cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What users want

Todays computer interfaces are one size fits all. Users with little programming experience have only limited opportunities to customize their interface to their task and work habits (e.g., adding buttons to a toolbar). Furthermore, the overhead induced by generic interfaces will be proportionately greater on small form-factor PDAs, embedded applications and wearable devices. Searching for a solution, researchers argue that productivity can be greatly enhanced if interfaces anticipated their users, adapted to their preferences, and reacted to high-level customization requests. But realizing these benefits is tricky, because there is an inherent tension between the dynamism implied by automatic interface adaptation and the stability required in order for the user to maintain an accurate mental model, predict the computers behavior, and feel in control. In this talk, I discuss several principles governing effective adaptation, describe algorithms for data mining user action traces, and suggest mechanisms for dynamically transforming interfaces
Optimal Auctions with Endogenous Entry

We consider a single object, independent private value auction model with entry. Potential bidders are ex ante symmetric and randomize about entry. After entry, each bidder incurs a cost, then learns her private value and a set of signals that may lead to updated beliefs about other entrants' valuations. It is shown that the Vickrey auction with free entry maximizes the expected revenue. Furthermore, if the information potentially available to bidders after entry is sufficiently rich, then the Vickrey auction, up to its equivalent class, is also the only optimal sealed-bid auction.
289 COMPARISON OF HOMOCYSTEIC ACID (HCA) AND GROWTH HORMONE (GH) IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT

HCA reportedly acts like GH in increasing the thickness of tibial epiphyseal cartilage and increasing serum somatomedin activity in hypophysectomized rats (Science 192, 372, 1976). We hypophysectomized Sprague-Dawley rats at 26 days of age and beginning 12 days later they received HCA, GH or 0.9% NaCl I.P. daily for 4 days. Average rat weight was 62.6 gms. HCA did not increase cartilage thickness, while GH was effective (p<.001) Liver DNA polymerase activity was also measured (Endocrinol. 92, 194, 1973) on 8-14 animals in each of several groups. Human GH increased polymerase activity 30%, (p<.01), but 10,000 ug HCA was ineffective. On this regimen, neither HCA nor GH significantly increased serum somatomedin levels in selected animals (Endocrinol. 99, 304, 1976); this result is not surprising since the method is less sensitive than the tibial thickness bioassay. HCA was not an active GH substitute in our laboratory. Our results contrast sharply with those reported previously by others on a smaller series of animals, and suggest that HCA will not, prove valuable in treating human GH deficiency states.
An analytical solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations for unsteady backward stagnation‐point flow with injection or suction

A particular solution of the unsteady axisymmetric incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is obtained in the classical Birkhoff similarity framework. The solution describes a decelerating backward stagnation-point flow with uniform injection or suction from a porous boundary (plate). Although the solution is completely analytical, it is limited in scope to one particular case each of injection and suction. In the case of suction, a single dividing streamline is found in the lee of the plate, while in the case of injection, two dividing streamlines are found. In this latter case, the dividing streamlines bound a nearly stagnant layer containing a weak vortex. Analytical results are also presented for the temperature field in the forced convection regime.
Site c27 in phage P22 and control of the pathway to lysogeny.

Phage P22 mutationc27 defines a site required for establishment, but not maintenance of repressor synthesis. This study confirms that P22c27 is able to synthesize repressor if active repressor is present. An interaction involving gene products ofc1 andc3 and the sitec27 retards expression of the lytic genes of P22. Mutations in genec1 eliminate the retardation of lytic gene expression, butc27 does not alleviate the retardation. These results are used to construct a model that postulates that binding ofc1 andc3 products to DNA at or nearc27 is sufficient to cause retardation of lytic gene expression. The functioning ofc27 is contrasted to that of the analogouscy mutants of λ. The effect of thec27 mutation upon alleviation of “c1 repression” was studied in a partial revertant ofSalmonella typhimurium Pox-1 in whichc1 repression is exaggerated. The higher frequency of lysogenization seen in the mutant host is related to enhancedc1 repression.
Optimization of the covalent conjugating procedure (NaIO4) of horseradish peroxidase to antibodies for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The procedure for covalent conjugation of horseradish peroxidase (POD) to goat anti-human IgG (GAHG) molecules was systematically optimized in terms of reactant molar ratio, time of reaction, pH, and temperature. The optimum conjugation procedure was defined by the conditions that produced an enzyme-labeled Ab with the highest specific activity in immunosorbent assays for normal human IgG (NHIgG). The best conditions are: Sodium meta-periodate (NaIO4) to Ab molar ratio during oxidation is 40:1; time of oxidation is 5 min at 37 degrees C; oxidation reaction is conducted at pH 5.0; the molar ratio of POD:GAHG is 6:1; the conjugation time is 24 h at 4 degrees C; and the optimal conjugation pH is 10.0. A conjugate constructed under these conditions is capable of generating 1.8 and 12.6 times more specific signals (delta A650nm/min) than the best and worst commercial conjugates, respectively. This conjugate is also able to detect NHIgG at a concentration of 2.25 x 10(-13) M, a sensitivity 25 times that achieved by most comparable commercial products in identical assays.
The neuromuscular junction in response to endurance training.

