cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translesion Synthesis Polymerases in the Prevention and Promotion of Carcinogenesis

A critical step in the transformation of cells to the malignant state of cancer is the induction of mutations in the DNA of cells damaged by genotoxic agents. Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is the process by which cells copy DNA containing unrepaired damage that blocks progression of the replication fork. The DNA polymerases that catalyze TLS in mammals have been the topic of intense investigation over the last decade. DNA polymerase η (Pol η) is best understood and is active in error-free bypass of UV-induced DNA damage. The other TLS polymerases (Pol ι, Pol κ, REV1, and Pol ζ) have been studied extensively in vitro, but their in vivo role is only now being investigated using knockout mouse models of carcinogenesis. This paper will focus on the studies of mice and humans with altered expression of TLS polymerases and the effects on cancer induced by environmental agents.
Emergency planning for reactor accidents

This article discusses the importance of emergency planning for reactor accidents even though the politics of the nuclear debate has been responsible, in part, for the slow development of serious emergency planning. Up to now, enormous resources have been devoted to accident prevention while negligible resources have been allocated to the development of consequence mitigation strategies. Various sections of this article deal with airborne release of radioactivity, early fatalities, cancer fatalities, mitigation measures, thyroid-blocking medicine, and sheltering instructions. (KRM)
Assessment of an AIDS intervention program during drug abuse treatment

Abstract Since 1985, many drug abuse treatment centers and health care providers have implemented special education programs for individuals who inject drugs. They focus primarily on increasing awareness of the threat of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) being spread through drug injection equipment and by sexual activities. As part of the Drug Abuse Treatment for AIDS- Risk Reduction (DATAR) project, the AIDS/HIV Risk Reduction Module was designed to meet these special intervention needs. This study examined program impact on 110 methadone treatment clients. Results indicated that for those in treatment less than 4 months, the AIDS intervention program enhanced specialized knowledge about AIDS, aided in the reduction of AIDS-risky behaviors, and enhanced attitudes toward achieving and maintaining abstinence from drug use. Thus, AIDS education and intervention programs appear to be effective and should be emphasized in the early phase of drug abuse treatment.
Mechanisms of steroid resistance

Abstract A method is described for the rapid determination of binding capacity and subcellular distribution of radioactive dexamethasone by cultured lymphoma cells. Using it, a number of steroid-resistant lymphoma cell clones were shown to be deficient in steroid binding to specific cytoplasmic receptors (r-) in transfer of the receptor-steroid complex to nuclei (nt-), or in the reactions subsequent to nuclear localization of the complex (d-). The relative proportions of those types of variants were determined in a steady-state population. About 80% were r-, and the remainder were equally divided between nt- and d-. Quantitative steroid-binding experiments suggest that certain receptor-containing variants possess altered receptor molecules.
Multiple cell configuration electromagnetic vibration energy harvester

This paper reports the design of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester that doubles the magnitude of output power generated by the prior four-bar magnet configuration. This enhancement was achieved with minor increase in volume by 23% and mass by 30%. The new 'double cell' design utilizes an additional pair of magnets to create a secondary air gap, or cell, for a second coil to vibrate within. To further reduce the dimensions of the device, two coils were attached to one common cantilever beam. These unique features lead to improvements of 66% in output power per unit volume (power density) and 27% increase in output power per unit volume and mass (specific power density), from 0.1 to 0.17 mW cm−3 and 0.41 to 0.51 mW cm−3 kg−1 respectively. Using the ANSYS multiphysics analysis, it was determined that for the double cell harvester, adding one additional pair of magnets created a small magnetic gradient between air gaps of 0.001 T which is insignificant in terms of electromagnetic damping. An analytical model was developed to optimize the magnitude of transformation factor and magnetic field gradient within the gap.
The modified Lapidus arthrodesis: a retrospective analysis.

The authors present a review of 47 modified Lapidus arthrodesis procedures performed between 1985 and 1995. There were 29 females and 10 males. Eight patients underwent bilateral procedures. The average follow-up was 6.3 years (range, 1.5-10.6 years). The patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using standard weightbearing radiographs, clinical examination, and chart review. The average preoperative intermetatarsal angle was 13.8° degrees, and the average postoperative intermetatarsal angle measured 2.1° degrees, with a mean improvement of 10.8.° The average effective shortening of the first metatarsal was 4.7 mm in those patients without bone graft. In patients whom bone graft was utilized, an average effective increase in first metatarsal length of 2.6 mm was identified. Complications included delayed union (n = 2), nonunion (n = 3), postoperative development of hyperkeratosis beneath the second metatarsal head (n = 4), elevation of the first ray (n = 3), and hallux varus (n = 2). There were no recurrences of hallux abducto valgus at follow-up. The average return to preoperative activity level was 13 weeks. Forty-two of the 47 procedures healed uneventfully. Of the remaining five feet, two required the use of a bone growth stimulator, and three required revisional surgery with autogenous bone graft to promote arthrodesis and restore alignment. In conclusion, the modified Lapidus arthrodesis is both a predictable and durable procedure for the correction of hallux abducto valgus.
Validity of single-site and multi-site models for estimating body composition of women using near-infrared interactance.

