cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPATIAL SCALE OF GENETIC STRUCTURE AND AN INDIRECT ESTIMATE OF GENE FLOW IN EELGRASS, ZOSTERA MARINA.

In this study, the first investigation of population structure in an aquatic angiosperm, I show that populations of a marine angiosperm (eelgrass, Zostera marina) are genetically differentiated at a number of spatial scales. I find also that there is no correspondence between geographic and genetic distances separating subpopulations, an increasingly common result in spatially stratified studies of genetic structure in marine invertebrates. F-statistics, calculated for two years from electrophoretic variation at five polymorphic allozyme loci, indicate significant genetic differentiation among sampling quadrats within each of two bays (θ = 0.064-0.208), between tide zones within a bay (θ = 0.025-0.157) and between bays (θ = 0.079). Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore genetic differentiation at smaller spatial scales; estimated patch sizes (within which genetic individuals are randomly associated) indicated no appeciable genetic structure at scales less than 20 m × 20 m. Calculated values of F-statistics were a function of the spatial scale from which samples were drawn: increasing the size of the "subpopulation" included in calculation of fixation indices for the same "total" sample resulted in an increase in the magnitude of f (e.g., from 0.092 to 0.181) and a decrease in θ (e.g., from 0.186 to 0.025). On the basis of the best estimate of the spatial scale of subpopulations, the effective number of migrants per generation (Ne m) ranges from 1.1 to 2.8. Genetic consequences of the disturbance regime in the eelgrass habitat sampled were extreme variation between years in the allele richness and proportion of heterozygotes in a sample and a positive relationship between the extinction probability of patches and the genetic variance among them. The changes in F-statistics as a function of sampling scale and the observation that θ among sampled quadrats was positively associated with the probability of extinction among quadrats indicated that indirect estimates of gene flow (Ne m) calculated from θ should be cautiously interpreted in populations that may not yet be in drift-migration equilibrium.
Abstract 3116: NF-κB2/p52 induces expression of inflammatory mediators in prostate cancerin vivo.

Introduction and objective: Inflammation plays a key role in the etiology of carcinoma of colon, cervix or liver, but PCa, in which inflammation has not been deemed to play a causative role, also display a pro-inflammatory gene profile. NF-κB is central to the induction of inflammation and the classical and alternative NF-κB activation pathways have been shown to modulate expression of inflammatory mediators. Here we explored the induction of markers of tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells in two in vivo models overexpressing NF-κB2/p52. Methods: LNCaP human PCa cells were infected with adenoviruses encoding empty vector or NF-κB2/p52 and injected s.c. into both flanks of nude mice. Gene expression of markers of inflammatory mediators such as macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells was analyzed in the tumor tissues by qRT-PCR. In addition, whole prostates were collected from transgenic mice expressing NF-κB2/p52 in the prostate and RNA was analyzed for inflammatory markers. Expression of the cell surface markers was validated by immunohistochemistry in sections of whole prostates. Results: The infiltration of host immune cells into the xenograft tissues was detected by expression of surface markers of cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineage. The expression of B220 (B cells), F4/80 (activated macrophages), Cd8A (CTL) was increased in p52-expressing xenografts compared to controls, indicating the presence of host-derived inflammatory cells in the xenografts. Expression levels of chemokines (Cxcl1), chemokine receptors (Ccr1, Ccr3) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-6 and Tnf) were enhanced in the xenografts compared to the controls, indicating that expression of NF-κB2/p52 induces an inflammatory response in xenografts of human PCa cells. Compared to littermate negative controls, expression of B220, F4/80, Cd8A and Cd208 was increased in transgenic mouse prostates expressing p52. Furthermore, expression levels of Cxcl1, Ccr1, Ccr3, Il-6 and Tnf were also enhanced compared to controls, indicating the induction of inflammation in mouse prostates by NF-κB2/p52. Conclusions: Our previous studies have shown that NF-κB2/p52 plays an important role in the development of castration resistance in human PCa cells. In this study we showed that NF-κB2/p52 may induce an inflammatory response in xenografts of human PCa cells or in transgenic mouse prostates, and thereby promote tumor proliferation. Citation Format: Nagalakshmi Nadiminty, Ramakumar Tummala, Wei Lou, Christopher P. Evans, Allen C. Gao. NF-κB2/p52 induces expression of inflammatory mediators in prostate cancer in vivo . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3116. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3116
Nectariless and Glabrous Cottons: Effect on Pink Bollworm in Arizona

Two nectariless strains of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., that were field tested for resistance to Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) supported significantly fewer insects and sustained less seed damage than their nectaried counterparts. A glabrous strain also had fewer insects and less seed damage than a hirsute cultivar. The nectariless and glabrous characters combined in a single strain reduced seed damage cumulatively.
Culture Matters: The “Oga” Factor in African Higher Education