Endplate and nonendplate cholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activities were measured in muscles of untrained and endurance-trained rats to determine the relationship of these enzymes to known physiologic and morphologic properties of specific types of muscle fibers, and to determine the responsiveness of these presynaptic and postsynaptic enzymes to chronic muscular activity. In the trained soleus and red and white vastus lateralis, endplate cholinesterase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the trained than in the nontrained endplate region of the white vastus lateralis muscle only. Endplate cholinesterase activities were greater than nonendplate values in both trained and untrained muscles. Choline acetyltransferase activity in soleus and red and white vastus lateralis was not affected significantly by endurance training. The selective training effect on the cholinesterase activity of the fast-twitch glycolytic fibers contrasts with the small change in oxidative metabolism in fast-twitch glycolytic fibers previously reported in endurance-trained rats.
Stress and long-term survivors of brain cancer

Introduction Adult brain tumor patients are joining the ranks of cancer survivors in increasing numbers in the United States. As a result, health care providers are faced with new challenges to address the need for psychosocial support in this population.
Landscape ecology, land-use structure, and population density: Case study of the Columbus Metropolitan Area

Abstract Traditional population density models based on the distance to the major Central Business District (monocentric) or on distances to multiple employment centers (polycentric) are extended to include land-use structure variables derived from landscape ecology theory. A comprehensive database is developed for the Columbus Metropolitan Area (CMA) at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level, using remotely sensed land-use data, Census socio-economic data, and other local data. Fifteen landscape indices, organized into four groups – size, complexity, diversity, neighborhood – are computed for each of the 1763 CMA TAZs, using Fragstats. Models are estimated for each of the 7 CMA counties separately, yielding homogeneous and consistent results. These county models are then pooled into a comprehensive CMA model, with dummy variables and second-order terms. Overall, the results provide evidence of a polycentric structure, with both downtown Columbus and county CBDs acting as strong population attractors, and of the importance of land-use structure in the determination of population density. Spatial indices representing neighborhood and diversity factors significantly impact population density in most counties.
Detecting changes in serial myocardial perfusion SPECT: a simulation study.

Background New algorithms were evaluated for their efficacy in detecting and quantifying serial changes in myocardial perfusion from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Ability of repetitive Ca2+ spikes to stimulate prolactin release is frequency dependent.

Abstract Measurements of concentrations of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c) in individual cells has frequently demonstrated periodic transients in [Ca2+]c rather than sustained elevated levels. To determine in anterior pituitary cells if such short and repetitive [Ca2+]c transients stimulated prolactin release, we used a perifusion system with cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, indo-1. A one second pulse of 100 mM KCl caused an increase in [Ca2+]c with a half peak width of about 18 seconds and an almost coincident increase in prolactin secretion. Subsequent pulses of KCl each caused increases in [Ca2+]c and prolactin release that were the same as the first, up to a pulse frequency of one every two minutes. Increasing the frequency to 1 pulse every minute or 1 pulse every 30 seconds, however, resulted in a serial decline in the amount of prolactin released by each pulse even though each pulse caused a similar peak Ca2+ response. These findings demonstrate that cells become adapted to transient increases in [Ca2+]c occur frequently enough. Cells may use frequency-encoded Ca2+ signals to stimulate release of prolactin at low frequency to prevent the adaptation that occurs at higher frequencies.
A Validation Study of the Faculty and Course Evaluation (Face) Instrument

Consistent with the distinction between student ratings (ratings assigned) and class ratals (ratings received), various properties of the FACE Instrument scales were investigated. Preliminary analyses revealed that the scales were composed of appropriate items and that the scales possessed high reliabilities. The distinction between student rating scales and class ratal scales was empirically verified. Similar factorial compositions were obtained for both sets of scales. Although for the student rating scales some support was found for convergent and discriminant validity, for the class ratal scales equivocal support for convergent validity and no support for discriminant validity were obtained.
Strings in Flat Space and Plane Waves from $${\mathcal{N}} = 4$$ Super Yang Mills

We explain how the string spectrum in flat space and plane waves arises from the large N limit of U(N) \({\mathcal{N}} = 4\) super Yang Mills. We reproduce the spectrum by summing a subset of the planar Feynman diagrams. We also describe some other aspects of string propagation on plane wave backgrounds. This talk is based on [40].
Near quantum-limited phase memory in a Raman amplifier

