cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Canyon T Waves Seen as Narrowing of Anterolateral T-Wave Inversions in a Patient With Recurrent Chest Pain Presumed to Be Due to Anterolateral Ischemia

Serial lead V5 tracings were obtained from a 38-year-old woman with long-standing systemic lupus erythematosis, hypertension, and renal failure. On December 12, 1994, the patient was admitted for severe right lower abdominal pain, underwent exploratory laparotomy and diverting ileostomy, and was found to have Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. The next day (December 13, 1994), she experienced chest pain …
Lumped parameters and scators

Abstract This paper studies a new kind of structure called scator, which has been succesfully used to model concentrations of solutions and fluid flow problems, and has potential for applications in dynamic modelling in economics.
A Semimicro-Sampling Technique for Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Until recently, it was rather difficult to obtain a laser-excited Raman spectrum of a highly colored sample because of localized sample heating. However, the rotating sample (resonance Raman) technique developed by Kiefer and Bernstein overcomes this thermal problem and permits measurements on highly colored samples. The versatility of the resonance Raman technique has recently been demonstrated by Sloane and Cook, who studied a series of inorganic and organic materials. During a study of some highly colored coordination compounds, we have found that the rotating sample technique may be utilized in conjunction with semimicro samples to obtain well defined Raman spectra. Figs. 1 to 3, which illustrate this point, were obtained using a previously described Raman spectrometer and a rotating sample holder similar to that described earlier, with the exception that the circular channel in which the sample is placed has been reduced in width to 1 mm.
Superconductivity in arsenic at high pressures.

We have investigated the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of elemental arsenic up to 41 GPa both experimentally and theoretically. Our measurements indicate that a peak in ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ occurs at the rhombohedral\char21{}simple-cubic structural phase transition. A first-principles calculation provides a physical description consistent with the observed behavior of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ under pressure.
On the Design Synthesis of Multistable Equilibrium Systems

Multistable equilibrium (MSE) systems are a type of adaptable system that can have multiple mechanical configurations requiring no power to maintain the stable configurations. Thus, power is only needed to move among the stable states, and each stable configuration represents a level of adaptability. Since stable equilibrium configurations can be defined by potential energy minima, we base the design of MSE systems on shaping the potential energy curve at desired equilibrium configurations. This view allows one to construct a performance space defined by how well candidate systems meet a desired potential energy curve. By using a Monte Carlo mapping to link the performance space to the design space in tandem with stochastic optimization methods, the designer determines whether or not a certain system topology can be designed as a MSE system. Qualitative and quantitative mapping procedures enable the designer to decide whether or not the desired design lies near the center or periphery of a performance space. This dictates how the optimization is to be executed which in turn informs the designer as to whether or not a feasible limit in the system performance has indeed been reached.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Protein farnesyltransferase: production in Escherichia coli and imrmmoaffinity purification of the heterodimer from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein farnesylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by a heterodimeric enzyme, protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase), encoded by the genes RAM1 and RAM2. A series of plasmids for the expression of RAM1 and RAM2 in Escherichia coli was prepared and evaluated. Maximal production of functional PFTase was seen in strains containing a multicopy plasmid with a synthetic operon in which the RAM1 and RAM2 structural genes were translationally coupled by overlapping TAATG stop-start codons and by locating a ribosome-binding site near the 3' end of the upstream gene. This was accomplished by an insertional mutation at the 3'-end of RAM1 that embedded an AGGAGGAG sequence within codons for the tetrapeptide, QEEF, added to the end of the Ram1 protein. The QEEF C-terminal motif in the Ram1 subunit of PFTase facilitated purification of the enzyme by immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-alpha-tubulin column prepared using monoclonal antibodies that recognized a tripeptide EEF epitope. Heterodimeric recombinant yeast PFTase::QEEF (re-PFTase::QEEF) constituted approximately 4% of total soluble protein in induced cells and was readily purified 25-fold in two steps by ion exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography in an overall 25% yield. Michaelis constants for farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and Hras protein (modified to contain a yeast a-mating factor PACVIA sequence at the C terminus) were 5.5 and 15 microM, respectively; the kcat was 0.7 s-1.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Mortality in Older Men

Context: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and high PTH may contribute to increased mortality risk in older adults. Objective: The aim of the study was to test the association between 25(OH)D, PTH, and mortality in older men. Design and Setting: The prospective Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study was conducted at six U.S. clinical centers. Participants: We studied community-dwelling men at least 65 yr old (n = 1490). Main Outcome Measure: Multivariate-adjusted proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality; cause of death was classified as cancer, cardiovascular, and other by central review of death certificates. Results: During 7.3 yr of follow-up, 330 (22.2%) participants died: 97 from cancer, 110 from cardiovascular disease, and 106 from other causes. The adjusted HR per sd decrease in 25(OH)D for all-cause mortality was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.89, 1.14); no association between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular or other-cause mortality was seen. Unexpectedly, lower 25(OH)D levels were modestly associated with a decreased risk of cancer mortality (adjusted HR per sd decrease, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64, 0.99). Analyzing 25(OH)D as a categorical variable did not alter these results. Higher PTH levels (log-transformed) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR per sd increase, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.29) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR per sd increase in PTH, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.45). Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies, lower 25(OH)D levels were not associated with an increased risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality in older men. Higher PTH levels were associated with a modest increase in mortality risk.
Features of quantum magnetotransport and electromigration in mesoscopic systems

