cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The down-modulation of receptors for phorbol ester tumor promoter in primary epidermal cells

The specific (20-/sup 3/H)phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ((/sup 3/H)PDBu) binding to intact epidermal cells displayed the phenomenon of down-modulation, i.e., the specific binding of (/sup 3/H)PDBu to its receptors on primary epidermal cells reached a maximum within 1 h and steadily declined thereafter. The apparent down-modulation of radiolabel resulted from a partial loss in the total number of receptors; the affinity of receptors for the ligand was essentially unchanged. A number of agents such as chloroquine, methylamine, or arginine which are known to prevent clustering, down-modulation, and/or internalization of several hormone receptors did not affect the down-modulation of phorbol ester receptors. Furthermore, cycloheximide had no effect either on down-modulation or on the binding capacity of cells. The surface binding capacity of down-modulated cells following a 90-min incubation with unlabeled ligand was almost returned to normal within 1 h. The effect of the antidepressant drug chlorpromazine, which is known to interact with calmodulin, on (/sup 3/H)PDBu binding was also investigated. Our data indicate that the effect of chlorpromazine on (/sup 3/H)PDBu binding is probably unrelated to its calmodulin-binding activity.
The epistemology of thought experiments: A non-eliminativist, non-platonic account

Several major breakthroughs in the history of physics have been prompted not by new empirical data but by thought experiments. James Robert Brown and John Norton have developed accounts of how thought experiments can yield such advances. Brown argues that knowledge gained via thought experiments demands a Platonic explanation; thought experiments for Brown are a window into the Platonic realm of the laws of nature. Norton argues that thought experiments are just cleverly disguised inductive or deductive arguments, so no new account of their epistemology is needed. In this paper, I argue that although we do not need to invoke any Platonic insight to explain thought experimentation, Norton’s eliminativist account fails to capture the unique epistemological importance of thought experiments qua thought experiments. I then present my own account, according to which thought experiments are a particular type of inductive inference that is uniquely suited to generate new breakthroughs.
Specialty versus generalist care of children with appendicitis: an outcome comparison.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Some Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) limit access of their members to specialists to lower costs. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this policy affects the outcome of children with appendicitis. Methods: At a large academic medical center, children 17 years or younger with appendicitis were treated either by an HMO Adult General Surgical Service (group A) or a Pediatric Surgical Service (group B). Board certified pediatric surgeons were not available on the HMO surgical service. Anesthesia, surgical residents, nursing, and ancillary support services were identical in both groups. Study parameters included imaging tests performed, operation type, complications, readmissions, and length of stay. Results were analyzed using X 2 and Fischer's Exact tests. Results: One-hundred seventy-five consecutive children underwent appendectomy, 96 in group A and 79 in group B. In patients with simple acute appendicitis, there was no significant difference between group A and group B for complications, readmissions, second operation, or length of stay. In patients with gangrenous or perforated appendicitis there was a significant difference between group A and group B for type of operation (laparoscopic appendectomy, group A, 4 of 27 v group B, 0 of 34; P = .04); complications (group A, 9 of 27 v group B, 3 of 34; P = .025); readmissions (group A, 6 of 27 v group B, 0 of 34; P = .001); second operation (group A, 6 of 27 v group B, 2 of 34; P = .001); and mean total length of stay in days (group A, 8.6 of 27 v group B, 5.4 of 34; P = .05). Conclusions: Children with significantly perforated appendicitis have lower complication rates and shorter lengths of hospital stay when treated by pediatric surgeons as compared with HMO adult general surgeons. J Pediatr Surg 36:1510-1513. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Male circumcision and HIV infection: 10 years and counting

A decade has passed since publication of Cameron and colleagues’ prospective study that showed a greater than eight-fold increased risk of HIV-1 infection for uncircumcised men. Today many observers of the AIDS pandemic are puzzled by the glaring discrepancies in HIV seroprevalence between different countries and regions despite the presence of what seem to be similar risk factors. For example the November 1998 UNAIDS/ WHO Report on the AIDS Epidemic concludes “It is not fully understood why HIV infection rates take off in some countries while remaining stable in neighbouring countries over many years.” We argue that since Cameron and colleagues’ landmark study the epidemiological and biological evidence that links lack of circumcision with HIV transmission has become compelling and that lack of male circumcision is one of the main causes of many regional discrepancies in rates of HIV infection. Furthermore as increasing numbers of men in some traditionally non-circumcising communities seek safe affordable circumcisions to avoid AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) it is time for the international health community to add male-circumcision services to the current limited armamentarium of AIDS prevention measures in countries with a high prevalence of heterosexually transmitted HIV and STDs. (excerpt)
Photorefractive keratectomy for refractory laser in situ keratomileusis flap striae

