cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic study of the human skin microbiome associated with acne

The human microbiota contributes to our normal postnatal development and plays a significant role in defining our physiology. To understand the role of microbiota in human health and disease, we study the skin microbiome in pilosebaceous units (hair follicles) and its association with acne.Acne is one of the most common skin diseases. Although its etiology still needs to be defined, a bacterial factor has been suggested in the development of the disease. In fact, antibiotic therapy targeting Propionibacterium acnes has been a mainstay treatment for more than 30 years.Our preliminary study shows that the microcomedone, a specialized skin compartment where acne arises, has a tractable microbiome, with a single dominant species, P. acnes. This system offers a unique advantage allowing in-depth analysis of a human microbiome at the subspecies level by sequencing. Our preliminary study suggests that the microbiome associated with acne offers promise for understanding the correlation between the composition of the microbiome and human health and disease.The goal of the project is to determine whether the microbiota in the pilosebaceous units contributes to acne. We plan to investigate the microbiome associated with acne in three directions. First, we plan to investigate the strain diversity of P. acnes in a disease cohort and a normal cohort and examine whether certain strains of P. acnes are correlated with the disease. Second, we plan to investigate the non- P. acnes microbes in microcomedones and disease lesions and examine whether they correlate with acne pathogenesis. Third, we will examine the interactions between the microbes and the host by transcriptional profiling of both the microbiota and the host.During the first year of this project, two main questions were asked. 1. Are certain strains of P. acnes associated with acne, but rarely found in normal individuals? 2. If specific strains are associated with acne, what are the differences in their genetic composition compared to other P. acnes strains that are not associated with acne? We collected microcomedone samples from more than 100 subjects, including acne patients and normal individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample, and 16S rDNA was amplified using universal primers (8F and 1510R), cloned and sequenced using Sanger method. Approximately 384 near full length 16S rDNA sequences were obtained for each sample. Some of the microcomedone samples were also cultured under anaerobic condition to isolate different P. acnes strains. Sixty-eight isolates were selected for whole genome shotgun sequencing using Solexa/Illumina platform. By the end of the first year of the project, we completed the sequencing of more than 40,000 16S rDNA clones and 68 genomes of P. acnes isolates.
Modelling the Sharing of Resources across Collaborative Sessions

Service-oriented architectures can be used to provide multiple simultaneous sessions to users that wish to communicate over a variety of media. This gives rise to rich, highly effective communication sessions that can greatly enhance userspsila interaction. For example, a health services virtual organization seeks to use such tools for a variety of purposes: virtual patient simulation, anatomical visualization and virtually sharing cadaveric dissections. We propose SAVOIR, Service-oriented Architecture for Virtual Or- ganization Resource and Infrastructure for this task, where tools and applications are resources and they can be accessed and controlled via Web Services. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for modeling sessions in SAVOIR by using Web Ontology Language (OWL). We express in OWL 1.1 constraints on when sessions can and cannot be run or cannot be run concurrently with the ses- sions now running. There are several types of violations: aggregate bandwidth may exceed capacity, network infras- tructure may not be available, too many users may want to access a limited shared resource, etc. The session scheduler depends on the OWL 1.1 description logic reasoner to evaluate the session for violation of these constraints before the session is allowed to be scheduled.
Hausdorff operator on the unit polydisk in

We define Hausdorff type operator on the polydisk Un and obtain an upper bound for the operator norm on Hardy spaces H p (Un ) for 1≤p<∞. We also study the boundedness of the adjoint operator on Hardy spaces. For the case 1≤p≤2, the proofs of the results are new even in one-dimensional case.
Disparities in Built and Natural Features of Urban Parks: Comparisons by Neighborhood Level Race/Ethnicity and Income

Known associations between the built environment and health outcomes have accelerated research examining racial/ethnic and income disparities in access to parks and other community features that support physical activity. Currently, it cannot be concluded that park characteristics are equal in quantity or condition across areas of disparate race/ethnicity and income composition. This study examined natural and built park characteristics across areas of different race/ethnicity and income composition to identify potential disparities. Twenty-one parks in Greensboro, NC (USA), located in minority or non-minority areas and in low or medium-high income areas were inventoried using a park audit tool and GIS. Parks were compared on number of activity areas, features, amenities, size, percent tree canopy, cleanliness, and condition. Independent sample t tests and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare means of outcome variables. Fisher’s exact tests were applied for categorical variables. Fewer wooded areas and more trash cans were found in low-income and minority areas as compared to medium-high income and non-minority areas. Low-income areas were found to have more picnic areas than their counterparts. Sitting and resting features in non-minority areas were found to be cleaner than those in minority areas. Results showed some evidence of disparities in park characteristics. Findings can inform park policy and design as well as renovations and maintenance procedures, particularly in specific areas where existing disparities were identified.
Interpretation of a Progressive Slope Movement Using Balanced Cross Sections and Numerical Integration