The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-site near-infrared (NIR) model (Model I) and compare its predictive accuracy to single-site models (IIA and IIB). In Model I, the sum of two optical density (OD) measures (Σ2OD), age, body weight, height, and physical activity level were used as potential predictors of body density (Db ). In Model IIA, the variables used in the manufacturer's NIR equation (biceps OD1 and OD2 , body weight, height, gender, and physical activity level) were the potential predictors. This model was modified by including age as an additional potential predictor in Model IIB. We also examined the test-retest reliability and interrelationships of OD measures taken at 10 anatomical sites, as well as the validity of the manufacturer's NIR equation, for estimating body composition of women. The subjects, 148 women between 20 and 72 years, were hydrostatically weighed to determine criterion Db . The Futrex-5000 was used to measure OD1 and OD2 at 10 anatomical sites. Only two sites (pectoral OD2 and biceps OD2 ) contributed significantly to the variance in Db . Thus, the sum of these two ODs (Σ2OD), was used as a potential predictor in the multi-site model. Test-retest reliability was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.85 for many of the OD measurements. Intercorrelations of ODs ranged from 0.22 to 0.91. In the multi-site model (I), ΣOD, body weight, age, and height were significant predictors, accounting for 85.7% of the variance in Db . The SEE was 0.0076 g/ml or 3.3% BF. In the manufacturer's model (IIA), biceps OD2 , body weight, and height accounted for 76.3% of the variance in Db , and the SEE was 0.0094 g/ml (4.1% BF). When age was included as a predictor (Model IIB), the R2 increased (86.0%) and the SEE (0.0073 g/ml or 3.1% BF) decreased substantially. Cross-validation of the three equations yielded r2 s ranging between 0.688 (Model IIA) and 0.748 (Model I) and slightly larger SEEs (0.0094-0.001048 g/ml). There were no significant differences between average criterion Db and predicted Db for each equation. The manufacturer's equation programmed in the Futrex-5000 yielded a lower r2 (0.55), higher SEE (5.61% BF), and significantly underestimated criterion % BF by an average of 3% BF. Either the multi-site (model I) or single-site (Model IIB) equations is recommended to estimate body composition of this population. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Epilepsy surgery in children with developmental disabilities

Surgery for treatment of medically uncontrolled epilepsy in children is now widely accepted with reported outcomes similar to those in adults. Epilepsy is reported in 8.8% to 32% of children with mental retardation (MR) and in up to half of children with severe retardation. There has been concern that patients with low IQ will experience unsatisfactory outcomes from epilepsy surgery and not achieve good seizure control. It is appropriate to reassess the prior bias against resective epilepsy surgery in children with MR in view of the changing criteria for potential candidacy for epilepsy surgery in infants and young children. There are three prerequisites for epilepsy surgery: (1) the epilepsy must be medically intractable; (2) the surgery must be feasible, that is, the epileptogenic zone can identified and safely resected; and (3) there is high likelihood of a satisfactory outcome as regards both the epilepsy and the patient's functional status. Patients with MR may have diffuse cerebral dysfunction and diffuse or multifocal epileptogenic regions. Appropriate patient selection is made possible through use of current technology that allows identification of lesions or areas of cerebral dysgenesis, aiding in identification of localized areas of epileptogenesis. Results from various series of patients with MR who have undergone resective surgery for epilepsy have shown that with careful presurgical evaluations, outcomes are similar between patients with normal IQ scores and those with low scores. Surgical protocols specifically for patients with MR and intractable epilepsy are required, including careful definition of desired outcomes.
Myth and Archetype in Recollections of Things to Come

