cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mining Threat Intelligence about Open-Source Projects and Libraries from Code Repository Issues and Bug Reports

Open-Source Projects and Libraries are being used in software development while also bearing multiple security vulnerabilities. This use of third party ecosystem creates a new kind of attack surface for a product in development. An intelligent attacker can attack a product by exploiting one of the vulnerabilities present in linked projects and libraries.In this paper, we mine threat intelligence about open source projects and libraries from bugs and issues reported on public code repositories. We also track library and project dependencies for installed software on a client machine. We represent and store this threat intelligence, along with the software dependencies in a security knowledge graph. Security analysts and developers can then query and receive alerts from the knowledge graph if any threat intelligence is found about linked libraries and projects, utilized in their products.
ASMODS: Intelligent Detection of Abnormal Stock Price Movements in Response to Social Media Postings

In recent years, the spreading of malicious social media messages about financial stocks has threatened the security of financial market. However, identifying these threats from noisy social media datasets challenge both research and practitioner communities. This paper describes a system named ASMODS for intelligent detection of abnormal stock price movements in response to social media postings. The system consists of intelligent modules to develop synchronized data collections of social media messages and stock prices, to identify abnormal price movements, and to balance the datasets for machine learning. Empirical findings show that ASMODS could enhance the effectiveness of logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and decision trees on detecting abnormal stock returns. The results have strong implication for cybersecurity in the financial market.
Tolerance of commercial Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) and Pima (G. barbadense) cotton cultivars, advanced breeding lines and glandless cotton to halosulfuron (Sandea) herbicide under field conditions

Halosulfuron (Sandea) herbicide is recommended to control problem weeds with the use of hood for cotton protection. However, no information is available on genotypic variation in cotton response to Sandea. In this study, 104 entries representing 81 cotton genotypes including 8 Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) and 73 Upland (G. hirsutum L.) genotypes were divided into four replicated tests for evaluation of Sandea tolerance at the 4–5th true-leaf stage (27 days after planting, DAP) under the same field conditions in 2016. The analysis of variance did not detect a significant genotypic difference among the Pima cotton cultivars and lines tested, while there were significant genotypic variations in the three replicated Upland cotton tests. The broad-sense heritability estimates for Sandea tolerance based on crop injury ratings at 6 days after treatment (DAT) ranged from 72.1 to 82.6%, with an average of 77.9%. When 18 lines were tested in 2–3 tests (or twice in the same test), overall consistent results in crop injury ratings were obtained, which allowed the selection of the tolerant check Acala 1517-08 and the sensitive check glandless Acala 1517-18 GLS for screening cotton for Sandea tolerance. As compared to the tolerant check, no Upland genotype was more tolerant to Sandea, but many of them were as tolerant. However, three glandless cotton lines were the most sensitive to Sandea, which were significantly more sensitive to Sandea than all the glanded cotton tested except for PHY 499 WRF which was equally sensitive. Furthermore, seedlings at the first true-leaf stage (14 DAP) were not sensitive to Sandea, as no apparent crop injury was observed at 6 DAT. This is the first report on genotypic variation for Sandea tolerance in cotton, and the results provide useful information in cotton breeding for cultivar selection for tolerance to Sandea herbicide.
Counterpoint: Mediation Formulas With Binary Mediators and Outcomes and the "Rare Outcome Assumption"

In their accompanying article, Samoilenko and Lefebvre (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(7):1203-1205) correctly note 2 typographical errors in the formulas presented in a 2011 paper on placental abruption by Ananth and VanderWeele (Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(1):99-108). Fortunately, to the best of our knowledge, researchers are using our methods papers and Dr. VanderWeele's 2015 book on mediation analysis (Explanation in Causal Inference; Oxford University Press, New York, New York), rather than the paper on placental abruption, to carry out their direct and indirect effect analyses; and in our methods papers and the book, the formulas are correct. The formulas discussed by Samoilenko and Lefebvre and in our work make reference to a "rare outcome assumption." In evaluating this assumption, it is important to note that the outcome is to be relatively rare across all strata defined by the exposure and the mediator-a point that is often neglected.
Inhaled tranexamic acid improved recovery from hemoptysis compared with placebo

Source Citation Wand O, Guber E, Guber A, et al. Inhaled tranexamic acid for hemoptysis treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2018;154:1379-84. 30321510
An ecosystem approach to kelp aquaculture in the Americas and Europe

