cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethyl­enediammonium tetra­kis({2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II)) bis­(perchlorate) dimethyl­formamide monosolvate

The title compound, (C2H10N2)[Ni(C16H14N2O2)]4(ClO4)2·C3H7NO, crystallizes with four Ni(salen) mol­ecules {salen is 2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolate}, one ethyl­enediammonium cation (actually two half-cations, each located on a center of inversion), two perchlorate anions and one dimethyl­formamide solvent mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. Each NiII cation in the Ni(salen) complex is four-coordinated by two imine N atoms and two phenolate O atoms from the tetra­dentate ligand. The Ni(salen) units form parallel slipped stacks with Ni⋯Ni separations of 3.4541 (4) and 3.6442 (6) A. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular hydrogen bonds between the ammonium H atoms and the perchlorate and salen O atoms, which generate a three-dimensional structure.
Opposing effects of humidity on rhodochrosite surface oxidation

Rhodochrosite (MnCO3) is a model mineral representing carbonate aerosol particles containing redox-active elements that can influence particle surface reconstruction in humid air, thereby affecting the heterogeneous transformation of important atmospheric constituents such as nitric oxides, sulfur dioxides, and organic acids. Using in situ atomic force microscopy, we show that the surface reconstruction of rhodochrosite in humid oxygen leads to the formation and growth of oxide nanostructures. The oxidative reconstruction consists of two consecutive processes with distinctive time scales, including a long waiting period corresponding to slow nucleation and a rapid expansion phase corresponding to fast growth. By varying the relative humidity from 55 to 78%, we further show that increasing humidity has opposing effects on the two processes, accelerating nucleation from 2.8(±0.2) × 10(-3) to 3.0(±0.2) × 10(-2) h(-1) but decelerating growth from 7.5(±0.3) × 10(-3) to 3.1(±0.1) × 10(-3) μm(2) h(-1). Through quantitative analysis, we propose that nanostructure nucleation is controlled by rhodochrosite surface dissolution, similar to the dissolution-precipitation mechanism proposed for carbonate mineral surface reconstruction in aqueous solution. To explain nanostructure growth in humid oxygen, a new Cabrera-Mott mechanism involving electron tunneling and solid-state diffusion is proposed.
On the Treatment of Political Parties in the U.S. Supreme Court, 1900-1986

This article contemplates the role the U.S. Supreme Court has played in the maintenance of the American two-party system. Specifically, we ask whether the Court has worked to constrain minor parties or to facilitate their efforts to become meaningful political entities. Our examination of litigation involving political parties depicts a Court that has remained "neutral" toward minor and major parties; indeed, we found some evidence of a positive relationship between minor parties and Court decisions, but only after we controlled for three other variables: cycles of American politics, case issues, and Court eras. These and other findings lead us to a number of conclusions about the role the Court plays in the American political system.
Path Transfer Probability for Vibration Transfer Path Systems with Translational and Rotational Motions in Time Range

A new way, which is used to analysis the path contribution, is presented for the vibration transfer path systems considering the interact of vibration source, transfer path and receiver. It is that the path contribution is evaluated using the path transfer probability. According to the dynamic characteristics of vibration systems, the new concept of path transfer probability is given. Based on the generalized probabilistic perturbation method and the reliability theory, the computational approach for path transfer probability with uncertain physics and geometry factors in time range are presented. The transfer probability of vibration transfer path systems with translational and rotational motions is analyzed and calculated via a numerical example, which shows that the proposed method is feasible.
MORE INFORMATION ON THE COCCIDIAN PARASITES (PROTOZOA: EIMERIIDAE) OF THE COLORADO PIKA, Ochotona princeps, WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES

The prevalence of 7 species of Coccidia is reported from 137 Colorado pikas, Ochotona princeps, collected on Mt. Evans, Clear Creek County, Colorado, during the summers of 1968, 1969, and 1971. Identification of the parasites was based on the structure of the unsporulated oocysts which, at least for those species that have been described to date from North American pika hosts, are highly distinctive for most species. Photographs illustrate the differences in size, shape, and form of the oocysts of the various species. A key to the Coccidia of pikas, based on the descriptions of sporulated oocysts, is presented.
Dynamics of coalescence of plugs with a hydrophilic wetting layer induced by flow in a microfluidic chemistrode

This manuscript analyzes the dynamics of coalescence of an incoming aqueous plug with a wetting layer above a hydrophilic surface in the chemistrode. The chemistrode is a recently described (Chen, D.; Du, W.; Liu, Y.; Liu, W.; Kuznetsov, A.; Mendez, F. E.; Philipson, L. H.; Ismagilov, R. F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 16843–16848) microfluidic analogue of an electrode, but operating at the chemical rather than electrical level, developed with the aim of capturing local stimulus-response processes in chemistry and biology. The chemistrode consists of open-ended V-shaped microfluidic channels that can be brought into contact with a chemical or biological hydrophilic substrate. The chemistrode relies on multiphase aqueous/fluorous flow and uses plugs to achieve high temporal resolution of stimulation and sampling. Coalescence of the incoming plugs, containing the stimuli, with the liquid in the wetting layer is required for chemical exchange to take place in the chemistrode. Here, we investigate...
Reply to: ‘The increased risk of adverse outcomes in bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstruction compared to unilateral reconstruction’