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin-C (MMC) was performed in 2 patients with visually significant, complicated laser in situ keratomileusis flap striae. These striae had been resistant to multiple treatments, including stretching, suturing, and PRK. The visual symptoms in both patients resolved after PRK with MMC, and both patients were stable 1 year later. Wavefront-guided PRK with MMC may be a viable treatment for patients who have complicated flap striae resistant to standard measures.
TRICLUSTER: an effective algorithm for mining coherent clusters in 3D microarray data

In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm called TRICLUSTER, for mining coherent clusters in three-dimensional (3D) gene expression datasets. TRICLUSTER can mine arbitrarily positioned and overlapping clusters, and depending on different parameter values, it can mine different types of clusters, including those with constant or similar values along each dimension, as well as scaling and shifting expression patterns. TRICLUSTER relies on graph-based approach to mine all valid clusters. For each time slice, i.e., a gene×sample matrix, it constructs the range multigraph, a compact representation of all similar value ranges between any two sample columns. It then searches for constrained maximal cliques in this multigraph to yield the set of bi-clusters for this time slice. Then TRICLUSTER constructs another graph using the biclusters (as vertices) from each time slice; mining cliques from this graph yields the final set of triclusters. Optionally, TRICLUSTER merges/deletes some clusters having large overlaps. We present a useful set of metrics to evaluate the clustering quality, and we show that TRICLUSTER can find significant triclusters in the real microarray datasets.
FMR linewidth contributions in amorphous GdFe and GdCo films

Abstract Various contributions to the FMR linewidth in amorphous Gd 1- x Fe x and Gd 1- x Co x samples are examined. It was found that in addition to intrinsic spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation contributions, there are line broadening effects due to eddy current damping, extended and localized standing spin wave excitation, and sample inhomogeneity.
Experiments on individual droplet heat transfer rates

Abstract Experimental results for droplet heat transfer during splattering have been extended to smaller drop sizes than previously available through the use of an electrostatic drop generation device. Droplet diameters vary from 0.02 to 0.15 in. The range of physical properties is also extended with the use of Freon 11 and 113 and an excellent correlation of all previous and present data is obtained as Q max ρL d 3 λ = 18.50 × 10 −4 ( ρL V 2 d ρV f σg c ) 0.341
Examining an elaborated sociocultural model of disordered eating among college women: the roles of social comparison and body surveillance.

Social comparison (i.e., body, eating, exercise) and body surveillance were tested as mediators of the thin-ideal internalization-body dissatisfaction relationship in the context of an elaborated sociocultural model of disordered eating. Participants were 219 college women who completed two questionnaire sessions 3 months apart. The cross-sectional elaborated sociocultural model (i.e., including social comparison and body surveillance as mediators of the thin-ideal internalization-body dissatisfaction relation) provided a good fit to the data, and the total indirect effect from thin-ideal internalization to body dissatisfaction through the mediators was significant. Social comparison emerged as a significant specific mediator while body surveillance did not. The mediation model did not hold prospectively; however, social comparison accounted for unique variance in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating 3 months later. Results suggest that thin-ideal internalization may not be “automatically” associated with body dissatisfaction and that it may be especially important to target comparison in prevention and intervention efforts.
Ascospore Production by Byssochlamys fulva

SUMMARY —The effect of different variables on ascospore production was studied quantitatively. Maximal populations were obtained in 5% malt extract broth, pH 2-3, after an incubation of 7-14 days at 30°C. Tests on nine different fruit and vegetable juices showed that eight afforded good sporulation. Prune, grape and pineapple yielded the greatest numbers. Plating methods were found to underestimate the true ascospore populations because of spore dormancy and because a majority of the asci, each containing eight ascospores, remained intact.
Variation of the Infrared Solar Spectrum between 2800 and 5100 cm −1 with Altitude*

A prism spectrometer capable of scanning the region from 2800 to 5100 cm−1 was flown on a balloon in conjunction with a biaxial pointing control 17 January 1963. Spectra were obtained at various altitudes from the ground through 23 km. These data are presented in this report. The experimental results are compared with the spectra calculated using results given by Zachor. The total absorptances are also compared with theoretical values predicted using procedure suggested by Plass and the laboratory results of Howard, Burch, and Williams.
Ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of hot carbon dioxide

Abstract The temperature-dependent ultraviolet absorption cross-section for CO 2 has been measured in shock-heated gases between 1500 and 4500 K at 216.5, 244, 266, and 306 nm. Continuous-wave lasers provide the spectral brightness to enable precise time-resolved measurements with the microsecond time-response needed to monitor thermal decomposition of CO 2 at temperatures above 3000 K. The photophysics of the highly temperature dependent cross-section is discussed. The new data allows the extension of CO 2 absorption-based temperature sensing methods to higher temperatures, such as those found in behind detonation waves.
Self-Construals and Social Anxiety Among Asian American College Students: Testing Emotion Suppression as a Mediator