We have detected molecular coherence lasting nearly 9 times the collisional dephasing time in a Raman amplifier. Two laser pulses, separated in time, pumped a common set of hydrogen molecules, producing two Stokes pulses whose relative phase was measured interferometrically. The variance of this phase is a direct measure of the memory of the molecular coherence induced by the first scattering process. This experiment is capable of detecting a level of molecular coherence equivalent to between 15 and 50 vibrational phonons in the most strongly excited mode.
Gamma and Alpha Radiolysis of Salt Brines

Gamma radiolysis of Permian Basin brine leads to equilibrium gas pressure of about 100 atm. at 75°C and about 40 atm. at 150°C, providing the gas space is very small and/or the total dose is very high. Dose rate dependence is being investigated but is not yet established. Alpha radiolysis of Permian Basin brine is still being evaluated, but it is clear that equilibrium gas pressures will be much higher than with gamma radiolysis. In addition, alpha radiolysis of brine results in a very high solution redox potential. Gas compositions in all cases have been about two parts H2 to one part O2. Efforts to simulate these results with computer models have been quite successful.
Use of gelatin matrix thrombin tissue sealant as an effective hemostatic agent during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We describe a technique for achieving effective hemostasis during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using gelatin matrix thrombin tissue sealant.Materials and Methods: Between June 2002 and April 2003, 6 patients underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the 2-component tissue sealant. Median patient age was 59 years (range 28 to 71) and followup time ranged from 1 to 10 months (median 4.3). The tumor was at least 50% exophytic on preoperative computerized tomography and the diameter ranged from 2 to 3 cm (median 2.5). The 2-component tissue sealant, consisting of a gelatin matrix granula component and a thrombin component, was applied after resection of the tumor and before reperfusion of the kidney. Time until complete hemostasis was achieved, postoperative bleeding, estimated blood loss, warm ischemia time and length of surgery were recorded.Results: Hemostasis was immediate in all cases after application of the tissue sealant for 1 to 2 minutes to the moist resection site. The l...
Diversity: Is There More Than Meets The Eye? A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Technology Support on Teams with Differing Diversity

Previous research on groups with diverse membership indicates that they generally exhibit high levels of conflict and experience low levels of cohesion; however, they also tend to outperform their homogeneous counterparts. Based on an extensive review of three research streams-group diversity, group development and collaborative technologies-we develop an integrated model of ongoing team interaction which describes how collaborative technologies can help leverage the positive aspects of diversity while limiting its negative aspects. We then test this model using a longitudinal field experiment involving virtual and collocated teams with differing levels of diversity. We conclude by discussing the results and examining their implications for research and practice.
Comparison of substrate finishes for flip chip packages

In order to achieve substrate routing densities required for high pin count flip chip package, electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) substrates have been the technology of choice. However, ENIG substrates are found to be more susceptible to brittle fracture at the nickel to intermetallic interface during high strain rate events. This mode has been sporadically found in PCB assembly and handling operations involving excessive and uncontrolled flexural loads on the PC boards. The unpredictable nature of this failure mode has driven suppliers to look for alternatives to ENIG. In this paper, electrolytic nickel-gold and solder on pad (SOP) are studied and contrasted against ENIG. A significant outcome of this work is the identification of a viable surface finish with improved toughness to withstand mechanical shocks in early assembly and with continued good long term reliability.
Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Patients With Serologic Progression of Prostate Cancer Achieving Long-Term Disease Control With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Purpose: We describe the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer who achieved long-term disease control with GM-CSF (Leukine®).Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with prostate cancer and nonmetastatic recurrent disease, as manifested by increasing PSA between 0.4 and 6.0 ng/ml after prior definitive therapy, were enrolled in a phase II trial. Patients received 250 μg/m2 GM-CSF daily subcutaneously on days 1 through 14 of a 28-day cycle until PSA or objective progression. The patient and disease characteristics of patients who remained without evidence of disease progression beyond 4 years were examined. Additionally, flow cytometry was performed in peripheral blood to characterize monocyte and dendritic cells.Results: Seven of 29 evaluable patients (24%) remained free of disease progression at a median of 5.1 years (range 4.5 to 5.6 or greater) from the start of GM-CSF therapy. Patients on long-term GM-CSF tended to have lower initial T...
Spatial Grain and the Causes of Regional Diversity Gradients in Ants

Abstract: Gradients of species richness (S; the number of species of a given taxon in a given area and time) are ubiquitous. A key goal in ecology is to understand whether and how the many processes that generate these gradients act at different spatial scales. Here we evaluate six hypotheses for diversity gradients with 49 New World ant communities, from tundra to rain forest. We contrast their performance at three spatial grains from Splot, the average number of ant species nesting in a m2 plot, through Fisher’s α, an index that treats our 30 1‐m2 plots as subsamples of a locality’s diversity. At the smallest grain, Splot was tightly correlated ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewc...
Appropriateness of cardiac stress test use among primary care physicians and cardiologists in the United States

