cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-shot computation of reachable sets for differential games

We present a numerical method for computing backward reachable sets in differential games. A backward reachable set for time t is captured by the t sublevel set of the lower value function of the game, which coincides with the viscosity solution of a stationary Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) equation. We solve the stationary HJI equation in a computationally efficient way that does not involve any numerical integration over time, which would otherwise be required for time-dependent HJI equations. Backward reachable sets for all time points can simultaneously be extracted from the solution. The performance of the method is demonstrated by investigating the growth of multicellular structures of non-malignant and malignant breast cells as a proof of principle.
Bio-inspired active soft orthotic device for ankle foot pathologies

We describe the design of an active soft ankle-foot orthotic device powered by pneumatic artificial muscles for treating gait pathologies associated with neuromuscular disorders. The design is inspired by the biological musculoskeletal system of a human foot and a lower leg, and mimics the muscle-tendon-ligament structure. A key feature of the device is that it is fabricated with flexible and soft materials that provide assistance without restricting degrees of freedom at the ankle joint. Three pneumatic artificial muscles assist dorsiflexion as well as inversion and eversion. The prototype is also equipped with various embedded sensors for gait training and gait pattern analysis. The prototype is capable of 12° dorsiflexion from a resting position of an ankle joint and a 20° dorsiflexion from plantarflexion. Results of early feedback control experiments show controllability of ankle joint angles. Ultimately, we envision a system that not only can provide physical support to improve mobility but also can increase safety and stability during walking, while enhancing muscle usage and encouraging rehabilitation.
Minimizing L max for large-scale, job-shop scheduling problems

The academic literature in 2000 presented a procedure for solving the job-shop-scheduling problem of minimizing L max. The iterative-adaptive simulation-based procedure is shown here to perform well on large-scale problems. However, there is potential for improvement in closing the gap between best-known solutions and the lower bound. In the present paper, a simulated annealing post-processing procedure is presented and evaluated on large-scale problems. A new neighbourhood structure for local searches in the job-shop scheduling problem is developed. The procedure is also evaluated using benchmark problems and new upper bounds are established.
Top–Down Eco-Systems of Social Bonding on Juvenile Violent Behavior: Gender Sensitive Analysis

The aim of this study is to test a multifaceted model across gender, consisting of bonding systems in relation to violent behaviors of youth and explaining the relationships among them. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2006 was the source of data. This paper reports findings of a study examining gender-sensitive models with adolescent violent behavior, by testing multiple bonding systems in the adolescents’ environment simultaneously with use of (1) bi-variate statistical test, (2) t test, and (3) estimation of the structural equation modeling among all the concepts of violent behavior and bonding systems for the whole juvenile sample and separated sample of male and female juveniles. Both peer bonding and school bonding have an effect in decreasing violent behavior of both male and female youth. However, some different bonding systems were found to be effective only for a certain gender, community bonding for male youths and parental bonding for female youths. The satisfactory model fit was confirmed with whole, male-only, and female-only samples, along with new findings of several male-only and one female-only significant causal linkage among bonding systems.
Handling Uncertainty Propagation in Laminated Composites Through Multiscale Modeling of Progressive Failure

length scales (laminate, ply, and phase) of the micro-TFA model. Through systematic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that these coupling variables play a significant role in the propagation of uncertainty in the micro-TFA model. The uncertainty characteristics of coupling variables can be obtained on the basis of uncertainty distributions of the material and geometry parameters. This characterization of uncertainty in the coupling parameters allows for formulating the design problem in terms of a fewer number of random variables. Results included in the paper show that the use of metamodeling techniques to represent the micro-TFA model as a black-box can result in misleading conclusions, as it fails to adequately capture the influence of model uncertainties. Strategies to reduce computational costs of designing reliable composite structures are also presented.
Structure of human synaptotagmin 1 C2AB in the absence of Ca2+ reveals a novel domain association.

Release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles requires the Ca2+/phospholipid-binding protein synaptotagmin 1. There is considerable evidence that cooperation between the tandem C2 domains of synaptotagmin is a requirement of regulated exocytosis; however, high-resolution structural evidence for this interaction has been lacking. The 2.7 A crystal structure of the cytosolic domains of human synaptotagmin 1 in the absence of Ca2+ reveals a novel closed conformation of the protein. The shared interface between C2A and C2B is stabilized by a network of interactions between residues on the C-terminal α-helix of the C2B domain and residues on loops 1−3 of the Ca2+-binding region of C2A. These interactions alter the overall shape of the Ca2+-binding pocket of C2A, but not that of C2B. Thus, synaptotagmin 1 C2A−C2B may utilize a novel regulatory mechanism whereby one C2 domain could regulate the other until an appropriate triggering event decouples them.
Random Holonomy for Hopf Fibrations

Abstract In this paper we study the heat flow on sections of the complex and quaternion line bundles associated to the Hopf fibration over complex and quaternionic projective space. These bundles are equipped with natural metrics and connections. We represent solutions to the heat-equation by the expectation of an appropriate stochastic functional on path space. This uses the stochastic parallel transport. We obtain the first eigenvalue of the horizontal Laplacian by calculating conditional expectations of the stochastic parallel transport. We use a stochastic argument similar to a skew-product decomposition to reduce the problem to an ordinary differential equation of Sturm–Liouville type. We find all eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of this equation.
Hemodynamic responses in visual, motor, and somatosensory cortices in schizophrenia.