According to Elena Garro, "the great writer will be the one who presents the Mexican as a universal being." In her novel Recollections of Things to Come she achieves this goal primarily through an incessant infusion of mythic and archetypal motifs, elements that constitute the cornerstone of this study. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol9/iss2/4 MYTH AND ARCHTYPE IN RECOLLECTIONS OF THINGS TO COME ROBERT K. ANDERSON California State University, Stanislaus Recollections of Things to Come (1963), Elena Garro's first published novel, vividly portrays life in a small Mexican town, Ixtepec, during the late 1920s. In part, it focuses upon a broad gamut of regional phenomena; yet, in the words of Emmanuel Carballo, "the social relations, economy, politics and religion" depicted therein merely "occupy a secondary position."' Essentially, although Garro presents significant "local" concerns in the novel, she also directs our attention toward existential realities. According to her, "the great writer will be the one who presents the Mexican as a universal being."' In Recollections of Things to Come she achieves this goal primarily through an incessant infusion of mythic and archetypal motifs-elements that constitute the cornerstone of this study. The teller of the tale is a "pueblo-narrator," a semi-personification of the town, which attempts to communicate its tragic history. The basis of the chronicle is a kaleidoscope of memories that appear unordered, "as water flows into water,"3 within a rock or scryingstone, into which the narrator peers. The rock is located on a hill overlooking the town.° These reminiscences transport us from one extreme of Ixtepec to another, providing a sketch of small-town Mexican life during the Cristero Rebellion.' Consequently, we become acquainted with a wide variety of fictional yet credible characters. We overhear their customary chats regarding their social, political and economic woes and are even permitted to perceive their most intimate thoughts. Continually ordering and interpreting past events, the "pueblonarrator" concentrates on the brutal government-ordered occupation of Ixtepec by General Francisco Rosas and his soldiers, and its negative effect upon the town. This re-creation of the historical past captures the resultant fear and inertia that spread throughout the populace. In substance, as readers of Recollections of Things to
A correlation pricing formula

Abstract In strict terms, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) applies only to marketed assets, but the CAPM is frequently used to assign prices to nonmarketed assets as well. The correlation pricing formula (CPF) is similar in form to the CAPM, and gives the same result. However, the CPF expresses the price of a nonmarketed asset in terms of a priced asset that is most correlated with the nonmarketed asset, rather than in terms of the market portfolio. This method is a rigorous version of the common practice of assigning a price to a new asset by considering prices of comparable marketed assets. The method sometimes has accuracy advantages when values in the formula must be estimated.
ESTRIOL SECRETION BY THE HUMAN TERM PLACENTA.

“Free” (solvent-extractable) and “conjugated” (acid-hydrolyzable) estriol levels and their sum as total estriol were determined in paired samples of intervillous space and maternal arm vein plasma and in paired samples of umbilical artery and vein plasma. Estriol levels were determined by the method of Roy and Brown. Free and total estriol levels in the intervillous space plasma were significantly higher than those found in the maternal arm vein plasma. This suggests the transfer of estriol from the placenta to the mother and might alone account for the high urinary estriol levels found in pregnancy. No differences between free, conjugated or total estriol values were found in paired umbilical artery and vein plasma samples.
Fine scale interspersion of conserved sequences in the pea and corn chloroplast genomes

A comparison is made of the chloroplast genomes of two divergent higher plants, pea and corn. Reassociation kinetics analysis shows that only 33–34% of the chloroplast DNA (ct DNA) sequences are conserved in these two plants, which is equal to about 43 kilobases (kb). The restriction enzyme patterns produced by Eco RI, Bam HI, and Sal I are different for each ct DNA, as expected from the low level of homology. The total length of cross-reacting Eco RI fragments, assessed by blot hybridization methods, exceeds the reassociation kinetics estimate by at least 20 kb. An electron microscopic analysis of ct DNA heteroduplexes shows that the conserved regions are surprisingly short, and consequently, they are interspersed with divergent DNA. Fifty percent of the conserved regions are less than 550 bases; 10 sites are less than 150 bases. The median length of a heterologous region is 250 bases. The heteroduplexes fall into 4 classes, established by the position and size of the conserved and divergent regions, totaling 61 kb. One class has been identified as the ribosomal gene region: the corn Eco RI fragment, Eco RI A, which codes for the 16S and 23S cistrons (Bedbrook and Bogorad 1976), was reassociated with total pea ct DNA, and the products analyzed by electron microscopy. Only one pattern of heteroduplexes was observed. A stretch of almost completely conserved DNA, equivalent to 6.9 kb, extends from the 16S gene through the 23S gene, and therefore, includes the transcribed spacer separating these two cistrons. Heterologous regions occur immediately outside of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the 16S and 23S genes, respectively. A set of the 16S and 23S genes contribute about 4%, and the spacer 1.6%, to the level of sequence homology in each genome.
Pulmonary Disease of Vascular Origin

The differential diagnosis of pulmonary disease of vascular origin must include pulmonary edema, uremia, Loeffler's syndrome, periarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid lung, pulmonary hemosiderosis, pulmonary purpura with nephritis, a pulmonary embolism and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Pulmonary edema and uremia have been included because of the roentgenographic features (pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural effusion, interlobar collections of fluid) which must be distinguished from those of other vascular disease that cause pulmonary parenchymal infiltrations.
Intelligent Optical Systems Using Adaptive Optics

Until recently, the phrase adaptive optics generally conjured images of large deformable mirrors being integrated into telescopes to compensate for atmospheric turbulence. However, the development of smaller, cheaper devices has sparked interest for other aerospace and commercial applications. Variable focal length lenses, liquid crystal spatial light modulators, tunable filters, phase compensators, polarization compensation, and deformable mirrors are becoming increasingly useful for other imaging applications including guidance navigation and control (GNC), coronagraphs, foveated imaging, situational awareness, autonomous rendezvous and docking, non-mechanical zoom, phase diversity, and enhanced multi-spectral imaging. The active components presented here allow flexibility in the optical design, increasing performance. In addition, the intelligent optical systems presented offer advantages in size and weight and radiation tolerance.
What's new in sports medicine

