cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial outcomes in active treatment through survivorship.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to understand potential differences in psychosocial outcomes from active treatment to survivorship. METHODS Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Supplement (n = 1360), we examined and compared psychosocial outcomes among respondents in active treatment with survivors by year(s) since treatment ended. Survey-weighted regression models were used to test associations between year(s) since treatment and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), psychological distress (K6), and cancer-specific worry related to recurrence. RESULTS Unadjusted estimates showed no significant differences in depressive symptoms or psychological distress between those in active treatment and cancer survivors at any time posttreatment. In contrast, the prevalence of cancer-specific worry was lowest among survivors more than 5 years since treatment (10%), slightly higher among those with less than 1 year since treatment (15%), and highest among those in active treatment (32%). In models controlled for sociodemographic and health-related covariates, the year(s) since treatment ended was inversely associated with the odds of cancer-specific worry but was not associated with depressive symptoms or psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based sample, worry about cancer recurrence may diminish with years since treatment ended, while depressive symptoms and distress are persistent across the trajectory. These findings highlight unmet psychosocial needs among cancer survivors and demonstrate the importance of targeted interventions across the survivorship continuum.
Silviculture to Restore Oak Savannas and Woodlands

Variability in historic fire regimes in eastern North America resulted in an array of oak natural communities that were dominant across the region. In the past century, savannas and woodlands have become scarce because of conversion to agriculture or development of forest structure in the absence of fire. Their restoration is a primary goal for public agencies and conservation organizations. Although they can be restored with a long-term regimen of prescribed burning, a combination of fire, timber harvesting, and forest thinning produces the desired structure and composition more efficiently. Prescribed fire is useful for sustaining oak savannas and woodlands, but it must be used judiciously to minimize timber damage and decreases in value. Integrating fire within a modified shelterwood approach promotes competitive oak reproduction and is flexible enough to produce savannas or woodlands. Sustaining these communities requires the replacement of the overstory during periods of no fire.
High-Quality Factor Superconducting Flexible Resonators Embedded in Thin-Film Polyimide HD-4110

We present the design, fabrication procedure, and measurement results of Nb superconducting microstrip transmission line resonators fabricated using thin-film polyimide HD-4110, including both nonembedded and embedded versions. These resonators were used to characterize the microwave dielectric loss tangent of 20 $\mu$ m thick polyimide HD-4110 at deep cryogenic temperatures. We observed high-quality factors ( Q ) up to 21 040 at 1.2 K in the frequency range of 2–21 GHz for nonembedded resonators, indicating that the dielectric loss tangent can be less than 5 $\times$ 10−5. Embedded resonators with an additional 20 $\mu$ m thick encapsulation layer also exhibited Q values as high as $\sim 19$ 200. Dielectric and conductor (quasiparticle) loss have been compared between the two types of resonators. This study provides information applicable to the design of future high-density, flexible, multilayer superconducting cables, which are of great interest for potential applications in cryogenic electronics systems, including quantum computers.
Severe elemental mercury poisoning managed with selenium and N-acetylcysteine administration

A healthy 15-year-old male spilled elemental mercury contaminating his garage and bedroom. The patient developed new onset hypertension, significant weight loss, pain (muscular, testicular, and abd...
Speckle Reduction in Optical Coherence Tomography at Video Rate

We present a single-shot real-time video-rate speckle reduction technique for optical coherence tomography (OCT) using an adaptation of the dual window (DW) method. This computational technique requires no hardware modification and offers approximately 25% reduction in speckle contrast without reducing spatial resolution.
International Information and Telecommunications Policy Harmonization: A Comparative Analysis

Those who adopt the lens of globalization see the policy and regulatory environment of information and telecommunications becoming increasingly homogenous across the globe. From this perspective, this homogeneity is often explained as the result of various institutions, including regional governments such as the European Union as well as the WTO and even the U.S. government. While complete harmonization has certainly not been achieved, there exist many examples that provide evidence of this trend such as the widespread adoption of auction policies for the licensing of spectrum in the telecommunications realm and the adoption of anti-circumvention clauses to protect copyrights in the realm of information policy.However, given the very different nature of information and telecommunication policy, can international harmonization in both domains be explained by the same phenomena? To what extent can both harmonization processes be explained by global trends toward market-oriented policies? Whether by forces of globalization or other means, what are the specific mechanisms for policy harmonization? What fundamental similarities and differences exist between telecommunications and information policy and how do they impact harmonization?These questions are addressed through a comparative analysis of U.S., European and Asian policies and laws in the areas of wireless policy and copyright law. These two policy domains represent areas of telecommunications and information policy, respectively, which face relatively greater pressure for harmonization, based in part on the ability of signals, information and even users to cross international borders. For example, in wireless policy making the need for standard spectrum assignments and international roaming creates pressure for uniform approaches. Similarly, the ease with which digital works, be they music, art or books, can be transmitted effortlessly across the globe has led many nations to update laws and in doing so sought to work collectively.The analysis of these two policy arenas and the factors shaping harmonization are based on data collected from secondary sources. The broad nature of the investigation allows for integration of published analyses that provide evidence of both convergence and divergence in various aspects of these policies as well as provide broad geographical coverage. In particular, accounts of the institutions engaged in the policymaking processes that can affect harmonization are examined.
The Effect of Fee-Shifting Rules on Settlement Terms

