cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to Comments on “Thinking About Our Work: Supervision”

77 1 Professor Emeritus, University of Cincinnati. Correspondence should be addressed to Walter N. Stone, MD, 23 DeSilva Island Drive, Mill Valley, CA 94941. E-mail: w_stone@comcast.net. I was very pleased to read the comments on “Thinking About Our Work: Supervision.” Becoming a supervisor is ordinarily a rite of passage in organizations. When more junior people gain experience, they are elevated to supervisor, but often without much preparation or tutelage. Tzachi Slonim focuses on my suggestion that the supervisor establish learning objectives and suggests that such a stance would be evaluative and paternalistic. I believe there is a misunderstanding of what I mean, in that setting goals, in my view, would be a collaborative effort and would be open to revision as the process unfolds. However, I think this could be accomplished within the framework that he describes. The student often doesn’t know what he needs to know when he begins, nor is he aware of his inevitable blind spots. Part of being a good supervisor is helping supervisees reflect on the process of their work and become self-reflective and, in a nonpunitive way, self-critical. Slonim’s proposals, I believe, help accomplish this, using an approach that has a major experiential component. He describes a group for supervisees in which he broadens the tasks to bring in any professional dilemma, to speak about reactions to others in the group, and to study the process of the supervision group. The goal of such instruction seems to be to free up the students so they can “play.” I believe he is right on when he notes that we all are taught that we should be goal oriented, sticking to task and not allowing ourselves freedom to “play.” In one respect, Slonim is creating an approach that helps to “unlearn” these old habits. I don’t think it is much of a stretch to imagine that group supervision that incorporates Slonim’s ideas (not only his ideas but also the ways he offers himself as a model) will convey to the supervisees a model for freedom and creativity. I can imagine in this kind of group supervision of supervisors exchanges
Metacognitive Tutoring for Scientific Modeling.

In this paper, we present a set of metacognitive tutors for teaching scientific inquiry-driven modeling. We describe the MeTA architecture in which the tutors are implemented and experiences with an initial pilot study.
1.74-µW/ch, 95.3%-accurate spike-sorting hardware based on Bayesian decision

This paper presents algorithm/hardware co-design for real-time unsupervised spike sorting hardware for reducing power and improving sorting accuracy. We devise an algorithm based on Bayesian decision, which enables high accuracy while using noisy and simple time-domain features. Those simple features significantly reduce computation complexity, memory requirement, and thus the required number of cycles per sorting. The latter, coupled with the sparsity of spikes in time, makes the hardware idle for most of time, and thus we employ aggressive power gating and balloon latches to sleep most of the circuits and wake them up only when a spike is detected for maximal power savings. The hardware prototyped in a 65nm achieves higher accuracy at lower power than the existing arts.
Coded aperture pairs for depth from defocus

The classical approach to depth from defocus uses two images taken with circular apertures of different sizes. We show in this paper that the use of a circular aperture severely restricts the accuracy of depth from defocus. We derive a criterion for evaluating a pair of apertures with respect to the precision of depth recovery. This criterion is optimized using a genetic algorithm and gradient descent search to arrive at a pair of high resolution apertures. The two coded apertures are found to complement each other in the scene frequencies they preserve. This property enables them to not only recover depth with greater fidelity but also obtain a high quality all-focused image from the two captured images. Extensive simulations as well as experiments on a variety of scenes demonstrate the benefits of using the coded apertures over conventional circular apertures.
Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Improves a Marker of Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: SCD is associated with significant morbidity and early mortality. Cardiopulmonary complications are increasingly being recognized as a common cause of death in adult patients with SCD. Further, both systolic dysfunction and an E/A ratio <1 (which suggests diastolic dysfunction) have been associated with premature mortality. HSCT is currently the only curative option available for patients with SCD. In this work, we sought to determine whether transthoracic echocardiographic (ECHO) parameters of either systolic or diastolic dysfunction improve after HSCT. Methods: Patients with SCD who underwent nonmyeloablative HLA-matched sibling or haploidentical HSCT between September 2004 and July 2013 were included in this analysis. Patients undergoing HLA-matched sibling HSCT were conditioned with 300cGy total body irradiation (TBI) and alemtuzumab. Patients that received haploidentical HSCT were conditioned with 400cGy TBI and alemtuzumab. They further received post-transplant cyclophosphamide doses ranging from 0 to 100mg/kg. Laboratory and ECHO parameters performed at baseline were compared to those performed at one year post-HSCT. Normal E/A ratio was defined as >1, left atrial volume index (LAVI) as 55%. Results: 42 patients who had ECHOs performed within the specified time frame were analyzed: 30 underwent HLA-matched sibling HSCT and 12 received haploidentical HSCT. Mean + standard deviation patient age at the time of HSCT was 32+10 years. 25 (60%) were male. The transplant was successful in 33 of the 42 (79%) patients. Hemoglobin increased from 8.8+1.8 at baseline to 11.4+2.1mg/dL at 1 year post-HSCT (p 0.05). When controlling for the increase in hemoglobin, there was no significant decrease in LAVI. When only evaluating the 6 patients with an E/A ratio <1, all successfully transplanted, mean age was 41.2+14.9 years, and all except 1 were male. Hemoglobin increased from 8.3+1.2 at baseline to 10.7+1.7mg/dL at 1 year post HSCT, though the change was not statistically significant in this small sample size (p=0.08). E/A ratio increased significantly from 0.79+0.12 at baseline to 1.13+0.38 at 1 year post HSCT (p=0.03). While 3 patients had an EF <55%, there were no patients transplanted with an EF <50%; therefore improvement in EF could not be assessed in patients with significant systolic dysfunction. Conclusions : In patients with normal diastolic and systolic function, small changes in EF and E/A ratio were seen; however, the values remained within the normal range. LAVI improved, but unlike E/A ratio and EF, there was a significant correlation with hemoglobin level. Patients with diastolic dysfunction had an increase in E/A ratio to within the normal range. Our results demonstrate an improvement in one marker of early mortality in patients with SCD. A larger study is indicated to determine whether a low E/A ratio should be considered as an indication for nonmyeloablative HSCT in patients with SCD. Disclosures Off Label Use: Alemtuzumab for HSCT is an off-label drug use..
Spontaneous topological transitions of electromagnetic fields in spatially inhomogeneous CP-odd domains

