cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of return in averaging saccades

When subjects make a quick saccade to one of two stimuli that are presented closely and simultaneously in the peripheral visual field, their eyes often land at a midpoint somewhere between the stimuli (saccadic averaging). The present study investigates whether and how the inhibition-of-return phenomenon (IOR; slower reaction times for the previously attended locations) influences spatial parameters of averaging saccades. Subjects were asked to quickly move their eyes toward one of two stimuli that were presented closely and simultaneously. Most subjects showed a clear tendency toward saccadic averaging. When an uninformative cue was presented 600 ms before the two stimuli (long enough to produce IOR), saccadic averaging still occurred but the saccade landing locations were biased toward the uncued location. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the mechanisms responsible for IOR affect the metrics of averaging saccades and suggests that IOR can be manifested not only in the temporal aspects but also in the spatial aspects of oculomotor behaviors.
Characterization of a progestin-binding macromolecule in the amphibian oocyte cytosol

Abstract A [3H]-progestin-binding macromolecule has been isolated from R . pipiens oocyte cytosol and characterized using binding assays, gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and ultracentrifugal techniques. Macromolecules present in the prophase oocyte cytosol have a high affinity and specificity for the synthetic progestin R5020 and the intact oocyte will concentrate both R5020 and progesterone 20–40 fold from the medium. This may be the first published case of a cytosol steroid binding macromolecule in a cell system in which the steroid appears to act at an extranuclear level.
EUS-FNA is superior to ERCP-based tissue sampling in suspected malignant biliary obstruction: results of a prospective, single-blind, comparative study

Background Both EUS and ERCP sampling techniques may provide tissue diagnoses in suspected malignant biliary obstruction. However, there are scant data comparing these 2 methods. Objective To compare EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) and ERCP tissue sampling for the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction. Design Prospective, comparative, single-blind study. Setting Tertiary center. Patients Fifty-one patients undergoing same-session EUS and ERCP for the evaluation of malignant biliary obstruction over a 1-year period. Interventions EUS-FNA and ERCP tissue sampling with biliary brush cytology and intraductal forceps biopsies. Main Outcome Measurements Diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of each sampling method compared with final diagnoses. Results EUS-FNA was more sensitive and accurate than ERCP tissue sampling ( P P Limitations Single-center study. Conclusion EUS-FNA is superior to ERCP tissue sampling in evaluating suspected malignant biliary obstruction, particularly for pancreatic masses. EUS-FNA appears similar to ERCP sampling for biliary tumors and indeterminate strictures. Given the superior performance characteristics of EUS-FNA and the higher incidence of pancreatic cancer compared with cholangiocarcinoma, EUS-FNA should be performed before ERCP in all patients with suspected malignant biliary obstruction. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01356030.)
Detection and identification of crowded mirror-image letters in normal peripheral vision.

Abstract Performance for discriminating single mirror-image letters in peripheral vision can be as good as that in central vision, provided that letter size is scaled appropriately [Higgins, K. E., Arditi, A., & Knoblauch, K. (1996). Detection and identification of mirror-image letter pairs in central and peripheral vision. Vision Research , 36 , 331–337]. In this study, we asked whether or not there is a reduction in performance for discriminating mirror-image letters when the letters are flanked closely by other letters, compared with unflanked (single) letters; and if so, whether or not this effect is greater in peripheral than in central vision. We compared contrast thresholds for detecting and identifying mirror-image letters “b” and “d” for a range of letter separations, at the fovea and 10° eccentricity, for letters that were scaled in size. For comparison, thresholds were also determined for a pair of non-mirror-image letters “o” and “x”. Our principal finding is that there is an additional loss in sensitivity for identifying mirror-image letters (“bd”), compared with non-mirror-image letters (“ox”), when the letters are flanked closely by other letters. The effect is greater in peripheral than central vision. An auxiliary experiment comparing thresholds for letters “d” and “q” vs. “b” and “d” shows that the additional loss in sensitivity for identifying crowded mirror-image letters cannot be attributed to the similarity in letter features between the two letters, but instead, is specific to the axis of symmetry. Our results suggest that in the presence of proximal objects, there is a specific loss in sensitivity for processing broad-band left–right mirror images in peripheral vision.
Exposure to ultraviolet‐B radiation increases cold hardiness in Rhododendron

The change in the cold hardiness of Rhododendron (cv. English Roseum) following chronic exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280–320 nm) was studied. Leaf disks removed from UV-B-exposed plants exbibited a greater tolerance to freezing temperatures than plants that received no UV-B exposure. Visual browning and percent phenolic leakage indicated that UV-B-exposed leaf disks were killed al -11°C. while control disks were killed at -8°C. Ultraviolet-induced production of phenolic compounds may be involved in increasing cold hardiness of Rhododendron leaf tissues.
Reorder level determination with serially-correlated demand

