cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Post-Lumbar Puncture Headache in an Academic LP Clinic (P5.107)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of post-lumbar puncture headache in an academic lumbar puncture clinic and to identify factors that may contribute to its development. BACKGROUND: At our dedicated outpatient LP clinic we use a standardized protocol for minimizing the risk of post-LP headache. Patients are asked to remain recumbent for 2 hours post LP and refrain from lifting anything above 5 pounds for 48 hours. Patients are instructed to call our clinic if they develop headache or other new symptoms within 2 weeks of the procedure. DESIGN/METHODS: After obtaining IHC approval, we performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who had attended our LP clinic from February 2013 to October 2014. For each patient, we documented demographic data, procedural data and whether or not headache occurred. RESULTS: 167 patients underwent the procedure successfully (31[percnt] male and 69[percnt] female). The most common indications included possible demyelinating disease (24[percnt]), idiopathic intracranial hypertension (20[percnt]) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (17[percnt]). 16.77[percnt] developed a post-procedural headache. In those who developed a headache, the median age was 45; median BMI was 29.5; median opening pressure was 18cm of H2O; median fluid removal was 18mL; and 96[percnt] were performed in the lateral decubitus position. In those without headache, the median age was 49.5; median BMI was 29; median opening pressure was 18mL of H2O; median fluid removed was 17.5mL; and 87[percnt] were performed in a lateral decubitus position. No patients required an autologous blood patch. CONCLUSIONS: 16.77[percnt] of patients developed a post-LP headache. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of BMI, opening pressure, volume of CSF removed or procedural position. We plan to extend these results in a prospective analysis to establish whether varying the period of recumbency post-procedure will modify the risk of headache. Disclosure: Dr. Mac Grory has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khokhar has nothing to disclose.
Highly CO2-Selective Gas Separation Membranes Based on Segmented Copolymers of Poly(Ethylene oxide) Reinforced with Pentiptycene-Containing Polyimide Hard Segments.

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-containing polymer membranes are attractive for CO2-related gas separations due to their high selectivity toward CO2. However, the development of PEO-rich membranes is frequently challenged by weak mechanical properties and a high crystallization tendency of PEO that hinders gas transport. Here we report a new series of highly CO2-selective, amorphous PEO-containing segmented copolymers prepared from commercial Jeffamine polyetheramines and pentiptycene-based polyimide. The copolymers are much more mechanically robust than the nonpentiptycene containing counterparts due to the molecular reinforcement mechanism of supramolecular chain threading and interlocking interactions induced by the pentiptycene structures, which also effectively suppresses PEO crystallization leading to a completely amorphous structure even at 60% PEO weight content. Membrane transport properties are sensitively affected by both PEO weight content and PEO chain length. A nonlinear correlation between CO2 p...
Pentobarbital produces dissimilar changes in glucose influx and utilization in brain.

The effects of pentobarbital sodium on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and 3-O-methylglucose (3-MG) influx were measured by quantitative autoradiography in 52 brain areas of control and treated rats. Pentobarbital (50 mg/kg ip) lowered LCGU to a relatively uniform rate (approximately 35 mumol.100 g-1.min-1) in 24 of 25 forebrain areas. Among the 18 hindbrain areas, LCGU was decreased by pentobarbital by 15-55% (range 50-157 and 28-110 mumol.100 g-1.min-1 in control and treated rats, respectively). In contrast, pentobarbital lowered the 3-MG influx rate constant and permeability-surface area product by 20-30% in nearly all brain structures. The 3-MG results fit a model in which both the half-saturation constant and the maximal velocity of the glucose carrier are decreased by pentobarbital. After pentobarbital treatment, the ratio of local cerebral plasma flow (LCPF) to LCGU was the same as in controls for brain areas in which LCGU was less than 35 mumol.100 g-1.min-1 but was higher in brain areas where LCGU exceeded 35 mumol.100 g-1.min-1. Pentobarbital produced dissimilar changes in LCGU, 3-MG influx, and LCPF; these processes may thus not be closely linked during pentobarbital anesthesia.
Book Review: Writing Disability: A Critical History

Title: Writing Disability: A Critical History Author: Sara Newman Reviewer: Dax Garcia Publisher: Boulder, CO: FirstForumPress, www.firstforumpress.com, 2013 Hardcover: ISBN: 978-1-935049-54-8 Cost: $ 59.95 , 203 pages
Comparison of two attitude scaling methods.