Although past studies have revealed ethnic and cultural variations in social anxiety, little research addresses why these variations might arise. The present study addressed this gap by examining emotion regulation as an explanatory mechanism that may account for such differences. Drawing from a culture-specific (Kitayama, Karasawa, & Mesquita, 2004), as well as process-based (Gross, 1998) model of emotion regulation, we hypothesized that emotion suppression would mediate associations between self-construals (interdependent and independent) and social anxiety symptoms. The data analytic sample consisted of 784 self-identified Asian American college students from 20 colleges/universities in the United States. Participants completed the study measures via a confidential, online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of both types of self-construal on social anxiety through emotion suppression. Specifically, an interdependent self-construal was associated with more (whereas an independent self-construal was associated with less) emotion suppression, which in turn, was associated with higher levels of social anxiety. Clinically, these findings suggest that an individual's emotion regulation strategy could serve as a proximal target of intervention among Asian American young adults.
Overlapping and Distinct Roles of PRR7 and PRR9 in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock

The core mechanism of the circadian oscillators described to date rely on transcriptional negative feedback loops with a delay between the negative and the positive components . In plants, the first suggested regulatory loop involves the transcription factors CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and the pseudo-response regulator TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1/PRR1). TOC1 is a member of the Arabidopsis circadian-regulated PRR gene family . Analysis of single and double mutants in PRR7 and PRR9 indicates that these morning-expressed genes play a dual role in the circadian clock, being involved in the transmission of light signals to the clock and in the regulation of the central oscillator. Furthermore, CCA1 and LHY had a positive effect on PRR7 and PRR9 expression levels, indicating that they might form part of an additional regulatory feedback loop. We propose that the Arabidopsis circadian oscillator is composed of several interlocking positive and negative feedback loops, a feature of clock regulation that appears broadly conserved between plants, fungi, and animals.
Postmodernist Quietism in Polanski's Chinatown and Lynch's Mulholland Drive

F ONE ISSUE VEXES ADVOCATES OF POSTMODERNIST THOUGHT MORE THAN any other today, it may be the increasingly apparent susceptibility of that thought to co-optation by the rationalized corporate forces it was largely intended to oppose. Deleuze and Guattari once championed a schizophrenic ‘‘body without organs’’ to unleash institutionally quashed, potentially revolutionary desires, but the type of subjectivity they imagined seems most readily available to us today when channel or Web surfing. Jean Baudrillard once celebrated simulacra for their ability to undermine the ‘‘Real,’’ on which all rational authority is founded, but our total immersion in simulations has clearly only abetted the eminently rational corporations that shovel them out to us. And Jean-Francois Lyotard once advocated a respect for ‘‘differends,’’ or irreconcilable clashes between various cultural/ personal/political perspectives, but the fact that ‘‘agreeing to disagree’’ is now de rigeur on countless talk shows and news panels has hardly impeded the concentration of the world’s wealth into fewer and fewer hands. Those of us who felt, in recent decades, the allure of postmodernist thought as a progressive political tool—who sensed in it a successor for a deeply indicted Marxism—must ask ourselves how what we thought was so inviolably ours seems to be turning more and more each year into something of theirs. We must ask ourselves what happened that such recent commentators as David Hawkes can claim, without sounding particularly hysterical, that postmodernist thought is actually ‘‘nothing more than the ideology of consumer capitalism’’ (12).
Key processes in the oral transmission of Hindustani vocal music

Abstract The transmission of Hindustani music is carried out through a process of oral transmission in which teachers instruct their students largely without the aid of writing or notation. Many pedagogical strategies have been developed by musical practitioners to cope with the oral-aural communication which is inherent in this process. Such strategies are not only important to the student but also to the teacher for whom the act of teaching becomes as much a part of the tradition as performance. This paper examines the teaching strategies of a well respected teacher of Hindustani vocal music and identifies the aspects of his pedagogy which appear to be shaped by the orality of the transmission process. Structures which are observable in the music during transmission display numerous characteristics which are attributable to the oral nature of the tradition. Undoubtedly these characteristics became elements of the tradition which also appear during performance. Ultimately structures within a musical perf...
Greater impulsivity is associated with decreased brain activation in obese women during a delay discounting task