Gaussian quadrature, a numerical integration technique through fixed points, is applied to improve accuracy and efficiency in the cross-section balance modeling of a slope subjected to progressive displacements. This integration is employed to compute geometrical areas of individual stratigraphic units that have participated in the deformation. Given the initial and final states of a natural slope in which progressive failure has been carefully monitored for 7 years, the internal geometry of four stratigraphic layers that were displaced in a manner that characterizes the displacement kinematics of the entire slope has been analyzed. The area differences between the initial and final sections for three of the layers are zero. A fourth, basal, layer shows a unit area reduction of 13 percent, which can be accounted for by toe erosion. This implies that the total internal geometric area is found to be preserved during the course of the progressive deformation, a fact that is evident in repeated ground surveys conducted during the 7-year history of displacement. Also, factors of safety computed for the basal surface of slip at the initial and final stages of displacement monitoring demonstrate that the slope became less stable over a period of 7 years as a result of the progressive failure. Such a reduction in stability would be difficult to quantify without the application of numerical integration that allows the accurate construction of area-balanced geometrical models in a digital format amenable to validation and stability analysis.
Non-calibrated Peer Assessment: An Effective Assessment Method for Student Creative Works

In online education, peer and self assessment has got a lot of attention because it serves as a useful tool for scaling the grading of open-ended works. But peer and self assessment does not always produce accurate results because of some reasons. Firstly, experts and students may grade at different scale; Secondly, students are inclined to rate themselves higher than to rate others; Thirdly, some students may not take the assessment seriously; Fourthly, correcting for grader biases also need complex computation. In this paper, we present a non-calibrated peer grading method to solve the problems mentioned above. We make 4 experiments with 5-category rating scale showing that our method can get good performance, which convinces that it can be an effective assessment method for student creative works.
Big picture of relativistic molecular quantum mechanics

Any quantum mechanical calculation on electronic structure ought to choose first an appropriate Hamiltonian H and then an Ansatz for parameterizing the wave function Ψ, from which the desired energy/property E(λ) can finally be calculated. Therefore, the very first question is: what is the most accurate many-electron Hamiltonian H? It is shown that such a Hamiltonian i.e. effective quantum electrodynamics (eQED) Hamiltonian, can be obtained naturally by incorporating properly the charge conjugation symmetry when normal ordering the second quantized fermion operators. Taking this eQED Hamiltonian as the basis, various approximate relativistic many-electron Hamiltonians can be obtained based entirely on physical arguments. All these Hamiltonians together form a complete and continuous Hamiltonian ladder, from which one can pick up the right one according to the target physics and accuracy. As for the many-electron wave function Ψ, the most intriguing questions are as follows. (i) How to do relativistic explicit correlation? (ii) How to handle strong correlation? Both general principles and practical strategies are outlined here to handle these issues. Among the electronic properties E(λ) that sample the electronic wave function nearby the nuclear region, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shielding and nuclear spin-rotation (NSR) coupling constant are especially challenging: they require body-fixed molecular Hamiltonians that treat both the electrons and nuclei as relativistic quantum particles. Nevertheless, they have been formulated rigorously. In particular, a very robust relativistic mapping between the two properties has been established, which can translate experimentally measured NSR coupling constants to very accurate absolute NMR shielding scales that otherwise cannot be obtained experimentally. Since the most general and fundamental issues pertinent to all the three components of the quantum mechanical equation HΨ = EΨ (i.e. Hamiltonian H, wave function Ψ, and energy/property E(λ)) have fully been understood, the big picture of relativistic molecular quantum mechanics can now be regarded as established.
Correlation of loss of activity of human aldehyde dehydrogenase with reaction of bromoacetophenone with glutamic acid-268 and cysteine-302 residues. Partial-sites reactivity of aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Bromoacetophenone (2-bromo-1-phenylethanone) has been characterized as an affinity reagent for human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) [MacKerell, MacWright & Pietruszko (1986) Biochemistry 25, 5182-5189], and has been shown to react specifically with the Glu-268 residue [Abriola, Fields, Stein, MacKerell & Pietruszko (1987) Biochemistry 26, 5679-5684] with an apparent inactivation stoichiometry of two molecules of bromoacetophenone per molecule of enzyme. The specificity of bromoacetophenone for reaction with Glu-268, however, is not absolute, owing to the extreme reactivity of this reagent. When bromo[14C]acetophenone was used to label the human cytoplasmic E1 isoenzyme radioactively and tryptic fragmentation was carried out, peptides besides that containing Glu-268 were found to have reacted with reagent. These peptides were purified by h.p.l.c. and analysed by sequencing and scintillation counting to quantify radioactive label in the material from each cycle of sequencing. Reaction of bromoacetophenone with the aldehyde dehydrogenase molecule during enzyme activity loss occurs with two residues, Glu-268 and Cys-302. The activity loss, however, appears to be proportional to incorporation of label at Glu-268. The large part of incorporation of label at Cys-302 occurs after the activity loss is essentially complete. With both Glu-268 and Cys-302, however, the incorporation of label stops after one molecule of bromoacetophenone has reacted with each residue. Reaction with other residues continues after activity loss is complete.
Accessibility of glycolipid and oligosaccharide epitopes on rabbit villus and follicle-associated epithelium

