cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Diffraction and Magnetic Measurements of the Fe-Cr Spinels

X-ray diffraction intensity measurements and magnetic moment measurements were made on the spinel system $\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}2$, for the purpose of finding structural details in this system which were unknown. The x-ray measurements covered the entire composition range, and the magnetic measurements covered the range from $x=0$ to $x=1.2$. From the x-ray measurements the oxygen parameter of each sample was deduced. These parameters indicated inverse spinels for low values of $x$, partially inverse spinels for intermediate values of $x$, and normal spinels for $x=1.3$ to $x=2$.The magnetic measurements indicated inverse spinels for $x=0$ to $x=0.3$. It was inferred from the magnetic measurements that the spins of cations on the $B$ sites are not all parallel, at least for large $x$ and probably for $xg0.5$. Hence, the arrangement of cations on the $A$ and $B$ sites for a spinel in this composition range could not be deduced from its saturation magnetic moment. Estimates of the relative strengths of the magnetic interactions in various composition ranges and a prediction of the variation in saturation magnetic moment with composition in the range $x=1.3$ to $x=2$ were made.
Spectral weight transfer in strongly correlated Fe 1.03 Te

The temperature dependence of the in-plane optical conductivity has been determined for ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1.03}\mathrm{Te}$ above and below the magnetic and structural transition at ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\simeq}68$ K. The electron and hole pockets are treated as two separate electronic subsystems: a strong, broad Drude response that is largely temperature independent, and a much weaker, narrow Drude response with a strong temperature dependence. Spectral weight is transferred from high to low frequency below ${T}_{N}$, resulting in the dramatic increase of both the low-frequency conductivity and the related plasma frequency. The change in the plasma frequency is due to an increase in the carrier concentration resulting from the closing of the pseudogap on the electron pocket, as well as the likely decrease of the effective mass in the antiferromagnetic state.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in long term care: results of a multicenter educational intervention using clinical practice guidelines: part 2 of 2 (an AMDA Foundation project).

Introduction: Implementation of prophylaxis for venous thomboembolism (VTE) through risk assessment based on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is variably adopted in long term care facilities (LTCF). Current guidelines recommend venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTE-P) following risk assessment, individualized to patient status. In LTCF, differing comorbidity, life-expectancy, ethical, and quality-of-life issues may warrant a unique approach. This article examines VTE-P practices in LTCF before and after educational intervention to bring practice patterns consistent with CPGs. Methods: Phase 1 (preceding article in this issue) identified current practice to assess risk and implement VTE-P (17 geographically diverse LTCFs, 3260 total beds). Phase 2 (educational intervention using CPGs) and Phase 3 (outcomes) reexamined VTE-P at the same 17 centers. Results: The frequency of indications for VTE-P and contraindications to anticoagulation were similar during Phases 1 and 3 (all P >.05). In Phase 3, use of aspirin alone decreased more than 50% (P .05) but identified significant relationships between indication and contraindications and VTE-P in Phase 3 (P ¼ .022 to P < .0005), suggesting adequate understanding of current CPGs following education as the basis for improved VTE-P. Conclusions: The study confirms the presence of significant comorbidity in LTC residents, many with indications for VTE-P, some with contraindications for anticoagulation. Following educational intervention, more residents received VTE-P, influenced by risk-benefit ratio favoring treatment. These findings suggest that even a modest educational intervention significantly improves provider knowledge pertinent to risk assessment consistent with CPG and more appropriate VTE-P.
Discrete simulation of cenospheric coal-char combustion

A phenomenological model of structural transformations during pulverized coal char combustion is presented. The random geometry of the voids is modeled realistically by means of a random assemblage of spheres in a spherical particle. Pore connectedness and growth are accounted for as the combustion proceeds. The percolation behavior of the void space is dramatically demonstrated. The effects of different initial void fractions and of the random nature of the structure itself, at a given initial void fraction, are shown. This sheds some light on our ability to realistically model the solid. The limitation of shrinking core models of combustion of cenospheric chars are demonstrated. In this initial application, the model is limited to isothermal combustion with no diffusional limitations.
Novel treatment approaches for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma

Treatment options for patients with relapsed myeloma are a rapidly moving entity. Although autologous transplantation has improved outcomes for younger patients, the use of a second autologous transplant in the relapsed setting has less benefit. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplant is being studied in several large cooperative group trials, but to date early auto/mini-allo does not appear to be superior to tandem autologous transplantation. The greatest benefit in the relapsed setting has been demonstrated using novel targeted agents with biologically based therapies. The response rates from thalidomide with and without dexamethasone, bortezomib, and lenalidomide with and without dexamethasone clearly demonstrate high levels of activity with encouraging durations of remission. More recent studies are combining novel agents, and small phase I/II trials are demonstrating higher overall response and complete remission rates. The next generation of novel agents targeting heat shock proteins, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and monoclonal antibodies are further expanding the list of future potential agents. The rapid clinical development of targeting agents will give us more options to treat patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma, thereby improving quality of life and overall survival.
Cryoprobe as a “handle” for resection metastatic liver tumors

Resection of metastatic liver tumors can be a difficult and risky procedure. Using a cryoprobe as a "handle" can greatly facilitate resection by providing a taut surface for transection and improving visualization of ductal and vascular structures. In addition, this technique may decrease the risk of contaminating surrounding tissues with cancer cells, and may inhibit tumor recurrence within the margins of resection.
Possible explanation of a broad 1 -- resonant structure around 1.5 GeV

The broad ${1}^{--}$ resonant structure around 1.5 GeV observed in the ${K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mass spectrum in $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ by BESII is interpreted as a composition of $\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}(1700)$. A much larger $BR(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}(1450,1700){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0},\ensuremath{\rho}(1450,1700)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ is predicted. Various other tests are proposed.
Interaction of 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazonato copper (II) with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Abstract The reaction of 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazonato copper (II) with Ehrlich cells was studied. The complex was readily taken up and bound by cells. Little efflux of copper was observed. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies were consistent with the complex having bound to thiol groups furnished by glutathione. The chelate was quite stable in cells, having a first-order rate constant for reaction of 4.5 × 10−5 sec−1. However, this was apparently a reflection of a steady-state redox process in which thiols were being oxidized and oxygen reduced. A model reaction between the complex and reduced glutathione showed that the complex reached a steady state as oxygen was consumed in the process. Cellular DNA synthesis was inhibited at low concentration by this copper chelate, whereas RNA synthesis was much less sensitive. Although isolated mitochondria were inhibited by the complex, any cellular reaction was obscured by the rapid oxygen reduction that occurred in the thiol oxidation process.
Patch-based high dynamic range video

Despite significant progress in high dynamic range (HDR) imaging over the years, it is still difficult to capture high-quality HDR video with a conventional, off-the-shelf camera. The most practical way to do this is to capture alternating exposures for every LDR frame and then use an alignment method based on optical flow to register the exposures together. However, this results in objectionable artifacts whenever there is complex motion and optical flow fails. To address this problem, we propose a new approach for HDR reconstruction from alternating exposure video sequences that combines the advantages of optical flow and recently introduced patch-based synthesis for HDR images. We use patch-based synthesis to enforce similarity between adjacent frames, increasing temporal continuity. To synthesize visually plausible solutions, we enforce constraints from motion estimation coupled with a search window map that guides the patch-based synthesis. This results in a novel reconstruction algorithm that can produce high-quality HDR videos with a standard camera. Furthermore, our method is able to synthesize plausible texture and motion in fast-moving regions, where either patch-based synthesis or optical flow alone would exhibit artifacts. We present results of our reconstructed HDR video sequences that are superior to those produced by current approaches.
Pathogenesis of hypertension.

