cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructure, Strength, and Reaction Products of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Activated by Highly Concentrated NaOH Solution

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag was reacted in 5 M (pH 14.7) and 1.5 M (pH 14.2) NaOH solutions at a water/slag ratio of ∼0.4, and characterized by unconfined compressive strength testing, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The reacted material consisted of a dense layered matrix interspersed with unreacted glass particles and regions of reaction products with higher porosity. CSH(I) and (C, M)4AH13 were identified by x-ray diffraction. The C-S-H (calcium silicate hydrate) phase is proposed to consist mainly of structurally imperfect layers of tobermorite, interleaved with layers of (C, M)4AH13. Other cations, most significantly Na+, are incorporated into the structure. Use of the highly concentrated solution (5 M) produced a higher degree of reaction and, consequently, higher compressive strength (38 MPa after 28 days for 5 M solution vs 21 MPa for 1.5 M).
Assessing the performance of density functional theory for the electronic structure of metal-salens: the d6-metals.

The energies and optimized geometries of the lowest lying singlet, triplet, and quintet states for the Fe(II)−, Co(III)−, Ni(IV)−, Ru(II)−, Rh(III)−, and Pd(IV)−salens have been computed with the B...
Femtosecond X-ray Pulses at 0.4 Å Generated by 90° Thomson Scattering: A Tool for Probing the Structural Dynamics of Materials

Pulses of x-rays 300 femtoseconds in duration at a wavelength of 0.4 angstroms (30,000 electron volts) have been generated by 90° Thomson scattering between infrared terawatt laser pulses and highly relativistic electrons from an accelerator. In the right-angle scattering geometry, the duration of the x-ray burst is determined by the transit time of the laser pulse across the ∼ 90-micrometer waist of the focused electron beam. The x-rays are highly directed (∼ 0.6° divergence) and can be tuned in energy. This source of femtosecond x-rays will make it possible to combine x-ray techniques with ultrafast time resolution to investigate structural dynamics in condensed matter.
Qualified Health Claims on Package Labels

Abstract Qualified health claims arising from the landmark 1999 Pearson v. Shalala ruling were predicted to be in widespread use, either filling an important consumer information void or misleading the masses. Yet the results from the current content analysis, which examines more than 1200 instances in which qualified health claims could have been made, reveal that qualified health claims are relatively uncommon on product packages. Indeed, these claims are less common than their consumer-equivalent structure–function claims and are significantly overshadowed by structure–function claims for which little scientific evidence exists.
Analysis of a printed dipole antenna on a general anisotropic substrate with the method of moment employing eigenvector dyadic green's functions

The method of moments solution for a printed dipole antenna on a grounded general anisotropic substrate is formulated with the eigenvector dyadic Green's functions. The general feasibility of this method is validated by checking the numerical results of a printed dipole on isotropic, biaxial and ferrite substrates with the previous work in which different dyadic Green's functions are used. Furthermore, this method is utilized to study the effect of the biasing magnetic field to the resonant length and radiation patterns of a printed dipole on a gyroelectric substrate.
ViPR: an open bioinformatics database and analysis resource for virology research

The Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR, www.ViPRbrc.org) is an integrated repository of data and analysis tools for multiple virus families, supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC) program. ViPR contains information for human pathogenic viruses belonging to the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Togaviridae families, with plans to support additional virus families in the future. ViPR captures various types of information, including sequence records, gene and protein annotations, 3D protein structures, immune epitope locations, clinical and surveillance metadata and novel data derived from comparative genomics analysis. Analytical and visualization tools for metadata-driven statistical sequence analysis, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, BLAST comparison and sequence variation determination are also provided. Data filtering and analysis workflows can be combined and the results saved in personal ‘Workbenches’ for future use. ViPR tools and data are available without charge as a service to the virology research community to help facilitate the development of diagnostics, prophylactics and therapeutics for priority pathogens and other viruses.
The Year in Clinical Electrophysiology

The paper with the most far-reaching ramifications in the field of device therapy in 2005 was not published in any scientific journal but by an investigative reporter in the New York Times on May 24, 2005 ([1][1]). The article reported that a 21-year-old patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and
Heavily p-type doped ZnSe using Te and N codoping

We have studied photoluminescence (PL) of ZnSe samples codoped with Te and N in δ-layers. We have concluded that Te clusters are involved in the PL. We also compared the PL data of samples with lower Te concentrations to those with higher Te concentrations; the results corroborate the Te-cluster conclusion.
Health insurance and diabetes among multiracial men: the mediation effects of usual source of care.