Recent advances in functional neuroimaging allow comparisons between individuals with schizophrenia and control groups. Previous studies of schizophrenia have used blocked task paradigms and, more recently, “rapid event-related” designs in which stimuli of different types are presented close together in an intermixed fashion. The validity of between-group comparisons in both of these types of paradigms depends on excluding the possibility that observed functional response differences are attributable to altered hemodynamic responses in individuals with schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to begin a systematic examination of the hemodynamic response in schizophrenia. We administered a flashing checkerboard paradigm with a motor response to 17 individuals with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls. Both groups showed robust activation of visual, motor, somatosensory, and supplementary motor regions. For the most part, the individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated intact peak amplitude, variance, latency, and linear summation properties in regions activated by this task. We did find some evidence for increased variability in the amplitude and latency of the hemodynamic responses in the visual and somatosensory cortices, although the magnitudes of these group differences were relatively small. These results begin to validate the interpretation of functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia in terms of neuronal as opposed to vascular mechanisms.
Effect of Interviewer's Voice Intonation

INTONATIONS of words or phrases often given significant cognitive and affective meaning to speech (Starkweather, 1956; Merhabian and Ferris, 1967; Lieberman, 1968; Zahn, 1971; Stokoe, 1975). The influence of inflection may be particularly significant in a sequence or list of "yes-no" or "agree-disagree" items. Since each item consists of a single word or phrase rather than a complete sentence, the usual markers indicating the question form are lacking. Since other cues are not present, the interviewer's intonation is the only signal available. In listening to tape recordings of survey interviews made in a methodological field study, we became aware that interviewers, when asking a long series of yes-no list items, tended to drop their voices after each item instead of raising them as is usual in asking questions. This behavior was sufficiently common among interviewers to raise the question of its effect on the respondent. The study reported here was designed to investigate the following two issues: (1) whether intonational contrasts (i.e., voice-dropping vs. voicerising intonation) have any effect on frequency of positive ("yes") responses in a yes-no list, (2) whether intonation of a question has any effect on the respondent's task-related interest. Our general feeling behind these exploratory questions was that a dropping voice intonation, as opposed to a rising voice, might indicate a
Privacy, availability and economics in the Polaris mobile social network

While highly successful, today's online social networks (OSNs) have made a conscious decision to sacrifice privacy for availability and centralized control. Unfortunately, tradeoffs in this "walled garden" architecture naturally pit the economic interests of OSN providers against the privacy goals of OSN users, a battle that users cannot win. While some alternative OSN designs preserve user control over data, they do so by de-prioritizing issues of economic incentives and sustainability. In contrast, we believe any practical alternative to today's centralized architecture must consider incentives for providers as a key goal. In this paper, we propose a distributed OSN architecture that significantly improves user privacy while preserving economic incentives for OSN providers. We do so by using a standardized API to create a competitive provider marketplace for different components of the OSN, thus allowing users to perform their own tradeoffs between cost, performance, and privacy. We describe Polaris, a system where users leverage smartphones as a highly available identity provider and access control manager, and use application prototypes to show how it allows data monetization while limiting the visibility of any single party to users' private data.
Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Peroxidase and Lipoxygenase from Broccoli, Green Asparagus and Carrots

ABSTRACT: Thewermal inactivation curves for peroxidase (POD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in broccoli (florets), green asparagus (tip and stem), and carrots (cortex and core) extracts were determined in the range of 70 to 95 °C for 0 to 600 s. The capillary tube method was used to obtain quasi-isothermal conditions. The kinetics of both enzymes showed a biphasic first-order model, while at 70 °C, LOX in asparagus showed a monophasic first-order behavior. LOX activity was not detected for carrots. Kinetic parameters, k and Ea, were determined for heat-labile and heatresistant isoenzyme fractions. Additionally, initial and residual activities for both enzymes within tissue sections showed a different distribution and heat stability.
Time-Stamp Management and Query Execution in Data Stream Management Systems

