cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust partitional clustering by outlier and density insensitive seeding

The leading partitional clustering technique, k-means, is one of the most computationally efficient clustering methods. However, it produces a local optimal solution that strongly depends on its initial seeds. Bad initial seeds can also cause the splitting or merging of natural clusters even if the clusters are well separated. In this paper, we propose, ROBIN, a novel method for initial seed selection in k-means types of algorithms. It imposes constraints on the chosen seeds that lead to better clustering when k-means converges. The constraints make the seed selection method insensitive to outliers in the data and also assist it to handle variable density or multi-scale clusters. Furthermore, they (constraints) make the method deterministic, so only one run suffices to obtain good initial seeds, as opposed to traditional random seed selection approaches that need many runs to obtain good seeds that lead to satisfactory clustering. We did a comprehensive evaluation of ROBIN against state-of-the-art seeding methods on a wide range of synthetic and real datasets. We show that ROBIN consistently outperforms existing approaches in terms of the clustering quality.
Physiological Disposition of Fenoprofen in Man I: Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Calcium and Sodium Salts Administered Orally

Because orally administered dl-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-propionic acid, fenoprofen, may be useful for maintenance anti-inflammatory/analgesic therapy in man, evaluations were begun of certain pharmacokinetic parameters related to the absorption and disposition of this compound. This study compares these parameters for two salts of fenoprofen. A two-compartment open model was used to analyze plasma concentration data; the model accurately described the plasma levels following oral administration of sodium and calcium fenoprofen. A one-compartment model also provided reasonably accurate descriptions and was used to simulate plasma concentrations in multiple-dose situations from single-dose data. Under the conditions of the study, fenoprofen, administered orally as the sodium or calcium salt, was readily absorbed from the GI tract; however, absorption after the calcium salt was delayed slightly compared to the sodium salt. The bioavailability, distribution, and elimination of fenoprofen appeared to be independent of the salt form of the drug.
Organic electro-optic materials: some unique opportunities

Recent use of quantum mechanics to guide the improvement of molecular hyperpolarizability and the use of statistical mechanical analysis of the effects of intermolecular electrostatic interactions to improve the acentric ordering of organic chromophores has led to the realization of electro-optic coefficients, r33, greater than 100 pm/V (at telecommunication wavelengths). This material design and development paradigm is likely to lead to further improvement in electro-optic activity, which will in turn facilitate the development of a variety of electro-optic devices with drive (Vπ) voltage requirements of less than one volt. The utility of organic electro-optic materials for development of high bandwidth devices is now well documented. What is less obvious is the utility of organic electro-optic materials for the fabrication of complex (including conformal, flexible, and three-dimensional) device structures. In this communication, we review recent improvements in electro-optic activity; thermal and photochemical stability; and processability of organic electro-optic materials and the use of these materials to fabricate conformal and flexible electro-optic devices and devices based upon single and multiple coupled ring microresonators.
Nestmate recognition in honey bees

Abstract The recognition cues by which nestmate worker honeybees are discriminated from nonnestmates were investigated using new experimental techniques. The experiments described in this paper support the contention that the recognition cue is acquired prior to emergence as an adult. The cue probably has a genetic, rather than an environmental, source. Previous findings, which indicated that worker honeybees are recognized on the basis of environmentally acquired odours, do not contradict this result. Rather, bees probably use whatever cues are available for recognition. When environmental odour sources are carefully controlled, cues remain that allow discrimination of nestmate versus nonnestmate individuals.
Acoustic cardiographic electromechanical activation time correlates with echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular contractility in patients with myocardial ischemia

resource. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of telemetry monitoring guidelines in predicting clinically significant arrhythmias. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 562 patients admitted to the telemetry unit. Differences in the arrhythmia event rates was determined between the patients whose monitoring was appropriately indicated by the guidelines compared with the group in which monitoring was not indicated by the guidelines. In addition to tabulating the absolute number of arrhythmias, the clinical significance of the arrhythmiaswas also determined. Arrhythmiaswere defined as clinically significant if there was an intervention or change in management, such as a change in drug type or dosage; cardioversion; electrophysiological study; or transfer to an intensive care unit. Results: Fifty-one (12%) vs six (4%) patients had at least one arrhythmic event on telemetry in the indicated group compared with the telemetry not indicated group. None of the patients in the group whom telemetry was not indicated had a clinically significant arrhythmia. In contrast though, in patients in the indicated group who had at least one arrhythmic event, 36% of these events were clinically significant with P b .001. Conclusion: This study supports the effectiveness and utility of telemetry guidelines and reinforces the fact, patients not meriting the criteria for cardiac monitoring are unlikely to have clinically significant arrhythmic event. Even if they did have an arrhythmic event it would be very unlikely to be clinically significant that would change patient management in any way.
Stability and alignability of cascaded tuned amplifiers

A measure of the alignment sensitivity for multistage tunedinput tuned-output amplifiers is proposed and shown to be related to well-known stability criteria for two-port networks.
The impact of transtelephonic documentation of arrhythmia on morbidity and mortality rate in sudden death survivors.