Background. Health insurance and having a usual source of care is important in diabetes management for multiethnic men. Few studies focus on determining whether usual source of care mediates the as...
Multiple Sequence Elements are Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Squalene Synthase Gene

The expression of human squalene synthase (HSS) gene is transcriptionally regulated in HepG-2 cells, up to 10-fold, by variations in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. An earlier deletion analysis of the 5′-flanking region of the HSS gene demonstrated that most of the HSS promoter activity is detected within a 69-base pair sequence located between nucleotides −131 and −200. ADD1/SREBP-1c, a rat homologue of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c binds to sterol regulatory element (SRE)-1-like sequence (HSS-SRE-1) present in this region (Guan, G., Jiang, G., Koch, R. L. and Shechter, I. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21958-21965). In our present study, we demonstrate that mutation of this HSS-SRE-1 element significantly reduced, but did not abolish, the response of HSS promoter to change in sterol concentration. Mutation scanning indicates that two additional DNA promoter sequences are involved in sterol-mediated regulation. The first sequence contains an inverted SRE-3 element (Inv-SRE-3) and the second contains an inverted Y-box (Inv-Y-box) sequence. A single mutation in any of these sequences reduced, but did not completely remove, the response to sterols. Combination mutation studies showed that the HSS promoter activity was abolished only when all three elements were mutated simultaneously. Co-expression of SRE-1- or SRE-2-binding proteins (SREBP-1 or SREBP-2) with HSS promoter-luciferase reporter resulted in a dramatic increase of HSS promoter activity. Gel mobility shift studies indicate differential binding of the SREBPs to regulatory sequences in the HSS promoter. These results indicate that the transcription of the HSS gene is regulated by multiple regulatory elements in the promoter.
Effects of Complement Depletion on Experimental Allergic Uveitis

The immunopathologic response of guinea pigs to sensitization with retinal ‘s’ antigen has a biphasic character that is dose-dependent. At low dose levels, a non-necrotizing posterior segment inflamma
Electrophysiology of an Insect Heart

Bioelectric activity in single cells of the moth myocardium has been measured in situ with intracellular microelectrodes with particular reference to the bizarre ionic medium which bathes the tissues. Resting potentials averaged 47 mv, inside negative with respect to outside, despite a value of 11 mv calculated on the basis of transmembrane potassium concentration gradients. Action potentials overshoot as much as 12 mv in the virtual absence of extracellular sodium. Two "types" of action potentials have been recorded; one that resembles vertebrate atrial action potentials is found in the cephalic region of the tubular heart, and the other, similar in contour to vertebrate ventricular action potentials, is found in the areas posterior to the first abdominal segment. Histological sections indicate no structural differences between the two areas. Typical cardiac pacemaker type potentials occur but are not topographically localized. The effects of the omission from the perfusion fluid of the four major cationic constituents, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++, on resting and action potentials may be summarized as: no effect, hyperpolarization, prolonged repolarization, and depolarization, respectively.
Kinetic Factors in the Tooth-Plaque-Saliva Model Systems

During the last decade the physical model approach has been leading to a systematic, selfconsistent, mechanistic understanding of the demineralization kinetics of dental enamel reactions in acidic media.1"2 In recent apatite dissolution studies it has aided greatly in defining the exact roles of solution fluoride and strontium and in elucidating the fluoride-strontium-phosphate synergism in retarding acid demineralization.3-5 The proposed model for the tooth-plaquesaliva system is intended to correlate, within the physicochemical framework, the various kinetic factors of the tooth, plaque, and saliva evidenced to be directly or indirectly related to dental caries. In the light of appropriate experimental designs, investigations based on such models often may provide quantitative interrelationships that would not be possible intuitively; this has already been demonstrated in a preliminary study.6
Portable monitor for solar radiation that accumulates irradiance histograms for 32 leaf-mounted sensors

Abstract A novel and inexpensive instrument to monitor solar radiation interception at up to 32 locations simultaneously is described. It employs small-area, lightweight sensors that are leaf-mountable and have very good spectral and angular responses. A portable computer readily controls fast data acquisition and in-field processing to histograms, which are the most general irradiance measures to relate to nonlinear plant responses such as photosynthesis. Two field tests verified the instrument's reliability and operational convenience, and also directly compared radiation interception at space-fixed locations vs. nearby leaves. A number of new physiological and canopy-model tests that the instrument makes possible are described. The monitor is constructed from standard electronic components and may be readily modified for many expanded capabilities.
The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells as a translational model for neurotoxicological risk