Abstract Kelp farming is increasing along the temperate coastlines of the Americas and Europe. The economic, ecological, and social frameworks surrounding kelp farming in these new areas are in contrast with the conditions of progenitor kelp farming regions in China, Japan, and Korea. Thus, identifying and addressing the environmental and social impacts of kelp farming in these regions is vital to ensuring the industry’s long-term sustainability. Here, a conceptual model of the human and natural systems supporting this nascent kelp aquaculture sector was developed using Maine, USA as a focal region. Potential negative impacts of kelp aquaculture were identified to be habitat degradation, overfishing of wild seeds, predation and competition with wild fish and genes, and transmission of diseases. Increased food security, improved restoration efforts, greater fisheries productivity, and alternative livelihoods development were determined to be potential positive impacts of kelp aquaculture. Changes in biodiversity and productivity resulting from either negative or positive impacts of kelp aquaculture were confirmed to have downstream effects on local fisheries and coastal communities. Recommendations to improve or protect the ecosystem services tangential to kelp farming include: define ecosystem and management boundaries, assess ecosystem services and environmental carrying capacity, pursue ecologically and socially considerate engineering, and protect the health and genetic diversity of wild kelp beds. Recommendations to ensure that kelp farming improves the well-being of all stakeholders include: increase horizontal expansion, expand and teach Best Management Practices, and develop climate change resiliency. Additionally, an integrated management strategy should be developed for wild and farmed kelp to ensure that kelp aquaculture is developed in the context of other sectors and goals.
Design and Study of One-Dimensional Organic Conductors I: The Role of Structural Disorder

Much of this conference has been devoted to transport in materials which, like most organic solids, are relatively poor conductors of electricity. In this pair of talks I should like to address the rather different set of problems surrounding the small but growing class of organic compounds whose conductivities are quite substantial, even approaching those of common metals.
A Trend Analysis on Concreteness of Popular Song Lyrics

Recently, music complexity has drawn attention from researchers in Music Digital Libraries area. In particular, computational methods to measure music complexity have been studied to provide better music services in large-scale music digital libraries. However, the majority of music complexity research has focused on audio-related facets of music, while song lyrics have been rarely considered. Based on the observation that most popular songs contain lyrics, whose different levels of complexity contribute to the overall music complexity, this paper investigates song lyric complexity and how it might be measured computationally. In particular, this paper examines the concreteness of song lyrics using trend analysis. Our analysis on the popular songs indicates that concreteness of popular song lyrics fell from the middle of the 1960s until the 1990s and rose after that. The advent of Hip-Hop/Rap and the number of words in song lyrics are highly correlated with the rise in concreteness after the early 1990s.
Desde el cómic documental al tallerismo: una entrevista con Jesús Cossio

espanolEntrevista a Jesus Cossio (Peru, 1974) catalaEntrevista amb Jesus Cossio (Peru, 1974) EnglishInterview with Jesus Cossio (Peru, 1974)
Carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: the potential for cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy

In gastric cancer, the finding of a positive peritoneal cytology is considered stage IV metastatic disease. Such patients behave similarly to patients with distant metastatic disease (1). Frank peritoneal carcinomatosis carries even a worse prognosis. In a recent randomized trial comparing up front surgery for patients with metastatic gastric cancer to treatment with chemotherapy alone without surgery, including patients with limited peritoneal disease or disease limited to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, initial surgery resulted in no survival benefit compared to chemotherapy treatment alone (2). Survival trended inferior with poorer therapy tolerance in patients undergoing surgery. The application of aggressive surgical intervention in patients with peritoneal confined metastases including cytoreductive surgery and gastrectomy remains a subject of considerable and ongoing controversy.
Optimizing predictive precision in imbalanced datasets for actionable revenue change prediction

Abstract In business environments where an organization offers contract-based periodic services to its clients, one crucial task is to predict changes in revenues generated through different clients or specific service offerings from one time epoch to another. This is commonly known as the revenue change prediction problem. In practical real-world environments, the importance of having adequate revenue change prediction capability primarily stems from scarcity of resources (in particular, sales team personnel or technical consultants) that are needed to respond to different revenue change scenarios including predicted revenue growth or shrinkage. It becomes important to make actionable decisions; that is, decisions related to prioritizing clients or service offerings to which these scarce resources are to be allocated. The contribution of the current work is twofold. First, we propose a framework for conducting revenue change prediction through casting it as a classification problem. Second, since datasets associated with revenue change prediction are typically imbalanced, we develop a new methodology for solving the classification problem such that we achieve maximum prediction precision while minimizing sacrifice in prediction accuracy. We validate our proposed framework through real-world datasets acquired from a major global provider of cloud computing services, and benchmark its performance against standard classifiers from previous works in the literature.
Multiscale simulation of fiber composites with spatially varying uncertainties