Age, yrs 18–64 13 1.00 ≥65 14 0.97 0.56 to 1.68 0.90 Gender Male 12 1.00 Female 15 1.31 0.85 to 2.02 0.22 Race/ethnicity White 12 1.00 Black 21 1.65 0.88 to 3.11 0.12 Other 20 1.58 0.49 to 5.16 0.44 Private insurance No 15 1.00 Yes 12 0.63 0.37 to 1.09 0.10 Region Northeast 7 1.00 Midwest 12 1.39 0.57 to 3.42 0.47 South 15 2.00 0.95 to 4.24 0.07 West 16 1.94 0.83 to 4.50 0.12 Physician specialty Cardiology 9 1.00 Primary care 21 3.08 1.88 to 5.05 b0.001 Other 22 2.65 1.17 to 6.04 0.02 Smoker No 11 1.00 Yes 10 0.87 0.48 to 1.60 0.66 Unknown 19 1.59 0.93 to 2.72 0.09 Visit diagnosis Hypertension 11 0.62 0.41 to 0.93 0.02 Dyslipidemia 13 1.14 0.75 to 1.73 0.54
Do the same houses poison many children? An investigation of lead poisoning in Rochester, New York, 1993-2004.

Objectives. In several cities, researchers have found that a discrete number of properties owned by a small number of owners house multiple lead poisoned children over time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a small number of properties were implicated in the poisoning of multiple children in Rochester, New York, between 1993 and 2004. Methods. We analyzed the patterns of ownership and repeated positive environmental investigations (i.e., documented lead hazards) in homes of lead poisoned children using county health department data during a 12-year period. Results. A small percentage (14.8%) of properties in which the health department found a lead hazard had previously documented lead hazards. When a second positive investigation occurred, the average elapsed time between investigations was a little less than three years. Only four property owners owned more than two properties that had multiple positive investigations. Conclusions. In some cities, a small number of properties or property owners provide housing for a large percentage of lead poisoned children. However, this situation is not universal. In Rochester, a relatively small percentage of homes that housed a child with an elevated blood lead level have a history of housing lead poisoned children. In cities like Rochester, lead hazard reduction resources should focus on high-risk housing stock determined by factors such as age, value, and condition, rather than on those with a prior record of housing lead poisoned children.
Alterations in renal vascular reactivity induced by chronic central administration of captopril in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

We have previously demonstrated that chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of captopril attenuates the development of hypertension in young SHR in association with a depression in whole animal reactivity to vasoactive agents and an increased baroreflex sensitivity. In the present study we analyzed vascular reactivity in perfused kidneys from SHR treated with captopril or vehicle to determine whether the depression in reactivity, was due to changes. in baroreflex activity or an effect on the vasculature. Captopril (1.25μg/hr) was infused (osmotic mini pumps) for 4 weeks. Vasctivity to norepinephrine, angiotensin and vasopressin was assessed in isolated kidneys perfused with an artificial medium at constant flow. SHR treated with ICV captopril showed a significantly lower arterial pressure and basal renal vascular resistance than SHR treated with ICV vehicle or IV captopril. In addition, these rats showed decreased vascular reactivity to all vasoactive agents tested as signified by a shift in...
Aircraft Wake Turbulence Controllability Experiment

The development of extremely large, high gross weight aircraft over the past several years has greatly increased the significance of aircraft wake turbulence. The increased magnitude of this turbulence and its effect on other aircraft is of major concern to the aircraft community. This concern is evidenced by the very fact that this symposium is being held for the purpose of considering the wake turbulence phenomenon and developing methods to cope with its effects. From a practical, operational point of view, perhaps the two most critical areas of concern are the induced structural loads and vehicle upset which can result from wake vortex encounter.
Robbins algebra

It is shown that the Robbins problem can be fruitfully investigated by using a simplified notation for formal algebras. In this notation a nonstandard model for Robbins algebra in terms of the language itself is conjectured. The results show that any algebra satisfying the Robbins axioms is very close to being Boolean. Finiteness, or an instance of absorption (a+b=a), or an instance of idempotency (a+a=a) will push A into being Boolean. The construction of the proposed non-Boolean model for Robbins algebra is given. Also detailed are the different notations available for this model. >
Antibodies to Double-stranded DNA: A Comparison of the Indirect Immunofluorescent Test Using Crithidia luciliae and the DNA-binding Assay