An important goal of neurotoxicological research is to provide relevant and accurate risk assessment of environmental and pharmacological agents for populations and individuals. Owing to the challenges of human subject research and the real possibility of species specific toxicological responses, neuronal lineages derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human neuronal precursors have been offered as a potential solution for validation of neurotoxicological data from model organism systems in humans. More recently, with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, there is now the possibility of personalized toxicological risk assessment, the ability to predict individual susceptibility to specific environmental agents, by this approach. This critical advance is widely expected to facilitate analysis of cellular physiological pathways in the context of human neurons and the underlying genetic factors that lead to disease. Thus this technology opens the opportunity, for the first time, to characterize the physiological, toxicological, pharmacological and molecular properties of living human neurons with identical genetic determinants as human patients. Furthermore, armed with a complete clinical history of the patients, human iPSC (hiPSC) studies can theoretically compare patients and at risk groups with distinct sensitivities to particular environmental agents, divergent clinical outcomes, differing co-morbidities, and so forth. Thus iPSCs and neuronal lineages derived from them may reflect the unique genetic blueprint of the individuals from which they are generated. Indeed, iPSC technology has the potential to revolutionize scientific approaches to human health. However, before this overarching goal can be reached a number of technical and theoretical challenges must be overcome. This review seeks to provide a realistic assessment of hiPSC technology and its application to risk assessment and mechanistic studies in the area of neurotoxicology. We seek to identify, prioritize, and detail the primary hurdles that need to be overcome if personalized toxicological risk assessment using patient-derived iPSCs is to succeed.
Encapsulation and sustained release from biodegradable microcapsules made by emulsification/freeze drying and spray/freeze drying

Hollow biodegradable poly(DL-lactide) (PLA) particles with porous shell walls were prepared by freeze drying small droplets of PLA solution formed by emulsification or spraying. The hollow freeze-dried particles were dispersed in water, and the resulting aqueous suspensions were exposed to plasticizing solvents, either dichloromethane or compressed carbon dioxide. The plasticizing solvent causes the pores in the shell wall to close, forming microcapsules surrounding an aqueous core. A water soluble drug, procaine hydrochloride, was successfully encapsulated in the microcapsule core. The encapsulation efficiency is affected by the hollow particle morphology, amount of solvent used, solvent exposure time, surfactant, and method of dispersing the freeze-dried particles in water. The encapsulation process is explained in terms of interfacial free energy of the hollow particles and mobility of the plasticized polymer. Controlled release of procaine hydrochloride from the microcapsules into phosphate buffer solution was observed. The microcapsules had a small burst release, with the remainder of encapsulated drug slowly released over 9 days. The novel hollow PLA particles produced by emulsification/freeze drying and spray/freeze drying can potentially be used as vehicles for controlled release.
Long-Term Effects of Maternal Loss on Vietnamese Amerasians

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the differential effects of maternal, single surrogate, and multiple surrogate caregiving on psychological and educational outcomes in a group of Vietnamese Amerasians. Method Subjects were assessed in Vietnam using several measures of affective and behavioral symptomatology as well as a detailed psychosocial history. Results Amerasians who lived continuously with their biological mothers had fewer symptoms of psychological distress than did either group raised by surrogate caregivers. In addition, those living continuously with either their mothers or a single surrogate had better educational outcomes and experienced fewer geographic relocations than did those raised by multiple surrogates. Conclusions Amerasians who remained continuously with their biological mothers had better overall outcomes than did those raised by surrogate caregivers. Continuous surrogate caregiving appeared to offer some, but not complete, protection from the adverse effects of maternal loss. The clinical significance of these findings for those assessing and treating Amerasians, as well as for those assisting immigration officials with relocation decisions, is discussed. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1993,32,5:1013–1018.
The radiology of external carotid-internal carotid anastomosis

Surgical anastomosis between branches of the external and internal carotid arteries may be beneficial in selected cases of transient ischaemic attacks and reversible ischaemic neurological deficit. It is the responsibility of the radiologist, at the time of initial angiographic evaluation, to recognise patients who might benefit from this procedure. Postoperatively, angiography is valuable in assessing the surgical results. This report describes the investigations necessary for the adequate evaluation of these patients in both the pre- and post-operative state.
Voice Range Profiles of Middle School and High School Choral Directors.

Vocal demands of teaching are significant, and this challenge is compounded for choral directors who depend on the voice for communicating information or demonstrating music concepts. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and intensity of middle and high school choral directors' voices and to compare choral directors' voices with vocally trained and untrained singers and trained healthy and dysphonic voices using a voice range profile. Results indicated that (a) choral directors' vocal intensity range was significantly smaller than both healthy and dysphonic trained voices, (b) choral directors' minimum intensity was significantly higher than healthy and dysphonic trained voices, and (c) vocal frequency ranges of choral directors were reduced as compared with trained and untrained singers and healthy trained voices. The results of this study provide evidence that choral directors are at risk for developing vocal problems. Preservice vocal health training is recommended to reduce voice prob...
A measurement of the total photon proton cross-section at HERA

The total photon-proton cross section has been measured in the process e+ p → e+ + γ* p → e+ + X with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Events were accepted with photon virtuality Q2 < 0.02 GeV2, with average γ* p center-of-mass energy Wγ*p = 207 GeV. The data were recorded in a dedicated, systematics-controlled run with an integrated luminosity of 50 nb-1.
Paracolic recurrence of stage I seminoma

Paracolic recurrence of testicular germ cell tumors is rare and is usually related to incomplete excision of the ipsilateral spermatic cord. We describe a paracolic recurrence outside of the standard radiation field of a low-stage pure seminoma that was managed by chemotherapy and surgical excision, rendering the patient disease free with short-term follow-up.
SCIENCE, THE CHURCH AND REVOLUTION: TIME WARS IN ZOLA‘S LES TROIS VILLES

