cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Generative Kriging Surrogate Model for Constrained and Unconstrained Multi-objective Optimization

Surrogate models are effective in reducing the computational time required for solving optimization problems. However, there have been a lukewarm interest in finding multiple trade off solutions for multi-objective optimization problems using surrogate models. The literature on surrogate modeling for constrained optimization problems is also rare. The diffculty lies in the requirement of building and solving multiple surrogate models, one for each Pareto-optimal solution. In this paper, we first provide a brief introduction of the past studies and suggest a computationally fast, Kriging-based, and generative procedure for finding multiple near Pareto optimal solutions in a systematic manner. The expected improvement metric is maximized using a real-parameter genetic algorithm for finding new solutions for high-fidelity evaluations. The approach is computationally fast due to the interlinking of building multiple surrogate models and in its systematic sequencing methodology for assisting one model with another. In standard two and three-objective test problems with and without constraints, our proposed methodology takes only a few hundreds of high-fidelity solution evaluations to find a widely distributed near Pareto optimal solutions compared to the standard EMO methods requiring tens of thousands of high-fidelity solution evaluations. The framework is generic and can be extended to utilize other surrogate modeling methods easily.
Ambiguity, Macro Factors, and Stock Return Volatility

Recent studies find stock returns are negatively related to idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL). We find that aggregate variables known to explain stock market volatility affect the IVOL and portfolio returns sorted by IVOL. Macroeconomic volatilities, yield spreads, dividend yield, trading volume and common factors of earnings forecast dispersions are important drivers of IVOL. Macro factors produce the negative pattern, consistent with theories of intertemporal hedging demand. Teasing out the common IVOL part, the residual IVOL is positively and significantly related to stock returns and the idiosyncratic portions of earnings forecast dispersions. This is consistent with ambiguity aversion and incomplete market hypotheses.
Tracking Students Through Life: A Critical Structural Analysis of Academic Tracking of Mexican Immigrant Students in the United States and Korean Immigrant Students in Japan

Students in the United States and Japan from high and middle socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds are afforded greater academic opportunities due to the systemic presence of hegemony in public schools (Darvin and Norton in J Lang Identity Educ 13(2):111–117, 2014). Minority and immigrant students, the majority coming from low SES, are more likely to suffer the negative effects of tracking. This paper explains how Mexican immigrant students in the United States, and Korean students in Japan are tracked into lower-level courses throughout their educational careers. Using critical structuralism as a theoretical framework, the paper analyzes the two educational systems and explains the implications of tracking on students’ access to higher education. The paper presents mediating mechanisms against the negative effects of lower-level tracking, while arguing for college preparatory education for Mexican and Korean immigrants in the U.S. and Japan respectively.
Cultural Links to Adolescent Weapon Carrying and Weapon Use: A Cross-National Study

Although existing cross-cultural studies of adolescence have focused on topics including fighting, bullying, and gangs, little cross-national research has centered on weapon carrying. However, weap...
Values-based shared decision-making in the antenatal period

Despite advances in life-saving technology for critically ill neonates, challenges continue to arise for infants delivered with extreme prematurity, congenital anomalies, and genetic conditions that exceed the limits of currently available interventions. In these situations, parents are forced to make cognitively and emotionally difficult decisions, in discussion with a neonatologist, regarding how aggressively to provide supportive measures at the time of delivery and at what point burdens of therapy outweigh benefits. Current guidelines recommend that parents' values should guide these decisions; however, little is known about the values parents hold, and how those values are employed in the context of complexity, uncertainty, and emotionality of these situations. Systematic investigation of how parents derive their values and how clinicians should engage with parents about those values is necessary to guide the development of interventions to enhance shared decision-making processes, ultimately improving satisfaction, coping, and resilience and minimizing the potential for regret.
Dimensions of Knowledge: Comparing Asian and Western MNEs in China

This study compares knowledge and its performance effects between Asian and Western MNEs in the People's Republic of China. It examines knowledge differences along four dimensions including technological skills, organizational capabilities, marketing knowledge, and environment familiarity between two groups. The discriminant analysis of the survey data containing 178 MNE sub-units in China suggests that Asian MNEs are inferior in technological and organizational competencies but superior in host country-specific knowledge such as marketing tactics and environmental familiarity, compared to Western counterparts. Despite such differences, knowledge in all four dimensions is found to enhance financial returns and overall performance for sample firms no matter where they come from. The logic underlying the dominance of Asian MNEs in China's FDI, from economic, cultural, and institutional perspectives, is also highlighted.
AAC and Assessment of People with ASD and CCN