The initial step in many mucosal infections is pathogen attachment to glycoconjugates on the apical surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells. We examined the ability of virus-sized (120-nm) and bacterium-sized (1-microm) particles to adhere to specific glycolipids and protein-linked oligosaccharides on the apical surfaces of rabbit Peyer's patch villus enterocytes, follicle-associated enterocytes, and M cells. Particles coated with the B subunit of cholera toxin, which binds the ubiquitous glycolipid GM1, were unable to adhere to enterocytes or M cells. This confirms that both the filamentous brush border glycocalyx on enterocytes and the thin glycoprotein coat on M cells can function as size-selective barriers. Oligosaccharides containing terminal beta(1,4)-linked galactose were accessible to soluble lectin Ricinus communis type I on all epithelial cells but were not accessible to lectin immobilized on beads. Oligosaccharides containing alpha(2, 3)-linked sialic acid were recognized on all epithelial cells by soluble Maackia amurensis lectin II (Mal II). Mal II coated 120-nm (but not 1-microm) particles adhered to follicle-associated enterocytes and M cells but not to villus enterocytes. The differences in receptor availability observed may explain in part the selective attachment of viruses and bacteria to specific cell types in the intestinal mucosa.
Improving Collaborative Convergence through Distributed and Parallel Sorting

This paper examines a convergence process of organizing ideas that are generated during collaborative idea generation activities. The method presented reduces the impact of organizing brainstorming ideas on individual participants by dividing the convergence activity into smaller, discrete tasks that can be completed individually, and in parallel, by the participants. The entire pool of brainstorming ideas is subdivided into smaller pools and each participant is then tasked with organizing one of the subsets of ideas. The results show that by dividing up the overall activity into subtasks, the subjects experienced a more favorable environment. Furthermore, the subjects were able to work through their subset of ideas and produce results that were similar to those performing the full sort of the entire pool.
A Morphogenic Role for Acetylcholinesterase in Neurite Outgrowth

During the past ten years there has been increasing interest in non-cholinergic roles for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) during neural development (1–3), specifically its role in axonal outgrowth. Building on descriptive data in developing chick (4–6), rat (7–10) and primate (11) nervous systems, our laboratory and others are providing a more direct link between AChE expression and process outgrowth through the use of in vitro systems. We have previously shown that non-cholinergic, rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, express AChE and that the level of AChE increases in parallel with neurite outgrowth in culture (12–14). We have also shown that treatment with certain AChE inhibitors produces a dose-dependent, but reversible, reduction in outgrowth which is accompanied by altered neurite morphology and abnormal accumulations of neurofilaments in the cell body (12–14). Similar effects on outgrowth have also been obtained for other PNS (15) and CNS neurons (16–18). Overexpression of AChE has been shown to induce process growth (19–21) and conversely, treatment with AChE antisense oligodeoxynucleotides results in reduced neuritic outgrowth (20,22). While a mechanism underlying the morphogenic function of AChE has yet to be defined, these data are consistent with a cell adhesive role for AChE. This hypothesis, originally proposed by Layer et al., (17) is supported by data showing that AChE shares amino acid sequence homology with known cell adhesion molecules. In this regard, we have previously shown that the level of AChE expression is higher when DRG neurons are grown on substrata which are less permissive to outgrowth (23), suggestive of a role in cell-substratum interactions. In this report we review our studies demonstrating the effects of AChE monoclonal antibody treatment on both neurite outgrowth and attachment in primary cultures of DRG neurons (24). We also examine the effects on neuronal attachment when the culture substratum is supplemented with exogenous AChE. Finally, we propose potential adhesive mechanisms by which AChE may function in a morphogenic role.
Boas razões para um desempenho ruim em testes: o substrato interacional dos exames educacionais