Abstract A post hospital follow-up system based on predetermined antiarrhythmic strategies and telephone transmitters used to record ECGs was helpful in managing post hospital course and improved survival in patients with a history of out-of-hospital sudden death. All patients underwent therapy guided by serial electrophysiologic testing. Of the 47 patients, 19 used the telephone transmitter system and 28 did not. During follow-up, residual symptomatic and silent ventricular arrhythmia was documented in 78% of patients using telephone transmitters. Ventricular tachycardia was transmitted in six patients—all survived. During an average 15-month follow-up, 1 of 19 patients using the telephone transmitter system died vs 12 deaths among the 28 patients who did not use the system (p
Universal Health Care, American Style: A Single Fund Approach to Health Care Reform

With increasing momentum for health care reform, attention is shifting to finance reform that will provide for direct methods for controlling health care spending. This article outlines the two principal paths to direct cost control and outlines a national plan that retains our multiple sources of payment, yet also contains a powerful direct cost control technique: a single fund to finance all health care.
The effects of monocular lid suture upon the development of the visual cortex in squirrels (Sciureus carolinensis).

Three infant squirrels had the lids of one eye sutured prior to eye opening. The animals were killed when they were adults and the cells in the visual cortex were studied after Nissl staining. On the side contralateral to the suture, the cortical nerve cells were more closely packed than on the side of the suture. This asymmetry was clearly evident in cortical layers II–VI, and it was as marked in the regions of cortex receiving from the monocular crescent of the visual field as it was in the binocular segments. Thus, these cortical changes cannot be dependent upon the geniculate cell changes, since the latter occur in the binocular but not the monocular segments of the nucleus.
Software tutors for scaffolding on Planet Oit

Planet Oit is a multiuser virtual environment used to teach geologic concepts and the scientific method. It is built on a structured system of modules and goals arranged so that students have freedom, but have direction as well. Intelligent software tutors explain geologic concepts, guide the players in achieving their goals, and assist them in understanding the environment. Planet Oit and its system of goals, tutors, and scaffolding are described.
Isolation of the Cdc45/Mcm2–7/GINS (CMG) complex, a candidate for the eukaryotic DNA replication fork helicase

The protein Cdc45 plays a critical but poorly understood role in the initiation and elongation stages of eukaryotic DNA replication. To study Cdc45's function in DNA replication, we purified Cdc45 protein from Drosophila embryo extracts by a combination of traditional and immunoaffinity chromatography steps and found that the protein exists in a stable, high-molecular-weight complex with the Mcm2-7 hexamer and the GINS tetramer. The purified Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS complex is associated with an active ATP-dependent DNA helicase function. RNA interference knock-down experiments targeting the GINS and Cdc45 components establish that the proteins are required for the S phase transition in Drosophila cells. The data suggest that this complex forms the core helicase machinery for eukaryotic DNA replication.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn. IV. Bacteriophage PB21 and its inhibitory effect on tumor induction.

Strain B2 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn produces plaques when seeded against strain B6-806 of the same organism. From such a plaque, a highly virulent bacteriophage was obtained by use of D9Herelle9s technique of selecting for virulent phage. On nutrient agar, this phage, PB2 1 , produced large clear plaques which did not overgrow. Plaques produced on a glutamate medium and on White9s plant tissue culture medium were even larger and in White9s medium had a three-dimensional appearance. PB2 1 does not appear to be an oncogenic virus. To the contrary, the addition of phage under circumstances which insure mass lysis completely inhibited tumor initiation. Fewer than 10 phage particles present at the beginning of a 21-hr induction period were able, at times, to inhibit completely tumor induction by highly virulent bacteria (strain B6). The data lend further support to the concept that anything which interferes with the metabolic activity associated with the growth of the bacteria interferes with the tumor-inducing process. Attempts to use the phage to rid crown gall tissue of bacteria were unsuccessful. Images
Conjugate natural convection about a vertical cylindrical fin with lateral mass flux in a saturated porous medium

The problem of conjugate natural convection about a vertical cylindrical fin with uniform lateral mass flux in a fluid-saturated porous medium has been studied numerically. Solutions based on the third level of truncation are obtained by the local nonsimilarity method. The effects of the surface mass flux, the conjugate convection-conduction parameter, and the surface curvature on fin temperature distribution, local heat transfer coefficient, local heat flux, average heat transfer coefficient, and total heat transfer rate are presented. A comparison with finite-difference solutions for the case of constant wall temperature was made, and found in a good agreement.
Immune function and health outcomes in women with depression