Abstract We have calculated the two-dimensional spatial distributions of several transport variables such as the current density, carrier concentration, chemical potential, space-charge electric field, residual resitivity dipole potential and electromigration forces in disordered mesoscopic structures subjected to arbitrary magnetic fields. These fully quantum mechanical calculations shed new light on such magnetotransport phenomena as the integer quantum Hall effect, the formation of magnetic bound states, magnetic response of curent vortices caused by quantum interference between scatterers, the nature of residual resistivity dipoles in phase coherent transport, the difference between majority- and minority-carrier mobilities in the quantum mechanical regime, the electron wind force and direct force of electromigration in a mesoscopic system, and a variety of other phenomena.
Beyond pay for performance--emerging models of provider-payment reform.

Both the enthusiastic adoption and somewhat lackluster early results of pay for performance have given rise to a broader payment-reform movement, with proposals and pilots emerging from a wide variety of stakeholders and policy leaders. Meredith Rosenthal describes these novel approaches to payment reform.
An empirical relation for estimating global irradiation for Tennessee, U.S.A.

Abstract Long-term measured data on global irradiation on a horizontal surface, sunshine hours, air temperature, and relative humidity for two locations in the state of Tennessee (namely, Memphis and Nashville) have been used to obtain an empirical relation which may be used to estimate global irradiation for any location in the state.
A Phase I Study of EKB-569 in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), characterize the principal toxicities, and assess the pharmacokinetics of EKB-569, an oral selective irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in combination with capecitabine in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: Patients were treated with EKB-569 daily for 21 days and capecitabine twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The dose levels of EKB-569 (mg/day) and capecitabine (mg/m 2 twice daily) assessed were 25/750, 50/750, 50/1,000 and 75/1,000. An expanded cohort was enrolled at the MTD to better study toxicity and efficacy. Samples of plasma were collected to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the agents. Treatment efficacy was assessed every other cycle. Results: A total of 37 patients, the majority of whom had prior chemotherapy, received a total of 163 cycles of treatment. Twenty patients were treated at the MTD, 50 mg EKB-569, daily and 1,000 mg/m 2 capecitabine twice daily. Dose-limiting toxicities were diarrhea and rash. No patients had complete or partial responses but 48% had stable disease. The conversion of capecitabine to 5-fluorouracil was higher for the combination of EKB-569 and capecitabine (321 ± 151 ng*h/mL) than for capecitabine alone (176 ± 62 ng*hours/mL; P = 0.0037). Conclusion: In advanced colorectal cancer, 50 mg EKB-569 daily can be safely combined with 1,000 mg/m 2 capecitabine twice a day. A statistically significant increase in plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil for the combination of EKB-569 and capecitabine may be due to the single-dose versus multiple-dose exposure difference, variability in exposure or a potential drug interaction.
PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT AIDS AMONG ADULTS IN CALCUTTA, INDIA

Abstract Despite the relatively recent introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into India, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is rapidly becoming a significant health problem in that country. Education about AIDS remains the most effective strategy to prevent its spread. To assess the level of knowledge and the associated attitudes about AIDS among Indians in Calcutta, 153 English-speaking adults were surveyed during April and May 1990. Sixty-jive of 75 men (87%) and 77 of 78 women (99%) questioned had heard of AIDS, the majority within the past 2–3 years. Newspaper and television were the most frequently cited sources of information. Of respondents who had heard of the disease, 95% knew AIDS was transmitted by sexual intercourse; less than half; however, also knew that AIDS could not be acquired through kissing, insect bites or by using public toilets. In general, respondents had little specific knowledge regarding the symptoms of AIDS, and 29% were unaware that infected persons cou...
Elle s'appelait Sarah and the Limits of Postwar Witnessing and Memory

AbstractThis study offers an analysis of Gilles Paquet-Brenner's Elle s'appelait Sarah (2010) as historical and testimonial fiction. It investigates narrative strategies and storytelling choices used to represent France during the Nazi Occupation and to promote the importance of remembering and bearing witness to that period in the twenty-first century. This investigation will show that while the film's representation of 1940s France is admirable in its historical accuracy, the promotion of postwar rememoration is hampered by the use of a variety of complex and unconventional storytelling strategies. That narrative complexity results from Paquet-Brenner's close adaptation of Tatiana de Rosnay's novel Sarah's Key. This study shows that de Rosnay resorts to certain storytelling techniques due to generic constraints and the borrowing of tropes from non-fictional Occupation narratives. The film and the novel ultimately present a case study of genre and narrative authority in relation to the limits of the tran...
Role of the 5-HT2A receptor in the locomotor hyperactivity produced by phenylalkylamine hallucinogens in mice