Metastable $CP$-odd domains of the hot QCD matter are coupled to QED via the chiral anomaly. The topology of electromagnetic field in these domains is characterized by magnetic helicity. It is argued, using the Maxwell-Chern-Simons model, that spatial inhomogeneity of the domains induces spontaneous transitions of electromagnetic field between the opposite magnetic helicity states.
Ovulation induction in women age 40 and older: the importance of basal follicle-stimulating hormone level and chronological age.

Objectives To determine pregnancy and livebirth rates for women age 40 and older undergoing ovulation induction and to assess the impact of basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on outcome in these patients. Design Prospective, observational. Setting Fertility service of university medical center. Patients Infertile couples in whom the female partner was age 40 or older referred for ovulation induction therapy. Intervention Assessment of basal hormonal status; ovulation induction. Main Outcome Measures Clinical pregnancy rate (PR), livebirth rate. Results Analysis of 402 cycles in 85 women age 40 and older demonstrated a clinical PR of 3.5% per cycle (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7% to 5.3%). The livebirth rate was 1.2% per cycle (95% CI 0.1% to 2.3%). Women with a basal FSH P R 2 =0.94; P Conclusions Pregnancy and livebirth rates are generally low during ovulation induction in women age 40 and older. In combination, basal FSH and chronological age are accurate predictors of PR, in these couples and can define a subset of patients with a more favorable prognosis. The spontaneous abortion rate in women who do conceive is high, substantially lowering the livebirth rate.
A historical comparative perspective on theory development in organization studies

Theory is an integral part of research. Recently, scholars have been concerned with simple consumption of theory in organization studies. Echoing this concern, we conducted an historical analysis of theory development in the field of management and organization. We commenced our inquiry by reading social theories and searching articles that cited the theorists in institutional theory and organization studies. Through juxtaposing social theories and organization literature, we intend to decipher the historical trajectory of social theory importation and domestication in institutional theory and organization studies. We found that organization scholars “domesticated” social theories by modifying and altering the meanings of social theory to cater to a more orthodox research agenda; the translation and transformation, to some extent, contribute to the limitations of institutional theory. We argue that in order to advance theory, future researchers ought to understand how meanings change when importing and do...
Sulfodiicoccus acidiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a sulfur-inhibited thermoacidophilic archaeon belonging to the order Sulfolobales isolated from a terrestrial acidic hot spring.

A novel thermoacidophilic archaeon, strain HS-1T, was isolated from the Hakone Ohwaku-dani hot spring in Japan. Cells of strain HS-1T in exponential phase were cocci to irregular cocci with a diameter of 0.8–1.5 µm. The strain grew within a temperature range of 50–70 °C (optimal: 65–70 °C), a pH range of pH 1.4–5.5 (optimal: pH 3.0–3.5) and a NaCl concentration range of 0–2.5 % (w/v). The novel strain grew in aerobic conditions but did not grow anaerobically. Moreover, this strain utilized various complex substrates (beef extract, casamino acids, peptone, tryptone and yeast extract) and sugars (arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose and lactose) as sole carbon sources. No chemolithoautotrophic growth occurred on elemental sulfur, pyrite, K2S4O6, Na2S2O3 or FeSO4 . 7H2O; however, growth by the oxidation of hydrogen occurred weakly. The core lipids were calditoglycerocaldarchaeol (CGTE) and caldarchaeol (DGTE). The DNA G+C content of the strain was 52.0 mol%, which was remarkably higher than those of known species of the order Sulfolobales (31–46.2 %). The growth of the strain was significantly inhibited in the presence of elemental sulfur. Analyses of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequences showed that HS-1T belonged to the order Sulfolobales ; however, it was distantly related to all known species of the order Sulfolobales (less than 89 % sequence similarity). On the basis of these results, we propose the novel genus, Sulfodiicoccus, in the order Sulfolobales (in the family Sulfolobaceae ). The type species of the genus is Sulfodiicoccus acidiphilus sp. nov., and the type strain of the species is HS-1T (=JCM 31740T=InaCC Ar79T).
When and How to Perform Cultures on Chronic Wounds