A new indirect immunofluorescent test for detecting antidouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies was evaluated and the results compared with those of the DNA-binding test (modified Farr assay). The substrate, Crithidia luciliae (CL), is a nonpathogenic trypanosome containing a kinetoplast of dsDNA. The test was performed with fluorescein-conjugated polyvalent (anti-IgG, -IgA and -IgM) and monospecific anti-immunoglobulin antisera. Sera from 57 patients (75 specimens) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 31 patients with scleroderma, 59 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 31 normal individuals were studied. Thirty-three of the 51 SLE sera with positive DNA-binding tests (binding > 20%) also had positive CL tests. The 18 CL-negative, DNA-binding-positive sera had DNA-binding values between 20 and 45%. AntidsDNA were usually IgG, often accompanied by IgM and occasionally IgA antibodies. Sera of eight patients who had conditions other than SLE were CL-positive, DNA-binding-negative. The CL test is a simple and reproducible method for detecting anti-dsDNA antibodies, but in its present form is not as sensitive as the DNA-binding test.
Computational Flow Modeling for Long-Runout Landslide Hazard Assessment, with an Example From Clapière Landslide, France

Use of a computational continuum dynamic flow model for the hazard assessment of catastrophic landslides is illustrated for a site in southern France. The continuum method has the advantage of including such site-specific details as the precise geometry of the initial failure mass, as well as variations of the topography in the runout zone. The method assumes two-dimensional transient flow of an incompressible biviscous fluid; two viscosity coefficients and a yield stress term comprise the relevant model material parameters, and can be set to approximate Bingham flow behavior. Judgment is necessary in the selection of these rheologic parameters; the procedure recommended involves choice of an analog landslide from a calibrated database of rheologic parameters. This general approach possesses some advantages over alternative methods for hazard evaluation involving fall-to-reach (H/L) ratios, or point-mass or slide block models, in which the uncertainties involving rheology and geometry are lumped indiscriminately together. The continuum method has been applied to a large potential slope failure at “la Clapiere” in southern France. Landslide runout, velocity, and debris thickness were predicted for this case example, for several potential travel paths, with the aim of aiding hazard management decisions involving areas hazardous to debris runout, inundation behind a landslide dam, and down-stream flooding with breaching of the landslide dam.
Stable and Efficient Galerkin Reduced Order Models for Non-Linear Fluid Flow.

An efficient model reduction technique for non-linear compressible flow equations is proposed. The approach is based on the continuous Galerkin projection approach, in which the continuous governing equations are projected onto the reduced basis modes in a continuous inner product. It is an extension of the provablystable model reduction methodology developed previously 1‐3, 13 for the linearized compressible flow equations to the non-linear counterparts of these equations. Attention is focussed on two challenges that arise in developing reduced order models (ROMs) for the full Navier-Stokes equations: stability and efficiency. The former challenge is addressed through the introduction of a transformation into the so-called “entropy variables”. It is shown that performing the Galerkin projection step of the model reduction procedure in these variables leads to a ROM that obeys a priori the second law of thermodynamics, or Clausius-Duhem inequality. In this way, the ROM preserves an essential stability property of the governing equations, that of non-decreasing entropy in the solution. Although the discussion assumes that the reduced basis is constructed via the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), the entropy stability guarantee holds for any choice of reduced basis, not only the POD basis. The challenge of ensuring that the model reduction technique is efficient in the presence of non-linearities is addressed using the “best points” interpolation method (BPIM) of Peraire, Nguyen et al. 16, 17 To help gauge the viability of the proposed model reduction, some preliminary numerical studies are performed on two non-linear scalar conservation laws whose solutions possess inherently non-linear features, such as shocks and rarefactions: the Burgers equation and the Buckley-Leverett equation.
The Biology of Tabanus Lineola Fabr.

Most studies of North American Tabanidae have been concerned largely with taxonomy and distribution, with the result that 110 complete biological study of any species has been made. Hine (1), who was the first investigator to rear a tabanid species from egg to adult, obtained an adult of Tabanus lasiophthalmus from the larvae hatching from one egg mass. Webb and Wells (10) succeeded in rearing three individuals of T. punctifer from egg to adult in an average time of 671 days, or about a year and ten months. Stone (9) obtained one adult from an egg mass of T. atratus , the black horse-fly. The developmental period was 357 days. Mitzmain (6), working in the Philippine Islands; Neave (7), in Nyasaland; and Isaac (3), in India, have recorded important facts in the life histories of several exotic species. The contributions of workers who have collected Tabanidae as larvae and reared them to the adult stage, thus securing partial, but nevertheless valuable, records on life histories, have been summarized in a recent paper (8).
Book Review: Deborah Brautigam, The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of Africa in China:

Deborah Brautigam,The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of Africa in China. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 397. Rs 1478.
The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton growth and assemblage composition in four coastal, southeastern USA systems

