cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical covering for control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in static and windrow composting processes.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of a 30-cm covering of finished compost (FC) on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in active static and windrow composting systems. Feedstocks inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (7.41 log CFU/g) and Salmonella (6.46 log CFU/g) were placed in biosentry tubes (7.5-cm diameter, 30-cm height) at three locations: (i and ii) two opposing sides at the interface between the FC cover layer (where present) and the feedstock material (each positioned approximately 10 cm below the pile9s surface) and (iii) an internal location (top) (approximately 30 cm below the surface). On specific sampling days, surviving populations of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, generic E. coli, and coliforms in compost samples were determined. Salmonella spp. were reduced significantly within 24 h in windrow piles and were below the detection limit after 3 and 7 days at internal locations of windrow and static piles containing FC covering, respectively. Likewise, E. coli O157:H7 was undetectable after 1 day in windrow piles covered with finished compost. Use of FC as a covering layer significantly increased the number of days that temperatures in the windrows remained ≥55°C at all locations and in static piles at internal locations. These time-temperature exposures resulted in rapid reduction of inoculated pathogens, and the rate of bacterial reduction was rapid in windrow piles. The sample location significantly influenced the survival of these pathogens at internal locations compared to that at interface locations of piles. Finished compost covering of compost piles aids in the reduction of pathogens during the composting process.
Peripheral blood allogeneic microchimerism in lung and cardiac allograft recipients.

We have been investigating two param- eters, donor antigen-specific hyporeactivity and peripheral blood allogeneic microchimerism, to determine whether these parameters will predict a chronic rejection-free state and which recipients may be candidates for steroid withdrawal. We have identified donor antigen-specific hyporeactivity for 33% (16/48) of lung and 23% (11/47) of heart recipients. For both organ groups, the hyporeac- tive subgroup experienced a lower incidence of chronic rejection. The probability of donor antigen- specific hyporeactivity predicting a chronic rejec- tion-free state is 100% for lung and 91% for heart recipients. We have identified peripheral blood allogeneic microchimerism for 77% (20/26) of lung and 36% (9/25) of heart recipients tested at 12-18 months posttransplant. Donor antigen- specific hyporeactivity correlates with a critical level of donor cells in lung recipients; the probabil- ity of high peripheral blood allogeneic microchime- rism levels predicting a chronic rejection-free state in lung recipients is 100%. The results in heart recipients are not as clear with a short-, but not long-term, trend of higher chimerism levels corre- lating with the development of donor antigen- specific hyporeactivity. These results illustrate the usefulness of immune parameters to predict long- term graft outcome in an organ-specific manner. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66: 306-309; 1999.
Children in Poverty: Can Public Policy Alleviate the Consequences?

A theory of change derived from social exclusion leads to goals for children that include not only human capital, but assurance of basic rights and wellbeing. The choice of goals goes beyond social science to underlying values of the society. Most developed societies, including the US, profess a strong belief in the importance of children's wellbeing. Our policy evaluation criteria should reflect that belief.
Excavations at Gritille (1982–1984): the Medieval Period A Preliminary Report

Gritille is the modern name for a mound lying on the right bank of the Euphrates River in southeast Turkey. Four years of excavation by a team led by Professor Richard S. Ellis of Bryn Mawr College concentrated on uncovering two main occupation levels bracketing the site's long sequence, the Neolithic and the Medieval. This article will focus on the last three seasons of excavation on top of the mound.The mound of Gritille lies 10 km. upstream from Samsat (Greek Samosata, Arabic Sumaisāṭ), a major halting point on the medieval road from North Syria through Urfa (Greek Edessa, Arabic ar-Ruhā) to Malatya (Greek Melitene) and central eastern Anatolia. It was at Samsat that the crossing of the Euphrates was attempted. Samsat was also a stop for East–West traffic from Diyarbakir (Āmid) to Birecik (Bīra) and beyond, but the road through Nisibin (Nusaybin) and Harran (or Urfa) to Birecik seems to have been heavily travelled in the late Middle Islamic period (Fig. 1).
When Nothing Is Really Something: New Evidence of the Importance of Zero Coronary Calcium.