Much has been written and reported, especially by the media about African Leadership and governance. A major coverage has focused on corruption and the lack of transparency; both issues emerging from the media within Africa and the West. The related literature suggests that the African people and the international community have levied the blame on African political leadership and Governance. Equally important is a growing public concern about African higher education. For example, the 2015 University Times Ranking has identified the top ten “best” universities: eight in South Africa and two in Egypt. The current lack of sustainable development; poverty, ignorance and disease; inadequate energy and water supply; and poor infrastructure constitute a major threat to peace and security in Africa. Thus, it may be concluded that African political leadership has failed the African people. And, based on available indicators African higher education has also failed to deliver on the promise of post-Independence Africa, especially to its youth. This paper probes the role of the African academy in sustainable development and the improvement of African quality of Life (AQOL). In this context the paper examines the impact of culture in African higher education; it argues that the “Oga” factor within the African cultural milieu has exacerbated the situation. Based on its findings the paper proposes far-reaching recommendations for consideration and implementation by African educators, policymakers and relevant international organizations.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection of Environmental Contamination: An Immunoassay for Dioxin

Environmental monitoring for chemical pollutants has traditionally been done using a variety of analytical techniques including gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. These techniques, while very precise, are usually time-consuming, and require sophisticated equipment, dedicated laboratories, and highly trained personnel. All result in a costly analysis that is not amenable to automation. Alternative assays that detect specific chemicals and are less expensive, faster, and adaptable to automated systems are desirable. They also should be simple enough to be performed in mobile field laboratories by relatively untrained personnel.
Spreading of thin droplets of perfect and leaky dielectric liquids on inclined surfaces

The spreading of droplets may be influenced by electric fields, a situation that is relevant to applications such as coating, printing, and microfluidics. In this work we study the effects of an electric field on the gravity-driven spreading of two-dimensional droplets down an inclined plane. We consider both perfect and leaky dielectric liquids, as well as perfectly and partially wetting systems. In addition to the effects of electric fields, we examine the use of thermocapillary forces to suppress the growth of the capillary ridge near the droplet front. Lubrication theory is applied to generate a set of coupled partial differential equations for interfacial height and charge, which are then solved numerically with a finite-difference method. Electric fields increase the height of the capillary ridge in both perfect and leaky dielectric droplets due to electrostatic pressure gradients that drive liquid into the ridge. In leaky dielectrics, large interfacial charge gradients in the contact-line region cr...
Ethical and Aesthetic Meaning and Experience

We have thus far been speaking of our environment in terms of individual objects, such as trees and rocks, books and tigers. But in fact our practical consciousness, or consciousness as agents, does not normally focus upon objects in isolation but rather upon groups of objects complexly related to form what we can call situations. By a situation I mean that particular selection from our total environment to which at a given time we consciously relate ourselves as actual or potential agents. This is made up of entities each of which has its own distinctive character or meaning; but the situation itself also has a meaning which exceeds that of the sum of its constituent parts. And our consciousness normally functions on this situational level as an awareness of a continuum of objects within which we act or react.
Effect of symmetry in periodic nanostructures on light trapping in thin film solar cells

We perform detailed theoretical analysis on the relation between the symmetry in periodic nanostructures and its light-trapping performance in thin film photovoltaics. The symmetry-breaking approach for light trapping implicitly assumes that the increase in the number of resonances would enhance broadband absorption. However, our calculations show that this assumption is not entirely true. We find that the correlation between the number of resonances and the spectral average absorption is only rough. By breaking the symmetry systematically, we identify the symmetry-breaking steps that significantly enhance broadband absorption. Our results show that these symmetry-breaking steps do not always agree with the steps that increase the number of resonances. However, both the level of absorptance and the number of resonances in general increase by symmetry breaking, which is in agreement with previously reported results. Our results suggest that the development of experimental symmetry-breaking techniques in light-trapping nanostructures should not be guided solely based on simple group theory analysis.
The Routines-Based Model for supporting speech and language

Abstract The more we understand the importance of children's learning during their everyday routines, the more we realize methods of delivering speech and language services must change. The Routines-Based Model has emerged as a viable structure for the delivery of family-centered, functional early intervention. It is described briefly, followed by specific speech and language needs of young children with disabilities as addressed through this model. The model includes methods for getting to know the child and family, including their needs, planning interventions, and service delivery. Practices involved in the Routines-Based Model include developing ecomaps, conducting Routines-Based Interviews, writing participation-based goals, and providing collaborative consultation to families and teachers. Two primary tenets of the model are that all the intervention occurs between visits and children learn through distributed trials. The primary language needs addressed are language delays and errors in language, and the primary speech needs addressed are articulation and apraxia and sequelae to structural problems. New roles for speech-language pathologists are described in an era of functional, family-centered early intervention. These roles require therapists to serve as consultants and to accept new roles, if they are to serve as comprehensive service providers.
Detecting Pending Hemodialysis Access Failure: The Physical Exam