Evaluation of people with ASD and CCN is complicated by inherent language and social deficits. Standardized assessments are often inappropriate for this population. In that vein, this chapter provides guidance regarding evaluation of people with ASD for two main purposes. Primarily, assessment to determine the suitability of particular AAC modes is discussed. Secondarily, some skill assessments, primarily communication assessments, and related accommodation issues that may be appropriate for people with ASD are reviewed.
Global Food Safety Initiative: Implementation and Perspectives

The Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) is now in its 12th year of developing international benchmarks of international food safety standards against a unifying standard accepted by many of the world’s largest retailers. Is GFSI creating a safer food supply from the perspective of quality assurance managers, certification bodies, auditors, and industry consultants? Does it reduce the number of audits a food manufacturer must undergo? How does a manufacturer prepare for an audit? Does certification to a GFSI-benchmarked standard create new marketing opportunities? Is the industry fully embracing GFSI? How is it evolving? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this chapter.
Nanoparticle motion on the surface of drying droplets

Transport and deposition of particles on the free surface of a drying droplet with a pinned contact line is studied by a multiphase lattice Boltzmann-Brownian dynamics method. The results reveal that both surface convection and interfacial confinement govern particle dynamics.
The Role of Intraverbal Exchanges in Assessing Parent-Child Relationships

The present investigation evaluated the role of verbal exchanges between parent and child (intraverbal exchanges) in relation to two contemporary measurements of the parent-child relationship, mutual responsive orientation (MRO) and synchrony. Data were collected from 30 mother-preschool child dyads (19 girls, 11 boys) during a laboratory assessment. Rates of intraverbal exchange, MRO, and a major aspect of synchrony, dyadic reciprocity, were obtained during four separate interactions: two structured puzzle tasks, a semi-structured play activity, and an unstructured snack period. Results indicated that the rate of intraverbal exchange was stable within dyads and highly correlated with the two other, more complex measures. The findings challenge the restricted view of the utility of the behavior analytic approach, implicitly maintained in socialization and attachment theories within developmental psychology, demonstrate the value of measures of intraverbal exchanges for assessing parent-child relationships, and suggest practical applications in parent and caregiver training.
Yielding of 6061-T6 aluminum tubings under dynamic biaxial loadings

A test vehicle described herein has been developed for applying biaxial, tension-internal pressure, loading to thinwalled tubular specimens over a range of loading rates. The dynamic responses, as well as static initial and subsequent yield surfaces of a number of specimens made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, are presented. The stress path obtained in a dynamic biaxial test was reporduced statically. The corresponding stress-strain curves have been compared and found significantlky different. It is found that the dynamic initial yielding occurs at a higher state of biaxial stress depending on the loading rate than that of static yielding.
Removal of Metaphyseal Screw Only After Hemiepiphysiodesis Correction of Coronal Plane Deformities Around the Knee Joint: Is This a Safe and Advisable Strategy?

Purpose:Correcting lower limb angular deformities in the skeletally immature patient with guided growth is a very common procedure. Using an 8-plate construct to produce reversible hemiepiphysiodesis allows correction of the mechanical axis of the limb. It has become routine strategy to remove only
Interproximal Open Contacts Between Implant Restorations and Adjacent Teeth. Prevalence - Causes - Possible Solutions.

Purpose To present the prevalence and contributing factors of interproximal contact loss (ICL) between implant restorations and adjacent teeth, and to provide recommendations for possible prevention and treatment of this complication. Materials and methods The authors explored the dental literature on PubMed on ICL between implants and adjacent teeth, interproximal contacts, open contacts, teeth migration causes, facial bone formation, and facial bone changes. Results ICL between fixed implant prostheses and adjacent teeth has been reported. A literature search revealed 7 studies showing a high prevalence of ICL between implant prostheses and adjacent teeth. The literature indicates that this ICL is greater in the mesial aspect in comparison with the distal. As identified by the literature review, ICL in the maxilla ranged between 18% and 66% versus 37% to 54% in the mandible. ICL might occur as early as 3 months after prosthetic treatment. The literature review documented possible tooth migration causes, crown-related causes, and bone formation/growth-related causes of ICL. Conclusions ICL is a common multifactorial implant complication. The clinical condition will dictate if the implant crown needs to be modified/replaced or the natural tooth needs to be restored to reestablish interproximal contact between an implant prosthesis and adjacent tooth. Periodic evaluations of interproximal contacts between implant restorations and the adjacent teeth and the use of screw-retained restorations due to ease of removal is recommended to diagnose and mitigate the problem. An orthodontic retainer or occlusal guard may help prevent ICL between the implant restoration and the adjacent tooth.
Simulation-Based Optimization as a Service for Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems

Dynamic data-driven applications systems (DDDAS) must be adaptive in the face of highly fluctuating and uncertain environments. An important means to such adaptability is through the use of simulation models which can be leveraged for dynamic decision support. To provide high quality decision support, one can use simulations in an optimization loop to derive the best values of system parameters for a given system state particularly when the system has too many parameters and traditional means to optimize the outcomes are intractable. To that end, simulation-based optimization methods have emerged to enable optimization in the context of complex, black-box simulations thereby obviating the need for specific and accurate model information, such as gradient computation. An important challenge in using simulation-based optimization is optimizing the decision parameters. However, to ensure scalability and real-time decision support, one must be able to rapidly deploy simulation-based optimization in a way that makes the best use of available computing resources given the time and budget constraints. To address these needs, we propose a cloud-based framework for simulation-based optimization as a service (SBOaaS) to enable a flexible and highly parallelizable dynamic decision support for such environments. We illustrate the framework by using it to design a dynamic traffic light control system through simulation-based optimizations using the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulation model that adjusts to the observed vehicle flow.
Introduction: 2018 Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Advanced Analytics, Operations Research, and Management Science

This special issue of the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (formerly Interfaces) is devoted to the finalists of the 47th annual competition for the Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Advanc...
A Compressible hyper-viscoelastic material constitutive model for human brain tissue and the identification of its parameters

Abstract In this paper, we have introduced a compressible hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model for human brain tissue. The model is calibrated with the reported experimental data from different regions of the brain. The parameters of the model are determined in a simultaneous calibration for tension, compression, shear, and compression–relaxation tests data. They are obtained in an iterative procedure in conjunction with a finite elements (FE) modeling of the tissue, as well as, with the Nelder–Mead Simplex optimization procedure. In the calibration procedure, the compressibility of the material is taken into account, and the respective time-dependent volumetric parameter is also determined. Additionally, the Drucker stability condition is enforced to assess the physical meaning of the extracted constitutive parameters. This proposed model provides an improved prediction of the experimental data and tissue response under various loading conditions. The results show that, under inhomogeneous deformation, the suggested approach will lead to a better material calibration of brain tissue compared to the simple mathematical model fitting.
Low-Income Childless Adults' Access To Antidiabetic Drugs In Wisconsin Medicaid After Coverage Expansion.

Medicaid coverage was expanded for childless adults in Wisconsin through an amended Section 1115 demonstration waiver on April 1, 2014. Coverage for prescription drugs was expanded via copayment re...
The minimum Bayes factor hypothesis test for correlations and partial correlations

In this paper, we follow the work [Held, L., and M. Ott. 2016. How the maximal evidence of p-values against point null hypotheses depends on sample size. The American Statistician 70 (4):335–41] an...
Comparative United States autoimmune disease rates for 2010-2016 by sex, geographic region, and race.

Abstract Purpose AIDs may disproportionately impact specific racial groups, but autoimmune (AID) prevalence information by minority racial group is sparse for many AIDs. The objective of this analysis was to supplement previously published AID prevalence rates by providing information on race rate ratios (minority race populations compared to Caucasian populations) in the United States. Preliminary to estimating race rate ratios, contemporary US-specific, health care utilization-based AID prevalence rates and female-to-male ratios were estimated and compared to previously published AID prevalence rates. Methods We used a large national electronic medical record database of 52 million individuals to estimate age-adjusted direct standardized rates for 22 AIDs for 2010 through 2016 by gender, race, and US census division. These were compared to previously published estimates. Results Female-to-male ratios were comparable with published studies. Almost all observed Multiracial AID rates were significantly higher than Caucasian rates, as well as 9 of 22 AID rates observed among Native Americans and 8 of 22 AID rates estimated among African-American patients. Regional variation was noted: highest African-American systemic lupus erythematosus rates were observed in the West North Central and South Atlantic divisions, highest African-American multiple sclerosis rates in the South Atlantic and Pacific divisions, and highest Native American rheumatoid arthritis rates in the West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions. Conclusions Substantial AID heterogeneity exists by race and by geographic area. An important research area is further exploring factors related to heterogeneity such as potential interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
Creative uses of podcasting in education: panel discussion

As classroom sizes increase, classroom formats change, and technology advances, communication in the classroom takes new shapes. With the challenges that instructors face, they must use creative methods to communicate with their students. This is true for large auditorium-style classes, distance education classes, and even smaller classes. Podcasting is one method of communication that is rapidly becoming a popular educational tool. More and more instructors are making class materials available through podcasting, facilitating communication between instructors and students either in a one-to-one or one-to-many relationship.
A Newborn Infant with Tachypnea