Cardiologists interested in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been identifying and treating high values of major risk factors for decades. High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, or high body weight are all standard measures of higher risk and represent
Using remote sensing to calculate plant available nitrogen needed by crops on swine factory farm sprayfields in North Carolina

North Carolina (NC) is the second largest producer of hogs in the United States with Duplin county, NC having the densest population of hogs in the world. In NC, liquid swine manure is generally stored in open-air lagoons and sprayed onto sprayfields with sprinkler systems to be used as fertilizer for crops. Swine factory farms, termed concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), are regulated by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) based on nutrient management plans (NMPs) having balanced plant available nitrogen (PAN). The estimated PAN in liquid manure being sprayed must be less than the estimated PAN needed crops during irrigation. Estimates for PAN needed by crops are dependent on crop and soil types. Objectives of this research were to develop a new, time-efficient method to identify PAN needed by crops on Duplin county sprayfields for years 2010-2014. Using remote sensing data instead of NMP data to identify PAN needed by crops allowed calendar year identification of which crops were grown on sprayfields instead of a five-year range of values. Although permitted data have more detailed crop information than remotely sensed data, identification of PAN needed by crops using remotely sensed data is more time efficient, internally consistent, easily publically accessible, and has the ability to identify annual changes in PAN on sprayfields. Once PAN needed by crops is known, remote sensing can be used to quantify PAN at other spatial scales, such as sub-watershed levels, and can be used to inform targeted water quality monitoring of swine CAFOs.
When the Lawyer Knows the Client is Guilty: Client Confessions in Legal Ethics, Popular Culture, and Literature

This article concerns a classic puzzle in legal ethics: what should a criminal defense lawyer do when the lawyer is certain that the client is factually guilty (usually because the client confessed to the lawyer), but the client insists on an all-out defense? Legal ethicists have struggled with this problem since the Courvoisier case in 1840, but it remains unresolved. This article draws a distinction between strong and weak adversarialism and explains how these two normative positions guide a lawyer's tactical decisionmaking. The article suggests that lawyers should have discretion to choose between the strong and weak positions, depending on context and their personal conscience. Both popular culture and great literature provide interesting perspectives on the strong vs. weak adversarialism dilemma. According to numerous films, television shows and novels, the right answer to the lawyer's dilemma is no adversarialism at all. The good lawyer should betray evil clients to insure that the truth is discovered. Pop culture's no-adversarialism model is a universe few lawyers would care to inhabit but which reflects popular views on the relationship of lawyering to truth. Literature casts doubt on whether a lawyer can know with certainty whether a client is telling the truth. It presents numerous models of successful strong adversarialists and unsuccessful weak adversarialists. Few literary lawyers manage to be both skilled advocates and decent human beings.
DNA Nanostructures as Building Blocks for Molecular Biophysics and Future Therapeutics

Our group previously solved a key challenge for nanotechnology: programmable self-assembly of complex, three-dimensional nanostructures. Our solution was to build custom three-dimensional structures that can be conceived as stacks of nearly flat layers of DNA. I will discuss applications of this technology for molecular biophysics and therapeutics, including our efforts to build nanoscale capsules as delivery vehicles in vivo.
Vigabatrin Associated Retinal Pathology

A prospective study of 29 children treated with vigabatrin (VGB) as add on therapy for epilepsy included ophthalmic examination before and at 6-month intervals for 6.5 years, at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman.
A Generalized Constraint Model for Two-Dimensional Beam Flexures

To utilize beam flexures in constraint-based flexure mechanism design, it is important to develop a qualitative and quantitative understanding of their constraint characteristics in terms of stiffness and error motions. This paper provides a highly generalized yet accurate closed-form load-displacement model for two-dimensional beam flexures, taking into account the nonlinearities arising from load equilibrium applied in the deformed configuration. In particular, stiffness and error motions are parametrically quantified in terms of elastic, load-stiffening, kinematic, and elastokinematic effects. The proposed beam constraint model incorporates any general loading conditions, boundary conditions, initial curvature, and beam shape. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed beam constraint model is verified extensively by non-linear Finite Elements Analysis.© 2009 ASME
Evaluation of the PAPNET™Cytologic Screening System for Quality Control of Cervical Smears

The PAPNET system is an automated interactive instrument for analysis of conventional (Papanicolaou) cervical smears. The instrument, described in this paper, introduces several important innovations to cytology automation. The cell selection system is composed of two stages: an algorithmic classifier, followed by a trained neural network allowing for great flexibility and precision in recognition of abnormal cell images. Contrary to other attempts at cytology automation, this machine does not attempt to diagnose cell abnormalities. Instead, it is interactive, leaving the assessment of the cells displayed on a high-resolution video screen to trained human observers. The slides judged to contain abnormal cells or to be inadequate are referred for a second microscopic review. Two versions of the instrument (Alpha and Beta) were evaluated in several modes. Initial testing was performed on archival smears with known, histologically confirmed neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. These lesions comprised the entire spectrum of abnormalities, from low-grade lesions to invasive cancers of several types. The Alpha machine displayed recognizable abnormal cells in 97% of the 201 cases, and the Beta machine displayed such cells in 97.2% of 176 cases. The Beta instrument was subsequently tested on 500 sequential archival cervical smears that had been previously subjected to a rigorous quality control. One hundred forty smears (28%), which either displayed atypical cells or were considered "inadequate," were referred for further rescreening. Fifteen of 16 previously diagnosed neoplastic smears were appropriately identified with the help of the machine. The one missed case contained a single cluster of vacuolated cancer cells from an endometrial carcinoma. As a result of PAPNET-triggered review, three new cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions view, three new cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) came to light in previously negative smears; three additional cases, previously classified as atypical, were also reclassified as SIL, for a net gain of six neoplastic abnormalities. In two additional atypical cases, colposcopic follow-up was recommended, even though the diagnosis was not modified. Two cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, represented by tiny single clusters of abnormal cells missed on original screening, quality control, and on machine rescreening, came to light on second review of the residual 360 cases. The initial experience with the PAPNET system suggests that the instrument may be valuable in quality control and may assist in significantly reducing false-negative cervical smears in an efficient and timely manner. Further testing of the instrument on a much larger number of cervical smears is in progress.
The Reagan Budget: A Significant Departure from the Past

