cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined Analysis of Estrogen Receptor β-1 and Progesterone Receptor Expression Identifies Lung Cancer Patients with Poor Outcome

Purpose: Steroid hormones and growth factors affect lung cancer, and it is possible they act in concert to influence patient outcome. Experimental Design: Primary lung tumors and normal lung tissue were analyzed for expression and localization of estrogen receptor α and β-1 (ERα and ERβ), aromatase, progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Results: Tumors expressed higher levels of ERβ compared to matched normal lung, while the reverse was true of PR. High cytoplasmic ERβ expression was identified as an independent negative prognostic predictor of overall survival (OS) (HR=1.67), and low total PR was identified as an independent negative predictor of time to progression (TTP) (HR=1.59). After adjusting for stage, age, sex and smoking, combined high cytoplasmic ERβ and low total PR showed enhanced effects on OS (HR=2.64) and on TTP (HR=6.02). Further effects on OS were observed when EGFR expression was included (HR=5.32). Patients with low cytoplasmic ERβ, low aromatase, low EGFR and high total PR had shorter OS than patients with the opposite pattern (HR= 6.60). Contribution of these markers to survival showed no significant sex differences in a multivariable model. ERα was elevated in tumors but was not predictive of survival, and appears to represent a variant ERα protein that is only recognized by a C-terminal antibody. Conclusions: Hormonal and EGFR pathways together may contribute to lung cancer prognosis. Lung tumors with high ERβ-1/low PR may define patients with aggressive biology. A validation study is necessary to fully assess the predictive value of these markers.
Mo6Cl12-Incorporated Sol-Gel for Oxygen Sensing Applications

Excitation of hexanuclear molybdenum complexes such as Mo6Cl12 and its derivatives in the ultraviolet results in a strongly red-shifted luminescence centered at 750nm. Since oxygen efficiently quenches the luminescence, these thermally stable inorganic complexes are candidate lumophores for real-time, high temperature optical fiber based sensing of oxygen. Sol-gel films containing the acetonitrile complex of Mo6Cl12 were deposited on quartz substrates by dip coating. After drying, the films were heated at 200∘C for 1 h. The luminescence lineshapes of films before and after heating were unchanged, indicating that heating did not adversely affect the cluster photophysics. Compared to solutions of the acetonitrile complex, quenching by oxygen was smaller in the as-prepared films, but heating at 200∘C for 1 h increased the quenching, apparently due to increased oxygen permeability resulting from the loss of water or other small molecules from the matrix. These results confirm the potential of hexanuclear molybdenum complexes such as Mo6Cl12⋅2CH3CN as the lumophores in fiber optic oxygen sensors that can operate up to 200∘C.
Desmoplastic fibroma of bone with extensive cartilaginous metaplasia

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone is a rare tumor demonstrating the same histologic and biologic features of its soft tissue counterpart, aggressive fibromatosis. We report the second case of desmoplastic fibroma of bone with extensive chondroid metaplasia. The tumor arose in the left ischium of a 51-year-old male, with extension into adjacent musculature as a pseudoencapsulated mass. The infiltrating growth and quality of the fibrous component are characteristic of desmoplastic fibroma, and in addition, abrupt transitions into bland hyalin cartilage were frequent. Discriminating features of this lesion from other bone tumors capable of biphasic expression of fibrous and chondroid elements are discussed.
Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Secrete Cytokines/Growth Modulators That Enhance Cell Survival/Anti‐Apoptosis and Stimulate Colony Formation of Murine Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCL12, released by murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, enhances survival, chemotaxis, and hematopoietic differentiation of murine ES cells. Conditioned medium (CM) from murine ES cells growing in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was generated while the ES cells were in an undifferentiated Oct-4 expressing state. ES cell–CM enhanced survival of normal murine bone marrow myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) subjected to delayed growth factor addition in vitro and decreased apoptosis of murine bone marrow c-kit+lin− cells. ES CM contained interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-10, IL-11, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (CSF), oncostatin M, stem cell factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as a number of chemokines and other proteins, some of which are known to enhance survival/anti-apoptosis of progenitors. Irradiation of ES cells enhanced release of some proteins and decreased release of others. IL-6, FGF-9, and TNF-α, not detected prior to irradiation was found after ES cells were irradiated. ES cell CM also stimulated CFU-GM colony formation. Thus, undifferentiated murine ES cells growing in the presence of LIF produce/release a number of biologically active interleukins, CSFs, chemokines, and other growth modulatory proteins, results which may be of physiological and/or practical significance.
Kappa2 opioid receptors in limbic areas of the human brain are upregulated by cocaine in fatal overdose victims