The paper presents a case of rare disease – Joubert syndrome, in a patient from Guatemala. The patient presentation characterized by persistent periodic tachypnea in newborn period, which eventually lead to the diagnosis. The disease has multiorgan involvement with the major impacts on brain and kidney. Early recognition of that rare disorder might substantially impacts treatment and outcome. The management of Joubert syndrome requires multidisciplinary team.
Theory of mind understanding, but whose mind? Affiliation with the target is related to children’s false belief performance

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether children’s theory of mind performance would differ according to the group membership of the mental inference target. Eighty 3- to 5-year-old children were administered standard theory of mind measures (diverse desires, false belief, and real-apparent emotion tasks) with either an ingroup or an outgroup target. The false belief performance of older 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds and younger 4-year-olds, was worse (a) with an ingroup than an outgroup target if they demonstrated high ingroup affiliation and (b) when they affiliated with the target, regardless of target group membership. Children’s performance in the diverse desires and real-apparent emotion tasks did not differ according to target group membership and children’s affiliation with the target. Overall, our results suggest that affiliation with the target could potentially undermine older preschoolers’ understanding that the target can hold a belief that deviates from one’s own belief.
Dietitians vary by counseling status in bean promotion with type 2 diabetes clients: A pilot study.

Beans are noted for their beneficial effects on blood glucose for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, little is known about dietitian attitudes and perceptions, self-efficacy, or counseling practices about beans in T2DM management. Through an online survey, the attitudes and perceptions dietitians have toward the role of beans in managing T2DM were examined. The practice intentions for advising T2DM clients about beans, perceived self-efficacy for counseling on general nutrition topics and specifically on beans, were evaluated. While the target population was dietitians, all persons on the Arizona Dietetic Association and the Arizona School Nutrition Association listservs received a direct email invitation for an online survey on foods and chronic disease. There was no mention of beans or pulses to reduce bias toward bean advocates. Of the 302 dietitian respondents, over 66% counseled clients with T2DM. Fewer clinical counseling dietitians recommended beans to control blood glucose (p = .041) or to increase fiber (p < .05), and more of them promoted beans as being the same as other carbohydrates (p = .002). Higher mean self-efficacy scores for general nutrition counseling were observed for T2DM counseling RDs (p < .001). Counseling dietitians in nonclinical settings had the highest bean self-efficacy score (p < .001). Findings suggest clinical counseling dietitians are aware of bean health benefits, but do not consistently suggest beans to improve nutrition for those with T2DM in contrast to dietitians who counsel in other settings.
Racial Equity as a Human Rights Issue: Field Agency Practices and Field Instructors' Knowledge and Attitudes.

Racial equity which, at minimum, is defined as the state in which health, social, and economic outcomes are no longer predicted by race has become a critical issue for social workers who work with and advocate for the rights of marginalized communities. Despite its importance, it remains to be seen if field instructors and the agencies they work for understand racial equity as a human rights issue. Through an anonymous survey, we assessed field instructor’s racial equity awareness, knowledge, and understanding and examined actions agencies have taken to address and advance racial equity. It was hypothesized that field instructors who view racial equity as a human right would report promoting and advancing these important concepts with their students and organizations. A total of 170 field instructors accessed the survey through an emailed link in this exploratory effort. Descriptive analyses found that field instructors believe that racial equity is a significant human rights issue and that their agency’s culture views racial equity as important; however, issues with time, resources, funding, and expertise to promote racial equity initiatives create obstacles to bring about change. The discussion emphasizes the importance of building capacity among field educators to address racial equity through a human rights lens, which is integral to advancing the collective social work goals of social justice and dismantling systemic oppression.
Cancer Cell-Specific Major Histocompatibility Complex II Expression as a Determinant of the Immune Infiltrate Organization and Function in the NSCLC Tumor Microenvironment.

Abstract Introduction In patients with NSCLC, the prognostic significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) immune composition has been revealed using single- or dual-marker staining on sequential tissue sections. Although these studies reveal that relative abundance and localization of immune cells are important parameters, deeper analyses of the NSCLC TME are necessary to refine the potential application of these findings to clinical care. Currently, the complex spatial relationships between cells of the NSCLC TME and potential drivers contributing to its immunologic composition remain unknown. Methods We used multispectral quantitative imaging on the lung adenocarcinoma TME in 153 patients with resected tumors. On a single slide per patient, we evaluated the TME with markers for CD3, CD8, CD14, CD19, major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), cytokeratin, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Image analysis, including tissue segmentation, phenotyping, and spatial localization, was performed. Results Specimens wherein greater than or equal to 5% of lung cancer cells expressed MHCII (MHCIIhi TME) had increased levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD14+ cell infiltration. In the MHCIIhi TME, the immune infiltrate was closer to cancer cells and expressed an activated phenotype. Morphologic image analysis revealed cancer cells in the MHCIIhi TME more frequently interfaced with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Patients with an MHCIIhi TME experienced improved overall survival (p = 0.046). Conclusions Lung cancer cell-specific expression of MHCII associates with levels of immune cell infiltration, spatial localization, and activation status within the TME. This suggests that cancer cell-specific expression of MHCII may represent a biomarker for the immune system’s recognition and activation against the tumor.
High resolution photoacoustic microscopy molecular imaging of choroidal neovascularization using functionalized indocyanine green in living rabbits