Impulsivity and poor inhibitory control are associated with higher rates of delay discounting (DD), or a greater preference for smaller, more immediate rewards at the expense of larger, but delayed rewards. Of the many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of DD, few have investigated the correlation between individual differences in DD rate and brain activation related to DD trial difficulty, with difficult DD trials expected to activate putative executive function brain areas involved in impulse control. In the current study, we correlated patterns of brain activation as measured by fMRI during difficult vs. easy trials of a DD task with DD rate (k) in obese women. Difficulty was defined by how much a reward choice deviated from an individual’s ‘indifference point’, or the point where the subjective preference for an immediate and a delayed reward was approximately equivalent. We found that greater delay discounting was correlated with less modulation of activation in putative executive function brain areas, such as the middle and superior frontal gyri and inferior parietal lobule, in response to difficult compared to easy DD trials. These results support the suggestion that increased impulsivity is associated with deficient functioning of executive function areas of the brain.
Thaumatin Crystallization Aboard the International Space Station Using Liquid-Liquid Diffusion in the Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (EGN)

This paper reports results from the first biological crystal-growth experiment on the International Space Station (ISS). Crystals of thaumatin were grown using liquid–liquid diffusion in Tygon® tubing transported in the Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (EGN). Different volume ratios and concentrations of protein and precipitant were used to test different adaptations of the vapor-diffusion crystallization recipe to the liquid–liquid diffusion method. The EGN warmed up from 77 to 273 K in about 4 d, about the same time it took to warm from 273 to 293 K. The temperature within the EGN was 293–297 K for the majority of the experiment. Air gaps that blocked liquid–liquid diffusion formed in the tubes. Nonetheless, crystals were grown. Synchrotron diffraction data collected from the best space-grown crystal extended to 1.28 A, comparable to previous studies of space-grown thaumatin crystals. The resolution of the best ground-control crystal was only 1.47 A. It is not clear if the difference in diffraction limit arises from factors other than crystal size. Improvements in temperature control and the elimination of air gaps are needed, but the results show that the EGN on the ISS can be used to produce space-grown crystals that diffract to high resolution.
Confronting and Coping with Weight Stigma: An Investigation of Overweight and Obese Adults

The total sample of 2671 overweight and obese adults were partitioned into two subsamples for investigation. Sample I was comprised of 2449 adult women, and Sample II was a matched sample of adult men and women (N = 222) that was disaggregated to investigate gender differences. Both samples completed an online battery of self-report questionnaires measuring frequency of weight stigmatization and coping responses to deal with bias, the most common sources of the bias, symptoms of depression, self-esteem, attitudes about weight and obesity, and binge eating behaviors .Experiences of weight stigmatization was common in both samples. A variety of coping strategies were used in response. More frequent exposure to stigma was related to more attempts to cope and higher BMI. Physicians and family members were the most frequent sources of weight bias reported. No gender differences were observed in types or frequency of stigmatization. Frequency of stigmatization was not related to current psychological functioning, although coping responses were associated with emotional well-being. These findings raise questions about the relationship between stigma and psychological functioning and have important implications for obesity treatment and stigma reduction intervention efforts, both of which are discussed.
Using microprocessors to count microwave signals

The harmonic heterodyne frequency measuring technique described here provides wide f.m. tolerance, high sensitivity and automatic amplitude discrimination. It requires only one microwave component?a sampler?and uses a microprocessor to perform the required computations. This minimizes the hardware content and facilitates data manipulation.
Implementing the beam and warming method on the hypercube

Numerical simulation of a wide range of physical phenomena typically involves enormous amounts of computation and, for scores of practical problems, these simulations cannot be carried out even on today's fastest supercomputers. The economic and scientific importance of many of these problems is driving the explosive research in computer architecture, especially the work aimed at achieving ultra high-speed computation by exploiting concurrent processing. Correspondingly, there is great interest in the design and analysis of numerical algorithms which are suitable for implementation on concurrent processor systems.In this paper we consider the implementation of the Beam and Warming implicit factored method on a hypercube concurrent processor system. We present a set of equations and give the numerical method in sufficient detail to illustrate and analyze the problems which arise in implementing this numerical method. We show that there are mappings of the computational domain onto the nodes of a hypercube concurrent processor system which maintain the efficiency of the numerical method. We also show that better methods do not exist.
An intelligent baggage-tracking system for airport security

Abstract The proposed baggage-tracking system is designed to improve airport security and expedite the retrieval of baggage belonging to passengers suspected of posing a threat to the safe flight of an aircraft. As passengers check in, the dimensions of each piece of their luggage are obtained via a non-invasive laser-light-sensor system, and are input to the computer. The weight of the luggage is also input to the computer. Based on a codebook associated with the flight, date, weight, dimensions, type of aircraft, the number of passengers booked for this flight and the weight and balance constraints, the computer assigns the luggage to a specific container and a specific location within the container. Furthermore, a special tag is issued by the computer. The tag denotes the container number and the position within the container of the luggage. Each tag contains an antenna responding to a very narrow band of frequencies. The antenna frequency of the tag is also input to the computer. If the passenger does not board the aircraft, this information is used to remove the passenger's luggage within a relatively short time.
Pharmacokinetics of bumetanide in critically ill infants.