In the aggregate President Reagan's budget does not differ significantly from budget growth during the early 1970s. If the budget is slightly disaggregated, however, it is clear that the Administration is dramatically altering U.S. spending patterns . As part of his program for economic recovery announced last February and March, President Reagan called for $475 billion in budget reductions over fiscal years 1981–86. He also proposed the use of the budget reconciliation process provided for in the 1974 Congressional Budget Act as the vehicle for implementing the first installment of these massive cuts in federal spending. In this paper I will discuss the Reagan budget plan in broad outline, and then compare certain aspects of it with the outcome of the reconciliation process and with some recent budget trends.
Studies on the early phase of induced fibrosarcoma in the hamster.

SummaryThe subcutaneous injection of 20-methylcholanthrene into hamsters produced fibrosarcomas within 60 to 80 days. Examination of the injection sites, 24 hours following injection, showed fibroblasts which are morphologically different from normal. At first these cells show little active proliferation. The altered fibroblasts form a distinct strain of cells in a nodulus close to the area of injection and it is from these nodules of altered fibroblasts that invasive fibrosarcoma grows. In contrast to the oil solutions of carcinogen used, the saline suspensions produce cell necrosis and giant cell reaction.
Parenting Supports for Early Vocabulary Development: Specific Effects of Sensitivity and Stimulation through Infancy

Growing recognition of disparities in early childhood language environments prompt examination of parent-child interactions which support vocabulary. Research links parental sensitivity and cognitive stimulation to child language, but has not explicitly contrasted their effects, nor examined how effects may change over time. We examined maternal sensitivity and stimulation throughout infancy using two observational methods - ratings of parents' interaction qualities, and coding of discrete parenting behaviors - to assess the relative importance of these qualities to child vocabulary over time, and determine whether mothers make related changes in response to children's development. Participants were 146 infants and mothers, assessed when infants were 14, 24, and 36 months. At 14 months, sensitivity had a stronger effect on vocabulary than did stimulation, but the effect of stimulation grew throughout toddlerhood. Mothers' cognitive stimulation grew over time, whereas sensitivity remained stable. While discrete parenting behaviors changed with child age, there was no evidence of trade-offs between sensitive and stimulating behaviors, and no evidence that sensitivity moderated the effect of stimulation on child vocabulary. Findings demonstrate specificity of timing in the link between parenting qualities and child vocabulary which could inform early parent interventions, and supports a reconceptualization of the nature and measurement of parental sensitivity.
Paediatric ECGs made easy

Abstract What is the perfect paediatric investigation? Whilst there is no such thing a good paediatric investigation should be non-invasive, non-threatening to the child and family and fruitful in terms of information yielded. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is all of these and more. For a non-invasive test the ECG can deliver great rewards to those prepared to invest in its secrets. It holds the potential of distinguishing normal from abnormal in the investigation of common presentations such as heart murmurs and palpitations. In more acute situations, correct interpretation offers a keen understanding of disturbances of rhythm and conduction. This article examines the utility of this modest but potent tool.
What is sexual selection? A rent-seeking approach

Natural, artificial, and sexual selection played different roles in Darwin’s theoretical system and his arguments. Natural selection explained adaptation without recourse to teleology. Artificial selection provided a plausibility argument for selection in general. Sexual selection provided a critical test of selection and showed that it may lead to maladaptation. Sexual selection in evolutionary theory resembles rent-seeking in economic theory.
Pulmonary edema with wide-complex tachycardia.