This paper was originally published in 1992. It arose out of a project to study how clinicians tell parents a diagnosis of a developmental disability. That specific project was part of a larger one conducted in 1985-1986 to study the delivery of bad and good news in both ordinary and medical settings (Maynard, 2003). As part of the developmental disabilities study, we also examined how testing was done as a precedent to deciding on diagnosis (Marlaire and Maynard, 1989), and the paper here about the “interactional substrate” was meant to show the orderliness of testing interactions – the basic structures that made it possible to generate valid and reliable examination scores that could lend to the official assessment. More recently (2013-2015), a research team and I returned to the same clinic with a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation, to study more intensively the testing and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the time between the 1985 study and the recent one, the prevalence of ASD had skyrocketed in the U.S. from 1 in 5000 children to the current rate of 1 in 68. A study of the micro-interactions surrounding testing and diagnosis does not explain the increase in prevalence but it does say just how testing is done and how clinicians use results and other information to diagnose children. With regard to testing, in particular, we have come back to the paper on the interactional substrate again and again because probing this substrate and the practices by which it is constituted remains as an avenue in to understanding ASD as not just a condition of the child but as something that is manifested as a feature of social interaction. There are ways in which ASD as a child’s condition is co-produced by way of (i) the orderliness of interactions between clinicians and children, and (ii) how tests constrain both the clinician and the child in terms of what is visible as “competence.” Thus, in current work, we distinguish between what we call first-order, or concrete competence, which, by way of the interactional substrate, allows testing to be done, regardless of what the official results may be, and second-order displays of abstract competence (Maynard and Turowetz, 2016). Abstract competence involves the ability to produce general answers or ones that are shorn of embodied or other contextual orientations to questions or that involve what Donaldson (1978) has called “disembedded knowledge.” The emphasis of clinical tests on measuring second-order, abstract competence may obscure various kinds of first-order, concrete competence and “autistic intelligence” a child displays (Maynard, 2005). By doing so, testing can potentially make the child seem more impaired than he or she is, or at least suppress information that could improve performance and/or be informative for how to design home and schooling environments that enhance a child’s skills and integration into these social units. Keywords: psychological testing, conversation analysis, disability.
Chemical, Mineralogical and Textural Properties of the Kope Formation Mudstones: How They Affect its Durability

Abstract The Kope Formation is a rock unit that extends over southwest Ohio and adjacent areas of Kentucky and Indiana, USA. It is characterized by meter-scale cycles of mudstones and limestones where thick mudstone is sandwiched between thin limestone layers. Kope Formation mudstones are less durable than the mudstones in the area. They cause abundant slope failures in areas of their outcrops. This study evaluates chemical, mineralogical and textural properties of Kope mudstones to determine why it is less durable. The Two-cycle slake durability index (ID 2 ) was measured on thirty mudstones belonging to three consecutive cycles of the Kope Formation. Chemical composition and mineralogy of Kope mudstones do not show significant relationship with the ID 2 . Instead, a relationship to fabric was found. Kope mudstones with two main fabric types were observed in the field; laminated mudstones and non-laminated mudstones. Detailed micro-fabric analysis on Kope mudstones was done using the scanning electron microscope. Laminated mudstones with turbostratic fabric showed higher ID 2 and lower moisture content than the non-laminated mudstones with matrix fabric. The difference in the ID 2 of laminated mudstones and non-laminated mudstones is statistically significant. Both mudstone types exist in many cycles of the Kope Formation. Thus, core samples should be selected from both types for preliminary tests in geotechnical practice, to obtain more accurate estimations of the geotechnical properties of the Kope mudstones. The results and data interpretations of this study can be correlated with the mudstones and shale in different areas of the world. Specifically, a great attention should be paid to the macro and micro textural properties of any rock type regardless of their classification.
FLAG: Feature-based Localization between Air and Ground

In GPS-denied environments, robot systems typically revert to navigating with dead-reckoning and relative mapping, accumulating error in their global pose estimate. In this paper, we propose Feature-based Localization between Air and Ground (FLAG), a method for computing global position updates by matching features observed from ground to features in an aerial image. Our method uses stable, descriptorless features associated with vertical structure in the environment around a ground robot in previously unmapped areas, referencing only overhead imagery, without GPS. Multiple-hypothesis data association with a particle filter enables efficient recovery from data association error and odometry uncertainty. We implement a stereo system to demonstrate our vertical feature based global positioning approach in both indoor and outdoor scenarios, and show comparable performance to laser-scan-matching results in both environments.
Bridging the Benefits of Online and Community Supported Citizen Science: A Case Study on Motivation and Retention with Conservation-Oriented Volunteers

This study explores the motivations and barriers for participation and persistence in an innovative citizen science pilot project with Virginia Master Naturalist volunteers. The project combines self-guided online training, in-person meetings, and collaboration through social networking and “mental modeling” to support on-the-ground development and execution of citizen science projects developed by participants. Results suggest that the two strongest motivators for volunteers to participate in the project were an interest in the environment and an interest in protecting a local natural resource. Our findings indicate that volunteers with more prior experience participating in citizen science projects and those with higher gross incomes were more likely to persist in the project. Our data also suggest that decisions to persist or drop out of the project were influenced by volunteers’ time commitment, their ability to use the online tools, the perceived relevance of the resources, and the saliency of the project. Projects that arose from pre-existing environmental issues seemed to be more salient and may have enhanced volunteer persistence. We discuss the influence of our findings and the implications for the development of future citizen science projects.
Zone zero hybrid arch exclusion versus open total arch replacement.