Purpose The purpose of this Evidence-Based Report Card was to examine current best evidence related to when and how to perform cultures on chronic wounds to guide clinicians in determining the appropriate treatment. Question (1) When should cultures be performed on chronic wounds? and (2) What is the best method or technique to perform a culture on a chronic wound? Search strategy A search of the literature was performed, resulting in 45 publications relevant to the topic. Following a review of titles and abstracts, 7 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria. Key search terms used were "chronic wound," "chronic infected wound," "wound culture," "specimen collection," and "wound swab." Strength of the evidence was rated based on the methodology from Essential Evidence Plus: Levels of Evidence and Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, adapted by Gray and colleagues. Findings Seven studies were identified as pertinent to the topic on wound culture and meeting inclusion criteria. The study designs included 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 quasi-experimental comparative study, 1 systematic review, 1 scoping literature review, 1 integrative literature review, and 2 professional organization expert panel reviews (consensus statement and position statement). Of the 7 studies, 3 studies suggest that classic signs of infection may not always be present but culturing may be indicated when additional signs such as pain, necrotic tissue, prolonged or delayed healing, and wound bed deterioration occur. Four studies report that a quantitative culture of wound tissue is the gold standard to obtain a wound culture, but the swab method is an acceptable alternative option. Two articles demonstrate the Levine technique is more reliable than the Z-technique to determine microbial load in the wound bed. The strength of the evidence was identified as 2 level A studies, 1 level B study, and 4 level C studies. Using Johns Hopkins methodology, the quality of the studies was deemed either high quality or good quality. Conclusion/recommendation Evidence indicates that identification of potential chronic wound infection should be considered early using clinical signs such as pain, necrotic tissue, delayed healing, and wound deterioration (in addition to classic signs of infection) to determine the need for collecting a culture (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy [SORT] level 2); and when a culture is deemed necessary, swab culture using the Levine method is a clinically practical alternative if performed correctly (SORT level 1).
The Ongoing U.S. Health Care Crisis: A Data Update.

While efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act were narrowly defeated, grave problems in health care persist. Twenty-eight million remain uninsured, a number that is likely to increase. Millions more who have coverage cannot afford care because of high cost-sharing requirements. Meanwhile, the corporate takeover of medical care in the United States is at a gallop. This article provides a brief precis of recent data on U.S. health policy.
Myocardial conduction network visualized by magnetic resonance microscopy/diffusion imaging and validated by histology.

Background Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), combined with high resolution diffusion imaging, has been used to identify tractography that corresponds to the known distribution of cardiac conducting fibers in the left ventricle. The conducting network transits through the myocardial tissue in different orientations, and with different characteristics. In order to validate that the observed fibers calculated from the diffusion data correspond to cardiac conducting fibers, we performed immunohistochemical staining on distinct regions of the myocardium.
Drugs in pregnancy. Respiratory disease.

Respiratory illnesses are the commonest cause of patient visits to physicians. Although the common cold, sinusitis and bronchitis may be lacking in drama, they account for a substantial amount of morbidity among women of reproductive age and are frequently encountered by physicians caring for pregnant women. Present knowledge about the management of these common conditions and the safety of the medications often used to treat them are reviewed in this chapter. Asthma and community-acquired pneumonia are more serious respiratory illnesses that are also often encountered in pregnancy. Present evidence suggests that community-acquired pneumonia is best treated empirically, with additional investigation usually necessary only if there is a failure of initial treatment. The recognition of asthma as an inflammatory condition has led to a very specific approach to its management that can readily and safely be applied to the pregnant woman. Treatment of HIV and tuberculosis should not be withheld during pregnancy because of the life-threatening nature of these infections and the importance of preventing vertical transmission.
The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome

Abstract THE IDIOPATHIC hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a leukoproliferative disorder, or more likely disorders, marked by a sustained overproduction of eosinophils. The distinctiveness of the syndrome, in addition to its eosino-philia, is its marked predilection to damage specific organs, including the heart. Such cardiac pathology is not unique to the idiopathic HES, because it may develop with eosinophilia associated with other diseases with identifiable etiologies. Conversely, yet enigmatically, not all patients with hypereo-sinophilia develop the organ damage characteristic of the HES. There are no specific tests diagnostic of the HES rather, the syndrome is defined by the combination of unexplained prolonged eosinophilia and evidence of organ involvement. We first review the more common and variable hematologic and clinical manifestations of this disorder because these are the features encountered clinically and that must be explained by investigation of the pathogenesis of HES. After considering the current understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the manifestations of HES, we review the therapies that may be used for HES.
Aggregation Patterns of Sensory Sensillae in the Food Canal and Cibarium of Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae).

