cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcome of allogenic SCT in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction

7099 Background: High-dose therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo SCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with hematologic malignancies. Due to a high risk of regimen-related toxicity, only patients with excellent organ-system function are considered eligible for this treatment. A low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤ 45% is considered to be a major risk factor for post-transplant cardiac toxicity and nonrelapse mortality. However, several patients with advanced hematologic malignancies and low LVEF can potentially benefit from this therapy. To address this issue, we studied the incidence of cardiac toxicity and non-relapse mortality (NRM) in 56 patients with low LVEF undergoing allo SCT. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 56 patients with impaired cardiac function, who underwent an allo SCT between January 2000 and February 2006 at our institution. Pre-transplant evaluation included bidimensional echocardiogram and an electrocardiogram. Cardiac to...
Tuning the magnetic exchange via a control of orbital hybridization in Cr(2)(Te(1-x)W(x))O(6).

We report the complex magnetic phase diagram and electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}({\mathrm{Te}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{W}}_{x}){\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ systems. While compounds with different $x$ values possess the same crystal structure, they display different magnetic structures below and above ${x}_{c}=0.7$, where both the transition temperature ${T}_{N}$ and sublattice magnetization (${M}_{s}$) reach a minimum. Unlike many known cases where magnetic interactions are controlled either by injection of charge carriers or by structural distortion induced via chemical doping, in the present case it is achieved by tuning the orbital hybridization between $\mathrm{Cr}\text{ }3d$ and $\mathrm{O}\text{ }2p$ orbitals through $\mathrm{W}\text{ }5d$ states. The result is supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations. Through this concept, we introduce a new approach to tune magnetic and electronic properties via chemical doping.
Response to Sandford et al.: PRICKLE2 Variants in Epilepsy: A Call for Precision Medicine.

To the Editor: With the arrival of massively parallel sequencing (MPS), we now face the situation where we often discover several rare mutations in a single individual. So, how do we know which genes are associated with which phenotypes? Although this issue is common in 2016, it was not always the case. In the not-so-distant past, gene sequencing itself was a laborious process, and many genetic studies necessarily took a candidate-gene approach. The letter from Sandford et al. struggles with this recent history.
Computational Study of Reynolds Number and Angle-of-Attack Effects on a 1303 UCAV Configuration with a High-Order Overset-Grid Algorithm

The flow-field around a “1303” UCAV configuration is computationally simulated using a high-order overset-grid algorithm for a variety of Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. The high-order spatial scheme used here is based on a compact, sixth-order finitedifferencing with a tenth-order, adjustable, Pade-type filter. Turbulence modeling is provided by an implicit large-eddy simulation technique whereby the discriminating filter is used to regularize unresolved scales in the computation. Overset-grid techniques, including high-order interpolation and one-sided operators at hole and computational boundaries, are employed to simplify grid generation and provide a domain decomposition capability for parallel processing. Results are obtained at Reynolds numbers based on the mean aerodynamic chord of Remac = 17927, 29879, and 59758 and at angles of attack of 6 ◦, 12◦, and 15◦. The computations are compared to experimental PIV-data recently obtained at these conditions. Particular focus is placed on the validation of the computational approach by comparing mean stream-wise velocity and span-wise normal vorticity between computation and experiment at a variety of span-wise and stream-wise locations.
Multidisciplinary Team Research

which were found between science and bureaucracy also exist between science and politics. The politician is not interested in the discovery of the truth or adequacy of cognitive symbols. His canon of truth is: If x will bring more votes and acceptance on the part of constituents, then x is good or true. Since the politician evaluates objects and activities in terms of their effect on his acceptance by constituents, the value systems of his constituents are important for understanding his actions. The occupational activities of constituents who are in a position to influence the politician with regard to science are, primarily, administration, exchange, politics, and scientific research. Individuals in the first three occupations allocate funds for the support of science,46 their value systems are instrumental,47 and involve strains with science with respect to their canons of truth, their pursuit of truth, and their instrumentalism. In politics and administration, strains with science also occurred with respect to corporate versus spontaneous order. Least strain was involved with applied science due to its instrumentalism, corporate orientation, evaluations in terms of the efficiency of objects in contributing to practical goals, and the fact that the results of applied science were immediately useful for individuals engaged in these activities. Because of these strains with science, there was a tendency (over and above the needs created by conditions confronting the United States) to support applied research instead of basic research.
Experimental Evaluation of Impulsive Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications for Implantable Biomedical Devices

