and evaluate the toxicity resulting from this regimen.Materials and Methods: Patients had biopsy proved locally advanced or metastatic epidermoid carcinoma of the penis. Chemotherapy consisted of 75 mg./m.2 cisplatin infused intravenously on day 1, 25 mg./m.2 intravenous bolus of methotrexate on days 1 and 8, and 10 unit per m.2 intravenous bolus of bleomycin on days 1 and 8 with a cycle length of 21 days. Our study was performed as a standard phase II evaluation with 2 stages of accrual.Results: Enrolled in this study were 45 patients, including 40 who were evaluable for a response. There were 5 complete and 8 partial responses for a 32.5% response rate. Five treatment related deaths occurred and 6 of the 36 remaining patients evaluable for toxicity had 1 or more life threatening toxic episodes.Conclusions: A regimen of cisplatin, methotr...
4×12 Gb/s 0.96 pJ/b/lane analog-IIR crosstalk cancellation and signal reutilization receiver for single-ended I/Os in 65 nm CMOS

A crosstalk cancellation and signal reutilization (XTCR) algorithm implemented with analog-IIR networks dramatically improves signal integrity across 4 closely-spaced single-ended PCB traces. The prototype XTCR design implemented in 65 nm CMOS improves the measured average horizontal and vertical-eye openings of the 4 channels by 37.5% and 26.4% at 10−8 BER, while consuming only 0.96 pJ/b/lane.
Quantitative production of compound I from a cytochrome P450 enzyme at low temperatures. Kinetics, activation parameters, and kinetic isotope effects for oxidation of benzyl alcohol.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are commonly thought to oxidize substrates via an iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin radical cation transient termed Compound I, but kinetic studies of P450 Compounds I are essentially nonexistent. We report production of Compound I from cytochrome P450 119 (CYP119) in high conversion from the corresponding Compound II species at low temperatures in buffer mixtures containing 50% glycerol by photolysis with 365 nm light from a pulsed lamp. Compound I was studied as a reagent in oxidations of benzyl alcohol and its benzylic mono- and dideuterio isotopomers. Pseudo-first-order rate constants obtained at −50 °C with concentrations of substrates between 1.0 and 6.0 mM displayed saturation kinetics that gave binding constants for the substrate in the Compound I species (Kbind) and first-order rate constants for the oxidation reactions (kox). Representative results are Kbind = 214 M−1 and kox = 0.48 s−1 for oxidation of benzyl alcohol. For the dideuterated substrate C6H5CD2OH, kinetics were studied ...
Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Review of Etiology, Population, Anatomy, Risk Factors, and Injury Prevention

Sports participation has undergone an increase in recent decades. Injury due to sporting activity has also recently risen. The Achilles tendon has been one of the most common sports-related injuries. A 2 in 100,000 individual Achilles tendon injury rate increased to a 12 in 100,000 individual injury rate in less than 10 years. The injury is typically observed in men in the fourth to fifth decades of life. Male to female injury ratios range from 2:1 to 12:1. Running, jumping, and agility activities involving eccentric loading and explosive plyometric contractions are usual mechanisms. Natural aging allows predisposing chronic degeneration of the tendon. Blood flow decreases and stiffness increases with aging to decrease the ability to withstand stress. Noninflammatory tendinosis and chronic tendinopathy are 2 separate processes proposed for tendon degeneration and subsequent rupture. Rupture typically occurs 2 to 6 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion. Predisposing factors are grouped into 2 categories: intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Avoidance of degenerative changes within the tendon is the primary method to prevent rupture. Regular physical activity as athletes age also promotes tendon hypertrophy, increases nutrient delivery, and reduces collagen fiber fatigue.
Mobility-assisted Distributed Sensor Clustering for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks

Clustering proves to be an effective approach to reduce energy consumption of micro-sensors and prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we address the sensor clustering problem in the design of an autonomous MANET (aMANET) for energy-efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks. In the aMANET context, we formulate the network energy optimization as a weighted K-means clustering problem, and present a distributed technique called MADSEC (Mobility-Assisted Distributed SEnsor Clustering) for sensor clustering and data collection. MADSEC allows the mobile nodes to dynamically run a distributed clustering algorithm to reposition themselves and organize energy-efficient sensor clusters. Extensive NS-2 simulation results indicate that the proposed distributed clustering strategy is as effective as a theoretical centralized K-means clustering technique. Furthermore, MADSEC can at least double the network lifetime of LEACH, a well-known static clustering method.
Screening for Social Fears and Social Anxiety Disorder in Psychiatric Outpatients