This research analyses the effect of serially-correlated demand on the determination of appropriate reorder levels. While previous research has investigated this effect on the required levels of safety stock, the consequence of autocorrelation on the expected demand during lead time has been ignored. In this paper we examine the determination of accurate reorder levels for first-order autoregressive and moving average demand processes. A numeric analysis is then conducted to evaluate the effect of serial correlation on the service level provided, and indicates that existing approaches of managing serially-correlated demand can result in excessive inventories and shortages for high levels of autocorrelation.
Antecedents and outcomes of global sourcing and information technology in the US apparel supply chain

While global sourcing and information technology (IT) are critical in the performance of apparel companies, few studies have examined which firm-related factors are related to the level of global sourcing and IT and how these two practices contribute to firm performance. This study proposed a model integrating three firm antecedents (firm’s global awareness, top management commitment to global sourcing, and firm size) and outcomes of global sourcing and IT implementation (operational, strategic, and financial performance) and empirically tested it with the data collected from 111 US apparel manufacturers. This study found that the greater the firm’s global awareness and the greater the firm size, the higher the global sourcing involvement. Also, the greater the top management commitment to global sourcing and the greater the firm size, the higher the IT implementation. While global sourcing involvement increased all three levels of firm performance, IT implementation led only to higher operational perform...
Radiation‐grafted polymers for biomaterial applications. II. The morphology and structure of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate homopolymer grafts

The 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)/ethyl methacrylate (EMA) graft copolymer system has been found to be a useful model for investigating blood/polymer interactions. Studies of the structure of both HEMA and EMA radiation-grafted regions were conducted using extraction methods and transmission electron microscopy of selectively stained HEMA grafts. The effect of the extraction procedure on the surface topography of HEMA- or EMA-grafted films was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The existence of internal cells in the bulk of the HEMA network was demonstrated, and their osmotic nature was investigated. As grafting proceeds, the HEMA network becomes increasingly porous. The extraction studies carried out on EMA grafted showed that with this system an increasingly dense structure is obtained as grafting proceeds.
Combining humerus and femur length for improved ultrasonographic identification of pregnancies at increased risk for trisomy 21

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the value of the combination of femur and humerus length measurements in ultrasonographic screening for trisomy 21. STUDY DESIGN: Direct necropsy measurements were analyzed on 703 midgestational fetuses (641 normal, 62 with trisomy 21). The (leg + arm length)/foot length ratio was found to be significantly shortened for fetuses with trisomy 21. On the basis of necropsy data 576 midgestational pregnancies were evaluated ultrasonographically for (fermur - humerus length)/foot length ratio to identify fetuses at increased risk for trisomy 21. RESULTS: An ultrasonographic (femur + humerus length)/foot length ratio ≤ 1.75 gave a 15.3 odds ratio risk for trisomy 21 in our high-risk population and correctly identified 53% of fetuses with trisomy 21, with a false-positive rate of 7%. In addition, the use of this ratio eliminates the need for gestational age-corrected nomograms and complicated calculations in ultrasonographic screening. CONCLUSION: The (femur + humerus length)/foot length ratio may be an additional effective ultrasonographic marker for identification of fetuses at increased risk for trisomy 21.
Macro and micro contexts of dependency rates: an illustration with Peruvian data.

This research contributes to the academic dialogue about the socioeconomic significance of rapid population growth by examining changes in age composition and household structure during a transitional period of demographic change. Two propositions relating changes in the size and age composition of households to the demographic transition are formulated and tested using Peruvian census and survey data. Results show a systematic pattern of change wherein the average annual percent increase in the number of households offsets the rate of population growth when the disequilibrium between mortality and fertility rates is greatest. The translation of aggregate increase into households is mediated by shifts in the distribution of households by size. It is inappropriate to conclude that larger families necessarily have higher dependency burdens or that they are worse off in an economic sense compared to smaller households because increments in size are not automatically translated into equivalent increases in age or economic dependency. In part, this is due to the influence of extension patterns on the age and labor force composition of households. Policy implications and a research agenda are discussed in the concluding section.
Choosing between Alternative Farming Systems: An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process

When using analytical tools to make decisions, farmers frequently complement formal analysis with personal experience, judgement, and intuition as part of the decision-making process. The array of analytical decision aids available to farmers is expanding. Although some of these decision aids are more complex than others, nearly all are based on a rigorous analysis of factual information and quantitative data (Downey and Erickson). This article illustrates the application of a decision model called the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to a problem in farm-level decision making. AHP is based on the principle that decision-maker knowledge and experience are as valuable within the decision-making process as are quantitative data and information from other sources. In AHP
Outcomes of ab interno trabeculectomy with the trabectome by degree of angle opening.