The large economic literature on fee-shifting rules has focused on the effects that they have on the likelihood of settlement and the incentive to sue. In contrast, this paper focuses on the rules' effect on the terms of settlement. The analysis demonstrates that fee-shifting rules influence the terms of settlement, and it further identifies the effect of each of the main fee-shifting rules on settlement terms. For each such rule, the analysis examines whether the rule will make settlement terms more favorable to the plaintiff or the defendant -- and also whether the rule will move these terms closer to or further away from the expected judgement.
Evaluation of different carbon monoxide sensors for battery charging stations

Hydrogen (H2) gas released during battery charging can result in cross-interference for carbon monoxide (CO) sensors used for early fire detection and compromise the integrity of the mine atmospheric monitoring system (AMS). In this study, a series of laboratory-scale and full-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of different CO sensors to H2 gas. In the laboratory-scale experiments, constant H2 concentrations in the airflow, from 100 to 500 ppm, pass through sensors. While in the full-scale experiments, increasing H2 concentrations generated as a byproduct from charging the batteries at the battery charging station rise to the sensors under different ventilation scenarios. The H2 concentrations at the CO sensor location were measured using H2 sensors and were correlated with the CO sensor response. The effects of ventilation and sensor location on the CO sensors responses were also analyzed. The results of this study can help mining companies to select appropriate CO sensors and improve the deployment of these sensors to ensure the safeguard of underground miners.
Incidental mastoid effusion diagnosed on imaging: Are we doing right by our patients?

Objectives/hypothesis To investigate whether radiologist-produced imaging reports containing the terms mastoiditis or mastoid opacification clinically correlate with physical examination findings of mastoiditis. Additionally, to investigate whether and how often otolaryngology was unnecessarily consulted and inappropriate antibiotic therapy was initiated. Study design Retrospective chart review within a large community hospital setting. Methods A retrospective review of 160 patients who had imaging tests performed for nonotolaryngology indications from January 2011 to March 2017 at our facility. Indications, patient demographics, otolaryngology consultations, and new antibiotics started were recorded. Physical examinations were documented. Results Physical examination revealed that only 14 of 160 patients (8.8%) had clinical evidence of otologic disease. However, of the 160 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 18 (11.3%) received an otolaryngology consultation, and 18 (11.3%) had antibiotics started. Eleven of the 18 patients in each group (61.1%) had a normal physical examination, two (11.1%) had serous otitis media, one (5.6%) had chronic otitis media, and four (22.2%) had acute otitis media. No patients were found to have clinical mastoiditis. χ2 analysis revealed no significance in the radiologic diagnosis of mastoiditis versus mastoid opacification in relation to physicians requesting otolaryngology consultations (P = .241) or starting patients on antibiotics (P = .951). Conclusions This study highlights the prevalence of incidental but clinically insignificant opacification of the mastoid cavity. We believe that nonotolaryngology physicians are, overall, competent to correlate such radiologic findings clinically and to prevent unnecessary consultations and inappropriate treatment, which add significant costs to our overstretched healthcare system. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:852-857, 2019.
Making Cities Global: the transnational turn in urban history

Making Cities Global is a collected volume in the field of transitional urban history. It brings together the work of scholars inspired by the Organization of American Historians’ LaPietra Report p...
Selective protection of the C(7) and C(10) hydroxyl groups in 10-deacetyl baccatin III

Abstract New protocols for the selective protection of the C(7) and C(10) hydroxyl groups of 10-deacetyl baccatin III are described, leading to more efficient semisyntheses of taxol and taxol analogs. The C(10) hydroxyl group of 10-DAB can be highly selectively acylater or silylated, and subsequent selective protection of the C(7) hydroxyl group then becomes straightforward.
Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients in the Emergency Department and Associated Healthcare Resource Utilization and Expenditure in the United States