This research reports immune function and health outcomes in women with depression, as compared with a non-depressed control group. Using Psychoneuroimmunolgy theory and a descriptive comparison design, scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to divide 40 non-hospitalized Caucasian women between the ages of 18 and 65 years into either the control or depression comparison group. Women with depression were found to report significantly more incidences of illness over the previous two months and they were found to have significantly more indicators of illness at the time of the exam as compared to the controls. However, contrary to what has been documented in some earlier studies of depression, women with depression were not found to have significantly different immune function measures as compared to the control group. There was also no significant correlation between scores on the BDI and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in this study. While these findings support a connection between depression and both increased self-report of illness and increased signs and symptoms of minor illness or inflammation on physical exam, this study was not able to document that these effects were related to decreased immune function, as measured by natural killer cell activity or white blood cell counts.
Role of two stage pyrolysis in fire growth on flexible polyurethane foam slabs

SUMMARY A series of experiments designed to characterize fire behavior on flat 1.2 m × 1.2 m samples of commercial non-fire-retarded flexible polyurethane foam were performed. Time-resolved heat release and mass loss rates were measured. Experimental parameters varied, including foam thickness (5.1 and 10.2 cm) and burning angle (+25°, +12.5°, 0°, −12.5°, and −25°). Polyurethane foam is typically produced by reacting a multifunctional isocyanate with a polyol. The foam used here was formed by reacting toluene diisocyanate and a polyol based on a condensed polyether of polypropylene oxide. Earlier cone calorimeter studies of this foam had revealed a clear two stage pyrolysis behavior in which the heated foam first released a gaseous fuel derived from the isocyanate component, while leaving behind a liquid produced primarily from the polyol, which only gasified and burned following additional heating. The subsequent burning behavior of the polyol-derived liquid is shown in this work to play a crucial role in the maximum heat release rate and total heat released by the fires spreading across the foam slabs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: interplay between noncoding RNAs and protein-coding genes

One of the most unexpected and fascinating discoveries in oncology over the past few years is the interplay between abnormalities in protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that is causally involved in cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory ncRNAs, are involved in the pathogenesis of all types of human cancers, including leukemias, mainly via dysregulation of expression of cancer genes. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs can work as tumor suppressors (inhibiting malignant potential) or oncogenes (activating malignant potential). Researchers first identified this new paradigm of molecular oncology in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Understanding the roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in leukemic cells is not only uncovering a new layer of gene regulation but also providing new markers for improved diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic options for CLL patients. Herein we focus on the roles of miRNAs and ultraconserved ncRNA genes in CLL, highlighting what is already known about their function, proposing a novel model of CLL predisposition and progression, and describing the challenges for the near future.
Heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis and first isolate of the species outside of Asia

This study reports on the discovery of heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis) and it extends the range of this species from Asia to the United States. We report on a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis, involving the forearms of a cotton farmer from North Carolina, in which the infection was cured using amphotericin B therapy. Intraspecific crosses between the North Carolina strain DUMC 150.04 and M. irregularis CBS 103.93, the ex-type strain of R. variabilis var. variabilis from China, resulted in the formation of abundant fertile zygospores. By way of contrast, interspecific crosses between the North Carolina isolate and the ex-neotype strain of M. hiemalis NRRL 3624 resulted in the formation of putative azygospores by M. irregularis DUMC 150.04.
Select Nontarget Arthropod Abundance in Transgenic and Nontransgenic Field Crops in Ohio

Nontarget arthropod populations were monitored in both transgenic and nontransgenic corn and soybean fields in western and central Ohio. A total of 24 fields, 12 corn and 12 soybean, were inspected weekly from late June through mid August. Half of the cornfields were Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) hybrids and half of the soybean fields were Roundup Ready (RR). Sweep net samples in soybean fields and unbaited Pherocon AM yellow sticky traps in both soybean and cornfields were used to collect nontarget arthropods. Soil samples were also taken from all 24 fields to compare soil mite populations. A select group of 15 readily identifiable arthropods composed mainly of beneficial insects commonly found in field crops, were recorded in weekly sweep net and sticky trap samples for later analysis. Sweep net data from soybean fields revealed no significant differences in nontarget arthropods. Yellow sticky trap data from soybean and corn fields found significantly more green lacewing adults (Chrysopa spp.) in six pooled non-RR soybean fields, significantly more rove beetles in one non-Bt cornfield, and significantly more Orius spp. in one Bt cornfield. There were also significantly more soil inhabiting mites at one non-RR soybean field. Based on the abundance of these arthropod populations in paired transgenic and nontransgenic fields, few negative effects on the 15 nontarget arthropods selected can be directly associated with transgenic soybean and corn crops in Ohio.
A novel complete radiation protection system eliminates physician radiation exposure and leaded aprons