Relational query languages can effectively express continuous queries on data streams after modest extensions. However, implementing such queries efficiently in data stream management systems requires major changes in execution models and optimization techniques. In particular, finer-granularity execution models that are conducive to effective time-stamp management and response-time optimization must replace databases' relational algebra schemes. This article introduces such a model and uses it to solve the idle-waiting problems of data stream operators, such as unions, joins, and aggregates over windows with slides.
A hybrid search strategy to enhance multiple objective optimization

This paper presents a new adaptive strategy for combining global (exploration) and local (exploitation) search capabilities of a multi-objective particle swarm optimizer (MOPSO).The goal of hybridization of search strategies is to enhance an optimizer's overall performance. In contrast to previous attempts at hybridization, the proposed methodology efficiently balances exploration and exploitation of the search space using the two novel methods of intersection test and objective function normalization. Experimental results obtained from several well-known test cases demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed MOPSO algorithm. The results are compared with those obtained from NSGA-II, which is a well-established evolutionary algorithm.
Discussion of “Rigorous Estimation of Local Accuracies” by Tomás Soler and Dru Smith

This discussion includes: • Correctness of an assumption, • Implied lack of rigor in cited work, and • Challenge to authors’ claim to first publication. Soler and Smith use two rotation matrices in their derivation— one at the standpoint (point 1) and the other at the forepoint (point 2). That creates two problems: 1. Computing local components of geocentric coordinate errors at points 1 and 2 using Eqs. (1) and (2) in Soler and Smith’s paper represents legitimate mathematical operations, but local east/ north/up (e;n;u) values at point 1 are not compatible with local e;n;u values at point 2 because separate rotation matrices were used, making the orientation of the two axes different. Therefore, local error differences as computed by the authors’ Eqs. (6a), (6b), and (6c) do not reflect the local error in the position of point 2 with respect to point 1. 2. The use of two separate matrices by Soler and Smith is also reflected in their Eq. (10), where separate rotation matrices are used at points 1 and 2. That flaw is propagated into their Eq. (14), which does not give a correct expression for the local accuracy of point 2 with respect to point 1. In short, the rotation matrix of point 2 [R2] should not be a part of their derivation. But Soler and Smith’s extension of Burkholder’s previous work can be salvaged if one uses the rotation matrix at point 1 to compute local e;n;u errors at both points 1 and 2. With that modification, the local error differences found in their Eqs. (6a), (6b), and (6c) will correctly represent the positional error of point 2 with respect to point 1. The defect in Soler and Smith’s Eq. (14) is remedied by replacing the rotation matrix at point 2 [R2] with the rotation matrix at point 1 [R1]. The appendix of this discussion contains an alternate derivation of Soler and Smith’s Eq. (14) based upon the fundamental errorpropagation equation, the covariance matrix of the vector from point 1 to point 2, and the partial derivatives of point 2 with respect to point 1. The following points are also made: • Soler and Smith acknowledge that treatment of local accuracy as given in Burkholder (2008) may be assumed to be conceptually correct. This discussion shows that Burkholder’s treatment is also fully rigorous. • A mathematical definition of local accuracy was published in Burkholder (1999) and cited in Burkholder (2008). • The concept of local accuracy is described in Burkholder (2008). The local accuracy concept is identified in Chapter 1 as part of the stochastic model, is included in Chapter 11 in the GPS network example, and is demonstrated by a spreadsheet example in Appendix C. Related Comments
Metagenomic analysis of size-fractionated picoplankton in a marine oxygen minimum zone.

Marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) support diverse microbial communities with roles in major elemental cycles. It is unclear how the taxonomic composition and metabolism of OMZ microorganisms vary between particle-associated and free-living size fractions. We used amplicon (16S rRNA gene) and shotgun metagenome sequencing to compare microbial communities from large (>1.6 μm) and small (0.2–1.6 μm) filter size fractions along a depth gradient in the OMZ off Chile. Despite steep vertical redox gradients, size fraction was a significantly stronger predictor of community composition compared to depth. Phylogenetic diversity showed contrasting patterns, decreasing towards the anoxic OMZ core in the small size fraction, but exhibiting maximal values at these depths within the larger size fraction. Fraction-specific distributions were evident for key OMZ taxa, including anammox planctomycetes, whose coding sequences were enriched up to threefold in the 0.2–1.6 μm community. Functional gene composition also differed between fractions, with the >1.6 μm community significantly enriched in genes mediating social interactions, including motility, adhesion, cell-to-cell transfer, antibiotic resistance and mobile element activity. Prokaryotic transposase genes were three to six fold more abundant in this fraction, comprising up to 2% of protein-coding sequences, suggesting that particle surfaces may act as hotbeds for transposition-based genome changes in marine microbes. Genes for nitric and nitrous oxide reduction were also more abundant (three to seven fold) in the larger size fraction, suggesting microniche partitioning of key denitrification steps. These results highlight an important role for surface attachment in shaping community metabolic potential and genome content in OMZ microorganisms.
Latino and Asian American Mobilization in the 2006 Immigration Protests