The ability of a diagnostic interview to identify all individuals with a particular psychiatric disorder depends, in part, on the performance of the interview's initial screening questions. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (SCID) is the most widely used research diagnostic interview, yet little research has examined the performance of the SCID screening questions. Because social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders, we examined the performance of the SCID screening question in the SAD module to detect social fears and SAD. The incremental validity of a more comprehensive list of social fears was examined by determining how many patients were diagnosed with SAD in those who were originally missed by the SCID screening question. Five percent of those originally missed by the SCID screening question subsequently received a lifetime diagnosis of SAD, and there was a significant increase in the prevalence of social fears after patients were cued by the social fears list. The most commonly reported fears missed by the SCID screening question included speaking in a group, with sexually attractive others, and with authority figures. Results suggest that perhaps these fears could be added to the SCID screening question to capture individuals missed by the SCID screening question and to provide more comprehensive information for treatment purposes.
Sequencing of the intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer (ITS) region of Mollicutes species and their identification using microarray-based assay and DNA sequencing

We have completed sequencing the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of most known Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, Ureaplasma, Mesoplasma, and Spiroplasma species. Analysis of the sequence data revealed a significant interspecies variability and low intraspecies polymorphism of the ITS region among Mollicutes. This finding enabled the application of a combined polymerase chain reaction–microarray technology for identifying Mollicutes species. The microarray included individual species-specific oligonucleotide probes for characterizing humanMollicutes species and other species known to be common cell line contaminants. Evaluation of the microarray was conducted using multiple, previously characterized, Mollicutes species. The microarray analysis of the samples used demonstrated a highly specific assay, which is capable of rapid and accurate discrimination among Mollicutes species.
Taking control of the public sphere by manipulating civil society: the citizen revolution in Ecuador

By taking advantage of the core discourses of the main social movements, Rafael Correa Delgado was elected president of Ecuador in 2006. Promising a ‘citizen revolution’, the President designed and engaged heavy institutional machinery that disciplined the civil society and other elements of the embryonic Ecuadorian public sphere. Paradoxically, he did so under the pretext of establishing a participatory democracy. This paper examines the processes and mechanisms of governmental control over civil society, the strongest element of the Ecuadorian public sphere, and their consequences for social movements. Resumen: Controlando la esfera publica a traves de la manipulacion de la sociedad civil: El Caso de la Revolucion Ciudadana en el Ecuador. Aprovechandose de los discursos centrales de los principales movimientos sociales, Rafael Correa Delgado fue elegido presidente en el 2006. Prometiendo una ‘revolucion ciudadana’, el diseno y establecio una pesada maquinaria institucional que disciplino la sociedad civil y otros elementos de la embrionaria esfera publica Ecuatoriana. Paradojicamente Correa consiguio este objetivo bajo el pretexto de establecer un modelo de democracia participativa. Este articulo examina los procesos y mecanismos de control gubernamental sobre la sociedad civil, el elemento mas fuerte de la esfera publica ecuatoriana, y sus consecuencias para los movimientos sociales.
Diverse and atypical genotypes identified in Toxoplasma gondii from dogs in São Paulo, Brazil

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in 118 unwanted dogs from Sao Paulo City, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 42 (35.8%) dogs, with titers of 1:20 in 10, 1:40 in 6, 1:80 in 5, 1:160 in 5, 1:320 in 6, 1:640 in 7, and 1:1,280 or higher in 3. Hearts and brains of 36 seropositive dogs were bioassayed in mice, or cats, or both. Tissues from 20 seropositive dogs were fed to 20 T. gondii–free cats. Feces of cats were examined for oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 15 dogs by a bioassay in mice, from the brain alone of 1, from the heart alone of 4, and from both brains and hearts of 10. All infected mice from 5 of 15 isolates died of toxoplasmosis during primary infection. Four additional isolates were obtained by bioassay in cats. Genotyping of these 19 T. gondii isolates using polymorphisms at 10 nuclear markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and a new SAG2 (an apicoplast mar...
In situ investigation on selenization kinetics of Cu-In precursor using time-resolved, high temperature X-ray diffraction