Increased recognition of specific causes of hypertension may lead to therapies that address specific pathophysiologic mechanisms and cause fewer adverse effects. Research to identify such therapies...
Isotretinoin for acne in Apert syndrome.

: Apert syndrome is a congenital disorder consisting primarily of deformities of the skull, hands, and feet. These individuals are also prone to severe acne, particularly involving the upper arms and forearms. Conventional therapy is often ineffective. We report the successful use of isotretinoin for acne in a patient with Apert syndrome.
Comments on proper (and improper) solutions of bioenergetic equations for modeling fish growth

Abstract This paper demonstrates that conventional bioenergetic models, that are commonly used to simulate fish growth or consumption, violate basic requirements of energy conservation when improperly applied for cases where the energy density of the fish is either a function of fish wet weight or an independent function of time. It appears that many previously published modeling results suffer from this deficiency unless the authors have made perspicuous provisions to avoid implicit imbalances that occur in the equations under these conditions. The incorrect solutions tend to overestimate fish growth and net energy consumption. The magnitude of these errors is a function of how rapidly the fish energy density changes as the fish increases in size. The errors can be as much as 30% for small fish in the range of 1 to 5 g per individual where the energy density changes rapidly. Although this mathematical error does not occur if fish energy density is modeled as a constant, this assumption is probably inadequate for most applications and results in a substantial “biological error.” It is recommended that published results for these various cases be critically reviewed and corrected where warranted. The errors can be readily eliminated when the bioenergetic model equations are handled properly as demonstrated in this paper.
Deleterious effects of bretylium on hemodynamic recovery from ventricular fibrillation

Abstract To study the effects of bretylium on the restoration of circulatory function after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation, closed-chest anesthetized dogs were electrically fibrillated for 1 minute followed by defibrillation (direct-current shock). After one control episode of fibrillation and defibrillation, 16 dogs received a bolus of bretylium (10 mg/kg intravenously). A second episode of fibrillation and defibrillation was induced in eight dogs 3 minutes after bretylium and in eight dogs 4 hours after bretylium. Prior to bretylium, mean arterial blood pressure spontaneously recovered to exceed 200 mm Hg by 2 minutes after defibrillation in all 16 dogs. However, after bretylium, 13 of 16 dogs were in electromechanical dissociation 2 minutes after defibrillation ( p
-ity: A study in word formation restrictions

Subjects judged the acceptability of pseudo words formed a stem, an optional affix, and-ity. The results show that those words in which-ity was adjacent to a latinate morpheme were more acceptable than those in which it was not. Other factors which influenced the acceptability ratings were familiarity and homogeneity of morpheme types. In their evaluations of the possible words, subjects were sensitive to historical class distinctions of stems and affixes.
Analysis of a genetic defect in the TATA box of the SOD1 gene in a patient with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We report a patient with autosomal-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a sequence variation in the SOD1 promoter region, located in the conserved TATA box motif (TATAAA→TGTAAA). Functional promoter studies of this variant in an in vitro system showed moderate reduction in transcriptional activity of SOD1. This variant was present in only two of 301 individuals with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, was not detected in 396 matched controls, and was recently reported in dbSNP (rs7277748). Our data suggest that this TATA box defect is not a disease-causing mutation or susceptibility factor for ALS but rather a rare polymorphism with a potential effect on SOD1 gene expression. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Bronchial adenoma occurring in childhood; a report of three cases.