Paired-comparison and equal-appearing methods of scaling attitude statements toward teaching were compared empirically, utilizing three groups of judges. The two methods appear to be comparable when expert judges are used, but the data raise some questions regarding use of students as judges in this type of study. Choice of the method of attitude scale construction may be based on economical factors, such as time and number of judges available.
Analysis of food contamination with Listeria monocytogens and antibiotic susceptibility in Shunyi

Objective:To investigate the contamination with Listeria monocytogens of food and to study the antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne Listeria monocytogens in Shunyi.Methods:The isolats were separated and identified by national standard methods and VITEK-2 Compact system.Susceptibility tests were performed with the Kirby-Bauer method.Results:Eight isolates were obtained from 164 samples,the Presence of Listeria monocytogens was 4.88%.The most frequently contaminated foods were raw meats(18.75%),followed by cooked meats(10.00%),the strain was not found in other foods.All eight isolates were susceptible to ampicillin,penicillin,vancomycin,amoxicillin,cephalothin,gentamicin,chloramphenicl,sulfonamide and rifampin.Only isolate was resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline.Conclusion:Foods in Shunyi are contaminated by Listeria monocytogens,particularly in raw meats and cooked meats.Foodborne Listeria monocytogens in Shunyi were susceptible to many antibiotics.
Redox Equivalents and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

Mitochondrial energy metabolism depends upon high-flux and low-flux electron transfer pathways. The former provide the energy to support chemiosmotic coupling for oxidative phosphorylation. The latter provide mechanisms for signaling and control of mitochondrial functions. Few practical methods are available to measure rates of individual mitochondrial electron transfer reactions; however, a number of approaches are available to measure steady-state redox potentials (E (h)) of donor/acceptor couples, and these can be used to gain insight into rate-controlling reactions as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics. Redox changes within the respiratory electron transfer pathway are quantified by optical spectroscopy and measurement of changes in autofluorescence. Low-flux pathways involving thiol/disulfide redox couples are measured by redox western blot and mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics. Together, the approaches provide the opportunity to develop integrated systems biology descriptions of mitochondrial redox signaling and control mechanisms.
Safety of the Manchester Triage System to Detect Critically Ill Children at the Emergency Department

Objective To assess the safety of the Manchester Triage System in pediatric emergency care for children who require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Study Design Between 2006 and 2013, 50 062 consecutive emergency department visits of children younger than the age of 16 years were included. We determined the percentage of undertriage, defined as the proportion of children admitted to ICU triaged as low urgent according to the Manchester Triage System, and diagnostic performance measures, including sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic OR. Characteristics of undertriaged patients were compared with correctly triaged patients. In a logistic regression model, risk factors for undertriage were determined. Results In total, 238 (28.7%) of the 830 children admitted to ICU during the study period were undertriaged. Sensitivity of high Manchester Triage System urgency levels to detect ICU admission was 71% (95% CI 68%-74%) and specificity 85% (95% CI 85%-85%). Severity of illness was lower in undertriaged children than correctly triaged children admitted to ICU. Risk factors for undertriage were age Conclusion The Manchester Triage System misclassifies a substantial number of children who require ICU admission. Modifications targeted at young children and children with a comorbid condition could possibly improve safety of the Manchester Triage System in pediatric emergency care.
Right-wing authoritarianism and attitudes toward torture

I examined the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and attitudes toward torture. The results from 2 studies with U.S. students and citizens, respectively, demonstrated that not only was there a significant positive relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and their attitudes toward torture, but, more specifically, there was a significant positive relationship between authoritarian aggression and attitudes toward torture. The findings are discussed within the context of theoretical models of authoritarianism and human aggression.
Pitfalls in studying “big data” from operational scenarios

Analyzing a larger dataset is sometimes assumed, in itself, to confer a greater degree of validity to the results of a study. In biometrics, analyzing an “operational” dataset is also sometimes assumed, in itself to confer a greater degree of validity. And so studying a large, operational biometric dataset may seem to guarantee valid results. However, a number of basic questions should be asked of any “found” big data, in order to avoid pitfalls of the data not being suitable for the desired analysis. We explore such issues using a large operational iris recognition dataset from the Canada Border Services Agency's NEXUS program, similar to the dataset analyzed in the NISTIREX VI report.
Sleeping Giant: How the New Working Class Will Transform America by Tamara Draut

This book highlights the plight of working-class Americans and calls for unified political action to get government to restore the working class to the happiness they enjoyed prior to 1980. There a...
Giving Them a Hand: Wearing a Myoelectric Elbow-Wrist-Hand Orthosis Reduces Upper Extremity Impairment in Chronic Stroke.