The 5-HT₂A receptor mediates the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens and may play a role in the pathophysiology of certain psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Given these findings, there is a need for animal models to assess the behavioral effects of 5-HT₂A receptor activation. Our previous studies demonstrated that the phenylalkylamine hallucinogen and 5-HT₂A/₂C agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) produces dose-dependent effects on locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice, increasing activity at low to moderate doses and reducing activity at high doses. DOI did not increase locomotor activity in 5-HT₂A knockout mice, indicating the effect is a consequence of 5-HT₂A receptor activation. Here, we tested a series of phenylalkylamine hallucinogens in C57BL/6J mice using the Behavioral Pattern Monitor (BPM) to determine whether these compounds increase locomotor activity by activating the 5-HT₂A receptor. Low doses of mescaline, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine (DOPR), 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2), and the conformationally restricted phenethylamine (4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl)methylamine (TCB-2) increased locomotor activity. By contrast, the non-hallucinogenic phenylalkylamine 2,5-dimethoxy-4-tert-butylamphetamine (DOTB) did not alter locomotor activity at any dose tested (0.1-10 mg/kg i.p.). The selective 5-HT₂A antagonist M100907 blocked the locomotor hyperactivity induced by mescaline and TCB-2. Similarly, mescaline and TCB-2 did not increase locomotor activity in 5-HT₂A knockout mice. These results confirm that phenylalkylamine hallucinogens increase locomotor activity in mice and demonstrate that this effect is mediated by 5-HT₂A receptor activation. Thus, locomotor hyperactivity in mice can be used to assess phenylalkylamines for 5-HT₂A agonist activity and hallucinogen-like behavioral effects. These studies provide additional support for the link between 5-HT₂A activation and hallucinogenesis.
Technical evaluation of a dual junction same-band-gap amorphous silicon photovoltaic system

Abstract Monitoring of a 1.8-kWac utility-interconnect photovoltaic (PV) system employing amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules was initiated on December 7, 1992, at our outdoor PV test site. This system was deployed to conduct an in-situ technical evaluation of the PV array (in a high voltage configuration), and system performance and reliability in a utility-interconnect application. The system is unique because construction-grade insulation was added to the back of each PV module. Insulation was added in an attempt to levelize the annual array power output by elevating the operating temperature of the modules (thus enhancing thermal annealing). Array and system performance data are presented and the effects of individual losses as well as seasonal changes on PV array and system performance are quantified. In agreement with past results we show that the seasonal variations in array peak power largely result from changes in current that are well-correlated with temperature and inversely correlated with air mass. Thermally-induced annealing and light-induced degradation are shown to be prominent influences on dual-junction a-Si PV array performance. We also show that fill factor is relatively stable. This is attributed to the opposing influences of thermal and spectral effects, causing a reduction in the seasonal variation in fill factor.
Biliary excretion of nickel in rats

Nickel (Ni) concentrations were determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry in bile and plasma samples obtained from male rats following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 63NiCb (1.7 μmolkg) or non-radioactive NiCl2 (125 or 250 μmolkg). During the intervals from 1–6 or 11–16 h post-injection, the bile:plasma ratios of Ni concentrations ranged from 0.045–0.13, and the excretory clearance of Ni in bile ranged from 0.027-0.055 mlh. The estimated biliary excretion of Ni in the 24 h post-injection amounted to < 0.5% of the respective doses of NiCl2. Contrary to previous findings with other divalent metal ions, this study shows that biliary excretion is quantitatively unimportant for the elimination of exogenous Ni(II) in rats.
Camelina: Planting date and method effects on stand establishment and seed yield

Abstract There has been keen interest in camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) in recent years due to the unique fatty acid composition of the seed oil for human and animal consumption and, more importantly, the value of the seed oil to provide “green energy” to fuel commercial and military aircraft. The objective of our research was to evaluate several planting dates and two planting methods for camelina stand establishment and seed yield. Field experiments were conducted for three years at four distinct rainfed agro-environments in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Average crop-year precipitation at the sites during the three years was: Lind WA, 228 mm; Pendleton OR, 421 mm; Moscow ID (one year only), 760 mm; and Corvallis OR, 993 mm. Camelina was planted on an average of five dates at each site (n = 55) from early October to mid April at a rate of 6 kg/ha by either drilling seed at a shallow depth or broadcasting seed on the soil surface. Although camelina has excellent cold hardiness, the best plant stands were achieved with the late-winter and early-spring plantings. Four divergent planting date yield responses across sites were: no yield differences at Lind; increased yield with later planting dates at Pendleton; reduced yield with later plantings at Moscow (one year data); and a curvilinear response at Corvallis with the lowest yields from plantings in early fall and those after March 1 and highest yields from late-fall and mid-winter plantings. Both drilling and broadcast were effective for planting camelina with no overall advantage of either method. Seed yields ranged from
Differential Expression of reg-I and reg-II Genes During Aging in the Normal Mouse