Over the past thirty years, the subspecialty of sports medicine has evolved into a major component of the practice of orthopaedic surgery. Since its genesis in the early 1970s, sports medicine has evolved from the province of a small group of orthopaedists covering athletic teams into a major body of knowledge fueled by clinicians, scientists, and industry. Well-established educational curricula defining and prioritizing all areas of sports medicine now exist at the resident, fellowship, and subspecialty-society levels. The purpose of this article is to review and to put into perspective recent scientific and educational advancements in sports medicine. This overview is based on papers presented in 2000 at both the annual and subspecialty meetings of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA), the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS), and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Papers published from September 1999 through August 2000 in the American Journal of Sports Medicine (six volumes), Arthroscopy (twelve volumes), and The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (twelve volumes) are reviewed, and their major contributions to orthopaedic sports medicine are summarized. This general overview of papers and presentations is followed by a summary of new developments in the study of the knee and shoulder as well as in other aspects of sports medicine, a discussion of emerging technologies in basic-science research, and an update on educational and socioeconomic issues. Between September 1999 and August 2000, research in orthopaedic sports medicine was featured in over 250 oral presentations at the annual and Specialty Day meetings of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, the Arthroscopy Association of North America, the Orthopaedic Research Society, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Almost two-thirds of the studies focused on surgical techniques or clinical outcomes data, with just over a …
State-of-the-art automated essay scoring: Competition, results, and future directions from a United States demonstration

This article summarizes the highlights of two studies: a national demonstration that contrasted commercial vendors’ performance on automated essay scoring (AES) with that of human raters; and an international competition to match or exceed commercial vendor performance benchmarks. In these studies, the automated essay scoring engines performed well on five of seven measures and approximated human rater performance on the other two. With additional validity studies, it appears that automated essay scoring holds the potential to play a viable role in high-stakes writing assessments.
Inhibited hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in type I pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Objective: To assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in two patients with the diagnosis of type I pseudohypoparathyroidism established previously by characteristic clinical features and lab...
Novel Si-based Optoelectronic Switching Device: Light to Latch

A novel, high performance optoelectronic switch is introduced. The device is a Si- MOSFET with Ge gate that can be fabricated at the nanoscale with very low capacitance. Current gain of up to 1000times is demonstrated.
Bolstering organizational identity, commitment, and citizenship behaviors through the process of inoculation

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine whether organizational identity, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) can be bolstered through the use of inoculation treatments.Design/methodology/approach – A four‐phase experiment with 317 subjects was conducted in a laboratory setting to determine if inoculation messages could bolster organizational attitudes manifested in organizational identity and commitment, as well as citizenship behaviors.Findings – Results show that organizational identity, organizational commitment, and certain OCBs can be strengthened through internal communication.Research limitations/implications – Small effect sizes are a limitation, but they are very common in persuasion research.Originality/value – This article adds to the literature on organizational identity, commitment, and OCBs. It demonstrates that inoculation can be used to bolster these employee attitudes, which had not been examined before.
Sensory gating impairments in heavy cannabis users are associated with altered neural oscillations.

Cannabis use was positively associated with high P50 ratios and negatively with post-S2 event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) gamma power. Findings suggest that heavy cannabis use is associated with aberrant beta and gamma activity in the dual-click procedure, which corroborates recent work demonstrating central cannabinoid receptors mediate neural oscillations and are localized to networks implicated in auditory P50 sensory gating, including the hippocampus and neocortex. The current study examined whether neural oscillations evoked by the paired clicks (S1, S2) are associated with abnormal P50 gating reported in cannabis users. Seventeen heavy cannabis users and 16 cannabis naive controls participated. Analyses included P50 amplitudes, and time-frequency analyses (ERSPs; intertrial coherence, ITC). Consistent with prior studies, cannabis users exhibited reduced P50 gating. The ERSP analysis yielded attenuated high frequency activity in the beta range (13–29 Hz) post-S1 and in the gamma range (30 –50 Hz) post-S2 in the cannabis group, compared with the control group. Greater levels of disruption of beta/gamma by cannabinoid receptor (CB1) agonists in a rat analogue of this task and highlights the translational potential of the dual-click procedure.
A modules cloze procedures as a test of comprehension and expression in adolescents

Abstract An auditory presented cloze procedure was used for test of auditory comprehension and expression of language in learning disabled (LD) an regular classroom adolescents. Three sentence types of increasing linguistic complexity for five standard grammatical operations were employed in constructing the stimulus paragraph. Subjects responded by providing the selected functions words necessary to sentence type and grammatical operation results indicated that LD adolescents demostrate quantitative and qualitative teenage differences as compared to regular classroom adolescents in completing the cloze task.
The Epidemic of Gang-Related Homicides in Los Angeles County From 1979 Through 1994