Background Occupational health hazards associated with fluoroscopic-based procedures are well known, including a high prevalence of orthopedic problems, and those related to radiation exposure, particularly cancer and cataracts. This article reports the “first-in-man” clinical experience with a novel radiation protection system designed to eliminate radiation exposure to operators and thereby obviate the need for orthopedically burdensome leaded aprons. The Trinity Radiation Protection System consists of a combination of fixed shields, radiation drapes, and interconnecting flexible radiation resistant materials creating a complete radiation protection environment for the operators, yet maintaining full and unimpeded contact with the patient and total control of all operational elements of the catheterization equipment. Methods and Results This report constitutes an analysis of 19 nonrandomized cases in which operator radiation exposure data were collected (Trinity Radiation Protection System n = 10 cases versus standard shielding alone n = 9). In all cases performed with the Trinity System, there was neither any measurable significant radiation exposure in any anatomic region nor for the total case, whereas operators performing cases with standard shielding were exposed to radiation in all regions of their bodies (total per case exposure differences P < 0.0001). Conclusion The novel radiation protection system described is the first to provide a complete radiation barrier that eliminates radiation exposure to operators, thereby obviating the need for orthopedically burdensome leaded aprons. This approach to radiation protection has promise to enhance the safety and occupational health of medical personnel in the catheterization laboratory. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A zero knowledge alternative for bootstrapping trust

Message authentication is a critical task in wireless sensor applications not only because it is a basic building block to ensure the authenticity of information but also a prerequisite for bootstrapping cryptographic secrets. Authentication has been explored extensively in the literature, however, the insecure environment within a fabric where multiple users and applications coexist, and limitations in the hardware pose new challenge for this problem. In this paper, we define a new zero knowledge proof problem in which (1) no memory of neighboring certificates is required; and (2) there is no central verification. We then discuss the properties of any potential solution, and propose a practical scheme that allows zero knowledge proof of the identity of each individual node. A notable merit of this scheme is that even if some nodes are compromised, the rest of the system remains secure. We believe this scheme can satisfy the security requirements in many emerging sensor network applications with proper parameter selection.
Stochastic Network Design in Bidirected Trees

We investigate the problem of stochastic network design in bidirected trees. In this problem, an underlying phenomenon (e.g., a behavior, rumor, or disease) starts at multiple sources in a tree and spreads in both directions along its edges. Actions can be taken to increase the probability of propagation on edges, and the goal is to maximize the total amount of spread away from all sources. Our main result is a rounded dynamic programming approach that leads to a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS), that is, an algorithm that can find (1 — e)-optimal solutions for any problem instance in time polynomial in the input size and 1/e. Our algorithm outperforms competing approaches on a motivating problem from computational sustainability to remove barriers in river networks to restore the health of aquatic ecosystems.
Absorption, electrodialysis, and additional regeneration in two flue gas SO2/NOx cleanup processes

Two new processes that can each simultaneously remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gas by wet scrubbing with a liquor that contains an SO2-removal agent and a metal chelate for NOx removal are described. They are similar, except for different by-products. In both, the spent scrubbing liquor is regenerated with respect to sulfur by an electrodialysis stack employing cation- and anion-selective membranes. Sulfate salts are produced as by-products. Experimentally, the liquor has been regenerated with respect to NOx removal ability by holding it at elevated temperature, but the mechanism is not well understood.
Problem management process, filling the gap in the systems engineering processes between the risk and opportunity processes

Problem Management is not recognized as a Systems Engineering process. Unlike risk management, where risks could impact a project at some future date, problems impact the project now. Therefore, a robust Problem Management process should be established (similar to the risk management process described in Chapter 5 of the INCOSE handbook [Hamelin, Walden, and Krueger, INCOSE systems engineering handbook v3.2: Improving the process for SE practitioners, INCOSE, Seattle, WA, 2010]) early in a projects formulation. The process should be continuous throughout all phases of the project life cycle and should be included as a part of the project System Engineering Management Plan. The process should, at a minimum, address: problem identification, problem assessment, problem root cause investigation, problem corrective action planning, reporting, a roll-up of all current problems, problem closure, and a strong interface with the project's knowledge management system. This paper proposes a Problem Management process based on the foundations of risk and opportunity management which could be used by corporations, government agencies, and programs to establish a robust problem management process for use on their projects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributed Cost Boosting and Bounds on Mis-classification Cost