A cDNA termed reg (for regenerating gene) has been isolated from a rat pancreatic DNA library. Reg expression has been shown to correlate with changes in beta cell mass and function. This finding has been recently challenged by studies showing a non-beta-cell-dependent regulation of reg expression. All studies to date, however, have neglected the fact that two nonallelic reg genes (reg-I and reg-II) exist in several species. In studying the regulation of each individual copy gene, we investigated reg-I and -II gene expression in a naturally occurring modification of beta-cell physiology: normal aging. RNA was isolated from individual pancreata of 1-, 3-, 9-, 20-, and 30-month-old C57BL/6J mice (n > or = 3 per group) and subjected to slot-blot analysis using homologous probes for reg-I, reg-II, insulin, and elastase-I. A progressive age-dependent decrease in total reg mRNA levels (reg-I and -II) was detected. At 30 months of age, total reg mRNA levels were approximately 45% of the level detected in 1-month-old mice (p = .01). This paralleled the decrease in insulin mRNA levels (p = .01), which fell below 50%; by contrast, mRNA levels for elastase-I increased with age (p = .05). Analysis of RNA isolated from purified islets did not reveal any mRNA for reg, suggesting that in the normal mouse, reg is primarily a product of the exocrine pancreas. Reg mRNA were detectable in RNA extracts from stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. By hybridization of total pancreatic RNA with oligonucleotide probes which specifically recognize reg-I or reg-II sequences, we show that reg-I mRNA levels declined with age (p = .001) while reg-II mRNA levels remained unchanged. These data demonstrate that in mouse pancreas the two nonallelic reg genes are differentially expressed during aging and that the decrease in reg-I mRNA levels parallels the decrease in insulin gene expression. Differential regulation of reg-I and reg-II genes may explain the presence of conflicting data in the current literature.
Convergence of noncholinergic afferent neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig

Abstract The pattern of noncholinergic innervation of principal ganglionic neurons from the lumbar colonic nerve (LCN) and lumbar splanchnic nerve (LSN) in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) of the guinea pig was studied with intracellular techniques. Simultaneous stimulation of the LCN and LSN at maximum frequency (20 Hz) and submaximal stimulus voltages (2–4 V) led to summation of slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSPs) indicating convergence of neural input. Summation was observed with submaximal (but not maximal) stimulation parameters in cells with either large or small amplitude maximum slow EPSPs suggesting that each neuron has an individual maximum capacity to depolarize in response to noncholinergic transmitter substances. The study indicates that neurons originating at both peripheral and central sites converge onto principal ganglionic neurons, thus these ganglionic neurons must perform a significant integrative function in the IMG.
Occurrence of oxidized components in Qingzhen enstatite chondrite

It is shown that the most unequilibrated enstatite chondrite, Qingzhen, contains a population of enstatite grains which appear to have formed under more oxidizing nebular conditions than the bulk of the meteorite, which is highly reduced. These grains are black in transmitted light because of the presence of micron-sized inclusions of Ni-poor, Cr-rich metal, and occur either isolated within the matrix or in chondrule interiors. The textural occurrence of these grains argues against their having been introduced during collision of Qingzhen with an oxidized meteorite. Most likely, they originated in the same general nebular neighborhood of the reduced bulk Qingzhen material and were subsequently transported into the reducing environment either before or during the process of chondrule formation. The discovery of this once-oxidized material in Qingzhen posed significant constraints on existing models of formation of reduced matter in the solar system.
Gender's effect on the hemispheric laterality of Rembrandt's portraits.

In 64% of Rembrandt's female portraits the poser's left-cheek faces the viewer. However, this occurs in only 33% of his male portraits. This asymmetry is consistent with viewers rating Rembrandt's left-cheeked male portraits as likely to be avoided, which may reflect that aggressive displays of dominance are governed by the contralateral right-hemisphere, while rating left-cheeked female faces as likely to be approached may indicate sexual attractiveness.Rembrandt's exposed-cheek gender difference paints both sexual selection and dominance as being governed by the right cerebral hemisphere.
Integrated process planning using tool/process capabilities and heuristic search