Abstract In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the reaction mechanism and kinetics of α-CuInSe2 formation from Cu–In precursors during selenization. The precursor films were deposited in a migration-enhanced molecular beam epitaxial reactor on Mo-coated thin glass substrates. During the selenization, the formation of CuSe was observed, followed by its transformation to CuSe2 at higher temperature. The formation of α-CuInSe2 was initiated at a temperature between 250 and 300 °C. Additionally, the production of MoSe2 was clearly detected at temperatures above 440 °C. The reaction kinetics were analyzed using both the Avrami and parabolic rate models to estimate diffusion-limited activation energies of 124 (±19) and 100 (±14) kJ/mol, respectively.
Internationalization of Family Businesses: Evidence from Northwest Ohio, U.S.A:

This study determines the extent of internationalization (i.e., global business attitudes and activities) of family businesses. A survey of 187 family businesses from northwest Ohio finds that family businesses do not regularly monitor the international marketplace or integrate global developments into domestic decisions. Although a small pool of businesses currently has ties with family businesses in foreign countries, many more would like to develop such ties. The study finds that if a family business does not get involved in foreign markets in the first and second generations, it is unlikely to do so in later generations. The majority of family businesses does not develop sources in foreign countries. The family businesses that do source from overseas markets do so mostly for cost and quality benefits. Approximately half of family businesses sold their products in foreign markets primarily via exporting and joint ventures.
Regionally selective manifestations of neostriatal aging

Presynaptic and postsynaptic markers of the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems have characteristic topographical distributions within the striatum. Aside from the dopaminergic afferents, several other afferent systems exhibit a heterogeneous distribution in the striatum. The net result is that each part of the striatum receives a specific and unique combination of afferents. Moreover, the intrinsic striatal systems also have unique distributions, so each part of the striatum consists of a unique combination of afferent and intrinsic neurotransmitter systems. In view of these points, one may expect that the striatum is functionally very complex, integrating information from a wide variety of brain areas. One may also assume from these facts that the striatum is a functionally heterogeneous structure. Consistent with that conclusion, behavioral and pharmacological studies show that interruption of neurotransmission in localized regions of the striatum produces very specific behavioral and physiological effects. Age-related neurochemical changes are also confined to specific striatal regions. Which regions are affected will depend on a variety of factors, including the neurochemical parameter studied and the species or strain of animal. However, we still do not know what factors make a particular striatal area vulnerable to the effects of aging or disease. Moreover, a question that remains to be answered is whether the regions that are affected by neurodegenerative diseases are the same ones affected during normal aging. If so, then this may provide a clue as to why neurodegenerative diseases of the basal ganglia increase in frequency with advancing age. Nevertheless, discrete regional neurochemical alterations may underlie specific symptoms of these diseases. Further study of this relationship may provide the basis for treatments that better target the source of the symptoms. Not only would this increase the effectiveness of the treatment, it would help reduce potential side effects. This may be particularly important, for example, with respect to the use of tissue explants in the treatment of diseases of the basal ganglia.
Substance use outcomes 5½ years past baseline for partnership-based, family-school preventive interventions

This article reports adolescent substance use outcomes of universal family and school preventive interventions 5(1/2) years past baseline. Participants were 1677 7th grade students from schools (N=36) randomly assigned to the school-based Life Skills Training plus the Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10-14 (LST+SFP 10-14), LST-alone, or a control condition. Self-reports were collected at baseline, 6 months later following the interventions, then yearly through the 12th grade. Measures included initiation-alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and drunkenness, along with a Substance Initiation Index (SII)-and measures of more serious use-frequency of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, drunkenness frequency, monthly poly-substance use, and advanced poly-substance use. Analyses ruled out differential attrition. For all substance initiation outcomes, one or both intervention groups showed significant, positive point-in-time differences at 12th grade and/or significant growth trajectory outcomes when compared with the control group. Although no main effects for the more serious substance use outcomes were observed, a higher-risk subsample demonstrated significant, positive 12th grade point-in-time and/or growth trajectory outcomes for one or both intervention groups on all measures. The observed pattern of results likely reflects a combination of predispositions of the higher-risk subsample, the timing of the interventions, and baseline differences between experimental conditions favoring the control group.
Suppression of narrowband jammers in a DS spread spectrum receiver using modified adaptive filtering technique