A proper physical examination is an invaluable tool in discovering emerging problems of a vascular access in a timely fashion, thus preventing serious complications, potential loss, and poor outcomes. Though subjective in nature, with experience this can be performed quickly and accurately and is considered a critical part of patient care. The 2006 National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) and the 2008 Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines recommend that physical examination be performed on all mature arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) on a weekly basis. Like any physical examination the three elements include inspection, palpation, and auscultation. Basic knowledge of blood flow dynamics as discussed in the previous chapter is helpful in understanding the steps of physical examination and evaluation of findings. This chapter focuses on the physical examination of the newly created and the mature arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and grafts (AVG).
Regarding “Computer-Extracted Texture Features to Distinguish Cerebral Radionecrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumors on Multiparametric MRI: A Feasibility Study”

We read with great interest the recently published article by Tiwari et al[1][1] regarding automated radiomic features for distinguishing radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor. Because our neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons frequently ask us to make this distinction for clinical management, we
Teachers’ Responses to Teacher Images in Picturebooks

Many studies look into the responses to literature of students and how these responses may affect their identities. However, rarely do studies look into teachers’ responses to literature as far as their teacher identities are concerned. This study focuses on a beginning teacher’s responses to select children’s picturebooks and how his responses reflect his current school contexts and experiences, his emerging teacher identity, and the values he holds in teaching.
Modeling Human Behavior for Energy-Usage Prediction

We propose a system that uses a set of mobile sensors to model human behavior of energy usage. This mobile sensor suite can be fit on a keychain or ID/access badge. Data from these sensors, e.g., temperature, visible light spectrum, and 60 Hz electromagnetic field, will be used to give real-time feedback of user’s energy consumption and prediction of future energy usage. Feedback of energy consumption will be displayed in an understandable manner on a user interface, e.g., smart phone. A model developed from the available data using machine learning will inform the system about energy consumption patterns and behaviors of users.
Aamir R. Mufti. Forget English! Orientalisms and World Literatures. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, 2016, 304 pp.

Review Aamir R. Mufti. Forget English! Orientalisms and World Literatures . Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, 2016, 304 pp.
Energy-Efficient Computing With Probabilistic Magnetic Bits—Performance Modeling and Comparison Against Probabilistic CMOS Logic

This paper focuses on the design, performance modeling, and evaluation of probabilistic logic using superparamagnetic nanomagnets for which there exists a strong interplay between deterministic dynamics and intrinsic thermal noise. The switching element in the spin domain is chosen as the giant spin-Hall effect (GSHE) device that operates based on the dipolar coupling phenomenon in a two-magnet system to achieve low-energy ( $\approx ~1.3$ fJ/b) and low-power ( $\approx ~0.5~\mu $ W) switching characteristics. The use of spin currents on the order of a few tens of mA/ $\mu $ m2 in the subcritical regime to operate the GSHE device yields nondeterministic switching behavior with probability of correctness less than 100%. Therefore, the proposed technique allows us to trade off circuit accuracy for tremendous reduction in energy and power dissipation. In this paper, we identify the required dimensions and material parameters of the read–write units to ensure robust magnetic dipolar coupling for reliable operation of the GSHE switch. Then, through Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate the probabilistic switching behavior of the GSHE switch as a function of the input spin current amplitude and pulsewidth for various orientations of the magnetization vectors. The delay of the GSHE switch is quantified using a probability distribution function owing to the randomness imparted to the dynamics by intrinsic thermal noise of the nanomagnets. The relationship between the probability of correctness and the energy dissipation of the GSHE switch is quantified. The results are extended to evaluate the performance and circuit error rate of complex logic gates, such as NAND and NOR, constructed using the GSHE switch. It is shown that unlike the probabilistic CMOS (PCMOS) logic, the circuit error rate in the GSHE logic becomes a function of the input vector combination and the prior state of the switch. These nuances are captured in the compact model of the circuit error rate of multiple-input GSHE logic developed in this paper. The performance of the probabilistic GSHE logic is compared with that of PCMOS logic at the 14 nm technology node. Since the noise generation process in PCMOS logic has a limited bandwidth of tens of megahertz and consumes tens of microwatt power, the peripheral circuitry becomes prohibitive. By utilizing the inherent thermal stochasticity, nanomagnets provide a clear advantage to implement probabilistic computing platform targeted toward error-tolerant applications such as those from the image processing and machine learning domains.
Bibliometrics of social media research: A co-citation and co-word analysis