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a hallmark of advanced age-related macular degeneration and is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness in the world. There is a lack of imaging modalities that can detect CNV early. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) combines acoustic and optical imaging to create high-resolution images that can delineate microvasculature non-invasively and permit for visualization of CNV. However, to distinguish CNV from native microvasculature, molecular contrast agents can be applied to increase the sensitivity of PAM imaging. In this study, functionalized indocyanine green (ICG) with RGD ligands (ICG-RGD) was synthesized and applied to in vivo imaging of CNV in the rabbit retina using a custom-built high-resolution PAM imaging system. RGD ligands selective binds to integrins present in neovascularization. The CNV model was created in three New Zealand White rabbits via subretinal injection of human vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF-165). Three-dimensional in vivo PAM images of CNV were acquired before and after intravenous injection of 400 µL ICG-RGD at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL over a period of 14 days. In addition, color fundus photography and fluorescence imaging were also acquired. This enables visualization of the newly developed CNV as well as monitoring the changes in CNV over time. With the administration of ICG-RGD, PAM signal amplitudes enhanced up to 15.7-fold at day 1 post-injection and persisted up to 5 days. The PAM results were also confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Biosafety studies show no systemic toxicity of the ICG-RGD. These studies demonstrate the potential of molecular PAM imaging for the characterization of microvasculature pathologies.
Preliminary Evidence for Anhedonia as a Marker of Sexual Trauma in Female Adolescents

Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition with heterogeneous presentations that often include predominant anhedonia. Previous studies have revealed that childhood trauma is a potent risk factor for the development of MDD; however, the clinical implications of this finding are not fully understood. Methods Participants were adolescents (age 13-21 years) with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder and healthy controls. We used generalized linear models to assess the relationship between anhedonia severity and trauma severity in a cross-sectional dataset. Results This cross-sectional analysis of an adolescent sample that underwent clinical evaluations and a trauma assessment, suggested that anhedonia was associated with historical trauma severity. The association between anhedonia and sexual abuse was greater in female participants compared to male participants. Discussion Our results were partially in line with the reported literature in adult samples. Future studies aiming to characterize the trauma-anhedonia relationship in adolescents should utilize scales designed specifically to measure these constructs in young populations, and scales that assess specific subtypes of anhedonia.
c-di-GMP inhibits early sporulation in Clostridioides difficile

The formation of dormant spores is essential for the anaerobic pathogen Clostridioides difficile to survive outside of the host gastrointestinal tract. The regulatory pathways and environmental signals that initiate C. difficile spore formation within the host are not well understood. One bacterial second messenger signaling molecule, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), modulates several physiological processes important for C. difficile pathogenesis and colonization, but the impact of c-di-GMP on sporulation is unknown. In this study, we investigated the contribution of c-di-GMP to C. difficile sporulation. Overexpression of a gene encoding a diguanylate cyclase, dccA, decreased sporulation frequency and early sporulation gene transcription in both the epidemic R20291 and historical 630{Delta}erm strains. Expression of a dccA allele encoding a catalytically inactive DccA that is unable to synthesize c-di-GMP no longer inhibited sporulation, indicating that the accumulation of intracellular c-di-GMP reduces C. difficile sporulation. A null mutation in dccA slightly increased sporulation in R20291 and slightly decreased sporulation in 630{Delta}erm, suggesting that DccA may contribute to the intracellular pool of c-di-GMP in a strain-dependent manner. However, these data were highly variable, underscoring the complex regulation involved in modulating intracellular c-di-GMP concentrations. Finally, overexpression of dccA in known sporulation mutants revealed that c-di-GMP is likely signaling through an unidentified regulatory pathway to control early sporulation events in C. difficile. C-di-GMP-dependent regulation of C. difficile sporulation may represent an unexplored avenue of potential environmental and intracellular signaling that contributes to the complex regulation of sporulation initiation. IMPORTANCEMany bacterial organisms utilize the small signaling molecule cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) to regulate important physiological processes, including motility, toxin production, biofilm formation, and colonization. C-di-GMP inhibits motility and toxin production and promotes biofilm formation and colonization in the anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile. However, the impact of c-di-GMP on C. difficile spore formation, a critical step in this pathogens life cycle, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that c-di-GMP negatively impacts sporulation in two clinically relevant C. difficile strains, the epidemic R20291 and the historical 630{Delta}erm. The pathway through which c-di-GMP controls sporulation was investigated, and our results suggest that c-di-GMP is likely signaling through an unidentified regulatory pathway to control C. difficile sporulation. This work implicates c-di-GMP metabolism as a potential mechanism to integrate environmental and intracellular cues through c-di-GMP levels to influence C. difficile sporulation.
Facial Recognition UX*: A Case Study of Industry-Academic Partnerships to Promote User-Centered Ethics in Facial Recognition