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. We investigated VTE prevalence in cancer patients in the emergency department (ED) setting, associated utilization of health care resources and costs. Methods The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality sponsored Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database was used to identify cancer patients and ED utilizations in 2006-12. The NEDS database captures 20% of US ED visits. Cancer types (solid tumor, lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma) and acute venous thromboembolism [VTE, which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE)] were identified by ICD-9 codes. CPT procedure codes were used to identify any use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), CT chest with contrast (CTC), duplex ultrasound of the veins (DUS), or ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan. Descriptive statistics were used to present the VTE prevalence, use of imaging study, admission rates and costs incurred. Chi-square test were used to compare death/admission rate and chi-square test for trend was used for trend analysis. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to explore the association between VTE diagnosis and hospital admission or death during hospital course after baseline characteristics adjustment. Results There were 6,330,322 ED visits by cancer patients in our study, which represented 3.2 % of total ED visits from 2006-2012 in the NEDS database. Over the study period, 1.6% of patients received either CTPA, CTC, DUS, or V/Q scan during their ED visits (CTPA: 0.56%; CTC: 0.47%; DUS: 0.62%; V/Q: 0.02%). The use of imaging studies had increased from 0.92 to 2.35 per 100 ED visits (Figure 1, p-value for trend Conclusions VTE diagnosed in the ED was associated with higher rate of mortality, hospital admissions, and healthcare-associated costs. Imaging studies for VTE are increasingly frequent, suggesting increased awareness by ED providers. Future clinical trials are warranted to investigate the cost-effectiveness of outpatient VTE prophylaxis among cancer patients in order to reduce VTE-associated burden. Download : Download high-res image (188KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Khorana: Halozyme: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Leo: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.
Height Measurement and Adjustment of Welding Torch for Linear Welding Robot

Welding procedures are among the most commonly encountered processes in the industrial environment. They can be found in many areas within the modern industry, such as the manufacturing of metallic parts, construction of naval and offshore structures and others. Welding is not only an important task but also is a hazardous one. The process itself creates an environment of extreme heat and fumes, that is harmful to the welder's health. Thus, the robotization makes possible to move the welder away from the welding environment, bringing more quality when compared to manual welding. A robotic system is also able to perform a more reliable and faster welding. Another effect of moving away the operator is the increase its safety since welders have a high risk of developing occupational illness due to long exposure to the welding. An important aspect of the welding not yet fully automated is the contact tip to work distance (CTWD) adjustment, which involves the correct measurement of the distance between the welding torch and the surface to be welded. In this paper, a method to make the fine adjustment of this important parameter in real-time is presented. Thus, increasing the safety and the quality of the process.
Toward an Asian Monetary Fund: Ideas for Transition

Creation of an Asian Monetary Fund might be a way to improve the financial safety net in Asia. This paper presents ideas for reforming the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM)—and its s...
The Unified Model & Evolution of Active Galaxies: Implications from a Spectropolarimetric Study

We extend the analysis presented in Tran (2001) of a spectropolarimetric survey of the CfA and 12micron samples of Seyfert 2 galaxies (S2s). We confirm that S2s with hidden broad line regions (HBLRs) tend to have hotter circumnuclear dust temperatures, show mid-IR spectra more characteristic of S1 galaxies, and are intrinsically more luminous than non-HBLR S2s. The level of obscuration and circumnuclear star formation, however, appear to be similar between HBLR and non-HBLR S2 galaxies, based on an examination of various observational indicators. HBLR S2s, on average, share many similar large-scale, presumably isotropic, characteristics with Seyfert 1 galaxies (S1s), as would be expected if the unified model is correct, while non-HBLR S2s generally do not. The active nuclear engines of non-HBLR S2s then, appear to be truly weaker than HBLR S2s, which in turn, are fully consistent with being S1s viewed from another direction. There is also evidence that the fraction of detected HBLR increases with radio power of the AGN. Thus, not all Seyfert 2 galaxies may be intrinsically similar in nature, and we speculate that evolutionary processes may be at work.
Evaluation of six methods for correcting bias in estimates from ensemble tree machine learning regression models

Abstract Ensemble-tree machine learning (ML) regression models can be prone to systematic bias: small values are overestimated and large values are underestimated. Additional bias can be introduced if the dependent variable is a transform of the original data. Six methods were evaluated for their ability to correct systematic and introduced bias. Method performance was evaluated using four case studies of groundwater quality: the units of the dependent variable were pH in two and log-concentration in the others. When performance metrics (bias and RMSE for both points and the CDF) were computed using the same units as those in the ML model, empirical distribution matching (EDM) provided the best results. When the metrics were computed using retransformed concentration, EDM and a method incorporating Duan's smearing estimate were both effective. A method based on the Z-score transform approximates EDM if the correlation coefficient between rank-ordered ML estimates and rank-ordered observations approaches one.
CE: Postpartum Depression: A Nurse's Guide.