Cocaine is thought to be addictive because chronic use leads to molecular adaptations within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuitry that affect motivated behavior and emotion. Although the reinforcing effects of cocaine are mediated primarily by blocking DA reuptake into the presynaptic nerve terminal, reciprocal signaling between DA and endogenous opioids has important implications for cocaine dependence. The present study used the opioid antagonist 6 beta-[125iodo]-3,14-dihydroxy-17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan ([125I]IOXY) after pretreatment with the site-directed acylating agents 2-(p-ethoxybenzyl)-1-diethylaminoethyl-5-isothiocyanatobenzimid iazole -HCl (mu-selective) and N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-(4-isothiocyanato)-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-p ropana mide-HCl (delta-selective) to examine the effect of cocaine exposure on the distribution and density of kappa2 receptors in autopsy studies of human cocaine fatalities. The selective labeling of the kappa2 receptor subtype was demonstrated by competition binding studies, which gave a pharmacological signature (IOXY >/= (+)-bremazocine >> U50,488 >/= U69,593) distinct from either the kappa1 or kappa3 receptor subtypes. Visualization of [125I]IOXY labeling revealed that kappa2 receptors localize to mesocortical and subcortical limbic areas, including the cingulate, entorhinal, insular, and orbitofrontal cortices and the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. The number of kappa2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens and other limbic brain regions from cocaine fatalities was increased twofold as compared with age-matched and drug-free control subjects. Cocaine overdose victims, who experienced paranoia and marked agitation before death, also had elevated densities of kappa2 receptors in the amygdala. These findings demonstrate for the first time that kappa2 receptor numbers are upregulated by cocaine exposure. The molecular adaptation of kappa2 receptor numbers may play a role in the motivational incentive associated with episodes of binge cocaine use and in the dysphoria that follows abrupt cocaine withdrawal.
The Children of Nine Lives

today is mine (I claimed) (to) a man a voice I sent you grant me this day is mine (I claimed) (to) a man a voice I sent now here (he) is by Shell Necklace A Teton Sioux Song
Interdisciplinary and Interorganizational Research: Establishing the Science of Enterprise Networks

We review and discuss the evolution of interdisciplinary and interorganizational research in operations management and suggest directions for future investigations. The proposed operations management research focus is one that embraces a more holistic view of an “extended enterprise” which involves working with a new business model—the organization as a network. This methodology starts by treating the organization as a system that is enabled by information technology and is characterized by ubiquitous information sharing across traditional enterprise. Proper integration of technology, business processes and people factors needs to be developed to create higher value from networked enterprises. Operations management research future lies in establishing this science from an interdisciplinary perspective. We analyze this perspective in the context of papers published in the first 50 issues of Production and Operations Management and the related literature.
Pediatricians’ assessments of caries risk and need for a dental evaluation in preschool aged children

Risk-based prioritization of dental referrals during well-child visits might improve dental access for infants and toddlers. This study identifies pediatrician-assessed risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC) and their association with the need for a dentist’s evaluation. A priority oral health risk assessment and referral tool (PORRT) for children < 36 months was developed collaboratively by physicians and dentists and used by 10 pediatricians during well-child visits. PORRT documented behavioral, clinical, and child health risks for ECC. Pediatricians also assessed overall ECC risk on an 11-point scale and determined the need for a dental evaluation. Logistic regression models calculated the odds for evaluation need for each risk factor and according to a 3-level risk classification. In total 1,288 PORRT forms were completed; 6.8% of children were identified as needing a dentist evaluation. Behavioral risk factors were prevalent but not strong predictors of the need for an evaluation. The child’s overall caries risk was the strongest predictor of the need for an evaluation. Cavitated (OR = 17.5; 95% CI = 8.08, 37.97) and non-cavitated (OR = 6.9; 95% CI = 4.47, 10.82) lesions were the strongest predictors when the caries risk scale was excluded from the analysis. Few patients (6.3%) were classified as high risk, but their probability of needing an evaluation was only 0.36. Low referral rates for children with disease and prior to disease onset but at elevated risk, indicate interventions are needed to help improve the dental referral rates of physicians.
A comparison of Bayesian estimators for unsupervised Hidden Markov Model POS taggers

There is growing interest in applying Bayesian techniques to NLP problems. There are a number of different estimators for Bayesian models, and it is useful to know what kinds of tasks each does well on. This paper compares a variety of different Bayesian estimators for Hidden Markov Model POS taggers with various numbers of hidden states on data sets of different sizes. Recent papers have given contradictory results when comparing Bayesian estimators to Expectation Maximization (EM) for unsupervised HMM POS tagging, and we show that the difference in reported results is largely due to differences in the size of the training data and the number of states in the HMM. We invesigate a variety of samplers for HMMs, including some that these earlier papers did not study. We find that all of Gibbs samplers do well with small data sets and few states, and that Variational Bayes does well on large data sets and is competitive with the Gibbs samplers. In terms of times of convergence, we find that Variational Bayes was the fastest of all the estimators, especially on large data sets, and that explicit Gibbs sampler (both pointwise and sentence-blocked) were generally faster than their collapsed counterparts on large data sets.
Additional Perspectives on the Prognostic Significance of Tricuspid Regurgitation: More Lessons From the Study of Patients With Low-Flow Aortic Stenosis∗