CAD–CAM integration has involved either design with standard manufacturing features (feature-based design), or interpretation of a solid model based on a set of predetermined feature patterns (automatic feature recognition). Thus existing approaches are limited in application to predefined features, and also disregard the dynamic nature of the process and tool availability in the manufacturing shop floor. To overcome this problem, we develop a process oriented approach to design interpretation, and model the shape producing capabilities of the tools into tool classes. We then interpret the part by matching regions of it with the tool classes directly. In addition, there could be more than one way in which a part can be interpreted, and to obtain an optimal plan, it is necessary for an integrated computer aided process planning system to examine these alternatives. We develop a systematic search algorithm to generate the different interpretations, and a heuristic approach to sequence operations (set-ups/tools) for the features of the interpretations generated. The heuristic operation sequencing algorithm considers features and their manufacturing constraints (precedences) simultaneously, to optimally allocate set-ups and tools for the various features. The modules within the design interpretation and process planner are linked through an abstracted qualitative model of feature interactions. Such an abstract representation is convenient for geometric reasoning tasks associated with planning and design interpretation.
RANDOM-WALK MODEL OF THE PHASE TRANSITION OF HYDROCARBON CHAINS ON A LATTICE

Fatty-acid side chains are simulated by the randon-walk path of a particle in three dimensions. Three independent Markov states are defined and made to correspond to trans and gauche states of real chains, by analogy to their packing properties. The stochastic matrix of transition probabilities is computed, and from it, the probability density for the occurrence of each Markov state is derived. We calculate the partition function for all configurations of a chain in the field of four nearest neighbors. The attractive interaction is of the form $\frac{1}{{r}^{6}}$ and depends upon the depth from the initial position. The phase transition experimentally observed in phospholipids is reasonably fitted by one free parameter in this model. The transition temperature, width, change in fraction of trans-to-total bonds, initial and final fractions---before and after the transition---, and enthalphy of transition, are calculated in good agreement with experimental results and models based on mean-field calculations. Applications of this approach to more complex lipid molecules are discussed.
Fruit and vegetable dietary behavior in response to a low-intensity dietary intervention: the rural physician cancer prevention project.

: Context:Increased fruit and vegetable intake can reduce cancer risk. Information from this study contributes to research exploring health disparities in high-risk dietary behavior. Purpose: Changes in fruit and vegetable behavior were evaluated to assess the effects of a low-intensity, physician-endorsed dietary intervention in a rural population. Methods: The study was a randomized trial of 754 patients from 3 physician practices in rural Virginia. Low-literacy nutrition education materials and personalized dietary feedback were administered by mail and telephone. Mixed model analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of the intervention on fruit and vegetable intake behavior, knowledge, intentions, and self-efficacy at 1, 6, and 12 months. Findings: The intervention effect was moderated by age, race, sex, and education. Intake at 1 and 6 months was increased for older and younger participants and those with some college, and further maintained at 12 months by those who did not complete high school. African Americans in the intervention group displayed significantly greater intentions to increase fruit/vegetable intake than whites/others. Knowledge of fruit/vegetable recommendations significantly increased in the intervention group at 12 months, particularly for men. Conclusions: For the rural population, a low-intensity physician-endorsed self-help dietary intervention was successful in initiating fruit and vegetable dietary changes at 1 and 6 months post-intervention, and increasing intentions to change in African Americans. The relationship of the moderating effects of age, race, sex and education need to be further explored in relation to dietary intervention and dietary behavior change for the rural population.
Forward recoil spectrometry study of the diffusion of PMDA/ODA-based poly(amic ethyl esters)

Abstract The poly(amic ethyl esters) (PAEs) of pyromellitic dianhydride/4,4′-oxydianiline (PMDA/ODA) were prepared in three isomeric forms, with meta -linkages, para -linkages and randomly alternating meta - and para -linkages (referred to as mixed PAEs). In addition to the normal PAEs (which contained only hydrogen and which were cast as base layers for diffusion studies), each of these isomeric PAE was synthesized in two other forms: (1) labelled with deuterium on the ODA segments, and (2) labelled with deuterium on the ethyl ester moiety to allow determination of the imide fraction, f . Forward recoil spectrometry (FRES) was utilized to provide information about the polyimide—polyimide interface by measuring the depth profile of hydrogen and deuterium for bilayer samples consisting of a thick non-deuterated base layer, and a thin deuterated tracer layer. FRES measurements indicated that the interdiffusion distance, w , decreased markedly with increasing imidization temperature, T i . For base layers prepared from N -methylpyrrolidone, w for the para - and mixed PAE base layers decreased more rapidly with T i than with w for the meta -PAE base layers. However, these differences were found to result from the differences in imidization kinetics of the various isomers with f increasing more rapidly with T i , for para - and mixed PAE than for the meta -PAE. Nevertheless, when w was plotted as a function of f , all of the isomers exhibited similar behaviour, i.e. w decreased steadily as the imide fraction f approached 1. Base layers cast from dimethyl sulfoxide did not show differences in either f or w after imidization at a given T i .
Chaotic neurons for on-line quality control in manufacturing