Objective. Through a comparative analysis of Latino and Asian American participation in the 2006 immigration rallies, this article presents a new framework for understanding differential protest outcomes. Methods. To understand the relative lack of Asian American participation in contrast to their Latino counterparts, I conducted in-depth interviews with community organization leaders and assessed the text of HR 4437, U.S. ethnic media, and organizational resources. Results. I find that structural disadvantages diminished prospects for Asian American activists to effectively mobilize the Asian American community. Conclusion. By conducting a systematic and multidimensional approach to understanding differential protest participation, I conclude that structural conditions significantly advantage the mobilization of certain groups over others.
Synthesis and characterization of dual-wavelength Cl−-sensitive fluorescent indicators for ratio imaging

The fluorescence of quinolinium-based Cl− indicators such as 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ) is quenched by Cl− by a collisional mechanism without change in spectral shape. A series of...
Overview: Mechanisms of Hypertension: Cells, Hormones, and the Kidney

Hypertension is the most prevalent treatable risk factor for stroke, coronary artery dis- ease, and renal disease. Inade- quately treated hypertension is also a significant risk factor for dementia. Despite the over- whelming evidence for the ad- verse effects of hypertension on ogy of elevated BP in individual patients. Recent advances in our knowledge of monogenic, inherited forms of hypertension have provided a glimpse into the future when it may be possible to identify the specific genes, hormonal pathways, cellular events, and environmental factors that contribute to elevated BP in the individual patient. Frontiers in Nephrology in this issue of JASN focuses on mechanisms involved in hypertension. Each manuscript ad- dresses an important area of research that has advanced our knowledge of the understanding of the pathogenesis of ele- vated BP. Moreover, these investigations highlight several exciting possibilities for innovative and mechanistic-based treatment of hypertension that have the potential to improve our management of this important risk factor.
Brain Edema in Neurological Diseases

In the brain, the transport of water and solute is precisely regulated. This maintains a stable and unique microenvironment that is critical to brain function. Cerebral edema results from the excess of fluid in the brain’s intra- and extracellular spaces. This occurs in response to a wide variety of insults, including cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, infection, brain tumors, and neuroinflammation. Cytotoxic edema leads to intracellular swelling without alterations in vascular permeability. Vasogenic edema is associated with damage to the blood–brain barrier. These types of edema rarely exist in isolation. In most neuropathological conditions, one type of edema predominates, but both coexist. This chapter focuses on the major molecular mechanisms triggering brain edema, including alterations in ion channels and transporters, matrix metalloproteinases, tight junction protein degradation, free radicals, and products of the arachidonic acid metabolism. We review present knowledge of the contribution to brain edema of molecules such as aquaporins, vasopressin, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and bradykinin. We further examine brain imaging modalities that have revolutionized clinical diagnosis of cerebral edema. Finally, we provide a critical evaluation of the current strategies for the treatment of brain edema.
Ikea and the Natural Step

In 1996, IKEA's $5 billion in revenues made it the world's largest retailer of furniture and home furnishings. This case uses IKEA to analyze how large companies can retain their entrepreneurial roots and innovative capacities through various means, including the management of global networks of alliances, internal systems that encourage innovation, and a strong corporate culture. IKEA has extended its activities as an innovator through its incorporation of the Natural Step framework for assessing the ecological and social sustainability of commercial activity. The case lends itself to class discussions of entrepreneurship and innovation in large firms, environmentally responsible strategies and network ties, leadership, and corporate culture/values.
History of U.S. military contributions to the study of sexually transmitted diseases

ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted diseases have posed a threat to military service members throughout history. Among these diseases, syphilis, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus infections have accounted for the most significant morbidity and mortality rates in the U.S. military. In response, military researchers have made significant contributions to the treatment and prevention of these diseases. We review the impact of these diseases through the history of the U.S. Armed Forces and review selected sexually transmitted disease-oriented publications of U.S. military researchers.
Age-at-family formation and family size: A cross-cultural comparison