Summary Three cases of bronchial adenoma occurring in children are reported. Two were treated by resection. In the other, surgery having been refused, the patient is still alive with symptoms three years after the diagnosis was made.
Transverse fracture-dislocation of the trapezium

An unusual case of transverse trapezium fracture with complete displacement of the distal fragment is reported. Diagnosis was delayed and physical findings were minimal. The intact deep palmar (oblique) ligament prevented trapeziometacarpal dislocation (instability). Open reduction and internal fixation resulted in union with excellent thumb function.
Sodium chloride concentration in drinking water and eggshell quality

Two experiments with White Leghorn hens (36 and 49 wk old, respectively) were conducted to examine the effects of varying NaCl concentrations provided through drinking water upon eggshell quality. Experiments were of 6 and 5 wk duration, respectively. Seven replicate pens of five individually caged hens received each water treatment. Treatments were the same in both studies and consisted of low-Na (9 ppm) tap water supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 ppm NaCl. Solutions were prepared weekly. All eggs produced were examined visually for shell defects, and egg weight and specific gravity were determined. In the second experiment, eggs from 2 consecutive d were also broken out each week for Haugh Unit determinations. In both studies, hen-day egg production, daily feed and water intake, egg weight, and body weight change over the experimental period were not influenced by any level of waterborne NaCl. Haugh Units were also not affected in Experiment 2. In contrast to other literature reports, visually determined shell defects and egg specific gravity were not adversely affected by NaCl supplementation of layer drinking water.
Th/Nd cosmochronology and a constant r/s ratio

Une serie de calculs numeriques est effectuee afin d'etudier la possibilite d'un effet de la metallicite sur l'exposition de neutrons pouvant expliquer la constance observee du rapport r/s (processus r/processus s) dans les etoiles avec [Fe/H]>−2.0. On trouve qu'un mecanisme base uniquement sur la dependance en metallicite de l'exposition de neutrons ne produit pas la production requise du processus s. On propose qu'un effet addditionnel, a savoir la production accrue de 14 N, devrait etre inclue dans le calcul du processus s. En utilisant un modele cosmochronologique qui renferme une production du processus s. primaire, precedee de pics de production en processus r et s, une limite superieure de 12 Gan est etablie pour l'âge de la Galaxie
AFG1, a new member of the SEC18-NSF, PAS1, CDC48-VCP, TBP family of ATPases.

We have sequenced a gene that encodes a 377 amino acid putative protein with an ATPase motif typical of the protein family including SEC18p (NSF = N-ethyl maleimide-sensitive fusion protein; vesicle-mediated endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi protein transfer), PAS1p (peroxisome assembly), CDC48p (VCP = valosin-containing protein; cell cycle) and TBP1 (Tat-binding protein). This gene, AFG1 for ATPase family, gene, also has substantial homology to these proteins outside the ATPase domain. AFG1 is located on chromosome V imediately centromere-proximal to M AK10.
Standard Solutes for Classification of Solvent Systems in Countercurrent Chromatography

Abstract A series of p-dinitrophenylamino alcohols have been synthesized for use as standard solutes for evaluating the polarity of solvent systems used in countercurrent chromatography. The rank order polarity of the DNP-amino alcohols as well as p-nitrophenyl glucosides were determined by measuring their partition coefficients in 1-pentanol/heptane/water systems containing from 2% pentanol in heptane to 100% pentanol. The standard solutes were used to establish the rank order polarity of eleven chloroform/methanol/water systems which are widely used in countercurrent chromatography.
Adsorption of methane and hydrogen on packed beds of activated carbon

The adsorption of methane from mixtures of methane and hydrogen on fixed beds of activated carbon at −115°F. and 1 atm. has been studied. Inlet gas concentrations of 5.69, 7.58, and 10.65 mole % methane in hydrogen were employed over a gas flow rate range of from 3.24 to 16.3 std. cu. ft./hr. Activated carbon in sizes of 4 × 6 and 6 × 16 mesh and as 1/8- and 3/16-in. pellets were employed as adsorbent. The external diffusion of adsorbate to the surface can be correlated by the usual mass transfer expressions for packed beds, although coefficients obtained in this work are lower than those reported for other systems in the literature. A new equation is presented for internal particle diffusion.
Relationships between the WISC-III and the Cognitive Assessment System with Conners' rating scales and continuous performance tests

