cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear interactions in strained axisymmetric high-Reynolds-number turbulence

We present measurements, over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (0.4. We also show that single-point turbulence models are inadequate to describe the relaxation of the turbulence towards an isotropic state in the postcontraction region.
Influence of Peripheral Artery Disease and Statin Therapy on Apolipoprotein Profiles

Apolipoprotein B is a stronger predictor of myocardial infarction than LDL cholesterol, and it is inversely related to physical activity and modifiable with exercise training. As such, apolipoprotein measures may be of particular relevance for subjects with PAD and claudication. We compared plasma apolipoprotein profiles in 29 subjects with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication and in 39 control subjects. Furthermore, we compared the plasma apolipoprotein profiles of subjects with PAD either treated (n = 17) or untreated (n = 12) with statin medications. For the apolipoprotein subparticle analyses, subjects with PAD had higher age-adjusted Lp-B:C (P < 0.05) and lower values of Lp-A-I:A-II (P < 0.05) than controls. The PAD group taking statins had lower age-adjusted values for apoB (P < 0.05), Lp-A-II:B:C:D:E (P < 0.05), Lp-B:E + Lp-B:C:E (P < 0.05), Lp-B:C (P < 0.05), and Lp-A-I (P < 0.05) than the untreated PAD group. Subjects with PAD have impaired apolipoprotein profiles than controls, characterized by Lp-B:C and Lp-A-I:A-II. Furthermore, subjects with PAD on statin medications have a more favorable risk profile, particularly noted in multiple apolipoprotein subparticles. The efficacy of statin therapy to improve cardiovascular risk appears more evident in the apolipoprotein sub-particle profile than in the more traditional lipid profile of subjects with PAD and claudication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00618670.
An Analysis of Lateral Crural Repositioning and Its Effect on Alar Rim Position.

IMPORTANCE Cephalically malpositioned lateral crura are a frequent cause of alar rim retraction during both primary and revision rhinoplasty. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the efficacy of lateral crural repositioning as an isolated maneuver as and combined with adjunctive grafts for lowering the alar rim. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From August through December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 54 patients (102 hemi-noses) who had lateral crural repositioning performed by the same surgeon between 2007 and 2013. Only patients with standardized photographs taken preoperatively and at least 6 months postoperatively were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS All primary and revision cases were completed via an open rhinoplasty approach and had lateral crural repositioning performed. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Preoperative and postoperative photographs were compared using Adobe Photoshop CS via a modified Gunter technique to measure the degree of alar rim retraction on lateral views. The change in angle was then calculated, and statistical analysis conducted using a paired t test. RESULTS A total of 54 patients (102 hemi-noses) met inclusion criteria; 42 (79%) were women, and the average patient age was 41.3 years. Forty-five (83%) of the cases were revision rhinoplasties, and the average time to obtaining postoperative photographs was 11.3 months. The mean (SD) anterior nostril apex angles preoperatively (31.3° [8.9°]) and postoperatively (24.5° [6.8°]) indicated a net decrease of 6.8° (P < .001). Excluding patients who had other rim-lowering grafts (alar rim and/or composite grafts), we saw a similar result comparing preoperative (31.1° [8.2°]) and postoperative (24.5° [6.7°]) angles, with a net decrease of 6.6° degrees (P < .001). When examining patients who underwent lateral crural repositioning alone compared with those who also had lateral crural strut grafts, we saw a decrease of 6.9° (P < .001) and 6.7° degrees (P < .001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Repositioning of the lower lateral cartilages results in a statistically significant lowering of the alar rim. Our data suggest that when combined with lateral crural repositioning, the addition of adjunctive grafts does not add significantly to the rim-lowering effect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health from Population-Based Research to Practice-Based Research: The Example of Oral Health

Oral health serves as an excellent model for understanding social disparities in health. Associations among race, socioeconomic status, oral health, and dental care are strong. Multiple points along the dental care process allow investigation of disparities and mechanisms; and there are multiple types of treatment services (ranging from those that all patients and clinicians would likely agree on, to multiple treatment options, to discretionary treatments). Florida Dental Care Study (FDCS) data are used to provide examples of these concepts. Without regard to whether the dental care system was ultimately entered, the FDCS found substantive social differences in 1) incidence of need; 2) responsiveness to this need; and 3) propensity to seek preventive services. Once the dental care system had been accessed, substantive social differences were still evident with regard to 1) clinical condition; 2) awareness of treatment options; and 3) treatment discussions and recommendations. Once differences in clinical condition were taken into account, and once analysis was limited to persons who had entered the dental care system, social differences in receipt of care were still evident. Findings suggested that although dental care was effective at treating and preventing certain oral conditions, social differences in treatment effectiveness were evident.
Towards a predictive model of chromatin 3D organization

