cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
curlybot: designing a new class of computational toys

We introduce an educational toy, called curlybot, as the basis for a new class of toys aimed at children in their early stages of development — ages four and up. curlybot is an autonomous two-wheeled vehicle with embedded electronics that can record how it has been moved on any flat surface and then play back that motion accurately and repeatedly. Children can use curlybot to develop intuitions for advanced mathematical and computational concepts, like differential geometry, through play away from a traditional computer.In our preliminary studies, we found that children learn to use curlybot quickly. They readily establish an affective and body syntonic connection with curlybot, because of its ability to remember all of the intricacies of their original gesture; every pause, acceleration, and even the shaking in their hand is recorded. Programming by example in this context makes the educational ideas implicit in the design of curlybot accessible to young children.
Cardiac Applications for Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely, while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into useful somatic cell types, including cardiomyocytes. As such, these stem cell types represent an essentially inexhaustible source of committed human cardiomyocytes of potential use in cell-based cardiac therapies, high-throughput screening and safety testing of new drugs, and modeling human heart development. These stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have an unambiguous cardiac phenotype and proliferate robustly both in vitro and in vivo. Recent transplantation studies in preclinical models have provided exciting proof-of-principle for their use in infarct repair and in the formation of a "biological pacemaker". While these successes give reason for cautious optimism, major challenges remain to the successful application of hESCs (or hiPSCs) to cardiac repair, including the need for preparations of high cardiac purity, improved methods of delivery, and approaches to overcome immune rejection and other causes of graft cell death. In this review, we describe the phenotype of hESC- and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, the state of preclinical transplantation studies with these cells, and potential approaches to overcome the aforementioned hurdles.
Biogeography of major bacterial groups in the Delaware Estuary

We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to examine the spatial and temporal variation in the abundance of major bacterial groups in the Delaware Estuary. The abundance of alpha- and beta-proteobacteria and Actinobacteria varied systematically in the estuary and mirrored the pattern seen in lakes and oceans. Beta-proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were abundant in the Delaware River but were less so in the marine waters of the Delaware Bay. In contrast, alpha-proteobacteria, including the SAR11 clade, were most abundant in the Bay and rare in the Delaware River. Actinobacteria were active in assimilating thymidine and leucine and appeared to contribute substantially to bacterial production in the Delaware River. Among the several biogeochemical parameters we examined, only salinity accounted for a substantial portion of the variation in abundance of these bacterial groups. However, relative abundance of these groups often varied independently of salinity. Cytophaga-like bacteria were often abundant throughout the estuary, but they did not vary systematically over the estuarine gradient, unlike the other dominant bacterial groups. We hypothesize that this estuary-wide high abundance occurs because Cytophaga-like bacteria are very diverse, more so than other groups. Data on 16S rRNA sequences are consistent with this hypothesis. The consistent biogeographic patterns suggest that some bacterial groups, even at a broad phylogenetic level, operate as ecologically meaningful units for examining some processes, whereas the Cytophaga-like bacteria as now defined might be too diverse to be useful for ecological studies.
Potassium-Aldosterone-Renin Interrelationships

The present study was performed to assess the sensitivity of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone axis to small changes in plasma potassium concentration within the physiologic range. Small increments in potassium levels were accomplished by graded constant infusions of potassium chloride over 2 h (0.17 meq/min; 0.33 meq/min; 0.5 meq/min) in 8 normal subjects on a 10 meq sodium-100 meq potassium intake. Plasma levels of aldosterone, renin activity, angiotensin II, cortisol, potassium and sodium were measured at frequent intervals. There were no significant changes observed in plasma sodium, renin activity or angiotensin II levels while cortisol levels declined in the expected diurnal pattern. During the 0.17 meq/min (10 meq/h) infusion potassium levels did not increase significantly until 120 min while plasma aldosterone levels rose significantly at 30-60 min. The mean increment above control during the lowest infusion rate was 0.2 meq/liter (5%) for plasma potassium and 13 ng/100 ml (46%) for plasma aldoster...
Ethics and praxis: alternative strategies to physical restraint and seclusion in a psychiatric setting

This descriptive article highlights a 42-month project in which a comprehensive program revision was implemented in a psychiatric hospital that included numerous alternative strategies to the use of patient restraint and seclusion. The results of this project include a 94% reduction in the rate of restraint and seclusion, development of extensive staff and patient education programs, and comprehensive programmatic alterations consistent with a paradigm shift emphasizing collaboration, empowerment, and ethical clinical practice.
The test–retest reliability of four behavioural tests of fearfulness for quail: a critical evaluation