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between intelligence, ratings of behavior, and continuous performance test scores for a sample of 117 children aged 6–16 years who were referred to a specialty clinic. The sample was comprised of children who had a primary (45%) or secondary (36%) diagnosis of ADHD. All children were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Third Edition (WISC-III), Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Conners’ Parent and Teacher Rating Scales—Revised, Long Form. Correlations between Conners’ Behavior Rating Scale and Conners’ Continuous Performance Test were uniformly low and non-significant (the highest correlation was .17). Correlations between the WISC-III and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale were all non-significant, but Teacher Ratings showed significant correlations between most of the WISC-III factors and the Cognitive Problems/Inattention scores. Few significant correlations were found between CPT with the WISC-III and CAS. These results suggest that practitioners should expect to find a lack of consistency between the scores provided by these measures and should be conservative of their use in clinical settings.
Alkaloid formation by Catharanthus roseus cells in a packed column biofilm reactor

Catharanthusroseus cells producing indole alkaloids were grown on surfaces of Ca-alginate beads within the interspacial volume of a packed column. Production media was circulated through the packed column in an upflow mode. Growth and indole alkaloid formation were quantified and compared with suspension culture of cells. Final alkaloid concentration and alkaloid yield obtained in the packed bed was superior to those obtained in suspension culture. This is thought to be due to improved cell-cell contact and interaction in the packed column.
Controlling Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of HfO2 Dielectric by Self-assembled Monolayers

A series of self-assembled molecules have been investigated as deactivating agents for the HfO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD). Three important factors of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deactivating efficiency towards ALD--chain length, reactivity and steric effect--have been investigated and discussed as well as the initial blocking mechanism of this process. This investigation shows that in order to achieve satisfactory deactivation, it is crucial to choose high reactivity, low steric effect molecules with certain chain length to form condensed, high hydrophobic organic monolayers.
Endomorphism rings of non-abelian groups

In 1942 F.W. Levi described those groups in which any two inner automorphic images of an arbitrary element commute. Until recently it was not known whether there existed non-abelian groups with the property that any two endomorphic images of an arbitrary element commute. Now, R. Faudree has given examples of finite p–groups having this property. In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition that a torsion group which contains no elements of order 2 has this property. The technique of proof involves looking at certain near rings of functions on the group. The inspiration for the theorem comes from the “halving” technique used by B.H. Neumann in 1940.
Continental Reactivation and Reworking

Continental crust may be repeatedly deformed, metamorphosed, intruded, and eroded over time by plate boundary and intra-plate processes, and mantle lithosphere may have an equally dynamic evolution during orogenesis. The sum of these events is displayed in rocks and structures that we see at the surface and infer for the parts of the lithosphere we can't directly observe. The “reworking” of continental lithosphere involves many processes that operate at different spatial and temporal scale. Thus, a collection of papers on the subject of continental reactivation and reworking is necessarily multidisciplinary with contributions from structural geology, geochronology petrology, sedimentary geology geophysics, and various types of geodynamical modeling.
Efficacy vs effectiveness and explanatory vs pragmatic: where is the balance point in pain medicine research?

In this issue of Pain Medicine , there is a study by Cohen and colleagues that investigates the effect of procedural sedation on diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for sacroiliac joint and sympathetic nerve block procedures [1]. They found that procedural sedation is associated with an increased rate of false positive blocks and had no significant effects on patient satisfaction or clinical outcomes at 1 month. Although this is a crucial issue relevant to the day-to-day practice of pain medicine, this elegantly designed study also broaches in a sophisticated manner the divide between explanatory and pragmatic trials. Their study design results in findings that are of high scientific quality and yet broadly applicable to routine interventional pain medicine care. Randomized trials can be broadly characterized as an effectiveness or efficacy trial, and the corresponding terms “pragmatic” vs “explanatory” are often used [2]. Pragmatic trials …
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN/MMAC1 in advanced human prostate cancer through loss of expression