Biomedical systems of miniaturized implantable sensors and actuators interconnected in an intra-body area network could enable revolutionary clinical applications. Given the well-understood limitations of radio frequency (RF) propagation in the human body, in our previous work we investigated the use of ultrasonic waves as an alternative physical carrier of information, and proposed Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB), an ultrasonic multipath-resilient integrated physical and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a software-defined testbed architecture for ultrasonic intra-body area networks, and propose the first experimental demonstration of the feasibility of ultrasonic communications in tissue mimicking materials. We first discuss in detail our FPGA-based prototype implementation of UsWB. We then demonstrate how the prototype can flexibly trade performance off for power consumption, and achieve, for bit error rates (BER) no higher than $10^{-6}$ , either (i) high-data rate transmissions up to $700\mathrm{kbit/s}$ at a transmit power of $-14\mathrm{dBm}$ ( $\approx 40\mathrm{\mu W}$ ), or (ii) low-data rate and lower-power transmissions down to $-21\mathrm{dBm}$ ( $\approx 8\mathrm{\mu W}$ ) at $70\mathrm{kbit/s}$ . We demonstrate that the UsWB MAC protocol allows multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to coexist and dynamically adapt the transmission rate according to channel and interference conditions to maximize throughput while satisfying predefined reliability constraints. We also show how UsWB can be used to enable a video monitoring medical application for implantable devices. Finally, we propose (and validate through experiments) a statistical model of small-scale fading for the ultrasonic intra-body channel.
Background and design of a controlled clinical trial (ARC 090) for the treatment of opioid dependence.

This study represents the largest clinical trial reported to date that demonstrated the efficacy of buprenorphine for opioid dependence treatment (Johnson et al. 1992). Although the study design was adequate to demonstrate differences between treatment groups, there has not been a consensus regarding the most appropriate method for analyzing various outcome measures of this and similar studies. To present a comprehensive review of these methods, other chapters in this monograph focus on various analytical techniques for assessing one of these measures--urine toxicology screens--for illicit opioids.
The Strengths and Weaknesses of Non-Provocative Defence: Lessons for the Future

This book’s central concern is to examine the viability of non-provocative defence concepts. In different ways, chapters two through eight have helped to answer the main questions identified in chapter one: Do non-provocative defence concepts constitute a coherent military-security strategy for deterring potential attackers, fighting wars, and even settling wars? Do such concepts actually help convey defensive intent, thereby helping to resolve the security dilemma? Under what conditions do these concepts provide a viable basis for the defence policies of states? Was the rise of non-provocative defence concepts tied necessarily to the late Cold War era? Are defensive concepts relevant under post-Cold War conditions?
The Job of the Critic

Where self-criticism is concerned, doing it right is first a matter of not doing it wrong. When clients cease engaging in their old, selfdevastating critical acts, they report very significant changes in how they feel and in how they behave. Self-criticism, however, is a vital and necessary human function. It is at the heart of human self-regulation (Bandura, 1986; Carver & Scheier, 1992; Kanfer, 1971; Meichenbaum, 1973; Ossorio, 1976, 1981, 1990; cf. Vygotsky, 1962). Thus, persons cannot function competently as self-regulating individuals if they cannot perform the job of critic. It is therefore enormously in their interests, not merely to desist from destructive selfcriticism, but to become the most competent critics that they are capable of being.
Investigating Family Therapy with Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods in Adolescent Residential Treatment Programs

Research concerning outcomes for adolescents in residential setting has consistently shown that family involvement is an important part of effective treatment. Nevertheless, most of the research that has been done on this topic is focused on outcomes and does not sufficiently focus on the process of family therapy in these settings, nor does the available research consider the cost of the treatment. The lack of cost-effectiveness research in this area of study leaves the field open to criticism that the outcomes do not justify the costs. In order to strengthen the role of family therapy in residential settings for adolescents more research is needed to address these gaps. This chapter discusses how qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods can be used to advance family therapy research in such settings. Furthermore, examples are provided of research questions that could be answered using these methods, as well as examples of different studies that could be conducted to deepen the understanding of the role of family therapy in positive outcomes with this population.
Bystander mechanism for complement-initiated early oligodendrocyte injury in neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (herein called NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which immunoglobulin G antibodies against astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) cause demyelination and neurological deficit. Injury to oligodendrocytes, which do not express AQP4, links the initiating pathogenic event of AQP4-IgG binding to astrocyte AQP4 to demyelination. Here, we report evidence for a complement 'bystander mechanism' to account for early oligodendrocyte injury in NMO in which activated, soluble complement proteins following AQP4-IgG binding to astrocyte AQP4 result in deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) on nearby oligodendrocytes. Primary cocultures of rat astrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes exposed to AQP4-IgG and complement showed early death of oligodendrocytes in close contact with astrocytes, which was not seen in pure oligodendrocyte cultures, in cocultures exposed to AQP4-IgG and C6-depleted serum, or when astrocytes were damaged by a complement-independent mechanism. Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte cocultures exposed to AQP4-IgG and complement showed prominent MAC deposition on oligodendrocytes in contact with astrocytes, whereas C1q, the initiating protein in the classical complement pathway, and C3d, a component of the alternative complement pathway, were deposited only on astrocytes. Early oligodendrocyte injury with MAC deposition was also found in rat brain following intracerebral injection of AQP4-IgG, complement and a fixable dead-cell stain. These results support a novel complement bystander mechanism for early oligodendrocyte injury and demyelination in NMO.
Educational Outcomes Associated With School Behavioral Health Interventions: A Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for behavioral health support and services among children and adolescents, which school behavioral health has the potential to address. Existing reviews and meta-analyses document the behavioral health benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks, but few summaries of the academic benefits of such programs exist. We provide exemplars of the academic benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks. METHODS A literature review identified school behavioral health-related articles and reports. Articles for inclusion were restricted to those that were school-based programs and frameworks in the United States that included an empirical evaluation of intervention academic-related outcomes. RESULTS Findings from 36 primary research, review, and meta-analysis articles from the past 17 years show the benefits of school behavioral health clinical interventions and targeted interventions on a range of academic outcomes for adolescents. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with reports documenting health benefits of school behavioral health frameworks and programs and can facilitate further efforts to support school behavioral health for a range of stakeholders interested in the benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks on academic outcomes.
A Model for the Planar Motion of the Human Eye