Abstract This study combined two bibliometric analysis methods to provide a systematic and holistic review of social media-related academic literature. A total of 406 publications related to social media between 2007 and 2016 were identified from 16 business and hospitality/tourism journals. Co-citation analysis identified Word-of-Mouth as the major theoretical foundation of social media research in business, while the hospitality/tourism field presented a diverse theoretical foundation. The study then employed co-word analysis to identify the evolution of research themes over time in both fields. The comparison of social media research between the two fields highlighted four similarities, including the growth of research over time, the term “social media” gaining popularity, the new trend of social networking sites, and managerial applications as research focus. Finally, the study called for a future research agenda on social media research in the hospitality/tourism field.
Adaptive Simulation Selection for the Discovery of the Ground State Line of Binary Alloys with a Limited Computational Budget

First principles calculations are computationally expensive. This information acquisition cost, combined with an exponentially high number of possible material configurations, constitutes an important roadblock towards the ultimate goal of materials by design. To overcome this barrier, one must devise schemes for the automatic and maximally informative selection of simulations. Such information acquisition decisions are task-dependent, in the sense that an optimal information acquisition policy for learning about a specific material property will not necessarily be optimal for learning about another. In this work, we develop an information acquisition policy for learning the ground state line (GSL) of binary alloys. Our approach is based on a Bayesian interpretation of the cluster expanded energy. This probabilistic surrogate of the energy enables us to quantify the epistemic uncertainty induced by the limited number of simulations which, in turn, is the key to defining a function of the configuration space that quantifies the expected improvement to the GSL resulting from a hypothetical simulation. We show that optimal information acquisition policies should balance the maximization of the expected improvement of the GSL and the minimization of the size of the simulated structure. We validate our approach by learning the GSLs of NiAl and TiAl binary alloys, where to establish the ground truth GSL we use the embedded-atom method (EAM) for the calculation of the energy of a given alloy configuration. Note that the proposed policies are directly applicable to the discovery of generic phase diagrams, if one can construct a probabilistic surrogate of the relevant thermodynamic potential.
Systematic Three-Dimensional Coculture Rapidly Recapitulates Interactions between Human Neurons and Astrocytes

Human astrocytes network with neurons in dynamic ways that are still poorly defined. Our ability to model this relationship is hampered by the lack of relevant and convenient tools to recapitulate this complex interaction. To address this barrier, we have devised efficient coculture systems utilizing 3D organoid-like spheres, termed asteroids, containing pre-differentiated human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived astrocytes (hAstros) combined with neurons generated from hPSC-derived neural stem cells (hNeurons) or directly induced via Neurogenin 2 overexpression (iNeurons). Our systematic methods rapidly produce structurally complex hAstros and synapses in high-density coculture with iNeurons in precise numbers, allowing for improved studies of neural circuit function, disease modeling, and drug screening. We conclude that these bioengineered neural circuit model systems are reliable and scalable tools to accurately study aspects of human astrocyte-neuron functional properties while being easily accessible for cell-type-specific manipulations and observations.
Application of building information modelling for reinforcement waste minimisation

The primary objective of this paper is to explain how successful implementation of building information model/modelling (BIM) can contribute to the reduction of waste in construction projects. Trad...
A Multibaseline InSAR Phase Unwrapping Method Using Designed Optimal Baselines Obtained by Motion Compensation Algorithm

Multibaseline (MB) interferometric synthetic aperture radar phase unwrapping (PU) has the advantage of using the baseline diversity to increase the ambiguity intervals of the interferometric phases and overcome the limitation of the phase continuity assumption. One major challenge of the MB PU is that the performance of PU greatly depends on the baseline configuration. In this letter, the motion compensation algorithm is used to modify the baselines of the interferograms. Therefore, optimal baseline configuration can be used in the MB PU to improve the PU performance. Real ALOS/PALSAR data over Himalayan mountain area have been used to verify the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the MB PU with modified baselines becomes more reliable.
Biochemical and genetic aspects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence

The Pseudomonas species includes at least 30 recognized strains, widely distributed in natural environments (e.g., soil and water) and as part of normal intestinal flora of mammals. Of these only a handful can cause infections in human hosts, and only Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified as a potentially life-threatening pathogen. This organism is usually associated with patients with an underlying disease who are subjected to extensive chemotherapy and hospitalization.
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights at Trade Shows: A Review and Recommendations