Etude de la temporalite dans Lourdes, Rome et Paris, qui oppose l'Eglise a la Science, et fait de la trilogie un moment transitoire dans l'oeuvre de Zola
CD4+ T Cells and HIV: A Paradoxical Pas de Deux

When it comes to HIV infection, CD4(+) T cells are usually thought of as the cells that are preferentially infected and killed by the virus. In a new study, Soghoian et al. now show that during the early stages of HIV infection, CD4(+) T cells suppress virus replication and delay disease onset. Thus, the robustness of the CD4(+) T cell response during early HIV infection could be used as a marker to determine the speed of disease progression. The new findings also have implications for the design of preventive and therapeutic AIDS vaccines.
F-Actin Retains a Memory of Angular Order

Modifications can be made to F-actin that do not interfere with the binding of myosin but inhibit force generation, suggesting that actin's internal dynamics are important for muscle contraction. Observations from electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction have shown that subunits in F-actin have a relatively fixed axial rise but a variable twist. One possible explanation for this is that the actin subunits randomly exist in different discrete states of "twist, " with a significant energy barrier separating these states. This would result in very slow torsional transitions. Paracrystals impose increased order on F-actin filaments by reducing the variability in twist. By looking at filaments that have recently been dissociated from paracrystals, we find that F-actin retains a "memory" of its previous environment that persists for many seconds. This would be consistent with slow torsional transitions between discrete states of twist.
Biological Characterization of Major Polypeptides on the Surface of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae

There are two major polypeptides on the surface of spotted fever group rickettsiae that play important roles as immunogens and possibly relate to the pathogenicity of rickettsial diseases. Digestion with trypsin and staphylococcal V-8 protease shows that the 115-kDa protein of Rickettsia conorii is a trypsin-sensitive, surface-exposed protein. The 135-kDa protein is relatively trypsin resistant. Both proteins resist heat treatment up to 52 degrees C and maintain their antigenic reactivity with monoclonal antibodies when the intact rickettsiae are heated. When rickettsiae are dissolved in SDS-containing sample buffer, these polypeptides lose their antigenic reactivity with monoclonal antibodies after incubation at 45 degrees C for 10 min. Staphylococcal V-8 protease does not appear to affect these polypeptides under the current experimental conditions. Monoclonal antibody to the 115-kDa protein reduces rickettsial attachment. The 115-kDa polypeptide may play a role in rickettsial adhesion to the host cell surface.
Raman and infrared spectra, ab initio calculations and normal coordinate analysis of boranedimethyl sulfide

The Raman spectra (3200-40 cm−1) of liquid and solid boranedimethyl sulfide, (CH3)2SBH3, were recorded and depolarization data were obtained from the liquid. Additionally, the infrared spectrum (3200-400 cm−1) of the liquid was obtained. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed based on depolarization data, group wavenumbers and relative intensities and it is supported by normal coordinate calculations. Ab initio calculations were carried out employing the RHF/3-21G*, RHF/6-31G* and MP2/6-31G* basis sets to obtain the structural parameters, the fundamental wavenumbers and the intensities of the infrared bands. The calculated values are compared with the corresponding experimental quantities. The results are discussed and compared with similar quantities for some related molecules.
Dynamic Cell Seeding of Polymer Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Cell seeding of three-dimensional polymer scaffolds is the first step of the cultivation of engineered tissues in bioreactors. Seeding requirements of large scaffolds to make implants for potential clinical use include: (a) high yield, to maximize the utilization of donor cells, (b) high kinetic rate, to minimize the time in suspension for anchorage-dependent and shear-sensitive cells, and (c) high and spatially uniform distribution of attached cells, for rapid and uniform tissue regeneration. Highly porous, fibrous polyglycolic acid scaffolds, 5-10 mm in diameter and 2-5 mm thick, were seeded with bovine articular chondrocytes in well-mixed spinner flasks. Essentially, all cells attached throughout the scaffold volume within 1 day. Mixing promoted the formation of 20-32-micron diameter cell aggregates that enhanced the kinetics of cell attachment without compromising the uniformity of cell distribution. The kinetics and possible mechanisms of cell seeding were related to the formation of cell aggregates by a simple mathematical model that can be used to optimize seeding conditions for cartilage tissue engineering.
Gender differences in unilateral spatial neglect within 24 hours of ischemic stroke

Hemispatial neglect is a common and disabling consequence of stroke. Previous reports examining the relationship between gender and the incidence of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) have included either a large numbers of patients with few neglect tests or small numbers of patients with multiple tests. To determine if USN was more common and/or severe in men or women, we examined a large group of patients (312 right-handed) within 24 hours of acute right hemisphere ischemic stroke. Multiple spatial neglect tasks were used to increase the sensitivity of neglect detection. No differences based upon gender were observed for the prevalence, severity, or a combined task measure of USN.
Sideband evolution of a complex Ginzburg-Landau equation: a three-dimensional dynamical system and its resulting new aperiodic attractor