Least mean squared (LMS) adaptive filtering techniques have been developed to suppress narrowband jammers in a direct-sequence (DS) spread-spectrum receiver. The authors discuss the modified LMS algorithm for transversal filter structure and lattice filter structures. Bit-error-rate (BER) results obtained by computer simulations are presented, which indicate the value of these algorithms in the jammer suppression application. Curves are presented which show the convergence properties of the algorithms. >
Turbulence model predictions of the radial jet — A comparison of κ‐ϵ models

The (κ-ϵ) turbulence closure model has become a widely used means of predicting turbulent fluid flows. In this paper the turbulent radial jet, the round jet and the plane jet are calculated in their similarity regions using various versions of the (κ-ϵ) model to determine which is the most satisfactory for both plane and axisymmetric flows. The most general predictions were obtained using a model which contained additional terms to account for the effect of irrotational strains on the production of turbulence energy. Additionally, detailed mean velocity profiles and turbulence kinetic energy profiles of the radial jet are compared to the available experimental data. Le modele de turbulence de fermeture est devenu un moyen couramment employe pour predire les ecoulements turbulents de fluides. Dans le present travail, on calcule le jet radial turbulent, le jet rond et le jet plan, dans leurs regions de similitudes, en employant diverses variantes du modele (κ-ϵ) afin de determiner laquelle s'applique le mieux aux ecoulements plan et a symetrie axiale. On a obtenu les predictions les plus generales en employant un modele comportant des termes additionnels tenant compte de contraintes irrotationnelles sur la production de l'energie de turbulence. On a compare, en outre, les profils detailles de vitesse moyenne et les profils d'energie cinetique de turbulence du jet radial avec les resultats experimentaux disponibles.
Auditors' Reactions to Inconsistencies between Financial and Nonfinancial Measures

Nonfinancial measures (NFMs), such as employee headcount and production space, are operational measures that are not included on the face of the financial statements but are often disclosed elsewhere in the annual report or 10-K (e.g., in Management’s Discussion and Analysis). Professional standards, auditing texts, and prior research suggest that external auditors can use NFMs to verify their clients’ reported financial information and, in turn, improve audit quality. In an initial experiment where auditors were asked to develop an expectation for a client’s sales balance, they generally failed to identify a seeded inconsistency between the client’s sales and related NFMs. In a second experiment, we find that auditors are more likely to react to the inconsistency (i.e., rely more on inconsistent NFMs / develop expectations that reflect the client’s current year decline in NFMs) when they are specifically prompted to consider the implications of NFMs and fraud risk is high (vs. low). Our results suggest that (1) a minority of auditors use NFMs as a source of information for testing and do not increase their reliance on NFMs when the NFMs point to a fraud red flag; (2) the presence of high fraud risk alone is insufficient to increase auditor consideration of inconsistent NFMs; (3) auditors are able to react appropriately to an inconsistency if they are effectively prompted; and (4) even a prompt that explicitly highlights an inconsistency is unlikely to improve auditor performance unless the prompt is processed in a high fraud risk setting.
Divine Justice: The Relationship Between Images of God and Attitudes Toward Criminal Punishment:

Some have argued that moralistic considerations trump other factors in determining attitudes toward criminal punishment. Consequently, recent research has examined how views of God influence sentiments regarding criminal punishment. Using the Baylor Religion Survey (BRS) 2005, we find that (a) angry and judgmental images of God are significant predictors of punitive attitudes regarding criminal punishment and the death penalty and (b) images of God as loving and engaged in the world are not consistently significant predictors of attitudes toward criminal punishment, once measures of God’s perceived anger and judgment are considered.
Deriving Features of Reacting Hypersonic Flow from Gradients at a Curved Shock