Architectural proteins mediate interactions between distant regions in the genome to bring together different regulatory elements while establishing a specific three-dimensional organization of the genetic material. Depletion of specific architectural proteins leads to miss regulation of gene expression and alterations in nuclear organization. The specificity of interactions mediated by architectural proteins depends on the nature, number, and orientation of their binding site at individual genomic locations. Knowledge of the mechanisms and rules governing interactions among architectural proteins may provide a code to predict the 3D organization of the genome.
Property, Privacy and the Pursuit of Integrated Electronic Medical Records

Who owns a patient's medical information? The patient, the provider, or the insurer? All of the above? None of the above? In the emerging era of electronic medical records, no other legal question is more critical, more contested, or more poorly understood. Ownership was never much in doubt in an age of paper-based records, but now that information content can be easily digitized and freed from any particular storage medium, confusion reigns. How this issue is resolved can have huge impacts on how or whether massive anticipated developments in electronic and personal health records will take shape. The respective property rights of patients, providers and insurers will strongly influence, if not determine, what form of electronic health informatics ends up predominating. And, whether rights to access and use medical information can be commercialized may determine whether effective, comprehensive medical information networks can emerge at all, absent overt government mandate. This paper analyzes optimal property rights in medical information from the perspective of network economics. It proposes that patients be allowed to monetize their access and control rights by assigning them to a trusted intermediary who may then place these rights in a stream of commerce that determines their value and best use. The funds generated can then be distributed both to patients and providers to encourage their adoption and use of interconnected electronic records.
Normal Development and Regression of the Prostate Gland of the Female Rat.

ConclusionsIn some young normal female rats, as in young castrated males, the prostate grows, develops large acini, high epithelium and light areas diagnostic of a secretory state. In both, the prostate differentiation is maintained only until about 40 days when regression begins. The factor causing this temporary differentiation is thought to be the juvenile cortex of the adrenal.
Green Distributed Storage Using Energy Harvesting Nodes

We consider a distributed storage system where data storage nodes are equipped with energy harvesting transmitters. In particular, $F$ files are stored over $n$ storage nodes using regenerating codes. The main operations of the distributed storage system are serving the file requests of data collectors and repairing the content of storage nodes that fail or leave the system. Each operation has an associated energy expenditure. Under the intermittent energy arrival profile, we study the problem of maximizing the number of retrieved files given a deadline. Additionally, we consider the problem of minimizing the repair time of a failed node. Both optimization problems turn out to be equivalent to binary programs, for which we provide a tractable solution in two steps. First, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions on the harvested energy that ascertain the feasibility of retrieving (repairing) $M$ files in $T$ time slots. Using these conditions, we develop two algorithms that reduce the formulated optimization problems to a single feasibility problem. Then, we solve the feasibility problem using forward and backward algorithms. Additionally, we study the online setup where only causal knowledge of energy arrivals is available at the network nodes. We present numerical results on the short and long term performance of the system operations under the proposed algorithms.
Bullying as an Expression of Intolerant Schemas

The purpose of this study was to assess students’ (N = 186) retrospective accounts of their bullying behaviors (in middle and high school), alongside their current, self-admitted intolerant schemas. Amidst intolerant schemas of sexism, ageism, classism, racism, religious intolerance, and sexual prejudice, all were correlated positively with the victimization of others in school (i.e., relational-verbal bullying, cyberbullying, physical bullying, culture-based bullying). Sexism yielded the strongest associations with bullying, and classism yielded the weakest. Men were more likely to report intolerant schemas and bullying. These findings add to existent theories connecting the cognitive and communicative manifestations of prejudice.
K+ATP channels and adenosine are not necessary for coronary autoregulation