Abstract Tests of animal fearfulness are being used in a broad range of basic and applied scientific fields. However, rigorous assessment of the test–retest reliability of these tests is relatively uncommon. The importance of such assessment is illustrated by this study of the responses of Japanese quail during four tests of fearfulness. Forty-six adult quail were subjected to an emergence test, novel object test, novel food test, and predator surprise test on two consecutive days to assess test–retest reliability. Multiple behavioural measures were made during each test. One test was performed per day. There were discrepancies in the reliabilities of the various measures made within each test. For example, latency to extend the head into the emergence arena was poorly correlated on two consecutive days (partial r =.19, n =46, P =.29), but the number of times the birds extended their heads into the arena was much more reliable (partial r =.73, n =46, P r =.47, n =46, P r =.81, n =46, P r =.19, Pearson's r =.52). Finally, the statistically significant but small correlation coefficients for many measures in this study and other published fear studies, many less than .4, indicate that some common behavioural measures of fearfulness are not always reliable.
Refractive State, Accommodation, and Resolving Power of the Fish Eye

The refractive state of the eye is a measure of the difference between the focal distance of the dioptric elements and the distance at which the receptors are located. If parallel rays of light incident on the pupil, as they would be when they come from an object at long distance, are brought to a point focus in the plane of the light-sensitive outer segments of the photoreceptors, the eye is said to be emmetropic. If the rays from the distant object focus in front of the receptor layer, the eye is considered myopic, or near-sighted, and only a blur would exist at the photoreceptor level. This blurred image can be brought into sharp focus by reducing the object-to-eye distance, since the image plane of a near object lies at a longer distance from the lens than that of an object farther away.
Can Sales Uncertainty Increase Firm Profits

AbstractThe authors add to the sales management literature in three ways. First, they demonstrate that a firm can benefit from higher sales uncertainty. This is contrary to the finding from the standard principal–agent models that more sales uncertainty hurts the firm when agents are risk-averse. Second, the authors find that the risk-averse agent’s total pay can increase when there is high sales uncertainty, and this too is contrary to the standard principal–agent model. Third, they provide intuition for this surprising result by showing that it holds when the slope of the sales response function is random but not when the intercept is random. When the responsiveness (slope) of sales to a decision variable (of the firm or the agent) is random, information about randomness becomes decision-relevant and the firm can exploit learned information. In this study’s model, the agent and firm can receive noisy signals of random demand. When the customers’ response to effort (or price) is random, the decision abou...
Treatment of Advanced and Recurrent Carcinoma: Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy for endometrial cancer has evolved over the past two decades, with drug combinations convincingly showing to have a role in the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. Agents with established antitumor activity include doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. A combination of paclitaxel with the cisplatin analog carboplatin is currently the most commonly used regimen for first-line treatment of metastatic disease. Questions remain about the contribution of these regimens in adjuvant settings, about the role of drug therapy beyond first-line treatments, and about integration of targeted agents.
Resistance exercise and growth hormone as countermeasures for skeletal muscle atrophy in hindlimb-suspended rats

Unweighting of rat hindlimb muscles results in skeletal muscle atrophy, decreased protein synthesis, and reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion. Resistance exercise (ladder climbing) and GH treatment partially attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy in hypophysectomized hindlimb-suspended rats. It was hypothesized that a combination of multiple bouts of daily resistance exercise and GH (1 mg.kg-1.day-1) would prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in growing nonhypophysectomized hindlimb-suspended rats. Hindlimb suspension decreased the absolute (mg/pair) and relative (mg/100 g body wt) weights of the soleus, a slow-twitch plantar flexor, by 30 and 21%, respectively, and the absolute and relative weights of the gastrocnemius, a predominantly fast-twitch plantar flexor, by 20 and 11%, respectively (P < 0.05). Exercise did not increase soleus mass but attenuated loss of relative wet weight in the gastrocnemius muscles of hindlimb-suspended rats (P < 0.05). Hindlimb suspension decreased gastrocnemius myofibrillar protein content and synthesis (mg/day) by 26 and 64%, respectively (P < 0.05). The combination of exercise and GH attenuated loss of gastrocnemius myofibrillar protein content and synthesis by 70 and 23%, respectively (P < 0.05). Results of the present investigation indicate that a combination of GH and resistance exercise attenuates atrophy of unweighted fast-twitch skeletal muscles.
Distribution of Cutan in Modern Leaves

Cutan, a resistant non hydrolysable aliphatic biopolymer, was first reported in the cuticle of Agave americana and has generally been considered ubiquitous in leaf cuticles along with the structural biopolyester cutin. Because leaves and cuticles in the fossil record almost always have an aliphatic composition, it was argued that selective preservation of cutan played an important role in leaf preservation. However, the analysis of leaves using chemical degradation techniques involving hydrolysis to test for the presence of cutan reveals that it is absent in 16 of 19 taxa (angiosperm and gymnosperm), including many previously reported to contain cutan on the basis of pyrolysis data. Cutan is clearly much less widespread in leaves than previously thought and its presence or absence does not exert any major bias on the preservation of leaves in the fossil record. In the absence of cutan, other constituents—cutin, plant waxes and internal plant lipids—are incorporated into the geomacromolecule and contribute to the formation of a resistant fossil geopolymer.
¡SOY CHE! ¿Y VOS? - A IDENTIDADE RIOPLATENSE POR MEIO DO CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO ARGENTINO.