Although mean body lengths of females were significantly greater than males in individuals drawn from two Haematobia irritans (L.) sample populations (n = 20 females and n = 20 males from West Virginia; n = 20 females and n = 20 males from Georgia), there were no significant differences in food canal lengths for females versus males at either site. Variable numbers (21–37) of setiform sensillae occurred throughout the length of the food canal, but such sensillae were significantly aggregated in the distal-most canal region of both sexes at both sites. There was no significant difference in mean numbers of food canal setiform sensillae between females and males. Four basiconic (campaniform) sensillae were consistently observed in the food canal of every fly; always aggregated in the distal-most canal region. Setiform sensillae in the cibarium also varied in number (6–13), but were significantly aggregated in the median and proximal cibarial regions. Four (occasionally three) peg-like basiconic sensillae were also observed in the cibarium of sample individuals; always in the distal and distal median regions of both sexes. Sensory sensillae (both setiform and basiconic) in both the food canal and cibarium were similarly aggregated for both sexes at both sites. Aggregation of setiform and basiconic sensillae in the food canal suggests that the distal canal region is most critical for sensory input regarding monitoring blood flow, and stress forces brought to bear on the cuticle as the labrum tip penetrates the host’s skin.
Continuous-Time Two-Stage Feedback Controller Design

In this chapter, we first present a general algorithm for a two-stage feedback controller design for linear continuous-time, time-invariant, dynamic systems following the results of Radisavljevic-Gajic and Rose (2014), Sect. 2.1. The proposed design significantly reduces the computational requirements and provides flexibility of designing different types of controllers for different dynamic parts of the system – subsystems that form the given system.
Arthroscopic treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries in paediatric and adolescent patients

We assessed outcomes of 43 paediatric and adolescent patients (44 wrists) undergoing arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex surgery by a single surgeon between 2003 and 2016. Medical records were reviewed for clinical, imaging, and operative data. Preoperatively, 49% of patients had additional diagnoses and mean QuickDASH was 47. Patients were telephoned to assess current wrist pain, subsequent treatment(s), satisfaction, and to complete QuickDASH and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation questionnaires. Twenty-five patients responded with mean follow-up of 70 months (minimum 13 months). In those patients not reached by telephone, mean clinical follow-up was 21 months. Seven patients had subsequent surgery (most commonly ulnar shortening osteotomy); this was associated with lower satisfaction scores. At final follow-up, mean QuickDASH was 4, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation 8 and patient and parent satisfaction scores were 9 and 9 out of 10, respectively. In conclusion, arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex treatment in paediatric patients yielded favourable outcomes and patient/parent satisfaction. Level of evidence: IV.
Candidate List Maintenance in High Utility Sequential Pattern Mining

High utility sequential pattern mining (HUSPM) lends the aspect of item value or importance to sequential pattern mining by identifying patterns that comprise a significant level of utility in a database. This paper addresses the challenge of establishing upper bounds on future candidate pattern utilities in an effort to reduce the search space required to identify the full set of patterns, and proposes a new approach where a list of possible candidate concatenation items is maintained. This list specifies the only items that ever need to be considered as possible candidates for concatenation with a sequential pattern being considered, or any future sequential pattern appearing as a descendant in the search tree. As a result of the elimination of items that are known to have no possibility of appearing in future high utility sequential patterns, an approach is presented that exploits this knowledge and computes a significantly tighter upper bound on the utilities of the such patterns. Tests on a variety of publicly available datasets show a dramatic reduction in the number of candidates considered, and the time taken to identify the full set of high utility sequential patterns is significantly reduced accordingly.
Public Attitudes Toward the Handicapped

An hour at an airport or in a museum must convince an observer that individuality is the most salient feature of the human species. The people come in so many sizes, shapes, and arrangements of features, express so many moods, behave so diversely, and exhibit clothing, hairstyles, and cosmetic transformations of such variegated texture and taste as to assure us that each person is a product of biological and social forces that have collaborated to make something unique.
Evidence for the impact of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity of primary culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes

Homeostasis of proteins involved in contractility of individual cardiomyocytes and those coupling adjacent cells is of critical importance as any abnormalities in cardiac electrical conduction may result in cardiac irregular activity and heart failure. Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a stress-induced protein whose role in stabilizing myofibril proteins as well as protein quality control pathways, especially in the cardiac tissue, has captured much attention. Mutations of BAG3 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications such as dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, we have used an in vitro model of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to investigate potential impacts of BAG3 on electrophysiological activity by employing the microelectrode array (MEA) technology. Our MEA data showed that BAG3 plays an important role in the cardiac signal generation as reduced levels of BAG3 led to lower signal frequency and amplitude. Our analysis also revealed that BAG3 is essential to the signal propagation throughout the myocardium, as the MEA data-based conduction velocity, connectivity degree, activation time, and synchrony were adversely affected by BAG3 knockdown. Moreover, BAG3 deficiency was demonstrated to be connected with the emergence of independently beating clusters of cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, BAG3 overexpression improved the activity of cardiomyocytes in terms of electrical signal amplitude and connectivity degree. Overall, by providing more in-depth analyses and characterization of electrophysiological parameters, this study reveals that BAG3 is of critical importance for electrical activity of neonatal cardiomyocytes.
Development of parafermion-supporting platform based on fractional quantum Hall spin transitions (Conference Presentation)

I will introduce a new platform based on spin transitions in the fractional quantum Hall effect regime where parafermions - higher order non-abelian excitations - can be realized. Local (gate) control of spin transition allows formation of isolated domain walls, which consist of counter-propagating edge states of opposite polarization with fractional charge excitations. When superconductivity is induced into such a domain wall from superconducting contacts via proximity effect, parafermions are expected to be formed at the domain wall boundaries. In a multi-gate device a re-configurable network of domain walls can be formed allowing creation, braiding, manipulation and fusion of parafermions. In respect to the quantum computing application parafermons are more computationally intense than Majoranas and are a building block for Fibonacci fermions, even high order non-Abelian particles that can perform universal gate operations within the topologically protected subspace.
Mechanism of Interaction between the Heavy Chain of Factor VIII and Thrombin.

Factor VIII is activated by proteolytic cleavages catalyzed by thrombin or factor Xa. An earlier study indicated that thrombin binding within the C2 domain facilitated cleavage at Arg1689 of factor VIII light chain (Nogami et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25774–25780). However, thrombin-interactive region(s) within the heavy chain involved with cleaving the A1-A2 and A2-B domainal junctions remain to be determined. Several approaches were employed to examine the interactions between factor VIII heavy chain and thrombin. Fluorescence energy transfer using acrylodan-labeled A1 or A2 subunits (fluorescence donors) and a fluorescein-labeled, Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone active site-modified thrombin (Fl-FPR-thrombin; fluorescence acceptor) showed that FPR-thrombin bound to the A2 subunit with an ~6-fold higher affinity (Kd =36.6 nM) compared with the A1 subunit (Kd=234 nM). Solid phase binding assays using immobilized thrombin S205A, where the active-site Ser205 was converted to Ala by site directed mutagenesis, showed that the binding affinity of A2 subunit was ~3-fold greater than that of A1 subunit. Similar solid phase assays indicated that hirudin, a ligand for anion-binding exosite I of thrombin (ABE-I), effectively blocked thrombin interaction with A1 subunit while having little if any effect on its interaction with A2 subunit. Conversely, heparin, which binds ABE-II, blocked thrombin interaction with A2 subunit while showing only a marginal effect on A1 subunit binding. To identify an interactive site for thrombin in the A2 domain, we focused on two regions containing clustered acidic residues ( 389 GluGluGluAspTrpAsp 394 and 720 GluAspSerTyrGluAsp 725 ), which are localized near the N- and C-termini of the A2 domain, respectively. SDS-PAGE analyses using isolated factor VIII heavy chain as substrate showed peptides with the sequences 373–395 and 719–740 encompassing these acidic regions, blocked thrombin cleavage at both Arg372 (A1–A2 junction) and Arg740 (A2–B junction) while a 373–385 peptide did not block either cleavage. The 373–395 and 719–740 peptides competitively inhibited A2 binding to S205A thrombin in a solid phase assay (Ki=11.5 and 12.4 μM, respectively), and quenched the fluorescence of Fl-FPR-thrombin. These data demonstrate that both A2 terminal regions support interaction with thrombin. Furthermore, a B-domainless, factor VIII double mutant D392A/D394A was constructed and possessed specific activity equivalent to a severe hemophilia phenotype (
Reduced limbic microstructural integrity in functional neurological disorder.

Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a condition at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Individuals with FND exhibit corticolimbic abnormalities, yet little is known about the role of white matter tracts in the pathophysiology of FND. This study characterized between-group differences in microstructural integrity, and correlated fiber bundle integrity with symptom severity, physical disability, and illness duration. Methods A diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was performed in 32 patients with mixed FND compared to 36 healthy controls. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were collected along with patient-reported symptom severity, physical disability (Short Form Health Survey-36), and illness duration data. Weighted-degree and link-level graph theory and probabilistic tractography analyses characterized fractional anisotropy (FA) values across cortico-subcortical connections. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Compared to controls, FND patients showed reduced FA in the stria terminalis/fornix, medial forebrain bundle, extreme capsule, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, corpus callosum, and striatal-postcentral gyrus projections. Except for the stria terminalis/fornix, these differences remained significant adjusting for depression and anxiety. In within-group analyses, physical disability inversely correlated with stria terminalis/fornix and medial forebrain bundle FA values; illness duration negatively correlated with stria terminalis/fornix white matter integrity. A FND symptom severity composite score did not correlate with FA in patients. Conclusions In this first DTI study of mixed FND, microstructural differences were observed in limbic and associative tracts implicated in salience, defensive behaviors, and emotion regulation. These findings advance our understanding of neurocircuit pathways in the pathophysiology of FND.
Ibuprofen Overuse Leading to Life-threatening Hypokalemia Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis in Two Patients.

Ibuprofen is a commonly used medication in the United States and is used both by prescription and over the counter, while hypokalemia is a life-threatening condition caused by various etiologies, one of which is the side effect of medications. Ibuprofen is well-known for its various nephrotoxic side effects, including hyperkalemia as a common electrolyte abnormality, however, renal tubular acidosis leading to hypokalemia with the use of ibuprofen has been reported rarely. We present here two cases of life-threatening hypokalemia due to over-the-counter use of large doses of ibuprofen and describe its management.
First, Let’s Kill All the Intellectual Property Law yer s!: Musings on the Decline and Fall of the Intellectual Property Empire

This Article examines current trends at reducing intellectual property protection both domestically and internationally through both public access doctrines such as fair use, and the disturbing trend toward a resurrection of the doctrine of election. The Article examines the historic and economic role of intellectual property in incentivizing creativity. It explores the balance required between IPR incentivization and public welfare needs to establish a workable international protection system for intellectual property rights. It recommends that the trend toward election and present hostility to IPR protection be slowed so that studies can be undertaken to quantify the incentivizing aspects of IPR protection internationally. Such studies would enable critical balances between between incentivization and public welfare to be determined in an objective manner. Such objectivity is critical in establishing development policies for today’s globalized economy.
Early complications of primary total hip replacement performed with a two-incision minimally invasive technique. Surgical technique.

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTotal hip replacement performed through a small incision theoretically results in less trauma to the underlying structures, reduced blood loss, less pain, and a shorter hospital stay, but it may result in increased complications, particularly early in a surgeon's experience with a
Teacher Enrichment Initiatives: Supporting Teachers Who Are at the Frontline of Our Nation's Future.

Abstract Teachers are charged with connecting classroom science to real-world applications; however, opportunities for teachers to experience real-world applications in the life and biosciences are limited. When provided the opportunity to engage in hands-on learning experiences, teachers’ capacity to connect classroom activities to real-world applications increases. Generally, teacher professional development training is not experiential and is delivered through secondary sources. Providing teachers with authentic experiences within the local STEM ecosystem enables teachers to strengthen the connections between classroom science and careers. The Teacher Enrichment Initiatives (TEI) has played a pivotal role in the growth of the STEM workforce by providing teachers with collaborative professional development experiences designed to improve teacher knowledge of STEM career options and the associated educational pathways for their students as well as enhance teacher professionalism. The TEI has a track record of over 25 years of service in inquiry-based STEM curriculum development and teacher professional development. Since 2011, the TEI has hosted 15 conferences and 300 workshops with over 1,800 K-12 teachers participating annually in TEI-sponsored events. The number of students impacted through teacher participation exceeds 300,000, covering all grade levels. To date, over 83 scientists, engineers, and STEM-career professionals have participated in TEI sponsored events.
Assessment of Embodied Carbon Footprint of an Educational Building in Pakistan Using Building Information Modeling (BIM)

The current study presents one of the few embodied carbon footprint assessments for an educational building in Pakistan. A four-story building with an area of 35,353 Sq. ft has been modeled in a 3D environment using Building Information Modeling (BIM). Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology with “cradle to gate” boundary limitation has been adopted. A total of 922,000 Kg–CO2E have been calculated with a contribution of 26.09 Kg–CO2E/Sq. ft. Among the materials brick, steel, concrete, brick mortar and ceramic tile were the top contributors in the environment. Load with a collective contribution of 92.86% from these five materials. The study suggested that a proper adoption of green materials at the design stage would help to lower down these environmental concerns to promote sustainable developments.
A THz-Driven Field Emission Electron Gun

We are developing a high-gradient, THz-driven electron gun. THz-frequency accelerator structures can enable the development of compact, bright, and efficient particle sources. Our two cell standing-wave gun is powered by a 110 GHz gyrotron and will produce 350 keV electrons with 500 k $W$ of input power. The field emission cathode is a copper tip located in the first cell. High power measurements will include diagnostics to measure the energy spread, charge, and size of the resulting bunch.
Constitutional Law - Implementing the Interim Constitution