Trade shows (also referred to as trade fairs or exhibitions) are venues for the exchange of information about the newest intellectual property (“IP”), and can also be venues where disputes over IP rights arise or escalate. When trade shows become arenas for such disputes, IP right owners seek means to stop infringements of their IP rights on site – at the trade show and with immediate effect. This article reviews from a comparative perspective the options that IP right owners have for immediate relief at trade shows. After considering the limitations that current law imposes on temporary restraining orders in the United States, the article explores alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) mechanisms that some trade show organizers around the world have created to deal with IP rights disputes. The article assesses ADR mechanisms not as alternatives to, but as complements to court proceedings, and points out the positive and negative aspects of ADR mechanisms when the mechanisms are used to address IP rights disputes at trade shows. Drawing on the experiences from other countries, the article recommends that courts support IP rights enforcement at trade shows through the adoption of certain accommodation practices, which can complement ADR mechanisms.
Using radar reflectivity to evaluate the vertical structure of forecast convection

AbstractSeveral months of regional convection-permitting forecasts using two microphysical schemes (WSM6 and Thompson) are evaluated to determine the accuracy of the simulated convective structure ...
Modeling Dynamic Relations Among Marketing and Performance Metrics

Marketing and performance data often include measures repeated over time. Time-series models are uniquely suited to capture the time dependence of both a criterion variable and predictor variables, and how they relate to each other over time. The objective of this monograph is to give you a foundation in these models and to enable you to apply them to your own research domain of interest. To this end, we will discuss both the underlying perspectives and differences between alternative models, and the practical issues with testing, model choice, model estimation and interpretation common in empirical research. This combination of marketing phenomena and modeling philosophy sets this work apart from previous treatments on the broader topic of econometics and time series analysis in marketing.
Evolutionary Cell Aided Design for Neural Network Architectures.

Mathematical theory shows us that multilayer feedforward Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) are universal function approximators, capable of approximating any measurable function to any desired degree of accuracy. In practice designing practical and efficient neural network architectures require significant effort and expertise. We present a novel software framework called Evolutionary Cell Aided Design(ECAD) meant to aid in the exploration and design of efficient Neural Network Architectures(NNAs) for reconfigurable hardware. Given a general neural network structure and a set of constraints and fitness functions, the framework will explore both the space of possible NNA and the space of possible hardware designs, using evolutionary algorithms, and attempt to find the fittest co-design solutions according to a predefined set of goals. We test the framework on an image classification task and use the MNIST data set of hand written digits with an Intel Arria 10 GX 1150 device as our target platform. We design and implement a modular and scalable 2D systolic array with enhancements for machine learning that can be used by the framework for the hardware search space. Our results demonstrate the ability to pair neural network design and hardware development together using an evolutionary algorithm and removing traditional human-in-the-loop development tasks. By running various experiments of the fittest solutions for neural network and hardware searches, we demonstrate the full end-to-end capabilities of the ECAD framework.
The 'Too Big To Fail' Problem

“Too big to fail” – or “TBTF” – is a popular metaphor for a core dysfunction of today’s financial system: the recurrent pattern of government bailouts of large, systemically important financial institutions. The financial crisis of 2008 made TBTF a household term, a powerful rhetorical device for expressing the widely shared discontent with the pernicious pattern of “privatizing gains and socializing losses” it came to represent in the public’s eye. Ten years after the crisis, TBTF continues to frame much of the public policy debate on financial regulation. Yet, the analytical content of this term remains remarkably unclear. Taking a fresh look at the nature of the TBTF problem in finance, this article offers a coherent framework for understanding the cluster of closely related, but conceptually distinct, regulatory and policy challenges this label actually denotes. It identifies the fundamental paradox at the heart of the TBTF metaphor: TBTF is an entity-centric, micro-level metaphor for a complex of interrelated systemic, macro-level problems. While largely unacknowledged, this inherent tension between the micro and the macro, the entity and the system, critically shapes the design and implementation of the key post-2008 regulatory reforms in the financial sector. To trace these dynamics, the article deconstructs the TBTF metaphor into its two basic components: (1) the “F” factor focused on the “failure” of individual financial firms; and (2) the “B” factor focused on their “bigness” (i.e., relative size and structural significance). Analyzing post-crisis legislative and regulatory efforts to solve the TBTF problem through this simplifying lens reveals critical gaps in that process, which consistently favors the inherently micro-level “F” factor solutions over the more explicitly macro-level “B” factor ones. It also suggests potential ways of rebalancing and expanding the TBTF policy toolkit to encompass a wider range of measures targeting the relevant systemic dynamics in a more direct and assertive manner.
YourAd: A User Aligned, Personal Advertising System

Advertisers have optimized the periphery of our attention to drive complex purchasing behavior, typically using persuasive or rhetorical techniques to promote decisions that are agnostic to our best interest. Instead of serving the ambition of companies with large marketing budgets, what if these techniques were used to reinforce the behaviors and attachments we choose for ourselves? YourAd is an open-source browser extension and design tool that allows users to supplant their internet ads with custom replacements-- designed by and for themselves. YourAd incorporates industry best practices into a platform to facilitate experimentation with user-aligned advertisement ecosystems, probe the limits of their influence, and optimize their design in support of an end user's personal aspiration.
4D flow vs. 2D cardiac MRI for the evaluation of pulmonary regurgitation and ventricular volume in repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a retrospective case control study.