Many classification algorithms (such as Adaboost) aim to minimize training error, that is, the ratio of the number of mis-classified examples to the total number of examples. However, it is often desirable to minimize a more general cost metric, where distinct examples have different costs. For example, in industrial inspection, the cost of clearing a defective part is substantially greater than the cost of incorrectly alarming on a good part. Further, defects themselves vary in severity and, hence, cost. Extending boosting algorithms to account for this variable cost (cost-sensitive boosting) has been attempted by a number of investigators, resulting in a number of Adaboost variants, including AdaCost, Asymboost, CSB0, CSB1, and CSB2. These algorithms all focus only on the distribution update step in Adaboost-leaving the error computation step unchanged (or only indirectly modified). In this paper, we present a novel algorithm, termed "distributed cost boosting" (DCB), that incorporates the cost metric into the error computation step, rather than merely adjusting the distribution update step. DCB produces large empirical reductions in total cost when compared to current state-ofthe- art cost-sensitive Adaboost variants. Further, we show that distributed cost boosting provides error bounds on misclassification cost similar to AdaBoosts bounds on training error rate.
CATiB: The Columbia Arabic Treebank

The Columbia Arabic Treebank (CATiB) is a database of syntactic analyses of Arabic sentences. CATiB contrasts with previous approaches to Arabic treebanking in its emphasis on speed with some constraints on linguistic richness. Two basic ideas inspire the CATiB approach: no annotation of redundant information and using representations and terminology inspired by traditional Arabic syntax. We describe CATiB's representation and annotation procedure, and report on inter-annotator agreement and speed.
Zinc and tetrathiomolybdate for the treatment of Wilson’s disease and the potential efficacy of anticopper therapy in a wide variety of diseases

Wilson’s disease, an autosomal recessive disease of copper accumulation and copper toxicity primarily in the liver and brain, has been the engine that has driven the development of anticopper drugs. Here we first briefly review Wilson’s disease, then review the four anticopper drugs used to treat Wilson’s disease. We then discuss the results of therapy with anticopper drugs in Wilson’s disease, with special emphasis on the newer and better drugs, zinc and tetrathiomolybdate. We then discuss new areas of anticopper therapy, lowering copper availability with tetrathiomolybdate as a therapy in fibrotic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Many of the cytokines which promote these disorders are copper dependent, and lowering copper availability lessens the activity of these cytokines, favorably influencing a variety of disease processes. Copper in the blood can be thought of as in two pools. One pool is covalently bound in ceruloplasmin, a protein containing six coppers, synthesized by the liver and secreted into the blood. Ceruloplasmin copper accounts for almost 85 to 90% of the blood copper in normal people. This copper is tightly bound and not readily available for cellular uptake and copper toxicity. The other 10–15% of copper is more loosely bound to albumin and other small molecules in the blood, and is readily and freely available to cells and available to cause copper toxicity, if this pool of copper is increased. We call this latter pool of copper “free” copper because of its more ready availability. However, it should be understood that it is not completely free, always being bound to albumin and other molecules. It is this pool of free copper that is greatly expanded in untreated Wilson’s patients undergoing copper toxicity.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal Malignancy

The skin often mirrors changes in the organism it envelops. Many neoplastic diseases that affect internal organs display cutaneous manifestations, which may be the presenting signs and symptoms of the underlying malignancy. These may reflect direct involvement of the skin by the tumor (ie, tumor metastasis) or indirect involvement, in which changes in the skin occur in the absence of malignant cells. This review focuses on the latter conditions, which are often referred to as paraneoplastic dermatoses. Included in the discussion are the cutaneous manifestations of inherited syndromes that are associated with an increased risk of internal malignancy, cutaneous changes in patients with hormone-secreting tumors, and the wide spectrum of proliferative and inflammatory dermatoses that have been associated with internal cancer.
Quality of Life, Body Image and Sexual Functioning in Bariatric Surgery Patients.

This article provides an overview of the literature on quality of life, body image and sexual behaviour in individuals with extreme obesity and who undergo bariatric surgery. Quality of life is a psychosocial construct that includes multiple domains, including health-related quality of life, weight-related quality of life, as well as other psychological constructs such as body image and sexual functioning. A large literature has documented the impairments in quality of life and these other domains in persons with obesity and extreme obesity in particular. These impairments are believed to play an influential role in the decision to undergo bariatric surgery. Individuals who undergo bariatric surgery typically report significant improvements in these and other areas of psychosocial functioning, often before they reach their maximum weight loss. The durability of these changes as patients maintain or regain weight, however, is largely unknown. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The Sheer Stress of Straightening the Curves: Biomechanics of Bioabsorbable Stents