Open total aortic arch replacement is one of the most technically demanding operations in cardiothoracic surgery, requiring operator expertise and intraoperative and postoperative teamwork. Despite current advancements in the field of open aortic surgery with regard to intraoperative brain protection and postoperative care, the morbidity and mortality associated with open total arch operations varies. Endovascular and hybrid procedures involving the use of zone 0 as a landing zone allow fair comparison between open total arch and hybrid operations. Hybrid procedures involving all of the other landing zones [1–4] should not be compared with open total arch replacement, as the extent of the pathology is different.
Expressive writing as an intervention to decrease distress in pediatric critical care nurses

Experiencing distress is a common phenomenon among pediatric critical care nurses. Expressive writing provides a cost-effective and easily implemented intervention nurses can utilize to address distress as a consequence of providing care for critically ill patients. This intervention may decrease the array of consequences of distress and improve nursing staff satisfaction and retention.
ISDL: An Instruction Set Description Language for Retargetability and Architecture Exploration

Wepresent the Instruction Set Description Language, ISDL, a machinedescription language used to describe target architectures toa set of retargetable design tools including compilers and simulators.Such tools enable the design of embedded system processors bysupporting the exploration of the architecture design space.The features and flexibility of ISDL enable the description ofa wide variety of architectures with emphasis on VLIW architectures.ISDL explicitly supports constraints that define valid operationgroupings within an instruction, thus increasing the range ofspecifiable architectures and resulting in concise and intuitivedescriptions. Furthermore, a single ISDL description supportsthe automatic generation or retargeting of all of the designevaluation tools. This paper presents the structure and featuresof ISDL and describes how the information in an ISDL descriptionmay be used to retarget or generate assemblers, disassemblers,compilers, simulators, and hardware models. In addition, it comparesISDL to various other machine description languages that arebeing used for embedded processor design. Various complicationsthat arose while describing real-world architectures (which includea powerful seven-way VLIW processor and the Motorola 56000 DSP)and the solutions to these complications are also presented.
Indoleacetic acid production: a plasmid function of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58.

Abstract Indoleacetic acid (IAA) production is regulated by the 117 Mdalton pTi plasmid that is harbored by the crown gall bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C-58. In the presence of tyrosine, about 5- to 10-fold higher IAA production (0.8–0.9 μg/ml) occurs in strain C-58 than in the plasmidless avirulent derivative strain NT1. The high level of IAA production is restored when the plasmid is reintroduced into strain NT1.
Fallopian tube catheterization and recanalization under ultrasonic observation: a simplified technique to evaluate tubal patency and open proximally obstructed tubes.

Objective To test a sonoscopic technique developed for transvaginal catheterization and recanalization of the fallopian tube. Design In a feasibility study, catheterization was performed with the use of laparoscopic control. Patients with bilateral proximal tubal obstruction underwent fallopian tube recanalization under ultrasonic observation. Setting This study represents patients evaluated for primary or secondary infertility at Humboldt University Hospital. Patients, Participants Proximal tubal obstruction had been diagnosed on previous hysterosalpingogram and with laparoscopy. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure Tubal patency was assessed by hydrotubation under ultrasonic observation. Results Transvaginal catheterization was successful in 31 (91.2%) of the 34 tubes. In 19 patients with proximal tubal obstruction, patency of both or at least one tube was achieved in 16 (84.2%) women. Five (31.6%) of 16 patients successfully recanalized were found to have an intrauterine pregnancy at a 6-month follow-up interval. Conclusions This catheterization technique should be investigated for possible use in diagnostic schedule early in the evaluation of the infertile patient. Also, the transvaginal recanalization of proximally obstructed tubes calls into question the application of microsurgical treatment of a selected group of patients.
Function tests in the diagnosis of biliary tract disease using sodium dehydrocholate or secretin.