Abstract The temporal evolution of a resonant sideband system, obtained from a nonlinear evolution equation of Ginzburg-Landau type, is studied. In the phase space of an associated three-dimensional dynamical system, a non-trivial attractor is discovered within certain parameter ranges. The present attractor differs from well-known non-trivial attractors of either Lorenz or Silnikov type in that it does not result from homoclinic bifurcation, but rather relates to the break-down of heteroclinic cycles and the creation of global non-planar limit cycles, and results from the motion of stable and unstable manifolds of three global limit cycles. It shares however some common features of bifurcating sequences: a stable non-planar limit cycle → an aperiodic attractor → a pair of spiral sinks, which in an asymptotic state correspond respectively to periodic, chaotic, or steady modulation of the sideband wave system in physical space.
3β-(p-Trimethylsilylphenyl)tropane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester: A new precursor for the preparation of [123I]RTI-55

Abstract Here we report the synthesis of 3 β -( p -trimethylsilylphenyl)tropane-2 β -carboxylic acid methyl ester, a new, easily prepared precursor for the synthesis of radioiodinated versions of RTI-55. In contrast to the 3 β -(- p -trimethylstanylated) precursor for radioiodination, the aryl silane is prepared directly by the 1,4 addition of p -trimethylsilylphenylmagnesium iodide to anhydroecgonine methyl ester in 49% yield (Scheme 1). Radioiododesilylation proceeded smoothly (approx. 85% radioincorporation after 15 min at room temperature) using 1 μg of the novel precursor in trifluoroacetic acid and chloramine-T as oxidant. Isolated radiochemical yields for 125 I and 123 I radiolabelings were 72 and 48%, respectively, with a calculated specific activity for [ 123 I ] RTI -55 of > 2000 mCi/μmol .
The K-Band Luminosities of Galaxies: Do S0s Come from Spiral Galaxies?*

There are two main theories for the formation of S0 galaxies: that S0 and elliptical galaxies are formed in the same manner ab initio, or that S0s are mainly spiral galaxies from which the gas has been stripped by interactions with either hot cluster gas or other galaxies. Perhaps the best way to test these formation ideas is to calculate the luminosities of S0 and spiral galaxies in the K band, where dust effects for the spiral galaxies are minimal. If S0s are stripped spirals whose star formation has been quenched, we expect from existing models that S0s should be ~0.75 mag less luminous in K absolute magnitudes than early-type spirals. Using the nearly 25,000 galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Survey that have total K magnitudes ≤11.25, we are able to select over 19,000 of these galaxies for analysis. Of these, 10,977 are in the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies and 8230 are not. We separate galaxies by both Hubble type and whether they are in or out of nearby clusters and near or far from us. K-band absolute magnitudes are predicted using the velocity field model of Faber & Burstein for galaxies with a velocity of 6000 km s-1 or less with respect to the cosmic background radiation. We present histograms, medians, and means for galaxies of all Hubble types in absolute K magnitudes. In all cases, we find that giant ellipticals are more luminous than S0s, and that S0s are at least as luminous, if not more luminous, in the K band than are spiral galaxies. The K absolute magnitudes of the S0s compared to those of the spirals show that S0s are not gas-stripped spiral galaxies. While a few S0s can be gas-stripped spirals, as a class they are not. We suggest that the E+A galaxies seen in clusters at moderate redshift are S0s onto which hot gas has cooled, producing a temporary sprinkling of star formation.
Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochromes P450 2E1 and 2B1 by 5-phenyl-1-pentyne.

Abstract A series of acetylenic compounds whose structures were based on “P450 2E1-like” substrates was investigated for their ability to cause inactivation of P450 2E1-dependent p -nitrophenol hydroxylation. The most effective compound with liver microsomes from pyridine-treated rats or with rabbit P450 2E1 in a reconstituted system was 5-phenyl-1-pentyne. The inactivation of purified 2B1, 2E1, a truncated 2E1 lacking amino acids 3–29, 2E1(Δ3–29), or a truncated 2E1 in which threonine 303 was replaced with alanine, 2E1(Δ3–29, T303A), in a reconstituted system by 5-phenyl-1-pentyne was NADPH- and time-dependent and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The maximal rate constants for inactivation, the concentrations that gave half-maximal inactivation ( K I ), and the partition ratios (the number of 5-phenylvaleric acid molecules formed/inactivation event) were determined with each P450. The K I values for 2B1 and 2E1(Δ3–29, T303A) were twice those for 2E1 and 2E1(Δ3–29), and the partition ratios for 2B1 and 2E1(Δ3–29, T303A) were 5–10 times greater than those of 2E1 or 2E1(Δ3–29). During the incubation of P450 2E1 with 5-phenyl-1-pentyne, the loss of P450 as determined by the reduced-CO difference spectra was equal to the loss of catalytic activity. The formation of a heme adduct was demonstrated by HPLC analysis of reaction mixtures containing 5-[ 3 H]phenyl-1-pentyne. HPLC analysis with diode-array detection showed that the Soret region of the proposed heme adduct was different from that of the unmodified heme. The HPLC peak containing the proposed heme adduct was further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and the resulting peaks could result from the addition of a 2-oxo-5-phenylpentyl group to the heme.
Image compression and matching