Autoregulation is defined as the intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain constant flow in the face of changing perfusion pressure. The present study evaluated the role of several potential mediators of coronary autoregulation: interstitial adenosine, ATP-sensitive K+ (K+ATP) channels, and myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions as reflected by coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. The left main coronary artery was cannulated, and blood was perfused at controlled pressures in closed-chest dogs. Interstitial adenosine concentration was estimated from arterial and venous adenosine concentrations with a previously described mathematical model. Autoregulation of coronary blood flow was observed between 100 and 60 mmHg. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of K+ATP channels, reduced coronary blood flow by 19% at each perfusion pressure, but autoregulation was preserved. After stepwise reductions in coronary pressure to values > or = 70 mmHg, adenosine concentrations did not increase above basal levels. Adenosine concentration was elevated at 60 mmHg, suggesting a role for adenosine at the limit of coronary autoregulation. Adenosine is not required because glibenclamide, an inhibitor of adenosine-mediated vasodilation, did not reduce autoregulation or increase adenosine concentration. Coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were little changed during autoregulation before the inhibition of K+ATP channels and adenosine vasodilation with glibenclamide. However, coronary venous carbon dioxide tension rose progressively with decreasing coronary pressure after glibenclamide. The increase in carbon dioxide indirectly suggests that carbon dioxide-mediated vasodilation compensated for the loss of K+ATP-channel function. In summary, neither K+ATP channels nor adenosine is necessary to maintain coronary flow in the autoregulatory range of coronary arterial pressure from 100 to 60 mmHg.
Effects of early surgical decompression on functional and histological outcomes after severe experimental thoracic spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE In acute traumatic brain injury, decompressive craniectomy is a common treatment that involves the removal of bone from the cranium to relieve intracranial pressure. The present study investigated whether neurological function following a severe spinal cord injury improves after utilizing either a durotomy to decompress the intradural space and/or a duraplasty to maintain proper flow of cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS Sixty-four adult female rats (n = 64) were randomly assigned to receive either a 3- or 5-level decompressive laminectomy (Groups A and B), laminectomy + durotomy (Groups C and D), or laminectomy + duraplasty with graft (Group E and F) at 24 hours following a severe thoracic contusion injury (200 kilodynes). Duraplasty involved the use of DuraSeal, a hydrogel dural sealant. Uninjured and injured control groups were included (Groups G, H). Hindlimb locomotor function was assessed by open field locomotor testing (BBB) and CatWalk gait analysis at 35 days postinjury. Bladder function was ...
Imaging of head and neck cancers

Head and neck cancers (HNC) include a variety of neoplasms that are traditionally associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients with these malignancies, of which squamous cell cancer is the most common, require a multidisciplinary approach to determine optimal treatment and follow-up. Treatment depends on TNM staging, which is determined using a combination of objective findings including physical examination, endoscopies, and importantly cross-sectional imaging. CT and MR imaging are the mainstays of cross-sectional imaging and are used extensively to stage and characterize these tumors. The goals of appropriate imaging is to establish the extent and size of tumor, assess nodal disease in the neck, look for perineural spread, distinguish tumor recurrence from postoperative- or postradiation-related changes, and monitor response to treatment. Cross-sectional imaging supplements and complements anatomic and pathologic changes of the neck.
Family planning service provision in rural areas: a survey in Washington State

Context Women in rural areas are highly dependent on public clinics for family planning services, yet little information has been collected on rural family planning providers, especially on their funding and operation. Methods All 31 family planning clinic sites in rural Washington State were surveyed about their sponsorship, staffing, service provision and population coverage. Results Clinic sites were located in 25 of the 53 discrete rural health service areas of Washington State. While the three wealthiest areas had clinics, eight of the poorest areas had no clinics. Eight clinics were Planned Parenthood affiliates, eight were private freestanding clinics and 15 were local health department sites. Clinic sites were small (with the equivalent of 2.4 full-time staff members, on average) and offered a mean of 18 of 43 potential reproductive and women's health care services; general primary care services were rarely provided. Only one clinic offered abortions. Conclusion Family planning clinics in rural Washington State offer an important but limited number of services. Many rural areas have no local family planning clinic. Given these clinics' reliance on federal and state funding, decreased public support might seriously impair family planning provision in rural areas.
GMP-ing to Spatial Conclusions about Emergency and Leukemic Myelopoiesis

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) form mature blood cells of all lineages through expansion of lineage-biased progenitors. In a recent issue of Nature, Herault et al. (2017) uncover a unique spatiotemporal mechanism of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) employed in emergency hematopoiesis that is also hijacked in leukemia.
Gender Impact on 30-Day Readmissions After Hospitalization With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock (from the 2013 to 2014 National Readmissions Database)

Previous studies have suggested that women are more likely to have increased risk of readmissions after acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, this difference has not been examined in the setting of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. Thus, we aimed to compare 30-day readmissions in women versus men initially admitted with AMI complicated with cardiogenic shock. In this observational study, we used the Nationwide Readmissions Databases years 2013 and 2014 to identify subjects who were initially hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, and discharged alive. The 30-day readmission rates between women and men were compared using a multivariate Cox regression model adjusting for variable co-morbidities, as well as a propensity-matched analysis. Of 1,116,933 patients who had AMI, 39,807 (3.6%) had cardiogenic shock and were discharged alive. The rates of in-hospital procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and intra-aortic balloon placement were less frequent in women. Thirty-day readmissions were higher in women (20.7%) than in men (17.6%), after adjustment for various co-morbidities (hazards ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.19, p = 0.04), and in the propensity-matched analysis (hazards ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.21, p = 0.04). In conclusion, women are at a higher risk of 30-day readmissions after AMI complicated with cardiogenic shock.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors for Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Tetralogy of Fallot: Quo Vadis?