Demographers suggest that as the less developed societies become modernized the direction and effect of the determinants of fertility in these societies will become similar to that of the developed societies. This study explores the net influence of age-at-family formation on family size among 2 high fertility populations in 2 different social contexts: 1 in a developed setting (Racine in Wisconsin) and the other a developing setting (city of Ahmedabad in India). Age-at-family formation has a strong negative effect on completed family size. The effect is found to be stronger in the case of the population in Racine. Explaining the cross-cultural differences in the decision-making process related to fertility may be more important than mere structural changes such as urbanization and industrialization resulting in similar mean age-at-family formation. Socioeconomic models of fertility propose a number of variables related to family size. Large family size can be a handicap to socially desired goals because of economic impairment. Blake suggests that holding opportunity costs constant there should be a positive relationship between income and family size provided children are socially desired. Economic models for fertility suggest education and family size are negatively related. The Indian sample data used in this study are drawn from a sample of 2000 households surveyed in 1976 for an ecological study. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select sample households. The US data are taken from a longitudinal study of Black Mexican-American and other Americans drawn from Wisconsin during 1959-61. Household information was obtained from the head of the household. Multiple regression is used to analyze the data. The dependent variable is Completed Family Size (the number of children born to the respondent and alive at the time of the interview). Age-at-family formation non-nuclear family husbands income husbands education and family size are positively related to wifes income in the Indian sample; these variables are negatively related to wifes income in the Mexican-American sample. The nonnuclear family type has a negative effect on Indian family size positive on Mexican-American family size. (summaries in ENG FRE SPA)
Relative Toxicity of Bay 77488 and Dursban Against Stored-Product Insects

When applied topically, Bay 77488 ( O, O -diethyl Phosphorothioate O -ester with phenylglyoxylonitrile oxime) and Dursban® ( O, O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) were more effective than malathion as direct-contact toxicants against adults of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal; and cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.); and larvae of Indian-meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner); and black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.) (= A. piceus (Olivier)).
Lipid metabolism in cultured cells. I. Factors affecting cholesterol uptake.

Summary1. Some of the factors influencing uptake of cholesterol by a strain of mammalian cells growing in vitro have been examined. 2. Cholesterol uptake by cells is dependent upon the type of serum used in the medium. Cells grown on rabbit serum had a higher cholesterol content than cells grown on human adult serum or human placental cord serum. Rabbit serum, however, had the lowest serum cholesterol level. 3. Cholesterol content of cells was not influenced by concentration of serum cholesterol in the growth medium provided the relative proportions of cholesterol and serum protein were not changed. 4. When emulsions of free (nonprotein bound) cholesterol were added to serum medium, relatively small increases in cholesterol content of the medium resulted in large increases in cholesterol content of the cells. 5. By use of C14 labelled cholesterol, it was shown that unbound cholesterol was taken up preferentially as compared with cholesterol in the protein-bound form. 6. Cholesterol content of cells was no...
SiGe/Si Heterostructures for Photonics

An overview of SiGe/Si materials research and photonic device opportunities will be presented, highlighting some recent successes and the challenges ahead. Recent progress in Si-based architectures for potential optoelectronic device applications will be reviewed. Novel photonic devices will be discussed, illustrating the potential for SiGe integration with mainstream Si integrated circuits. Epitaxy at low temperatures (less than 600°C) permits the growth of highly strained Si(1−x)Ge(x)/Si multilayers. These exhibit unique optical and electrical properties characteristic of the alloy composition, the tetragonal distortion of the crystal lattice, and the periodicity in the growth direction. However, the built-in strain in SiGe/Si is both a blessing and a curse: band-structure tailoring is available but the penalties are a rigid critical-strain thickness limit and a modest thermal budget for processing.
Interspecific Interactions Between Orius insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Leptothrips mali (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

The interspecific interactions of 5th-instar Orius insidiosus (Say) and 2nd-instar larvae of another mite predator, Leptothrips mali (Fitch), was studied in the laboratory. L. mali is a potential prey for O. insidiosus , but has a defensive anal secretion which repels predator attacks. Most contacts between well-fed O. insidiosus and L. mali resulted in mutual avoidance. Most attacks by O. insidiosus were unsuccessful, especially if the approach was from the rear. Contact with the thrips' anal secretion resulted in immediate repelling of O. insidiosus , with subsequent cleaning activity lasting 1 to 3 min. This study indicates that these two predators are compatible, especially in the presence of another food source such as the European red mite.
Some Aids for Field Photography of Insects

The construction, calibration and field use of a hand-held Bracket uniting a 35-mm. single lens reflex camera and a speed light lamp (i.e., electronic flash) is described briefly. The bracket permits the intersection of the lens and lamp axes at the subject when the subject is in focus for a continuous range of subject lengths from about 1 m. to 27 mm. Also described are: (a) a remote control device for the lens diaphragm, (b) an eye cup attached to the camera to exclude extraneous light, and (c) a fitted case for the camera, bracket, speed light and attachments while connected together mechanically and electrically and ready for immediate use.
Simultaneous Virtual Planning Implant Surgical Guides and Immediate Laboratory-Fabricated Provisionals: An Impressionless Technique