Although the development of drug-eluting stents has been an important advancement in the treatment of coronary artery disease, a residual, permanent metallic and polymeric implant remains imbedded in the coronary vasculature, prompting concerns of delayed healing, long-term endothelial dysfunction,
Deformability of Anisotropic Rocks

Laboratory and in situ testing have shown that the deformability of anisotropic rocks varies with spatial orientation. This characteristic must be included into any theoretical model that is supposed to simulate their behavior. The purpose of this chapter is twofold: (i) to review the constitutive relations available for anisotropic media and analyze their applicability to rocks, (ii) to review the in situ and laboratory testing procedures to assess the deformability of anisotropic rocks.
Quality of Life of Long-Term Survivors of Leukemia and Lymphoma

This study examined quality of life among long-term survivors of leukemia and lymphoma. Analyses of data collected from a standardized instrument designed specifically for cancer survivors and from in-depth face-to-face interviews suggest that long-term survivors experience positive outcomes as a result of their cancer experience along with long-term physical and psychosocial sequelae. The author concludes that quality-of-life outcomes partially may be a function of the cognitive frame or meaning that survivors attribute to their experience. Ensuring adequate care and attention to the needs of long-term survivors requires an understanding of the effects of disease on quality of life as well as the varied ways in which long-term survivors adapt and live the remainder of their lives.
A Mortality Study of Workers Employed at the Monsanto Company Plant in Nitro, West Virginia

The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a highly toxic impurity that is formed in trace quantities during the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Exposure to TCDD can cause chloracne, a skin disorder characterized by comedones, cysts, and abscesses.1 Outbreaks of chloracne have been reported among workers associated with the production of 2,4,5-T and 2,4,5-T based products. Such incidents resulting from both accidental and routine occupational exposures have been reported from several countries.2
Effect of carbon-black loading and crosslink density on the heat build-up in elastomers

Abstract It has been shown that it is possible to predict the viscoelastic response of elastomers and elastomeric engineering components under both load- and position-control conditions if one assumes: a) that the modulus of the materials increases with the strain amplification factor as given by the Guth and Gold equation, b) that the occluded rubber is taken into account when using this equation, and c) that the energy loss per cycle and unit volume of material is increasing with the square of the strain-amplification factor. These calculations were applied to an assembly where one unfilled section is in series with a filled one. The overall filler loading was kept constant, and it was found that the equations derived show completely different heat-generation rates for load- and position-control conditions. While the losses are the same in both sections and equal to that of the assembly as a whole under position-control conditions, they are quite different under load-control conditions. They increase wi...
Unidirectional Lasing from Template-Stripped Two-Dimensional Plasmonic Crystals

Plasmon lasers support cavity structures with sizes below that of the diffraction limit. However, most plasmon-based lasers show bidirectional lasing emission or emission with limited far-field directionality and large radiative losses. Here, we report unidirectional lasing from ultrasmooth, template-stripped two-dimensional (2D) plasmonic crystals. Optically pumped 2D plasmonic crystals (Au or Ag) surrounded by dye molecules exhibited lasing in a single emission direction and their lasing wavelength could be tuned by modulating the dielectric environment. We found that 2D plasmonic crystals were an ideal architecture to screen how nanocavity unit-cell structure, metal material, and gain media affected the lasing response. We discovered that template-stripped strong plasmonic materials with cylindrical posts were an optimal cavity design for a unidirectional laser operating at room temperature.
When Land Owns People

This article explains why the author coined the word "ownee" to explain the relationship of traditional Australian Aboriginals to land in a report commissioned by the Australian Government. A similar relationship is found in a number of other traditional indigenous cultures. The belief system that allows land to have power over people means that there need not necessarily be a conflict with a culture that recognises proprietary rights of ownership. In this way the word ownee" can provide a way to minimise conflicts between the two cultures.
MITOCHONDRIAL‐DNA RESTRICTION‐SITE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE TELEOST FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS SUPPORT SECONDARY INTERGRADATION

Fundulus heteroclitus is a highly polymorphic fish distributed along the Atlantic coast of North America. Several loci show directional changes in gene frequency with latitude (i.e., clines). Such directional changes have classically been described by two general models: primary and secondary intergradation. Previously, it has not been possible to distinguish between these models for Fundulus heteroclitus on the basis of allelic isozymes or morphological data. However, recent analysis of mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) restriction electromorphs helps resolve this issue. Mitochondrial-DNA samples from 48 individuals representing four populations were digested with 17 restriction endonucleases. After electrophoresis, the sizes of the mtDNA fragments were used to analyze the phylogenetic relatedness of fish collected over most of the species range. The analysis clearly identified two major races within the species: a northern and a southern form. The distribution of the mtDNA electromorphs, combined with zoogeographical changes in allelic isozymes and in eggs and adult morphologies (published elsewhere), makes the secondary-intergradation hypothesis most compelling.
Epidemiologic Diagnosis and Management of Typhoid Fever