ABSTRACT Despite extensive research, the etiology behind postpartum depression (PPD) remains a mystery. Experts have theorized about various potential risk factors, including hormonal fluctuations, genetics, prior history of depression, low socioeconomic status, adolescent pregnancy, and certain personality traits. This article provides foundational information about PPD, reviewing the risk factors for and the consequences of this mood disorder. Postpartum blues and postpartum psychosis are briefly discussed for context, although they differ from PPD. Screening and treatment options are explained, and nursing implications for practice are presented.
Better Frame Rates or Better Visuals? An Early Report of Esports Player Practice in Dota 2

Esports athletes often reduce visual quality to improve latency and frame rate, and increase their in-game performance. Little research has examined the effects of this visuo-spatial tradeoff on performance, but we could find no work studying how players manage this tradeoff in practice. This paper is an initial examination of this question in the game Dota 2. First, we gather the game configuration data of Dota 2 players in a small survey. We learn that players do limit visual detail, particularly by turning off VSYNC, which removes rendering/display synchronization delay but permits visual “tearing”. Second, we survey the intent of those same players with a few subjective questions. Player intent matches configuration practice. While our sampling of Dota 2 players may not be representative, our survey does reveal suggestive trends that lay the groundwork for future, more rigorous and larger surveys. Such surveys can help new players adapt to the game more quickly, encourage researchers to investigate the relative importance of temporal and visual detail, and justify design effort by developers in ”low visual” game configurations.
Chemical Reactions Involving the Backbone Chain of Macromolecular Crystals

Ideal macromolecular crystals should, as all other crystals, show no chemical reactivity inside the closely packed crystals. Reactions may, however, occur at the surface, where free access of reactants is possible. The three steps of any chemical reaction — approach of reactants, formation of the activated state configuration, and separation of the products — must be influenced by the stringent geometric requirements of the crystal surface. Special effects arise on macromolecular crystal surfaces because of the long chain nature of the constituent molecules.
A Measure of Impulsiveness and its Relations to Extraversion.

The study sought evidence for the construct validity of the Impulsive scale of the Interpersonal Style Inventory (ISI), and its relation to Eysenck's extraversion. In study 1 a sample of 93 high-school boys completed the EPI, ISI measures of Impulsive and Sociable, and the Buss-Plomin Impulsive scale. Correlations of ISI Impulsive with the other two scales emerged as .50 or higher while relations with EPI extraversion was .36. In Study 2, 45 delinquent boys completed inventory measures of impulsiveness, orderliness, persistence, risk-taking, and tempo. The boys were also rated by counselors on an impulsive scale. The counselor ratings correlated at a significant level with self-report scores. The ISI Impulsive scale could be distinguished from the other four self-report scales.
Mapping gender: feminist cartographies in Kate Chopin's 'regionalist' stories

In this article the fourth in a series which examines relationships between women and literary space. I examine ways in which conjunctures of literature, geography, and gender shed new light on nineteenth century U.S. author Kate Chopin's "regionalist" stories. In the process of examining her life and her work in terms of geographics of identity and gendered subjectivity, the two representative short stories analyzed here take on a significance far beyond their -local color- surface and themselves become like the stories of their female protagonists sites of struggle. While traditional readings of Chopin's "regionalist" fiction yield mildly intriguing tales which reaffirm cultural boundaries, analysis from a perspective of feminist geographies highlights Chopin's challenges to the circumscribed literary and gender spheres of her own context.
Spatio-chromatic VEPS in recovered optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis

Although colour vision defects are quite common in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis, there is a lack of general agreement as to the nature of the colour vision defect associated with demyelinating diseases. We investigated whether there is selective involvement of particular channels in demyelinating disease by recording visually evoked cortical potentials (VEPs) elicited by grating patterns that selectively stimulate the chromatic pathways. This paper contains preliminary results on a small number of patients who have essentially recovered from or have suffered no spatial vision loss. None of these patients showed S cone pathway deficits; all deficits involved pathways with L or M cone input.
Morphological and genetic analysis of the Red Hills roach (Cyprinidae: Lavinia symmetricus)

We performed a morphological and phylogeneticanalysis of a recently discovered population ofCalifornia roach (Red Hills roach; Cyprinidae:Lavinia symmetricus) to determine if thedegree of separation of these populationswarrants subspecies status. Previousmorphological analysis by Brown et al. (1992)suggested that L. symmetricus from theRed Hills roach type locality (Horton Creek)were different for Principal DiscriminantScores (based on 15 morphological characters)from neighboring populations. Similarly,recent work by our lab on the phylogenetics ofthe putative subspecies of L. symmetricushas revealed that the Red Hills roach appearsreciprocally monophyletic for assayedmitochondrial DNA markers. In addition toperforming further morphological and geneticanalysis of the Red Hills roach, we increasedour sampling effort in the Red Hills region todetermine the distribution of this undescribedputative subspecies. Our morphological resultsare generally in agreement with Brown et al.(1992) except in regards to Horton Creek. Asignificant difference between the two studiesexists for all Horton Creek multivariateanalyses as well as frequency of a presumablyderived character (chisel lip). Our geneticresults also support our previous findings thatthe Red Hills roach is a diagnosible,genetically distinct population. Thephylogenetic analysis suggests that populationson the other side of a large reservoir wererecently connected via gene flow to the RedHills populations.
Improved message-passing algorithm for counting short cycles in bipartite graphs