Abstract Since the emergence of dental implants as treatment modality, there has been a constant evolution to improve the accuracy, efficiency and long term success even in the most complicated cases. In this day and age, patient's expectations are higher than ever to achieve their desired treatment in a prompt and convenient manner. To meet these expectations implant therapy has grown to be highly sophisticated. For the past decade, computed tomography (CT) scans have been utilized to improve the treatment planning process. Further more they have been used to fabricate surgical guides, making implant placement not only more accurate but also safer. On the other hand, advancements in the implant prosthetics now have made immediate restorations more feasible. This article reviews two cases, where dental implants are based through a CT fabricated surgical guide, and immediately restored with a lab fabricated screw retained bridge. This novel technique utilizes intraoral digital scanner instead of the conventional alginate impression and combines the electronic data with the CT images to fabricate both the surgical guide and the immediate provisional restoration.
Numerical Simulation and Testing Study on Extrusion Process of FGH96 Alloy

According to the rigid-plastic finite element theory on DEFORM-3D software platform,the simulation study of the FGH96 alloy extrusion process under different parameters (friction factor,transfer coefficient of the between die and billet)has been conducted. The loading,temperature,strain field and the line of metal flow have been obtained.It provides reference to optimization of the technological parameters in bar extrusion process,which get a good result in practical application.
Palpable purpura, polyarthritis and abdominal pain.

We report a patient who presented with a purpuric rash and polyarthritis, but IgA deposits were not found in the skin. Abdominal pain and renal disease first emerged 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, after presentation, to reveal the classic tetrad of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Our patient emphasises the need for careful follow-up in patients with cutaneous vasculitis, as they may develop systemic manifestations, of which renal involvement, particularly, may be asymptomatic.
Aging- and training-induced alterations in collagen characteristics of rat left ventricle and papillary muscle.

We evaluated the single and interactive effects of aging and exercise training on selected parameters of myocardial interstitium in both the left ventricle (LV) and LV papillary muscle of female Fi...
A Rare Case of Cutaneous Gamma Delta T-Cell Lymphoma With Complete Body Involvement

A 57-year-old female presented to the emergency department of our hospital with painful skin lesions since 3 months. On examination, ulcerating tumors and plaques occupied 100% of her body and enlarged firm left axillary lymph nodes were present. On imaging, PET scan revealed hypermetabolic cutaneous lesion, and hyperactive B/L axillary, inguinal and intra-parotid lymph nodes. Punch biopsy from right medial thigh skin lesion showed phenomenon of epidermotropism. PCR studies showed strong expression of TCR gamma by atypical cells. FNAC of axillary lymph node and bone marrow biopsy was negative. Based on histo-immunological evidence and dermatologist input, the diagnosis of cytotoxic cutaneous gamma delta T-cell lymphoma (CGDTCL) was made. Patient received five cycles of total skin electron beam therapy. Contrary to the present literature that suggests that cutaneous gamma delta T-cell lymphomas are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, our patient responded very well to total skin electron beam radiation therapy. The tumors on her body flattened with complete resolution of pain and pruritis. This case report summarizes the unusual presentation of CGDTCL and response to treatment. J Med Cases. 2016;7(8):364-367 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2584w
Laryngeal Body Tumors

The first reports of a glomus tumor occurring in the larynx were made simultaneously in 1955 by Andrews, Blanchard and Saunders, and by Zeitlhofer, antedating the discovery of the normal organ by nearly a decade. The world literature on the subject is summarized in Table 16-1. Vetters and Toner (1970) also cited an additional 6 unpublished cases studied by Thackray and Ranger, which in the paper of Michaels (1975) was expanded to 14, for which clinical details are lacking. Zachariah and Shah (1972) and Bundi (1974) republished the case of Vetters and Toner (1970). Dhom and Hohbach (1980) reported a follow-up on the patient of Hohbach and Mootz (1978). Hyams (1975) reported the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology to contain 6 cases of laryngeal paraganglioma.
Hyperfunction of the Adrenal Cortex

Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex is associated with three distinct clinical syndromes. Hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids by the zona glomerulosa results in the syndrome of primary hyperaldosteronism; hyperfunction of the zona fasciculata is expressed as Cushing’s syndrome; hyperfunction of zona reticularis results in virilizing syndromes.
Improvement of Mathematical Models for Plume Rise and Drift Deposition from Cooling Towers

Abstract New models for plume rise and salt-drift deposition from cooling towers are presented. For plume rise, assumptions are made which help resolve the usual difficulty of correctly predicting both plume trajectory and dilution. The multiple-tower plume merging method accounts for different rates of entrainment depending on the orientation of the merging plumes with the wind direction. Model calibration and verification have been made with field and laboratory data from natural- and mechanical- draft cooling towers. For salt-drift deposition modeling, new droplet breakaway and droplet evaporation formulations are developed. The drop evaporation treatment accounts for the usually important effects of droplet salt-concentration gradients. The drift model has been validated with field data taken at the Chalk Point site.
Anesthesia in the Bariatric Patient