The recently identified PTEN/MMAC1 gene is a candidate tumor suppressor implicated in multiple tumor types based on mutations or homozygous deletions of the gene in certain human cancers. No studies of PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA or protein expression in cancer cells have been reported, primarily because of significant numbers of normal cells contaminating most tumor samples and because of the lack of antibody reagents. We examined PTEN/MMAC1 in advanced prostate cancer for gene mutations or abnormalities in expression by using a series of recently derived xenografts free of normal human cells and a PTEN/MMAC1-specific antibody. Only 1 of 10 tumors contained a homozygous deletion of PTEN/MMAC1, and no mutations were detected in the entire coding region of the remaining nine xenografts. However, five of these showed reduced or absent PTEN/MMAC1 expression by Northern analysis and reverse transcription–PCR of mRNA. PTEN/MMAC1 mRNA expression was restored in nonexpressing prostate cancer cells by in vitro treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azadeoxycytidine. Alterations in PTEN/MMAC1 expression were confirmed at the protein level by immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemical studies show that the endogenous wild-type PTEN/MMAC1 protein is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that loss of PTEN/MMAC1 expression occurs frequently in advanced prostate cancer.
Surface hydroxylation of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers for biomaterials.

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1974.
Long-range magnetic ordering in bulk Tb1?xMxMnO3 (M?=?Ca, Sr)

Substitution of Ca2+ and Sr2+ at the A-site of multiferroic TbMnO3 bulk results in an increased average ionic radius and ionic-size mismatch, and was found to reduce the orthorhombic distortion. Signatures of long-range ferromagnetic-like ordering at 78?K in Tb0.67Ca0.33MnO3 and at 87?K in Tb0.67Sr0.33MnO3 samples are clearly observed in both the dc and ac susceptibility data. A compensation temperature is also observed in Tb0.67Ca0.33MnO3, indicating the antiparallel alignment of Tb3+ moments to the Mn3+?Mn4+ moments. The canted antiferromagnetic ordering coexists with antiferromagnetic clusters, resulting in spin-glass-like behavior at low temperatures. An increased average ionic radius and ionic-size mismatch at the A-site are determined to be critical factors in determining the magnetic properties of the hole-doped manganites.
Use of the Binomial Theorem in Interpreting Results of Multiple Tests of Significance

Often in the social and behavioral sciences, several individual tests of significance are used to determine whether some common or overall hypothesis should be rejected. Thus, it becomes necessary to interpret r significant results out of n tests. Many authors contend that one or more significant results should be interpreted as an overall significant result for the set of tests. The authors of this work suggest that a more appropriate approach would be to use the binomial theorem to compute the probability that r or more Type I errors would occur when all n of the null hypotheses are true, and use this result as the level of overall significance a*. It is shown that in the independent test situation, it is possible to set an action limit r for rejection of the overall hypothesis based on some required overall level of significance a*. In addition, an upper limit is obtained for a* when r significant test results are used to reject a set of n hypotheses when the tests are dependent to an unknown extent.
INTRALESIONAL RADIOLABELED HUMAN MONOCLONAL IGM IN HUMAN TUMOR XENOGRAFTS