Lengthy exams and breath-holding limit the use of pediatric cardiac MRI (CMR). 3D time-resolved flow MRI (4DF) is a free-breathing, single-sequence exam that obtains magnitude (anatomic) and phase contrast (PC) data. We compare the accuracy of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced 4DF on a 1.5 T magnet to 2D CMR in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) to measure pulmonary net flow (PNF) as a reflection of pulmonary regurgitation, forward flow (FF) and ventricular volumetry. Thirty-four consecutive cases were included. 2D PCs were obtained at the valve level. Using 4DF, we measured PNF at the valve and at the main and branch pulmonary arteries. PNF measured at the valve by 4DF demonstrated the strongest correlation (r = 0.87, p 0.05). Ventricular volumes correlated strongly between 2D and 4DF (r = 0.75–0.96, p < 0.001), though 4DF overestimated right ventricle volumes by 11.8–19.2 mL/beat. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for 2D and 4DF volumetry (ICC = 0.91–0.99). Ejection fraction moderately correlated (r = 0.60–0.75, p < 0.001) with better reliability by 4DF (ICC: 0.80–0.85) than 2D (ICC: 0.69–0.89). 4DF exams were shorter than 2D (9 vs. 71 min, p < 0.001). 4DF provides highly reproducible and accurate measurements of flow with slight overestimation of RV volumes compared to 2D in pediatric rTOF. 4DF offers important advantages in this population with long-term monitoring needs.
Biological Efficacy and Safety of Niacinamide in Patients With ADPKD.

Introduction Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive cyst enlargement, leading to kidney failure. Sirtuin-1 is upregulated in ADPKD and accelerates disease progression by deacetylating p53. Niacinamide is a dietary supplement that inhibits sirtuins at high doses. Methods We conducted an open-label, single-arm intervention trial (study 1, N = 10), and a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled trial (study 2, N = 36) to assess the biological activity and safety of niacinamide. Patients with ADPKD were given 30 mg/kg oral niacinamide or placebo, for 12 months. The primary endpoint was the ratio of acetylated p53 to total p53 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results There was no sustained effect of niacinamide on acetylated/total p53 in either study and no difference between placebo and niacinamide arms. There was no difference in the change in height-adjusted total kidney volume over 12 months between niacinamide and placebo. Niacinamide was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse effects were nausea, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, headache, and acneiform rash but there was no difference in their incidence between niacinamide and placebo. Conclusions In conclusion, niacinamide is safe and well-tolerated in patients with ADPKD. However, we were unable to detect a sustained inhibition of sirtuin activity over 12 months of treatment, and there was no signal to suggest a beneficial effect on any efficacy measure.
Remarks on the Selfadjointness and Related Problems for Differential Operators

This will be a partial survey, with some new results included, of recent results on (essential) selfadjointness problems and their generalizations for linear differential operators. The main topics will be: the (essential) selfadjointness of second-order elliptic operators with oscillating potentials; the (essential) selfadjointness of higher-order elliptic operators; characterization of the domain for nonnegative potentials; the m-accretivity and m-dispersiveness of degenerate-elliptic operators of second order in L P (R m ).
Abstract 13046: Treatment of Highly Sensitized Patients Before Heart Transplant Associated With Long-term Post-transplant Benefit

Introduction: Highly sensitized patients awaiting heart transplantation (HTx) are disadvantaged by a narrow donor pool due to incompatible potential donors. Desensitization therapy has been demonst...
Sex differences in presentation, management, and outcomes among patients hospitalized with acute pulmonary embolism.

While the presence of gender disparities in cardiovascular disease have been described, there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of sex in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We identified all patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital with acute PE between August 1, 2012 through July 1, 2018. We stratified the presenting characteristics, management, and outcomes between women and men. Of the 2031 patients admitted with acute PE, 1081 (53.2%) were women. Women were more likely to present with dyspnea (59.8% vs 52.0%, p 0.05 for all). In this large PE cohort from a tertiary care institution, women had different comorbidity profiles and PE presentations compared with men. Despite these differences, there were no sex disparities in PE management or outcomes.
Comparison of Resident, Advanced Practice Clinician, and Hospitalist Teams in an Academic Medical Center: Association With Clinical Outcomes and Resource Utilization.