Aim To analyse ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) with the trabectome and combined phacoemulsification with AIT (phaco-AIT) by Shaffer angle grade (SG). Methods Prospective study of AIT and phaco-AIT with narrow angles of SG≤2 versus open angles ≥3. Outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP), medications, complications, secondary surgery and success (IOP 20% reduction without further surgery). Exclusion criteria were missing preoperative data and 0.05). Conclusions SG≤2 is not associated with worse outcomes in AIT or phaco-AIT.
A Rule-Based Decision Framework for Medical Sensor Networks

In the future, continuous vital sign data collection will be an integral part of every patient's electronic medical record. The sensors that collect this information will become smaller, wireless and potentially more heterogeneous. They will need to be smart, scalable and extensible to accommodate large patient populations. In this paper, we propose a general rule-based system that enables automated vital sign processing through the SnBench framework. The SnBench framework provides scalability through distributed event management. The rule-based engine described in this paper enables adaptive event processing necessary to satisfy a wide array of patient needs.
Dissocladella hauteriviana MASSE in MASSE et al., 1999 (non MASSE, 1976), another lower Urgonian Dasycladalean alga revisited

First ascribed to the Triploporellacean genus Dissocladella (Pia in Rao & Pia, 1936), the species D. hauteriviana Masse in Masse et al., 1999, was supposedly characterized by a thallus bearing whorls of laterals each consisting of a stumpy primary with a tuft of four slim secondaries at its top. A restudy of the laterals proves that they split, not only once, but several times, and stepwisely decrease in diameter. The species is re-ascribed to the Family Thyrsoporellaceae in a new combination to the genus Deloffrella Granier & Michaud, 1987. Its known stratigraphic range is rather short (Late Valanginian-earliest Barremian). In addition, it disappears earlier than its companion Polyphysacean alga, i.e., Clypeina paucicalcarea (Conrad, 1970), and its geographical distribution is broader, which makes it a good index fossil for lower Urgonian carbonate platform series.
Experimental and simulation results of MOS-controlled thyristor for AC switch and AC voltage controller

Presents the voltage/current characteristics of an AC switch using MOS-controlled thyristors. An IBM PC 286-based control board is designed to control a single-phase voltage controller. Experimental results are similar to the results obtained from simulation, except for the turn-on transient. >
Application of statistical information criteria for optimal fuzzy model construction

Theoretical studies have shown that fuzzy models are capable of approximating any continuous function on a compact domain to any degree of accuracy. However, constructing a good fuzzy model requires finding a good tradeoff between fitting the training data and keeping the model simple. A simpler model is not only easily understood, but also less likely to overfit the training data. Even though heuristic approaches to explore such a tradeoff for fuzzy modeling have been developed, few principled approaches exist in the literature due to the lack of a well-defined optimality criterion. In this paper, we propose several information theoretic optimality criteria for fuzzy models construction by extending three statistical information criteria: 1) the Akaike information criterion [AIC] (1974); 2) the Bhansali-Downham information criterion [BDIC] (1977); and 3) the information criterion of Schwarz (1978) and Rissanen (1978) [SRIC]. We then describe a principled approach to explore the fitness-complexity tradeoff using these optimality criteria together with a fuzzy model reduction technique based on the singular value decomposition (SVD). The role of these optimality criteria in fuzzy modeling is discussed and their practical applicability is illustrated using a nonlinear system modeling example.
Lipotoxicity contributes to endothelial dysfunction: A focus on the contribution from ceramide

Cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and insulin resistance. Complications include pathologies specific to large (atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy) and small (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) vessels. Common among all of these pathologies is an altered endothelial cell phenotype i.e., endothelial dysfunction. A crucial aspect of endothelial dysfunction is reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines are systemic disturbances in individuals with obesity, T2DM, and insulin resistance and each of these contribute independently and synergistically to decreasing NO bioavailability. This review will examine the contribution from elevated circulating fatty acids in these subjects that lead to lipotoxicity. Particular focus will be placed on the fatty acid metabolite ceramide.
Bosutinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Purpose The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) bosutinib in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are reviewed. Summary Although clinical outcomes are favorable in patients wth Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)–positive CML who receive first-line TKI therapy with imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib, disease progression or relapse may occur. Thus, effective second-line agents are crucial. Bosutinib (Bosulif, Pfizer Inc.) is a second-generation TKI approved for the treatment of patients with Ph–positive chronic-, accelerated-, or blast-phase CML who are intolerant or resistant to other TKIs. Bosutinib inhibits a tyrosine kinase oncogene and Src kinases responsible for CML pathogenesis. Bosutinib is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzyme 3A4; therefore, concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers should be avoided. Bosutinib is effective in cases involving most imatinib-resistant mutations (not including the T315I and V299L mutations). Clinical trials demonstrated bosutinib’s efficacy in inducing durable hematologic and cytogenetic responses, as well as high rates of progression-free and overall survival, in patients with CML who had developed resistance or intolerance to other TKIs. However, bosutinib was not found to be superior to imatinib for inducing cytogenetic responses in cases of newly diagnosed CML and is thus not indicated for use in TKI-naive patients. The most common adverse events among bosutinib-treated patients in clinical trials were diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, which were generally transient and self-limited. Conclusion Bosutinib is a safe and effective second-line treatment option for select patients with Ph-positive CML who were intolerant or resistant to prior TKI therapy.
Increasing Incidence of Herpes Zoster among Veterans

Background. The incidence of herpes zoster in the United States has been estimated to be ≥1 million cases annually, with a higher rate in adults older than 60 years. The morbidity of the disease, including postherpetic neuralgia, imposes significant effects on quality of life. We analyzed reports of herpes zoster in the Veterans Affairs (VA) population because these patients are older and could provide a reflection of disease trends in the aging US population. These data will provide a baseline for future analyses of the incidence of herpes zoster after the introduction of the herpes zoster vaccine in late 2007. Methods. To evaluate the trend in the annual incidence of herpes zoster for fiscal year 2000 (beginning October 1999) through fiscal year 2007 (through September 2007), we derived incidence rates using the Veterans Health Administration Decision Support System reports of herpes zoster by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from 2000 through 2007 and the corresponding denominator data for all veterans in care. These rates were validated by review of medical records of patients with diagnoses of herpes zoster at the Atlanta VA Medical Center. Results. The annual incidence of herpes zoster increased from 3.10 episodes per 1000 veterans in 2000 to 5.22 in 2007 (R 2 = 0.9743; P<.001). This increasing rate was seen in both men and women but only in groups older than 40 years. Conclusion. The increasing incidence of herpes zoster in our veteran population and its effect on the quality of life of the veterans validate the need for improved rates of vaccination in this population.
The appeal of English in Mexican commerce

Abstract: This paper deals with the profound influence of the English language in business and commerce in Mexico. The use of English and Spanish-English creativity is shown to manifest itself in advertising in both Mexican newspapers and magazines, in shop names as well as in product names. Interviews with two top Mexican businessmen reveal the attitude of the Mexican business community toward the language: English sells. The appeal of English, the paper shows, is due to both its role as an international language as well as its reflection of modernity and technological superiority. The paper also discusses the influence Spanish now has on English in the United States as a result of the recent influx of Spanish speakers. While both major languages will continue to be used in the future and Spanish-English bilingualism will increase, English will maintain its present role as the world's lingua franca.
Achieving reliable delivery in supply chains: the control of uncertainties

Time-based competition and market globalization make it imperative for supply chains to have reliable product deliveries within customer required lead times. This may not be easy to achieve in view that manufacturing activities are subject to various uncertainties. Furthermore, a delay of one manufacturer may propagate to others through precedence relationship. To improve delivery performance, it is critical to reduce the variance of product lead times. Motivated by the six sigma quality movement, a variance control technique is developed where lead time variances are accurately calculated and significantly reduced through effective scheduling individual manufacturers as well as coordinating across a chain with limited communication requirements. Numerical testing results demonstrate that the new approach is effective to schedule manufacturers on a supply chain 1:0 achieve on-time and reliable deliveries.
Facing Barack Hussein Obama: Race, Globalization, and Transnational America

Arguing that race does not receive enough attention in studies of globalization, this article examines the implications of Barack Hussein Obama's successful presidential candidacy for both expandin...
Use of Bayesian inference and data to improve simulations of multi-physics climate phenomena

Bayesian inference provides a means incorporate activities usually associated with post-model development evaluation into the process of model development. Presented is a review of the factors that make this approach challenging, strategies for making the process practical for model development of complex multi-physics phenomena, and suggestions on areas requiring additional research. An analysis is presented of the strategy that was used to determine the joint probability for six non-linearly related parameters important to clouds and convection within the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1.
Partners relationship based Distributed Decision Making models for risk management of Virtual Enterprise

To guarantee the expected profit, Virtual Enterprise (VE) has to manage its risk effectively. Due to VEpsilas distributed characteristics, we explore the art of Distributed Decision Making (DDM) theory and apply it to risk management of VE. Based on partners relationship, such as team, enforced-team and non-team, we introduce four classes of models, constructional DDM model, organizational DDM model, coordinative model and principle-agent model. The brief solutions of the models are also discussed.
Next-generation mapping of complex traits with phenotype-based selection and introgression.