RESUMO: A identidade de um povo pode ser identificada por meio de diferentes aspectos, ora atraves dos dialetos ou idioma de uma nacao, ora pela cultura por intermedio da musica, danca, comida, racas. Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a identidade rioplatense demonstrado mediante fatos historicos e culturais presentes na vida dos cidadaos da regiao do “Rio de La Plata”, principalmente os de Buenos Aires. O espanhol falado na capital argentina e diferenciado das demais regioes do pais, sendo peculiar, proporcionando uma personalidade unica aos “portenos”, tanto na fala quanto na escrita, esta ultima procedente do lunfardo. O espanhol “rioplatense” foi se estabelecendo no decorrer da historia pela influencia do tango, com interpretes tais como Carlos Gardel e Edmundo Rivero, sendo o lunfardo incorporado ao espanhol “rioplatense” atraves da literatura presente em obras de grandes autores argentinos como Jorge Luis Borges e Roberto Arlt. Palavras-chave: Identidade; Espanhol Rio-Platense, Cultura.
Electron-capture decay of 100Tc and the double- beta decay of 100Mo.

We have measured the electron-capture decay branch of $^{100}\mathrm{Tc}$ to be (1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$%, from which we deduce logft=4.${45}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}0.30}^{+0.18}$. This indicates that a two-step process connecting only the ground states of $^{100}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}^{100}$Tc${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{100}$Ru can account for the measured 2\ensuremath{\nu} double-\ensuremath{\beta}-decay rate of $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$.
Tiling with Incomparable Cuboids

In this note we answer three questions raised by Richard K. Guy in his column Unsolved Problems in The American Mathematical Monthly of December 1984 [1]. Guy discusses tiling a three-dimensional cuboid using (at least two) incomparable cuboids with integer sides. Two cuboids are incomparable if neither will fit inside the other with sides parallel. (To compare two cuboids, write their dimensions in increasing order: a1 K a2 ?. a3, b1 b1.) Bill Sands found a tiling of a 3 x 4 x 15 cuboid (volume 180) using the six pieces 1 x 1 x 15, 1 X 2 X 11, 1 X 3 X 10, 2 X 3 X 6, 2 x 4 x 4, 3 x 3 x 5. (See FIGURE 1).
Selection and Evaluation of Organosilicon Coolants for Direct Immersion Cooling of Electronic Systems

We have identified new organosilicon coolants for direct immersion phase change cooling of electronic systems using a computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) approach combined with a figure of merit (FOM) analysis (hereafter termed the CAMD-FOM approach). Seven candidates with predicted thermophysical properties in the range suitable for direct immersion cooling of electronics were identified, and the thermophysical properties of two candidates, dimethoxydimethylsilane and ethyldimethylsilane, were measured in order to validate the CAMD-FOM procedure. In addition, the pool boiling characteristics of a mixture of dimethoxydimethylsilane and HFE 7200 (10:90 w/w) on a grooved silicon surface were investigated and compared with those of pure HFE 7200. The addition of dimethoxydimethylsilane was shown to lead to an approximately 20% enhancement in the critical heat flux, confirming that the CAMD-FOM approach can be employed for designing new heat transfer fluids.
205 NATURAL KILLER CELLS CONTRIBUTE TO THE MURINE INFLAMMATORY IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HELICOBACTER INFECTION.