1. The authors eloquently established their reason for expressing the prevalence of adverse events per patient rather than per flap. This is important if our goal is to have informed pre-operative discussions with our patients. Simply put, flaps do not sue; patients do. For that reason, the more information that can be conveyed to the patient pre-operatively, the better. 2. The authors honestly admitted that their findings could be explained by selection bias and more importantly that their findings might be statistically significant, but clinically unimportant.
Chandra observations of diffuse gas and luminous X-ray sources around the X-ray-bright elliptical galaxy NGC 1600

We observed the X-ray-bright E3 galaxy NGC 1600 and nearby members of the NGC 1600 group with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory ACIS-S3 to study their X-ray properties. Unresolved emission dominates the observation; however, we resolved some of the emission into 71 sources, most of which are low-mass X-ray binaries associated with NGC 1600. Twenty-one of the sources have LX > 2 ? 1039 ergs s-1 (0.3-10.0 keV; assuming they are at the distance of NGC 1600), marking them as ultraluminous X-ray point source (ULX) candidates; we expect that only 11 ? 2 are unrelated foreground/background sources. NGC 1600 may have the largest number of ULX candidates in an early-type galaxy to date; however, cosmic variance in the number of background active galactic nuclei cannot be ruled out. The spectrum and luminosity function (LF) of the resolved sources are more consistent with sources found in other early-type galaxies than with sources found in star-forming regions of galaxies. The source LF and the spectrum of the unresolved emission both indicate that there are a large number of unresolved point sources. We propose that these sources are associated with globular clusters (GCs) and that NGC 1600 has a large GC specific frequency. Observations of the GC population in NGC 1600 would be very useful for testing this prediction. Approximately 50%-75% of the unresolved flux comes from diffuse gaseous emission. The spectral fits, hardness ratios, and X-ray surface brightness profile all point to two gas components. We interpret the soft inner component (a 25'', kT ~ 0.85 keV) as the interstellar medium of NGC 1600 and the hotter outer component (a 25'', kT ~ 1.5 keV) as the intragroup medium of the NGC 1600 group. The X-ray image shows several interesting structures. First, there is a central region of excess emission that is roughly cospatial with H? and dust filaments immediately west of the center of NGC 1600. There appear to be holes in the X-ray emission to the north and south of the galaxy center that are roughly coincident with the lobes of the NGC 1600 radio source. On larger scales, there is excess emission to the northeast, which we suggest may indicate the center of the group potential. The group galaxy NGC 1603 shows a tail of X-ray emission to its west that is probably due to ram pressure stripping.
China's jurisdiction over its offshore petroleum resources

Abstract The recent promulgation of China's offshore petroleum regulations has attracted worldwide attention. The law is of particular importance to foreign investors due to possible massive involvement of foreign interests in China's biggest oil venture. However, the success of this multi‐billion‐dollar offshore oil development program hinges on a single issue: to what extent does China have the sovereign rights over its offshore mineral resources? The aim of the present paper is to: (1) Review China's position on the continental shelf regime; (2) Discuss China's maritime boundary problems with its coastal neighbors in light of the new law of the sea; (3) Analyze China's options under the status quo in the region; and (4) Note briefly China's oil development policy based on the new offshore regulations.
Impact response of fire damaged polymer-based composite materials

Abstract The structural integrity and impact resistance of composite structures used in a wide range of applications can be dramatically debilitated because of catastrophic events. Fire exposure can significantly reduce the structural integrity and impact resistance of a composite structure in a short period of time ( 100 s) of fire exposure, the boundary conditions made little difference in terms of the overall peak force attained and the contact stiffness. The local density variations in balsa wood cells of the core were found to influence the fire progression in the core, and the corresponding impact response. A lower density (150 kg m−3) balsa wood core was observed to insulate the facesheet more than one with a higher density (180 kg m−3) when exposed to fire. Insulation provided by the core resulted in accumulation of heat in the facesheet (and thereby greater thermal damage), ultimately causing greater loss of contact stiffness and peak contact force at early fire exposure times (0–100 s). A rule-of-mixtures model that estimates the post-fire mechanical properties has been combined with an impact response model that is based on classical plate theory to predict the post-fire loss of impact stiffness for an E-glass/VE laminate subjected to LVI.
Addition of activated acetylenes to coordinated polysulfide ligands. 2. Synthesis of the Fe2[S2C2(COOCH3)2]42- dithiolene complex by the addition of CH3OOCC.tplbond.CCOOCH3 to the (Fe2S12)2- anion. The crystal and molecular structure of (Ph4P)2Fe2[S2C2(COOCH3)2]4