This case study discusses the case of an industry-academic partnership with the NEC Foundation, a global leader in facial recognition technology, and a UX and usability BIPOC researcher investigating applications of the technology in emergency response and university settings. The research collaboration aims to provide formative user experience data to help the industry understand the experience of potential users to provide developers and marketers with user-centered, evidence-based guidelines for facial recognition deployment. Research questions include the following: How do service providers and consumers in these areas perceive collecting biometric data in higher education and fire services (which is the primary emergency response service for small and mid‐sized communities), as it pertains to their sense of ethics, privacy, data ownership, consent, and justice? The project investigates user attitudes, concerns, and, per value theory, estimations of tradeoffs between these domains. The case study shares preliminary findings from the work and plans for further investigation. Finally, the case study approaches a preliminary framework for industry-academic collaborations on UX and tech ethics. Partnerships with industry can render research in communication design immediately applicable. Even when they expose fault lines between industry and academia, they offer an essential service to the community and methods of advocacy and accountability that benefit users.
Establishing Task-Relevant MVC Protocols for Modelling Sustained Isometric Force Variability: A Manual Control Study.

The present study examined how prevalent methods for determining maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) impact the experimentally derived functions of graded force-force variability. Thirty-two young healthy subjects performed continuous isometric force tracking (20 s trials) at 10 target percentages (5–95% MVC) normalized to a conventional discrete-point (n = 16), or sustained (n = 16) MVC calculation. Distinct rates and magnitudes of change were observed for absolute variability (standard deviation (SD), root mean squared error (RMSE)), tracking error (RMSE, constant error (CE)), and complexity (detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)) (all p < 0.05) of graded force fluctuations between the MVC groups. Differential performance strategies were observed beyond ~65% MVC, with the discrete-point group minimizing their SD at force values below that of the criterion target (higher CE/RMSE). Moreover, the sustained group’s capacity to minimize SD/RMSE/CE corresponded to a more complex structure in their force fluctuations. These findings reveal that the time component of MVC estimation has a direct influence on the corrective strategies supporting near-maximal manual force control. While discrete MVC protocols predominate in the study of manual strength/endurance/precision, a 1:1 MVC-task mapping appears more to be ecologically valid if visuo-motor precision outcomes are of central importance.
Case 43: Occlusion of an Endotracheal Tube in a Neonate

A prematurely born boy of 28 weeks’ gestation (780 g) with respiratory distress is admitted to your neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Routine ventilatory treatment is given with good result. On the third day, shortly after endotracheal suctioning, his respiratory parameters deteriorate. The peak pressures are seen to increase significantly, and hand ventilation confirms decreased compliance. You pass a suction catheter down the endotracheal tube (ETT), but this time you note an obstruction at the distal end of the ETT. A chest X-ray confirms the correct placement of the ETT but also shows a foreign object extending from the distal part of the ETT into the right main bronchus. Your thoracic surgical colleague says it is impossible to remove the object from the ETT with a fiber-optic bronchoscope. You know that you must remove the object.
Sleeplessness During and After Pregnancy

Significant changes in sleep occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Several clinical sleep disorders increase in frequency during pregnancy, while poor sleep quality and sleep fragmentation peak in the postpartum period. This chapter will review common sleep problems in the perinatal period and will discuss assessment and treatment options.
Breaking the Fever: A New Construct for Regulating Overtreatment