The purpose of this contribution is to present particularly the results of application of all available measures in an epidemic of typhoid fever; however, the diagnosis of the source and the associated studies which were made in this instance are of sufficient importance to warrant their presentation. In accordance with the instructions of Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, Commissioner of Health, the writer proceeded to Troy, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, on October I2, I912, in order to investigate the reported prevalence of the disease in question. The Borough is a very old one and the citizens are, for the most part, retired agriculturists, dairymen or employees of three principal industries, the Troy Engine and Machine Company, the Troy Tanning Company, and the Troy Creamery Company. From a financial point, the Borough is considered the most thriving municipality in Bradford County. There are many wealthy residents. The population has varied but little during a period of 30 years; in 1890o the United States Census Reports recorded a population of 1,307; in i900, 1,450; and in 1910, 1,288. The census made by inspectors of the State Department of Health during October, 1912, recorded a population of 1,343. This Borough has previously been practically free from typhoid fever; one case was reported during 1911 and none during the months of 1912 prior to the epidemic. The township of Troy surrounds the Borough and the major portion of the watershed of the West Branch of Sugar Creek. During a period of io years there have been but two cases of typhoid fever reported from premises located on the West Branch of Sugar Creek and its tributaries. The first case occurred during 1904, and the patient has not resided on the watershed during the past three or four years. The second
Linker-Directed Vertex Desymmetrization for the Production of Coordination Polymers with High Porosity

Five non-interpenetrated microporous coordination polymers (MCPs) are derived by vertex desymmetrization using linkers with symmetry inequivalent coordinating groups, and these MCPs include properties such as rare metal clusters, new network topologies, and supramolecular isomerism. Gas sorption in polymorphic frameworks, UMCM-152 and UMCM-153 (based upon a copper-coordinated tetracarboxylated triphenylbenzene linker), reveals nearly identical properties with BET surface areas in the range of 3300−3500 m2/g and excess hydrogen uptake of 5.7 and 5.8 wt % at 77 K. In contrast, adsorption of organosulfur compounds dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) shows remarkably different capacities, providing direct evidence that liquid-phase adsorption is not solely dependent on surface area or linker/metal cluster identity. Structural features present in MCPs derived from these reduced symmetry linkers include the presence of more than one type of Cu-paddlewheel in a structure derived from ...
Book Review: Bryk, A., Sebring, P. B., Allensworth, E., Luppescu, S., & Easton, J. (2009). Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons from Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

The pressures on educators to effectively and expeditiously redress educational inequities continue to mount across sectors. From the popular press to the conference proceedings, clarion calls to r...
Biomass Catalytic Pyrolysis on Ni/ZSM-5: Effects of Nickel Pretreatment and Loading

In this work, Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts with varied nickel loadings were evaluated for their ability to produce aromatic hydrocarbons by upgrading of pine pyrolysis vapors. The effect of catalyst pretreatment by hydrogen reduction was also investigated. Results indicate that the addition of nickel increases the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons while simultaneously increasing the conversion of oxygenates, relative to ZSM-5, and these effects are more pronounced with increasing nickel loading. Additionally, while initial activity differences were observed between the oxidized and reduced forms of nickel on ZSM-5 (i.e., NiO/ZSM-5 versus Ni/ZSM-5), the activity of both catalysts converges with increasing time on stream. These reaction results coupled with characterization of pristine and spent catalysts suggest that the catalysts reach similar active states during catalytic pyrolysis, regardless of pretreatment, as NiO undergoes in situ reduction to Ni by biomass pyrolysis vapors. This reduction of NiO to Ni was confi...
Application of Delphi Method to the Screening of Hygienic Indicators for Household Water Purify Systems

[Objective]To sift through the hygienic indicators for better guidance in management and maintenance of household water purify systems.[Methods]The improved Delphi method was adopted to screen indicators.The first-round consultation form was based on literature review and pollution characteristics of household water purify systems in Shanghai.Twenty-two experts from relevant fields were invited to the consultation.The form content was adjusted according to the feedbacks and delivered to the experts again.Consultation stopped when experts reached a consensus.[Results]The responding rates of the 2 consultation rounds were both 100%,and the authoritative coefficients of experts were 0.80 and 0.81,respectively.The coordination coefficient of the first round was 0.174(χ2=6.39,P0.05),and the final coordination coefficient was 0.835(χ2=19.89,0.05P0.10).The concentration degree of engaged experts’ views and the consensus for 14 indicators were considered at a high level.[Conclusion]The Delphi method is feasible to screen hygienic indicators for household water purify systems and the indicators obtained are acceptable in hygiene evaluation and daily management.
Development of a gas–solid drag law for clustered particles using particle-resolved direct numerical simulation