Le compose cristallise dans le groupe P1 avec a=12,343, b=13,710 et c=14,787 A, α=63,79, β=68,23 et γ=85,32°. Affinement jusqu'a R=5,15%. Coordination pyramidale tetragonale autour des atomes Fe. Spectre RMN et etudes magnetiques
Evidence for static displacements from the June 9, 1994 Deep Bolivian Earthquake

The 1994 Bolivian Earthquake (Mw=8.3) was recorded on-scale by 8 very-broadband stations deployed approximately 600 km south of the epicenter. When these seismograms are carefully converted to ground displacement, there appears to be a static offset which is on order of 2 cm. We have modeled the waveforms with a synthetic waveform method that contains near-, intermediate- and far-field terms. Although the synthetics are only calculated for an elastic half-space, they compare favorably with the observed waveform in terms of shape. However, the theoretical amplitude is 1/2 of the observed static offset, which probably reflects the limitations of a homogeneous half-space model and/or the instabilities in deconvolution.
Preparation of 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives of S-Triazines

Eleven symmetrical triazine derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole substituents have been prepared. The derivatives with 1,2,4-triazole substituents were synthesized by reacting N,N '-diformylhydrazine with certain amine derivatives of cyanuric chloride. The derivatives with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole substituents were synthesized by reacting 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with cyanuric chloride per se. Five of the derivatives were screened for anticarcinogenic and herbicidal properties. No anticarcinogenic or herbicidal effects were detected. Mouse behavior studies showed that three of the five were weak central nervous system depressants.
Effect of Sodium Nitrite Concentration, Sodium Erythorbate and Storage Time on the Quality of Franks Manufactured from Mechanically Deboned Turkey

The effects of sodium nitrite (0-156 ppm), sodium erythorbate (0 or 550 ppm) and storage time (up to 10 wk at 4°C) were measured on the chemical and sensory properties of turkey franks formulated largely from mechanically deboned turkey (MDT), Residual nitrite in the finished product was proportional to that incorporated at time of formulation and was reduced by using small initial amounts in combination with the maximum allowable erythorbate (550 ppm). Acceptable cured color in turkey franks was achieved with the incorporation of 50 ppm of nitrite. Erythorbate effectively increased cured color development and stability, particularly with smaller amounts of nitrite. Rancidity development in turkey franks was not of major significance. Even so, the presence of erythorbate imposed further control of oxidative changes in lipids. Maximum cured flavor development occurred with 50–100 ppm nitrite.
Does previous chest wall irradiation increase vascular complications in free autologous breast reconstruction

Background:Prior radiation therapy to the chest, in theory, has a detrimental impact on the recipient vessels in breast reconstruction and may impact microvascular success. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prereconstruction radiation therapy affects the rate of vascular complicatio
Enhanced sensitivity to methadone in adult rats perinatally exposed to methadone.

Abstract Adult rats, maternally exposed to methadone during gestation and/or lactation, were evaluated for thermoregulatory and nociceptive responsiveness following a challenge with 5 mg/kg (i.p.) methadone. Prior to drug administration, female rats in the gestation and gestation-lactation groups and all male rats perinatally exposed to methadone were subnormal in body temperature. One hour after acute methadone injection, male control rats were hypothermic. All groups of methadone-treated offspring exhibited a marked lowering in body temperature with respect to their pre-injection levels, as well as in regard to values of methadone-administered control animals. Prior to drug administration, male rats of the gestation-lactation group and female rats of the gestation and lactation groups had elevated nociceptive thresholds. Except for male rats in the lactation group, animals treated with methadone perinatally had longer latencies in response to the hot-plate relative to their pre-injection values, as well as to levels of methadone-injected controls. Three days after acute methadone administration, some groups of rats subjected to this drug during gestation and/or lactation were found to be hypothermic and hypalgesic in respect to their pre-injection values, and also relative to control rats. These results suggest that exposure to methadone early in life can have a profound influence on drug response in adulthood.
Phase II Trial of High-Dose Conformal Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Hepatic Artery Floxuridine for Unresectable Intrahepatic Malignancies

Purpose A phase II trial was conducted to determine if high-dose radiation with concurrent hepatic arterial floxuridine would improve survival in patients with unresectable intrahepatic malignancies. Patients and Methods Three-dimensional conformal high-dose radiation therapy was delivered concurrently with hepatic arterial floxuridine in 128 patients. The radiation dose was based on a normal-tissue complication probability model and subjected the patient to an estimated maximum risk of radiation-induced liver disease of 10% to 15%. The study design provided more than 80% power to detect a two-fold increase in median survival compared with historical controls at a 5% significance level. Results The median radiation dose delivered was 60.75 Gy (1.5-Gy fractions bid). At a median follow-up time of 16 months (26 months in patients who were alive) the median survival was 15.8 months (95% CI, 12.6 to 18.3 months), significantly longer than in the historical control. The actuarial 3-year survival was 17%. The t...
The effect of simulated function on the retention of bar-clip retained removable prostheses.