Given today's trend towards globalisation of markets, on-line quality control of manufacturing processes is deemed essential. We describe the use of neural networks and chaos theory to implement the idea of intelligent integrated diagnostics (IID) for this purpose. Our efforts are specifically concentrated on implementing IID in the turning process — a ubiquitous manufacturing process. We propose and develop two types of chaotic neurons — neural network architectures trained to capture the underlying chaotic dynamics of the turning process — to address the common problems of tool wear and chatter. The first, called the fractal estimation continuously estimates tool wear; the second, called theCOPAVAS, initiates optimal chatter control.
Cavity QED with whispering gallery modes of fused-silica microspheres

ABSTRACT The Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) of fused silica microspheres hold the promise for simultaneous acheivement of high Q ( > iOu) and small mode volumes ( 1O_14 m3) necessary for strong coupling in cavity QED. Here we present results for high Q measurements into the MR along with some progress towards experimental implementationin cavity QED. 1. INTRODUCTION For many different scientific and technological applications, one would like to have access to resonators with the ability to combine large quality factors Q with spatial confinement of the electric field. The Whispering Gallery Modes ( WGMs) of fused silica microspheres, whose properties were first experimentally studied in pioneering investigations by Braginsky and co-workers,1 provide a good example of such devices in the optical domain. These small opticalresonators have recently attracted considerable interest due to the potential for such diverse technological and scientific applications as frequency stabilization of semiconductor diode lasers2 and environmental sensing by trace
Benign adenomatous multicystic kidney tumor (Perlmann’s tumor) and renal cortical carcinoma with adenomatous multicystic features: 12 cases

Abstract Objectives. To re-examine clear cell cystic lesions of the kidney and to assess their potential clinicopathologic significance, as the long-forgotten diagnosis of benign adenomatous multicystic kidney tumor (Perlmann’s tumor) has not been cited in the literature in more than 35 years. Methods. We identified 12 patients between 1959 and 1996 who underwent a radical nephrectomy at our institution and were diagnosed with either adenomatous multicystic clear cell kidney tumor (n = 4) or with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with features of adenomatous clear cell multicystic kidney tumors (n = 8). All diagnoses were reviewed histologically by a single pathologist. Results. Nine of 12 patients had Stage T2N0M0 disease, and 3 patients had Stage T1N0M0 disease. There were 8 men and 4 women. The average age at the time of surgery was 60.5 years (range 25 to 74). Six patients are still alive with a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (range 1.5 to 16.3) and have no evidence of recurrent disease. Of the 6 patients who died, mean survival time was 8.8 years (range 0 to 15.7). One patient died in the perioperative period, and the other 5 patients died of other causes, unrelated to their kidney tumor. Conclusions. Adenomatous clear cell multicystic kidney disease may represent a histologically distinct benign neoplasm, and its presence in association with RCC may confer a more favorable prognosis. Its distinction from usual solid hemorrhagic or focally necrotic RCC is important.
PATTERNS OF FLORAL NECTAR-SUGAR COMPOSITION OF IPOMOPSIS LONGIFLORA (POLEMONIACEAE) NEAR THE CONTACT ZONE OF ITS SUBSPECIES LONGIFLORA AND AUSTRALIS

The nectar-sugar compositions of 338 individuals from 27 populations in two subspecies of Ipomopsis longiflora from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Chihuahua were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean sucrose compositions of populations ranged from 73.2% to 9 1 .9%, and the standard deviations ranged from 1 .9% to 9. 1%. Pairs and aggregates of populations were statistically compared. The nectar-sugar compositions of the two subspecies were significantly different as aggregates. Subspecies australis averaged 9.5% fructose, 7.9% glucose, and 82.6% sucrose while subspecies longiflora averaged 7.8% fructose, 5.7% glucose, and 86.5% sucrose. Each subspecies was found to have two groups of populations. Groups of higher sucrose populations were found along the contact zone of the subspecies; away from the contact zone both subspecies had groups of lower sucrose populations. The data show that significant variability exists in this biochemical character, and the pattern of variation is clearly related to the geographic distribution of the populations. The genetic and selective mechanisms involved are unknown.
A linear push-pull silicon optical modulator

We present a linear push-pull driven silicon modulator fabricated in IBM’s CMOS9WG technology node. The Si modulator shows third order nonlinearity suppression 3 dB superior in comparison with a commercial lithium niobate modulator.
Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum (Reply)

Squyres .1 contend that our proposed volcanic origin for Meridiani Planum2 is inconsistent with more recently obtained data3. But although the new data reveal some variation in chemical composition, this variation is small (Fig. 1a) and mainly due to modest variations in magnesium and sulphur, with concentrations of the other elements remaining essentially constant3. In a volcanic model, this variation can be readily explained by mobilization of highly soluble magnesium sulphate salts during the later stages of alteration and diagenesis (Fig. 1a), as in the sedimentary/evaporite model in which sediments that were initially deposited with uniform composition are subsequently modified3,4,5. Although morphological features in the bedrock may be consistent with aeolian and fluvial origins6, this interpretation is not unique, particularly as features with similar grain size, sorting and morphology are seen in base surge deposits2,7,8,9. Neither chemical nor morphological data therefore preclude a volcanic origin.
Exceptional family of elements and solvability of variational inequalities for mappings defined only on closed convex cones in Banach spaces