Abstract The human eye is controlled by a set of six extraocular muscles. These muscles work in three opposing pairs to control the movement of the eye. Together these muscles can produce any nonplanar motion, but separately each pair produces a main planar movement for the orbit of the eye. A model will be presented for the planar motion of the eye when it is controlled by a single muscle pair.
The classroom sensory environment assessment as an educational tool for teachers

The Classroom Sensory Environment Assessment (CSEA) is a tool that provides a format for examining the sensory environment of a classroom and considering its impact on student behavior and performa...
A 16-year odyssey of cardiac sarcoid masquerading as idiopathic premature ventricular contractions and then arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

Key Teaching Points • In its early phase, cardiac sarcoidosis can present with isolated premature ventricular contractions, which makes the differentiation from benign premature ventricular contraction challenging. • The clinical course of cardiac sarcoidosis can resemble that of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), evolving over years. • Myocardial scar in cardiac sarcoidosis can evolve with epicardial predominance, which also resembles ARVC.
Sirtuins, NAD+, Aging, and Disease: A Retrospective and Prospective Overview

Abstract Sirtuins and NAD + are key mediators of health maintenance. This article traces the historical path linking sirtuins and NAD + to diseases of aging, and summarizes current advances in the field.
Incomplete Objects and Their Problems

By now, the reader knows that Meinong’s universe consists of everything one can possibly think of. This includes contradictory objects, including contradictory objectives. But the universe with which science and moral theories deal is limited by the law of the excluded middle or the tertium non datur. Many contemporary philosophers, and occasionally Meinong, take it that the Meinongian universe is one in which the tertium non datur1 does not hold.
Early Heart Development

Abstract The process of heart induction appears to be highly conserved among vertebrates. The endoderm is important for heart induction in vertebrates. The details of the mechanism remain poorly understood. The localized inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling, which is regulated by endogenous Wnt antagonists, is required for heart induction. The size of the developing heart is regulated by inhibitory signals. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Notch signaling pathways are important during early heart development. Different transcription factor profiles, in different regions of the original heart field, direct differentiation of the individual subdomains of the developing heart. Using a defined set of transcription factors, it is now possible to reprogram non-cardiac cells to the myocardial lineage.
Blood pressure and oral progestational agents. A prospective study of 119 black women.

Abstract Blood pressure and body weight were carefully measured in 119 young black women before and after 6 to 24 months of contraceptive therapy with oral progestational agents (minipills). Results are compared with 673 women followed during continued use of nonhormonal contraceptive methods. Minipill therapy (0.35 mg of norethisterone) was associated with no significant (p > 0.05) increase in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure means. Minipill users did not develop diastolic blood pressures of 90 mm Hg or more during the study period. Substantial weight gain occurred as a side effect.
Wireless electric appliance control for smart buildings using indoor location tracking and BIM-based virtual environments

Abstract Smart home environments are becoming increasingly popular due to the emerging application of Internet of Things (IoT) in the built environment. However, user interaction with connected devices suffers from numerous disadvantages such as complex and cumbersome user interfaces, unreliable voice and gesture interfaces, and the requirement for prior knowledge of the environment. This paper presents an intuitive point-and-click framework to control electrical fixtures in a smart built environment. This functionality is enabled by coupling an ultra-wideband (UWB)-based indoor positioning system and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to retrieve contextual information of the user with respect to the built environment when the user performs the pointing action. This information is then input into a building information model (BIM)-based virtual environment wherein the appliance of interest to the user is determined. The subsequent clicking action of the user then turns the devices on or off based on its prior state via the IoT infrastructure in the building. Initial prototype testing through a case study yielded promising results that prove the effectiveness of the framework. Apart from the provision of a novel user-interaction mechanism for controlling electrical fixtures, the proposed framework provides a means of extending the utility of building information models (BIM) to the operation phase of a facility and provides a means for its integration with IoT and smart devices.
The effect of cigarette smoke on therapeutic response in cancer cells.