Abstract Particle-resolved direct numerical simulation (PR-DNS) is used to quantify the drag force on clustered particle configurations over the solid phase volume fraction range of 0.1 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.35 and the mean slip Reynolds number range of 0.01 ≤ Re m ≤ 50 . The particle configurations and flow parameters correspond to gas–solid suspensions of Geldart A particles in which formation of clusters have been reported. In our PR-DNS, we use clustered particle configurations that match cluster statistics observed in experimental studies. To generate the particle configurations, we perform discrete element method (DEM) simulations of homogeneous cooling gas (HCG) systems with cohesive and inelastic particles in the absence interstitial fluid. Clustered particle sub-ensembles are then extracted from HCG simulations to match the statistics of cluster size distributions observed in experiments. These sub-ensembles are used for PR-DNS. It is found that the mean drag on clustered configurations decreases when compared to the drag laws for uniform particle configurations. The maximum drag reduction is observed in the configuration with low solid-phase volume fraction ϕ = 0.1 in Stokes flow, and is about 35 % . The drag reduction reduces with increase in both ϕ and Re m . A clustering metric is introduced to explain the behavior of the drag reduction with respect to solid-phase volume fraction. Also the behavior of the drag reduction with mean slip Reynolds number is related to the Brinkman screening length. PR-DNS results are then used to propose a clustered drag model for the range of flow parameters considered in this study. This clustered drag model provides a smooth transition between the uniform and clustered states by means of a weighting function with two model parameters.
Matched Case‐Control Studies with a Variable Number of Controls Per Case

SUMMARY Previous authors have analysed case-control studies where the cases are individually matched to a fixed number of controls. This is extended here to allow the matching ratio to vary; this can occur by design, by censoring, or in an interim data analysis. Statistics are derived to test the case-control difference for both binary and continuous variables; the power functions and required sample sizes are also given. Finally the effect of the matching ratio on cost-efficiency is discussed. Examples of the calculations are shown using data on Hodgkin's disease.
The Early Years of Michael Cole Jensen

The advantage of corporations have only been discovered over the last couple of centuries and described and appreciated over the past couple of generations. While John Burr Williams may have explained how a corporation might be valued based on expected future cash flows, and Ronald Coase taught us the importance of property rights and transactions costs, some new thinking was necessary to more fully explain why corporations have advantages, and some disadvantages, over alternative market-based institutions. The majority of those in any field apply conventional wisdom, or perhaps elaborate on this wisdom at its edges. Great minds often reject conventional wisdom and replace it with new and often revolutionary ideas. It is an interesting academic question how these great minds develop novel intuitions. Perhaps the new thinking for Michael Cole Jensen epitomizes a heritage of pioneers who originally settled a new country and who came from the old to the new, attracted by an economic engine like the world has never seen before.
RECENT ADVANCES IN CARDIAC PHARMACOLOGY

Summary The general surgical population has become increasingly complex. In caring for these patients with advanced cardiac failure and ischemic myocardial disease, new inotropic, anti-ischemic, and antidysrhythmic drugs are becoming available. The potency and rapidity of action of the new cardiac drugs described in this article make them attractive for use in the perioperative period. Milrinone, a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is an inodilator with potentially fewer side effects than its congener amrinone. Dopexamine's unique advantages of inotropism and renal protection need further elucidation but may potentially be useful in major vascular surgery. Enalaprilat has enjoyed success as an IV arterial vasodilator in hypertension and congestive heart failure states. Lastly, adenosine is currently widely used to treat SVT and has the benefit of an extremely short half-life and relatively few adverse effects.
In Search of a Class of Representatives for SU -Cobordism Using the Witten Genus

OF DISSERTATION In Search of a Class of Representatives for SU -Cobordism Using the Witten Genus In algebraic topology, we work to classify objects. My research aims to build a better understanding of one important notion of classification of differentiable manifolds called cobordism. Cobordism is an equivalence relation, and the equivalence classes in cobordism form a graded ring, with operations disjoint union and Cartesian product. My dissertation studies this graded ring in two ways: 1. by attempting to find preferred class representatives for each class in the ring. 2. by computing the image of the ring under an interesting ring homomorphism called the Witten Genus.
Development: For cloche the Bell Tolls.

A recent publication identifies npas4l as the gene defective in the well-known cloche mutant that lacks most endothelial as well as hematopoietic cells. This work poses intriguing questions as to the genetic and molecular nature of the origin of hemato-vascular lineages during early embryogenesis.