Abstract Computational analyses of emerging materials such as fibrous composites rely on multiscale simulations. To account for the inherent uncertainty in these materials, such simulations must be integrated with statistical uncertainty quantification (UQ) and propagation (UP) methods. However, limited advancement has been made in this regard due to the significant computational costs and complexities in modeling spatially correlated structural variations coupled at different scales. In this work, a nonintrusive approach is proposed for multiscale UQ and UP to address these limitations. We introduce the top-down sampling method that allows to model nonstationary and continuous spatial variations of uncertainty sources by creating nested random fields (RFs) where the hyperparameters of an ensemble of RFs is characterized by yet another RF. We employ multiresponse Gaussian RFs in top-down sampling and leverage statistical techniques to address the considerable computational costs of multiscale simulations. We apply our approach to quantify the uncertainty in a cured woven prepreg due to spatial variations of fiber volume fraction and misalignment, fiber and matrix modulus, and yarns' architecture (i.e., angle, height, and spacing). Our results indicate that, even in linear analysis, the effect of uncertainty sources on material's response could be significant.
Chapter 11 – Animal Models of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of metabolic complications representing a pre-morbid condition that is a substantial public health burden. Animal models provide an opportunity to examine correlations among different metabolic parameters to understand why metabolic complications sometimes cluster and sometimes do not. This chapter provides an overview of animal models of MetS that are used to understand etiology and pathophysiology, with a focus on methods of identifying and testing candidate genes with the aim of translating results to human studies. Genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and gene by environmental methods and results are discussed along with important lessons learned. Rodent models are the most frequently used, however other animal models including dogs, pigs, sheep, and non-human primates have contributed to our understanding of MetS and each are discussed. Additionally, animal models used to test physiological hypotheses are reviewed along with their potential to illuminate DNA sequence–metabolic function relationships to inform therapies.
Effect of Benzovindiflupyr + Azoxystrobin + Propiconazole Fungicide Applied at Different Growth Stages on Foliar Disease Severity, Grain Yield, and Economic Benefit of Hybrid Corn Grown in Kentucky

Field trials were conducted across nine different environments in Kentucky in 2017 and 2018 that evaluated a fungicide containing benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin + propiconazole applied to hybrid c...
[Detection and content investigation of benzo[a]pyrene in infant milk powder].

Objective To develop a method for determination of benzo[a]pyrene and to analysis of benzo[a]pyrene content in commercially available infant milk powder. Methods Firstly, infant milk powder was extracted with ether-petroleum ether(1∶1, V/V) under alkaline conditions, then saponified with 1. 5 mol/L potassium hydroxide ethanol solution. After purification by solid phase extraction column, it was separated on DB-EUPAH chromatographic column(20 m×0. 18 mm×0. 14 μm) and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and quantified using D_(12)-benzo[a]pyrene internal standard. Results When the benzo[a]pyrene in infant formula was spiked 0. 3, 1. 0, 5. 0 μg/kg, the average recoveries were 116. 7%、86. 0% and 96. 4%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations were 10. 5%、4. 2% and 4. 4%, respectively(n= 6). The limit of quantification was 0. 3 μg/kg, and the detection limit was 0. 1 μg/kg. A total of 40 domestic and imported infant milk powders sold in Hangzhou supermarkets were analyzed. The range of benzo[a]pyrene was l0. 1-0. 25 μg/kg, and the detection rate was 32. 5%. Conclusion The method has the advantages of rapid operation, good purifying effect, sensitiveness and accuracy, and meets the requirements for detection of benzo[a]pyrene in infant milk powder. The investigation reveals that the benzo[a]pyrene content in the currently marketed infant milk powder is at a low level.
Health Goal Attainment of Patients With Chronic Diseases in Web-Based Patient Communities: Content and Survival Analysis

Background: Activities directed at attaining health goals are a major part of the daily lives of those fighting chronic diseases. A proliferating population of patients with chronic diseases are participating in web-based patient communities, wherein they can exchange health information and pursue health goals with others virtually. Objective: In this study, we aimed to understand the effect of participation in social media–enabled web-based patient communities on health goal attainment. In particular, we studied the antecedents of health goal attainment in terms of social support and self-reflection in web-based patient communities. Methods: This data set consists of web-based health management activities of 392 patients across 13 health support groups, that is, groups with medical issues such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and breast cancer; the data of the activities were collected from a leading web-based patient community. Content analysis was used to code the social interactions among the patients on the web-based platform. Cox regression for survival analysis was used to model the hazard ratio of health goal attainment. Results: Our analysis indicated that emotional support from web-based patient communities can increase patients’ probability of achieving their goals (hazard ratio 1.957, 95% CI 1.416-2.706; P<.001) while informational support does not appear to be effective (P=.06). In addition, health-related self-reflection increases the patients’ likelihood of goal attainment through web-based patient communities (hazard ratio 1.937, 95% CI 1.318-2.848; P<.001), but leisure-oriented self-reflection reduces this likelihood (hazard ratio 0.588, 95% CI 0.442-0.784; P<.001). Conclusions: Social media–enabled web-based platforms assist health goal management via both social interaction and personal discipline. This study extends the understanding of web-based patient communities by investigating the effects of both social and cognitive factors on goal attainment. In particular, our study advocates that health goals relating to chronic conditions can be better managed when patients use the facilities of web-based health communities strategically.
Reentry Reflections: Views on COVID-19 From a Global Health Trainee.