The shock jump relations for gradients of flow variables are presented in the case of a uniform steady freestream with a curved shock that may trigger an endothermic or exothermic chemical reaction. The rich information that can be obtained from these is used in order to derive field information for flow variables as well as details about the sonic line. This presentation collects, reviews, and extends work that has been published previously in various places. Comparisons with experiment and with numerical computation are given in some cases. The gradient-jump relations are likely to be useful for higher-order numerical schemes that use shock fitting.
Vocabulary elaboration in teachers' speech to L2 learners

Subject-matter lessons taught to English as a second language learners in several school levels were transcribed and analyzed. Characteristics of the teachers' speech when elaborating vocabulary were isolated and described, with a view to determining which characteristics would be helpful and which harmful to the students' comprehension and acquisition of vocabulary. It is seen that a major problem for the student may lie in the teacher's overelab-oration of vocabulary meanings through increased redundancy; the non-native listener may find it difficult to decode the exact message, because he cannot discern whether the same information has been provided redundantly or whether new information has been supplied.
On the distinction between creation and conservation: a partial defence of continuous creation

The traditional view of divine conservation holds that it is simply a continuation of the initial act of creation. In this essay, I defend the continuous-creation tradition against William Lane Craig's criticism that continuous creation fundamentally misconstrues the intuitive distinction between creation and conservation. According to Craig, creation is the unique causal activity of bringing new patient entities into existence, while conservation involves acting upon already existing patient entities to cause their continued existence. I defend continuous creation by challenging Craig's intuitive distinction and by showing that the alternative account of creation and conservation he bases upon it is fraught with serious internal difficulties.
Using parasitic trematode larvae to quantify an elusive vertebrate host.

Digenean trematode parasites require multiple host species to complete their life cycles, and their abundance can often be strongly correlated with the abundance of their host species. Species richness and abundance of parasites in easily sampled host species may yield an accurate estimate of the species richness and abundance of other hosts in a parasite's life cycle that are difficult to survey directly. Accordingly, we investigated whether prevalence and mean abundance of trematodes could be used to estimate the abundance of one of their host species, diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin), which are difficult to sample and are designated as near threatened (by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Red List)) along some U.S. coasts. As an adult the trematode Pleurogonius malaclemys is specific to terrapins. Its larval stages live first inside mud snails (Ilyanassa obsoleta) and are subsequently shed into the environment where they form external metacercarial cysts on hard surfaces such as snail opercula. The life cycle of P. malaclemys is completed when terrapins ingest these cysts. At 12 sites along the coast of Georgia (U.S.A.), we determined the prevalence of internal P. malaclemys larvae in mud snails (proportion of infected snails in a population) and the prevalence and mean abundance of external trematode cysts. We examined whether these data were correlated with terrapin abundance, which we estimated with mark-recapture methods. The abundance of external cysts and salinity explained ≥59% of the variability in terrapin abundance. We suggest that dependent linkages between the life stages of multihost parasites make them reliable predictors of host species' abundance, including hosts with abundances that are challenging to quantify directly.
An Adjacent Switching Activity Metric under Functional Broadside Tests

The local switching activity of scan-based tests is important due to the possibility that scan-based tests will result in excessive power dissipation in certain subcircuits even when the total power dissipation is acceptable. This paper focuses on the local switching activity during the fast functional capture cycles of functional broadside tests. This switching activity is guaranteed not to exceed the switching activity possible during functional operation. Therefore, with functional broadside tests it is possible to maximize the switching activity without causing excessive power dissipation. This is important for test quality since, in general, higher switching activity allows more delay defects to be detected. In addition, it allows smaller test sets to be obtained for delay faults. The paper defines a switching activity metric called the adjacent switching activity that captures the switching activity around the sites of detected transition faults, where additional switching activity is most likely to contribute to test quality. It compares the cases where the adjacent and the total switching activity of functional broadside tests for transition faults are maximized. The results demonstrate that the two objectives result in significantly different test sets. Moreover, better quality test sets are obtained by maximizing the adjacent switching activity.
A game-theoretic approach for binding in behavioral synthesis