This paper addresses the novel idea of whether it is possible to perform spatial matching of compressed images. What are the fundamental problems and limitations of limiting the knowledge to that of the compressed image? We present an algorithm which matches transform block encoded images, without performing the decoding stage. The theoretical 2D image matching model is developed and applied to the discrete Karhunen-Loeve transform and the discrete cosine transform. In addition, we discuss the tradeoffs in using our algorithm for matching compressed images. As a validation step, we apply our algorithm to a video sequence and discuss the results for 2D matching and 3D reconstruction. >
INTERMEDIATE-STATE STRUCTURE IN SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS OF INDIUM.

We have studied the intermediate state structure in type I superconducting strips of In with a high resolution magneto-optical method. The strips were about 5 μm thick and 160 μm wide. Both the magnetic structure due to an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the film and the current induced intermediate state due to an electrical transport current in zero external field were investigated. The latter experiments were carried out with average current densities of 105 to 106 A/cm2. From our results and Landau's non-branching model we obtain the wall energy parameter Δ(1.7°K) = 0.76 μm. The current induced intermediate state consists of channels of the normal phase growing abruptly from both edges to the center of the strip. The magnetic field in these channels has opposite orientation for the two sides of the strip. The first channel was observed when the magnetic field of the transport current was about three times the critical field at the sample edge. With increasing current the number of normal channels increases, whereas the width and length of the individual channel remain nearly constant. The abrupt growth of each normal channel from the edge to the center of the strip appears to be analogous to the kink instability in magneto-hydrodynamics. Simultaneously with the current induced magnetic structure resistive voltage appears in the specimen. Die magnetische Struktur des Zwischenzustandes in supraleitenden Filmstreifen aus Indium wurde mit einer hochauflosenden magneto-optischen Methode untersucht. Die Streifen waren 5 μm dick und 160 μm breit. Neben der Struktur, die von einem senkrecht zum Film angelegten auseren Magnetfeld erzeugt wird, wurde auch der Zwischenzustand studiert, der durch einen elektrischen Transportstrom induziert wird. Letztere Experimente wurden mit Stromdichten von 105 bis 106 A/cm2 durchgefuhrt. Unter Verwendung von Landau's Nichtverzweigungsmodel finden wir fur den Wandenergieparameter Δ(1.7°K) = 0.76 μm. Der strominduzierte Zwischenzustand besteht aus Kanalen normalen Materials die abrupt von beiden Seiten zum Zentrum des Streifens wachsen. In diesen Kanalen besitzt das Magnetfeld umgekehrtes Vorzeichen fur beide Seiten des Streifens. Der erste normale Kanal wurde beobachtet, wenn das Magnetfeld des Transportstroms am Streifenrand etwa den dreifachen Wert der kritischen Feldstarke besas. Mit wachsendem Strom steigt die Anzahl der normalen Kanale an, wahrend Breite und Lange des einzelnen Kanals ungefahr konstant bleiben. Das plotzliche Anwachsen eines normalen Kanals vom Rand zur Mitte des Streifens erfolgt analog zur magnetohydrodynamischen “kink”-Instabilitat. Gleichzeitig mit dem Auftreten der strominduzierten magnetischen Struktur wurde ein elektrischer Widerstand in den Proben beobachtet.
The Nature of Morality and Its Implications for Chiropractic Educators in Ethics

It is well known that chiropractic colleges teach ethics and professional responsibility to chiropractic students. Casual observation shows faculty members and college administrators share frustration over the anxiety and hours of work devoted to students that violate these expectations. Although it is clear that chiropractic students are taught to behave in an ethical manner, on what moral ground is this message given? The answer to this question is currently unknown. This article compares ethical relativism, the notion that there are no universal moral principles that transcend culture and personal interpretations, with ethical objectivism, the philosophical opposite of relativism. It seems that if chiropractic educators are to insist on ethical behavior, an understanding of these two ethical theories is necessary for explaining why students ought to behave in certain ways. Since objectivism seems to be the superior ethical system, codes of ethics based on objectivism carry more force than just institutional power, giving students immersed in relativism prior to chiropractic college a robust reason why they ought to be ethical. (J Chiro Humanities 2004;11:11-23)
Preparation of polyimides utilizing the Diels–Alder reaction, II: Bis[N‐(butadienyl‐2‐methyl)] amino arylenes with bismaleimides