Collective appreciation of low-flow, low-gradient (LF-LG) aortic stenosis (AS) has increased significantly in recent times. Clinical practice guidelines [(1,2)][1] provide concordant recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of patients with LF-LG AS with either low left ventricular (LV)
Extracellular Functions for an Intracellular Protein: GRP94/GP96 Interactions with the Mammalian Immune System

GRP94/gp96, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) paralog of Hsp90, elicits anti-tumor immune responses, and in murine model systems, can suppress metastatic tumor progression. Extending from early studies into the identity(s) of tumor-specific antigens, the landmark discovery of an immunogenic function for GRP94/gp96 prompted the hypothesis that GRP94/gp96 functions as a cross-presentation antigen and, by virtue of a peptide binding activity, bears the immunological identity of its tissue of origin. Coincident with this discovery was the observation that GRP94/gp96 directly activates cells of the innate immune system (macrophages and dendritic cells). The paucity of direct evidence in support of an in vivo peptide binding function for GRP94/gp96 has catalyzed further research into the molecular basis for GRP94/gp96 interactions with the mammalian immune system. At present, the in vivo basis for GRP94/gp96 function in tumor immunity remains controversial; nonetheless, these activities identify potential clinical roles for GRP94/gp96 as a cancer immunotherapeutic and potential physiological roles of the protein as a “danger” signal/biological adjuvant. The endogenous cellular function of GRP94/gp96, as an ER-resident molecular chaperone and stress-response protein, also suggests potential roles in tumor biology. The GRP94/gp96 -interacting proteome includes proteins critical for cell-cell interaction and cell signaling, such as members of the integrin family and a subset of Toll-like receptors. As these same processes contribute to tumor growth and/or metastasis, GRP94/gp96 may prove to be a novel target for anti-neoplastic drug discovery
Modeling Credit Card Borrowing by Students

Credit card use has become accepted practice in the US even for students. This places students at risk of creating debt that they may be unable to repay. This paper estimates the borrowing and amount of borrowing decisions jointly using the Tobit model, and the two-step estimation approach that allows for separate estimations. The two models yielded similar results, although qualitative differences were found in four variables: income, race, attitude towards debt and college major. After controlling for socio-economic and attitude effects, other credit card characteristics appear to be more important than interest rate in influencing student credit card borrowing.
Long-term stand dynamics of old-growth mountain longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms and patterns of tree establishment, growth, and mortality are important to management and restoration of savannas, woodlands, and forests. Reference old-growth woodlands and forests can be used as benchmarks for emulating historic structure and spatial and temporal patterns of tree establishment and death. Southeastern USA longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodlands and savannas, formerly extensive ecosystems now considered among the most imperiled in the USA, lack long-term data on growth and mortality, particularly in the mountain provinces. We used permanent plots established in 1999 in two old-growth stands (Caffey Hill and Red-Tail Ridge) in northern Alabama to evaluate changes in stand structure and examine spatial patterns and drivers of growth and mortality over a 15-year period. Both stands experienced substantial tree mortality (12% and 26%) and initial decreases in stand basal area in response to periodic fires; however by 2014 both stands had recovered and exceeded 1999 basal area. Average annual rates of mortality ranged between 1.0% and 1.8% across the two stands. Pine ingrowth over the 15 year period differed significantly by site, with 182.0 and 6.7 new trees ha−1 at Caffey Hill and Red-Tail Ridge, respectively. Stem density (live longleaf pines ha−1) increased by 32% at Caffey Hill and decreased by 16% at Red-Tail Ridge. The ingrowth and mortality of longleaf pine in both stands was significantly spatially clustered. Density-dependent mortality affected smaller pines (2.5–10 cm DBH), accelerating self-thinning of dense patches of young pines. These long-term data illustrate the dynamic nature of two old-growth mountain longleaf pine stands and provide insight into longleaf pine stand dynamics and more broadly to the understanding of dynamics within fire-prone woodlands.
Cigarette smoking and the lungs. Relation to postmortem evidence of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and black lung pigmentation.

(1967). Cigarette Smoking and the Lungs. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 172-177.
Tuning from Half-Metallic to Semiconducting Behavior in SiC Nanoribbons

Half-metallic nanoscale conductors, highly sought after for spintronic applications, are usually realized through metal elements, chemical doping, or external electric fields. By means of local and hybrid density functional theory calculations, we identify pristine zigzag silicon carbide nanoribbons (zSiC-NRs) with bare edges as a metal-free monolayered material that exhibits intrinsic half-metallic behavior without chemical doping or an external electric field. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the half-metallicity is robust at room temperature. We also demonstrate that edge termination with O and S atoms transforms the zSiC-NRs into a full metal or a semiconducting material, respectively, due to the presence of O dimerization only on the Si edge and of S trimerization on both Si and C edges, the latter being driven by an unusual Peierls-like distortion along the functionalizing S atoms. The rich electronic properties displayed by zSiC-NRs may open new perspectives for spintronic app...
The Nationalization of Nature