Studies by Agren and Lagerlof3 on pancreatic function using intravenous secretin demonstrated that changes in the duodenal biliary pigment concentration might be of use in determining the functional status of the gallbladder. Diamonds, Lakel7 , Snape22 , Dreiling and Hollander9 , have described this biliary pigment response in the secretin test and concluded that good correlation exists between the results of the test and gallbladder function. These workers found that prior to injection of secretin, bile was present in the duodenal contents and that after secretin was injected, all visible evidences of bile disappeared for a variable period of time if a normally functioning gallbladder was present; otherwise the bile color persisted throughout the test period. Tanturi25 , and Still24, have demonstrated that secretin acts directly upon the liver in producing hydrocholeresis. The secretin induced hydrocholeresis tests the capacity of the gallbladder to act as an expansile reservoir. Grossman and co-workers12, have shown that the hydrocholeresis reSUlting from secretin stimulation is less than that resulting from the injection of bile salts. Dr. M. 1. Grossman, suggested to us the use of a bile salt as a means of testing the reservoir capacity of the gallbladder. Sodium dehydrocholate was chosen for use in this study because of its potent hydrocholeretic effect and low toxicity4. 5. ll. 21, even when administered intravenously. Studies by Ivy14, Berman5, Grodinsll, and their associates, have demonstrated that sodium dehydrocholate produced agreater increase in the volume output of bile than did any other agent tested. Clinically, these results have been confirmed in patients with T -tubes. Our previous studies using duodenal intubation, show that an increased volume output of at least 100 per cent over a one-hour period occurs in response to 10 cc of 20 per cent sodium dehydrocholatet intravenously. The peak of this response occurs, on the average, fifteen minutes after injection and an increased flow of bile is noted for at least forty minutes after injection.
Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis associated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir

Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is a cutaneous reaction pattern seen in association with systemic diseases and rarely with infections or medications.1 Typical clinical presentation includes tender, erythematous-to-violaceous papules, plaques, or nodules affecting extensor and acral surfaces, most commonly the elbows and hands.1, 2 Histopathologic examination of the lesions can vary, and the disease is thought to occur along a continuum, with early lesions histologically resembling leukocytoclastic vasculitis with dense neutrophilic infiltration and more established lesions consisting of palisaded histiocytes and small granulomas with trapping of collagen and neutrophilic debris.1 Late lesions are thought to simulate granuloma annulare (GA) with fibrosis and granulomas surrounded by collagen and mucin.2 Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) is a novel, oral, direct-acting antiviral medication used to treat chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Compared with conventional treatment for HCV, LDV/SOF offers improved tolerability and efficacy with limited adverse reactions.3 Adverse reactions of the drug can include cutaneous eruptions4; however, to our knowledge, there are no previous case reports of LDV/SOF-induced PNGD. Here, we present a case of PNGD associated with LDV/SOF.
Association between white matter hyperintensities, cortical volumes, and late-onset epilepsy.

Objective To identify the association between brain vascular changes and cortical volumes on MRI and late-onset epilepsy. Methods In 1993–1995, 1,920 participants (median age 62.7, 59.9% female) in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study underwent MRI, and white matter hyperintensities were measured. In addition, in 2011–2013, 1,964 ARIC participants (median age 72.4, 61.1% female) underwent MRI, and cortical volumes and white matter hyperintensities were measured. We identified cases of late-onset epilepsy (starting at age 60 or later) from ARIC hospitalization records and Medicare claims data. Using the 1993–1995 MRI, we evaluated the association between white matter hyperintensities and subsequent epilepsy using survival analysis. We used the 2011–2013 MRI to conduct cross-sectional logistic regression to examine the association of cortical volumes and white matter hyperintensities with late-onset epilepsy. All models were adjusted for demographics, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and APOE e4 allele status. Results Ninety-seven ARIC participants developed epilepsy after having an MRI in 1993–1995 (incidence 3.34 per 1,000 person-years). The degree of white matter hyperintensities measured at ages 49–72 years was associated with the risk of late-onset epilepsy (hazard ratio 1.27 per age-adjusted SD, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.54). Lower cortical volume scores were associated cross-sectionally with higher odds of late-onset epilepsy (odds ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.16–3.02) per age-adjusted SD. Conclusions This study demonstrates associations between earlier-life white matter hyperintensities on MRI and later-life incident epilepsy, and between cortical volumes measured later in life and late-onset epilepsy. These findings may help illuminate the causes of late-onset epilepsy.
A transcriptional regulatory atlas of coronavirus infection of human cells

Abstract Identifying transcriptional responses that are most consistently associated with experimental coronavirus (CoV) infection can help illuminate human cellular signaling pathways impacted by CoV infection. Here, we distilled over 3,000,000 data points from publically archived CoV infection transcriptomic datasets into consensus regulatory signatures, or consensomes, that rank genes based on their transcriptional responsiveness to infection of human cells by MERS, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 subtypes. We computed overlap between genes with elevated rankings in the CoV consensomes against those from transcriptomic and ChIP-Seq consensomes for nearly 880 cellular signaling pathway nodes. Validating the CoV infection consensomes, we identified robust overlap between their highly ranked genes and high confidence targets of signaling pathway nodes with known roles in CoV infection. We then developed a series of use cases that illustrate the utility of the CoV consensomes for hypothesis generation around mechanistic aspects of the cellular response to CoV infection. We make the CoV infection consensomes and their universe of underlying data points freely accessible through the Signaling Pathways Project web knowledgebase.
Sequential Circulatory and Metabolic Changes in the Liver and Whole Body during Hemorrhagic Shock