Article, see p 1463 Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, occurring in 1 in ≈2500 births and comprising ≈6% of all forms of critical congenital heart disease. Named for Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot, who described the blue malady in 1888, the classic tetralogy consists of a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary outflow tract obstruction, aortic overriding, and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy.1 After repair, RV dilation and dysfunction may be produced, in part, by ischemia-reperfusion injury, surgical scarring, RV volume overload from pulmonary regurgitation, and residual RV outflow obstruction. Pulmonary valve replacement has not been shown to improve RV function, arrhythmias, or other outcomes, despite improving pulmonary regurgitation and reducing RV volumes.2 In an attempt to halt or reverse the progression from compensated RV function to RV failure, treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors has crept into the practice of treatment of adults with TOF and other congenital heart defects associated with RV dysfunction. However, little is known about the RV molecular response to stress and its progression from a compensated state to failure.3 Standard left ventricular heart failure drugs (eg, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs]) have shown mixed results in their ability to improve function or survival in patients with systemic RV failure in the setting of congenital heart disease,4–7 suggesting fundamental differences in the mechanisms of right versus left ventricular failure. Changes in shape, structure, and loading conditions between the right and left ventricles were once thought to be the primary reason for these differences.8 However, it is now appreciated that the right and left ventricle diverge early in development, before afterload differences become operative. The first and second heart fields lead …
Portable Efficient Solvers for Adaptive Finite Element Simulations of Elastostatics in Two and Three Dimensions

Adaptive finite element methods (FEM), generate linear equation systems that require dynamic and irregular patterns of data storage, access and computation, making their parallelization very difficult. Moreover, constantly evolving computer architectures often require new algorithms altogether. We describe here several solvers for solving such systems efficiently in two and three dimensions on multiple parallel architectures.
Green’s Functions for Partial Differential Equations

So far, we have considered Green’s functions only for ordinary differential equations, i.e., in one-dimensional problems. However, Green’s functions are useful for multidimensional spaces and general curvilinear coordinates as well as Cartesian coordinates. Thus an inverse operator can be defined for a partial differential operator as well as an ordinary differential operator. The Green’s function will again satisfy the given differential equation with a (now multidimensional) δ function as the forcing function. Let’s consider what is to be meant by a multidimensional δ function.
Rhombic tilings of (n,k)-Ovals, (n,k,λ)-cyclic difference sets, and related topics

Abstract Each fixed integer n has associated with it ⌊ n 2 ⌋ rhombs: ρ 1 , ρ 2 , … , ρ ⌊ n 2 ⌋ , where, for each 1 ≤ h ≤ ⌊ n 2 ⌋ , rhomb ρ h is a parallelogram with all sides of unit length and with smaller face angle equal to h × π n radians. An Oval is a centro-symmetric convex polygon all of whose sides are of unit length, and each of whose turning angles equals l × π n for some positive integer l . A ( n , k ) -Oval is an Oval with 2 k sides tiled with rhombs ρ 1 , ρ 2 , … , ρ ⌊ n 2 ⌋ ; it is defined by its Turning Angle Index Sequence, a k -composition of n . For any fixed pair ( n , k ) we count and generate all ( n , k ) -Ovals up to translations and rotations, and, using multipliers, we count and generate all ( n , k ) -Ovals up to congruency. For odd n if a ( n , k ) -Oval contains a fixed number λ of each type of rhomb ρ 1 , ρ 2 , … , ρ ⌊ n 2 ⌋ then it is called a magic ( n , k , λ ) -Oval. We prove that a magic ( n , k , λ ) -Oval is equivalent to a ( n , k , λ ) -Cyclic Difference Set. For even n we prove a similar result. Using tables of Cyclic Difference Sets we find all magic ( n , k , λ ) -Ovals up to congruency for n ≤ 40 . Many related topics including lists of ( n , k ) -Ovals, partitions of the regular 2 n -gon into Ovals, Cyclic Difference Families, partitions of triangle numbers, u -equivalence of ( n , k ) -Ovals, etc., are also considered.
The Aging Male and Impact on Offspring

Advancing age is known to severely affect female fertility with correlations to increased spontaneous abortions, chromosomal defects in offspring, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction. In contrast, the effect of advanced paternal age has received far less attention. This is likely a result of the absence of such striking effects compared with those associated with maternal aging. Nevertheless, recent data suggesting an association between advanced paternal age and neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring have increased the attention given to the effects of paternal age on sperm quality and to offspring health and disease susceptibility. We have learned from many recent studies that paternal aging does significantly affect fecundity in males through declines in semen parameters and increases in genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. The identification of these risks and their coverage in popular media require that physicians are well versed in the data and are able to communicate the relative risks of paternal aging on offspring health in addition to interpreting the absolute risk of these abnormalities to concerned patients. This chapter will review the current literature regarding male age-associated changes to semen parameters and the effects of advanced paternal age on offspring disease risk. We will also attempt to put these risks into clinical context.
Confronting School’s Contradictions With Video: Youth’s Need of Agency for Ontological Development