Finding the genes underlying complex traits is difficult. We show that new sequencing technology combined with traditional genetic techniques can efficiently identify genetic regions underlying a complex and quantitative behavioral trait. As a proof of concept we used phenotype-based introgression to backcross loci that control innate food preference in Drosophila simulans into the genomic background of D. sechellia, which expresses the opposite preference. We successfully mapped D. simulans introgression regions in a small mapping population (30 flies) with whole-genome resequencing using light coverage (∼1×). We found six loci contributing to D. simulans food preference, one of which overlaps a previously discovered allele. This approach is applicable to many systems, does not rely on laborious marker development or genotyping, does not require existing high quality reference genomes, and needs only small mapping populations. Because introgression is used, researchers can scale mapping population size, replication, and number of backcross generations to their needs. Finally, in contrast to more widely used mapping techniques like F2 bulk-segregant analysis, our method produces near-isogenic lines that can be kept and reused indefinitely.
Stepparenting issues and relationship quality: The role of clear communication

SummaryUsing data from a sample of RELATE (the RELATionship Evaluation Survey) respondents in stepfamilies (N = 560), this study examined the association between relationship quality (satisfaction ...
Role of Hip MR Imaging in the Management of Sports-Related Injuries

MR imaging is an invaluable method for the workup of a painful hip. It is showing increased sensitivity and specificity for many of the soft tissue and bony abnormalities of the hip, especially with the addition of intra-articular contrast(MR arthrography). Chondral injuries of the femoral head and acetabulum remain an area in MR imaging that should continue to improve with new gradient protocols.
Extending Mesh Networks to Opportunistic Resource Sharing

We propose a high-level framework that extends the notion of opportunistic mesh networking to include opportunistic access to and sharing of other device resources such as nonvolatile data storage and computation. While work has been done on providing opportunistic access to each of these resources (network access, data storage, and computation, that is) individually, this paper is an attempt to bring all three resource-sharing applications under the same umbrella. This framework uses an existing "web of trust" protocol that does not require a full public-key infrastructure (PKI) and adds reputation mechanisms to handle interactions between both explicitly-trusted and untrusted peers. Once devices have initiated a connection, they mutually authenticate one another and negotiate the terms of a resource-sharing agreement overran encrypted tunnel. This agreement may involve a payment of electronic currency or a request for credit in exchange for a particular resource, or the resource may be provided at no cost. Each device's local policy dictates how interactions with others should proceed.
High performance hypercube communications

In this paper we present a high performance message transport scheme that is based upon packet routing. The advantages of our scheme are derived from two observations. The first is that given sufficient support from communications hardware, decreasing the message latency time can be much more important to total program execution time than increasing the bandwidth. The second observation is that, from the standpoint of message latency, existing routing strategies tend not to make productive use of much of their available link capacity. The scheme that we propose addresses these issues and leads to substantial performance improvements across a broad range of message loads.
The advantage of using relational databases for large corpora: Speed, advanced queries, and unlimited annotation

Relational databases can be used to create large corpora that provide both very good search performance and a wide range of queries. This paper outlines how this approach has been used to create theCorpus del Espanol, which contains 100 million words of text in Spanish texts from the 1200s-1900s. The main databases are composed of n-grams tables (all unique 1, 2, 3, and 4 word sequences) and the associated frequency of all n-grams in each century (historical Spanish) and register (Modern Spanish). These tables are then joined to other tables containing part of speech, lemma, synonyms, and user-defined lists of words and lemma. There is essentially no limit to the amount of annotation that can be added in additional tables (with little or no impact on performance), and the SQL-based queries allow a wide range of searches that are not available with traditional corpora.
"Girls Have More of an Educational Brain": A Qualitative Exploration of the Gender Gap in Educational Attainment among Black Bermudian Adolescents.