Successful surgical management of obesity requires the appropriate utilization of anesthesia; derived from the Greek roots an for without and aisthēsis for sensation. Modern surgical techniques and advances have been the direct result of anesthetic technology. Prior to the advent of the sedative, relaxing, and amnesic capacities offered, operations were limited by patient tolerance and as such had considerably higher rates of failure and complication.
Role of Thermal Expansion and Redistribution of Components on the Temperature Dependence of the Lattice Misfit in γ/γ' Superalloys

The relative role of thermal expansion and redistribution of alloy components in the temperature dependence of the lattice misfit in γ/γ' alloys is investigated on the basis of ab initio calculations. We show that in a wide temperature region up to approximately 0.6·Tmelt, the lattice misfit is determined by the difference in thermal expansion of γ and γ' phases and shows only a slight variation. For higher temperatures the redistribution of the major alloy components between the phases becomes a leading contribution to the lattice misfit.
Abstract 294: Intra-renal Administration of Hepatocyte-Growth Factor Reversed Microvascular Functional Rarefaction and Decreased Remodeling in the Stenotic Kidney

Background: We have shown that renal microvascular (MV) damage and loss contributes to the progression of renal injury in the stenotic kidney (StK). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a powerful angiogenic and anti-fibrotic cytokine that we have shown to be reduced in the StK. Thus, we hypothesize that intra-renal administration of HGF will protect the renal MV architecture and function in the StK. Methods: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) was induced in 10 pigs. Pigs were observed untreated for 6 weeks and then RBF and GFR quantified in vivo using multi-detector CT. Then, rh-HGF (RAS+HGF, 2 ug/kg, single injection, n=5) or placebo (n=5) was infused in the StK, observed for 4 additional weeks, and in vivo CT studies repeated. Pigs were then euthanized at 10 weeks, StK removed, renal MV architecture quantified using 3D micro-CT in situ , and renal angiogenic activity, MV remodeling, and fibrosis was determined ex vivo . Results: Intra-renal administration of HGF improved RBF and GFR at 10 weeks, accompanied by improved angiogenic signaling, decreased MV remodeling and fibrosis. However, renal MV density not altered by treatment with HGF. (Figure). Conclusion: Despite a similar MV density, an intra-renal administration of HGF improved renal hemodynamics, decreased MV dysfunction and remodeling, and attenuated fibrosis, suggesting a protective effect of rh-HGF in the StK. These results indicate that, in the stenotic kidney, HGF has the potential to improve renal function by protecting the renal microvasculature.
Medical and economic implications of strategies to prevent alloimmunization in sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of alloimmunization is not well understood, and initiatives that aim to reduce the incidence of alloimmunization are generally expensive and either ineffective or unproven. In this review, we summarize the current medical literature regarding alloimmunization in the sickle cell disease (SCD) population, with a special focus on the financial implications of different approaches to prevent alloimmunization. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A review of EMBASE and MEDLINE data from January 2006 through January 2016 was conducted to identify articles relating to complications of SCD. The search was specifically designed to capture articles that evaluated the costs of various strategies to prevent alloimmunization and its sequelae. RESULTS Currently, there is no proven, inexpensive way to prevent alloimmunization among individuals with SCD. Serologic matching programs are not uniformly successful in preventing alloimmunization, particularly to Rh antigens, because of the high frequency of variant Rh alleles in the SCD population. A genotypic matching program could offer some cost savings compared to a serologic matching program, but the efficacy of gene matching for the prevention of alloimmunization is largely unproven, and large-scale implementation could be expensive. CONCLUSIONS Future reductions in the costs associated with genotype matching could make a large-scale program economically feasible. Novel techniques to identify patients at highest risk for alloimmunization could improve the cost effectiveness of antigen matching programs. A clinical trial comparing the efficacy of serologic matching to genotype matching would be informative.
Single-center comparison of the efficacy and complications of arterial vascular closure devices in interventional radiology:

IntroductionVascular closure devices (VCDs) are commonly used to achieve hemostasis of arterial access sites, but there is little comparative data on the variety of VCDs currently in clinical use. ...
Review: Vitamin E is not clearly effective for intermittent claudication

Source Citation Kleijnen J, Mackerras D. Vitamin E for the treatment of intermittent claudication. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 1998. Oxford: Update Software.
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadal Function

The central nervous system (CNS) has an essential role in regulation of gonadal function. Electric stimulation or anatomic lesions of the hypothalamus can provoke or prevent ovulation. Furthermore, extrahypothalamic structures, such as those in the limbic system are connected functionally and anatomically with the hypo-thalamus. The hypothalamus controls the function of the anterior pituitary gland by a series of chemical messengers (hypophysiotropic hormones) that are synthesized in specific areas of the hypothalamus. Although many use the term releasing hormones for these messengers, they may either inhibit or stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones. Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neurosecretory neurons are involved in the elaboration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), from the hypothalamus (603).
A Meta-Analysis of Correlations between Trait Mindfulness and Impulsivity: Implications for Counseling