The Department of Justice’s (“DOJ”) current theory of overtreatment regulation — and, in fact, all of the prominent amount of medical necessity-based health care fraud enforcement — adopts the argument that providers are violating the False Claims Act when they submit bills to the federal government for care they administered that is not medically necessary. Besides stoking the ire of the provider community, this regulatory strategy is susceptible to inefficiency, imprecision, and — as I have argued before — overuse. Whether a procedure was medically necessary can be a highly difficult question to answer, one easily swayed by clinically-complex details, and one made murkier by clinical and geographic variation, Medicare’s often outdated and/or inaccurate coverage determinations, and overtreatment’s settlement-based regulatory regime that features few trials. This strategy can stifle innovation and arrest the natural evolution of the standard of care.Given these difficulties, and aware of the imminent cost challenges facing the Medicare program, this Article presents a proposal that seeks to improve the efficiency and intellectual honesty of overtreatment regulation by advocating for an explicit shift in the focus of enforcement from medical necessity to excess utilization. Instead of targeting providers and hospitals for a contravention of Medicare’s medical necessity determination during a particular episode of care, this proposal submits that the DOJ would be better served to pursue providers who, over the course of a year, provide “too much” care when compared to similarly-situated peer providers. Using peer providers’ clinical behaviors as a comparative legal standard would clarify the harm that overtreatment regulation seeks to prevent, and relying on an accumulation of data would ensure that those who are pursued by the DOJ are those who are the most responsible for America’s overtreatment problem.Besides freeing the DOJ’s attorneys from the thorny arguments that characterize medical necessity-based fraud cases, repositioning clinical expertise with providers, and deemphasizing Medicare’s unpredictable coverage determinations, this shift would allow the DOJ to take advantage of the regulatory bonus of “cascaded retreat,” where providers self-adjust their behavior to avoid investigation. Further, building on previous works, this construct would ensure the enforcement mechanism would avoid those comparatively innocuous cases in which innovators minimally diverge from a bureaucratic reimbursement or coverage standard. Most importantly, it would seek to finally provide a powerful incentive to American providers to “do less” without robbing doctors of their highly-valued autonomy or harming Medicare’s respectable quality of care. This would provide a long-awaited counterbalance to the considerable incentives that encourage providers to constantly provide more care in a time of fiscal cliffs and budget crises.
Network coding-based survivability techniques for multi-hop wireless networks

Network Coding-Based Survivability Techniques for Multi-hop Wireless Networks، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
A Review of “The New Entrepreneurial Leader: Developing Leaders Who Shape Social & Economic Opportunity”

“In many cases, precisely the wrong people attend (business school),” stated Seth Godin (2007, para. 20). “Schools ought to seek out entrepreneurs who are champing at the bit to get their businesse...
Detection of Alternaria allergens by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis

Allergens involved in sensitivity to Alternaria have not been well defined. We used crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) to study antigens in a crude A. alternata extract, which were capable of binding IgE in human serum. Sera from 35 patients sensitive to Alternaria, 10 not sensitive to Alternaria, and five normal controls were examined. CRIE with hyperimmune rabbit sera demonstrated 22 antigens in the Alternaria extract. After exposure of CRIE gels sequentially with patient serum and 125I-labeled anti-human IgE, autoradiography demonstrated that three of the antigens bound IgE in sera of Alternaria-sensitive subjects. Our results suggest that multiple allergens are involved in A. alternata sensitivity.
Effect of tetraethylammonium chloride (etamon chloride) on muscle spasm in poliomyelitis.

A series of 232 muscle functions were carefully evaluated on 17 patients, comparing the results obtained in the reduction of spasm using the intravenous administration of tetraethylammonium chloride (etamon chloride) with frequent stretching as opposed to the conventional hot packs with frequent stretching. The results were not statistically significant in showing the virtues of one form of therapy as opposed to the other. The subjective impression of the personnel involved and the preference of the patients for the medication make it seem reasonable to enlarge the series studied to determine its true place in the current poliomyelitis therapy.
Inflammation, Cancer, and Targets of Ginseng

Chronic inflammation is associated with a high cancer risk. At the molecular level, free radicals and aldehydes, produced during chronic inflammation, can induce deleterious gene mutation and posttranslational modifications of key cancer-related proteins. Other products of inflammation, including cytokines, growth factors, and transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB, control the expression of cancer genes (e.g., suppressor genes and oncogenes) and key inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These enzymes in turn directly influence reactive oxygen species and eicosanoid levels. The procancerous outcome of chronic inflammation is increased DNA damage, increased DNA synthesis, cellular proliferation, disruption of DNA repair pathways and cellular milieu, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis and invasion. Chronic inflammation is also associated with immunosuppression, which is a risk factor for cancer. Current treatment strategies for reactive species overload diseases are frequently aimed at treating or preventing the cause of inflammation. Although these strategies have led to some progress in combating reactive species overload diseases and associated cancers, exposure often occurs again after eradication, treatment to eradicate the cause fails, or the treatment has long-term side effects. Therefore, the identification of molecules and pathways involved in chronic inflammation and cancer is critical to the design of agents that may help in preventing the progression of reactive species overload disease and cancer associated with disease progression. Here, we use ginseng as an example of an antiinflammatory molecule that targets many of the key players in the inflammation-to-cancer sequence.
Reliability of poles in NESC grade C construction