A 58-year-old woman came to the emergency department with severe shortness of breath. Her symptoms had developed late in the evening after several days of Increasing cough and dyspnea on exertion. There was no chest pain or palpitation. She had had hypertension for the past 10 years, treated intermittently with metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide. A month before this presentation she had discontinued those medications because her supply ran out.She was an obese woman in moderate respiratory distress. Blood pressure was 190/120 mm Hg, pulse was 140 beats per minute and regular, respirations were 32 per minute, temperature was 37.1°C, and arterial oxygen saturation was 96%. Her skin was cool and moist. The arterial pulses were small in volume but symmetrical. Crackles and coarse rhonchi were heard throughout the chest. Cardiac examination showed rapid regular rhythm with three sounds per cycle, probably reflecting the presence of an S4 or a summation gallop. No variability in heart sounds or arterial pulse v...
Prevalence of Low Energy Availability in Competitively Trained Male Endurance Athletes

Background and Objectives: Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) has been introduced as a broad-spectrum syndrome leading to possible dysfunction in numerous physiological systems, driven primarily by low energy availability (EA). Research in females has identified specific EA cut-points indicative of risk level for developing physiological and performance disturbances. Cut-points in males have yet to be evaluated. This study examined the prevalence of low EA in competitive (non-elite), recreationally trained (CRT) male endurance athletes. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 108 CRT (38.6 ± 13.8 y; 12.2 ± 5.4 h/wk training) male endurance athletes (runners, cyclists, triathletes) who completed a descriptive survey online via Qualtrics® and returned 3 day diet and exercise training records. EA was calculated from returned surveys and training records. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and lean body mass (LBM) were estimated from self-reported survey data. Prevalence of risk group was categorized based on the female cut-points: At risk (AR) ≤30 kcal/kg LBM, moderate risk (MR) = 30–45 kcal/kg LBM, or no risk (NR) ≥45 kcal/kg LBM. Results: In this sample, 47.2% (n = 51) were classified as AR, 33.3% (n = 36) as MR, and 19.4% (n = 21) as NR for low EA. Cyclists had lower EA (26.9 ± 17.4 kcal/kg LBM, n = 45) than runners (34.6 ± 13.3 kcal/kg LBM, n = 55, p = 0.016) and all other sport categories (39.5 ± 19.1 kcal/kg LBM, n = 8, p = 0.037). Conclusions: The findings indicate this sample had a high prevalence of risk for low EA, at 47.2%. Only 19.4% of participants were at no risk, meaning ~80% of participants were at some degree of risk of experiencing low EA. Cyclists were at greater risk in this cohort of low EA, although why this occurred was unclear and is in need of further investigation. Future research should address whether the current female cut-points for low EA are appropriate for use in male populations.
The Growth Determinants of Klong 15 Ornamental Plant Market in Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok

With a growing trend of availing green spaces in living and office areas, there is a good growth potential for ornamental plants both in Thailand and the rest of the world. The main objective of this research was to understand the 4p’s of Klong 15 Ongkarak plant market, its nature and type of business, SWOT and the opportunities and challenges from retailers and wholesalers perspectives of their current market position and determinants of their future market positioning. The results revealed that, though the store keepers consider that they have clear advantage of geographical location, suitable soil structure and good supply of affordable labour, their main concern is the major marketing aspects such as weak brand and product awareness of their store. The results also revealed that most of the store keepers understood the importance of internet and agreed that they will develop a website or webpage for their shop and will go for online promotion of their store. Major factor which had highest agreeableness among the store keepers is that they all are willing to develop good customer relationship to excel in their business. Overall it is revealed that developing a webpage or website, new concepts and designs of storage and packing and maintaining proper customer relationship are considered by the storekeepers to be the future determinants of the market. This research also predicted a growth of 3.4% in business men involved in both cut flower and ornamental plants and a decline of -2.20 in ornamental plant sellers and -1.10 declines with cut flower sellers. In other words, 1.10% of cut flower sellers and 2.20% of ornamental plant sellers will move forward and increase their product portfolio by selling both ornamental plants and cut flowers.
The syntax of displacing and non-displacing predicates

This chapter presents formal analyses of the constructions of interest in this book: raising-to-subject, tough -movement, and unaccusative constructions. In each of these constructions the main clause subject is displaced with respect to its thematic position, and the main predicate is therefore a displacing predicate. Each of these displacing constructions will be contrasted with a surface-similar construction that does not involve displacement, as discussed in Chapter 1. And in each case, the cue of subject animacy can distinguish the two constructions: only the displacing predicates permit inanimate subjects in an unrestricted fashion. We'll also discuss the passive, which works like these other displacing constructions in certain respects, but behaves differently in other respects. For each displacing construction I will give a descriptive overview of the construction and some empirical diagnostics for it. I will then present what I take to be standard contemporary accounts of the construction's underlying structure and derivation, with some references to older accounts or different frameworks as relevance dictates. All of the constructions under consideration here have provoked lively debates over the past several decades, resulting in numerous analyses in the syntax literature. It is beyond the scope of this book to give a complete history of the analyses of each construction. Rather, my goal here is to highlight some of the classic and contemporary treatments of these structures. The accounts I present will lean heavily towards movement-based frameworks, though in fact the main thesis of this book does not hinge on a movement-based treatment of these constructions.
Abstract B60: Role of inflammatory monocyte mobilization in metastatic pancreatic cancer