BACKGROUND: Academic medical centers have expanded their inpatient medicine services with advanced practice clinicians (APCs) or nonteaching hospitalists in response to patient volumes, residency work hour restrictions, and recently, COVID-19. Reports of clinical outcomes, cost, and resource utilization differ among inpatient team structures. OBJECTIVE: Directly compare outcomes among resident, APC, and solo hospitalist inpatient general medicine teams. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using multivariable analysis adjusted for time of admission, interhospital transfer, and comorbidities that compares clinical outcomes, cost, and resource utilization. SUBJECTS: Patients 18 years or older discharged from an inpatient medicine service between July 2015 and July 2018 (N = 12,716). MAIN MEASURES: Length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission, inpatient mortality, normalized total direct cost, discharge time, and consultation utilization. KEY RESULTS: Resident teams admitted fewer patients at night (32.0%; P < .001) than did APC (49.5%) and hospitalist (48.6%) teams. APCs received nearly 4% more outside transfer patients (P = .015). Hospitalists discharged patients 26 minutes earlier than did residents (mean hours after midnight [95% CI], 14.58 [14.44-14.72] vs 15.02 [14.97-15.08]). Adjusted consult utilization was 15% higher for APCs (adjusted mean consults per admission [95% CI], 1.00 [0.96-1.03]) and 8% higher for residents (0.93 [0.90-0.95]) than it was for hospitalists (0.85 [0.80-0.90]). No differences in LOS, readmission, mortality, or cost were observed between the teams. CONCLUSION: We observed similar costs, LOS, 30-day readmission, and mortality among hospitalist, APC, and resident teams. Our results suggest clinical outcomes are not significantly affected by team structure. The addition of APC or hospitalist teams represent safe and effective alternatives to traditional inpatient resident teams.
The Truth Is Out There: The Prevalence of Conspiracy Theory Use by Radical Violent Extremist Organizations

This project examined conspiracy theory use across three types of groups: radical violent extremists (RVE), nonviolent extremists, and moderates. Using the theory of significance quest, or the desi...
Effect of subclinical mastitis detected in the first month of lactation on somatic cell count linear scores, milk yield, fertility, and culling of dairy cows in certified organic herds

It is well established that subclinical mastitis (SCM), characterized by somatic cell count (SCC) >200,000 cells/mL, has a negative effect on the productivity, reproductive performance, and survivability of cows from conventional dairy herds. However, in organic herds, where the use of antimicrobial drugs is restricted for the treatment and control of intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows, little is known about the effect of SCM on performance and survivability. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SCM diagnosed during the first month of lactation was associated with SCC linear score dynamics, milk production, fertility, and culling of dairy cows in USDA-certified organic herds. We collected data from 2 organic herds in New Mexico and Texas. A total of 1,511 cows that calved between June 2018 and May 2019 were included in the study and were followed until month 10 of the current lactation. Cows with SCC >200,000 cells/mL in the first month of lactation were considered to have SCM. We used mixed linear regression models accounting for repeated measures to assess the effect of SCM on monthly milk production and SCC linear scores. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the effect of SCM on the risk of pregnancy and culling. We considered parity, farm, previous gestation length, stillbirth, twinning, dystocia, and 2- and 3-way interactions as potential confounders. Cows diagnosed with SCM during the first month of lactation produced less milk than cows without SCM. Cows with SCM had elevated SCC linear scores during their previous lactation and throughout the subsequent months of lactation compared to cows without SCM. The effect of SCM on SCC linear scores was more pronounced in multiparous than primiparous cows. Subclinical mastitis during the first month of lactation did not affect the likelihood of pregnancy during the first 300 d in milk. Cows with SCM in the first month were more likely to die or be culled during the 300 d of lactation than cows without SCM. We observed that elevated SCC in the first month of lactation had detrimental effects on the milk yield and survivability of dairy cows in USDA organic herds, but it did not affect reproductive performance. We demonstrated that cows with SCM diagnosed in the first month of lactation continued to have elevated SCC linear scores throughout their entire lactation, and that elevated SCC was carried over from the previous lactation.
Returning to School Following Hospitalization for Suicide-Related Behaviors: Recognizing Student Voices for Improving Practice

Adolescent hospitalizations for suicide-related behaviors have increased in recent years, with the highest rates occurring during the academic school year. Schools are a primary environment that ad...
Thermal Decomposition of Human Waste

A study was undertaken to provide information on which a more rational design of incinerators for human waste can be based. The laboratory techniques and method of data analysis may be adapted to p...
Regularities of the Generation of Plane Fields on Matrix Radar Complexes with Ring Antenna Arrays

Regularities of generation of a plane field are obtained versus size of working area and number of testing fields. It is shown that a minimum number of elements in equidistant ring antenna arrays that make it possible to generate a plane field in the working area can be determined for the given size of the working area.
Stanislavski. Lust for life, a documentary: by Yuliya Bobkova

This new documentary about Stanislavski starts (and continues throughout) with the ominous and ever-rising crescendo underscoring you might find in a crime thriller or a ghost story. The camera ner...
Venous thrombosis recurrence risk according to warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of venous thrombosis.