e22265 Background: According to the 2014 Surgeon General’s Report, smoking causes adverse outcomes in cancer patients including increased cancer specific mortality. There are no existing biologic m...
Statistical assumptions in L2 research: A systematic review

Statistical tests carry with them a number of assumptions that must be checked. Failing to do so and to report the results of such preliminary analyses introduce a potential threat to the internal ...
XLF: A Cross-layer Framework to Secure the Internet of Things (IoT)

The burgeoning Internet of Things (IoT) has offered unprecedented opportunities for innovations and applications that are continuously changing our life. At the same time, the large amount of pervasive IoT applications have posed paramount threats to the user's security and privacy. While a lot of efforts have been dedicated to deal with such threats from the hardware, the software, and the applications, in this paper, we argue and envision that more effective and comprehensive protection for IoT systems can only be achieved via a cross-layer approach. As such, we present our initial design of XLF, a cross-layer framework towards this goal. XLF can secure the IoT systems not only from each individual layer of device, network, and service, but also through the information aggregation and correlation of different layers.
Suppression of H 2 -cooling in protogalaxies aided by trapped Lyα cooling radiation

We study the thermal evolution of UV-irradiated atomic cooling haloes using high-resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. We consider the effect of H^- photodetachment by Ly{\alpha} cooling radiation trapped in the optically-thick cores of three such haloes, a process which has not been included in previous simulations. H^- is a precursor of molecular hydrogen, and therefore, its destruction can diminish the H2 abundance and cooling. Using a simple high-end estimate for the trapped Ly{\alpha} energy density, we find that H^- photodetachment by Ly{\alpha} decreases the critical UV flux for suppressing H2-cooling by up to a factor of \approx 5. With a more conservative estimate of the Ly{\alpha} energy density, we find the critical flux is decreased only by ~15-50 percent. Our results suggest that Ly{\alpha} radiation may have an important effect on the thermal evolution of UV-irradiated haloes, and therefore on the potential for massive black hole formation.
Is It Time to Go Positive? Assessing the Positively Worded System Usability Scale (SUS).

Objective:The goal of the research presented in this paper was to determine if the positively worded System Usability Scale (SUS) can be used in place of the positively and negatively worded standa...
Postoperative negative pressure wound therapy is associated with decreased surgical site infections in all lower extremity amputations.

Abstract Introduction We hypothesize that Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is associated with a lower incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in lower extremity amputations (LEAs), a potentially devastating complication. Methods NSQIP database from 2011 to 2018 was queried to identify all-level LEAs. Cases using NPWT were identified. One-to-one nearest-neighbor propensity score matching was performed using a binary logistic regression on NPWT status controlling for patient comorbidities. Results NPWT was used in 133 of 5237 total LEAs (2.54%). Compared to propensity score-matched controls, they had significantly fewer SSIs (1.50% vs. 8.27%). Conclusions NPWT was associated with lower incidence of SSI.
Enchantment: Encountering Moving Images on Urban Surfaces

This chapter develops the concept of enchantment in moving image spectatorship, which builds upon Jane Bennett’s work and describes the ability of moving images to both carry viewers away and return them to a deeper sensory engagement with the world. This reading counters dominant claims of spectacle and distraction and provides a structuring quality for understanding meaningful encounters with moving image artworks. This chapter focuses on close analyses of Bill Brand’s Masstransiscope (1980), a zoetrope installation in the New York subway whose story raises questions about audience, preservation, and the city that run throughout the book, and Doug Aitken’s SONG 1 (2012), an emblematic example of monumental outdoor cinematic projection.
Minority Carrier Diffusion Length Degradation in Silicon: Who is the Culprit?

The influence of transition metals on minority carrier diffusion length in silicon is discussed. It is shown that transition metals easily precipitate on silicon lattice microdefects. These precipitates can not be easily dissolved, which makes gettering procedure ineffective. This conclusion is confirmed by experiments on FZ, CZ and photovoltaic silicon, discussed in this paper. The recombination activity of interstitial copper and its capture cross-section for electrons are determined. It is shown that the precipitates of copper have much higher recombination activity than the interstitial copper, whereas iron is very active in both precipitated and interstitial form.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—PSYCHOLOGY: Changes in Sexual Functioning Associated with Duloxetine, Escitalopram, and Placebo in the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