Background Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the innate inflammatory response mounted against viral infections and tumors; however, the role of NK cells in the response to bacterial infection has not been elucidated. To investigate this, we infected both mice deficient in NK cells and wild-type mice with Helicobacter felis, a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and initiates mucosal changes that lead to gastritis and, less frequently, gastric adenocarcinoma. We hypothesized that mice deficient in NK cells would mount a lesser inflammatory response to H. felis. Methods C57BL/6 mice and NK cell-deficient transgenic (NKD) mice on a C57BL/6 background were infected with H. felis. The mice were sacrificed at 2-week and 40-week time points. The stomachs were extracted and cut in half. One half was snap frozen for RNA isolation, and the other half was fixed in a 2% PFA/sucrose solution for histology. RNA was isolated using the Trizol® method (Invitrogen, Inc) and cDNA was synthesized using the First Stand Transcriptor Kit® (Roche, Inc). Real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression of H,K-ATPase, IL-10, IL-17, IL-6, IFN-γ, KC, LIX, and MIP-2 (murine IL-8) using Assay on Demand® (Applied Biosystems). The crossing threshold of each cytokine was normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA expression. Fold change in expression was compared to strain-matched mock-infected animals. The degree of H. felis colonization was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results NKD mice exhibited decreased clearance of the bacteria and decreased pathology at both 2 weeks and 40 weeks postinfection when compared with their C57BL/6 counterparts. NKD mice also expressed significantly lower levels of mRNA transcripts for inflammatory cytokines than did the C57BL/6 mice. Cytokine levels by ELISA confirmed the RT-PCR results. Conclusions In the murine model, NK cells play a role in the clearance of H. felis and the inflammation associated with H. felis infection. Implications Mice lacking NK cells exhibit a weaker and delayed immune response to H. felis infection. Although NK cells are typically thought to act as part of the innate immune system, further studies should be performed to investigate whether NK cells only act directly against the pathogen or if they act indirectly via the activation of the adaptive immune system.
On-line audio dilation for human interaction

On-line audio dilation is a technique that time stretches, or slows down the tempo of audio signals as they are generated. This paper presents an on-line dilation technique and our on-going research to assess the effects of audio dilation on speech communication using an interactive DIAPIX problem solving task.
A report from an online course on global disruption and information technology

"Computing Within Limits" represents a new paradigm in thinking about computing. To help communicate this new perspective to a broader audience, we created, taught, and are continuing to teach a multi-campus online course through the University of California (UC) titled "Global Disruption and Information Technology." This article presents a report on our experiences designing this course and delivering the first two offerings to several hundred UC undergraduates. We discuss the history and motivation for the course; specific details of the course content; the technological platforms used in delivering the course; the student population; and the student experience taking the course. We hope that this paper, detailing our efforts at "teaching LIMITS," will help others interested in offering similar courses take advantage of our experiences and help more students become engaged with this critical set of issues.
Accuracy of Frozen Section Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Prostatic Carcinoma

AbstractTo examine the accuracy of frozen sections in the detection of pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with prostatic cancer, the results of frozen and paraffin sections were compared in 75 consecutive patients with clinical stage A or B prostatic cancer. Frozen sections were positive for cancer in 16 patients (21 per cent), 14 of whom had gross lymphadenopathy, and in all cases cancer was confirmed on paraffin sections. Of 59 patients with negative frozen sections 11 (19 per cent) had paraffin sections positive for cancer. However, in 10 of these 11 patients there were only 1 or 2 microscopic metastases. Thirteen other patients with normal-appearing lymph nodes did not have frozen sections obtained at the time of operation and metastases were not found on paraffin sections. There was a direct correlation between tumor grade and nodal involvement. The results suggest that frozen sections are of limited reliability in identifying lymph node metastases in patients who do not have gross lymphadenopa...
La Relación entre Formación Docente, Acceso Recursos, Experiencia Docente y Desarrollo Profesional en la Autoeficacia Percibida por los Docentes en la Enseñanza de la Lectura en Inglés como Segunda Lengua

A traves del enfoque de metodos mixtos, este estudio recolecto informacion actualizada de la percepcion de los docentes de IEP sobre la autoeficacia en la ensenanza de la lectura en ingles como segunda lengua y los factores que podrian afectar el proceso. El analisis estadistico de las encuestas muestra una serie de relaciones entre los factores explorados: anos de experiencia docente, autoeficacia percibida, grado de formacion inicial docente, grado de desarrollo profesional, y disponibilidad de recursos. Para detallar las experiencias de los docentes se discutieron las entrevistas de seguimiento. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la necesidad de los programas de formacion de profesores deingles como segunda lengua de dedicar un mayor esfuerzo en la preparacion de profesores para ensenar de manera efectiva habilidades de lectura.
Cervical spine biomechanics and task performance during touchscreen computer operations

Abstract The effects of different touchscreen interface designs on operators' task performance and cervical spine biomechanics were investigated in the current study. Fifteen male participants performed “Whac-a-Mole” type of visual target pinpointing tasks on a touchscreen monitor with different display sizes, icon sizes, icon colors and task difficulties. Participants' task performance, cervical spine biomechanics and upper extremity muscle activities were recorded and compared. Results demonstrated that an oversized desktop touchscreen monitor and small icons generated negative impacts on participants’ task performance and biomechanical measurements. Lighter icon color and more difficult task requirement generated worse task performance but had limited impact on cervical spine biomechanics. In addition, when using an oversized touchscreen monitor, the impacts of icon size and task difficulty seem to be magnified. Our results demonstrated that a more human-oriented interface design could help improve task performance and reduce neck and upper extremity injuries while operating touchscreen monitors. Relevance to industry In this study we investigated how a number of different design factors could influence task performance as well as cervical spine biomechanics when using touchscreen monitors. Knowledge gained from the current study could help the design of future applications that involve finger touching operations on touchscreen monitors.
A Review of The Latinos of Asia: How Filipino Americans Break the Rules of Race