Introduction: More than half of patients with Pancreatic Cancer (PC) present with metastasis. Our group and others have shown that PC induces cellular changes in the liver long before metastatic spread. These pre-metastatic changes include a significant recruitment of inflammatory monocytes (IM) by the chemokine CCL2 (produced by pre-metastatic liver) and its receptor CCR2 (expressed on IM). Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesized that IM mobilization to the liver is essential for growth of metastatic PC. We therefore optimized our model of metastatic PC to study the role of CCR2 inhibition on growth of metastatic PC. Methods: We implanted a spontaneously derived murine PC cell line (KCKO) orthotopically in the tail of the pancreas of C57BL/6 (WT) mice. We removed the primary tumor on day 10 and divided the spleen into two hemi-spleens. At this time, mice were injected with luciferase expressing tumor cells in the inferior pole of the spleen which was removed after injection and liver metastases were detected by bioluminescence (BLI). Results: Mice with established liver metastasis were randomized to treatment with CCR2 antagonist (CCR2i), FOLFIRINOX, CCR2i and FOLFIRINOX combination (CCR2i+FOLFIRINOX), or vehicle. Mice were treated for three weeks and were imaged biweekly in order to quantify tumor burden in the liver. Mice were sacrificed after 3 weeks and gene expression and flow cytometry studies were performed on peripheral blood, bone marrow, and liver. Liver metastases were detected by BLI in 70% of mice after 10 days and 100% of mice after 15 days following splenic injection with luciferase expressing tumor cells. Peripheral blood and liver inflammatory monocytes/macrophages were significantly increased in mice bearing liver metastasis. However, CCR2i efficiently blocked the recruitment of inflammatory monocyte/macrophage populations in the liver (p Conclusion: Our murine model of PC metastasis formation recapitulates the human form of the disease. We demonstrate that inflammatory monocyte recruitment to the liver is important in promoting the development of metastasis in liver. CCR2 blockade in combination with FOLFIRINOX decreases macrophages in the liver and impairs growth of liver metastasis. Citation Format: Roheena Z. Panni, Dominic E. Sanford, Brian A. Belt, Timothy M. Nywening, Peter Goedegebuure, David C. Linehan. Role of inflammatory monocyte mobilization in metastatic pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B60.
Board involvement in strategy and organisational performance

In firms where oversight by a regulatory body within the industry exists and where new core competencies must be developed to offset aggressive competition, there is evidence that a larger role for...
Brain Plasticity: When the Feet and Mouth Replace the Hand

Cortex plasticity after hand amputation is considered harmful, causing phantom limb pain. A new study shows that cortical overtake can occur instead in a compensatory manner in people born with one hand, for multiple body parts used to overcome disability.
Advanced Thread Synchronization for Multithreaded MPI Implementations

Concurrent multithreaded access to the Message Passing Interface (MPI) is gaining importance to support emerging hybrid MPI applications. The interoperability between threads and MPI, however, is complex and renders efficient implementations nontrivial. Prior studies showed that threads waiting for communication progress (waiting threads) often interfere with others (active threads) and degrade their progress. This situation occurs when both classes of threads compete for the same MPI resource and ownership passing to waiting threads does not guarantee communication to advance. The best-known practical solution prioritizes active threads and adapts first-in-first-out arbitration within each class. This approach, however, suffers from residual wasted resource acquisitions (waste) and ignores data locality, thus resulting in poor scalability. In this work, we propose thread synchronization improvements to eliminate waste while preserving data locality in a production MPI implementation. First, we leverage MPI knowledge and a fast synchronization method to eliminate waste and accelerate progress. Second, we rely on a cooperative progress model that dynamically elects and restricts a single waiting thread to drive a communication context for improved data locality. Third, we prioritize active threads and synchronize them with a locality-preserving lock that is hierarchical and exploits unbounded bias for high throughput. Results show significant improvement in synthetic microbenchmarks and two MPI+OpenMP applications.
Compound‐specific amino acid δ15N values in archaeological shell: Assessing diagenetic integrity and potential for isotopic baseline reconstruction