While the world was transfixed by the snaking-lines of South Africans who patiently braved the bureaucratic bungling of the election process, less attention has been paid to the steady implementation of that ‘small miracle’ — the negotiated Constitution which enabled South Africa’s democratic transition. This year’s Annual Survey will consider the implementation of the 1993 interim Constitution (the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 200 of 1993) from two distinct vantage points. The first will focus on the direct implementation of constitutional mandates through the establishment of specific constitutional organs and the passage of statutes designed to create institutions in order to give effect to the Constitution. The second focus will be on how the courts responded to the introduction of the new legal order based on the recognition of rights.
An integrated scalp and blood biomarker approach suggeststhe systemic nature of alopecia areata

BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by immune dysregulation in both scalp and blood, but a large-scale approach establishing biomarkers of AA incorporating both scalp tissue and serum compartments is lacking. We aimed to characterize the transcriptomic signature of AA lesional and nonlesional scalp compared to healthy scalp and determine its relationship with the blood proteome in the same individuals, with comparative correlations to clinical AA disease severity. METHODS We evaluated lesional and nonlesional scalp tissues and serum from patients with moderate-to-severe AA (n = 18) and healthy individuals (n = 8). We assessed 33,118 genes in AA scalp tissue using RNAseq transcriptomic evaluation and 340 inflammatory proteins in serum using OLINK high-throughput proteomics. Univariate and multivariate approaches were used to correlate disease biomarkers with Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT). RESULTS A total of 608 inflammatory genes were differentially expressed in lesional AA scalp (fold change/FCH>1.5, false discovery rate/FDR<0.05) including Th1 (IFNG/IL12B/CXCL11), Th2 (IL13/CCL18), and T-cell activation-related (ICOS) products. Th1/Th2-related markers were significantly correlated with AA clinical severity in lesional/nonlesional tissue, while keratins (KRT35/KRT83/KRT81) were significantly downregulated in lesional compared to healthy scalp (p < .05). Expression of cardiovascular/atherosclerosis-related markers (MMP9/CCL2/IL1RL1/IL33R/ST2/AGER) in lesional scalp correlated with their corresponding serum expression (p < .05). AA scalp demonstrated significantly greater biomarker dysregulation compared to blood. An integrated multivariate approach combining scalp and serum biomarkers improved correlations with disease severity/SALT. CONCLUSION This study contributes a unique understanding of the phenotype of moderate-to-severe AA with an integrated scalp and serum biomarker model suggesting the systemic nature of the disease, advocating for the need for immune-based systemic treatment.
Role of Turbulent Prandtl Numbers on Heat Flux at Hypersonic Mach Numbers

A new turbulence model suited for calculating the turbulent Prandtl number as part of the solution is presented. Because of the high Reynolds numbers involved, a formulation based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The model is based on a set of two equations: one governing the variance of the enthalpy and the other governing its dissipation rate. These equations were derived from the exact energy equation and thus take into consideration compressibility and dissipation terms. The model is used to study three cases involving shockwave/boundary-layer interaction at Mach numbers of 9.22, 8.18, and 5.0. In general, heat transfer prediction for separated flows showed improvement over traditional turbulence models in which the turbulent Prandtl number is assumed constant. It is concluded that using a model that calculates the turbulent Prandtl number as part of the solution is a key to bridging the gap between theory and experiment for hypersonic flows dominated by strong shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions.
The effect of hydrogen-bonding on flavin's infrared absorption spectrum.

Abstract Cluster and continuum solvation computational models are employed to model the effect of hydrogen bonding interactions on the vibrational modes of lumiflavin. Calculated spectra were compared to experimental Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the diagnostic 1450–1800 cm−1 range, where intense ν C = C , ν C = N , ν C 2 = O , and ν C 4 = O stretching modes of flavin’s isoalloxazine ring are found. Local mode analysis is used to describe the strength of hydrogen-bonding in cluster models. The computations indicate that ν C = C and ν C = N mode frequencies are relatively insensitive to intermolecular interactions while the ν C 2 = O and ν C 4 = O modes are sensitive to direct (and also indirect for ν C 2 = O ) hydrogen-bonding interactions. Although flavin is neutral, basis sets without the diffuse functions provide incorrect relative frequencies and intensities. The 6-31+G* basis set is found to be adequate for this system, and there is limited benefit to considering larger basis sets. Calculated vibrational mode frequencies agree with experimentally determined frequencies in solution when cluster models with multiple water molecules are used. Accurate simulation of relative FTIR band intensities, on the other hand, requires a continuum (or possibly quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical) model that accounts for long-range electrostatic effects. Finally, an experimental peak at ca. 1624 cm−1 that is typically assigned to the ν C 2 = O vibrational stretching mode has a complicated shape that suggests multiple underlying contributions. Our calculations show that this band has contributions from both the C6–C7 and C2 = O stretching vibrations.
‘My Name Is Great Among the Nations’: Reflections on Fracture, Separation, and Repair