Abstract Patients wearing bar-clip retained removable prostheses may have loss of retention because of changes within the bar-clip assembly. This in vitro study recorded and compared the retention of one- and two-clip retained simulated mandibular complete denture prostheses before and after simulated function. Cast metal Hader bars and clip holders were used to make 10 one-clip and 10 two-clip specimen pairs. Tensile removal values before and after simulated function were recorded and compared by repeated- measures analysis of variance and Student t tests (significance level 0.05). The results revealed that the use of two clips instead of one significantly increased retention of the simulated prosthesis. It was also found that there was a significant loss of retention after the specimens were placed on the bars and then removed once for both the one- and two-clip groups. Simulated function did not cause a significant change in retention for either group.
New stable isotope method to measure protein digestibility and response to pancreatic enzyme intake in cystic fibrosis

Summary Background & aims Adequate protein intake and digestion are necessary to prevent muscle wasting in cystic fibrosis (CF). Accurate and easy-to-use methodology to quantify protein maldigestion is lacking in CF. Objective To measure protein digestibility and the response to pancreatic enzyme intake in CF by using a new stable isotope methodology. Design In 19 CF and 8 healthy subjects, protein digestibility was quantified during continuous (sip) feeding for 6 h by adding 15 N-labeled spirulina protein and L-[ring- 2 H 5 ]phenylalanine (PHE) to the nutrition and measuring plasma ratio [ 15 N]PHE to [ 2 H 5 ]PHE. Pancreatic enzymes were ingested after 2 h in CF and the response in protein digestibility was assessed. To exclude difference in mucosal function, postabsorptive whole-body citrulline (CIT) production rate was measured by L-[5- 13 C-5,5- 2 H 2 ]-CIT pulse and blood samples were taken to analyze tracer-tracee ratios. Results Protein digestibility was severely reduced in the CF group (47% of healthy subjects; P n = 10) and adults showed comparable values for protein digestibility and similar kinetic responses to pancreatic enzyme intake. Whole-body citrulline production was elevated in CF indicating preserved mucosal function. Conclusion Protein digestibility is severely compromised in patients with CF as measured by this novel and easy-to-use stable isotope approach. Pancreatic enzymes are able to normalize protein digestibility in CF, albeit with a severe delay. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov = NCT01494909.
Dynamics of ESCRT protein recruitment during retroviral assembly.

The ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) complexes and associated proteins mediate membrane scission reactions, such as multi-vesicular body formation, the terminal stages of cytokinesis and retroviral particle release. These proteins are believed to be sequentially recruited to the site of membrane scission, and then complexes are disassembled by the ATPase Vps4A. However these events have never been observed in living cells and their dynamics are unknown. By quantifying the recruitment of several ESCRT and associated proteins during the assembly of two retroviruses, we show that Alix progressively accumulated at viral assembly sites, coincident with the accumulation of the major viral structural protein, Gag, and was not recycled after assembly. In contrast, ESCRT-III and Vps4A were only transiently recruited when the accumulation of Gag was complete. These data suggest that the rapid and transient recruitment of proteins that act late in the ESCRT pathway and carry out membrane fission is triggered by prior and progressive accumulation of proteins that bridge viral proteins and the late-acting ESCRT proteins.
Sorbitol pathway in diabetic and galactosemic rat lens

Abstract 1. 1. Studies were conducted to assess the effect of diabetes and galactosemia on various factors involved in the operation of the polyol pathway in rat lens. 2. 2. It has been found that in diabetic lens the activity of aldose reductase is increased while that of polyol dehydrogenase is decreased. Aldose reductase appears unaffected by galactosemia. 3. 3. In diabetes the content of total NADPH is higher than normal. In galactosemia, it is maintained at normal level. The content of total NAD is decreased and of total NADH increased, in both diabetes as well as in galactosemia. 4. 4. It has been demonstrated that the formation in the intact lens is accelerated in diabetes.
Factors facilitating adjustment to unemployment: Implications for intervention

Conducted a community survey in the Fall of 1984 in a sample of high unemployment blue-collar census tracts in southeastern Michigan. Results of earlier analyses using these data showed that involuntarily unemployed workers had significantly elevated levels of depression, anxiety, somatization, and self-reported physical illness relative to a stably employed comparison group (Kessler, House, & Turner, 1987). Results presented in this paper document that this relationship is modified by social support (as measured by social integration and the availability of a confidant), self-concept, and various coping processes. Further analyses allowed us to determine the way in which these modifiers operate. The modifying effects of social support and coping operate primarily by buffering the impact of unemployment-related financial strain on the health outcomes. Self-concept operates primarily by attenuating vulnerability to other stressful life events. The implications of these results for the design and implementation of preventive interventions are discussed.
PITUITARY WEIGHT IN GROWING NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS IN RELATION TO LIVE WEIGHT1