ABSTRACT Introduction Depression and antidepressant therapy have been associated with sexual dysfunction in short-term and point-prevalence trials. Aim This report describes effects of duloxetine and escitalopram on sexual functioning during acute and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods In this 8-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, adult outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV)-defined MDD were randomized to duloxetine 60mg/day (N=273; 173 female), escitalopram 10mg/day (N=274; 186 female), or placebo (N=137; 87 female). After the first 8weeks of treatment, dose increases were permitted to optimize treatment. Main Outcome Measure The 14-item Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) was used to assess sexual functioning. Results Of the 114 patients who did not meet total CSFQ score criteria for global sexual dysfunction at baseline (duloxetine, N=51; escitalopram, N=39; placebo, N=24), the incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction was significantly higher for escitalopram compared with placebo at 4 and 8weeks, and significantly higher compared with duloxetine at 4weeks. At 8weeks, the incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction was 17/51 (33.3%) for duloxetine-treated patients; 19/39 (48.7%) for escitalopram-treated patients; and 4/24 (16.7%) for placebo-treated patients ( P = 0.01 escitalopram vs. placebo; P =0.13 duloxetine vs. placebo). After 12weeks, no significant differences were observed between active drugs. At 8months, the incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction was 33.3% for duloxetine, 43.6% for escitalopram, and 25.0% for placebo. Regardless of treatment, patients who achieved remission of MDD showed improvement in global sexual functioning, whereas worsening was observed for patients who did not achieve remission ( P P =0.07). Conclusions Short-term treatment demonstrated a higher incidence of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction with escitalopram compared with duloxetine and placebo. After 12weeks, there were no statistically significant differences between drugs; however, MDD outcome (regardless of treatment) had a significant impact on improvement in global sexual functioning. Clayton A, Kornstein S, Prakash A, Mallinckrodt C, and Wohlreich M. Changes in sexual functioning associated with duloxetine, escitalopram, and placebo in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder.
Mixed lymphocyte reactivity in spleen cells from F-9 tumor-bearing mice: I. Suppressor cell induction and characterization

Abstract The immune capacity of spleen cells from F-9 tumor-bearing mice was assessed in a one-way mixed leukocyte culture (MLR) and in MLR mixing experiments. Alloreactivity was found to be significantly depressed in mice bearing palpable tumors. Mixing experiments demonstrated that the reduced alloreactivity was due to suppressor cell activity in the spleens of the tumorous mice. Suppressor cells were characterized as adherent, Ly2 + T cells. This study provides the basis for an analysis of the cell surface antigens on F-9 embryonal carcinoma cells which lead to the induction of suppressor T cells in these mice.
Calorimetry of the Transfer of Fe(III) from Nitrilotriacetate to Apotransferrin in the Presence and in the Absence of Bicarbonate

Abstract The enthalpy change for the reaction of Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetate (NTA) with apotransferrin was measured by direct calorimetry in the absence of HCO3- and in its presence. Assuming that the reaction occurs in two steps the following assignments can be made in 0.05 m Tris solutions at pH 7.96: Apotransferrin + 2 Fe(III)NTA = apotransferrin [Fe(III)NTA]2 (1) ΔH = -10.40 ± 0.04 Cal mole-1 Apotransferrin + 2 Fe(III)NTA + 2 HCO-3 = apotransferrin [Fe(III)(HCO3)]22- + 2 NTA (2) ΔH = -22.50 ± 0.60 Cal mole-1 The enthalpy change for saturation of half the Fe(III) binding sites was compared with the enthalpy change for saturation of the half-saturated protein. In the presence of excess HCO3- these values were -10.90 ± 0.19 Cal per mole of bound Fe(III) and -10.43 ± 0.76 Cal per mole of bound Fe(III), respectively. In the absence of HCO3-, corresponding values were -4.64 ± 0.05 Cal per mole of bound Fe(III) and -4.52 ± 0.08 Cal per mole of bound Fe(III), respectively. These facts give support to the model of independent and equivalent Fe(III) binding sites in apotransferrin but do not prove it. No calorimetric evidence was found for [Fe(III)NTA]2 dimer formation under conditions favorable to its presence. Comparison of time-dependent calorimetric curves indicates that the apotransferrin + Fe(III)NTA + HCO3- reaction occurs in two steps. An instantaneous reaction occurs, followed by a slower reaction.
Smallpox vaccination reactions, prophylaxis, and therapy of complications