Abstract Human population density, and related urbanization, is predicted to increase along coastlines worldwide. Varied land uses will likely influence nutrient delivery, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), to the coast and thereby phytoplankton assemblages. This study examined spatial and seasonal variability in phytoplankton community composition and growth responses to N (ammonium, nitrate, or urea) and/or P (orthophosphate) using in situ bioassays during 2011–2013. Study sites were in four southeastern US (South Carolina) coastal systems with distinct land uses: a forested tidal creek, a forested/agricultural tidal creek, an urbanized tidal creek, and a stormwater detention pond. Results showed that sites were primarily N-limited and diatoms typically contributed most to phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a ). Phytoplankton communities at the more developed sites (urbanized creek and stormwater detention pond) not only exhibited higher biomass and growth rates with N, particularly urea, additions compared to the less-developed sites (forested and forested/agricultural tidal creeks), they often included harmful algal bloom species, particularly cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and raphidophytes. These findings suggest that phytoplankton community responses to N-form are site specific, influenced by surrounding land cover, and N inputs (e.g. fertilizers) may cause algal blooms. Results both underscore the role of development as a driver of coastal production and can be informative for water quality management.
Arteriographic diagnosis of a juvenile cecal polyp.

A cecal juvenile polyp was demonstrated by arteriography in an 18-year-old girl with chronic, unexplained gastrointestinal blood loss. The arteriogram showed a single prominent early draining vein in the stalk of the polyp, with a faint mucosal blush at the mucosal tip.
TEL-AML1 positivity in relapsed B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group.

TEL-AML1 positivity in relapsed B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood
Analyzing Java classloader deadlocks using CSP and FDR

This paper describes a recent project within the IBM Java Technology Centre at Hursley, to use CSP and the FDR model-checking tool to analyse the cause of certain deadlocks within the Java class loader. Techniques for the CSP modelling of several procedural programming patterns such as recursion, multi-threading and locking are presented, together with their application to the specific case of the Java class loader.
Bi-directional active and passive meandered circularly polarized CRLH-inspired leaky-wave antennas based on substrate integrated waveguide

Bi-directional active and passive meandered circularly polarized (CP) composite right/left-handed (CRLH) inspired substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are presented. By meandering the microstrip line, the dimension of the proposed five-cell antenna along the scanning plane is reduced by 33.5% compared to the original CP CRLH LWA based on SIW [1]. Furthermore, incorporating the bi-directional amplifiers, the current distribution of the antenna is manipulated to control the radiation characteristics. The proposed active meandered CP CRLH LWA supports both transmitting and receiving operation while delivering enhanced spatial resolution.
Bone Mineral Density Reduction Following Irradiation of Brain Tumors

Total body bone mineral density (TBBMD) was measured by X-ray absorptiometry in 46 brain tumor patients aged from 3.8 to 28.7 years (mean 14.9 y) at a mean of 6.4 y (range 1.4-14.8 y) after end of treatment for brain tumor.
Online course selection: using course dashboards to inform student enrollment decisions

AbstractThis article explores the potential of course dashboards as a front-end strategy for decreasing online course dropout rates. Scholarship has addressed course attrition once students are enrolled in online courses. However, supporting academic success by assisting students in the making of effective decisions about which online courses to take has received relatively little attention. Students in undergraduate-level online courses from varied disciplines rated the utility of course information types and three course dashboard prototypes. Qualitative feedback was also collected. Various types of information related to the time investment necessary to successfully complete the course were given priority. With regard to information displays, students preferred moderate-to-high amounts of well-organised information, presented with a careful balance of text and visual images. Comments from past students also favoured course dashboard elements.
An "Almost" Diophantine Equation.

It all started one evening toward the end of the late news. The newscaster was de scribing the current weather situation in Las Cruces and said, "The current temper ature is 61? Fahrenheit, which is 16? Cel sius. By the way, that is one of two temper atures where one can convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa by in terchanging the digits." This chance re mark caught my attention and led me to a very interesting problem.
ZP1609/danegaptide and mitochondrial connexin hemichannels: a harbinger for peptide drug design.