Four new bisdienes were prepared from 2-bromomethyl-1,3-butadiene and N,N-diethyl benzidine; bis[4-(N-ethyl) aminophenyl]-p-diisopropylbenzene, 1,4-diamino-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene and α,α′ bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl phenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene. Polyimides were synthesized by the Diels–Alder reaction of these bisdienes and bis(4-maleimidylphenyl)methane and bis(3-maleimidylphenyl) sulfone. The polymers were soluble in m-cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. Moderate thermal stability was observed by thermogravimetric analysis in air and nitrogen.
Systems description of measurement and reconstruction of microgrid polarimeters

In a recent paper we developed a formal theory of demodulation for polarimeters with arbitrary modulation schemes. This theory provides a framework for artifact free reconstruction of polarimetric data provided a band limited scene. Here we apply that theory to three different configurations of 2-D spatially modulated microgrids.
Satisfiability of boolean formulas over linear constraints

Testing the satisfiability of a Boolean formula over linear constraints is not a simple matter. Existing AI systems handle that kind of problems with a general proof method for their Boolean parts and a separate module for combining linear constraints. On the contrary, traditional operations research methods need the problem to be transformed, and solved with a Mixed Integer Linear Programming algorithm. Both approaches appear to be improvable if no early separation is introduced between the logical and numerical parts. In this case, combinatorial explosion can be dramatically reduced thanks to efficient looking-ahead techniques and learning methods. Indeed, propagating bounds following the initial formula gives precious information. Besides, an especially tight linear relaxation can be driven from the formula, and allows a Simplex algorithm to make a good test for satisfiability. Finally, these two looking-ahead methods can be easily coupled for more efficiency and completed by local enumeration. Moreover, discovering a good failure explanation is relatively easy in the proposed framework. By "learning" these explanations, it is possible to prune important redundant parts of the search tree.
Design issues and tradeoffs for write buffers

Processors with write-through caches typically require a write buffer to hide the write latency to the next level of memory hierarchy and to reduce write traffic. A write buffer can cause processor stalls when it is full, when it contends with a cache miss for access to the next level of the hierarchy and when it contains the freshest copy of data needed by a load. This paper uses instruction level simulation of SPEC92 benchmarks to investigate how different write buffer depths, retirement policies, and load-hazard policies affect these three types of write-buffer stalls. Deeper buffers with adequate headroom, lazier retirement policies, and the ability to read data directly from the write buffer combine to substantially reduce write-buffer-induced stalls.
Juvenile dispersal affects straying behaviors of adults in a migratory population

The resilience of organisms to large-scale environmental and climatic change depends, in part, upon the ability to colonize and occupy new habitats. While previous efforts to describe homing, or natal site fidelity, of migratory organisms have been hindered by the confounding effects of fragmented landscapes and management practices, realistic conservation efforts must include considerations of the behavioral diversity represented by animal movements and dispersal. Herein, we quantify straying away from natal origins by adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a wild population that inhabits a pristine wilderness basin. Using natural isotopic signatures (7Sr/86Sr) to reconstruct the migratory behaviors of unhandled individuals over their entire life cycle, we identified ecological and behavioral factors influencing the propensity to stray. Our results indicate that natal site fidelity is scale dependent, ranging from 55% at -1-km distances to 87% at longer (> 10-km scale) distances, and juvenile dispersal and sex highly influence straying occurrence. These findings lend support for the conservation of behavioral diversity for population persistence, and we propose straying as a mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity at low population densities.
Stone-like calcification of hypernephroma

A case of stone-like calcification of renal cell carcinoma is presented. The pattern of calcification in relation to prognosis of renal cell carcinoma is discussed.
Optical sensors for sodium, potassium and ammonium ions based on lipophilic fluorescein anionic dye and neutral carriers

Abstract Thin plasticized polymer membranes doped with a neutral pH chromophore together with selective ionophores have been employed for developing cation optical sensors. The response is based on cation exchange which results in deprotonation of the pH dye, and therefore changes in the membrane absorbance. In this study, optical sensors incorporated with appropriate lipophilic ionophores and a fluorescein anionic chromophore are investigated for the sensing of several small cations. The valinomycin, nonactin and sodium ionophore IV doped membrane films yield optical responses to potassium, ammonium and sodium respectively with detection limits on the order of 10−5.3 M, and improved selectivities compared with ion-selective electrodes based on the same ionophore. Interestingly, the sodium ionophore III doped membrane yields very little response to sodium and other monovalent cations, yet it exhibits significant response to calcium and magnesium. The response principle and application of these optodes are discussed.
Fast breaths, slow breaths, small breaths, big breaths: importance of vagal innervation in the newborn lung

it is well established that vagally innervated mechanoreceptors in the lung influence respiratory frequency and the occurrence of spontaneous sighs (augmented breaths). Are these reflexes vitally important, or do they merely “fine tune” the respiratory pattern? The remarkable vitality and long-
Association of Alanine Aminotransferase and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis-NHANES 2009-2012.