* Abbreviation: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019 It is a warm day in Kampala. I walk through the pediatric emergency center, taking stock of the day’s supplies before the shift begins. The medicine drawer holds one vial of dexamethasone and a few vials of adrenaline, atropine, furosemide, and phenytoin. The head nurse greets me as she does every morning and informs me of the somber news from the last shift; a child with generalized tetanus was admitted in the late afternoon and quickly decompensated. We shake our heads sadly, acknowledging that it was a difficult case. There are no ventilators in the emergency center. I spent one year in Uganda through my combined residency program in pediatrics and global child health, acclimating to a vibrant culture and nuanced pathology. Often I encountered the logistical challenges brought on by resource limitation and the tragedies that frequently accompanied them. On reentry to the United States in January 2020, I, like many physicians and trainees who spend significant time abroad, grappled with the vast differences between medical systems and the applicability of my international experiences to my practice here.1 At the same time, a disease was emerging that would blur the line between global and domestic health and would give my training new relevance on home soil. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organization … Address correspondence to Michelle Javier, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: javier{at}bcm.edu
Evaluation of the Comprehension Approach and Related Considerations in Acquiring a Second Language

In this chapter the effectiveness of the Comprehension Approach as a method of language instruction is considered. The traditional approach to evaluate the success of a particular second-language learning methodology is to compare its application with other second-language learning methodologies. A second approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a second-language learning methodology is to compare the results of the performance of second-language students using standardized tests in which levels of performance have been established by professional foreign language instructors. These tests usually involve written examinations in which explicit understanding of rules of grammar and correct word usage are assessed. A third approach is to evaluate students’ oral performance, using a rating scale, such as (1) speaks like a native speaker of the language, (2) speaks well but could not be classified as a native speaker of the language, and (3) the speech is not fluent and there are many grammatical errors.
America’s Uneven Approach to AI and Its Consequence

This paper takes the perspective that AI is a global public good and then examines US efforts to encourage AI. I argue that the Trump administration approach to AI could actually undermine AI because it reduces the openness needed to attract the best researchers and produce the most effective AI systems. I also compare it to the EU approach.
Guidelines for Field Evaluations of Repellents to Control Deer Damage to Reforestation

A repellent evaluation process used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in a research program directed at reducing browsing damage to regenerating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in the Pacific Northwest is reviewed. Several methods of repellent testing to control deer damage to commercially valuable trees are being used in the United States. Our procedures to assess deer damage and efficacy of candidate repellents could be used in most of these evaluations to provide uniform data for comparisons of materials and aid in registration of deer repellents needed by land managers.
The Substrates of Intelligence, a Neural Network Primer

What is an artificial neural network? How do artificial neural networks compare with conventional computers and traditional massively parallel computers, and when are they more useful? What are possible applications of neural network technology? These questions will be answered in the beginning of this chapter, followed by the presentation of an engineering model based on equations which characterize the behavior of one popular class of neural networks for supervised learning. Supervised learning uses both input training patterns and desired system output patterns for neural network training. This chapter then provides a simple program demonstrating how to write and run artificial neural network simulators followed by a listing of a complete production-capable neural network simulator. Examples show how to set up training data for and run this complete simulator (which is used for speech recognition in chapter 5 and reading handwritten characters in chapter 6). This chapter ends with more suggested projects and hints for their solution.
Stockpile focus on ferroalloys

This paper deals with stockpiling of various ferroalloys in the National Defense Stockpile. The purpose and philosophy of stockpiling various forms of strategic and critical materials for national defense emergencies are discussed in addition to a historical review of the background and history of stockpiling various ferroalloys. The methodology and econometric computer modeling used to calculate the overall stockpile quantities are described as well as the method used for calculating specific quantities of each ferroalloy. The potential pitfalls and problems associated with changes in specifications, industry usage patterns, and geographical shifts in production centers are included in the discussion. The results of the use of the new methods and the effects on future stockpiling plans are presented.
Bromohydrins from Alkenes and N‐Bromosuccinimide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide: erythro‐2‐Bromo‐1,2‐diphenylethanol