Objective. —To determine trends in gang homicides and the population at greatest risk for homicide by reviewing all gang-related homicides in Los Angeles County, California, from January 1979 to December 1994. Design. —Homicide files of the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department from 1979 to 1994 involving violent street gang activity were reviewed. Gang files were reviewed for demographic data, weapons used, homicides by drive-by shootings, and times and geographic areas of occurrence. Setting. —Los Angeles County from January 1, 1979, to December 31, 1994. Main Outcome Measures. —Age, race, and sex of gang-related homicide victims; frequency of weapon use; and the change in gang-related homicide rates during the study period. Results. —A total of 7288 gang-related homicides occurred in Los Angeles County from 1979 through 1994; 5541 of these homicides occurred in Los Angeles Police Department and Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department jurisdictions. During the study period, the proportion of all homicides that were gang related increased from 18.1% to 43.0% (P Conclusions. —Gang-related homicides in Los Angeles County have reached epidemic proportions and are a major public health problem. To prevent gang violence, the root causes of violent street gang formation must be alleviated, the cycle of violent street gang involvement must be broken, and access to firearms must be limited. (JAMA. 1995;274:1031-1036)
Solute trapping and the non-equilibrium phase diagram for solidification of binary alloys

Abstract A phase field model for the solidification of binary alloys is presented and analyzed. A matched asymptotic approach is used to recover the model’s leading order sharp interface motion. Equations for both the solute profile and free energy balance at the interface are derived, demonstrating solute trapping at large growth velocities and leading to a construction of the non-equilibrium phase diagram over a large range of growth conditions. A rigorous understanding of the interfacial conditions is provided, and comparisons are made to existing theories.
Post-treatment outcomes among adjudicated adolescent males and females in modified therapeutic community treatment.

Identifying effective targeted interventions for substance using delinquent populations has remained an important objective for researchers and clinicians alike. To this end, the current study exam...
Creation of a Set of Reference Material for Cotton Fiber Maturity Measurements

It was the goal of the authors to create a set of reference cottons for maturity measurements. To achieve this they selected 104 cotton bales repre- senting the two principal cultivated species. The vast majority of the bales originated in the USA, but some foreign-grown cotton bales were also selected (Egypt, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Cameroon, Syria, Benin, and Australia). A representative sample of approximately 30 kg (70 pounds) was taken from each bale. Each sample was homogenized accord- ing to the protocol used by the International Cotton Calibration Standard Committee (ICCSC) to pro- duce reference cottons. Eight sub-samples per bale were taken and a minimum of 500 cross-sections per sub-sample were analyzed. A broad range of average values of fiber perimeter and fiber maturity for the 104 bales were obtained. Evaluation of the mathematical and statistical relationships pertinent to maturity and fineness revealed that four critical criteria for adequate calibration standards were met. Therefore, this population of bales constitutes a good base for the calibration of the indirect meas- urement instruments for maturity and fineness.
Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate After Renal Revascularization Correlate With Microvascular Hemodynamics and Inflammation in Swine Renal Artery Stenosis

Background— The selection of patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) likely to improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty is difficult. We examined basal hemodynamic and inflammatory factors linked to improved stenotic kidney (STK) function after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in swine RAS. Methods and Results— Fifteen pigs after 6 weeks of hemodynamically significant RAS were studied before and 4 weeks after technically successful percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty+stenting. STK and contralateral kidney hemodynamics and function were evaluated by multidetector computed-tomography before and after acetylcholine challenge. Single-kidney deoxyhemoglobin (R2*, reciprocal to blood relaxation) and energy-dependent tubular function were assessed using blood-oxygen-level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging before and after furosemide. Baseline renal vein and inferior vena cava levels of inflammatory markers were measured and their gradient and net release calculated. Baseline parameters were compared with normal (n=7) and sham-RAS (n=7) pigs and correlated with the change in STK-GFR after revascularization (ΔGFR). Four weeks after percutaneous transluminal, renal angioplasty blood pressure was normalized in all animals, but STK-GFR improved in 10 of 15 (ΔGFR =+22.0±8.5 mL/min). ΔGFR correlated inversely with basal STK-GFR, renal release of inflammatory markers, and medullary R2* response to furosemide, but directly with GFR response to acetylcholine. Basal contralateral kidney GFR correlated directly with ΔGFR. Conclusions— Low basal STK-GFR with preserved response to acetylcholine may predict benefit from revascularization in RAS, whereas renal inflammation and robust STK-R2* responses to furosemide (possibly reflecting avid tubular oxygen consumption) are associated with less favorable outcomes. These tools may be useful for identification of patients likely to improve renal function after revascularization.
International workshop on Information Visualization Interfaces for Retrieval and Analysis (IVIRA) at the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2003