The reliabilities of steel and wood poles designed according to the 1997 National Electric Safety Code provisions for Grade C construction were evaluated. It was found that the reliability of steel poles may be significantly higher than that of wood poles. Reasons for the discrepancy relate to the historical development of the deterministic design approach used in the National Electric Safety Code specifications. For correction of this discrepancy, fundamental principles of structural reliability were used to develop modified load factors and strength factors applicable to all materials under Grade C construction. A load factor of 1.75 is proposed for all materials, and a table of strength factors is proposed. The strength factors are a function both of the coefficient of variation of the pole strength and the lower exclusion limit corresponding to the nominal design strength value. As an interim measure, it is proposed that the modified load and strength factors for Grade C construction be allowed as an alternative approach in the National Electric Safety Code. Ultimately a complete rewriting of the National and-resistance-factor-design approach will be necessary to guarantee consistent safety levels across all materials and structure types.
DUSEL (Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory) and LBNE (Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment)

The proposed Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will explore the interactions and oscillations of a high-intensity neutrino beam sent from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) more than 1,000 kilometers away through the earth to DUSEL at the Homestake mine. DUSEL will be one of the worldʼs deepest underground laboratories and shield the LBNE neutrino detectors from cosmic particles at a depth of 4300 meters-water-equivalent. Two detector technologies are being considered: a 300 kTon Water Cherenkov detector deployed deep underground and a 50kT Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber (TPC). The physics sensitivities of the proposed experiments are summarized.
Effects of DCA on digitoxin toxicity in cats.

ConclusionThese observations failed to support the hypothesis that DCA potentiates the toxic effects of digitoxin.
Temporal variations in acid precipitation over New York State—what the 1965–1979 USGS data reveal

Abstract During the period from 1965 to 1979, the USGS collected rainfall samples throughout New York State. pH, sulfate, nitrate and calcium levels were measured, among other species. The statistical nature of the variation of these quantities with time was examined in this study. A preliminary step involved using ion balances and electrical conductivities to remove inconsistent measurements, which successfully reduced the amount of noise in the data. The time series analysis method of Box and Jenkins was applied; the results indicate that the long-term mean levels of hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate and calcium ion in the bulk (wet plus dry) precipitation samples were essentially constant. Use of the Box-Jenkins method was appropriate because samples that were collected close together in time were clearly more alike than those far apart, indicating autocorrelation. An analysis that fails to take this dependency into account could lead to incorrect conclusions.
Gender as a Boundary Condition of Models of Union Women’s Mental Health and Participation in Relation to Perceived Union Tolerance for Sexual Harassment

Do models of union women’s mental health and union participation extend to union men? To answer this question, we attempted to replicate two supported models using data from union men (N = 150): The interactional effect model of union women’s mental health and the conditional indirect effect model of women’s union participation (Mellor and Golay in Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2014a, Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 148, 73–91, 2014b). In both models, perceived union tolerance for sexual harassment is positioned as a moderator of the predictor-outcome relationship. Retests of the models did not suggest favorable replication. As such, neither model was extended to men. Implications for sexual harassment theory and union intervention are discussed.
Ellagic Acid Content in Small Fruits, Mayhaws, and Other Plants

Abstract Ellagic acid, a putative anticarcinogenic compound, was detected in plants of raayhaw (Crataegus spp.), false strawberry (Duchesnea indica), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), black currant (Ribes nigrum), thomless blackberry (Rubus subgenus Eubatus), red raspberry (Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus) and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon). Large differences in ellagic acid contents have been found among species and cultivars and also among tissues. Ellagic acid content in plant tissues is also affected by environmental factors and shows a seasonal variation in strawberry leaves. A decrease in ellagic acid content of leaves was associated with seasonal decreases in photoperiod and temperature from September to December. Ellagic acid content in the leaves of red raspberry infected with orange rust showed more than a three-fold increase compared to healthy leaves.
Sequence and evolution of the Drosophila pseudoobscura glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase locus

The Gpdh genomic region has been cloned and sequenced in Drosophila pseudoobscura. A total of 6.8 kb of sequence was obtained, encompassing all eight exons of the gene. The exons have been aligned with the sequence from D. melanogaster, and the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution have been compared to those of other genes sequenced in these two species. Gpdh has the lowest rate of nonsynonymous substitution yet seen in genes sequenced in both D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster. No insertion/deletion events were observed, and the overall architecture of the gene (i.e., intron sites, etc.) is conserved. An interesting amino acid reversal was noted between the D. melanogaster Fast allele and the D. pseudoobscura gene.