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects nearly 1 million Americans annually, and many benefit from continued anticoagulation after the initial 3- to 6-month treatment period (secondary prevention). Objectives To determine whether warfarin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban is associated with reduced recurrent VTE hospitalization in the secondary prevention of VTE. Patients/Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of participants enrolled in the MarketScan Insurance Database between 2013 and 2017 in those with an incident VTE. In those individuals who continued oral anticoagulation (warfarin, apixaban, or rivaroxaban) beyond 6 months, we determined the relative rate of recurrent VTE hospitalization. Results Among 119 964 individuals with VTE, 25 419 remained on anticoagulation after 6 months and were matched successfully by age, sex, and date. After adjusting for a propensity score, apixaban versus rivaroxaban (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.94) and apixaban versus warfarin (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-1.00) had a reduced risk of recurrent VTE hospitalization, and rivaroxaban versus warfarin (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.94-1.33) had equivalent rates. For the rivaroxaban versus warfarin comparison there was a significant interaction by renal function (P < .01) where rivaroxaban was associated with a lower risk of recurrent VTE hospitalization (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.41-1.03) in those with kidney disease and increased risk in those without kidney disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50). Conclusions These data suggest that apixaban has a lower recurrent VTE hospitalization rate than rivaroxaban during the secondary prevention of VTE, and further study of diverse patient populations, especially by kidney function, is warranted.
Quantitative Microscopic Morphometry of the Major Components of the Atherosclerotic Plaque

This report has three main goals. The first is to summarize the major components of the advanced atherosclerotic plaque as seen microscopically and to document some of the relatively simple and inexpensive quantitative approaches to micromorphometry of these components. The second is to present a summary of the evidence indicating that the microarchitecture of the plaque is very important in understanding the potential clinical effects of a lesion. The third is to summarize a few of the preliminary quantitative microscopic observations which have been reported from the study of the pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth and to indicate their possible importance in predicting the potential for progression to clinically important disease.
High-Speed Range Estimation Based on Intensity Gradient Analysis

The Intensity Gradient Analysis (IGA) Algorithm obtains depth estimates by analyzing temporal intensity gradients arising from image displacements induced by known camera motion. By using intensity gradients, IGA completely avoids the computationally expensive feature extraction and correspondence steps of conventional approaches and is therefore very fast. Extensive experimentation has been done using IGA, with a strong emphasis on the issues associated with real-world implementation. These issues include the non-ideal nature of conventional CCD sensors, the effects of imaging geometry and the effects of uncertainties in knowledge of the cameras motion parameters on the perceptual capabilities of an IGA-based depth recovery system. The purpose of this work is two-fold. First and foremost it is to present the algorithm itself. IGA is an accurate, vision-based depth recovery algorithm that requires a fraction of the computational effort required by existing techniques. The second is the fact that IGA represents a concrete example of how the so-called "Active Vision" paradigm can be used to simplify a complex task.
Polyalanine Tract Disorders and Neurocognitive Phenotypes

Expansion of polyalanine tracts cause at least 9 inherited human diseases. Eight of these nine diseases are due to expansions in transcription factors and give rise to congenital disorders, many with neurocognitive phenotypes. Disease-causing expansions vary in length depending upon the gene in question, with the severity of the associated clinical phenotype generally increasing with length of the polyalanine tract. The past decade has seen considerable progress in the understanding on how these mutations may arise and the functional effect of expanded polyalanine tracts on the resulting protein. Despite this progress, the pathogenic mechanism of expanded polyalanine tracts contributing to the associated disease states remains poorly understood. Gaining insights into the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of different expanded polyalanine tract mutations will be a necessary step on the path to the design of potential treatment strategies for the associated diseases.
Absorption of Water and Electrolytes in Crohn's Disease of the Colon

Colonic absorption of sodium, potassium, chloride, and water was studied in 8 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon (granulomatous colitis) by a perfusion technique using polyethylene glycol 4000 and radioisotopes as markers. Compared with 3 healthy control subjects, net absorption of sodium, chloride, and water was decreased. Insorption of sodium and water was also decreased; potassium fluxes were not significantly altered. Absorption in 3 patients tested both pre- and postoperatively and in 5 others tested periodically after bypass ileostomy did not improve, despite clinical remission.
The immunopathology of systemic sclerosis.

This article is a contribution to the Special Issue on Immunopathology of systemic sclerosis – Guest Editors: Jacob M. van Laar and John Varga