Smallpox vaccination in the United States is a routine public health measure which has been under intensive review during the last decade. The most frequently occurring adverse reactions to vaccination are benign and require little or no systemic therapy. These reactions include accidental infection, erythematous and urticarial rash, and generalized vaccinia. Chickenpox occurring concurrently with vaccination presents no problem unless vaccinia has widely superinfected the chickenpox lesions. There is no risk to the pregnant woman who is vaccinated, but there is a slight risk that the fetus will develop fetal vaccinia. The vaccinia does not cause congenital malformations. Vaccinia hyperimmune globulin (VIG) in prophylactic dosage may be given to a pregnant woman who is traveling to a smallpox infected or endemic area in order to prevent fetal vaccinia. Vaccinia necrosum and eczema vaccinatum require vigorous systemic therapy with VIG, and often thiosemicarbazone. Post-vaccinial encephalitis, while frequently serious, has not been shown to be ameliorated by VIG therapy, although there are data which suggest VIG has some value in prophylaxis for encephalitis. Prophylaxis, prompt recognition, and proper therapy may reduce the fatality rates of these complications. Revaccination of patients who have suffered a complication is a frequent clinical problem. Revaccination of an individual who has had post-vaccinial encephalitis or vaccinia necrosum is contraindicated unless the risk of contracting smallpox outweighs the risk of the above two diseases. Revaccination of children who have had eczema vaccinatum is not contraindicated. Revaccination of children with a history of accidental infection or erythematous or urticarial rash presents no known or theoretically increased risk.
Visible light cure characteristics of a cycloaliphatic polyester dimethacrylate alternative oligomer to bisGMA.

AbstractObjective: The goal of this study was to characterize the light curing characteristics of a new oligomer PEM-665 designed to be used as an alternative monomer to BisGMA.Materials and methods: PEM-665 (P) and BisGMA (B) solutions were prepared with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (T) diluent in different weight proportions (70/30 and 50/50). Solutions containing 70% P and 30% T were designated as 70PT, 70%B and 30%T as 70BT, 50%P and 50%T as 50PT and 50%B and 50%T as 50BT. The initiators were CQ (EDMAB was used as amine accelerator for CQ) and DPO in 1% concentration. Eight solutions were prepared in a factorial design: 70PT/DPO; 70PT/CQ; 50PT/DPO; 50PT/CQ; 70BT/DPO; 70BT/CQ; 50BT/DPO; 50BT/CQ. BISCO VIP visible light was used to cure the monomer solutions using 30 s exposure time and 400 W power setting. TA Instruments Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC 2910) was used to determine the heat of cure (J/g) during polymerization at 37 °C, from which molar heat of cure (kJ/mole) and %Conversion v...
Dopaminergic and cholinergic learning mechanisms in nicotine addiction

Nicotine addiction drives tobacco use by one billion people worldwide, causing nearly six million deaths a year. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are normally activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The widespread expression of nicotinic receptors throughout the nervous system accounts for the diverse physiological effects triggered by nicotine. A crucial influence of nicotine is on the synaptic mechanisms underlying learning that contribute to the addiction process. Here, we focus on the acquisition phase of smoking addiction and review animal model studies on how nicotine modifies dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling in key nodes of the reinforcement circuitry: ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala, and hippocampus. Capitalizing on mechanisms that subserve natural rewards, nicotine activates midbrain dopamine neurons directly and indirectly, and nicotine causes dopamine release in very broad target areas throughout the brain, including the NAc, amygdala, and hippocampus. In addition, nicotine orchestrates local changes within those target structures, alters the release of virtually all major neurotransmitters, and primes the nervous system to the influence of other addictive drugs. Hence, understanding how nicotine affects the circuitry for synaptic plasticity and learning may aid in developing reasoned therapies to treat nicotine addiction.
Classic predictions about sex change do not hold under all types of size advantage

Theory predicts that the 'size advantage' (rate of increase in male and female fitness with age or size) determines the direction and the timing of sex change in sequential hermaphrodites. Whereas the size advantage is generated by the mating system and would be expected to vary within and between species, the shape or form of the size advantage has rarely been estimated directly. Here, we ask whether theoretical predictions about the timing of sex change hold under different types of size advantage. We model two biological scenarios representing different processes generating the size advantage and find that different types of size advantage can produce patterns that qualitatively differ from classic predictions. Our results demonstrate that a good understanding of sequentially hermaphroditic mating systems, and specifically, a direct assessment of the processes underlying the size advantage is crucial to reliably predict and explain within-species patterns of the timing of sex change.
A Preliminary Test of a Social Information Processing Model of Parenting Risk in Adolescent Males at Risk for Later Physical Child Abuse in Adulthood

Social information processing (SIP) theory has been useful in understanding male aggression both generally and within intimate relationships. This study examined a SIP model of parenting risk in adolescent males (N = 77) who are not yet parents but have characteristics found in adult men who have physically abused children. Three SIP factors were predicted to play a role in the use of punishment: rigid and inappropriate child expectations (schema), problem-solving abilities and attributions of negative child intent. The adolescents in this study exhibited SIP difficulties at levels similar to those found in maltreating mothers and mothers at risk for perpetrating child maltreatment. As predicted, those who had more unrealistic expectations gave significantly more irrelevant solutions to child-rearing problems, made more negative intent attributions and assigned higher levels of punishment when presented with aversive child behaviour scenarios. Testing of the full model using structural equation modeling revealed, as predicted, significant direct paths between two SIP elements (problem-solving and attributions) and punishment levels assigned to children. An indirect path between expectations and punishment through attributions was also found. History of abuse did not add to the model in this at-risk sample. Implications of findings for prevention and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘Three SIP factors were predicted to play a role in the use of punishment’ ‘Significant direct paths between two SIP elements and punishment levels assigned to children’ Key Practitioner Message The SIP model argues that caregivers who have unrealistic expectations of children show poorer problem-solving in child-rearing situations, and make more negative intent attributions to children's behaviour are at greater risk for inadequate and inappropriate parenting, including child maltreatment.
MICELLAR LIFETIME: ITS RELEVANCE TO VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