RATIONALE Reconstructing stable isotope (SI) ratios at the base of paleo-food webs is often challenging. For coastal systems, the SI ratios of organic matter in archeological shell represent a possible solution, providing a direct record of primary consumer SI ratios in the littoral zone. However, shell is often porous, with organic compounds being susceptible to diagenetic alteration or contamination. If molecular isotopic information is well preserved, compound-specific amino acid isotope analysis (CSI-AA) has the potential to provide direct proxies for baseline SI ratios, bypass many contamination issues, and allow assessment of the diagenetic state. METHODS We collected shell from both archeological middens and nearby littoral zones in coastal Alaska, and used a simple organic extraction approach based on decalcification with sequential weak HCL additions to liberate organic material. We measured CSI-AA patterns, molar AA distributions, and the CSI-AA degradation parameter (ΣV), in the context of bulk SI ratios in fossil shell, modern shell, and soft tissue from five common taxa (urchin, limpet, mussel, periwinkle, chiton). RESULTS CSI-AA patterns in both soft tissue and shell were consistent with primary consumers, and were indistinguishable in most modern and fossil shell pairs, showing that amino acid δ15N values can be well preserved in archeological shell. AA molar distributions were also similar, although most fossil shell was enriched in Asx and Gly. Comparison between CSI-AA results from modern specimens confirmed that source AA groups (tracking isotopic baselines) are transferred without substantial modification into the shell record. In contrast, the trophic AA group had elevated δ15N values in shell versus soft tissue for all taxa examined, suggesting that a correction will be required for any CSI-AA proxies using these AAs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this new data indicates that the CSI-AA analysis of fossil shell represents a promising new approach to determining isotopic baselines in coastal paleo-ecosystems.
Comparison of Internet and Telephone Interventions for Weight Loss Among Cancer Survivors: Randomized Controlled Trial and Feasibility Study.

Background: Weight loss interventions have been successfully delivered via several modalities, but recent research has focused on more disseminable and sustainable means such as telephone- or Internet-based platforms. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare an Internet-delivered weight loss intervention to a comparable telephone-delivered weight loss intervention. Methods: This randomized pilot study examined the effects of 6-month telephone- and Internet-delivered social cognitive theory–based weight loss interventions among 37 cancer survivors. Measures of body composition, physical activity, diet, and physical performance were the outcomes of interest. Results: Participants in the telephone intervention (n=13) showed greater decreases in waist circumference (–0.75 cm for telephone vs –0.09 cm for Internet, P=.03) than the Internet condition (n=24), and several other outcomes trended in the same direction. Measures of engagement (eg, number of telephone sessions completed and number of log-ins) suggest differences between groups which may account for the difference in outcomes. Conclusions: Cancer survivors in the telephone group evidenced better health outcomes than the Internet group. Group differences may be due to higher engagement in the telephone group. Incorporating a telephone-based component into existing weight loss programs for cancer survivors may help enhance the reach of the intervention while minimizing costs. More research is needed on how to combine Internet and telephone weight loss intervention components so as to maximize engagement and outcomes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01311856; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01311856 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6tKdklShY) [JMIR Cancer 2017;3(2):e16]
The Spiral and the Lattice: Changes in Cognitive Learning Theory with Implications for Art Education

Recent views of learning and cognition are contrasted with the cognitive learning theories of the late 1950s and early 1960s. In particular, Bruner's ideas are contrasted with current theoretical efforts. Bruner's ideas led to what he termed the spiral curriculum, a representation of cognitive structures based on the notion of hierarchy, in which early learning provides the foundation for later learning. Current cognitive views, though still indebted to Bruner, differ markedly, suggesting that a sufficient base of knowledge must be in place before advanced knowledge acquisition is fruitful. Earlier cognitive theories had a developmental focus while current theory and research examines the cognitive basis for expertise within specific domains of knowledge. Current work also studies the conditions that may impede learning or foster the formation of misconceptions. In this paper a curricular model is discussed as a lattice-like structure, inviting differing paths of exploration. The model describes changes i...
A Pulseless Extremity Following an Apparently Nondisplaced Proximal Humeral Physeal Fracture: A Case Report.

This case report describes a pediatric physeal fracture that was notable because axillary artery entrapment developed as a result of a Salter-Harris type-II fracture of the proximal part of the humerus even though the fracture appeared to be nondisplaced on radiographs. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this type of injury in the English-language literature; it highlights the need for careful neurovascular examination of all patients with fractures, even those that appear to be minimally displaced or nondisplaced. The patient and her parent were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and consent was provided in accordance with the requirements of our institutional review board. A nine-year-old, otherwise healthy, right-hand-dominant girl presented to the emergency department after evaluation in an urgent care center with the symptom of “inability to feel” or move the left arm following a fall while doing cartwheels. She described falling in an “odd way” and feeling immediate pain in the left shoulder. She had a pulseless and cool left upper extremity. She was transferred to our children’s hospital for additional evaluation and treatment. No radiographs had been taken at the urgent care center. On arrival at the children’s hospital, approximately four hours after injury, the patient had regained some subjective sensation in the arm; however, the extremity remained pulseless. The hand was cool to the touch, and the capillary refill was three seconds in all digits. Doppler ultrasound showed that pulses were absent distal to the axilla in the left arm. Radiographs of the affected shoulder and humerus were initially interpreted as normal in the emergency department. A vascular surgery consultation was obtained. Angiography of the left upper extremity showed complete interruption of blood flow of the axillary artery at the level of the axilla (Fig. 1). When …
Optimization of Photosynthetic Productivity in Contrasting Environments by Regulons Controlling Plant Form and Function.