The IVIRA workshop has been organized to attract cutting-edge efforts that concentrate on improving information retrieval and analysis by applying visualization techniques in interface design.
Robust output tracking control of a surface vessel

In this paper, tracking control of a three degree- of-freedom marine vessel is examined. The primary motivation for this work is the compensation needed for the added mass common to surface vessels, resulting in an asymmetric inertia matrix. Two control schemes are considered: a full- state feedback controller and an output feedback controller. Numerical simulation results are shown to demonstrate the validity of these proposed controllers.
Outcomes of minimally invasive valve surgery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesize that minimally invasive valve surgery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is superior to the conventional median sternotomy approach. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2846 consecutive surgery performed at our institution between January 2005 and September 2010, and identified 165 patients with COPD who underwent isolated valve surgery. In-hospital mortality, composite complication rates, intensive care unit and total hospital length of stay of those who had undergone a minimally invasive approach were compared with a cohort that underwent a standard median sternotomy approach. RESULTS: Of the 165 patients, 100 underwent a minimally invasive approach and 65 had a median sternotomy. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. The mean age was 71±11 years for the minimally invasive group and 68±12 years for the median sternotomy group, (P=0.31). In-hospital mortality was 1 (1%) in the minimally invasive group and 3 (5%) in the median sternotomy group, P=0.14. Composite postoperative complications were significantly reduced in the minimally invasive group (30 versus 54%, P=0.002). The median intensive care unit length of stay was 47 h (IQR 40–70) versus 73 h (IQR 51–112), P<0.001, and the median postoperative length of stay was 6 days (IQR 5–9) versus 9 days (IQR 7–13), P<0.001, for the minimally invasive and the median sternotomy groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive valve surgery in patients with COPD is associated with excellent short-term results, and thus should be considered an option in these patients.
Electronic antenna calibration system and measurements for compensating real-time dynamic distortions

A real-time electronic aperture calibration system experiment was created to bring technologies and algorithms together in a pathfinder experiment to reduce the risk of electrically calibrating large dynamic apertures. These large, actively calibrated apertures have the potential to provide a significant increase in performance for many mission applications. A real-time calibration system was put into practice, demonstrated in an antenna range and the results of the dynamic antenna beam compensation experiments are presented. 12
Learning to recognize people in a smart environment

In this paper, we address the problem of online learning to recognize people from visual appearances, a prerequisite step towards building a fully intelligent and context-aware smart environment. While the trajectories of tracked individuals are responsible for producing samples to the appearance signature learning process, it is highly risky to directly label these appearance samples with tracker IDs, due to possible tracker switches and temporary tracker losses. Through the exploration of trajectory fidelity in terms of temporal continuity and spatial locality, we show that the side information from tracking, in the form of pairwise constraints, such as “must-link” and “cannot-link”, could significantly benefit signature learning. Furthermore, to learn and update an online identity signature pool, a two-step approach is proposed: 1) a data clustering step based on spectral kernel learning with pairwise constraints, and 2) a large-margin based discriminative signature model learning step. A real-world setup in a smart office environment is used to evaluate the performance of the learning paradigm. Consistent recognition of individuals from live videos verifies the efficacy and effectiveness of our proposal.
Interleukin-1β Activates PI 3-Kinase in Renal Mesangial Cells

Abstract Interleukin-1β rapidly stimulates the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxyl kinase in renal mesangial cells. This interleukin-1β dependent activation is associated with a rapid increase in phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5 phosphate in renal mesangial cells. The increase in PI 3-kinase activity is inhibited by wortmannin. In addition wortmannin partially inhibited IL-1β induced PGE 2 production and potentiated IL-1β induced nitric oxide production. These experiments suggest that IL-1β can activate PI 3-kinase in renal mesangial cells and that the enzyme plays a role in IL-1β induced PGE 2 and NO formation in the renal mesangial cell.
Root hydraulic conductivity of Larrea tridentata and Helianthus annuus under elevated CO2

While investigations into shoot responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 are extensive, few studies have focused on how an elevated atmospheric CO2 environment might impact root functions such as water uptake and transport. Knowledge of functional root responses may be particularly important in ecosystems where water is limiting if predictions about global climate change are true. In this study we investigated the effect of elevated CO 2 on the root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of a C3 perennial, Larrea tridentata, and a C3 annual, Helianthus annuus. The plants were grown in a glasshouse under ambient (360 μmol mol ‐1 ) and elevated (700 μmol mol ‐1 ) CO2. The Lp through intact root systems was measured using a hydrostatic pressure-induced flow system. Leaf gas exchange was also determined for both species and leaf water potential (ψleaf) was determined in L. tridentata. The Lp of L. tridentata roots was unchanged by an elevated CO2 growth environment. Stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) decreased and photosynthetic rate (Anet) and Ψleaf increased in L. tridentata. There were no changes in biomass, leaf area, stem diameter or root : shoot (R : S) ratio for L. tridentata. In H. annuus, elevated CO2 induced a nearly two-fold decrease in root Lp. There was no effect of growth under elevated CO2 on Anet, gs, E, aboveand below-ground dry mass, R : S ratio, leaf area, root length or stem diameter in this species. The results demonstrate that rising atmospheric CO2 can impact water uptake and transport in roots in a species-specific manner. Possible mechanisms for the observed decrease in root Lp in H. annuus under elevated CO2 are currently under investigation and may relate to either axial or radial components of root Lp.
Immunochemical studies of an esterase from Fusarium sporotrichioides