The slow relaxation time (τ2) of SDS micelles measured by pressure-jump technique was in the range of 10-4 to 10+1 seconds depending upon the surfactant concentration. We have studied how this five...
UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO HUMAN EVIL: A MULTICAUSAL APPROACH

One task of religion is delivering human beings from evil within and between themselves. Defining good as well-being or functioning well, evil as impaired functioning, and doing evil as impairing the functioning of others, this essay explores how religions in consort with other social institutions might understand and respond to evil in light of contemporary scientific knowledge. To understand evil I use a multicausal approach that includes both biological and sociocultural environmental causes. I illustrate the use of this approach by analyzing how we might understand and respond to human rage and violence.
Conjugate gradients on optical crossbar interconnected multiprocessor

A high-performance multiprocessor is proposed that achieves very high speed by using a large number of elementary processing elements to permit efficient use of fine grain parallelism. Extremely high algorithm flexibility is maintained by means of a fast large reconfigurable generalized connection network constructed with an optical spatial light modulator. Static dataflow methodology permits high speed. Optical interconnections provide a bandwidth that is highly interference free to support fine granularity. An FFT and several forms of matrix-vector multiplier are implemented on the system with efficiencies approaching one. A conjugate gradient algorithm is modified to achieve maximum pipelining during an iteration. An implementation of this modified algorithm on the optical crossbar computer suggests that efficiencies of over 76% are feasible even when the problem dimension differs from the number of processing elements.
The seismicity and tectonics of Uganda

Abstract The seismicity of Uganda has been studied using new data and all other available, previously determined locations of earthquakes ( m b ⩾ 4.0) up to December 1973. A magnitude—frequency graph suggests that since 1963 there is nearly complete coverage of all events with body magnitudes m b ⩾ 4.2 in Uganda. The distribution of the earthquakes affirms that the Lake Amin—Lake Mobutu region experienced the greatest number of earthquakes, while the area around the Ruwenzori Mountain is probably the most seismically active area in Uganda if not in East Africa. The occurrence of earthquakes and the presence of faults of Cenozoic age in the Ruwenzori fold belt indicate that this area is a tectonically active zone (zone of weakness) probably connecting the eastern and western rifts across the Lake Victoria basin.
Architecture and implementation for high-bandwidth real-time radar signal transmission and computing application

he design, architecture, and implementation for the high-throughput data transmission and high-performance computing,which are applicable for various real-time radar signal transmission applications over the data network, are presented. With a client-server model, the multiple processes and threads on the end systems operate simultaneously and collaborately to meet the real-time requirement. The design covers the Digitized Radar Signal (DRS) data acquisition and data transmission on the DRS server end as well as DRS data receiving, radar signal parameter computation and parameter transmission on the DRS receiver end. Generic packet and data structures for transmission and inter-process data sharing are constructed. The architecture was successfully implemented on Sun/Solaris workstations with dual 750 MHz UltraSPARC-III processors containing Gigabit Ethernet card. The comparison in transmission throughput over gigabit link between with computation and without computation clearly shows the importance of the signal processing capability on the end-to-end performance. Profiling analysis on the DRS receiver process shows the work-loaded functions and provides guides for improving computing capabilities.
Compact operators, invariant subspaces, and spectral synthesis

Let L be a subspace lattice which contains a sequence {Pn} of commuting projections such that for any subsequence {Pni}, VPni = I and ΛPni = 0. Then Alg(L)∩K(H)=0. Suppose G is a compact abelian group and E ⊆ G is a closed set. There is a family LE of commutative subspace lattices for which Alg(LE)∩K(H)≠0 precisely when E is a set of multiplicity in the sense of harmonic analysis. By showing that the graph of ⩽ is a set of uniqueness in 2∞ × 2∞ we obtain a “thin set” proof that Alg(2∞, ⩽, m12) contains no nonzero compact operators. For an important class of sets K ⊆ G × GAmin(K) = Amax(K) iff K is a set of spectral synthesis in the group G X G. It follows that if E1and E2 are sets of spectral synthesis in G then Alg(PE1\bo Alg (PE2) = Alg(PE1 ⊗ PE2iff E1 × E2 is a set of spectral synthesis in G X G and if semigroups ∑1 and ∑2 are sets of spectral synthesis in G then Alg(∑1) \bo Alg(∑2) = Alg(∑1 × ∑2iff ∑1 × ∑2 is a set of spectral synthesis in G × G. The operator algebra Alg(P1⊗ P2 ⊗ …) is synthetic iff for all n, Alg(P1 ⊗ … ⊗ Pn is synthetic. This implies that the operator algebras Alg(2∞, ⩽, mp) are synthetic.
Informational properties of the Nash solutions of two stochastic nonzero-sum games