Abstract Objective To determine the immediate effect of a portable, myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis on paretic upper extremity (UE) impairment in chronic, stable, moderately impaired stroke survivors. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Participants Participants exhibiting chronic, moderate, stable, poststroke, UE hemiparesis (N=18). Interventions Subjects were administered a battery of measures testing UE impairment and function. They then donned a fabricated myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis and were again tested on the same battery of measures while wearing the device. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the UE Section of the Fugl-Meyer Scale. Subjects were also administered a battery of functional tasks and the Box and Block (BB) test. Results Subjects exhibited significantly reduced UE impairment while wearing the myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis (FM: t 17 =8.56, P z =2.251, P =.024; feeding [elbow]: z =2.966, P =.003; drinking [grasp]: z =3.187, P =.001). Additionally, subjects showed significant decreases in time taken to grasp a cup ( z =1.286, P =.016) and increased gross manual dexterity while wearing a myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis (BB test: z =3.42, P Conclusions Results suggest that UE impairment, as measured by the Fugl-Meyer Scale, is significantly reduced when donning a myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis, and these changes exceeded the Fugl-Meyer Scale's clinically important difference threshold. Further, utilization of a myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis significantly increased gross manual dexterity and performance of certain functional tasks. Future work will integrate education sessions to increase subjects' ability to perform multijoint functional movements and attain consistent functional changes.
Needle as Input: Exploring Practice and Materiality When Crafting Becomes Computing

A growing body of research combines craft and interaction design. The "Stitch Sampler" project, a sew-able musical instrument and craft platform, stands in this context. In particular, the project serves to underline the importance of two conceptual themes that have emerged in HCI over the last decade, specifically the "material turn" of research on computing and the "practice" or "action-centric" turn in HCI. We present that our prototype and its evolution process as an example of a third trend in HCI research that has developed closely along-side these shifts, with relation to research specifically on craft practice. We discuss the Stitch Sampler and related work that couple electronics and smart materials with craft practices. In that way the act of crafting has in some cases become a form of computation.
Quasi-Likelihood Estimation of a Censored Autoregressive Model With Exogenous Variables

Maximum likelihood estimation of a censored autoregressive model with exogenous variables (CARX) requires computing the conditional likelihood of blocks of data of variable dimensions. As the rando...
Properties of Mitotic and Meiotic Recombination in the Tandemly-Repeated CUP1 Gene Cluster in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the genes encoding the metallothionein protein Cup1 are located in a tandem array on chromosome VIII. Using a diploid strain that is heterozygous for an insertion of a selectable marker (URA3) within this tandem array, and heterozygous for markers flanking the array, we measured interhomolog recombination and intra/sister chromatid exchange in the CUP1 locus. The rate of intra/sister chromatid recombination exceeded the rate of interhomolog recombination by >10-fold. Loss of the Rad51 and Rad52 proteins, required for most interhomolog recombination, led to a relatively small reduction of recombination in the CUP1 array. Although interhomolog mitotic recombination in the CUP1 locus is elevated relative to the average genomic region, we found that interhomolog meiotic recombination in the array is reduced compared to most regions. Lastly, we showed that high levels of copper (previously shown to elevate CUP1 transcription) lead to a substantial elevation in rate of both interhomolog and intra/sister chromatid recombination in the CUP1 array; recombination events that delete the URA3 insertion from the CUP1 array occur at a rate of >10−3/division in unselected cells. This rate is almost three orders of magnitude higher than observed for mitotic recombination events involving single-copy genes. In summary, our study shows that some of the basic properties of recombination differ considerably between single-copy and tandemly-repeated genes.
Book Introduction: Antitrust Law for Information Goods

Markets run on information. Buyers make decisions by relying on information about the products available, and sellers decide what to produce based on information about what buyers want. But the ways in which this market information is acquired has changed, as consumers increasingly turn to sources that act as intermediaries for information — companies like Yelp and Google. In addition, various sorts of informational standards and certifications are playing a greater role in determining what goods sellers produce; the LIBOR benchmark interest rate, for example, can be seen as such a standard. Antitrust Law in the New Economy considers a range of competition problems that involve information in the marketplace. Sellers sometimes have the ability and motivation to distort the truth about their products when they make data available to intermediaries like Google and Yelp. The intermediaries themselves, in turn, may have their own incentives to skew the information they provide to buyers, both to benefit advertisers and to gain advantages over their competition. And sellers that agree on product standards may do so in circumstances in which the standards merely eliminate competition or may adopt standard-setting processes that do not prevent manipulation by individual sellers. Broadly speaking, competitive harm in these instances arises primarily from the production of low-quality information. Yet consumer protection law is poorly suited to addressing the issues because the relevant information is often neither advertising nor “false” or “misleading.” Instead, the problems are better characterized as forms of exclusion or collusion in information markets. Those forms of conduct are normally addressed by antitrust law, though antitrust law has not traditionally focused on such conduct in these informational contexts. However, by treating information markets — markets for Google search results, Yelp reviews, and LIBOR rates — as markets that are themselves proper subjects of antitrust scrutiny, antitrust law can be adapted to these problems. The book discusses a range of ways in which antitrust can be applied to the manipulation of information for competitive advantage and the exploitation of consumers, and it considers related informational issues such as “confusopoly” and sellers’ use of consumers’ personal information. It also addresses how intellectual property law and legal protections for freedom of speech can limit the application of antitrust law. The goal of the book is to show that just as antitrust law serves to prevent anticompetitive conduct that results in supracompetitive prices, it can also prevent competitive harm from low-quality information.
Sexuality and the Middle-Aged Woman