The Latinos of Asia: How Filipino Americans Break the Rules of Race. A. C. Ocampo, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016, 272 pages, $22.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-8047-9754-2.Despite the ...
Comparing fixed-vessel and moving-vessel ADCP measurements in a large laboratory flume

AbstractThe error of the spatiotemporally averaged (STA) velocities of moving-vessel (MV) acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements was estimated by comparison with time-averaged fixed-...
Measuring Urban Water Conservation Policies: Toward a Comprehensive Index

This article (1) discusses existing efforts to measure water conservation policies (WCPs) in the United States (U.S.); (2) suggests general methodological guidelines for creating robust water conservation indices (WCIs); (3) presents a comprehensive template for coding WCPs; (4) introduces a summary index, the Vanderbilt Water Conservation Index (VWCI), which is derived from 79 WCP observations for 197 cities for the year 2015; and (5) compares the VWCI to WCP data extracted from the 2010 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water and Wastewater Rates survey. Existing approaches to measuring urban WCPs in U.S. cities are limited because they consider only a portion of WCPs or they are restricted geographically. The VWCI consists of a more comprehensive set of 79 observations classified as residential, commercial/industrial, billing structure, drought plan, or general. Our comparison of the VWCI and AWWA survey responses indicate reasonable agreement (ρ = 0.76) between the two WCIs for 98 cities where the data overlap. The correlation suggests the AWWA survey responses can provide fairly robust longitudinal WCP information, but we argue the measurement of WCPs is still in its infancy, and our approach suggests strategies for improving existing methods.
Gender trouble in the workplace: applying Judith Butler’s theory of performativity to news organizations

ABSTRACTJudith Butler’s theory of performativity, introduced in her 1990 book Gender Trouble, has significantly shaped individual and collective understandings of gender. This essay examines performativity as a framework for critically assessing gender performances in patriarchal workplace environments, including the institutional rules and norms that shape behaviors and interactions. Specifically, we suggest that performativity offers a valuable lens for critiquing women’s experiences in newsrooms, spaces where expectations for gender can significantly shape professional experiences and success. We provide an overview and evaluation of the development and existing applications of Butler’s performativity theory, including its use in organizational contexts. We also propose methodological and topical approaches through which performativity can be used to study newsrooms and the experiences of female journalists in particular.
Prescription drug monitoring program design and function: A qualitative analysis.

Abstract Background Opioid-related overdose deaths are a major public health challenge. Forty-nine states have implemented Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) that collect information about individuals’ prescription medications. Little is known about state governments’ implementation of PDMPs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with PDMP staff, law enforcement officials, and administrative agency employees to learn about their attitudes and experiences with PDMPs. Methods From May 2015 to June 2016, we conducted 37 semi-structured interviews with state actors in four states. Questions focused on interviewees’ perceptions about PDMP goals, home agency characteristics, and future PDMP initiatives. States were selected purposively. Interviewees were identified through purposive and snowball sampling. Results Interviewees identified key PDMP goals as: improve patient treatment decisions; influence prescribing practices; assist in the identification of “doctor shoppers”; and serve as a tool for law enforcement. Interviewees identified the following characteristics as key for a PDMP’s home agency: regulatory and enforcement authority; intra- and inter-agency collaboration; and commitment to data quality and protection. Interviewees identified three promising areas for future PDMP efforts: data sharing and analysis; integration of PDMP data with electronic medical records; and training for current and potential PDMP users. Conclusions Our findings reveal areas that states may want to prioritize, including improving prescribers’ knowledge and use of the PDMP as well as fostering inter-agency collaborations that include PDMP staff. By capitalizing on these opportunities, state governments may improve the effectiveness of their PDMPs, potentially making them more useful tools to curb the morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use disorders.
Physical activity and age-related biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis.