Although Black boys throughout the African diaspora are dropping out of high school in alarming rates, little is known about how educational identity and attainment is shaped by the intersection of...
What does a Professional Doctorate Portfolio look like

The ability to present doctoral work in a portfolio as opposed to a dissertation presents an opportunity to professional doctorate students to step outside the boundaries presented by the traditional approach to writing up research. This paper is about the utilisation of Maxwell and Kupczyk-Romanczuk’s (2009) ‘temple’ analogy for the design of a doctoral portfolio. The portfolio was constructed within a framework adapted from a particular approach to writing up research within the author’s own organisation and at the same time bounded by firm adherence to ‘matrix’ planning of the research project. Both the process and outcome of this approach are presented. The outcome was a collection of writings which, while varied in genre according to their purpose and audience, was given structure and coherence by the matrix, which was closely aligned to the temple architecture. Taking the path less travelled often means choosing a journey into the unknown. The purpose of this paper is to add to Maxwell and Kupczyk-Romanczuk’s work through real-life exemplification of their temple model and assist future professional doctorate students map their own projects by highlighting the advantages of matrix planning and the versatility and benefits of the portfolio approach to presenting the research.
Broad Scope of Navigation's Economic Impact

A dramatic new development associated with the economic impact of navigation is the rise of waterfront industrial complexes where industries once were few or non-existent. The numerical estimate of jobs required to furnish inputs to waterfront plants and the number of jobs required to utilize non-final output of these plants provides a clue to the economic or locational impact of tills dynamic segment of industry. Publicly available information concerning the input-output relationships between types of industry and the tendency of some kinds of plants to spawn new ones furnishes an interesting insight into their economic linkages. A comprehension of the far-reaching influence navigation has upon economic growth in rural as well as urban areas may be of significant benefit in the process of making decisions on public investments to provide navigation in situations where other aspects are conducive to such growth.
Alcohol and Campus Risk Management

This article, which is part of a series on campus risk management issues, explores the number one issue on most college campuses: high-risk alcohol use. The article urges campuses to use the Core survey to understand student drinking patterns; it also encourages universities to use environmental-management techniques and to consider adopting the Facilitator Model for student-university relations. The aritlce also discusses specific initiatives that have proven effective on other campuses; these include risk-management teams, presidential leadership initiatives, longitudinal social-norming campaigns, faculty and parental involvement, education programs, transportation and pedestrian safety programs, law-reform initiatives, conduct codes and alcohol policies, and alternative hours and activities.
Credit Card Competition and Naive Hyperbolic Consumers

We show that naive hyperbolic consumers might be unresponsive to interest rates and credit limits of credit card offers by companies because the offers have a grace period and there is a one-period lag in using a new card. Consequently, we demonstrate that there might be no competition on the interest rate and credit limit, even if more than one firm is in the market and even if the consumer accepts only one card. We determine whether the credit card companies can exploit time-inconsistent consumers and gain positive expected profits. We show that in fact there are circumstances in which both zero and positive expected profits could be possible.
Shrill Hurrahs: Women, Gender, and Racial Violence in South Carolina, 1865‐1900. By Kate Côté Gillin. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2013. Pp. x, 170. $34.95.)

This is a story of desperate white men in South Carolina trying to hold on to their power, honor, masculinity, and dignity in the years following the Civil War. It is also a story of an oppressed p...
Polyethylenimine incorporation into hydrogel nanomatrices for enhancing nanoparticle-assisted chemotherapy

The efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer therapy is related to (1) the cellular uptake of the NPs, (2) the ability to control drug release, and (3) the ability to deliver drugs to the cytosol, while evading the endosomal compartments. Here we present a NP carrier of cisplatin, made of poly(acrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide) (PAA) and a branched polyethylenimine (PEI), a source of primary, secondary, as well as tertiary amine groups. We found that (1) the cellular uptake of the NPs was highly enhanced by the PEI incorporation. However, surprisingly, this is not due to significant changes to the NP surface charge (zeta potential). Also, the PEI-incorporation into the PAA NPs resulted in (2) an accelerated release kinetics, (3) an ability to destabilize the endosomal/lysosomal membrane, and (4) a marginal increase in drug loading. The combination of the 4 aforementioned effects seems to account for the observed significant increase in the cytotoxicity of these cisplatin-loaded PEI-incorporated NPs, when applied to the 9L glioma cell line.
Predictors of physical functioning after a cardiac event

An increased understanding of the factors that promote or hinder patients' return to optimal activity levels after a cardiac event is necessary to help them achieve this goal. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine psychologic resources, depression, physical recovery, and illness severity for their relationships with subjective and objective physical functioning (exercise data). A correlational survey design was used to assess patients' (n = 46) illness responses 9 weeks after the cardiac event. Patients also participated in a symptom-limited exercise test. The findings suggested that the individual's return to greater activity levels after a cardiac illness was associated with less depression and illness severity, and higher levels of objective physical functioning, physical recovery, and self-esteem. Further, patients' objective physical functioning was associated not only with greater subjective physical functioning but also with greater levels of physical recovery and mastery.
Technical progress and technological change