Bromohydrins from alkenes and N-bromosuccinimide in dimethyl sulfoxide: erythro-2-bromo-1,2-diphenylethanol reactant: 18.0 g. (0.100 mole) of (E)-stilbene product: erythro-2-bromo-1,2-diphenylethanol solvent: 600 ml. of petroleum ether product: threo-C6H5CH(OH)CH(Br)C6H5 product: erythro-C6H5CH(OH)CH(Br)CH3 product: threo-C6H5CH(OH)CH(Br)CH3 product: C6H5CH(OH)CH2Br product: C6H5C(CH3)(OH)CH2Br product: C6H5CH2CH(OH)CH2Br product: erythro-(CH3)3CCH(Br)CH(OH)CH3 product: threo-(CH3)3CCH(Br)CH(OH)CH3 product: (CH3)3CCH(Br)CH2OH product: (CH3)3CC(CH3)(OH)CH2Br Keywords: addition, to CC; halogenation, bromination
International Monetary and Financial Arrangements: Present and Future

The paper deals with a broad range of topics under the rubric of the international monetary system: exchange rate agreements, International Monetary Fund structure, history and functioning of the European Monetary Union, monetary and fiscal policies adopted in recent years by different countries, with a special emphasis on central bank independence and inflation control, capital flows and cross-border assets growth and their influence on financial stability, and policy proposals to enhance financial stability. With more than four-fifths of world trade conducted under managed or full flexibility the present system can be regarded more as a flexible than a fixed exchange rate regime. EMU is a major institutional innovation; while its economic benefits have been amply discussed and perhaps exaggerated, the economic costs seem to have been underestimated. Financial liberalization has resulted in huge benefits to savers and borrowers as capital has tended to flow to its most productive uses around the world, but it has also led to fears that this has sharply reduced the effectiveness of monetary policy. This liberalization imposes a constraint on monetary policy in the sense that it forces a much higher degree of economic convergence than was true before.
EFFECTS OF COMMUTING ON CREWMEMBER FATIGUE

The need to reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the aviation industry remains on the National Transportation Safety Boards’ (NTSB), most wanted list. At many airlines, crewmembers are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of: poorly scheduled duty time; lengthened duty days; minimum scheduled rest requirements; working the backside of the clock, multiple short-haul legs; and long commutes to work. Although, commuting, in the context of aviation, has yet to be defined, the U.S. Census Bureau defines an "extreme commute" as a travel 90 minutes or more, each way to work. Americans who endure a daily "extreme commute" of 90 minutes or more each way to work, is a rapidly increasing number which is now in excess of 3.4 million (Alexander, 2009). A recent pilot study by Western Michigan University, the NTSB report following the Colgan Air crash (NTSB, 2010; pp. 47-48) and information from Airtran Airways in a workers’ compensation case (WC, 07-00328, 2008) suggest that this could include a significant number of commuters from the aviation industry.
Simultaneous fault simulation using the generalized method of fault analysis

The author describes a procedure for simultaneous fault calculations using the generalized method of fault analysis. This approach, which can handle various faults without any restrictions on fault types, total numbers, or location, serves as the foundation of new fault analysis programs which are replacing the traditional short-circuit programs at various utility companies. The fundamental difference between this method and the tradition symmetrical component method is that faults are simulated on a phase network rather than on the sequence network. This gives the new technique additional flexibility in terms of simulating faults on different phases. >
Terminology management as data management

This paper will demonstrate why terminology should be viewed and managed as a data resource rather than a text resource. We will describe progressive terminology management practices and their benefits to corporate knowledge management.
Training in the implementation of prolonged exposure therapy: provider correlates of treatment outcome

The authors examined the degree to which provider characteristics, such as profession, treatment orientation, prior experience in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior experience with prolonged exposure (PE) therapy, and attitudes about PE, were related to the clinical outcomes of veterans receiving care from clinicians participating in the national Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) PE Training Program. Positive patient outcomes were achieved by providers of every profession, theoretical orientation, level of clinical experience treating PTSD, and prior PE training experience. With 1,105 providers and 32 predictors (13 provider variables), power was at least 90% power to detect an effect of β = .15. Profession was the only provider characteristic significantly related to outcomes, but the mean effect (a 2 point difference on the PTSD Checklist) was too small to be clinically meaningful. The results support the intensive training model used in the VA PE training program and demonstrate that clinicians of varying backgrounds can be trained using interactive training workshops followed by case consultation to deliver PE effectively.
Peritoneal Fluid and Plasma Levels of Human Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Relation to Peritoneal Fluid Macrophage Content

The peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with infertility (especially in the presence of endometriosis) contains increased numbers of leukocytes, 90% to 95% of which are macrophages. The high numbers of peritoneal macrophages presumably result from an influx of blood monocytes into the peritoneum, and/or from local proliferation of peritoneal macrophages. Once in the peritoneal cavity, monocytes differentiate into tissue macrophages. Mononuclear phagocyte proliferation and differentiation are influenced by different cytokines, including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of M-CSF levels in human PF and plasma to the macrophage content, and to the patient diagnoses. Mean concentrations of PF M-CSF were higher than plasma levels (2.44 +/- 0.13 v 0.95 +/- 0.06 ng/mL, respectively). The mean concentrations of plasma M-CSF did not differ in samples from women of different diagnostic groups (normal, peritoneal adhesions, endometriosis, inactive pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, and idiopathic infertility), but the PF concentration was slightly higher in normal women. The absolute (total) amount of PF M-CSF in normal women was lower than in those of the other diagnostic groups. The total amount of PF M-CSF in all women correlated closely with the total number of peritoneal macrophages. The tubal patency status (open versus closed) did not influence the plasma and PF concentrations of M-CSF, nor the PF absolute amount of M-CSF. The PF M-CSF may have come from peritoneal macrophages, fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, or endothelial cells. PF M-CSF may play important roles in the proliferation and/or the differentiation of peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes.
Social Change Movements and the Struggle Over Meaning-Making: A Case Study of Domestic Violence Narratives

Social movement theorists have emphasized the important role of meaning-making for social change movements (e.g., D. A. Snow and R. D. Benford, 1992, In: A. D. Morris & C. M. Mueller (Eds.) Frontiers in social movement theory. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, pp 133-155; C. M. Mueller, 1992, In: A. D. Morris & C. M. Mueller (Eds.) Frontiers in social movement theory. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, pp 3-26). Using the domestic violence movement as a case study, this study undertakes a close analysis of advocates' narratives about the phenomenon of domestic violence. This analysis sheds light on the current status of the movement as a social change movement attempting to promote alternative understandings of domestic violence as a social, rather than individual, problem. Study findings provide some evidence that the domestic violence movement has become increasingly de-politicized by documenting a range of narratives that convey an apolitical, degendered, individual-level analysis of domestic violence.
Anatomical Evidence for Classical and Extra-classical Receptive Field Completion Across the Discontinuous Horizontal Meridian Representation of Primate Area V2

In primates, a split of the horizontal meridian (HM) representation at the V2 rostral border divides this area into dorsal (V2d) and ventral (V2v) halves (representing lower and upper visual quadrants, respectively), causing retinotopically neighboring loci across the HM to be distant within V2. How is perceptual continuity maintained across this discontinuous HM representation? Injections of neuroanatomical tracers in marmoset V2d demonstrated that cells near the V2d rostral border can maintain retinotopic continuity within their classical and extra-classical receptive field (RF), by making both local and long-range intra- and interareal connections with ventral cortex representing the upper visual quadrant. V2d neurons located <0.9–1.3 mm from the V2d rostral border, whose RFs presumably do not cross the HM, make nonretinotopic horizontal connections with V2v neurons in the supra- and infragranular layers. V2d neurons located <0.6–0.9 mm from the border, whose RFs presumably cross the HM, in addition make retinotopic local connections with V2v neurons in layer 4. V2d neurons also make interareal connections with upper visual field regions of extrastriate cortex, but not of MT or MTc outside the foveal representation. Labeled connections in ventral cortex appear to represent the “missing” portion of the connectional fields in V2d across the HM. We conclude that connections between dorsal and ventral cortex can create visual field continuity within a second-order discontinuous visual topography.
Sport Team Identification and Willingness to Consider Anonymous Acts of Hostile Aggression.

Previous research indicated that a sizeable minority of individuals report a willingness to consider engaging in anonymous acts of instrumental aggression directed toward players and coaches of a rival team. Individuals with a high degree of identification with their favorite team were particularly likely to consider such acts. The current investigation was designed to extend this research by examining the likelihood that individuals would consider engaging in hostile anonymous aggression. It was expected that highly identified persons would be particularly likely to consider these acts, even though the acts would not provide a competitive advantage for their team. Data collected from 175 university students confirmed the expectations. In addition, the results indicated that males were more likely than females to report a willingness to consider the hostile aggressive acts and that participants were more likely to report a willingness to engage in less destructive acts (e.g., tripping an opposing player or coach) than more destructive acts (e.g., murdering an opposing player or coach).
Low-Complexity Turbo Block Decision Feedback Equalization for MIMO Systems

This paper proposes a low-complexity turbo block decision feedback equalizer (BDFE) with reliability-based successive soft interference cancellation (SSIC) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Turbo equalization in MIMO systems needs to combat both intersymbol interference (ISI) due to frequency-selective fading and multiplexing interference (MI) among data streams transmitted by different antennas. The proposed MIMO BDFE performs SSIC on both ISI in the time-domain and MI in the space-domain. For an SSIC receiver, the order in which the symbols are detected and cancelled is critical to the system performance, yet it is often overlooked in the literature. We propose a new reliability-based detection ordering scheme, where symbols with higher a priori reliability are detected before those with lower a priori reliability. The reliability information can be obtained from the a priori probability at the input of the soft-decision equalizer. The reliability-based ordering scheme is enabled by the turbo equalization structure, and it yields an extra equalization gain that is unavailable in a conventional equalization system. Furthermore, the adoption of non-linear BDFE in MIMO systems enables a low-complexity sequence-based log-likelihood ratio (LLR) evaluation, which is superior to the symbol-based LLR evaluation method employed by most other low-complexity turbo equalizers.
Trust, reciprocity and favors in cooperative relationships