Polyclonal antibodies against the 68 kDa esterase of Fusarium sporotrichioides were produced by immunizing rabbits with the enzyme, which had been partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE‐Sephadex anion exchange chromatography and gel electroelution. The antiserum was further purified by passage through an affinity column armed with proteins obtained from the affinity chromatography step, having immunoreactivity but containing no enzyme activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibodies obtained after the subtractive affinity chromatography purification reacted primarily with one protein band corresponding to esterase type III, at around 68 KDa, and some other minor protein bands when large amounts of the crude extracts were used. Using the purified antibodies, an indirect ELISA for the quantification of esterase type III was established. A good correlation (r = 0.8 P = 0.04) was found between the ELISA data of esterase III amount and the enzyme activities in the crude extracts. ...
Template-based simulation in digital wireless communication

This paper presents a template-based approach for the study of simulation and digital communication developed for use in a graduate-level course in wireless communication. The simulation templates and subsequent original student work are implemented using a graphical block-oriented package. To accelerate the learning process, students are exposed to modeling and simulation via two templates. These templates are also designed to reinforce the extremely important inter-play between theory and simulation. To promote teaming skills, students are organized into groups of two or three for exercises based on the templates and for further investigation of a particular topic.
SURVIVORSHIP OF PERMANENT-RESIDENT BIRDS IN A FRAGMENTED FORESTED LANDSCAPE

Few studies have examined survivorship of animals in forest fragments dif- fering in size, and none has used appropriate mark-recapture analysis techniques taking into account probability of recapture. Using Program MARK, a flexible mark-recapture software package, we estimated annual survival rates of four permanent-resident woodland bird species over a 5-yr period in a fragmented landscape. For Carolina Chickadees, White- breasted Nuthatches, and Downy Woodpeckers, the probability of survival was related to site, with survival being highest in large woodlots, low in small woodlots, and either intermediate or lower in riparian woodlands. The presence of supplemental food had a positive influence on survivorship. Survivorship of the Tufted Titmouse was lower in years with heavy snow cover. There was some evidence for an age difference in apparent survival, with adult birds having higher survival rates. Overall, however, these age-specific estimates had large variances or the differences disappeared when models were averaged, except in the chickadee, where young birds appeared to survive less well in forested river corridors. This last result was quite likely due, at least in part, to age-specific dispersal, suggesting that river corridors function as important dispersal routes for young, transient birds of permanent-resident species. These results suggest a strong additional cost of fragmentation: increased mortality. This cost has not been previously documented using modern mark- recapture analytical techniques.
Hypertensive crisis associated with cerebellar embolization due to left atrial myxoma

In this article, we present an unusual case of hypertensive crisis associated with nonhemorrhagic cerebellar infarction due to embolization of loose tumor fragments of left atrial myxoma.
The design and evaluation of online help for Unix EMACS: capturing the user in menu design

The card-sort technique and cluster analysis were used for determining an effective organization for a help menu in Unix EMACS. Similarity data were gathered for with a card-sorting task using EMACS commands, and a hierarchical cluster analysis of the data was performed. The results indicate that differences among novices, intermediates, and experts appear with computer-based concepts such as windows and buffers, but that the sorts are more similar than they are different. It is argued that cluster analysis may aid designers in determining a functional organization, but that in the domain of this study, this organization may not help users bridge the mapping from real world tasks to computer tasks. >
EDHF contributes to strain-related differences in pulmonary arterial relaxation in rats.