Recently, Karimi and Banihashemi proposed an algorithm based on message-passing to count cycles in a graph of lengths less than double its girth. The algorithm uses only integer additions and subtractions to compute messages at the nodes of the graph that are passed to adjacent nodes. The complexity of the algorithm, when applied to a bipartite graph of girth g that has E edges, is O(gE2). The algorithm is superior to many other existing algorithms in the literature. In this paper, an improvement of this algorithm is presented that cuts both the complexity and the computing time by a factor of two. The improved algorithm is also applied to Tanner graphs of quasi-cyclic codes and, in this case, the complexity can be further cut by a factor of p, where p is the size of the circulants in the parity-check matrix of the quasi-cyclic code.
Homophobic name-calling, peer-groups, and masculinity: The socialization of homophobic behavior in adolescents

Social network analysis and multilevel modeling were used to examine the formation of homophobic name-calling behavior in adolescents. Specifically, peer group contextual and socialization effects on homophobic name-calling as well as the influence of masculinity attitudes, general bullying perpetration, and victimization were tested. Participants included 493 fifth- through eighth-grade students from two middle schools. Results indicated that peer groups play an important role in the formation of homophobic name-calling. Additionally, students who were victims of homophobic name-calling over time increased their own perpetration of homophobic name-calling. Non-homophobic bullying was also related to homophobic name-calling, but only for male peer groups. And finally, the role of masculinity attitudes was shown to be complex, as peer group masculinity attitudes were significantly predictive of an individual’s homophobic perpetration; however, this effect did not remain significant over time. Results suggest that homophobic name-calling during early adolescence is strongly influenced by peers and rooted in gender and masculinity.
Using Peace Corps volunteers in community eye health.

Initiating a community eye health programme in an unfamiliar culture and language can be a daunting task. This report focuses on an underutilised resource for community eye health: American Peace Corps volunteers. The Peace Corps is a government-sponsored service organisation. At present, there are 7,876 Peace Corps volunteers serving in 76 low- and middle-income countries around the world. Of those who volunteer, 94 per cent hold at least an undergraduate degree and 21 per cent are specifically trained to work in public health.1 Many volunteers serve in rural areas and all receive two months of intensive language and cultural training in their host countries; they also live at the financial level of those they serve. This represents a significant resource of educated, culturally and linguistically competent, and generally idealistic people who are willing to assist in community health projects. All one need do is ask for their assistance!
Determination of beta-carotene in supplements and raw materials by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography: collaborative study

Twelve laboratories representing 4 countries participated in an interlaboratory study conducted to determine all-trans-veta-carotene and total beta-carotene in dietary supplements and raw materials. Thirteen samples were sent as blind duplicates to the collaborators. Results obtained from 11 laboratories are reported. For products composed as softgels and tablets that were analyzed for total beta-carotene, the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 3.35 to 23.09% and the HorRat values ranged from 1.06 to 3.72. For these products analyzed for trans beta-carotene, the reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 4.28 to 22.76% and the HorRat values ranged from 0.92 to 3.37. The RSDr and HorRat values in the analysis of a beadlet raw material were substantial and it is believed that the variability within the material itself introduced significant variation in subsampling. The method uses high pressure liquid chromatography (LC) in the reversed-phase mode with visible light absorbance for detection and quantitation. If high levels of alpha-carotenes are present, a second LC system is used for additional separation and quantitation of the carotene species. It is recommended that the method be adopted as an AOAC Official Method.
Integrated segmentation and nonrigid registration for application in prostate image-guided radiotherapy

Many current image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) systems incorporate an in-room cone-beam CT (CBCT) with a radiotherapy linear accelerator for treatment day imaging. Segmentation of key anatomical structures (prostate and surrounding organs) in 3DCBCT images as well as registration between planning and treatment images are essential for determining many important treatment parameters. Due to the image quality of CBCT, previous work typically uses manual segmentation of the soft tissues and then registers the images based on the manual segmentation. In this paper, an integrated automatic segmentation/ constrained nonrigid registration is presented, which can achieve these two aims simultaneously. This method is tested using 24 sets of real patient data. Quantitative results show that the automatic segmentation produces results that have an accuracy comparable to manual segmentation, while the registration part significantly outperforms both rigid and non-rigid registration. Clinical application also shows promising results.
Angular correlation of two electrons on a sphere