In this paper, we describe a new algorithm based on game theory for minimizing the average power of a circuit during binding in behavioral synthesis. The problem is formulated as an auction based non-cooperative finite game for which a solution is proposed based on the Nash equilibrium. For the binding algorithm, each functional unit in the datapath is modeled as a player bidding for executing an operation with the estimated power consumption as the bid. The operations are bound to the modules such that the total power consumption is minimized. Further, the techniques of functional unit sharing, path balancing and register assignment are incorporated within the binding algorithm for power reduction. The proposed algorithm yields power reduction without any increase in area or delay overhead. Experimental results indicate that the proposed game theoretic solution for binding yields an improvement of 13.9% over the linear programming (LP) method.
Challenges in disaster data collection during recent disasters

Gathering essential health data to provide rapid and effective medical relief to populations devastated by the effects of a disaster-producing event involves challenges. These challenges include response to environmental hazards, security of personnel and resources, political and economic issues, cultural barriers, and difficulties in communication, particularly between aid agencies. These barriers often impede the timely collection of key health data such as morbidity and mortality, rapid health and sheltering needs assessments, key infrastructure assessments, and nutritional needs assessments. Examples of these challenges following three recent events: (1) the Indian Ocean tsunami; (2) Hurricane Katrina; and (3) the 2010 earthquake in Haiti are reviewed. Some of the innovative and cutting-edge approaches for surmounting many of these challenges include: (1) the establishment of geographical information systems (GIS) mapping disaster databases; (2) establishing internet surveillance networks and data repositories; (3) utilization of personal digital assistant-based platforms for data collection; (4) involving key community stakeholders in the data collection process; (5) use of pre-established, local, collaborative networks to coordinate disaster efforts; and (6) exploring potential civil-military collaborative efforts. The application of these and other innovative techniques shows promise for surmounting formidable challenges to disaster data collection.
Comparison of priority partition methods for VBR MPEG

Successful exploitation of prioritized ATM networks requires matching the characteristics of the coded source with the unique properties of the network. This is particularly true for video which is very bandwidth intensive. The authors describe and investigate the performance of three prioritization schemes in terms of the traffic characteristics, SNR, and visual quality. These schemes are further designed such that the high priority data stream is MPEG-I compliant and only a single pass through the encoder is required. A technique for choosing parameter values which achieve a specified high priority traffic bandwidth is presented for two of these schemes. The technique is demonstrated to be remarkably accurate for different video sequences. >
PROGRESS IN CELL GRAFTING THERAPY FOR TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), exemplified by complex partial seizures, is recognized in ~30% of epileptic patients. Seizures in TLE are associated with cognitive dysfunction and are resistant to antiepileptic drug therapy in ~35% of patients. Although surgical resection of the hippocampus bestows improved seizure regulation in most cases of intractable TLE, this choice can cause lasting cognitive deficiency and reliance on antiepileptic drugs. Thus, alternative therapies that are proficient in both containing the spontaneous recurrent seizures and reversing the cognitive dysfunction are needed. The cell transplantation approach is promising in serving as an adept alternate therapy for TLE, because this strategy has shown the capability to curtail epileptogenesis when used soon after an initial precipitating brain injury, and to restrain spontaneous recurrent seizures and improve cognitive function when utilized after the occurrence of TLE. Nonetheless, this treatment needs further advancement and rigorous evaluation in animal prototypes of chronic TLE before the conceivable clinical use. It is especially vital to gauge the efficacy of distinct donor cell types, such as the hippocampal precursor cells, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic progenitors, and neural stem cells derived from diverse human sources (including the embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) for longstanding seizure suppression using continuous electroencephalographic recordings for prolonged periods. Additionally, the identification of the mechanisms underlying the graft-mediated seizure suppression and improved cognitive function, and the development of apt grafting strategies that enhance the anti-seizure and pro-cognitive effects of grafts will be necessary. The goal of this review is to evaluate the progress made hitherto in this area and to discuss the prospect for cell-based therapy for TLE.
Allograft Reconstruction for Glenoid Bone Loss in Glenohumeral Instability: A Systematic Review