Objective Define the pharmacokinetics of bumetanide after single intravenous doses in volume-overloaded critically ill infants. Methods A prospective, open-label study was carried out in a group of 58 infants aged 0 to 6 months who required diuretic therapy. Each patient received a single dose of intravenous bumetanide. Doses selected in sequential order ranged from 0.005 to 0.10 mg/kg. Hematologic and serum chemistry studies were performed before and at 6 and 24 hours after bumetanide administration. Determinations of urine volume and chemistries were performed before (collected from −2 to −4 hours to time 0) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours after bumetanide dosing. Serum samples collected at time 0 and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes and urine collected at time 0 and at 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 12 hours were analyzed for bumetanide concentration. Data were evaluated by standard noncompartmental pharmacokinetic techniques. Results Peak serum bumetanide concentrations occurred at 5 minutes after bumetanide administration. Area under the curve and peak serum bumetanide concentrations showed linear increases over the twentyfold dose range; whereas beta volume of distribution, volume of distribution at steady state, clearance, renal clearance, half-life, and mean residence time values were independent of dose. Peak urinary excretion rates of bumetanide increased linearly with increasing doses. The mean percent of bumetanide recovered in the urine from 0 to 12 hours was 40% ± 15% of the administered dose. Conclusions Distribution and elimination kinetics of bumetanide were similar in all patients. Elimination kinetics were first order over the dose range of 0.005 to 0.10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (beta volume of distribution, volume of distribution at steady state, clearance, renal clearance, half-life, and mean residence time) were independent of the dose of bumetanide administered. Single doses of bumetanide up to 0.10 mg/kg appear to be well tolerated in acutely ill volume-overloaded infants aged 0 to 6 months. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 60, 405–413; doi:
Early Archean silicate spherules of probable impact origin, South Africa and Western Australia

Layers of sand-sized silicate spherules in 3.2 to 3.5 Ga Archean greenstone belts in South Africa and Western Australia formed by the accumulation of quenched liquid silicate droplets having primary compositions resembling those of immediately underlying rock sequences. The layers and particles appear to be unrelated to volcanic activity, and we suggest that both occurrences may represent melt droplets formed during meteorite or comet impacts. If so, these spherules are the oldest known terrestrial impact products. If these objects are representative of a larger population of early Archean impact features, it may be possible to directly estimate the meteorite flux on the early Archean earth.
Compression, Segmentation, and Modeling of Large-Scale Filamentary Volumetric Data

We describe a method for processing large amounts of volumetric data collected from a Knife Edge Scanning Microscope (KESM). The neuronal data that we acquire consists of thin, branching structures extending over very large regions that prior volumetric representations have difficulty dealing with efficiently. Since the full volume data set can be extremely large, on-the-fly processing of the data is necessary.
Placenta growth factor levels in second-trimester maternal serum in Down syndrome pregnancy and in the prediction of preeclampsia

Objectives To determine the levels of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in second-trimester maternal serum samples from pregnancies affected with fetal Down syndrome and from those that developed preeclampsia and to assess the utility of PlGF as a screening tool for these conditions. Methods Residual second-trimester maternal serum samples were retrieved from freezer storage for 39 cases of Down syndrome and 44 pregnancies that later developed preeclampsia. Each case was matched to 5 control samples for gestational age at collection and duration of freezer storage. PlGF levels were measured in each sample by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results PlGF levels increased with gestational age between 15 and 20 gestational weeks. After adjusting for gestational-age effects, the median level of PlGF was 1.01 MoM in Down syndrome pregnancy and 0.74 MoM in pregnancies that developed preeclampsia, which were not significantly different from matched controls. The duration between sampling and onset of preeclampsia did not have an effect on the PlGF level. Conclusion PlGF levels are not significantly altered in second-trimester maternal serum samples from cases of Down syndrome or in pregnancies that develop preeclampsia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation of flow about two-dimensional bodies by means of the velocity-vorticity formulation on a staggered grid

A method for calculating the incompressible viscous flow about two-dimensional bodies, utilizing the velocity-vorticity form of the Navier-Stokes equations using a staggered-grid formulation is presented. The solution is obtained by employing an alternative-direction implicit method for the solution of the block tridiagonal matrix resulting from the finite-difference representation of the governing equations. The boundary vorticity and the conservation of mass are calculated implicitly as a part of the solution. The mass conservation is calculated to machine zero for the duration of the computation. Calculations for the flow about a circular cylinder, a 2-pct thick flat plate at 90-deg incidence, an elliptic cylinder at 45-deg incidence, and a NACA 0012, with and without a deflected flap, at - 90-deg incidence are performed and compared with the results of other numerical investigations.
The modification of affinity labeled antibodies