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease leading to mobility disability in the aged that could, in part, be initiated by age-related alterations in knee mechanics. However, if and how knee mechanics change with age remains unclear. Research question What are the impacts of age and physical activity (PA) on biomechanical characteristics that can affect the loading environment in the knee during gait? Methods Three groups (n = 20 each, 10 male and 10 female) of healthy adults were recruited: young (Y, 21–35 years), mid-life highly active (MHi, 55–70 years, runners), and mid-life less active (MLo, 55–70 years, low PA). Outcome measures included knee kinematics and kinetics and co-activation during gait, and knee extensor muscle torque and power collected at baseline and after a 30-minute treadmill trial to determine the impact of prolonged walking on knee function. Results At baseline, high-velocity concentric knee extensor power was lower for MLo and MHi compared with Y, and MLo displayed greater early (6.0 ± 5.8 mm) and peak during stance (11.3 ± 7.8 mm) femoral anterior displacement relative to the tibia compared with Y (0.2 ± 5.6 and 4.4 ± 6.8 mm). Also at baseline, MLo showed equal quadriceps:hamstrings activation, while Y showed greater relative hamstrings activation during midstance. The walking bout induced substantial knee extensor fatigue (decrease in maximal torque and power) in Y and MLo, while MHi were fatigue-resistant. Significance These results indicate that maintenance of PA in mid-life may impart small but measurable effects on knee function and biomechanics that may translate to a more stable loading environment in the knee through mid-life and thus could reduce knee OA risk long-term.
The Business in Music at Belmont University

We explore the integration of the Bachelors of Business Administration in Music Business undergraduate degree at Belmont University with the general education core and the business curriculum. It is an exemplar of the challenges faced by universities offering professional degrees in liberal arts institutions. Belmont University’s BBA in Music Business is the only one of its kind currently offered in US higher education. Begun as a part of the College of Business, it has since become the anchor of the Mike Curb College of Entertainment and Music Business. Students enrolled in the degree have the opportunity to demonstrate proficiencies in oral and written communication, financial literacy and marketing, promotion, and industry-based research in classroom and applied-learning settings through robust internships in greater Nashville.
Needs Assessment—mHealth Applications for People Aging with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is characterized by a large number and variety of symptoms, with cognitive changes and mobility limitations being the most significant ones related to disability. A majority of individuals diagnosed with MS experience a major decline in their abilities due to the progression of MS after 5 years post-diagnosis. Following this period, they need to learn how to cope with the functional limitations caused by the disease and how to age with MS due to an early onset of age-related problems. As a result, they have to manage the effects of the condition on their lives every day. Self-management can help mitigate the symptoms associated with MS. Mobile health (mHealth) apps provide potential support for self-management of the condition as they represent robust technologies that have potential to include all the interventions proven to be useful to manage multiple health problems. However, none of the mobile applications on the market for people with MS present the holistic and integrative app that provides their users with a variety of the valuable functional features for the self-management of their health. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature on needs and concerns of individuals aging with MS to inform the design of the mobile technologies and related functional features of the MS-specific mobile apps. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a qualitative study with individuals aging with MS, to (1) understand their health and wellness self-management needs, and (2) recognize the opportunities to meet those needs through mobile technologies and specific functional features. A systematic review of the functional features in MS-specific mobile applications is presented with the purpose to understand the current state of the utility of mobile apps and to identify two applications with the most versatile functionality.
Personality and chronic headache.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the features and characteristics of individuals that are associated with chronic headache. It also presents comparisons made among four different diagnostic groups of headache sufferers and nonheadache controls on a variety of personality measures; the relation of personality factors to headache activity in an untreated population suffering from chronic headache; and an examination of the ability of these various measures to predict the outcome of psychological treatment of headache. Patients with chronic headache, as a group, are more psychologically distressed and show more deviant personality characteristics than nonheadache sufferers do. Years of suffering chronic headache leads to personality changes, but the personality deviations predispose the individual to headache.
Transformation of the Passions Psychoanalytic and Phenomenological Perspectives

The passions rarely have been explored as genuine and positive aspects of human reality. Historically, our attitudes toward the passions have been strongly determined by our attitude toward the human body. Generally, the passions were thought of as allied to the body, and, if they were studied at all, it was with the aim of triumphing over weakness or of curing illness. From the point of view of reason and of the soul, the passions quite easily made their appearance as disturbers of the peace or as reminders of a primitive or evil past. It is only in recent times, and concurrent with the philosophical rehabilitation of the body, that the realm of the passions beckons us once again as a promising field for a reflective exploration of the human realm.
RANS Simulations for Film-Cooling Analysis and Design

In this paper we present the application of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the eddy-viscosity turbulence models for turbomachinery problems with the particular emphasis on the heat transfer and film cooling of gas turbines. We discuss several RANS-related issues, such as the overproduction of turbulent kinetic energy, as well as the problems related to the simulation of unsteady flows.
Autobiographical Memory during Early Childhood and Cultural Variations

The development of autobiographical memory is foreshadowed by many early prerequisite skills. It is not an all-or-none phenomenon but involves a gradual incremental process. Young children's memories are initially fragmentary and incoherent. Over the preschool years, their memories show increasing endurance, temporal coherence, complexity, and elaboration as a result of multiple contributing factors. These factors include neurological maturation, language acquisition, development of a sense of self, and participating in adult-guided memory conversations. Evidence emerging from sociocultural approaches further shows that cultural beliefs and the associated narrative practices shape the quantity and quality of autobiographical memory throughout early childhood.
The Dynamics of Interpersonal Commitment and the Issue of Salience