Religious traditions need to ask some vital questions about their view of the civic order, especially the ostensibly secular civic order. These questions include: Is civil government legitimate? If so, what is the proper scope of its concerns and authority? How should the civic order and communities of faith relate to each other? Religious communities must also ask questions about other religions. Are they legitimate? Are they worthy of respect, politically or theologically or interpersonally? How should they relate to each other? And how should faith traditions collectively relate to the civic order? David VanDrunen’s "Politics after Christendom: Political Theology in a Fractured World," is a rich, fine-grained, effort to grapple with the first sets of questions just outlined: the legitimacy and role of the civic state and the place of the religious order and religious believers. The book’s arguments are often compelling. Many should be reassuring to those of us in different religious traditions. They also resonate nicely with legal pluralism and with a jurisdictional view of religious liberty and religion-state dispensations. Some of the book’s insights also break new ground. Yet there is something off here, like an appealing melody sung just slightly off key. Furthermore, VanDrunen’s book has little to say about the last set of questions, on interreligious relations. This turns out to be a problem. This essay canvasses VanDrunen’s answers to some of the questions that every religious nomos must ask as it tries to overcome its own temptation to solipsism. The essay discusses VanDrunen’s account of the state and civil society and outlines his view of how Christian believers should understand their role in politics. It then homes in on the matter of interreligious encounter. The essay concludes, provocatively perhaps, with a Kabbalistic coda. The downloadable file includes a link to the published version of the essay along with the text of an earlier, longer, draft.
Brief communication: ICESat-2 reveals seasonal thickness change patterns of Greenland Ice Sheet outlet glaciers for the first time

Abstract. Dynamic changes of marine-terminating outlet glaciers are projected to be responsible for about half of future ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet. However, we lack a unified, process-based understanding that can explain the observed dynamic changes of all outlet glaciers. Many glaciers undergo seasonal dynamic thickness changes and classifying the patterns of seasonal thickness change can improve our understanding of the processes that drive glacier behavior. The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) provides the first space-based, seasonally repeating altimetry measurements of the ice sheets, allowing us to quantify near-termini seasonal dynamic thickness patterns of 34 outlet glaciers around the Greenland Ice Sheet. We classify the glaciers into seven common patterns of seasonal thickness change over a two-year period from 2019 to 2020. We find small groupings of neighboring glaciers with similar seasonal thickness change patterns but, within larger sectors of the ice sheet, seasonal thickness change patterns are heterogeneous. Comparing the seasonal thickness changes to average glacier ice flow speeds, we find that faster glaciers typically undergo patterns of spring and summer dynamic thickening, while slower glaciers exhibit a variety of thickness change patterns. Future studies can build upon our results by comparing seasonal dynamic thickness changes with external forcings, such as ocean temperature and meltwater runoff, and with other dynamic variables such as seasonal glacier velocity and terminus position changes.
A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Analysis of Low Temperature Non-Sooting Diesel Combustion

We have developed a model of the diesel fuel injection process for application to analysis of low temperature non-sooting combustion. The model uses a simplified mixing correlation and detailed chemical kinetics, and analyzes a parcel of fuel as it moves along the fuel jet, from injection into evaporation and ignition. The model predicts chemical composition and soot precursors, and is applied at conditions that result in low temperature non-sooting combustion. Production of soot precursors is the first step toward production of soot, and modeling precursor production is expected to give insight into the overall evolution of soot inside the engine. The results of the analysis show that the model has been successful in describing many of the observed characteristics of low temperature combustion. The model predicts results that are qualitatively similar to those obtained for soot formation experiments at conditions in which the EGR rate is increased from zero to very high values as the fueling rate is kept constant. The model also describes the two paths to achieve non-sooting combustion. The first is smokeless rich combustion and the second is modulated kinetics (MK). The importance of the temperature after ignition and the equivalence ratio at the time of ignitionmore » is demonstrated, as these parameters can be used to collapse onto a single line all the results for soot precursors for multiple fueling rates. A parametric analysis indicates that precursor formation increases considerably as the gas temperature in the combustion chamber and the characteristic mixing time are increased. The model provides a chemical kinetic description of low temperature diesel combustion that improves the understanding of this clean and efficient regime of operation.« less
Principles of solid food texture analysis.

Abstract: Destructive force/deformation methods are widely used for objective measurement of the textural properties of solid food because they often mimic or emulate the sensory evaluation by humans. This chapter gives a brief introduction to the basic engineering principles and concepts for determining the mechanical properties of solid food. It then describes the principles and applications of different destructive force/deformation techniques for measuring the texture of solid food. Finally, the chapter discusses the challenges and future needs in research for objective measurement of food texture.