Pulmonary arteries from the Madison (M) strain relax more in response to acetylcholine (ACh) than those from the Hilltop (H) strain of Sprague-Dawley rats. We hypothesized that differences in endot...
Parental Depression and Pancreatic Enzymes Adherence in Children With Cystic Fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Treatment adherence in cystic fibrosis (CF) is often poor, however, less is known about adherence to pancreatic enzymes, a critical component of the CF treatment regimen. Parent caregivers often report elevations in depression, and parental depression may adversely affect children’s adherence. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated adherence to pancreatic enzymes in 83 patients (1–13 years) . Adherence was measured across 3 months with electronic pill-caps . Weight was measured at baseline and a 3-month follow-up. Parental depressive symptoms were evaluated by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS: Adherence to pancreatic enzymes was 49.4% ± 3.4%. Adherence was higher at school (94.4% ± 6.1%) than at home (42.3% ± 3.1%), and higher for toddlers (50.6% ± 5.2%) than for school-aged children (37.5% ± 3.7%). Parents reported high rates of depressive symptoms (30% in the clinical range, 18% with moderate symptoms). Children of parents with symptoms of depression versus those without were less adherent (34.8% ± 4.5% vs 48.5% ± 4.1%), and adherence to enzymes was significantly related to 3-month weight outcomes. Average gain in weight z scores across 3 months was 0.5 ± 0.2for children who were >50% adherent and –0.1 ± 6.1for children who were CONCLUSIONS: High rates of parental depressive symptoms, coupled with its negative effects on adherence, suggest that measuring and treating parental depression may improve children9s adherence to therapy.
Proposals for Strengthening the National Banking System. III A Central Bank of Limited Scope

A central bank with large lending power will not fit into our system, 71. — And it is not necessary, 74. — Its primary functions: (a) The settlement of clearing house balances, 77. — (b) To ensure the use by the other banks of their resources in emergencies, 79. — (c) Handling the domestic exchanges, 81. — The clearing of country checks, 84. — Method of selecting the directorate, 86. — Prohibition of collateral loans, 87. — The bank acceptance an unnecessary and hazardous device, 88. — Capital of the central bank, 89. — Note issue, 90. — Retirement of the gold certificate and the U. S. note, 91. — Statement of account of the proposed bank at the opening of business, 92.
Termination of Parental Rights

This chapter, Termination of Parental Rights, is part of a larger volume REPRESENTING PARENTS IN CHILD WELFARE CASES: Advice and Guidance for Family Defenders, edited by law professors Martin Guggenheim and Vivek Sankaran. Written by scholars and practice experts across the country, the book is the first of it's kind, written with the goal of raising the quality of representation for parents in civil child abuse and neglect proceedings. This chapter details all of the steps an attorney should take to prepare and litigate a defense of a termination of parental rights petition.
INTERAÇÃO ENTRE TRANSGÊNICOS ( BT ) E INSETICIDAS NO CONTROLE DE PRAGAS-CHAVE EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO-SAFRINHA

Diverse lepidopteran pests attack the maize crop. The commercialization of hybrids of transgenic Bt maize, integrating in its genome the gene Cry1Ab, from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which codifies the protein with toxic effect on insects of the Lepidoptera order, has been recently introduced in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate, under field conditions, the effectiveness of conventional and transgenic maize hybrids for the control of pests, sprayed or not with insecticides. The assay was carried out in an experimental area of the Polo Apta Centro Norte, in Pindorama, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Five conventional maize hybrids were evaluated in comparison with the respective isogenic Bt hybrids. The evaluation was carried out every 10 days, in 20 plants of the 2 central lines of the parcel for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) damage. For damages of Helicoverpa zea (Bod.) and Diatraea saccharalis (Fab.) the evaluations were carried out in the pre-harvest. The interactions between the hybrids and the transgeny occurred in all evaluations starting at the 40th day after emergence (DAE). The Bt hybrids evaluated presented the lowest scores for visual S. frugiperda damages in all the evaluations. The transgenic maize also provided the lowest percentage of cobs damaged by H. zea and S. frugiperda, and of stalks attacked by D. saccharalis. In conclusion, the transgenic maize provided reduction in visual damages caused by the pests, however, it presented different performance among the hybrids.
Challenging the Co-opting of Democracy: Discourse from Civil Society Organizations in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the role of civil society organizations in the struggle for democratization in Zimbabwe from 1999 to 2009. The study shows how civil society organizations’ discourse played a critical role in broadening communicative space in the struggle for democracy. Contribution of civil society organizations was important in a political context where ruling party's totalizing discourses excluded other citizens in the democratization process. Civil society discourses challenged and contested ruling party discourses. Whereas for the ruling party, democracy meant highlighting the country's anticolonial struggle and labeling opposition as agents of foreign western governments, for most civil society organizations, democracy meant respect of human rights. Discourse put a spotlight on the human rights abuses especially violence perpetrated by supporters of the ruling party against members of opposition. The discourses on democratization from civil society organizations therefore provided contes...
Precipitation at Grain Boundaries in Irradiated Austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn Alloys

In previous work, the phase stability of Fe-Cr-Mn alloys during irradiation was investigated in a study that included simple binaries, simple ternaries and commercially produced alloys. These low activation alloys are being considered for fusion reactor service in the first wall and in other structural applications subject to high neutron doses. In addition to phase instabilities observed within the grains, grain boundaries were susceptible to varying levels of precipitation dependent upon alloy composition, displacement dose and irradiation temperature. This paper describes the grain boundary microstructures that developed in these Fe-Cr-Mn alloys during irradiation.