As has been suggested by several theorists (e.g., Ballard-Reisch & Weigel, Chapter 22, this volume; Kelley, 1983; Levinger, 1965, 1979, 1983; Johnson, 1991, Chapter 4, this volume; Rusbult, 1980, 1983; Sabatelli, Chapter 10, this volume), it is important, given the dynamic nature of close relationships, to regard commitment as a process rather than a static construct. Thus, the most appropriate index of commitment is not its level or amount at a given time, but rather the degree of variability in commitment over time. Unfortunately, research in this area has not advanced beyond the exploration of variables that seem to enhance or undermine interpersonal commitments. What is needed at this point are programs of research that focus on the ways in which the various dimensions of commitment interact, both with one another and with other relevant factors, over the course of a relationship to promote relationship stability. The goal of this chapter is to explore more fully such a developmental perspective on interpersonal commitment.
Practical Transparency: How Journalists Should Handle Digital Shaming and 'The Streisand Effect'

What has become known in Internet culture as the “Streisand Effect” occurs when a person seeks to minimize the harm of something posted online through censorious legal threats, which then backfire, leading to even more scrutiny and attention for the harmful post. Such situations raise legal concerns and ethical obligations for journalists when they encounter people seeking to minimize online embarrassment and exposure, in particular when the people seeking privacy inflame their situation, inadvertently or otherwise, by making legal threats. After examining the narrow legal options available through gag orders and privacy torts, the authors propose the ethical concept of “practical transparency,” on a spectrum of access that spans the chasm of the philosophical extremes of radical transparency to total obscurity, as a balance test, taking into account the value of embarrassing or damaging information to citizens against the harm that disclosure of that information could pose to the embarrassed or shamed person or persons who face the vitriolic naming, blaming, shaming culture of the Internet. As a balance test, practical transparency offers a workable ethical standard for journalists covering cases of censorship backfire that span legal boundaries.
One hepatocyte, two malignant fates

Hepatic microenvironment dictates lineage commitment of hepatocytes, which can form two completely distinct tumor types.
Flexible Locally Weighted Penalized Regression With Applications on Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative’s Clinical Scores

In recent years, we have witnessed the explosion of large-scale data in various fields. Classical statistical methodologies, such as linear regression or generalized linear regression, often show inadequate performance on heterogeneous data because the key homogeneity assumption fails. In this paper, we present a flexible framework to handle heterogeneous populations that can be naturally grouped into several ordered subtypes. A local model technique utilizing ordinal class labels during the training stage is proposed. We define a new “progression score” that captures the progression of ordinal classes, and use a truncated Gaussian kernel to construct the weight function in a local regression framework. Furthermore, given the weights, we apply sparse shrinkage on the local fitting to handle high dimensionality. In this way, our local model is able to conduct variable selection on each query point. Numerical studies show the superiority of our proposed method over several existing ones. Our method is also applied to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data to make predictions on the longitudinal clinical scores based on different modalities of baseline brain image features.
Reconstructing Life Goals After the Birth of a Child With Down Syndrome: Finding Happiness and Growing

Parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS; N = 87) wrote about current goals and goals they had before they learned their child would have DS (lost goals) and completed measures of salience of the narrative, subjective well-being (SWB), and stress-related growth. Independent raters scored the narratives on levels of elaboration. We conducted a follow-up study 2 years later (N = 42)) using the SWB and stress-related growth measures. There was an association between investing in current goals and heightened SWB, whereas salience of lost goals related weakly to reduced SWB. However, in the follow-up study, there was an association between investing in lost goals and increased stress-related growth. These results suggest that hopes for the future enhance SWB, whereas over time considering loss relates to increased feelings of personal growth. Growth and well-being may be independent of each other.
Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes. 46. An Efficient Preparation of Chiral Pyridino- and Thiopheno-18-crown-6 Ligands from Enantiomerically Pure C2-Symmetric Pyridine- and Thiophenediols1

Asymmetric reduction of 2,6-diacylpyridines with B-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane provides the corresponding C2-symmetric diols in very high de and ee. Asymmetric allylboration of 2,6-pyridinedicarb...
DISSEMINATED METASTATIC MELANOMA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN fiRST DIAGNOSED IN THE ORAL CAVITY WITH NEAR RESOLUTION AFTER IMMUNOTHERAPY AND SUBSEQUENT IMMUNE-RELATED SEQUALAE