A basic contradiction in education is that while education and guidance from people with more knowledge is necessary for the development of higher psychological functioning, the constraints imposed on student activity often become a hindrance to development. This contradiction is revealed in how youth participate in video production programs and becomes analyzable because video production brings the conflict to the surface. During video production, students often act with greater agency than they do in other school activities. This shift evokes the agency|structure dialectic as the root of tensions surrounding authority, collaboration, and youth cultures. Based on data from five programs, a comparison of different cases demonstrates how schools damage motivation and initiative, neglect to connect with students and their worlds, and teach passivity while emphasizing an individualistic conception of human activity. New understandings of agency and its connections to the individual|social dialectic are urged. Based on a Vygotskian concept of development as overcoming contradictions, the relationships youth have within school are viewed as an essential part of development, requiring a theoretical shift from individualistic ideas of agency and a clearer connection between youth problems and societal contradictions.
Indeterminate fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: identification of subgroups at high risk for invasive carcinoma.

BACKGROUND We examined the various cytologic features of indeterminate thyroid fine-needle aspirates along with known clinical and radiologic risk factors to determine whether any parameters were predictive of malignancy. METHODS Indeterminate fine-needle aspirates were prospectively categorized into four subgroups: (1) suspicious for papillary carcinoma, (2) follicular neoplasm, (3) Hurthle cell neoplasm, and (4) hypercellular follicular aspirates with colloid. Several clinical risk factors were examined, and subgroup comparisons were performed with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Of 571 fine-needle aspirate cytologic findings 104 were interpreted as indeterminate for malignancy, and 81 patients underwent thyroidectomy. Invasive cancer was diagnosed in 9 of 10 lesions cytologically suspicious for papillary carcinoma, 8 of 43 follicular neoplasms, 5 of 18 Hurthle cell neoplasms, and 0 of 10 hypercellular aspirates. Cytologic subgroup (p < 0.0001) and age of 50 years or older (p = 0.008) were the only significant predictors of malignancy. When used together, age of 50 years or older and a cytologic diagnosis of follicular or Hurthle cell neoplasm also identified a subgroup of patients at high risk (9 of 20) of invasive malignancy (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The majority of invasive cancers (18 of 22, 82%) were found in patients whose lesions were suspicious for papillary carcinoma or in patients 50 years or older with follicular or Hurthle cell neoplasms. The risk of carcinoma in these combined subgroups (18 of 30, 60%) warrants early surgical intervention.
Cross-genetic determination of maternal and neonatal immune mediators during pregnancy

The immune system plays a fundamental role in development during pregnancy and early life. Alterations in circulating maternal and neonatal immune mediators have been associated with pregnancy complications as well as susceptibility to autoimmune and neurodevelopmental conditions in later life. Evidence suggests that the immune system in adults not only responds to environmental stimulation but is also under strong genetic control. This is the first genetic study of > 700 mother-infant pairs to analyse the circulating levels of 22 maternal mid-gestational serum-derived and 42 neonatal bloodspot-derived immune mediators (cytokines/chemokines) in the context of maternal and fetal genotype. We first estimated the maternal and fetal genome-wide SNP-based heritability (h2g) for each immune molecule and then performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify specific loci contributing to individual immune mediators. Finally, we assessed the relationship between genetic immune determinants and ASD outcome. We show maternal and neonatal cytokines/chemokines displaying genetic regulation using independent methodologies. We demonstrate that novel fetal loci for immune function independently affect the physiological levels of maternal immune mediators and vice versa. The cross-associated loci are in distinct genomic regions compared with individual-specific immune mediator loci. Finally, we observed an interaction between increased IL-8 levels at birth, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) status, and a specific maternal genotype. Our results suggest that maternal and fetal genetic variation influences the immune system during pregnancy and at birth via distinct mechanisms and that a better understanding of immune factor determinants in early development may shed light on risk factors for developmental disorders.
The Data We Need for Holistic Admissions.