Abstract In this paper, we generalize the concept of exceptional family of elements for a completely continuous field from Hilbert spaces to Banach spaces and we study the solvability of the variational inequalities with respect to a mapping f that is from a closed convex cone of a Banach space B to the dual space B ∗ by applying the generalized projection operator π K and by using the Leray–Schauder type alternative.
High-performance steric exclusion chromatography of plant hormones

Abstract Details are presented of high-performance steric exclusion chromatography of plant hormones on a μSpherogel support with a molecular exclusion limit of
Further studies of the synthesis of 1-naphthols and 4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylbenzothiophene by protonation of Cp(CO)2WCTol and Cp(CO)2WC(2-C4H3S) in the presence of alkynes and carbon monoxide

Abstract The previously reported (K.E. Garrett et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111 (1989) 8383) preparation of a naphthol derivative by protonation of Cp(CO)2WCTol in the presence of MeCCMe has been extended to a variety of other alkynes (EtCCEt, HCCnPr, HCCiPr, HCCtBu, MeCCnPr, MeCCiPr). Naphthols were produced in each case with the terminal alkynes giving complete regioselectivity for the isomer with the alkyne hydrogen substituent located adjacent to the hydroxy group of the naphthol. This is exactly opposite to the regiochemistry typically observed for Dotz-type benzannulation reactions using (CO)5CrC(OR)R′ complexes. Also reported is the crystal structure of the thiophene-substituted carbyne complex Cp(CO)2WC(2-C4H3S) and its reaction with MeCCMe to form 4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylbenzothiophene.
Medical therapy of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.

Abstract Management of acute coronary syndromes has been the focus of increased interest in recent years. This has come about with the recognition that the majority of patients who present to the hospital with chest pain have unstable angina or non–Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI). Further, sensitive biochemical markers of myocardial necrosis, such as troponin and creatine kinase, have improved early diagnosis. Markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), although not in wide clinical practice, may provide an early and important marker of prognosis. The current approach to management of acute coronary syndromes is careful risk stratification so as to select appropriate medical therapies and to guide the clinician to appropriate interventions such as angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Established therapies such as aspirin, heparin, intravenous nitrates, and, in selected patients, β blockers or calcium antagonists, are being used concomitantly with, or are being supplanted by, newer therapies such as low-molecular-weight heparins and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The role of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) in patients with acute coronary syndromes is being investigated and shows promise.
A classification scheme for vulnerability and reliability parameters of graphs

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a classification scheme for measures of vulnerability and reliability in networks. We use these terms in a general sense. Since many network properties are actually properties of the underlying graph, we restrict this discussion to undirected graphs.
Single Polymer Chain Elongation by Atomic Force Microscopy

The elastic deformation of single polystyrene-b-poly-2-vinylpyridine chains from spun cast films was investigated by atomic force microscopy. A nonlinear elastic response is shown to be present hundreds of nanometers above the bulk surface. The length of the elastic response monotonically increases with molecular weight of the polymer. These nonlinear elastic responses are fit to wormlike chain and freely joined chain models giving persistence and Kuhn lengths of approximately 3 and 4 A, respectively. The entropic models reveal that the polymer chains are stretched to 80−90% of their contour length before the attachment to the tip is ruptured.
Single-facility scheduling by logic-based Benders decomposition

Logic-based Benders decomposition can combine mixed integer programming and constraint programming to solve planning and scheduling problems much faster than either method alone. We find that a similar technique can be beneficial for solving pure scheduling problems as the problem size scales up. We solve single-facility non-preemptive scheduling problems with time windows and long time horizons. The Benders master problem assigns jobs to predefined segments of the time horizon, where the subproblem schedules them. In one version of the problem, jobs may not overlap the segment boundaries (which represent shutdown times, such as weekends), and in another version, there is no such restriction. The objective is to find feasible solutions, minimize makespan, or minimize total tardiness.
Synthesis of p-isopropenylphenol in high-temperature water

The synthesis of p-isopropenylphenol (IPP) from bisphenol A (BPA) cleavage typically requires an alkaline catalyst and results in a mixture of IPP oligomers. Using high-temperature (200–350 °C) liquid water (HTW) as the reaction medium, we synthesized IPP from BPA without catalyst and without oligomerization. IPP and phenol are primary products from BPA cleavage, whereas acetone forms from IPP hydrolysis as a secondary product.
The patient's work.