Government-funded research on sexual behavior is usually about one of two groups: adolescents or those over age 60. For the former group, the goal is to stop, or regulate, the behavior; for the older group, the aim is to document the potential lifelong availability of a God-given sexual gift, driven by the rule “Use it or lose it.” As the proportion of older citizens in the population increases, their political clout sparks research on the conditions that maintain sexual behavior after age 60. Lost in the push (the aged) and pull (back the young) are the middle-aged, those roughly 40–60 years old.
Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate

The oxidation potential of dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ) increases from 0.37 V to 0.73 V with increase in pH from 6 to 9, because hydroxyl is consumed during oxidation of dithionite. At the same time the amount of iron oxide dissolved in 15 minutes falls off (from 100 percent to less than 1 percent extracted) with increase in pH from 6 to 12 owing to solubility product relationships of iron oxides. An optimum pH for maximum reaction kinetics occurs at approximately pH 7.3. A buffer is needed to hold the pH at the optimum level because 4 moles of OH are used up in reaction with each mole of Na 2 S 2 O 4 oxidized. Tests show that NaHCO 3 effectively serves as a buffer in this application. Crystalline hematite dissolved in amounts of several hundred milligrams in 2 min. Crystalline geothite dissolved more slowly, but dissolved during the two or three 15 min treatments normally given for iron oxide removal from soils and clays. A series of methods for the extraction of iron oxides from soils and clays was tested with soils high in free iron oxides and with nontronite and other iron-bearing clays. It was found that the bicarbonate-buffered Na 2 S 2 O 4 -citrate system was the most effective in removal of free iron oxides from latosolic soils, and the least destructive of iron silicate clays as indicated by least loss in cation exchange capacity after the iron oxide removal treatment. With soils the decrease was very little but with the very susceptible Woody district nontronite, the decrease was aboout 17 percent as contrasted to 35-80 percent with other methods.
Speeded-Up Robust Features Based Moving Object Detection on Shaky Video

In this paper we propose a novel moving object detection method on shaky video employing speeded-up robust features (SURF). SURF features are extracted and tracked in each frame to estimate projective transformation parameters. We adopt RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) to improve the estimation accuracy. We use an efficient background subtraction method to detect moving objects in the scene. The background template is registered and updated in each frame to ensure the stability of the system. Experimental results performed on various video sequences demonstrate that our method can detect moving objects accurately and quickly. The proposed algorithm has the potential to achieve real-time performance.
Cultural cognition and climate change education in the U.S.: why consensus is not enough

Integrating climate change into environmental education programs and formal science classrooms can be difficult, as the issue remains controversial and highly politicized among the American public....
Progress and Prospects of Regional Financial Arrangements and Cooperation: A Critical Survey

This paper provides a brief survey for the progress and prospects of regional financial arrangements/cooperation among the East Asian nations and presents the summary of various conflicting points of discussion about the strategies on the establishment of an effective regional financial arrangement in the region. Several obstacles that need to be overcome for successful regional financial cooperation among the East Asian nations are identified along with various policy options.
Multiscale Fourier Landscape Pattern Indices For Landscape Ecology

A factor analysis of 67 landscape pattern metrics was performed to quantify the ability of landscape pattern metrics to explain land cover pattern, and to report individual landscape pattern metric values that are statistically independent. This land cover pattern is measured from 7.68 x 7.68 [km] GeoTiff image tiles of the conterminous United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1992 National Land Cover Dataset (NCLD). Using factor analysis to rank independent landscape pattern information, each landscape pattern metric produces the explanatory power of that landscape pattern metric amongst the other 66 landscape pattern metrics—any landscape pattern metrics that report similar values contribute redundant information. The metrics that contribute the most information are Jackson’s Contagion statistic (P005), typically contributing to 97 % of the explained variability; the Fourier Metric of Fragmentation (FMF), typically contributing to 65 % of the explained variability; and average LCLU class lacunarity (TLAC), typically contributing to 62 % of the explained variability. Two other Fourier-based landscape pattern metrics we tested, the Least Squares Fourier Transform Fractal Dimension Estimation (LsFT) and the Fourier Metric of Proportion (FMP), contributed 50 % and 12 % to the explained variability, respectively. In addition, the values reported by each of the Fourier metrics are revealed to be relatively independent amongst commonly used landscape pattern metrics and are thus demonstrated to be appropriate for explaining general landscape pattern variability.
Optical Evaluation of Perovskite Films in and for Solar Cell Device Structures

We demonstrate a solar cell based on a thin layer of metal directly deposited on an n-doped semiconductor structure, forming a Schottky barrier acting as a semi-selective contact for an electron temperature driven cell. Absorption of light is shown to be by free carrier absorption in the metal layer for illumination with wavelengths of light below the semiconductor band gap, giving rise to an IV characteristic with a reverse bias slope dependent on electron temperature. Illumination with light in excess of the band gap reveals a standard Schottky cell IV characteristic.
Effects of dynamic loading on solute transport through the human cartilage endplate