As an approach to the electronic structure of the doubly excited and other highly correlated states of atoms, we consider the angular correlation of two electrons on a sphere of radius R. The Hamiltonian is scaled by a factor ${R}^{2}$ and the parameter R is reinterpreted as the strength of electronic repulsion. The scaled Hamiltonian ${H}_{S}$ is the sum of an analytically solvable Hamiltonian ${H}_{0}$+${V}_{M}$ and a perturbation \ensuremath{\Delta}${H}_{1}$+\ensuremath{\Delta}${H}_{2}$ which becomes negligible as R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. The spectrum of ${H}_{0}$+${V}_{M}$ therefore approaches the spectrum of ${H}_{S}$ in the asymptotic limit. The eigenfunctions of ${H}_{0}$+${V}_{M}$ show a transition from weak correlation at small R to strong correlation and ``molecular'' motion at large R.
Peripheral nerve regeneration and cholesterol reutilization are normal in the low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mouse.

Following peripheral nerve injury, cholesterol from degenerating myelin is retained locally within macrophages and subsequently reutilized by Schwann cells for synthesis of new myelin during nerve regeneration. Substantial evidence indicates this conservation and reutilization of cholesterol is accomplished via lipoprotein-mediated intercellular transport, although the identities of the lipoproteins and their receptors are unresolved. Because Schwann cells in regenerating nerve are reported to express the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), we used the LDLR knockout mouse to examine the potential role of this receptor in cholesterol reutilization. Sciatic nerves were crushed in knockout and wild-type mice and examined 3 days to 10 weeks later. Morphometric analyses and measures of mRNA levels for myelin protein P(0), indicate that axon regeneration and myelination proceed normally in the LDLR knockout mouse. We therefore measured hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity and mRNA levels to determine whether Schwann cells compensated for the absence of the LDLR by upregulating cholesterol synthesis. Unexpectedly, these measures remained at the same downregulated levels found in regenerating nerves of wild-type animals. The apparently normal nerve regeneration, coupled with the lack of any compensatory upregulation of cholesterol synthesis in the LDLR knockout mice, indicates that other lipoprotein receptors must be primarily involved in cholesterol uptake by Schwann cells.
Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-SCH 351448.

A stereoselective synthesis of SCH 351448 has been completed. Twelve of the fourteen stereogenic centers were established through chiral enolate reactions, and six key C−C bonds were formed by metathesis reactions.
Alloy ramp heterostructure diodes for microwave mixer applications

Simulated and experimental data on mixer performance of semiconductor alloy ramp heterostructure diodes are presented. The results indicate that these devices are excellent candidates for use in microwave and millimeter-wave mixer circuits. In addition, they possess several significant advantages over contending Schottky barrier diodes, the microwave industry workhorse for mixers and detectors. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemokines as mediators of tumor angiogenesis and neovascularization

Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that influence tumor growth and metastasis. Several members of the CXC and CC chemokine families are potent inducers of neovascularization, whereas a subset of the CXC chemokines are potent inhibitors. In this paper, we review the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as mediators of tumor angiogenesis and neovascularization.
Human phenolsulfotransferases: chiral substrates and expression in Hep G2 cells

Abstract Enzymatic sulfation of chiral phenolic ethanolamine drugs, e.g. β-agonists, has been shown to be stereoselective in humans. The reaction appears to be specific for the monoamine (M) form of the phenolsulfotransferases (PSTs). In further studies of the stereochemistry of this reaction, we have found the hepatoblastoma-derived cell line Hep G2 to be an excellent human model. These cells contain the M form PST in quantities exceeding those of human liver by about 4-fold. Thus, sulfate conjugates of the β-agonist drugs can easily be synthesized for subsequent structural and enzyme kinetic studies. Although less abundant, the phenol (P) form PST as well as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase are also expressed in the Hep G2 cells.
Supercritical Water Oxidation Kinetics, Products, and Pathways for CH3- and CHO-Substituted Phenols

Phenols bearing −CH3 and −CHO substituents were oxidized in supercritical water at 460 °C and 250 atm. Experiments with each compound explored the effects of the reactor residence time and the concentrations of the phenolic compound and oxygen on the reaction rate. These experimental data were fit to global, power-law rate expressions. The resulting rate laws showed that the reactivity of the different isomers at 460 °C was in the order of ortho > para > meta for both compounds. Moreover, the CHO-substituted phenol was more reactive than the analogous CH3-substituted phenol, and all of these substituted phenols were more reactive than phenol itself under supercritical water oxidation conditions. Identifying and quantifying the products of incomplete oxidation allowed us to assemble a general reaction network for the oxidation of cresols in supercritical water. This network comprises three parallel primary paths. One path leads to phenol, a second path leads to a hydroxybenzaldehyde, and the third path lea...
Cortical spreading depression induced state dependency