PITUITARY growth relative to normal post-natal body growth in New Zealand white rabbits, although influenced by the functional activity of other endo-crine glands (1), exhibits a type of constancy, when large bodies of data are used, sufficient to permit calculation of prediction tables of normal pituitary growth, study of the effect of sex differentiation on the pituitary-body weight relation, and comparison of pituitary size in this breed of rabbit, with that found in other animals of similar body weight. In other and mixed breeds of rabbits, sex differences in pituitary-body weight relations have not been found significant (2, 3), but in New Zealand white rabbits, the pituitaries of the females have been reported as slightly heavier (4). That breed differences may exist within a species in this respect is shown by the fact that the pituitaries of female albino rats are much heavier than those of the males (5) while a like difference between sexes does not exist in Norway rats.
Playing the Race Card in the Post–Willie Horton Era The Impact of Racialized Code Words on Support for Punitive Crime Policy

To date, little is known about the precise impact of racially coded words and phrases. Instead, most of what we know about racialized messages comes from studies that focus on pictorial racial cues (for exam- ple, the infamous "Willie Horton" ad) or on messages with an extensive textual narrative that is laced with implicit racial cues. Because in a "post- Horton" era strategic use of racially coded words will often be far more subtle than those explored in past studies, we investigate the power of a single phrase believed by many to carry strong racial connotations: "inner city." We do so by embedding an experiment in a national survey of whites, where a random half of respondents was asked whether they support spending money for prisons (versus antipoverty programs) to lock up "violent criminals," while the ot her half was asked about "violent inner city criminals." Consistent with the literature on issue framing, we find that whites' racial attitudes (for ex ample, racial stereotypes) were much more important in shaping preferences for punitive policies when they receive the racially coded, "inner ci ty" question. Our results demonstrate how easy it is to continue "playing the race card" in the post-Willie Hor- ton era, as well as some of the l imits of such framing effects among whites with more positive racial attitudes.
Israeli Unilateralism and Israeli–Palestinian Relations, 2001–2006

Israeli–Palestinian relations witnessed dramatic changes from 2001–2006. Sharon came to power, the second intifada (uprising) raged, Arafat died, Israel withdrew from Gaza, and Sharon fell ill and out of political life. Israel's embrace of unilateralism led to the Gaza disengagement and the construction of a barrier in the West Bank. Why did Israel embrace unilateralism? Israel's unilateral approach to the Palestinian question resulted from the failure of three other approaches to addressing the conflict: bilateral diplomacy, Greater Israel and settlements, and military suppression. Unilateralism was not inevitable, but Israelis and Palestinians missed opportunities to pursue other pathways. The United States also missed chances to jump-start bilateral diplomacy. The United States role in these years was less consistent and less pro-active than under the first President Bush and President Clinton.
The adiabatic semiclassical perturbation theory for vibrationally inelastic scattering. I - Collinear calculations. II - Three-dimensional treatment

A semiclassical approximation to treat vibrationally inelastic scattering is developed. The vibrational basis set used is adiabatic with respect to a reference potential which is chosen to be as close as possible to the true potential and also gives easily obtainable solutions to the vibrational wave equation. The radial wave functions are obtained using the WKB approximation, and the coupled Schroedinger equations are solved by a first-order perturbation method to yield a phase shift matrix which is exponentiated to give the full scattering matrix. Results were obtained for all the cases computed by Secrest and Johnson and by Clark and Dickinson, and the agreement is better than 10% for half of the cross-sections and rarely off by more than a factor of 2.
The balanced hypercube: a cube-based system for fault-tolerant applications

In this paper, we present an interconnection structure, called the balanced hypercube, which is a variation of the standard hypercube with desirable properties of strong connectivity, regularity, and symmetry. The proposed structure is a special type of load balanced graph designed to tolerate processor failure. In balanced hypercubes, each processor has a backup (matching) processor that shares the same set of neighboring nodes. Therefore, tasks that run on a faulty processor can be reactivated in the backup processor to provide efficient system reconfiguration. Other properties of balanced hypercubes are examined. It is also shown that odd-dimensional balanced hypercubes have smaller diameters than that of standard hypercubes. As an application of balanced hypercubes, we show a fault-tolerant embedding of rings in balanced hypercubes.
Decision support tool for predicting aircraft arrival rates from weather forecasts