The aim of this Chapter is to clarify some aspects of our theoretical framework of production based on compound technologies; namely, the meaning of technical and technological progress, the differences between these two concepts, and the implications of the choice of technology for the price-distribution system and the growth process. Such a theoretical setting has profound implications for the analysis of technological change. The models put forward in the previous Chapters in which non-produced means of production (Npmp) play a key role, imply an autonomous and partially new taxonomy of technological and technical progress. This novelty may rise some doubts among those used to the traditional technological classifications.
An Integrated Dynamic Modeling and Adaptive Controller Approach for Flywheel Augmented DFIG Based Wind System

This paper presents an integrated Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and flywheel energy storage architecture that provide output power stability based on a new dynamic adaptive control approach. First, a grid-connected two-mass DFIG and a grid-supportive single-mass squirrel cage induction generator based flywheel energy storage system models have been considered for controller design and proof of concept exploration. Second, new adaptive dynamic control architecture is designed for active and reactive power balancing from wind farm with flywheel energy storage during normal and abnormal operating conditions. The proposed architecture is very effective in mitigating oscillations, thus providing a novel methodology for a stable microgrid or increasing wind energy penetration to the grid.
Matthews Model of Clinical Reasoning: A Systematic Approach to Conceptualize Evaluation and Intervention

ABSTRACTClinical reasoning is a complex process required for effective therapeutic encounters. Its development is poorly understood. The clinical reasoning process is placed in a historical context based on the occupational therapy literature. An emerging model of clinical reasoning is proposed. This model of clinical reasoning provides a unique perspective in order to compartmentalize the person, environment, and occupation constructs around the person’s life story, connect it directly to the occupational therapy practice framework, and determine treatment priorities, emphasizing a client-centered perspective. A client-centered model of clinical reasoning supports efforts to provide effective intervention.
Developing Advocacy in Teacher Leadership

The term teacher leadership is one that can refer to a differing set of skills and understandings, depending on the context in which it is employed. Providing leadership in a classroom, for example, can be quite different from providing leadership to the profession. Many states, including North Carolina, have developed leadership standards for practicing teachers. These standards emphasize classroom leadership, but also address leadership of the profession, with an emphasis on advocacy. This study evolved from the consistent observations of graduate faculty that the latter form of leadership appeared poorly understood and enacted by teachers. Although teachers seemed clear that leading classrooms and leading schools were essential aspects of their practice, they did not often seem to consider leadership of the profession or advocacy as an element within the purview of their responsibilities. These limiting perceptions on the part of contemporary educators are likely to propagate a narrow and incomplete view of teacher leadership. This study addressed the question of whether or not particular course instructional strategies could impact teachers’ views of themselves as advocates and leaders of the profession, and found highly significant results.
Surgical Outcomes of Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) in Patients With Open-angle Glaucoma.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in patients with open-angle glaucoma.Participants and Methods:A retrospective chart review of adult patients who underwent GATT due to inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) or intoleranc
Mucosal melanoma: epidemiology, biology, management and the role of immunotherapy

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare, aggressive subtype of melanoma arising from melanocytes in mucosal surfaces. Patients with MM have poorer stage-matched prognosis than those with cutaneous melanoma (CM). Immune checkpoint inhibition has improved outcomes for patients with advanced CM, but data on the efficacy of immunotherapy in MM is limited.Areas covered: This article reviews the epidemiology and biology of MM, the general approach to management, the role of targeted therapy, and recent advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of MM.Expert opinion: Immune checkpoint inhibition demonstrates significant clinical activity in MM, though the effects are more modest than those seen in CM. Clinical trial enrollment is encouraged whenever possible. All patients should have their tumors evaluated for BRAF and KIT alterations. If a trial is not available, we recommend front-line treatment with the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab, even in the presence of an actionable mutation, for...
Deep-Inspiration Breath-Hold Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy to the Mediastinum for Lymphoma Patients: Setup Uncertainties and Margins.