Symmetrical state dependent learning was obtained with bilateral cortical spreading depression using a conditioned heart rate response. Rats, tested under extinction conditions, in a cortical state different from acquisition, showed no retention of the response. Retention of the response was demonstrated when the Ss were returned to the same cortical state as in acquisition.
Deletion of the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Fusion Protein of the Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 Affects Fusion Pore Enlargement

The fusion (F) protein of the paramxyovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) promotes virus-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion. Previous work had indicated that removal of the SV5 F protein cytoplasmic tail (F Tail- or FDelta19) caused a block in fusion promotion at the hemifusion stage. Further examination has shown that although the F Tail- mutant is severely debilitated in promotion of fusion as measured by using two reporter gene assays and is debilitated in the formation of syncytia relative to the wild-type F protein, the F Tail- mutant is capable of promoting the transfer of small aqueous dyes. These data indicate that F Tail- is fully capable of promoting formation of small fusion pores. However, enlargement of fusion pores is debilitated, suggesting that either the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein plays a direct role in pore expansion or that it interacts with other components which control pore growth.
Trajectories of Mothers' Discipline Strategies and Interparental Conflict: Interrelated Change during Middle Childhood

Using data collected annually when children were in kindergarten through 3rd grade (N = 478), this study investigated changes in mothers’ use of nonharsh, harsh verbal, and physical discipline; changes in interparental conflict; and associations between changes in discipline and interparental conflict. Controlling for potential confounds, physical discipline decreased over the course of middle childhood, whereas harsh verbal and nonharsh discipline remained stable. Increases in interparental conflict were associated with increases in physical discipline; decreases in interparental conflict were associated with decreases in physical discipline. Change in interparental conflict was unrelated to change in harsh verbal or nonharsh discipline, although more frequent interparental conflict was associated with more frequent use of all three types of discipline in 1st grade. Findings extend previous research on how two major forms of communication within families—conflict between parents and parents’ attempts to ...
What is the Matter with Conscience?: A Confucian Critique of Modern Imperialism

Through a Confucian critique of modern colonial politics and the failure of Western conscience in a number of historical and literary settings (including the Opium Wars, the Holocaust and the modern slavery), the article criticizes the illusory foundation and inexorable predicaments of modern imperialism. The goal of my investigation is to break open the normative authority of modern Western ideologies so as to initiate a new horizon for the hermeneutics of Confucianism and to suggest an alternative vision of humanity and cosmopolitanism in Confucianism.
The effect of correlated and point defects on the vortex lattice melting transition in single-crystal YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Abstract The vortex melting transition T m in several untwinned and twinned crystals is measured resistively in fields up to 8T. A Lindemann criterion for vortex lattice melting is obtained in addition to a sharp hysteresis in the magnetoresistance at B m supporting a first-order phase transition. The anisotropy of twin boundary pinning and its reduction of the ‘kink’ in ϱ( T ) associated with the first-order melting transition is discussed in samples with very dilute twin boundaries. We also report on the direct suppression of the melting transition by intrinsic pinning for H ‖ ab and by electron-irradiation-induced point defects.
Linear output feedback compensation of rank-one systems

A new method is presented for arbitrarily assigning the closed-loop poles of a linear multi-input/multi-output system using linear output feedback. The method employs a new notion of rank-one system representations and involves the use of state transformation matrices which preserve such representations while reducing the degree of the feedforward matrix.
Neural differentiation of human neural stem/progenitor cells on piezoelectric scaffolds

This study evaluated the neural differentiation of human neural stem /progenitor cells (hNPCs) on electrospun fibrous piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) scaffolds. We hypothesize aligned fibrous piezoelectric scaffold would provide both physical cues (via contact guidance) and local electrical activity to promote neuronal differentiation and neurite extension. hNPCs predominately differentiated into the neuronal lineage on both random and aligned electrospun PVDF-TrFE scaffolds. Less nestin-positive hNPCs were present on the scaffolds compared to laminin coated surface. The results suggest the potential use of these scaffolds in spinal cord repair and other neural applications.
Shark bytes: message sensation value and emotional appeals in shark diving websites

Websites designed to promote risky activities provide a novel context for studying the role of emotional appeals and message sensation value (MSV) in risk messages in order to ultimately understand the type of messages that motivate people to engage in risk behaviors. Framed in theories of message design and emotion, this study investigates representations of threat, efficacy, and the extent to which risk messages appeal to a range of positive and negative emotions through the examination of 53 shark diving websites using content analysis and computer generated linguistic analysis. Results indicate that few websites provide explicit threat information (i.e. severity and susceptibility) but many do present implicit threats. Efficacy-related messages were present on all websites. Positive emotion was more common than negative emotion and there is little representation of the traditional components of MSV. Implications for theory development and communication about risk-seeking are addressed.
Comparison of oxygen kinetics in young and old subjects.