Nature, too, has a history, and in the late twentieth century that environmental history seems transnational. The millennium closes with fears about the destruction of the ozone layer, global warming, the rise in human populations, the depletion of ocean fisheries, and the loss of biological diversity. None of these problems are national; all are, to varying extents, global. Global environmental events are retrospective as well as prospective. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, historians now argue, pandemics depopulated the Western Hemisphere, ecological invasions precipitated by European expansion began their long march across the world, and climatic change rearranged European agriculture.' But there is something incongruous about global perspectives on the environment: they are to a striking degree confined to the present, the future, and the pre-modern past. In considering the early modern and modern periods-the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and most of the twentieth-historians have de-emphasized the global and transnational and treated environmental issues as largely national. Particularly in the United States, where environmental history is strongest, national boundaries have largely determined studies of the depletion of resources, efforts at conservation and preservation, and ecological change. Historians have often framed such studies below the scale of nation-as regional or local-but they have rarely framed them above it. Environmental histories, it seems, parallel the history of the state, even though it is hard to believe that nature itself does. When writing about eras of strong or rising states, environmental historians make their histories state-based. When writing about eras with few or weak states or those when the state seems to be in decline, historians write in other frames than that of the nation. I raise this issue of the relationship between environmental history and national
Metaphorical communication, self-presentation, and consumer inference in service encounters

Abstract In service encounters, the meaning inferred by a customer is a result of verbal and visual communication. This research focuses on how visual metaphorical communication in a service encounter can evoke the concept of power. We show that when representation of the service provider is at the bottom (versus top) of an image, the consumer's perception of their own power is increased (Study 1). Study 2 demonstrates that power perceptions interact with self-presentational motives to influence intentions to use the service. Further, perceptions of power mediate the effect of visual representation on usage intentions. This occurs only when consumption is public and self-presentational concerns are high. In Study 3, we demonstrate that when the concept of power has little applicability, visual representation of perceived power does not affect intentions to use the service provider. Further, only individuals with a high need for status access the conceptual link between power and visual representation (Study 4). Together, the results further our understanding of the use of visual metaphorical communication in a service encounter.
Power for sensors; sensors for power

As sensors are increasingly deployed in locations removed from mains power and increasingly expected to operate for times that are long compared to battery lifetimes we look to means for "harvesting" or "scavenging" energy from the sensors' operating environments. Whereas many sensors are "parametric" - their interaction with the environment causes a change in one or more of their electrical parameters - many other are true transducers - they perform their sensing function by extracting energy from their environment. These kinds of sensors can thus serve - under suitable operating conditions - both as measuring devices and as power supplies. In this paper we review this background, review the fundamental restrictions on our ability to extract energy from the environment, enumerate and summarize sensing principles that are promising candidates to double as power supplies, and provide several examples that span the range from already off-the-shelf at low cost to in laboratory prototype stage to sufficiently speculative that there might be reasonable doubt regarding whether they can actually work even in principle. Possibilities examined across this spectrum include thermal noise, ambient RF scavenging (briefly), thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and electrochemistry, especially including electrochemistry facilitated by microorganisms.
SiGe BiCMOS technologies for high-speed and high-volume optical interconnect applications

In this paper we will discuss the challenges of circuit design for high-speed and high-volume optical interconnect and how SiGe BiCMOS technologies are best suited to address these challenges. Advantages of SiGe BiCMOS are illustrated through examples of design requirements from optical front-ends (transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and modulator and laser driver) to clock and data recovery (CDR) and serializer and deserializer (SerDes). We will also look ahead to the future and predict product evolution and key requirements of optical interconnects and define the required performance of SiGe BiCMOS technology to address such specifications.
Is Interim/Mid-Treatment PET (interim PET, i-PET) Scan Predictive of Outcome in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma?.