The principle bottlenecks of the air traffic control system are the major commercial airports. Atlanta, Detroit, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Newark, Philadelphia, and LaGuardia all expect to be at least 98% capacity by 2012. Due to their cost and the environmental and noise issues associated with construction, it is unlikely that any new airports will be built in the near future. Therefore to make the National Airspace System run more efficiently, techniques to more effectively use the limited airport capacity must be developed Air Traffic Management has always been a tactical exercise, with decisions being made to counter near term problems. Since decisions are made quickly, limited time is available to plan out alternate options that may better alleviate arrival flow problems at airports. Extra time means nothing when there is no way to anticipate future operations, therefore predictive tools are required to provide advance notice of future air traffic delays. This research describes how to use Support Vector Machines (SVM) to predict future airport capacity. The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is used as an independent variable within the SVM to predict Aircraft Arrival Rates (AAR) which depict airport capacity. Within a decision support tool, the AAR can be derived to determine Ground Delay Program (GDP) program rate and duration and passenger delay. Real world examples are included to highlight the usefulness of this research to airlines, air traffic managers, and the flying consumer. New strategies to minimize the effect of weather on arrival flow are developed and current techniques are discussed and integrated into the process. The introduction of this decision support tool will expand the amount of time available to make decisions and move resources to implement plans.
Prolonged mechanical ventilation with air induces apoptosis and causes failure of alveolar septation and angiogenesis in lungs of newborn mice.

Defective lung septation and angiogenesis, quintessential features of neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD), typically result from lengthy exposure of developing lungs to mechanical ventilation (MV) ...
Some Theories of Emotion in Music and Their Implications for Research in Music Psychology

Work in musical aesthetics on musical meaning is relevant to psychological research on musical expressions of emotion. Distinctions between simple emotions, higher emotions, and moods are given, an...
High current high accuracy IGBT pulse generator

A solid state pulse generator capable of delivering high current triangular or trapezoidal pulses into an inductive load has been developed at SLAC. Energy stored in a capacitor bank of the pulse generator is switched to the load through a pair of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). The circuit can then recover the remaining energy and transfer it back to the capacitor bank without reversing the capacitor voltage. A third IGBT device is employed to control the initial charge to the capacitor bank, a command charging technique, and to compensate for pulse to pulse power losses. The rack mounted pulse generator contains a 525 /spl mu/F capacitor bank. It can deliver 500 A at 900 V into inductive loads up to 3 mH. The current amplitude and discharge time are controlled to 0.02% accuracy by a precision controller through the SLAC central computer system. This pulse generator drives a series pair of extraction dipoles.
The effects of laterally varying icy shell structure on the tidal response of Ganymede and Europa

We use a finite-element model to solve for the response of Ganymede and Europa to tidal forcing from Jupiter, using various icy shell models with laterally variable (3-D) structure. In all cases, the shell is assumed to be underlain by a liquid-water ocean. Icy shells with laterally varying thickness are derived from a thermal conduction model. Three-dimensional shear modulus profiles for the shell are built either from a conduction model or, for Europa, by assuming a hemispherical difference in composition. Icy shell structures with a nonglobal ocean are built for Ganymede. Using these shell structures to calculate the tidal response of Ganymede and Europa, we conclude the following: (1) the presence of lateral variations in thickness or in shear modulus would not degrade future attempts to use tidal observations to decide on the existence or absence of a liquid ocean and to determine the mean icy shell thickness. (2) Given accurate enough observations, the presence of lateral variations in thickness or in shear modulus could be determined by searching for nondegree-2 components in the tidal response. (3) In the absence of significant viscous convective flow in the shell, the effects of a laterally varying shear modulus on the tidal response would be smaller than those of a laterally varying shell thickness. (4) If the shell is partially grounded, tidal observations of either gravity or uplift would be able to roughly differentiate regions where the ice is grounded from those where it is floating.
Developing Strategies to Minimize the Impact of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Focus on Cefepime

Among the many antimicrobial-resistance mechanisms identified in disease-causing bacteria, extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) are of particular concern to clinicians and epidemiologists. ESBLs confer resistance to a broad range of commonly used b-lactams, including such thirdgeneration cephalosporins as ceftazidime. In the 20 years since the first ESBL-producing organisms were identified, ESBLproducing strains have become widespread and have been found in every region of the world. In addition, focal outbreaks are not uncommon occurrences. The number of new ESBL enzyme species continues to grow, and this trend is likely to continue. From a clinical standpoint, ESBLs pose a particularly acute threat, because they are found primarily in common nosocomial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Before the advent of ESBLs, most of these infections could be confidently treated with third-generation cephalosporins. ESBLs pose a number of serious challenges to physicians, because they can be difficult to identify in the clinical microbiology laboratory and because they restrict therapeutic options. Furthermore, inappropriate therapy with third-generation cephalosporins may result in increased morbidity and mortality. The clinical significance of ESBLs has made them and the pathogens that express them the focus of intense study—they are the subject of numerous new reports from laboratories and medical centers around the world that appear monthly in the literature. The impetus for developing this supplement to Clinical Infectious Diseases includes the recent surge of information on ESBLs and the publication of clinical studies evaluating new strategies for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by resistant organisms. The clinical and nonclinical aspects of ESBLs are examined in the 3 articles in this supplement. The articles review and incorporate the latest laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological findings, thereby offering a current and comprehensive survey of the current knowledge of ESBLs and the relative efficacy of available therapies.
Derivation of Nonperturbative Relativistic Two-Body Equations from the Action Principle in Quantumelectrodynamics