LINKED ARTICLES This article is a Commentary on Boengler K, Bulic M, Schreckenberg R, Schluter K-D, Schulz R (2017). The gap junction modifier ZP1609 decreases cardiomyocyte hypercontracture following ischaemia/reperfusion independent from mitochondrial connexin 43. Br J Pharmacol 174: 2060-2073. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13804.
Paraoxon: An Anticholinesterase That Triggers an Excitotoxic Cascade of Oxidative Stress, Adhesion Responses, and Synaptic Compromise

The anticholinesterase paraoxon (Pxn) is an organophosphate (OP) and the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. It potently inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and leads to enhanced glutamate release, diminished GABA uptake, oxidative damage, and neurodegeneration. The resulting increased levels of acetylcholine can trigger seizures and cause neuronal and excitotoxic damage in the brain. The brain susceptibility related to anticholinesterase toxins extends beyond potential brain damage and death from toxic levels of the agent. Asymptomatic low-level exposure to such toxins can also leave the brain vulnerable or even cause it to exhibit neurological problems later in life. The actions of Pxn and similar neurotoxins have been studied in order to examine the events associated with anticholinesterase toxicity in the brain. A recent study demonstrated that Pxn exposure initiates a pathogenic cascade involving seizure events and subsequent signs of damage including unique presynaptic vulnerability and associated behavioral deficits. In addition, Pxn-mediated synaptotoxicity is also associated with enhanced production of oxidative stress as well as integrin adhesion responses. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular events involved in Pxn toxicity.
Transforming Growth Factor β pathway antagonists inhibit human breast cancer metastases to lung and bone

2231 Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) is believed to promote tumor progression by enhancing invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, and by suppressing anti-tumor immunity. In order to investigate the possible clinical utility of TGFβ antagonists in metastatic breast cancer, we examined the effects of two types of antagonists of the TGFβ pathway (1D-11, a mouse monoclonal pan-TGFβ neutralizing antibody and LY2109761, a chemical inhibitor of TGFβ type I and II receptor kinases) on experimental metastases of breast cancer cell in vivo. For this purpose, we used sublines of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells that preferentially metastasize to lungs (MDA-231-4175TR) or bone (MDA-231-SCP2TR). Both antagonists were able to block TGFβ -induced phosphorylation of receptor-associated Smads, Smad 2 and -3 in both cell lines. In addition, LY2109761 inhibited TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5. TGFβ failed to inhibit anchorage-dependent growth of these cell lines. However, TGFβ stimulated in vitro migration of MDA-231-SCP2TR and MDA-231-4175TR cells by 1.96 and 1.66-fold respectively (p
A Short Walk Through Film History

Film has been a large part of modern culture since the late 1800s. Today, film is a mainstay in modern society, however from its beginning it has gone through growth spurts that are guided by great minds and occurrences representative of the eras. You can see technologies and practices that blossomed from the field’s earliest creators. Understanding the history of film puts into perspective just how much the field has matured, and how fortunate we are to be budding filmmakers at such a unique time in the field’s development.
Syndrome: Spectral analysis for anomaly detection on medical IoT and embedded devices

Recent advances in embedded and IoT (internet-of-things) technologies are rapidly transforming health-care solutions and we are headed to a future of smaller, smarter, wearable and connected medical devices. IoT and advanced health sensors provide more convenience to patients and physicians. Where physicians can now wirelessly and automatically monitor patient's state. While these medical embedded devices provide a lot of new opportunities to improve the health care system, they also introduce a new set of security risks since they are connected to networks. More importantly, these devices are extremely hardware- and power-constrained, which in turn makes securing these devices more complex. Implementing complex malware detectors or anti-virus on these devices is either very costly or infeasible due to these limitations on power and resources. In this paper, we propose a new framework called SYNDROME for “externally” monitoring medical embedded devices. Our malware detector uses electromagnetic (EM) signals involuntary generated by the device as it executes a (medical) application in the absence of malware, and analyzes them to build a reference model. It then monitors the EM signals generated by the device during execution and reports an error if there is a statistically significant deviation from the reference model. To evaluate Syndrome, we use open-source software to implement a real-world medical device, called a Syringe Pump, on a variety of well-known embedded/IoT devices including Arduino Uno, FPGA Nios II soft-core, and two Linux IoT mini-computers: OlimexA13 and TS-7250. We also implement a control-flow hijack attack on SyringePump and use Syndrome to detect and stop the attack. Our experimental results show that using Syndrome, we can detect the attack for all the four devices with excellent accuracy (i.e. 0% false positive and 100% true positive) within few milliseconds after the attack starts.
An Algebraic Quality-Time-Advantage-Based Key Establishment Protocol

The essence of information assurance resides in the ability to establish secret keys between the legitimate communicating parties. Common approaches to key establishment include public-key infrastructure, key-distribution centers, physical-layer security or key extraction from common randomness. Of these, the latter two are based on specific natural advantages that the legitimate parties hold over their adversaries -- most often, such advantages rely on superior or privileged communication channels. This paper tackles a key-establishment protocol that relies on a completely different type of advantage: time. The protocol builds on the idea that when two devices are able to spend a pre-determined, mostly uninterrupted, interval of time in the company of each other, and when such a feat is outside the capability of any realistic attacker, then the legitimate parties should be able to establish a secret key without any prior common information. The paper presents a basic efficient time-based key establishment protocol, and demonstrates how it can be extended to follow customized information transfer functions and deal with predictable fluctuations of wireless interference.
Nerve Injury and Regeneration