Abstract We previously showed that antibodies which had been affinity labeled at a tyrosyl residue with a diazonium labeling reagent could be further modified usefully. By reductively cleaving the azotyrosine bond, 3-aminotyrosine (3-NH2Tyr) was generated in situ, and this residue could then serve as an initiation point for further modifications - for example with the bifunctional reagent difluoro-dinitrobenzene (F2DNB). We now present the results of further experiments utilizing this approach. The affinity labeled nitrophenyl binding protein of the plasma cell tumor MOPC 315 was easily reduced with small amounts of dithionite (Na2S2O4). When F2DNB was added it reacted initially at the 3-NH2Tyr at position 34 on the light chain and then subsequently with other amino acid residues leading to the formation of light-heavy and intra-light chain cross-links. Although under suitable conditions F2DNB also reacted with the native protein of MOPC 315, the reaction occurred largely on the heavy chain. These results testify to the high specificity obtainable using these procedures. Experiments involving the reaction of F2DNB with either labeled-unreduced protein, or labeled-reduced protein in the presence of the ligand dinitrophenyl-aminocaproate, suggests that the F2DNB may in part have functioned as an affinity labeling reagent. Parallel studies were performed with the phosphorylcholine binding protein of plasma cell tumor TEPC 15. This protein affinity labeled at two alternative tyrosines on the light chains. The azo bonds were much more difficult to reduce wwith dithionite. When they were cleaved some of the sites remained completely inactive whereas others bound normally. The stoichiometry suggests that those sites with a 3-NH2Tyr at position 92 were inactivated while those with 3-NH2Tyr at position 34 were unaffected. Native protein-15 reacted only minimally with F2DNB under the conditions used whereas the labeled-reduced protein became modified on the light chains exclusively.
The effect of changing demographic composition on recent trends in underemployment

The effect of changing age-sex composition on trends in unemployment and underemployment from 1969 to 1980 is estimated. This effect is positive as anticipated, but negligible in both absolute and relative terms. For example, no more than .35 percent of the increase in unemployment between 1969 and 1980 can be attributed to compositional factors. The secular rise in unemployment and underemployment from the late 1960s into the 1980s simply cannot be attributed in any substantial way to the changing demographic composition of the labor force.
1,2,4‐Triazines. 3. halogen‐sulfur exchange in the preparation of 5,6‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazines

The preparation and displacement reactions of 3-amino-5,6-bismethylthio-1,2,4-triazine (3) are described.
Anticomplementary activity of lipid A isolated from lipopolysaccharides.

SummaryWe have examined in detail the relationship between the solubility of the isolated lipid A portion of bacterial lipopoly-saccharides and biological activity. Lipid A isolated by mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS of E. coli 0111:B4, was shown to be an inactivator of complement. This anticomplementary activity was increased over two orders of magnitude after solubilization with triethylamine. In contrast to previously published reports, however, highly active soluble lipid A preparations could be obtained independent of a carrier protein. When such a carrier was present, better than 95% of the carrier did not contribute to the formation of a soluble complex. We conclude that the biological activity of lipid A is highly dependent upon its solubility.We would like to thank Ms. Helen Thomas and Janet Roser for technical assistance. This research is supported by U.S. Public Health Training Grant No. 5TIGM683, International Research Fellowship 1F05TWI1853–01, and by a Fellowship from the Eli Lilly Company (...
High Fidelity Simulation Effectiveness in Nursing Students’ Transfer of Learning

Background Members of nursing faculty are utilizing interactive teaching tools to improve nursing student's clinical judgment; one method that has been found to be potentially effective is high fidelity simulation (HFS). The purpose of this time series design study was to determine whether undergraduate nursing students were able to transfer knowledge and skills learned from classroom lecture and a HFS clinical to the traditional clinical setting. Method Students (n=42) were observed and rated on their ability to perform a respiratory assessment. The observations and ratings took place at the bedside, prior to a respiratory lecture, following the respiratory lecture, and following simulation clinical. Results The findings indicated that there was a significant difference (p=0.000) in transfer of learning demonstrated over time. Conclusions Transfer of learning was demonstrated and the use of HFS was found to be an effective learning and teaching method. Implications of results are discussed.
A Novel Approach for the Preparation of InP Nanocrystals