For two fermion fields Ψ1(x) and Ψ2(x) interacting with the electromagnetic field via the minimal and Pauli-couplings we introduce a composite field ϕ(x1, x2). The total action can be rewritten in terms of ϕ and its time derivatives if we use the physical retarded Green's functions Dret (corresponding to an effective to (1/2)(Dret + Dadv) = D) between two particles. The variation of the action with respect to ϕ gives then exact covariant two-body, one-time, equations with relativistic potentials. The center of motion can be covariantly separated leading to an infinite component wave equation for the composite system, which reduces to the well-known covariant wave equation for the moving H-atom in the limit m2 ∞.
Sequential Determination of the {1, 4}-Inverse of a Matrix

In this paper, we provide a set of results for the sequential determination of the {1, 4}-generalized inverse of a matrix. This inverse is of importance in areas where the minimal norm solution of a system of algebraic equations is desired.
Leaderboards in a virtual classroom: A test of stereotype threat and social comparison explanations for women's math performance.

Abstract Gamification includes the use of gaming features, such as points or leaderboards, in non-gaming contexts, and is a frequently-discussed trend in education. One way of gamifying the classroom is to introduce leaderboards. Leaderboards allow students to see how they are performing relative to others in the same class. Little empirical research has investigated the impact of leaderboards on academic performance. In this study, 80 female undergraduates took a math test in a virtual representation of a classroom after being exposed to one of three leaderboard conditions: a leaderboard where men held the majority of the top positions, a leaderboard where women held the majority of top positions, and a no leaderboard condition. Participants in the female majority leaderboard condition performed more poorly on the math test than those in the male leaderboard condition, yet demonstrated a higher level of academic identification than those in the male and control conditions. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications that this study's findings may have for the use of leaderboards within educational environments.
Antipsychotic Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients

Special consideration is required when prescribing antipsychotic drugs for patients with an existing diagnosis of breast cancer. The package inserts of all approved antipsychotics contain precautions regarding their administration in this patient group. These drugs are well known to elevate serum prolactin levels to varying degrees. Overexpression of the prolactin receptor is seen in more than 95% of human breast cancers. Many genes that are activated by the prolactin receptor are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer cell proliferation. The authors discuss the pathophysiology, clinical implications, and pertinent preclinical data and make specific recommendations regarding the use of antipsychotics in patients with breast cancer.
Long Memory in Emerging Market Stock Returns

Many authors have investigated the possibility of long memory in asset returns. Generally, very little evidence has been found for long memory in either stock returns or exchange rate returns. This paper applies the log-periodogram regression to a wide range of emerging market stock returns and finds some evidence for positive long memory in 7 of the 17 series considered.
Early First-Grade Skills Related to Subsequent Reading Performance: A Seven Year Followup Study

Reports seven-year followup study of 56 Ss to assess contributions of first-grade skills to subsequent reading performance. The Harrison-Stroud Reading Readiness Profiles and WISC were administered to Ss early in first grade to form a pool of 19 skill tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to screen the skill tests to arrive at a set of independent and significant reading predictors. Results showed that two slightly different sets of skills emerged as short- and long-term predictors. In grade one and two, the ability to understand that printed words stand for ideas and the ability to make visual discriminations were important. Information background and reasoning ability emerged as significant predictors for the long term beginning in second and third grades. The ability to name letters proved a significant and independent predictor at every grade level. An analysis of the relationship of letter naming to other skills revealed that letter-naming ability in early first grade was related to a variety...
Zeros of the multiparticle generating function in hadronic scattering models

Feynman and Wilson have proposed an analogy between the physics of multiparticle production and the description of a gas of molecules in statistical mechanics. The zeros of the grand partition function are known to play an essential role in the thermodynamic description of a gas. Motivated by the Feynman-Wilson gas analogy, Khuri has recently shown that the zeros of the multiparticle generating function play an equally important role in hadronic scattering. In particular, Khuri has shown that hadronic theories satisfying unitarity and the Froissart bound and having a nonshrinking nearest zero of the multiparticle generating function will have an improved Froissart bound on the total hadronic cross section. The improvement of the bound resulting from a nonshrinking nearest zero is essentially from ln(s/s$sub 0$)$sup 2$ to ln(s/s$sub 0$). This work applies a number of mathematical techniques of statistical mechanics to study the behavior of the nearest zero of the multiparticle generating function in a general class of hadronic production models. Sufficient conditions are found which control the shrinkage of the nearest zero in production models with general, multibody interactions. The reduction of the conditions to the simpler case of two-body interactions and the physical interpretation of the sufficient conditions aremore » discussed. Multiperipheral models are shown to be a small subclass of the two-body interaction models. (AIP)« less
Exploring Ideas for the Design, Structure, and Organization of Campus Ministry in Urban Areas