Abstract Nutrient and metabolite transport through the cartilage endplate (CEP) is important for maintaining proper disc nutrition, but the mechanisms of solute transport remain unclear. One unresolved issue is the role of dynamic loading. In comparison to static loading, dynamic loading is thought to enhance transport by increasing convection. However, the CEP has a high resistance to fluid flow, which could limit solute convection. Here we measure solute transport through site-matched cadaveric human lumbar CEP tissues under static vs. dynamic loading, and we determine how the degree of transport enhancement from dynamic loading depends on CEP porosity and solute size. We found that dynamic loading significantly increased small and large solute transport through the CEP: on average, dynamic loading increased the transport of sodium fluorescein (376 Da) by a factor of 1.85 ± 0.64 and the transport of a large dextran (4000 Da) by a factor of 4.97 ± 3.05. Importantly, CEP porosity (0.65 ± 0.07; range: 0.47–0.76) strongly influenced the degree of transport enhancement. Specifically, for both solutes, transport enhancement was greater for CEPs with low porosity than for CEPs with high porosity. This is because the CEPs with low porosity were susceptible to larger improvements in fluid flow under dynamic loading. The CEP becomes less porous and less hydrated with aging and as disc degeneration progresses. Together, these findings suggest that as those changes occur, dynamic loading has a greater effect on solute transport through the CEP compared to static loading, and thus may play a larger role in disc nutrition.
More Than a Biological Condition: The Heteronormative Framing of Infertility

Infertility is often framed from the perspective of heterosexual couples, the dominant patient group using reproductive technologies. However, there are many types of patients availing of fertility treatments and those patients are often overlooked in policy, planning, service provision, and research. This commentary demonstrates the need for further research into LGBT subgroups, who frequently fall outside of infertility discourses, and are therefore especially disadvantaged by current policy and fertility service structures.
Chemoradiation-induced alteration of programmed death-ligand 1 and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in rectal cancer.

570Background: DNA damage and subsequent neoantigen formation has been hypothesized as a mechanismfor radiotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition to synergize in an antitumor immune response. We...
Civil Commitment of Youthful Offenders: Issues and Concerns

The vast majority of the 20 states that allow for civil commitment of sexual offenders either explicitly or implicitly allow for the commitment of youth or emerging adults whose only criminal behavior occurred before the age of 18 years. There are at least four major areas of concern with including such young people in such schemes: that adolescents who commit sexual offenses are unlikely to continue such behavior into adulthood; that the tools available to predict risk, both those available for adolescents and those for adults, do not show adequate predictive validity for determining reoffending risk in this population; that the treatment needs and the effective treatment programs for youth are different, both in terms of how they are delivered and what they target, from those programs targeting adult sexual offenders; and finally, that the environment of a civil commitment program is likely iatrogenic in that the attitudes and behaviors required to successfully negotiate the social system exacerbates the developmental deficiencies and challenges present in most youth adjudicated delinquent for sexual behavior. This chapter discusses these four concerns in detail and argues that civil commitment is not appropriate for those with no adult sexual offending behavior.
Challenges to Cultural Outsiders from the Culture of Grief Counseling/Therapy

AbstractEvery healer works within a culture of healing. Healing cultures may work well when “clients” understand and accept their place in the healing culture. But a healing culture can create chal...
Abstract 400: Enhanced Neovascularization by ETV2 via Angiogenesis in Myocardial Infarction Models

Attempts to regenerate cardiac vessels in order to treat ischemic myocardial disease have continued to be an old goal in the field of gene therapy. However, most studies that have applied proangiog...
Prediction of LEAP-UCD-2017 Centrifuge Test Results Using Two Advanced Plasticity Sand Models

In accordance with the Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Projects (LEAP)-UCD-2017 guidelines, two stress-dependent bounding surface constitutive models, Manzari-Dafalias and PM4Sand, were calibrated for Class-B prediction of centrifuge experiments of a sloped ground surface model of uniformly deposited Ottawa F-65 sand. Different calibration techniques and objectives were chosen for each material model. It was shown that both models were capable of simulating the behavior of cohesionless soils under liquefaction.
On Universal Scaling of Distributed Queues under Load Balancing