III-V semiconductor nanocrystals are of considerable interest due to their extensive applications in the optoelectronic and biomedical fields. In order to meet the practical use, the convenient and scalable production of III-V narrow-disperse nanocrystals is inspiring. We report an efficient and rapid method of preparing highly monodisperse InP nanocrystals using a wet-chemical redox synthetic approach with a noncoordinating solvent, employing organic reducing agent LiBH(CH2CH3)3 and yellow phosphor. As advantages of this approach, reaction temperature is relatively low (80°C-120°C) and reaction time is less than 2 hours. Our characterization shows that the photoluminescence properties of InP nanocrystals are highly dependent on the particle size.
The Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of the Mouse Egg: Localization of ER Clusters in Relation to the Generation of Repetitive Calcium Waves

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the mature mouse egg consists of a fine tubular network and pronounced accumulations in the cortex. The ER was visualized both in intact eggs and with in vitro preparations of the cortex using the fluorescent lipophilic dye, DiI. Immunofluorescent labeling of the ER in isolated cortical preparations demonstrated that the ER clusters contain inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptors, indicating an important involvement in sperm-induced Ca(2+) transients, which are triggered by IP(3). We imaged the ER during fertilization and the subsequent Ca(2+) transients and found that the clusters remained intact throughout this period. Recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching established that the ER clusters are continuous with the reticular ER network and that these structures remain stable and continuous throughout the time of fertilization-induced Ca(2+) transients; continuity also remained during IP(3) injection. These results indicate that, in contrast to echinoderm eggs, the ER of mouse eggs does not become disrupted when it releases Ca(2+)at fertilization. The localization and apparent stability of the cortical ER clusters may be important in generating Ca(2+) oscillations, which are characteristic of fertilized mammalian eggs. Imaging of intracellular Ca(2+) revealed that Ca(2+) transients originate in the hemisphere of the egg that contains abundant ER clusters, thus the mouse contains a stable cortical pacemaker responsible for generating Ca(2+) waves.
Glafenine-induced intestinal injury in zebrafish is ameliorated by μ-opioid signaling via enhancement of Atf6-dependent cellular stress responses

Beside their analgesic properties, opiates exert beneficial effects on the intestinal wound healing response. In this study, we investigated the role of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling on the unfolded protein response (UPR) using a novel zebrafish model of NSAID-induced intestinal injury. The NSAID glafenine was administered to zebrafish larvae at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) for up to 24 hours in the presence or absence of the MOR-specific agonist DALDA. By analysis with histology, transmission electron microscopy and vital dye staining, glafenine-treated zebrafish showed evidence of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress, with disrupted intestinal architecture and halted cell stress responses, alongside accumulation of apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells in the lumen. Although the early UPR marker BiP was induced with glafenine-induced injury, downstream atf6 and s-xbp1 expression were paradoxically not increased, explaining the halted cell stress responses. The μ-opioid agonist DALDA protected against glafenine-induced injury through induction of atf6-dependent UPR. Our findings show that DALDA prevents glafenine-induced epithelial damage through induction of effective UPR.
Introducing Smart Structures Technology into Civil Engineering Curriculum: Education Development at Lehigh University

Most of today's civil engineering students are unaware of the potential use of smart structures technology in the design, construction, and maintenance of civil infrastructure systems. This paper presents recent education development in the area of smart structures technology at Lehigh University. The goal of this education development is to prepare the future engineer of society for this cutting-edge technology, for which they may see broad application in their professional practice. An overview of the smart structures technology in civil engineering applications, from a systems perspective, is first given in the paper. Educational activities incorporating smart structures technology into civil engineering curriculum are next presented in this paper.
NUTRITION BASICS IN FOOD ALLERGY

The nutritional management of a food-allergic patient is paramount to the successful implementation of a food-restricted diet. As with a patient on a new medication, food-allergy patients need instruction on how to institute the food restriction and close monitoring of their tolerance and progress. The prescription of a food-restricted diet is a major burden to both patient and family. It requires extensive education about foods for which most people have previously been unfamiliar. The tasks of grocery shopping and deciding what and where to eat, which previously required no more than a minute to decide, now become time-intensive tasks. The information that follows is intended to provide a basic understanding of the nutritional management of these patients.
Precision high resolution fourier transform spectroscopy of greenhouse gases at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths

Dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS) provides us with a very effective technique for the measurement of absorption and refractive index spectra of environmentally hazardous gases. This paper presents the rotational transition lines and refractive index spectra of Nitrous Oxide gas as a function of varying pressure using DFTS for the very first time. The relationship between the variation of the pressure and the change in the absorption spectrum is examined and discussed in detail. Nitrous Oxide (NO2) gas is considered a harmful greenhouse gas and is the third largest contributor to overall global warming after Carbon Dioxide and Methane. This study demonstrates the ability of our setup to accurately identify and characterize NO2 gas at differing pressures over a broadband frequency spectrum. These findings presented from 300 GHz - 900 GHz are therefore of great importance in the ongoing struggle to battle global warming.
Pavement Testing and Backcalculation Technologies—Challenges for the 21 st Century