Abstract Abstract 2675 Background: Initial treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involves 6–8 cycles of chemo-immunotherapy and may be curative in 60–65% of patients. However, in the remaining patients, subsequent therapies appear inadequate for long lasting remission. A strategy to improve patient outcomes could involve early identification of patients who do not respond to treatment as expected and then employing different/aggressive treatment modalities in these patients. PET scan done during mid-treatment (interim PET, i-PET) may help identify these patients early. However, the value of i-PET in DLBCL is not established as there is controversy about its prognostic value and studies are ongoing to evaluate its benefit. Aims: To determine predictive value of i-PET on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients. Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of DLBCL patients treated at LSU Health Shreveport, LA, between Jan 2002 – July 2012. All patients were treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy. PET-CT was performed at baseline at time of diagnosis, after 2 to 4 courses (i-PET) and at the end of therapy (final PET, f-PET). Results: Forty-four patients were evaluable for analysis. The median age was 55 years (range 21–84), 32 (73%) were males. Ann-arbor staging showed 5 patients each in stage I and II, 11 patients in stage III, 23 in stage IV, and the median IPI score was 3. Median time to i-PET was after 3 cycles of chemotherapy, and median days to i-PET after chemotherapy were 16. The median follow-up duration from start of chemotherapy was 23 months (range 4 – 89). The PET results were as follows: i-PET negative 30 (68%), i-PET positive 14 (32%) patients. Final PET results were: f-PET negative 33 (75%), f-PET positive 11 (25%) patients. The 3-year PFS was 96.3% and 35.7% for i-PET negative versus positive patients respectively (p Conclusion: Interim/mid-treatment PET (i-PET) scan is predictive of progression free survival but not overall survival for DLBCL patients. A final PET (f-PET) scan is predictive of progression free survival as well as overall survival for DLBCL patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and could also look into the biology of i-PET positive patients by gene expressing profiling (GEP) and evaluate the role of novel agents in modifying the disease course. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
KIR Incompatible NK Cells Effectively Lyse Osteosarcoma Cells.

Abstract Recurrent or metastatic pediatric solid malignancies, including osteosarcoma, carry a dismal prognosis despite modern multi-modality treatment approaches. Although the success of KIR (Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor) incompatible, haploidentical stem cell transplantation has been documented in hematological malignancies in adults and children, this approach has not been thoroughly examined in pediatric solid tumors. In this study, we evaluated the potential for KIR-incompatible lysis of osteosarcoma cells, in vitro. We hypothesized that the killing of osteosarcoma cell targets could be predicted by the degree of inhibitory KIR receptor/ligand mismatch with NK cell effectors. To test this hypothesis, healthy donor NK cells were isolated by magnetic bead sorting and their KIR phenotype determined by flow cytometry. Consistent with previous studies, donor NK cells exhibited a high prevalence of all three relevant inhibitory KIRs (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3, KIR3DL1). Conversely, examination of three established osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, SaOS, and U2OS) demonstrated significant variability in cell surface HLA class I expression, by flow cytometry. QRTPCR analysis of these cell lines revealed variable expression of the three known inhibitory KIR ligands (HLA-C groups 1 and 2, HLA-Bw4). This variable KIR-ligand expression allowed evaluation of NK-mediated lysis of targets with varying KIR receptor-ligand incompatibility. Following a 12-hour incubation of donor NK cells in IL-2, lysis of osteosarcoma targets was measured in an annexin V flow cytometric assay. Osteosarcoma cell lines that expressed fewer KIR ligands consistently showed greater susceptibility to NK-mediated cytotoxicity. These findings were consistent using NK effectors from different donors. Additionally, we observed that at high passage number (>20), SaOS cells demonstrated down-regulation of KIR ligand expression. These changes correlated with increased lysis by the same donor NK cells. Our findings suggest: 1. Variable expression of KIR ligands in osteosarcoma cell lines allows potential susceptibility to KIR-incompatible, NK cell-mediated lysis; 2. The killing of osteosarcoma cells by NK cells can be predicted by the degree of receptor/ligand mismatch; and 3. During expansion, osteosarcoma cells may alter expression of KIR ligands, resulting in increased or decreased susceptibility to lysis by KIR-incompatible NK cells. Further studies are needed to explore the utility of KIR-incompatible, haploidentical stem cell transplantation for patients with high-risk osteosarcoma.
Intraosseous compared to intravenous drug resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract Aims Although the intraosseous (IO) route is increasingly used for vascular access in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), little is known about its comparative effectiveness relative to intravenous (IV) access. We evaluated clinical outcomes following OHCA comparing drug administration via IO versus IV routes. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated Emergency Medical Services (EMS)-treated adults with atraumatic OHCA in a large metropolitan EMS system between 9/1/2012–12/31/2014. Access was classified as IO or IV based on the route of first EMS drug administration. Study endpoints were survival to hospital discharge, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital admission. Results Among 2164 adults with OHCA, 1800 met eligibility criteria, 1525 of whom were treated via IV and 275 principally via tibial-IO routes. Compared to IV, IO-treated patients were younger, more often women, had unwitnessed OHCA, a non-cardiac aetiology, and presented with non-shockable rhythms. IO versus IV-treated patients were less likely to survive to hospital discharge (14.9% vs 22.8%, p = 0.003), achieve ROSC (43.6% vs 55.5%, p Conclusion Though not independently associated with survival to discharge, principally tibial IO versus IV treatment was associated with a lower likelihood of ROSC and hospitalization. How routes of vascular access influence clinical outcomes after OHCA merits additional study.
Changes in) Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Forestry