This paper considers the steady-state performance of load balancing algorithms in a many-server system with distributed queues. The system has $N$ servers, and each server maintains a local queue with buffer size $b-1,$ i.e. a server can hold at most one job in service and $b-1$ jobs in the queue. Jobs in the same queue are served according to the first-in-first-out (FIFO) order. The system is operated in a heavy-traffic regime such that the workload per server is $\lambda = 1 - N^{-\alpha}$ for $0.5\leq \alpha<1.$ We identify a set of algorithms such that the steady-state queues have the following universal scaling, where {\em universal} means that it holds for any $\alpha\in[0.5,1)$: (i) the number of of busy servers is $\lambda N-o(1);$ and (ii) the number of servers with two jobs (one in service and one in queue) is $O(N^{\alpha}\log N);$ and (iii) the number of servers with more than two jobs is $O\left(\frac{1}{N^{r(1-\alpha)-1}}\right),$ where $r$ can be any positive integer independent of $N.$ The set of load balancing algorithms that satisfy the sufficient condition includes join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ), idle-one-first (I1F), and power-of-$d$-choices (Po$d$) with $d\geq N^\alpha\log^2 N.$ We further argue that the waiting time of such an algorithm is near optimal order-wise.
Aortoventricular Tunnel With Severely Dilated Ascending Aorta and Bicuspid Aortic Valve in a Newborn

Abstract Aortoventricular tunnel is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation whereby there is a paravalvular communication between the aorta and a ventricle. This unique case describes a newbo...
Combining Two Devices to Create a New Application: The Paracorporeal Lung Assist as a Bridge to Lung Transplant in an Infant

Introduction Oxygenators are well known for their application in extracorporeal circulation. Berlin Heart silicone cannulae were specifically designed for use with ventricular assist devices. We describe a novel combination of these two devices for creation of a pumpless, paracorporeal system for bridging an infant to lung transplantation. Case Description A four-month-old baby, born at 36 weeks of gestation with refractory respiratory failure with components of both parenchymal lung disease and pulmonary hypertension, was referred from an outside institution. He had previously undergone ductal stenting at …
Resprouting of the woody plant Pyrus calleryana influences soil ecology during invasion of grasslands in the American Midwest

Abstract Biological invasion of woody plants into grasslands is a widespread phenomenon that threatens the cultural value, biodiversity, and ecosystem function of these unique systems. In the American Midwest, grasslands are increasingly threatened by invasion of the tree Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) which is particularly challenging to manage and has strong potential to alter ecosystem function. Mowing is a standard practice for maintaining Midwestern grasslands; however, P. calleryana exhibits an aggressive sprout response to cutting and the ecological implications of this behavior are not well understood. We measured the response of soil moisture and pH, and soil enzyme activities representing labile carbon cycling (β-glucosidase), recalcitrant carbon cycling (peroxidase and phenol oxidase), nitrogen cycling (leucine aminopeptidase) and phosphorus cycling (phosphatase) to determine how P. calleryana trees that are untreated and single stemmed alter nutrient cycling compared to their cut and resprouting counterparts. We found lower β-glucosidase activity and higher peroxidase activity underneath single stemmed trees than underneath those which had resprouted, indicating that there may be lower nutrient availability underneath untreated trees accounting for differences in enzyme activity. Generally, invasive species leaf litter has faster decay rates than native species, which results in higher activities of enzymes that degrade labile materials in soil underneath the plants. Because soils underneath P. calleryana do not follow this pattern, it is possible that its leaf material is not as labile as other common invaders. We also found that increasing P. calleryana basal diameter was associated with reductions in soil pH, which indirectly increased peroxidase and phenol oxidase activities, enzymes which are indicative of recalcitrant C sources such as lignin. This demonstrates that P. calleryana may alter carbon cycling by altering the C inputs to the soil system from its leaf litter. Taken together, P. calleryana may reduce plant richness and promote further invasion by lowering the availability of labile carbon and lowering soil pH, indicating that this invasion may be soil-mediated and self-reinforcing. Further, we recommend continued mowing as a treatment for P. calleryana invasion to ameliorate the impacts of its invasion even though there will likely be a sprout response to treatment.
Accessibility and Historical Change: An Emergent Cluster Led Uncles and Aunts to Become Aunts and Uncles.

There are times when a curiously odd relic of language presents us with a thread, which when pulled, reveals deep and general facts about human language. This paper unspools such a case. Prior to 1930, English speakers uniformly preferred male-before-female (MF nephews and nieces, rather than the reverse order preferred today for these cases (aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews). This unusual reversal began with mother and daddy and spread throughout half a dozen semantically related binomials over a period of decades. The present work demonstrates that 3 aspects of COGNITIVE ACCESSIBILITY explain why this cluster of binomials reversed their preferred order. We quantify the extent to which the probability of A&B order is predicted by 1) the relative accessibility of the A and B terms individually, 2) competition from B&A order, 3) cluster strength (i.e., similarity to related A’& B’ cases). The current work suggests that the same factors can be used to predict the word order of both familiar and novel binomials generally.
How organizational culture influences holistic review: a qualitative multiple case study