Peripheral nerve injuries vary widely in extent and severity. In the peripheral trigeminal nerve, these injuries may result from extraction of teeth, placement of dental implants, benign and malignant tumor removal, maxillofacial trauma, endodontic procedures, orthognathic procedures, and even local anesthetic injections. Each form of insult results in various extent and type of nerve fiber injury with differing abilities for the nerve to regenerate spontaneously.
Integrable representations and the Weyl group of a Kac-Moody algebra

In this chapter we begin a systematic study of the Kac-Moody algebras. Recall that this is the Lie algebra g(A) associated to a generalized Cartan matrix A. The main object of the chapter is the Weyl group W of a Kac-Moody algebra, which is a generalization of the classical Weyl group in the finite-dimensional theory. However, in contrast to the finite-dimensional case, W is infinite and the union of the W-translates of the fundamental chamber is a convex cone, not the whole Cartan subalgebra h.
MODULATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY DURING MURINE INFECTION WITH TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results of an investigation of the cells that mediated increased cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumor cell lines during murine infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). The first phase of augmented cytotoxic activity against tumor cells following injection of T. cruzi was detected 1–2 days later in cells from the spleen or peritoneal exudates in both susceptible and resistant strains of mice. The cytotoxic activity present in infected mice that represents T. cruzi-induced lytic activity (TILA-1) has been shown to be mediated by NK cells that closely resemble splenic NK cells in normal mice. An investigation of the characteristics of the cells mediating TILA-2 in mice infected for 16–19 days revealed significant differences in effector cell phenotype from TILA-1. The Thy 1 + effectors active during TILA-2 are not typical cytotoxic T lymphocytes and share some properties with murine NK cells. The results indicate that one of the consequences of murine infection with T. cruzi is the activation of NK cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in generating TILA against tumor cell lines are also not known at this time.
UDU/T/ covariance factorization for Kalman filtering

There has been strong motivation to produce numerically stable formulations of the Kalman filter algorithms because it has long been known that the original discrete-time Kalman formulas are numerically unreliable. Numerical instability can be avoided by propagating certain factors of the estimate error covariance matrix rather than the covariance matrix itself. This paper documents filter algorithms that correspond to the covariance factorization P = UDU(T), where U is a unit upper triangular matrix and D is diagonal. Emphasis is on computational efficiency and numerical stability, since these properties are of key importance in real-time filter applications. The history of square-root and U-D covariance filters is reviewed. Simple examples are given to illustrate the numerical inadequacy of the Kalman covariance filter algorithms; these examples show how factorization techniques can give improved computational reliability.
Random Approaches to Fibonacci Identities

Many combinatorialists live by Mach’s words, and take it as a personal challenge. For example, nearly all of the Fibonacci identities in [5] and [6] have been explained by counting arguments [1, 2, 3]. Among the holdouts are those involving infinite sums and irrational quantities. However, by adopting a probabilistic viewpoint, many of the remaining identities can be explained combinatorially. As we shall demonstrate, even the “irrational-looking” Binet’s formula for the n-th Fibonacci number
Neurological complications of bacterial endocarditis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of neurological complications of bacterial endocarditis. The most common organisms causing infective endocarditis are viridans streptococci, Streptococcus bovis , the HACEK group, Staphylococcus aureus , and community-acquired enterococci. Infective endocarditis is often classified as acute or subacute based on the pace of the natural evolution of clinical manifestations. Acute infective endocarditis is fulminant and fatal within days to weeks whereas subacute infective endocarditis smolders with nonspecific systemic symptoms and immunological phenomena in the setting of underlying valvular disease. From a neurological perspective, the presence of major embolic events, most of which affect the central nervous system (CNS), represents one of the minor criteria for diagnosis. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) is the most sensitive imaging modality and allows for additional information on the temporal profile of involvement. Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cerebral mycotic aneurysms as their small size and peripheral location are typically poorly visualized by magnetic resonance angiography or contrast-enhanced brain computed tomography (CT) scans.
Puberty Education in a Global Context: Knowledge Gaps, Opportunities, and Implications for Policy

Youth programs and policies provide opportunities for institutions and societies to support healthy adolescent development. Puberty education programs are universally important, as they provide crucial knowledge and skills to help youth and their caregivers navigate the physical, emotional, and interpersonal changes of puberty with positive outcomes. However, few puberty programs have been rigorously evaluated, resulting in a lack of evidence-based knowledge and practice in this area. This review examines the status of research on puberty education and related programs and draws on the broader intervention literature and recent research findings on adolescence to identify program features that might improve program effectiveness. Implications for policy are also discussed. The need for rigorous program evaluation is emphasized throughout.