A consensus on forestry and climate change is worded in Box III.4.13. Many reports link increased forest mortality to various combinations of notable dry and/or hot conditions, such as drought in the tropics from severe El Nino events in 1988 and 1997–1998, the persistent warming and widespread drought over much of western North America since the 1990s, and the extreme heat wave and drought of summer 2003 in western Europe (Allen 2009). There are three possible approaches for adapting forests to climate change: no intervention, reactive adaptation and planned adaptation (preparedness strategies, see Sect. III.4.1.(c)). Unfortunately, most have applied the first category of action or at best the second category (Bernier and Schoene 2009).
The Effects of Deep Pressure Therapies and Antecedent Exercise on Stereotypical Behaviors of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders

In the past decade, the number of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has steadily increased. A common characteristic of ASD is the presence of stereotypical behaviors (e.g., ...
Involuntary Psychiatric Holds in Preadolescent Children

Author(s): Santillanes, Genevieve; Kearl, Y L.; Lam, Chun N.; Claudius, Ilene A. | Abstract: Introduction: Little is known about the use of involuntary psychiatric holds in preadolescentchildren. The primary objective was to characterize patients under the age of 10 years on involuntarypsychiatric holds.Methods: This was a two-year retrospective study from April 2013 – April 2015 in one urbanpediatric emergency department (ED). Subjects were all children under the age of 10 years whowere on an involuntary psychiatric hold at any point during their ED visit. We collected demographicdata including age, gender, ethnicity and details about living situation, child protective servicesinvolvement and prior mental health treatment, as well as ED disposition.Results: There were 308 visits by 265 patients in a two-year period. Ninety percent of involuntarypsychiatric holds were initiated in the prehospital setting. The following were common characteristics:male (75%), in custody of child protective services (23%), child protective services involvement(42%), and a prior psychiatric hospitalization (32%). Fifty-six percent of visits resulted in dischargefrom the ED, 42% in transfer to a psychiatric hospital and 1% in admission to the pediatric medicalward. Median length of stay was 4.7 hours for discharged patients and 11.7 hours for patientstransferred to psychiatric hospitals.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study presents the first characterization of preadolescentchildren on involuntary psychiatric holds. Ideally, mental health screening and services could beinitiated in children with similar high-risk characteristics before escalation results in placement ofan involuntary psychiatric hold. Furthermore, given that many patients were discharged from theED, the current pattern of utilization of involuntary psychiatric holds in young children should bereconsidered.
Structural safety analysis: a combined fuzzy and probability approach

This chapter describes a safety analysis using a combined fuzzy and probability approach for multistory frame structures. The subjective information and uncertain data which must be adequately incorporated into the analysis are described. The current probabilistic approach in treating system and human uncertainties and their inadequacies is discussed. The alternative approach of using fuzzy sets to model and analyze these uncertainties is proposed and illustrated by examples. Fuzzy set models in the treatment of some uncertainties in safety assessment complement probabilistic models and can be readily incorporated into the current analysis procedure. This chapter shows that fuzzy set models can be used to treat various kinds of uncertainties and to complement probabilistic models in the safety assessment of structures.
Plasma Biomarkers of Brain Injury in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objectives To evaluate plasma brain specific proteins and cytokines as biomarkers of brain injury in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and, secondarily, to assess the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) treatment on the relationship between biomarkers and outcomes. Study design A study of candidate brain injury biomarkers was conducted in the context of a phase II multicenter randomized trial evaluating Epo for neuroprotection in HIE. Plasma was collected at baseline ( Results In 50 newborns with encephalopathy, elevated baseline S100B, Tau, UCH-L1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were associated with increasing brain injury severity by MRI. Higher baseline Tau and lower day 5 BDNF were associated with worse 1 year outcomes. No statistically significant evidence of Epo treatment modification on biomarkers was detected in this small cohort. Conclusions Elevated plasma brain-specific proteins and cytokine levels in the first 24 hours of life are associated with worse brain injury by MRI in newborns with HIE. Only Tau and BDNF levels were found to be related to neurodevelopmental outcomes. The effect of Epo treatment on the relationships between biomarkers and brain injury in HIE requires further study. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : 01913340 .
ENZYMATIC PATHWAYS OF DAMAGED NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION

ABSTRACT Py Py correndonucleases I and II from Micrococcus Luteus act exclusively on thymine-thymine, cytosine-cytosine, and thymine-cytosine cyclobutyl dimers in DNA, catalyzing incision 5′ to the damage and generating 3′-hydroxyl and 5′-phosphoryl termini. Both enzymes initiate excision of pyrimidine dimers in vitro by correxonucleases and DNA polymerase I. The respective incised DNAs, however, differ in their ability to act as substrate for phage T4 polynucleotide ligase or bacterial alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that each endonuclease is specific for a conformationally unique site. The possibility that their respective action generates termini which represent different degrees of single strandedness is suggested by the unequal protection by Escherichia coli binding protein from the hydrolytic action of exonuclease VII.
The enzymic defects in Morquio and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome

The mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of heritable diseases which result from defective degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Since the original descriptions of Hunter and Hurler (15,16), there has been an extensive clinical and biochemical literature. The earlier studies have been reviewed elsewhere (10, 25, 33). Studies during the last few years have elucidated the enzyme defects in Hurler, Scheie, Hunter and Sanfilippo A and B diseases (9,26). More recently, several reports have appeared concerned with defects in Maroteaux-Lamy and Morquio diseases (2,4,12,13,23,24,27,31). These two syndromes are distinguished from the other mucopolysaccharidoses by lack of mental retardation in the presence of severe somatic changes. Maroteaux {ulet al}. (22) described a group of patients with marked somatic defects and no mental retardation except that which occurs secondary to the frequent hydrocephalus. In contrast to the excretion of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate in Hurler disease, patients with Maroteaux-Lamy disease excrete only dermatan sulfate. Morquio disease is manifested by spondoepiphyseal dysplasia and corneal clouding.
Random Signals and Systems

Discussion of Probability and Stochastic Processes The Gaussian Distribution in One and Two Dimensions The Multidimensional Gaussian Distribution Finite Random Sequences Stationary Random Sequences Continuous-time Stationary Gaussian and Second-order Processes Nonstationary Continuous-time Processes Additional Topics in the Study of Continuous-time Processes Linear Systems in Conjunction with Memoryless Nonlinear Devices Nonstationary Random Sequences Discrete-time Kalman Filtering Appendixes References Index.
Effect of Biotin on Clinical Laboratory Test Results: How to Avoid Such Interferences?

Abstract Certain immunoassays used in clinical laboratories utilized biotin-streptavidin interaction in assay design. These assays utilize biotinylated antibodies, and if biotin is present in high concentrations in the specimen, it may interfere with test results. Biotin is known to cause positive interference (falsely elevated analyte value) in competitive immunoassays but negative interference (falsely lower analyte value) in sandwich immunoassays. In general, competitive immunoassays are used for analysis of small molecules such as therapeutic drugs and thyroxine, while the sandwich format is used for analysis of large molecules such as proteins and hormones. Normal biotin concentration in serum is very low and has no effect on biotin-based immunoassays. Taking multivitamins that usually contain 30 μg biotin or taking biotin supplement of less than 2.5 mg per day has no effect on biotin-based assays. Usually interference is observed with a biotin dose of 5 mg or higher depending on individual assay but a serum biotin level >500 ng/mL is known to interfere with all biotin-based assays. However, such high biotin concentration is only observed in people taking 100–300 mg biotin/per day. The most commonly reported problem with biotin interference is wrong diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to falsely lower thyroid-stimulating hormone value but falsely elevated free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine values. A serious problem is missed diagnosis of myocardial infarction due to falsely lower troponin I or troponin T levels in a person taking high-dose biotin supplement.
The Moral Choices on CRISPR Babies.

In late November 2018, Chinese scientist Dr. He Jiankui announced at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong that he had used CRISPR/Cas 9 gene editing on two female em...
Unexpected Caregiving in Later Life: Illuminating the Narratives of Resilience of Grandmothers and Relative Caregivers through Photovoice Methodology.

This research study implements photovoice methodology with unexpected caregivers to illuminate the lived experiences of female grandparents and relative caregivers who are raising young children in...
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an insulin-like protein, which regulates growth, development and maintenance of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons. It is found in varying amounts in the venom of all tested poisonous snakes and in the male mouse submaxillary gland. Its first interaction with target neurons is the binding to a cell surface receptor. The occurrence of internalized NGF as well as specific nuclear binding sites, however, suggest a mechanism of action not exclusively mediated through cell surface receptors. A model of the overall mechanism of action of NGF accommodating these observations is proposed. NGF has a variety of effects on the central nervous system (CNS) under experimental conditions: It enhances the regeneration of central adrenergic neurons and it brings forth temporal changes in surface specificity of cultured embryonic chick tectal cells. Furthermore, NGF specific binding sites are found in the synaptosomal fraction of homogenates of embryonic chick brain. In the unperturbed brain, however, no definitive role of the growth factor has been found, and the significance of NGF in the CNS is still an open question.
Determinants of Motivation for Mentoring Among Adults Volunteering to Mentor Youth

Most youth mentoring programs rely on volunteers to serve as mentors to youth. This study investigates factors associated with motivations for volunteering in this capacity, specifically altruistic and self-oriented reasons for becoming a mentor. Because adults who volunteer as mentors and youth mentees typically come from different socio-cultural backgrounds, the study examines demographic characteristics associated with these different motivations. In addition, the study addresses the empathy-altruism hypothesis suggesting that individuals with higher levels of empathy exhibit greater altruistic tendencies. For this analysis, the focus is on ethnocultural empathy and its association with volunteer motivations. The sample consisted of 1,000 volunteers who applied to mentor in 4 agencies affiliated with a national mentoring organization. The results indicated that mentors reporting higher levels of ethnocultural empathy were more likely to endorse altruistic motivations for volunteering. Younger volunteers, female volunteers, and volunteers of color reported higher levels of self-oriented motivations for volunteering. Female mentors, in general, reported higher levels of altruistic motivations for volunteering. Altruism and empathy, particularly the ability to connect with youth across cultural differences, are considered important mentor attributes conducive to healthy mentoring relationships. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
COVID-19 and Mental Health: An Examination of 911 Calls for Service