Studies primarily involving single health professions programs suggest that holistic review in admissions can increase underrepresented minority (URM) representation among admitted students. However, data showing little improvement in the overall proportion of URMs in many health professions, despite widespread use of holistic review, suggest that relatively few programs using holistic review admit substantial proportions of underrepresented minorities. Therefore, more research is needed to understand factors that facilitate holistic review practices that successfully promote diverse student enrollment. The literature suggests that a supportive organizational culture is necessary for holistic review to be effective; yet, the influence of culture on admissions has not been directly studied. This study employs a qualitative, multiple case study approach to explore the influence of a culture that values diversity and inclusion ('diversity culture') on holistic review practices in two physician assistant educational programs that met criteria consistent with a proposed conceptual framework linking diversity culture to holistic admissions associated with high URM student enrollment (relative to other similar programs). Data from multiple sources were collected at each program during the 2018-2019 admissions cycle, and a coding manual derived from the conceptual framework facilitated directed content analysis and comparison of program similarities and differences. Consistent with the conceptual framework, diversity culture appeared to be a strong driver of holistic admissions practices that support enrolling diverse classes of students. Additional insights emerged that may serve as propositions for further testing and include the finding that URM faculty 'champions for diversity' appeared to strongly influence the admissions process.
Research Note: Rous sarcoma growth differs among congenic lines containing major histocompatibility (B) complex recombinants.

ABSTRACT New arrangements of chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I BF and class IV BG genes are created through recombination. Characterizing the immune responses of such recombinants reveals genes or gene regions that contribute to immunity. Inbred Line UCD 003 (B17B17) served as the genetic background for congenic lines, each containing a unique MHC recombinant. After an initial cross to introduce a specific recombinant, 10 backcrosses to the inbred line produced lines with 99.9% genetic uniformity. The current study compared Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) tumor growth in 5 congenic lines homozygous for MHC recombinants (003.R1 = BF24-BG23, 003.R2 = BF2-BG23, 003.R4 = BF2-BG23, 003.R5 = BF21-BG19, and 003.R13 = BF17-BG23). Two experiments used a total of 70 birds from the 5 congenic lines inoculated with 20 pock forming units of RSV subgroup C at 6 wk of age. Tumor size was scored 6 times over 10 wk postinoculation followed by assignment of a tumor profile index (TPI) based on the tumor size scores. Tumor growth over time and rank transformed TPI values were analyzed by least squares ANOVA. Tumor size increased over the experimental period in all genotypes through 4 wk postinoculation. After this time, tumor size increased in Lines 003.R1, plateaued in Lines 003.R2, 003.R4, and 003.R13, and declined in 003.R5. Tumor growth over time was significantly lower in Line 003.R5 compared with all other genotypes. In addition, Line 003.R5 chickens had significantly lower TPI values compared with Lines 003.R2, 003.R4, and 003.R13. The TPI of Line 003.R1 did not differ significantly from any of the other genotypes. The BF21 in Line 003.R5 produced a greater response against subgroup C RSV tumors than did BF24, found in 003.R1; BF2 found in 003.R2 and R4 as well as BF17 found in 003.R13.
Losing the license to regenerate hair cells.

Regenerative repair decreases in many organs as tissue matures. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Tao et al. (2021) identify epigenetic mechanisms that coincide with temporal loss of regenerative potential in the mammalian inner ear.
Identifying and Reducing Disparities in Young Adults With Diabetes

This article outlines how social and health care determinants can affect young adults with diabetes. The authors provide a detailed description of each determinant’s influence on diabetes self-management and offer solutions to help mitigate these harmful effects.
Modular forms, a computational approach

Modular forms Modular forms of level $1$ Modular forms of weight $2$ Dirichlet characters Eisenstein series and Bernoulli numbers Dimension formulas Linear algebra General modular symbols Computing with newforms Computing periods Solutions to selected exercises Appendix A: Computing in higher rank Bibliography Index.
Forgetting the lessons of history

While a great deal of behavior analytic research has focussed on studying current contingencies, the amount of work done in the area of conditioning history is spotty, at best. Weiner (1964, 1969) conducted history research with human subjects, but little has followed in either the human or the nonhuman literature. Some direction can also be found in the literature studying the effects of conditioning on drug effects (e.g., Barrett, 1977; Urbain, Poling, Millam, & Thompson, 1978). However, “behavioral history” or “conditioning history” has not been a fully-developed area within behavior analysis. It is suggested that empirical work on history effects might have implications for (a) better understanding human-nonhuman behavioral differences and similarities, (b) clinical applications, especially where clients are resistant to behavioral change, and (c) theoretical assumptions in behavior analysis in relation to both basic and applied concerns.
Unit testing and debugging with aspects

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) may be used to implement non-invasive debugging for Java Programs whereby target code (code to be debugged) is not altered. This paper illustrates techniques for tracing the execution of loops, methods and constructors using AOP. The use of aspects to implement debugging can also eliminate the need to install and learn new debugging packages for code tracing.
Ground‐penetrating radar land mine imaging: Two‐dimensional seismic migration and three‐dimensional inverse scattering in layered media