The background information presented in this paper was collected for the opening presentation at the Third International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Pavements and Backcalculation of Moduli. The paper will be used to address three questions or topics: 1) where are we; 2) where are we going; 3) thoughts about the future.
Constrained mathematics analysis of uncertain variables

Analyses (e.g., safety analyses and reliability analyses) that are based on variable or uncertain inputs need to reflect the ranges of potential output variability or uncertainty. A challenging problem in mathematically processing the operands is that constraints inherent in the problem definition can require computations that are difficult to implement. Examples of possible constraints are that the sum of the probabilities of partitioned possible outcomes must be one, and repeated appearances of the same variable must all have the identical value. The latter, called the "repeated variable problem" will be addressed in this paper in order to show how range-based probabilistic evaluation of Boolean logic expressions, such as those describing the outcomes of fault trees and event trees, can be facilitated. The results are applicable to fuzzy mathematics, interval analysis, Monte Carlo analysis and other range-based techniques. The problem is important, because unconstrained computations result in wider ranges of outputs than those properly obtained with constrained mathematics. We illustrate techniques that can be used to transform complex constrained problems into trivial problems in most tree logic expressions, and into tractable problems in most other cases. The approach is based on the Boolean logic characteristics of "unateness" and "minimal compactness", and differential calculus characteristics related to regions of monotonicity. Example problems are used to demonstrate the techniques and the advantages of constrained mathematics.
Oxidative-Stress Resistance Mutants of Helicobacter pylori

Within a large family of peroxidases, one member that catalyzes the reduction of organic peroxides to alcohols is known as alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, or AhpC. Gene disruption mutations in the gene encoding AhpC of Helicobacter pylori (ahpC) were generated by screening transformants under low-oxygen conditions. Two classes of mutants were obtained. Both types lack AhpC protein, but the major class (type I) isolated was found to synthesize increased levels (five times more than the wild type) of another proposed antioxidant protein, an iron-binding, neutrophil-activating protein (NapA). The other class of mutants, the minor class (type II), produced wild-type levels of NapA. The two types of AhpC mutants differed in their frequencies of spontaneous mutation to rifampin resistance and in their sensitivities to oxidative-stress chemicals, with the type I mutants exhibiting less sensitivity to organic hydroperoxides as well as having a lower mutation frequency. The napA promoter regions of the two types of AhpC mutants were identical, and primer extension analysis revealed their transcription start site to be the same as for the wild type. Gene disruption mutations were obtained in napA alone, and a double mutant strain (ahpC napA) was also created. All four of the oxidative-stress resistance mutants could be distinguished from the wild type in oxygen sensitivity or in some other oxidative-stress resistance phenotype (i.e., in sensitivity to stress-related chemicals and spontaneous mutation frequency). For example, growth of the NapA mutant was more sensitive to oxygen than that of the wild-type strain and both of the AhpC-type mutants were highly sensitive to paraquat and to cumene hydroperoxide. Of the four types of mutants, the double mutant was the most sensitive to growth inhibition by oxygen and by organic peroxides and it had the highest spontaneous mutation frequency. Notably, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with protein sequence analysis identified another possible oxidative-stress resistance protein (HP0630) that was up-regulated in the double mutant. However, the transcription start site of the HP0630 gene was the same for the double mutant as for the wild type. It appears that H. pylori can readily modulate the expression of other resistance factors as a compensatory response to loss of a major oxidative-stress resistance component.
Technology requirements for automotive electronics

This paper discusses high voltage device implementation in an automotive technology optimized for 12 V electrical automotive systems and which can be easily up-converted to support the new 42 V electrical automotive systems. Technology features, integration and implementation of high voltage devices and ESD solutions are specifically emphasized in the paper.
Low rate speech representation by vector quantizing transform components

A transform-based system is described for vector quantizing speech at 4800 BPS. Multiple codebooks were used to quantize groups of harmonic components of speech, corresponding to different frequency bands. To ensure that the distortion caused by the vector quantizer at low frequencies was kept at a minimum, low-dimensionality codebooks were used. Furthermore, to reduce the errors of the FFT resolution, transform components, within the baseband and adjacent to the pitch-harmonic components, were also encoded and quantized by low-dimensionality codebooks. This was found to improve the quality of speech. Speech produced at 4800 BPS using this method was found to be of good quality, particularly for female speakers. This is because the number of harmonic components required for female (high-pitch) speakers is generally smaller than that required for male (low-pitch) speakers. >