Five older men (aged 60–69 yr) and five young men (aged 21–29 yr) with approximately equal levels of age-corrected\(\dot VO_2\) max were compared with respect to oxygen kinetics at equal absolute workloads (100 watts) and at equal relative workloads (45%\(\dot VO_2\) max) on a cycle ergometer. At 45%\(\dot VO_2\) max, half times for\(\dot VO_2\) response to instantaneous transition from unloaded pedalling were 30.0 s and 27.4 s for old and young respectively (t=0.260,p<0.80). No significant differences were found in the\(\dot V_E\) response and by inference none existed in O2 extraction. Mean half times for heart rate responses at a workload of 100 W were 24.2 s and 20.6 s for old and young groups respectively (t=0.722,p<0.49). Mechanical efficiency estimated from steady state data at 100 W was 19.8% and 20.5% for old and young groups respectively (t=0.574). The close similarity in responses to submaximal work in old and young subjects of equivalent fitness suggests caution in the interpretation of agewise decrements observed in physiological variables which may be sensitive to physical fitness status.
Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases from rat pancreas.

Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of rat pancreas have been characterized and their interrelationship with fatty acid ethyl ester synthase (FAEES) has been studied. Seven GST isozymes with pI values of 9.2, 8.15, 7.8, 7.0, 6.3, 5.9 and 5.4 have been isolated and designated as rat pancreas GST suffixed by their pI values. Structural, immunological and kinetic properties of these isozymes indicated that GST 9.2 belonged to the α class, GST 7.8, 7.0, 6.3 and 5.9 belonged to the μ class, whereas GST 8.15 and 5.4 belong to π class. The N-terminal sequences and pI values of the μ class isozymes suggested that rat GST subunits 3, 4 and 6 may be expressed in pancreas. N-Terminal sequences of both the π class isozymes, GST 8.15 and 5.4, were similar to that of GST-P, but there were significant differences in the substrate specificities of these two enzymes. Results of peptide finger print studies also indicated minor structural differences between these two isozymes. None of the GST isozymes of rat pancreas expressed FAEES activity. Rat pancreas had a significant amount of FAEES activity, but it segregated independently during the purification of GST indicating that these two activities are expressed by different proteins and are not related as suggested previously.
Principles and applications of colorimetric solid-phase extraction with negligible depletion

Colorimetric solid-phase extraction (C-SPE) is an integrated technique in which an analyte is selectively concentrated onto a disk and then quantitated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This paper describes the results of an investigation that applies the concept of negligible depletion (ND) to C-SPE, representing the first application of ND concepts to solid-phase extractions. The approach relies on passing the minimal volume of sample through the disk required to reach an equilibrium in which the concentration of analyte in the sample entering and exiting the disk are equal. At this point, the amount of analyte extracted by the disk is proportional to the sample concentration but is independent of the sample volume passed through the disk. With this new method, called C-SPE/ND, the precise measurement of sample volume is no longer necessary. The work herein details the general principles of this new methodology, and validates its basic tenets in an investigation of the extraction of the organic dye methyl violet. The analytical capabilities of C-SPE/ND are then demonstrated by its application to measurements of iodine. Iodine is a biocide increasingly used as a simple and effective disinfectant for water in locations where municipal water treatment systems are potentially compromised. Thus, the ability to operate C-SPE in an ND mode notably enhances the broad-based utility of this methodology as a reliable and an easy-to-use analysis tool for water quality assessments. Since iodine is also the biocide used on NASAs Space Shuttle, C-SPE/ND has the potential to overcome problems associated with the removal of air bubbles entrapped in a water sample in the microgravity environment encountered in space exploration. Extensions of C-SPE/ND to facile determinations of other water quality parameters with respect to both earth- and space-based needs are briefly discussed.
Does Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) at the Surgical Margins Increase the Risk of Local Failure in Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer Receiving Conservative Treatment

These findings do not support the consideration for re-excisions in case of positive LCIS at the final margin. Conclusion: The 5-year Cumulative Incidence of LRR was :  for 2232 patients with negative LCIS 3.2% (95% CI, 2.5% to 4.1%) (median follow-up: 104 months).  for 82 patients with positive LCIS 2.8% (95% CI, 0.7% to 10.8%) (median follow-up: 90 months). Consequently, the difference was not statistically significant (P Value =0.5 using Logrank Test).