[1] This paper presents two methods for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) imaging of land mines: a two-dimensional (2-D) seismic migration method and a 3-D nonlinear inverse scattering method. The seismic migration technique has been successfully applied to processing field data sets collected at a test site. The results show that the seismic migration technique is a useful real-time imaging method. To image the 3-D structure of the land mine, we have developed a full 3-D nonlinear inverse scattering algorithm on the basis of the contrast source inversion method. To account for the ground surface and potentially other subsurface layers, the inverse scattering method uses a multilayered medium as a background. Preliminary results demonstrate that the 3-D inverse scattering method can successfully provide high-resolution reconstruction of high-contrast buried objects.
Judging Under Pressure: A Behavioral Examination of The Relationship Between Legal Decisionmaking and Time

The long-running debate about whether judges have adequate resources has begun to boil. State and federal legislatures are slashing court budgets, with many courts receiving up to 20 percent reductions. In recent years, judges have been resigning or retiring in droves. The remaining judicial vacancies are often left unfilled. Those judges that remain will be forced to spend considerably less time on each case. In response to this impending crisis, scholars have just begun systematically and empirically to consider how resource limitation affects judging. These studies are of vital importance, not only because they are so topical, but also because they have found evidence of a potential link between the amount of resources that appellate judges have and the likelihood that they will be deferential to the lower courts or to their colleagues. For example, a reduction in available resources correlates with lower reversal rates. Because this academic movement is in its infancy, however, its techniques and findings leave plenty of room for growth. No one has yet analyzed how the availability of resources affects the accuracy of judicial decisions. The answer is a pivotal concern for those in control of court budgets and personnel. If judges are able to do their jobs as well or better with less (and they are willing to accept less), then cutting budgets could very well be a wise savings measure. If judges make more errors or become so dissatisfied that they no longer want to continue, then stripping courts of resources could be very dangerous, if not destructive.Here, I use behavioral experimentation to show how the amount of resources available to judges interacts with the power of law to constrain them. Using a judicial simulation with law students from several law schools, I uncover evidence suggesting that reducing resources can increase the likelihood that judges will follow the straightforward dictates of the law. Before budget cutters rejoice, however, it appears that this enhancement to legal constraint comes with a cost - namely, a significant reduction in the judges’ sense that they have reached righteous results. The evidence supports the idea that boosting constraint in this way might increase judge dissatisfaction, perhaps exacerbating the problem of bench vacancies.
Keynote paper: Unlocking the learning value of wireless mobile devices

Many researchers see the potential of wireless mobile learning devices to achieve large-scale impact on learning because of portability, low cost, and communications features. This enthusiasm is shared but the lessons drawn from three well-documented uses of connected handheld devices in education lead towards challenges ahead. First, 'wireless, mobile learning' is an imprecise description of what it takes to connect learners and their devices together in a productive manner. Research needs to arrive at a more precise understanding of the attributes of wireless networking that meet acclaimed pedagogical requirements and desires. Second, 'pedagogical applications' are often led down the wrong road by complex views of technology and simplistic views of social practices. Further research is needed that tells the story of rich pedagogical practice arising out of simple wireless and mobile technologies. Third, 'large scale' impact depends on the extent to which a common platform, that meets the requirements of pedagogically rich applications, becomes available. At the moment 'wireless mobile technologies for education' are incredibly diverse and incompatible; to achieve scale, a strong vision will be needed to lead to standardisation, overcoming the tendency to marketplace fragmentation.
Use of radioyttrium to study food movement in the small intestine of the rat.

A new method, using Y/sup 91/ to label solid and liquid food, made it possible to calculate the rate of passage of food through the small intestine of rats. In food samples at pH 3, about 85% of the Y/sup 91/ stayed combined with the ground food and, as the pH increased, about 96% of the Y/sup 91/ was combined with the food at pH 8. Kidneys of rats given Y/sup 91/ orally showed no counts significantly above background. Total recovery of Y/sup 91/ in the digestive tracts of the rats averaged 97.9 plus or minus 0.8%. Thus Y/sup 91/ does not undergo absorption and by staying with the food is a valid indicator of food location. Rats were killed at predetermined time intervals after feeding, and the percentage of the Y/sup 91/ dose present in portions of the digestive tract was plotted against time for each alimentary segment; each curve was then resolved into input and outgo components. The highest rates of passage occurred in the proximal small gut; the rates then diminished continuously until, in the distal small intestine, they had decreased by a factor of almost 20. This nonabsorbable radio-indicator technique permitted in vivo experiments with undisturbedmore » alimentary tracts, preserving the naturai physiological conditions. Both liquid and solid food may be used, thus paralleling a normal diet. The method seems reliabie because the data agreed with calculated values, and it is simpier and more accurate than the technique in which the whole gut is moved under a collimated GM tube. (H.H.D.)« less