Since Claude Bernard first observed the presence of hyperglycemia in hemorrhagic shock, the metabolic effects of shock and trauma have been extensively studied. In the past, most investigations have been principally concerned with concentration changes of various plasma and tissue constituents in the anesthetized dog subjected to rapid hemorrhage and subsequent reinfusion of the shed blood (19). Usually, these changes represent late effects which may have particular relevance to terminal physiologic mechanisms.
Surgical management of incidentally discovered low-grade gliomas.

OBJECTIVE Although most patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) present after a seizure, a small proportion is diagnosed after neuroimaging is performed for a sign or symptom unrelated to the tumor. While these tumors invariably grow, some surgeons argue for a watchful waiting approach. Here, the authors report on their experience in the surgical treatment of patients with incidental LGG (iLGG) and describe the neurological outcomes, survival, and complications. METHODS Relevant cases were identified from a prospective registry of patients undergoing glioma resection at the University of California, San Francisco, between 1997 and 2019. Cases were considered iLGG when the lesion was noted on imaging performed for a reason unrelated to the tumor. Demographic, clinical, pathological, and imaging data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Tumor volumes, growth, and extent of resection were calculated from pre- and postoperative volumetric FLAIR sequences. RESULTS One hundred thirteen of 657 (17.2%) first-time resections for LGG were for incidental lesions. The most common reasons for the discovery of an iLGG were headaches (without mass effect, 34.5%) or trauma (16.8%). Incidental tumors were no different from symptomatic lesions in terms of laterality or location, but they were significantly smaller (22.5 vs 57.5 cm3, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in diagnosis between patients with iLGG and those with symptomatic LGG (sLGG), incorporating both molecular and pathological data. The median preoperative observation time for iLGG was 3.1 months (range 1 month-12 years), and there was a median growth rate of 3.9 cm3/year. Complete resection of the FLAIR abnormality was achieved in 57% of patients with incidental lesions but only 23.8% of symptomatic lesions (p < 0.001), and the residual volumes were smaller for iLGGs (2.9 vs 13.5 cm3, p < 0.0001). Overall survival was significantly longer for patients with incidental tumors (median survival not reached for patients with iLGG vs 14.6 years for those with sLGG, p < 0.0001). There was a 4.4% rate of neurological deficits at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The authors present the largest cohort of iLGGs. Patient age, tumor location, and molecular genetics were not different between iLGGs and sLGGs. Incidental tumors were smaller, a greater extent of resection could be achieved, and overall survival was improved compared to those for patients with sLGG. Operative morbidity and rates of neurological deficit were acceptably low; thus, the authors advocate upfront surgical intervention aimed at maximal safe resection for these incidentally discovered lesions.
Linking precipitation and groundwater isotopes in Ethiopia - Implications from local meteoric water lines and isoscapes

Abstract Sustainable water resource management requires a clear understanding of the spatial variation and seasonal recharge of groundwater and their links to local precipitation. A combined spatial analysis of the stable isotope composition of groundwater, surface water, and precipitation could help to understand groundwater sources and recharge processes. In this study, we collected 297 groundwater and stream water samples across Ethiopia and analyzed them for the oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios. The isotope data were then interpolated into isoscapes for the entire country using the Cokriging method based on their spatial autocorrelation and covariance with elevation, annual mean precipitation, and temperature. These are the first groundwater and stream isoscapes for Ethiopia. By comparing the spatial isotopic distribution of the two water resources with local precipitation, we showed distinct groundwater recharge patterns in different regions in terms of their water sources, timing, seasonality, and the degree of surface and groundwater interaction. We found that the groundwater recharge was generally biased towards the main rainy season. However, in the relatively dry southeastern Ethiopia, groundwater could receive significant input from infrequent high-intensity rainfalls associated with tropical cyclones, but additional precipitation and groundwater isotope data are needed to further test our hypothesis in this data-poor region. Overall, this study has largely expanded the spatial coverage of water stable isotope data and filled significant data gaps in Ethiopia, which could be used to provide vital information in the arid and semi-arid parts of the country where water resources are critical in climate change adaptation strategies.
Relationship between BI-RADS and the Results of the Wire-Guided Percutaneous Localization for Non-Palpable Breast Lesions.

# INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System and surgical biopsies that may increase effectiveness of wire-guided percutaneous localizations for non-palpable breast lesions. # METHODS A retrospective review of a sample of 149 patients who underwent wire-guided localization with wide local excision for non-palpable breast lesions at the authors’ institution between January 2013 and April 2016. After IRB approval, sample patients’ records were reviewed and data were collected concerning their radiological, histological and surgical characteristics. # RESULTS One (0.67%) complication occurred related to wire migration. There were nine (6.04%) recorded cases of seroma and three (2.01%) cases of hematoma. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Category 4 was found to have a positive predictive value of 28.4% for breast cancer. Under Category 4 subcategorization 4A, 4B, and 4C, the number of positive lesions were two (6.89%), three (10.34%) and five (17.24%), respectively. Forty (78.43%) of the 51 patients with cancer had negative (i.e., non-cancerous) margins compared to 11 (21.57%) cases that had positive margins after the first procedure. # CONCLUSION The BI-RADS Category 4 encompasses the majority of lesions, with approximately 70% of such biopsies lesions later found to be benign. A subcategorization of BI-RADS 4 needs further clarification in distinguishing benign vs malignant imaging characteristics. Future retrospective studies designed to identify benign vs. malignant lesions, confirmed by validating prospective studies, will better clarify a new subcategorization of BI-RADS Category 4, thus allowing surgeons and radiologists to make the best surgical recommendations for their patients.
Inappropriate ICD Shocks: Is Zero Achievable?

Background: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are known to have high incidence of inappropriate shocks (IS) and continue to cause significant morbidity. Studies in adults have been successful in reducing IS through programming strategies and newer generation device algorithms, however there is a paucity of data in pediatric and CHD patients. We sought to evaluate the effect of newer generation device algorithms and programming strategies in pediatric and CHD patients. Methods: …
What Factors Underlie Attitudes Regarding Protective Mask Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Two studies examine psychological and demographic factors that predict attitudes toward mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies differentiate pro-mask from anti-mask attitudes. Political conservatism, younger age, and gender predicted anti-mask attitudes but were unrelated to pro-mask attitudes. Psychological reactance was associated with anti-mask attitudes, over and above demographic variables. Empathy, trust in healthcare professionals, and perceived normativity of mask wearing were associated with pro-mask attitudes, over and above demographic variables. These studies suggest that demographic variables such as political orientation and age are associated with anti-mask but not pro-mask attitudes, but also that psychological factors differentially predict anti- and pro-mask attitudes over and above demographic factors.
Multi-class deep learning segmentation and automated measurements in periodontal sonograms of a porcine model.

Objectives:Ultrasound emerges as a complement to cone-beam computed tomography in dentistry, but struggles with artifacts like reverberation and shadowing. This study seeks to help novice users rec...
Real-time Point-of-care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Torsion

Background: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that needs prompt diagnosis and treatment. Point-of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) can not only establish the diagnosis but also guide the Emergency Physician in evaluating the response to manual detorsion. Case Report: We describe the case of a 13-year-old male who presented with acute scrotal pain. We demonstrate how bedside ultrasound was used to make the diagnosis of testicular torsion, guide the technique for manual detorsion, and confirm adequate return of blood flow. Our case illustrates the ease with which POCUS can be used in real time to diagnose and treat organ-threatening pathology, but more importantly, it shows how real-time POCUS was used to detorse a testicle that was refractory to the standard detorsion technique. Conclusion: The acute scrotum is a time-sensitive presentation and if testicular torsion is present, the diagnosis should be made as soon as possible. Many Emergency Departments do not have 24-hour coverage of ultrasound technicians, which would delay the diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, when manual detorsion is attempted, it often does not work because the testicle may need more than the standard 180 degree medial to lateral rotation. POCUS provides real-time analysis of return of blood flow and can thus guide further rotation, or opposite direction rotation, as needed.
New insights into the complex physiologic role of the cilium in secretory epithelia

The cortical collecting duct (CCD) of the distal nephron is a major site for the final renal regulation of K homeostasis. Within this segment, principal cells (PCs) possess a single apical cilium w...
What Explains Differences in Men's and Women's Production? : Determinants of Gendered Foraging Inequalities among Martu.

Researchers commonly use long-term average production inequalities to characterize cross-cultural patterns in foraging divisions of labor, but little is known about how the strategies of individuals shape such inequalities. Here, we explore the factors that lead to daily variation in how much men produce relative to women among Martu, contemporary foragers of the Western Desert of Australia. We analyze variation in foraging decisions on temporary foraging camps and find that the percentage of total camp production provided by each gender varies primarily as a function of men’s average bout successes with large, mobile prey. When men target large prey, either their success leads to a large proportional contribution to the daily harvest, or their failure results in no contribution. When both men and women target small reliable prey, production inequalities by gender are minimized. These results suggest that production inequalities among Martu emerge from stochastic variation in men’s foraging success on large prey measured against the backdrop of women’s consistent production of small, low-variance resources.