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes after osteochondral allograft reconstruction for glenoid bone loss. Methods Glenoid bone loss can occur in the setting of recurrent glenohumeral instability and poses a challenge for surgeons. Reconstruction of these defects with allografts has been proposed as an alternative to both arthroscopic stabilization and nonanatomic bony augmentation procedures with autografts. We conducted a systematic review of the literature for studies of any level of evidence that reported clinical or radiological outcomes (or both) after allograft reconstruction for glenoid deficiency in the setting of recurrent shoulder instability. Data collected included study and patient characteristics, surgical technique, outcome scores, range of motion, strength, subjective outcomes, radiological outcomes, and complications. Data from studies with a sample size of at least 5 were pooled in the main analysis. Studies were assessed for the presence of methodological bias. Results Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Three studies were deemed eligible for pooled analysis. The study group consisted of 70 shoulders with a mean age of 27.7 years (74.6% of participants were men) and a mean follow-up period of 44.5 ± 17.7 (range, 32 to 90) months. The mean final Rowe score was 90.6, representing a mean improvement of 57.5. Only 9.8% of patients complained of persistent or unimproved pain, and 93.4% were satisfied. Bony integration of the allograft was documented in 100% of shoulders. Recurrence of glenohumeral dislocation and overall instability were seen in 2.9% and 7.1% of cases, respectively. Conclusions The current body of Level IV data suggests that allograft reconstruction for glenoid bone loss provides excellent clinical outcomes, low rates of recurrent instability, and high osseous incorporation rates with no evidence of graft resorption. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
Calculation of radiated electromagnetic power from bulk acoustic wave resonators

A general technique for calculating the radiated electromagnetic fields from an electrically small bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator in the vicinity of acoustic resonance is presented. The BAW resonator is analyzed as an electrically small microstrip antenna on a piezoelectric substrate. By the application of the surface equivalence principle, the device is replaced by equivalent sources. The radiated far fields found from the equivalent sources are integrated over the upper half plane to determine the total amount of radiated electromagnetic (EM) power as a function of frequency. The result is general enough to characterize the EM radiation from arbitrarily shaped metallizations, and the antenna pattern and polarization of the radiation may also be determined. The theoretical results are experimentally confirmed by measuring the radiated EM power spectrum from lithium niobate and quartz resonators. >
Enterococcus faecalis phosphomevalonate kinase

The six enzymes of the mevalonate pathway of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis represent potential for addressing a pressing human health concern, the development of antibiotics against resistant strains of the Gram-positive streptococci. We previously characterized the first four of the mevalonate pathway enzymes of Enterococcus faecalis, and here characterize the fifth, phosphomevalonate kinase (E.C. 2.7.4.2). E. faecalis genomic DNA and the polymerase chain reaction were used to clone DNA thought to encode phosphomevalonate kinase into pET28b(+). Double-stranded DNA sequencing verified the sequence of the recombinant gene. The encoded N-terminal hexahistidine-tagged protein was expressed in Escherichia coli with induction by isopropylthiogalactoside and purified by Ni++ affinity chromatography, yield 20 mg protein per liter. Analysis of the purified protein by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry established it as E. faecalis phosphomevalonate kinase. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that the kinase exists in solution primarily as a dimer. Assay for phosphomevalonate kinase activity used pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase to couple the formation of ADP to the oxidation of NADH. Optimal activity occurred at pH 8.0 and at 37°C. The activation energy was ~5.6 kcal/mol. Activity with Mn++, the preferred cation, was optimal at about 4 mM. Relative rates using different phosphoryl donors were 100 (ATP), 3.6 (GTP), 1.6 (TTP), and 0.4 (CTP). Km values were 0.17 mM for ATP and 0.19 mM for (R,S)-5-phosphomevalonate. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 3.9 μmol substrate converted per minute per milligram protein. Applications to an immobilized enzyme bioreactor and to drug screening and design are discussed.
A GENERALIZATION OF THE LOOMAN-MENCHOFF THEOREM

In this paper we give a generalization of the classical Looman-Menchoff theorem:If f is a complex-valued continuous function of a complex variable in a domain G, f has partial derivatives f x and f y everywhere in G and the Cauchy Riemann equations f x +if y = 0are satisfied almost everywhere, then f is holomorphic in G. From our generalization of this theorem, we deduce a theroem of Sindalovskii [9] as a corollary and also answer some of the questions raised in [9]. We note in this context that, as far as we know, Sindalovskii’s result is the best published to date in this area.