We study trust, reciprocity, and favors in a repeated trust game with private information. In our main analysis, players are willing to exhibit trust and thereby facilitate cooperative gains only if such behavior is regarded as a favor that must be reciprocated, either immediately or in the future. The size of a favor owed may decline over time, following neutral periods. Indeed, a favor-exchange relationship with this feature improves on a simple favor-exchange relationship. In some settings, an infrequent and symmetric punishment sustains greater cooperation. A honeymoon period followed by favor-exchange or symmetric punishment can also offer scope for improvement. (JEL C73, D82, Z13)
An Examination of Measurement Characteristics and Factorial Validity of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale.

The present study investigated descriptive statistics for and factor validity of scores on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) based on the responses of 295 high-risk postpartum women. The CTS2 yielded results for this sample similar to results obtained from a sample of college students in a previous study. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analytic results indicated that a five-factor model, specifying factors of Negotiation, Minor Psychological Aggression, Severe Psychological Aggression, Minor Physical Assault, and Severe Physical Assault, yielded better fit statistics than a three-factor model that combined the minor and severe scales within the domains of psychological aggression and physical assault.
A SURVEY OF NORTH AMERICAN MIGRATORY WATERFOWL FOR DUCK PLAGUE (DUCK VIRUS ENTERITIS) VIRUS

A survey of migratory waterfowl for duck plague (DP) virus was conducted in the Mississippi and Central flyways during 1982 and in the Atlantic and Pacific flyways during 1983. Cloacal and pharyngeal swabs were collected from 3,169 migratory waterfowl in these four flyways, principally mallards (Anas platyrhynchos L.), black ducks (Anas rubripes Brewster), and pintails (Anas acuta L). In addition 1,033 birds were sampled from areas of recurrent DP outbreaks among nonmigratory and captive waterfowl, and 590 from Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge, the site of the only known major DP outbreak in migratory waterfowl. Duck plague virus was not found in any of the samples. Results support the hypothesis that DP is not established in North American migratory waterfowl as an enzootic disease.
Comparison of the histochemical and contractile properties of human triceps surae.

The purpose of the study was to compare the contractile properties determined from an electrically stimulated twitch with histochemically determined fibre type parameters of the human triceps surae. Muscle samples were obtained from the medial head of the gastrocnemius of ten male athletes. Ages ranged from 20 to 29 years. Muscle samples from the belly of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were obtained using the needle biopsy technique. The samples were treated histochemically for myosin ATPase to classify the fibres as either slow twitch (ST) or fast twitch (FT) and to determine fibre areas. Surface electrical stimulation was used to determine muscle twitch parameters. The contractile variables of the muscle twitch were latency (L), time to peak force (TPF), peak force (PF), half-contraction time (1/2 CT) and half-relaxation time (1/2 RT). Backward elimination procedures for dependent variables were used to determine which contractile properties best represented the histochemical profile of the muscles. Prediction formulas were developed for FT and ST percentages (R2=0·98, p<0·001), relative area percentage (R2=0·87, p<0·001), and ST area (R2=0·85, p<0·01). It was concluded that the use of the electrotensiometer (ETM) protocol was a valid testing procedure when studying physiological relationships of histochemical properties in intact human skeletal muscle.
Role of PTEN and Akt in the regulation of growth and apoptosis in human osteoblastic cells

Cancer cells are characterized by either an increased ability to proliferate or a diminished capacity to undergo programmed cell death. PTEN is instrumental in regulating the balance between growth and death in several cell types and has been described as a tumor suppressor. The chromosome arm on which PTEN is located is deleted in a subset of human osteosarcoma tumors. Therefore, we predicted that the loss of PTEN expression was contributing to increased Akt activation and the subsequent growth and survival of osteosarcoma tumor cells. Immunoblot analyses of several human osteosarcoma cell lines and normal osteoblasts revealed relatively abundant levels of PTEN. Furthermore, stimulation of cell growth or induction of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells failed to affect PTEN expression or activity. Therefore, routine regulation of osteosarcoma cell growth and survival appears to be independent of changes in PTEN. Subsequently, the activation of a downstream target of PTEN activity, the survival factor Akt, was analyzed. Inappropriate activation of Akt could bypass the negative regulation by PTEN. Analyses of Akt expression in several osteosarcoma cell lines and normal osteoblasts revealed uniformly low basal levels of phosphorylated Akt. The levels of phosphorylated Akt did not increase following growth stimulation. In addition, osteosarcoma cell growth was unaffected by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, an upstream activator of the Akt signaling pathway. These data further suggest that the Akt pathway is not the predominant signaling cascade required for osteoblastic growth. However, inhibition of PTEN activity resulted in increased levels of Akt phosphorylation and enhanced cell proliferation. These data suggest that while abundant levels of PTEN normally maintain Akt in an inactive form in osteoblastic cells, the Akt signaling pathway is intact and functional.
II. β-adrenergic receptors and catecholamine sensitive adenylate cyclase in the developing rat lung