We review the role of a family of transcription factors and their regulons in maintaining high photosynthetic performance across a range of challenging environments with a focus on extreme temperatures and water availability. Specifically, these transcription factors include CBFs (C-repeat binding factors) and DREBs (dehydration-responsive element-binding), with CBF/DREB1 primarily orchestrating cold adaptation and other DREBs serving in heat, drought, and salinity adaptation. The central role of these modulators in plant performance under challenging environments is based on (i) interweaving of these regulators with other key signaling networks (plant hormones and redox signals) as well as (ii) their function in integrating responses across the whole plant, from light-harvesting and sugar-production in the leaf to foliar sugar export and water import and on to the plant’s sugar-consuming sinks (growth, storage, and reproduction). The example of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes from geographic origins with contrasting climates is used to describe the links between natural genetic variation in CBF transcription factors and the differential acclimation of plant anatomical and functional features needed to support superior photosynthetic performance in contrasting environments. Emphasis is placed on considering different temperature environments (hot versus cold) and light environments (limiting versus high light), on trade-offs between adaptations to contrasting environments, and on plant lines minimizing such trade-offs.
Online readiness assessment for Smoke- and Tobacco-free campus policies.

Objective Develop and test an online survey to assess campus readiness to adopt smoke- and tobacco-free (SF/TF) policies. Participants Key informants (N = 18) at four campuses in Kentucky without a SF/TF policy recruited April 2015. Methods Cross-sectional design. The survey assessed six dimensions: knowledge about SF/TF policies; leadership for campus policy; resources for policy development; campus climate surrounding tobacco issues; existing tobacco policies; and political climate for campus policy development. Dimension raw scores were rescaled to range from 0-1 and summed to determine overall stage of readiness (0-6). Results Political climate was highest dimension across all campuses (0.83-1.0). Knowledge dimension ranked lowest (0.0-0.50). Overall readiness scores ranged from 2.53-3.94; two campuses in preplanning and two in preparation. Conclusions Development of the online measure is timely considering the impetus to implement SF/TF policies. Findings reinforce that campuses are at varying stages of implementing these policies, and stage-based interventions are necessary.
Dietary Fiber, C-Reactive Protein, and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among U.S. Adults

Abstract Background: Some evidence suggests an inverse association between increased fiber intake and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, few studies have examined the associations among CRP, dietary fiber, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: Sample (n = 8372) included adults (≥20 years of age) who participated in the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Tertiles of reported fiber intake were created. The dependent variable was elevated CRP (>3–10 mg/L). Logistic regression models were stratified by LTPA participation and adjusted for age, gender, race, waist circumference (WC), and standing height. Results: In adults reporting any volume of LTPA participation, increased fiber intake was significantly (P < 0.05 for the upper tertile of fiber intake) associated with lower odds of having an elevated CRP concentration when compared with the lowest tertile. Similar associations were not revealed in analyses limited to a...
Isomorphism of Population Models

Population models are represented as measure preserving transformations and characterized by the entropy of these transformations. Isomorphism invariants of these mappings are discussed and an upper bound for the entropy of a population model is derived.
High-Volume Teleradiology Service: Focus on Radiologist and Patient Satisfaction

Increased display luminance, use of a P45 (rather than a P104) phosphor in the cathode ray tube monitor faceplate, and a perceptually linearized display lead to better diagnostic accuracy and more efficient visual search. For radiology as well as teleradiology, the viewing workstation is crucial. Spending long hours viewing very large data sets on computer screens may result in visual fatigue or computer vision syndrome among radiologists, leading to dissatisfaction among them. Teleradiology, telepathology, and teleoncology together can be used to reduce the waiting times for breast cancer patients to receive definitive care and increase significant patient satisfaction and general peace of mind.
D- Centers in Semiconductors in High Magnetic Fields

This paper describes variational studies of bound states of the D- ion, a shallow donor with an extra electron attached, in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field. 0f special interest is the calculation of the binding energy of a given state of the D¯, by which is here meant the least amount of energy required to remove one of the electrons from the D- ion in that state without flipping a spin. Taking away an electron converts the D- to a neutral donor plus a distant electron. For the purposes of our calculations the donor is assumed left in its ground state in the magnetic field, the distant electron in its lowest Landau level.
Existence of Generators and Differentiability of Evolutions