This study applied meta-analysis to investigate mean correlations between self-report measures of awareness and attention (AA) of trait mindfulness, and five major sub-traits of impulsivity that underlie various behavioral problems (e.g., binge drinking) and/or mental health issues. In total, we identified 13 articles and retrieved relevant information when provided. The results revealed that AA had various degrees of mean correlations (from small to large) with different impulsive sub-traits. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
The influence of values and attitudes on green consumer behavior: A conceptual model of green hotel patronage

This study develops a comprehensive conceptual framework of consumer behavioral intentions in green hotels. Based on Schwartz’s values theory, using Stern’s nomenclature, in conjugation with value-...
Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Levee Breach Including Slumping Failure of Breach Sides

AbstractThe overtopping failure of noncohesive earthen levees was investigated by considering sediment transport by flowing water and including slumping failure due to slope instability. The breach...
Carotid Artery Stenting: Current Status

Severe carotid stenosis is traditionally treated by carotid endarterectomy (CEA), given that multicenter trials have shown a benefit in stroke reduction in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) with cerebral protection has become an alternative to CEA in high-surgical-risk patients and the procedure of choice in patients with hostile neck anatomy or highly inaccessible lesions. This chapter summarizes and critically analyzes the existing data on CAS and the current indications for its use.
Rock-paper-scissors: nifty tools and assignments

In the childhood game of "rock-paper-scissors", two participants select one of three different gestures. The selected gestures are then compared using the following rule set: rock crushes scissors, scissors cuts paper, and paper covers rock. Ties are broken by repeating the game as needed. The game can be played until the first winner is determined, or in repeated rounds (e.g. best two out of three).
Pavloviana in the USA: Archives of the history of American psychology, university of Akron

This paper represents one step in the effort to locate, examine, and make generally available archival materials related to the life and work of I. P. Pavlov and held outside the Soviet Union, in particular in the United States. The Archives of the History of American Psychology contain fairly extensive correspondence among American psychologists, with informative references to Pavlov, including letters written by K. S. Lashley, R. M. Yerkes, and J. B. Watson. References to Pavlov are also located in a variety of other sources, including reminiscenses of psychologists and R. M. Yerkes’“Obituary” of Pavlov written in 1916. Pictures of Pavlov and his close associates are reproduced from still photographs and motion picture films.
Chisholm on Intentionality, Thought, and Reference

Owing largely to the impetus of Professor Chisholm’s writings, the topic of Intentionality has come to occupy a prominent place in current work in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of psychology. The aim of this paper is threefold: (i) briefly to characterize the topic — the Intentionality of thought — and the associated philosophical problems; (ii) to survey Chisholm’s contributions to the issue; and (iii) to offer a critical assessment of Chisholm’s position in the context of some of its major contemporary rivals.
Internet-Mediated Learning in Public Affairs Programs: Issues and Implications.

Public affairs programs engaging in Internet-mediated teaming are already finding themselves faced with many complex issues stemming from this growing trend. These issues affect faculty, students, ...
Analysis of the Block Delivery Time of the Licklider Transmission Protocol

The Licklider transmission protocol is a point-to-point communication protocol designed for space links, which commonly involve extreme delays, disruptions, and lossy transmissions. The protocol sends application data in blocks, which in turn are sent in segments. It achieves reliable block delivery through multiple transmission rounds, each one re-sending the segments lost during the previous round. This retransmission process drives protocol performance. We derive exact and approximate methods to find the average number of rounds per block. Then, we estimate the block delivery time and other metrics using this value. We found that the common practice of matching segment lengths to the maximum transfer unit of the link layer may lead to suboptimal performance. The models provide accurate protocol performance prediction, which can help to optimize protocol parameters for specified operating conditions.
Pathophysiology of pediatric movement disorders.

Pediatric movement disorders constitute a relatively small cluster of symptoms that can be associated with many different underlying diseases. To provide effective treatment, it is essential to und...
110th Anniversary: The First Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis of Ammonia in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Using a Gravimetric Microbalance

The first vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements for the binary systems of ammonia (NH3) and three imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been successfully measured using a gravimetric microbalance. ILs 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4C1im][PF6]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1im][BF4]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2C1im][NTf2]) were measured at temperatures of 283.15, 298.15, 323.15, and 348.15 K and at pressures up to 0.7 MPa using the new Hiden XEMIS gravimetric microbalance. The VLE data were correlated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state and the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models. Both models are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The Fickian diffusivities of NH3 in imidazolium-based ILs were obtained fitting experimental concentration to the one-dimensional (1D) mass diffusion equation, and found to be about 3 to 5 times lower than the diffusion of NH3 in water (H2O...