Abstract Campus ministry, especially in urban areas, has represented an area of frustration and discouragement for many mainline denominations. In this paper, we explore some of the issues involved and apply them to ongoing work to redesign a specific urban campus ministry. While results are not yet available, the work which is being done suggests that there may be exciting new ways to approach this aspect of ministry.
The development of porcine models of obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Despite aggressive research aimed at understanding the myriad biochemical factors that are integrated to balance energy intake and expenditure to maintain normal body weight, obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, and the long-term success of prevention and intervention strategies is minimal. Because much of the scientific literature addressing obesity has originated with rodent models, there is considerable interest among researchers and funding agencies in the development of comparative animal models. Furthermore, numerous disparate results between rodent models and humans (i.e., adipsin, leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and other adipokines) have hindered the translation of rodent data into actionable technologies for humans. The pig is an exceptional restenosis model, and is emerging rapidly as a biomedical model for energy metabolism and obesity in humans because it is devoid of brown fat postnatally and because of their similar metabolic features, cardiovascular systems, and proportional organ sizes. This article highlights the current literature devoted to the development of porcine models for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, with a particular emphasis on the role of adipose tissue and adipokines in the regulation of energy balance and the inflammation associated with obesity.
The economics of happiness

Daedalus Spring 2004 Most of us, I think it is safe to say, would like to be happier, would like, indeed, to hold the ‘keys to happiness.’ For centuries the contemplation of this desire was the exclusive preserve of philosophers and theologians, who speculated and offered prescriptions on ‘the good life.’ Only fairly recently has it come into the domain of social science– 1⁄2rst in psychiatry, where depression had been the object of concern, and then, since around 1950, in the mainstream social sciences. The impetus for social science research in this area during the last half century has been the development of population surveys inquiring into people’s feelings of well-being. A very simple survey question, for example, might ask a respondent, “In general, how happy would you say you are–very happy, pretty happy, or not so happy?” Another question might be, “How satis1⁄2ed are you with your life as a whole– very, somewhat, so-so, not very, or not at all?” Over the years a substantial methodological literature has developed to consider the value of the answers to such questions. The professional consensus is that the responses, though not unproblematic, are meaningful and reasonably comparable among various groups of individuals. Although there are subtle differences between happiness and life satisfaction, I will treat them for the present purpose as interchangeable measures of overall feelings of well-being, that is, of subjective well-being. My focus will be on what we are learning from the survey data on the causes of subjective wellbeing, and, based on this, what we might do as individuals to improve it. As I go along I shall discuss two prominent and contrasting theories of wellbeing, one from psychology, one from economics. In psychology, setpoint theory has gained increasing attention in the last decade or so. Each individual is thought to have a 1⁄2xed setpoint of happiness or life satisfaction determined by genetics and personality; life events such as marriage or divorce, job loss, or serious injury or disease may temporarily Richard A. Easterlin
Enhancing Knowledge Management With XML

Knowledge Management involves gathering, categorizing, storing and sharing of knowledge. There are several available tools that can be used to build a knowledge management infrastruc-ture to achieve its goals. This paper discusses issues involved in designing an information Portal using XML-based tools. As compared to traditional HTML-based portals, use of XML offers several benefits - it provides a great way of efficiently aggregating, classifying, and presenting both structured and unstructured content over the Internet or similar networks.
The role of corporate oil and energy debt in creating the neoliberal era

This article examines the relationship between the United States's rapid loss of energy sovereignty in the 1970s and the rise of speculative finance and neoliberal ideology that reshaped global trade relationships. Prevailing academic analysis of the neoliberal economy understates the tight relationship between the U.S. corporate state's influence over oil markets and persistent U.S. global hegemony since the 1973 energy crisis. During the Keynesian era, U.S. power was backed by actual geopolitical control over oil production, but after the 1970s, the influence of the so-called Washington Consensus enforcing neoliberal policies derived in large part from leverage over international “energy debt” that propped up the U.S. dollar, allowing continued capital accumulation by banks and corporations via financial speculation, while disguising global energy risk. The article thus examines the roles of major U.S. oil companies in shaping neoliberal policies from which they benefited, the relationship of militarism to oil company profit, and the essential role of speculative debt financing in permitting otherwise uneconomic production of fossil fuels with low “energy return on investment” in the new era of climate change and resource limits.