Abstract Within the framework of stochastic two-person nonzero-sum games, we deal with two commonly used models in engineering and economics—namely, the LQG (Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian) and the duopoly problems. We investigate how variations in information available to either player affect the equilibrium Nash strategies for these two models, whose existence and uniqueness have been proven in the paper. We show that for the LQG model better information for either player results in lower average Nash costs for both players; whereas for the duopoly model better information for one player helps him alone to achieve a higher average Nash profit, and it hurts the other player in the sense that his average Nash profit decreases. We further relate these properties of the Nash solutions for these two games to some of the distinct features of zero-sum games and team problems.
Matrix solidification and the resulting residual thermal stresses in composites

The disparate thermal expansion properties of the fibres and matrices in high-performance composites lead to an inevitable build up of residual thermal stresses during fabrication. We first discuss the thermal expansion behaviour of thermoplastic and thermoset polymers that may be used as high-performance composite matrices. The three classes of polymers considered are epoxies, amorphous thermoplastics, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. The relevant thermal expansion data for prediction of the magnitude of the residual stresses in composites is the zero (atmospheric)-pressure thermal expansion data; these data are plotted for a range of thermoplastics and a typical epoxy. Using the technique of photoelasticity, we have measured the magnitude of the residual stresses in unidirectional graphite composites with an amorphous thermoplastic matrix (polysulfone) and with an epoxy matrix (BP907). The temperature dependence of the residual stress build up and the resulting magnitude of the residual stresses correlate well with the thermal and physical properties of the matrix resin.
A targeting signal in VAMP regulating transport to synaptic vesicles

VAMP is a synaptic vesicle membrane protein required for fusion. Synaptic vesicle targeting was measured for mutants of an epitope-tagged form of VAMP in transfected PC12 cells. A signal within a predicted amphipathic alpha helix is essential for targeting to synaptic vesicles. Cellubrevin, a nonneural VAMP homolog, contains this signal and is also targeted to synaptic vesicles. Amino acid substitutions within the synaptic vesicle targeting signal either enhance or inhibit sorting of VAMP to synaptic vesicles, but do not affect the ability of VAMP to form complexes with syntaxin and SNAP-25.
Enzymic and autoxidation of lipids in low fat foods: model of linoleic acid in emulsified hexadecane.

Abstract The oxidation of linoleic acid in emulsified hexadecane, which is inert to oxidation, was examined as a model for low fat foods. Static headspace gas chromatography was used to investigate the release of small amounts of volatile compounds in emulsion systems. At room temperature the initial rate of oxidation by lipoxygenase decreased in the presence of emulsion droplets. However, the total amounts of intermediate hydroperoxides formed after 4 h were similar, as well as the amounts of decomposition product hexanal formed after 22 h at 40 °C. There was no effect of droplet size of the emulsions tested. Increase of emulsion concentration from 0 to 2.4% gradually reduced the amount of hexanal released from the emulsions. The enzyme preparation used accelerated the formation of hexanal from methyl linoleate hydroperoxides prepared by autoxidation. However, hexanal was more readily formed from the linoleate hydroperoxide produced by the lipoxygenase preparation. Autoxidative decomposition of methyl linoleate at 40°C produced about the same amounts of hexanal as the corresponding linoleate containing model systems at 60°C. This study showed that lowering the fat contents of foods may increase the chances of flavour defects.
Pressure enhanced conductivity in bis-1,2,3-thiaselenazolyl dimers.

A synthetic sequence to salts of N-alkylated pyridine-bridged 1,2,3-thiaselenazolo-1,2,3-thiaselenazolylium cations [2]+ (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = H) is described. The corresponding radicals 2 (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = H) can be generated from the cations by chemical or electrochemical reduction. Crystals of the two radicals are isostructural and consist of interpenetrating π-stacked arrays of closed-shell Se−Se σ-bonded dimers [2]2 laced together with numerous short intermolecular Se- - -Se, Se- - -S, and Se- - -N contacts. Variable-temperature magnetic, conductivity, and near-infrared optical measurements indicate that the bulk materials behave as small band gap semiconductors with room-temperature conductivities σRT near 10-6 S cm-1 and thermal activation energies Ea of 0.32 eV (R1 = Me) and 0.36 eV (R1 = Et). LMTO band structure calculations on both compounds are consistent with this interpretation. The application of external pressure leads to dramatic increases in conductivity; at 4 GPa σRT reaches a value near 1...