Objective. Alanine Aminotransferase is an enzyme associated with not only liver diseases, liver conditions, and metabolic syndrome, but also inflammation. Periodontitis is associated with increased cytokines and other markers of inflammation. The purpose of this study is to determine if an independent association between Alanine Aminotransferase and periodontitis exists. Methods. Data from the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) were combined. Data concerning periodontitis and Alanine Aminotransferase were extracted and analyzed with Rao Scott Chi-square and logistic regressions. Serum Alanine Aminotransferase was dichotomized at 40 units/liter, and periodontitis was dichotomized to the presence or absence of periodontitis. Results. In bivariate Chi-square analyses, periodontitis and Alanine Aminotransferase were associated () and remained significant in unadjusted logistic regression (OR = 1.30 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.65]). However, when other known risk factors of periodontitis were included in the analyses, the relationship attenuated and failed to reach significance (adjusted OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.85, 1.60]). Conclusion. Our study adds to the literature a positive but attenuated association of serum Alanine Aminotransferase with periodontitis which failed to reach significance when other known, strong risk factors of periodontitis were included in the analysis.
Base flow separation: A comparison of analytical and mass balance methods

Summary Base flow is the ground water contribution to stream flow. Many activities, such as water resource management, calibrating hydrological and climate models, and studies of basin hydrology, require good estimates of base flow. The base flow component of stream flow is usually determined by separating a stream hydrograph into two components, base flow and runoff. Analytical methods, mathematical functions or algorithms used to calculate base flow directly from discharge, are the most widely used base flow separation methods and are often used without calibration to basin or gage-specific parameters other than basin area. In this study, six analytical methods are compared to a mass balance method, the conductivity mass-balance (CMB) method. The base flow index (BFI) values for 35 stream gages are obtained from each of the seven methods with each gage having at least two consecutive years of specific conductance data and 30 years of continuous discharge data. BFI is cumulative base flow divided by cumulative total discharge over the period of record of analysis. The BFI value is dimensionless, and always varies from 0 to 1. Areas of basins used in this study range from 27 km 2 to 68,117 km 2 . BFI was first determined for the uncalibrated analytical methods. The parameters of each analytical method were then calibrated to produce BFI values as close to the CMB derived BFI values as possible. One of the methods, the power function ( aQ b + cQ ) method, is inherently calibrated and was not recalibrated. The uncalibrated analytical methods have an average correlation coefficient of 0.43 when compared to CMB-derived values, and an average correlation coefficient of 0.93 when calibrated with the CMB method. Once calibrated, the analytical methods can closely reproduce the base flow values of a mass balance method. Therefore, it is recommended that analytical methods be calibrated against tracer or mass balance methods.
Introduction to the Cost of Equity

This note introduces the principal alternative methods for estimating the cost of equity, including the dividend-growth model, the earnings-capitalization model, and the CAPM.
6-DOF Pose Estimation of a Robotic Navigation Aid by Tracking Visual and Geometric Features.

This paper presents a 6-DOF Pose Estimation (PE) method for a Robotic Navigation Aid (RNA) for the visually impaired. The RNA uses a single 3D camera for PE and object detection. The proposed method processes the camera's intensity and range data to estimates the camera's egomotion that is then used by an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) as the motion model to track a set of visual features for PE. A RANSAC process is employed in the EKF to identify inliers from the visual feature correspondences between two image frames. Only the inliers are used to update the EKF's state. The EKF integrates the egomotion into the camera's pose in the world coordinate system. To retain the EKF's consistency, the distance between the camera and the floor plane (extracted from the range data) is used by the EKF as the observation of the camera's z coordinate. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method results in accurate pose estimates for positioning the RNA in indoor environments. Based on the PE method, a wayfinding system is developed for localization of the RNA in a home environment. The system uses the estimated pose and the floorplan to locate the RNA user in the home environment and announces the points of interest and navigational commands to the user through a speech interface. NOTE TO PRACTITIONERS This work was motivated by the limitations of the existing navigation technology for the visually impaired. Most of the existing methods use a point/line measurement sensor for indoor object detection. Therefore, they lack capability in detecting 3D objects and positioning a blind traveler. Stereovision has been used in recent research. However, it cannot provide reliable depth data for object detection. Also, it tends to produce a lower localization accuracy because its depth measurement error quadratically increases with the true distance. This paper suggests a new approach for navigating a blind traveler. The method uses a single 3D time-of-flight camera for both 6-DOF PE and 3D object detection and thus results in a small-sized but powerful RNA. Due to the camera's constant depth accuracy, the proposed egomotion estimation method results in a smaller error than that of existing methods. A new EKF method is proposed to integrate the egomotion into the RNA's 6-DOF pose in the world coordinate system by tracking both visual and geometric features of the operating environment. The proposed method substantially reduces the pose error of a standard EKF method and thus supports a longer range navigation task. One limitation of the method is that it requires a feature-rich environment to work well.