Abstract β-Adrenergic receptors were identified in membrane fractions of fetal and postnatal rat lung with the β-adrenergic antagonist (−)−[3H] dihydroalprenolol, (−)−[3H] DHA. β-Receptor number (Bmax) increased 11-fold from day 18 of gestation to day 28 of postnatal life, 46±7 to 491±69 femtomole·mg−1 protein. Neither the KD, approximately 0.8nM for [3H]DHA, nor the β-adrenergic subtype changed with age. Classical agonists competed for the β-receptor with properties characteristic of β2-adrenergic binding. Analysis of the inhibition of receptor binding by selective β-adrenergic agents demonstrated approximately 75% β2 and 25% β1 β-adrenergic subtypes in fetal rat lung membranes. The increase in β-adrenergic receptor during development was associated with adenylate cyclase activity which was sensitive to catecholamines at all ages studied, supporting the possible role of the β-adrenergic receptor system in the postnatal regulation of pulmonary function.
Field dependence of magnon decay in yttrium iron garnet thin films

We discuss threshold field dependence of the decay rate of the uniform magnon mode in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films. We demonstrate that decays must cease to exist in YIG films of thickness less than $1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$m, the length scale defined by the exchange length. We show that due to the symmetry of the three-magnon coupling, the decay rate is linear in $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=({H}_{c}\ensuremath{-}H)$ in the vicinity of the threshold field ${H}_{c}$ instead of the steplike ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathbf{k}=0}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\Theta}\left(\ensuremath{\Delta}H\right)$ expected from the two-dimensional character of magnon excitations in such films. For thicker films, the decay rate should exhibit multiple steps due to thresholds for decays into a sequence of the two-dimensional magnon bands. For yet thicker films, such thresholds merge and crossover to the three-dimensional single-mode behavior: ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathbf{k}=0}\ensuremath{\propto}{|\ensuremath{\Delta}H|}^{3/2}$.
Predictive dynamics: an optimization-based novel approach for human motion simulation

Predictive dynamics is a novel approach for simulating human motion. It avoids direct integration of differential-algebraic equations in order to create the resulting simulations for redundant digital human models. Instead, it formulates an optimization problem by defining appropriate performance measures and constraints to recover the real motion of the dynamic system. In the formulation, both kinematics and kinetics parameters serve as unknowns, and equations of motion are treated as equality constraints. Procedures to choose physical performance measures and appropriate constraints based on the available information about the bio-system are presented. The proposed methodology is illustrated and studied by first predicting the swinging motion of a single pendulum with externally applied torque. The pendulum can represent the motion of upper and lower extremities. This simple problem has analytical solutions and is used to gain insights for the predictive dynamics approach. In addition, a complex human walking task is simulated by using the approach, and realistic results are obtained. Such motion prediction capabilities have a wide variety of applications for industries ranging from automotive to military to clinical analysis and design.
Is maternal opioid use hazardous to breast-fed infants?

Over the last few decades, the rate of breastfeeding has increased steadily in the developed countries of the world. During this time, opioid use in the general population has steadily increased as...
Gifts of Mentorships

The benefits or "gifts" deriving from a mentorship, for both mentors and proteges, are described. The list of benefits was developed from the literature on mentorships, from interviews with mentors and proteges, and from an evaluation completed by gifted students and their mentors at the termination of a school mentorship program. Gifts to proteges include: advancement of career, an increase in knowledge and skills (general as well as specific), development of known as well as undiscovered talents, development of a personal ethic, establishment of a friendship, and enhancement of creativity. Also described are the following gifts to mentors: getting work done, having ideation stimulated, establishing a long-term friendship, and receiving personal satisfaction. Implications for educators of the gifted and talented focus on program development.
Routing with critical paths

Abstract Given an undirected graph, a set of simple paths in the graph and a bound for each path, we wish to know whether the vertices of the graph can be laid out on a line so that each path is stretched no more than its bound. The problem is solvable in polynomial time for fixed bounds and path lengths.