Herein, we report an atypical clinicopathological presentation of amelanotic melanoma first diagnosed in the oral cavity of a 68-year-old man. The tumor was immunopositive for HMB45 and S-100, and weakly positive to Melan A. PET (positron emission tomography) and CT (computed tomography) scans demonstrated widespread organ and bone metastases, obviating surgical intervention. Standard immunotherapy was instituted with ipilimumab and nivolumab. At 3-weeks, near resolution of the oral lesion was evident and repeat imaging showed resolution of the left lung lesions and marked reductions in size of other affected sites. The patient subsequently experienced and recovered from multiple immune-related adverse events, including autoimmune carditis, which was managed with steroid administration. Following subsequent immunoregimens and 4 months since the initial diagnosis, the patient succumbed to sudden apparent cardiac arrest. Historically, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to manage mucosal melanoma have yielded poor long-term outcomes, necessitating alternative efforts to improve patient care. Immunotherapy is an emerging modality for management of late-stage melanoma and has shown promising results to extend overall survival.
Connecting to the trail: Natural spaces as places of healing

The concept of “place” has been explored for decades, examining how specific geographic locales impact social meanings and interactions, sentimentality associated with a specific environment, and the construction of identity through prolonged place interaction. While meanings often differ based on individual history and interactions, physical environments are often symbolic; they may come to embody elements of potential, catharsis, restoration, or opportunity. In the context of nature, the diversity of meaning is often evidenced by an individual or groups’ reverence for the natural place to their perceived quality of life. This study sought to explore how those diagnosed with cancer use natural spaces as a supportive resource in their healing process. As will be demonstrated, the profound benefit of repeated exposure to restorative natural environments for those diagnosed with cancer establishes how natural spaces become places of healing for people with serious illnesses.
Online Junction Temperature Monitoring for SiC MOSFETs Using Turn-On Delay Time

Junction temperature is one of the most critical indicators not only for the converter design and operation but also for power devices’ reliability. Online monitoring of junction temperature can provide useful information for converter control, protection, and maintenance. In this paper, an intelligent gate driver with online Tj monitoring capability is developed for SiC MOSFETs. The turn-on delay time is selected as the thermal sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) for online Tj estimation. Moreover, a gate resistance regulation unit is implemented with 10 times sensitivity improvement to increase the measurement accuracy. Then, an edge-detection-based online turn-on delay time measurement with 200 ps resolution is designed and integrated into the gate driver. In the end, a double pulse test (DPT) platform is applied to collect the calibration curves offline. A SiC-based half-bridge inverter is also built to demonstrate the functionality and performance of the online junction temperature monitoring system. Resultantly, this intelligent gate driver can accurately estimate devices junction temperature during inverter operation.
Multiscale modeling of femtosecond laser irradiation on a copper film with electron thermal conductivity from ab initio calculation

ABSTRACTBy combining the ab initio quantum mechanics (QM) calculation and the Drude model, electron temperature- and lattice temperature-dependent electron thermal conductivity is calculated and implemented into a multiscale model of laser material interaction, which couples the classical molecular dynamics (MD) and the two-temperature model (TTM). The results indicated that the electron thermal conductivity obtained from ab initio calculation leads to faster thermal diffusion than that using the electron thermal conductivity from empirical determination, which further induces a deeper melting region, a larger number of density waves travelling inside the copper film, and more various speeds of atomic clusters ablated from the irradiated film surface.
Machine learning transition temperatures from 2D structure.

Abstract A priori knowledge of physicochemical properties such as melting and boiling could expedite materials discovery. However, theoretical modeling from first principles poses a challenge for efficient virtual screening of potential candidates. As an alternative, the tools of data science are becoming increasingly important for exploring chemical datasets and predicting material properties. Herein, we extend a molecular representation, or set of descriptors, first developed for quantitative structure-property relationship modeling by Yalkowsky and coworkers known as the Unified Physicochemical Property Estimation Relationships (UPPER). This molecular representation has group-constitutive and geometrical descriptors that map to enthalpy and entropy; two thermodynamic quantities that drive thermal phase transitions. We extend the UPPER representation to include additional information about sp2-bonded fragments. Additionally, instead of using the UPPER descriptors in a series of thermodynamically-inspired calculations, as per Yalkowsky, we use the descriptors to construct a vector representation for use with machine learning techniques. The concise and easy-to-compute representation, combined with a gradient-boosting decision tree model, provides an appealing framework for predicting experimental transition temperatures in a diverse chemical space. An application to energetic materials shows that the method is predictive, despite a relatively modest energetics reference dataset. We also report competitive results on diverse public datasets of melting points (i.e., OCHEM, Enamine, Bradley, and Bergstrom) comprised of over 47k structures. Open source software is available at https://github.com/USArmyResearchLab/ARL-UPPER .