• As predictors of the capacity to conduct the creative work of academic study or to succeed in the wide range of desired paths in post-college walks of life, the SAT and ACT assess only one narrow...
Analysis of oxygen-18 labeled phosphate to study positional isotope experiments using LC-QTOF-MS

Abstract A method is proposed in this paper for the determination of oxygen-18 labeled phosphate so that positional isotope experiments using sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography–QTOF–mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) experiments can be carried out. The positional isotope exchange technique is a useful tool in understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Detection of the positions and concentration of these exchanged isotopes is the key. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging are commonly used analytical techniques for measurement of 18O/16O, 31P and 15N isotope enrichment. Since these techniques either require a time-consuming derivatization step or have a limited sensitivity, an LC and accurate mass-based method for monitoring 18O/16O exchange was developed and compared with a standard GC-MS method. Our results showed that the LC-QTOF-MS method developed was not only as accurate as the standard GC-MS method, but also a sensitive and robust analytical platform for the simultaneous determination of isotope enrichment and the analysis of positional isotopes without chemical derivation. The LC-QTOF-MS method developed was successfully applied to the measurement of 18O/16O in the reversibility study of ATP hydrolysis by Lon proteases.
Canonical Polyadic Decomposition of a Tensor That Has Missing Fibers: A Monomial Factorization Approach

The Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) is one of the most basic tensor models used in signal processing and machine learning. Despite its wide applicability, identifiability conditions and algorithms for CPD in cases where the tensor is incomplete are lagging behind its practical use. We first present a tensor-based framework for bilinear factorizations subject to monomial constraints, called monomial factorizations. Next, we explain that the CPD of a tensor that has missing fibers can be interpreted as a monomial factorization problem. Finally, using the monomial factorization interpretation, we show that CPD recovery conditions can be obtained that only rely on the observed fibers of the tensor.
A Compact 45 V-to-54 kV Modular DC-DC Converter

This paper presents the design of a compact 45 V-to-54 kV dc-dc converter for high-energy beam applications with the focus on X-ray generation. We describe key design choices for a high power density including a modular structure, high-frequency switching, planar transformers and Dickson topology. High-voltage insulation and thermal management are also described in detail. The experimental data with with a 5 kV single module and a 10-module 54 kV converter indicate that the proposed structure can generate high dc voltage while achieving a several times higher power density compared to commercial high-voltage power supplies.
Accuracy in Analysis of Discrepancy Scores: A Nationwide Study of School Psychologists.

This study investigated whether psychologists possess the psychometric knowledge necessary to evaluate discrepancies within an individual's test performance with sufficient accuracy to ensure relia...
Signatures of criticality in mining accidents and recurrent neural network forecasting model

Abstract We report signatures of criticality in mining accident data obtained from the Mine Accident, Injury and Illness Report form (MSHA Form 7000-1). This work builds on the hypothesis that workplace accident statistics follow self-organized criticality (Mauro et al., 2018). “1/f noise,” a distinct feature of critical systems, is extracted from this database and is used to forecast accident trends using a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN). The algorithm used for extracting this noise is applicable to data available in any standard worker’s compensation database. We also report a Pareto distribution in the number of accidents in relation to employee mine experience, implying a strong correlation between experience and susceptibility to accidents.
Evaluation of parametric precipitation models in reproducing tropical cyclone rainfall patterns

Abstract Current flood mapping practices in the United States model both storm surge and riverine flooding in coastal regions. In regions where the hazards overlap, independence and non-concurrence are generally assumed, although recent literature has noted several cases of tropical cyclones (TCs) where storm surge and rainfall-runoff interacted nonlinearly, violating this assumption. In order to evaluate the effects of the nonlinear interactions on flood risk statistics using traditional methods, i.e. by using simulation suites of physically-based flood hazard models with varied TC characteristics, it is necessary to couple the rainfall-runoff and storm surge components into a single simulation framework. In order to accomplish this efficiently, use of a parametric TC rainfall model is proposed. Four such models were obtained by the authors: R-CLIPER (Rainfall Climatology and Persistence), IPET (Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force Rainfall Analysis), PHRaM (Parametric Hurricane Rainfall Model), and P-CLIPER (PDF Precipitation-Climatology and Persistence). The objective of the current study is to compare precipitation fields produced by four existing parametric TC rainfall models and then to select the most appropriate model for inclusion in future combined flooding studies. Meteorological skill metrics were used to evaluate rainfall models for 67 Atlantic TCs affecting the United States from 2004 through 2017. Of the four models evaluated, the highly simplified IPET rainfall model demonstrated the most skill at reproducing storm-total precipitation for thresholds above 75 mm (3 in.); however, the skill metrics obtained indicate that none of the models is suitable for direct use in combined flooding studies at this time.
Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II: Audio of Presentation

The Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics II offers a nationally-representative database for the United States to offer systematic, reliable, and generalizable data on the business formation process. It includes information on the proportion and characteristics of the adult population attempting to start new businesses, the kinds of activities nascent entrepreneurs undertake during the business start-up process and the proportion and characteristics of the start-up efforts that become infant firms. The PSED II follows a cohort of nascent entrepreneurs for three years beginning in 2005.
Drug-Drug Interaction Signal Detection from Drug Safety Reports