Let U(t,s) be a continuous contractive evolution acting in R N . Under the sup-norm ‖·‖ -norm topologies, U(t, s) is necessarily differentiable a.e. Under other topologies on R N , e.g. Euclidean, U(t,s) may be nowhere differentiable.
Hydrodiplomacy and Dispute Resolution in Private Water Resources Conflicts

The last 20 to 30 years are characterized by significant changes in the planning, design, and management of water resources all over the planet. Mounting concerns about the environmental impacts of human activities, potential climatic shifts, expanding populations and demands as well as new knowledge are all expressions of the pressing need to develop alternative institutional schemes for managing in an integrated manner scarce natural resources. Many nations and regions have increasingly been turning attention to both streamlining existing administrative mechanisms and to introducing innovative institutional arrangements with regard to quantitative and qualitative aspects of their water resources. At the same time, the political significance of water becomes most important not only because of its scarcity in densely populated regions, but also because of its sharing across national boundaries.
Rat liver and hepatoma polysome-membrane interaction invitro

Abstract Ultrastructural studies of rat liver have shown that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of at least two forms, the rough form, composed of membranes with ribosomes attached to their surface, and the smooth form, composed only of membranous vesicles of various sizes ( Palade and Siekevitz, 1956 ). By means of isopycnic sucrose gradients it is possible to separate rough and smooth ER ( Rothschild, 1961 ). Furthermore by use of chelating agents, one can remove many of the ribosomes attached to the surface of the membranes of the rough ER ( Sachs, 1958 , Vogt, 1960 ). On the other hand, by the use of detergents and discontinuous gradients, operational separation of “free” and “bound” polysomes and ribosomes may be accomplished ( Webb, et al . , 1964 ). Webb et al . (1965) have reported that the proportion of free and bound polysomes is quite different in most hepatomas when compared with normal liver in vivo . The present communication describes experiments on the recombination in vitro of polysomes and ER membranes isolated from liver and hepatoma.
Vancomycin plus nafcillin salvage for the treatment of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia following daptomycin failure: a case report and literature review:

Background:Evidence supporting beta-lactam plus vancomycin synergy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to grow. Current in vivo evidence demonstrates that combination t...
Support Condition and Traffic Loading Patterns Influencing Laboratory Determination of Under Ballast Mat Bedding Modulus and Insertion Loss

In recent years, noise and vibration concerns have grown as environmental regulations and requirements impose greater responsibilities on infrastructure owners. Under ballast mats, rubber elastomer...
Protein Kinase N1 control of androgen-responsive serum response factor action provides rationale for novel prostate cancer treatment strategy.

Sustained reliance on androgen receptor (AR) after failure of AR-targeting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prevents effective treatment of castration-recurrent (CR) prostate cancer (CaP). Interfering with the molecular machinery by which AR drives CaP progression may be an alternative therapeutic strategy but its feasibility remains to be tested. Here, we explore targeting the mechanism by which AR, via RhoA, conveys androgen-responsiveness to serum response factor (SRF), which controls aggressive CaP behavior and is maintained in CR-CaP. Following a siRNA screen and candidate gene approach, RNA-Seq studies confirmed that the RhoA effector Protein Kinase N1 (PKN1) transduces androgen-responsiveness to SRF. Androgen treatment induced SRF-PKN1 interaction, and PKN1 knockdown or overexpression severely impaired or stimulated, respectively, androgen regulation of SRF target genes. PKN1 overexpression occurred during clinical CR-CaP progression, and hastened CaP growth and shortened CR-CaP survival in orthotopic CaP xenografts. PKN1’s effects on SRF relied on its kinase domain. The multikinase inhibitor lestaurtinib inhibited PKN1 action and preferentially affected androgen regulation of SRF over direct AR target genes. In a CR-CaP patient-derived xenograft, expression of SRF target genes was maintained while AR target gene expression declined and proliferative gene expression increased. PKN1 inhibition decreased viability of CaP cells before and after ADT. In patient-derived CaP explants, lestaurtinib increased AR target gene expression but did not significantly alter SRF target gene or proliferative gene expression. These results provide proof-of-principle for selective forms of ADT that preferentially target different fractions of AR’s transcriptional output to inhibit CaP growth.
Classifying Human Development with Latent Class Analysis

We use latent class analysis to create an indicator of human development that integrates a broad range of country characteristics including per capita income, health, inequality, environmental performance, and life satisfaction. We show that each of these characteristics is important in distinguishing across development experiences. Because latent class analysis is model-based and allows us to test the significance of each aspect of development and the number and size of the groupings, this approach is superior to an index that divide countries into ad hoc equally-sized groups. Our results suggest that income per capita does not, by itself, capture all of the important dimensions of development and that a rank-ordering of development experiences may not always be appropriate.