In The Healer's Power , Howard Brody placed the concept of power at the heart of medicine's moral discourse. Struck by the absence of “power” in the prevailing vocabulary of medical ethics, yet aware of peripheral allusions to power in the writings of some medical ethicists, he intuited the importance of power from the silence surrounding it. He formulated the problem of the healer's power and its responsible use as “the central ethical problem in medicine.” Through the prism of power he refracted a wide range of ethical problems, from informed consent to truth-telling, from confidentiality to futility, from the physician's fantasies to the physician's virtues. At times this prism shed new light on old problems, enabling us to see from an unexpected angle the elements of which the problem was composed. At other times it exposed issues of ethical significance that had been neglected in the bioethics literature.
Wallenberg's Lateral Medullary Syndrome: Clinical-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations

• Objective. —To correlate clinical and radiologic findings in patients with lateral medullary infarction. Design. —Case series with "blinded" evaluation of brain imaging. Setting. —Hospitalized and ambulatory patients at the Neurological Institute of New York (NY). Patients. —Thirty-three consecutive patients with lateral medullary syndrome were evaluated by the Stroke Center between 1983 and 1989. Results. —Ataxia (70%), numbness either of the ipsilateral face or of the contralateral body (64%), vertigo (51 %), and dysphagia (51%) were the most frequent symptoms at onset. Eleven patients had ocular symptoms (diplopia or blurred vision). Horner's syndrome was found in 91 %, ipsilateral ataxia in 85%, and contralateral hypalgesia in 85%. Nystagmus (61%) and facial weakness (42%) were less frequent. Head computed tomography was abnormal only when a cerebellar infarction was present (three cases). Magnetic resonance imaging, obtained in 22 cases, was normal in two; a lateral medullary infarction alone was present in 12, and a lesion extending beyond the lateral medulla was found in eight. No correlation was noted between facial weakness or ocular symptoms and infarction extending beyond the lateral medullary region. Vertebral artery disease was confirmed by vascular imaging or insonation studies in 73% of patients. Conclusions. —The triad of Horner's syndrome, ipsilateral ataxia, and contralateral hypalgesia will clinically identify patients with lateral medullary infarction. Facial weakness and ocular symptoms are frequent and do not necessarily imply that the infarction extends beyond the lateral medulla. Cerebellar infarcts only infrequently accompany lateral medullary syndrome, suggesting that most of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory is spared, despite the high frequency of vertebral artery occlusion.
Science Education II: Scientific Literacy and the Karplus Taxonomy.

In this essay we explore the role played by the conceptual structure of science in scientific literacy. It is shown that the taxonomy of scientific concepts elucidated by Karplus is a basic structural characteristic of science, and provides a natural means forengaging, as distinct from merely “learning,” scientific content. Special attention is given to the idea “scientific model” as being fundamental to the discipline and therefore essential to scientific literacy. The relationship between scientific models and common misconceptions is developed.
Arrays of subcritical width rectangular speech bands maintain intelligibility at high intensities

Speech intelligibility declines at high intensities for both normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners, especially at high frequencies (Molis and Summers, 2003). However, it appears that this "rollover" effect can be minimized and intelligibility preserved by reducing speech in high frequency regions to an array of noncontiguous bands having vertical filter slopes (i.e., rectangular bands) and widths substantially narrower than a critical band. Normally hearing listeners were presented with sentences consisting of a 500-Hz lowpass pedestal band, presented at a fixed level of 70 dB, along with a variable-level array of ten 4% bands centered at every other ERBn from 1000 Hz to 8417 Hz. Intelligibility varied by less than 2% when the level of the array was increased from 65 to 95 dB. Most crucially, when within-band noise was added to both the lowpass speech and the subcritical band array, rollover averaging just 3.4% was obtained at a speech level of 95 dB, even when the signal-to-noise ratio was decreased to 0 dB. These results suggest that, in the normally noisy conditions of everyday life, subcritical-width rectangular bandpass filtering may substantially reduce rollover for listeners having substantial high frequency hearing loss.
Scanpaths in eye movements during pattern perception

Subjects learned and recognized patterns which were marginally visible, requiring them to fixate directly each feature to which they wished to attend. Fixed "scanpaths," specific to subject and pattern, appeared in their saccadic eye movements, both intermittently during learning and in initial eye movements during recognition. A proposed theory of pattern perception explains these results.
Virulence attributes of Escherichia coli isolated from dairy heifer feces

Escherichia coli isolates from 1,305 (of 6,894) fecal samples collected during the 1991–1992 USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Animal Health Monitoring System, Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project were tested for virulence attributes associated with human enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and the enterotoxin commonly associated with diarrhoea in newborn calves. Single, random isolates from each heifer were hybridized to probes derived from the 60 mDa EHEC plasmid (CVD 419), E. coli attaching and effacing gene (eae), Shiga-like toxin (slt) genes I and II, and E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin a (STaP). Seventy-seven of the 1305 isolates (5.9%) were slt-positive. Most (81.8%) slt-positive E. coli were also CVD 419 and eae-positive. Only 2 of the slt-positive E. coli isolates were STaP-positive.