Hundreds of thousands of patients report adverse reactions from using one or more drugs each year. It is impossible to test every drug combination in clinical trials before a drug reaches the market. Thus, the FDA performs post-marketing surveillance to identify drug combinations that produce harmful reactions. To facilitate this surveillance, consumers and health care professionals submit drug safety reports that include the drugs a patient takes and the reactions they experience. In this research, we propose techniques to support high-fidelity rule mining of interesting drug combinations from safety reports by developing drug name matching, reaction name standardization, and known-rule matching strategies. For evaluation, we design a sensibility metric for drug name matching. We demonstrate that our technique achieves a sensibility score of 0.855, corresponding to a 91% accuracy. We compare methods for reaction name standardization and their effects on known-rule matching, identifying 427 known rules from 4652 generated signals when using our techniques as opposed to 61 known rules from 3276 generated signals without the application of our techniques.
Transfusion support during childbirth for a woman with anti-U and the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele.

D- red blood cells (RBCs), always in short supply, and Rh immune globulin (RhIG) are not needed for patient care if D+ RBCs can safely be transfused. According to a recent work group recommendation, patients with the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele can be considered D+. We report an African American woman who presented for delivery at the end of the third trimester, at which time anti-U and a serologic weak D phenotype were recognized, requiring U-, D- RBC units. We obtained 3 U- RBC units, including 1 D- unit. Later, the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele was determined by RHD genotyping, only 6 days before delivery. The patient had an uneventful vaginal delivery of a D+ baby. No transfusion was needed for mother or baby. In this case, a pregnant woman with the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele can safely be managed as D+, relaxing the unnecessary D- restriction for the limited U- RBC supply. The procured U-, D- RBC unit was frozen with 14 days of shelf-life remaining. To conserve D- RBC units, not limited to U-, for patients with a definite need, we recommend molecular analysis of a serologic weak D phenotype before a transfusion becomes imminent. The best time to resolve a serologic weak D phenotype with RHD genotyping is early in a pregnancy. Immunohematology 2021;37:1-4 . D– red blood cells (RBCs), always in short supply, and Rh immune globulin (RhIG) are not needed for patient care if D+ RBCs can safely be transfused. According to a recent work group recommendation, patients with the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele can be considered D+. We report an African American woman who presented for delivery at the end of the third trimester, at which time anti-U and a serologic weak D phenotype were recognized, requiring U–, D– RBC units. We obtained 3 U– RBC units, including 1 D– unit. Later, the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele was determined by RHD genotyping, only 6 days before delivery. The patient had an uneventful vaginal delivery of a D+ baby. No transfusion was needed for mother or baby. In this case, a pregnant woman with the RHD*weak D type 4.0 allele can safely be managed as D+, relaxing the unnecessary D– restriction for the limited U– RBC supply. The procured U–, D– RBC unit was frozen with 14 days of shelf-life remaining. To conserve D– RBC units, not limited to U–, for patients with a definite need, we recommend molecular analysis of a serologic weak D phenotype before a transfusion becomes imminent. The best time to resolve a serologic weak D phenotype with RHD genotyping is early in a pregnancy. Immunohematology 2021;37:1–4 .
Is Reliance on the Affect Heuristic associated with Age

OBJECTIVES With age, decision makers rely more on heuristic and affect-based processing. However, age differences have not been quantified with respect to the affect heuristic which derives judgments based on positive and negative feelings towards stimuli and concepts. The present study examined whether reliance on the affect heuristic is associated with age, whether these patterns vary by task type, and which covariates account for age effects. METHOD In a pre-registered study, an adult lifespan sample (N = 195, 21 - 90 years, Mage = 52.95, 50% female, 71% non-Hispanic White) completed a battery of cognitive, personality, and socioemotional covariates as well as three established affect heuristic tasks: (1) a risk-benefit task, (2) a dread-inference task, and (3) an affect-impact task. Reliance on affect was indexed through (1) a negative relationship between perceived food risks and benefits, (2) a positive relationship between feelings of dread and statistical inferences about mortality risks, and (3) a positive relationship between affective responses and impact judgments when evaluating catastrophes. RESULTS For all three tasks, usage of the affect heuristic was documented at the group and the individual level. Contrary to hypotheses, age was not associated with affect heuristic use for any of the tasks. Affect heuristic indices did not correlate across tasks and showed no consistent associations with the covariates. DISCUSSION Results suggest that the use of affect-based heuristics is context- or stimulus-dependent rather than a stable, age-associated trait. Further research is needed to validate the present results across additional domains, tasks, and stimulus types.
Antimicrobial Usage in the U.S.A.