The purpose of this study was to explore the rate and geographic distribution of 911 calls for service related to mental health issues during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the City of Detroit, MI, USA The results suggest that the total number of calls for mental health issues was at the lowest level when compared with the same time period for the previous 3 years Furthermore, as both the daily reported COVID-19 cases and related deaths increased over time, there was a significant decline in both suicide threats and suicides in progress Significant hot spots were found for the total calls as well as for threats of suicide These hot spots did not coincide with the spatial distribution of reported cases of COVID-19 by ZIP code While higher and lower areas of reported cases were found, these differences by ZIP code were not found to be significant When compared with the previous 3 years of data, the hot spot area was much smaller in 2020, implying that the mental health-related calls for service were more evenly spread throughout the city
Mixed-integer second-order cone optimization for composite discrete ply-angle and thickness topology optimization problems

Discrete variable topology optimization problems are usually solved by using solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP), genetic algorithms (GA), or mixed-integer nonlinear optimization (MINLO). In this paper, we propose formulating discrete ply-angle and thickness topology optimization problems as a mixed-integer second-order cone optimization (MISOCO) problem. Unlike SIMP and GA methods, MISOCO efficiently finds the problem’s globally optimal solution. Furthermore, in contrast with existing MISOCO formulations of discrete ply-angle optimization problems, our reformulations allow the structure to change topology, consider the more realistic Tsai–Wu stress yield criteria constraint, and eliminate checkerboard patterns using simple linear constraints. We address two types of discrete ply-angle and thickness problems: a structural mass minimization problem and a compliance optimization problem where the objective is to maximize the structural stiffness. For each element, one first chooses if the element is present or not in the structure. One can then choose the element’s ply-angle and thickness from a finite set of possibilities for the former case. The discrete design space for ply-angle and thickness is a result of manufacturing limitations. To improve the problem’s MISOCO solution approach, we develop valid inequality constraints to tighten the continuous relaxation of the MISOCO reformulation. We compare the performance of various MISOCO solvers: Gurobi, CPLEX, and MOSEK to solve the MISOCO reformulation. We also use BARON to solve the original MINLO formulations of the problems. Our results show that solving the MISOCO problem’s formulation using MOSEK is the most efficient solution approach.
Isotope shifts in the metastable a 5 F and excited y 5 G o terms of atomic titanium

We measure and analyze the isotope shifts in the multiplet of transitions between the metastable ${a}^{5}F$ and excited ${y}^{5}{G}^{o}$ terms of neutral titanium by probing a titanium vapor in a hollow cathode lamp using saturated absorption spectroscopy. We resolve the five $J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J+1$ and the four $J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J$ transitions within the multiplet for each of the three $I=0$ stable isotopes ($^{46}\mathrm{Ti}, ^{48}\mathrm{Ti}$, and $^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$). The isotope shifts on these transitions allow us to determine the isotope-dependent variation in the fine-structure splitting of the ${a}^{5}F$ and ${y}^{5}{G}^{o}$ levels themselves. Combined with existing knowledge of the nuclear charge radii of titanium nuclei, we derive the specific mass and field shifts, which arise from correlated electronic motion and electronic density at the nucleus respectively, and further observe a strong $J$-dependent variation in each. Our results yield insight into the electronic and nuclear structure of transition metal atoms like titanium and also characterize optical transitions that may allow for optical manipulation of ultracold gases of transition-metal species.
Improving Children’s Reading Comprehension by Teaching Inferences

Reading comprehension is the goal of reading, and making inferences is vital. Authors usually expect readers to make multiple types of inferences, including anaphoric, background knowledge, predict...
RNA-Binding Protein PCBP1/hnRNP E1 is an Intracellular Checkpoint for Shaping Effector Versus Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Cancer

Distinct lineages of T cells can act in response to various environmental cues to either drive or restrict immune-mediated pathology. Immunotherapy involving the block of cell surface immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 has revolutionized treatment of several cancers. However, additional immune regulatory mechanisms remain to be discovered, and will facilitate development of next generation agents to overcome resistance to current therapies. Here, we identify the RNA-binding protein poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) as an intracellular checkpoint that is upregulated in activated T cells to suppress expression of effector T cell-intrinsic regulatory T (Treg) cell-commitment programs. This is critical for stabilizing effector T cell functions and subverting immune-suppressive signals. T cell-specific deletion of Pcbp1 increased Treg development, enlisted multiple inhibitory checkpoint molecules including PD-1, TIGIT and VISTA on TILs, and thwarted anti-tumor immunity. Our results demonstrate a critical role for PCBP1 as an intracellular checkpoint for balancing effector versus regulatory T cells.