Purpose Patient setup for treating large target volumes can be challenging. In the present study, we measured the local uncertainties in the treatment of mediastinal lymphoma and investigated the need for region-specific planning target volume (PTV) margins. Methods and Materials The data from 30 patients who had undergone radiation therapy for mediastinal lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. A computed tomography (CT)-on-rails (CTOR) system in the treatment room was used for daily image guidance. The total PTV was split into 6 regions: neck, supraclavicular fossa, axilla, mediastinum, upper heart, and lower heart. The total PTV and the 6 local regions were separately aligned to the planning CT scan using automatic rigid registration. The residual local errors using 3 setup strategies were investigated: no image guidance, CTOR setup to total PTV, and simulated cone beam CT setup to the mediastinum. Errors were recorded in the anteroposterior, superoinferior, and right-left directions separately. Using the residual error calculations, the margins required to cover 95% of the clinical target volume for 90% of the patients was estimated. Results For each patient, 12 to 21 days of daily CTOR data were available for analysis. The residual errors for the total PTV and mediastinum setups were both smaller than those with no image guidance. The lower heart region had more uncertainty with all 3 setup strategies. Margin analysis revealed that the magnitude of the margin is dependent on the imaging strategy, direction, and local region inside the PTV. Margins >7 mm are necessary to account for uncertainty in the neck, lower heart, and axilla regions even under daily CT guidance. Conclusions Setup uncertainties in the mediastinum are not uniform and are dependent on target location and imaging strategy. However, with the appropriate margin, we can target regions that might not be visualized with the available on-board imager system.
Forward bias optimization of a silicon photonic modulator for analog application

Despite the high phase non-linearity of a Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulator in forward bias, we demonstrate that high third order spur-free dynamic range ~102.8 dB. Hz2/3 can be obtained by optimizing the D.C. bias operating point at 1 GHz.
Implementing Genome-Driven Personalized Cardiology in Clinical Practice

Abstract Genomics designates the coordinated investigation of a large number of genes in the context of a biological process or disease. It may be long before we attain comprehensive understanding of the genomics of common complex cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as inherited cardiomyopathies, valvular diseases, primary arrhythmogenic conditions, congenital heart syndromes, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertensive syndromes, and heart failure with preserved/reduced ejection fraction. Nonetheless, as genomics is evolving rapidly, it is constructive to survey now pertinent concepts and breakthroughs. Today, clinical multimodal electronic medical/health records (EMRs/EHRs) incorporating genomic information establish a continuously-learning, vast knowledge-network with seamless cycling between clinical application and research. It can inform insights into specific pathogenetic pathways, guide biomarker-assisted precise diagnoses and individualized treatments, and stratify prognoses. Complex CVDs blend multiple interacting genomic variants, epigenetics, and environmental risk-factors, engendering progressions of multifaceted disease-manifestations, including clinical symptoms and signs. There is no straight-line linkage between genetic cause(s) or causal gene-variant(s) and disease phenotype(s). Because of interactions involving modifier-gene influences, (micro)-environmental, and epigenetic effects, the same variant may actually produce dissimilar abnormalities in different individuals. Implementing genome-driven personalized cardiology in clinical practice reveals that the study of CVDs at the level of molecules and cells can yield crucial clinical benefits. Complementing evidence-based medicine guidelines from large (“one-size fits all”) randomized controlled trials, genomics-based personalized or precision cardiology is a most-creditable paradigm: It provides customizable approaches to prevent, diagnose, and manage CVDs with treatments directly/precisely aimed at causal defects identified by high-throughput genomic technologies. They encompass stem cell and gene therapies exploiting CRISPR-Cas9-gene-editing, and metabolomic-pharmacogenomic therapeutic modalities, precisely fine-tuned for the individual patient. Following the Human Genome Project, many expected genomics technology to provide imminent solutions to intractable medical problems, including CVDs. This eagerness has reaped some disappointment that advances have not yet materialized to the degree anticipated. Undoubtedly, personalized genetic/genomics testing is an emergent technology that should not be applied without supplementary phenotypic/clinical information: Genotype ≠ Phenotype. However, forthcoming advances in genomics will naturally build on prior attainments and, combined with insights into relevant epigenetics and environmental factors, can plausibly eradicate intractable CVDs, improving human health and well-being.
Safety Regulations and Standards

The traditional reason for developing a safety program is to identify sources of potential hazard and to establish acceptable procedures for working under conditions which may expose personnel to hazards. However, in laboratories dealing with potential biohazards, an additional concern is the prevention of any possible spread of the hazard to those not associated with the research, to areas outside the laboratory, and to the environment. This concern is perhaps best expressed in the statement of policy of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of the U.S. Public Health Service that is given below. Of course, the CDC deals with a large number of highly infectious pathogenic organisms, but the policy statement is, nevertheless, of such broad applicability that a portion is quoted here.
International Scene: Physical Education in Italy

(1958). International Scene. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 68-68.