The costs and usage of antimicrobial agents in 19 U.S. hospitals were obtained by review of pharmacy records. The hospitals surveyed ranged from 1000 bed university and Federal teaching hospitals to 200 bed community hospitals. There was marked variation in antimicrobial usage among the 19 hospitals where the proportion of total pharmacy costs expended on antimicrobial agents ranged from 11 to 62 percent. The cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibiotics accounted for 60 percent of total antimicrobial costs. There was also significant variation among hospitals in usage of chloramphenicol and clindamycin. Trends in antimicrobial usage over a three year period (1972 to 1974) were ascertained in 10 community hospitals. The major findings were increased usage of the cephalosporins (both oral and parenteral), gentamicin, and clindamycin. These trends were reversed at a hospital with a functioning antimicrobial control program.
Combining Conservation and Development on Private Lands: Lessons from Costa Rica

Privately owned parks continue to attract interest across the tropics for their ability to blend biodiversity protection with sustainable development. Despite rapid proliferation of these privately owned protected areas, the conservation community knows little about them. We interviewed owners of 68 private parks in Costa Rica to learn more about their contribution to that country's national conservation effort. Key findings include: (1) the total number of private reserves is estimated to be in the vicinity of 250; (2) reserves fell into a wide variety of categories, ranging from formal parks and ecotourism reserves to biological stations and hybrid reserves; (3) total nationwide coverage is approximately 63,832 ha, or 1.2% of the national territory; (4) reserves were protecting ecologically important habitat, particularly primary rain forest; (5) reserves were owned mostly by Costa Ricans; (6) reserves were used for a wide variety of activities, especially ecotourism and for the owners' personal enjoyment; (7) reserve owners' biggest problem was poaching of mammals; (8) reserves were protecting key corridor and buffer zone areas between and around larger national parks. Results from this study should help enhance our understanding of this little-known conservation and development tool. They should be of interest wherever biodiversity remains threatened and wherever new conservation and development partners are being sought - which includes most of the developing world.
From Object-Relational to Federated Databases

Object-relational databases allow users to manipulate rich data types that are not supported by traditional relational database systems. However, the majority of such data are in systems that are outside of that database—either in file systems, specialized systems, hierarchical databases, or other varieties of relational database that do not provide as rich a level of abstraction. Users want to take advantage of object-relational technology to exploit the rich semantics and abstraction but cannot afford to change existing applications or to move that data into the database to do so. The solution for enterprises is a federated database system, which allows users to leverage their existing applications and existing data, while allowing new applications to exploit the functional richness of object-relational technology.
Oberon script: a lightweight compiler and runtime system for the web

Oberon Script is an experimental scripting language and runtime system for building interactive Web Client applications. It is based on the Oberon programming language and consists of a compiler that translates Oberon Script at load-time into JavaScript code, and a small runtime system that detects and compiles script sections written in Oberon Script.
The antiatherogenic effects of targeted epigallocatechin gallate - loaded nanoparticles (1045.41)

Objective: The objectives of this study were to incorporate scavenger receptor target ligands on the surface of biocompatible and biodegradable epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-loaded nanoparticles (E-LNP), to evaluate their target specificity to macrophages in vitro and atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr-/- mice. Method: E-LNP were synthesized using a sonication method. Particle size, zeta potential and morphology were determined using a transmission electron microscope and Brookhaven analyzer. The target specificity to macrophages (in vitro) and to atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr-/- mice (in vivo) was measured using a fluorescence microscopy and an IVIS® Lumina XR imaging system, respectively. Macrophage cholesterol content and EGCG uptake were measured using a HPLC method. After intravenous injection of E-LNP once per week for 20 weeks, the aortic lesion was quantified by a microscope and image J software. Results— E-LNP are negatively charged and less than 100 nm in diameter. As compared to nanoparticles ...
Towards intelligent transportation Cyber-Physical Systems: Real-time computing and communications perspectives

Traffic accidents and congestion problems continue to worsen worldwide. Because of vast number of vehicles manufactured and sold every year transportation sector is significantly stressed, leading to more accidents and fatalities, and adverse environmental and economic impact. Efforts across the world for Smart Transportation Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are aimed at addressing a range of problems including reducing traffic accidents, decreasing congestion, reducing fuel consumption, reducing time spent on traffic jams, and improve transportation safety. Thus, smart transportation CPS is expected to contribute a main role in the design and development of intelligent transportation systems. The advances in embedded systems, wireless communications and sensor networks provides the opportunities to bridge the physical components and processes with the cyber world that leading to a Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). Feedback for control through wireless communication in transportation CPS is one of the major components for both safety and infotainment applications where vehicles exchange information using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) through vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) and/or vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communications. For wireless communication IEEE has 802.11p standard for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) for Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE). In this paper, we present how different parameters (e.g., sensing time, association time, number for vehicles, relative speed of vehicles, overlap transmission range, etc.) affect communication in smart transportation CPS. Furthermore, we also present driving components, current trends, challenges, and future directions for transportation CPS.