Abstract Background and purpose : Intralesional (i.l.) administration of radiolabeled human monoclonal IgM could provide a new method for increasing the radiation dose delivered to a tumor without exceeding normal tissue tolerance. Materials and methods : Nude mice with subcutaneous human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma nodules were injected either intralesionally or intravenously with a tumor-reactive human monoclonal IgM (CR4E8) labeled with indium-111 ( 111 In) or yttrium-90 ( 90 Y). Groups of mice were sacrificed at different time points and their tumors and major organs were excised and counted for radioactivity. Additional mice that were treated with i.l. 90 Y-labeled CR4E8 were sacrificed at the same time points for tumor autoradiography. Serial whole-body gamma camera images were obtained from additional mice treated with i.l. 111 In-labeled CR4E8. Intralesionally administered 111 In-labeled irrelevant IgM (CH-1B9) and 90 Y-aggregate served as specificity controls. Results : Intralesional administration of radiolabeled IgM resulted in prolonged high tumor radioactivity with little normal tissue uptake, with kidney and liver having the highest values. The biodistribution of i.l. CR4E8 was similar whether labeled with 111 In or 90 Y. Tumor uptake of i.l. irrelevant IgM appeared to be lower and tumor retention appeared to be shorter. Intravenous administration of tumor-reactive IgM resulted in very low tumor radioactivity with high liver and moderate spleen uptake. The i.l. administration of 90 Y-aggregate produced prolonged high tumor radioactivity with little normal tissue uptake, with bone having the highest value. Tumor autoradiographs demonstrated that the radiolabeled IgM diffused through the tumor over time while the 90 Y-aggregate remained localized at the injection site. Gamma camera scintigraphy corroborated the results of the biodistribution studies. Conclusions : Intralesional but not intravenous administration of 111 In- or 90 Y-labeled human IgM results in high tumor radioactivity with low normal tissue exposure. Myelotoxicity is not anticipated to be the dose-limiting normal tissue toxicity of this treatment. Further development of human IgM for the i.l. treatment of human malignancies appears to be warranted.
Foxp3 inhibits HDAC1 activity to modulate gene expression in human T cells

We have previously reported that HIV-1 preferentially infects Foxp3+ Treg cells in vitro and in vivo, and Foxp3 enhances the HIV-1 LTR expression through epigenetic mechanisms in T cells. We report here that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) failed to further enhance HIV gene expression in FoxP3+ T cells. We discovered that Foxp3 inhibited cellular HDAC activity in T cells, and mutations in the forkhead domain that ablate Foxp3 function also abolished its ability to inhibit HDAC. When co-expressed, Foxp3 specifically inhibited the deacetylase activity of HDAC1. We further showed that Foxp3 was associated with HDAC1, and mutations in the forkhead domain that ablate Foxp3 function in Treg cells also inhibited Foxp3 association with and inhibition of HDAC1. Finally, Foxp3 failed to enhance HIV-1 gene expression in human T cells expressing HDAC1-specific shRNA. We conclude that Foxp3 modulates gene expression in human T cells at least partly by inhibiting HDAC1 activity.
Performance Predictions of a Moisture Management Device for Fuel Cell Applications

Moisture management in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells is crucial to durability and performance. This frequently requires external humidification of the reactant gas streams to maintain sufficient humidity levels at the membranes, especially at higher operating temperatures. Direct-contact humidifiers using louvered fins brazed to rectangular tubes, similar to those frequently employed in automotive condensers and radiators, can be used to humidify a gas stream. A gas stream in which liquid water is sprayed flows through the passages formed by the louvered fins counter-current to a heating fluid flowing in the rectangular tubes sandwiching the fins. A mathematical model of this type of direct-contact humidifier is presented. The equations of energy and mass conservation are simultaneously solved for a number of segments along the humidifier. An equivalent resistance network is used to capture the temperature profile of the fins and liquid film surrounding them. The thickness of the liquid film is calculated from a shear balance at the film interface. The heat and mass transfer analogy is used with empirically derived transfer coefficients to solve the coupled heat and mass transfer problem in the gas phase. Predicted results are presented for typical operating conditions corresponding to a wide range of fuel cell operating conditions. The results show how the humidification process varies along the length of the humidifier. It is also shown that, although evaporation of the liquid film takes place throughout the entire humidifier, the direction of sensible heat transfer between the gas and liquid film can switch at some distance along the humidifier. This confirms the need for the equivalent resistance network model of the fin and film since simple fin efficiency models would fail in this situation. The model provides a basis for design optimization and performance predictions for this type of direct-contact moisture management device.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Sphingomyelinase Activity in Human Platelets

Abstract The sphingolipid metabolites, ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, may be involved in several signalling pathways and may regulate cell functions such as cell growth, secretion, differentiation, and apoptosis. During activation of human platelets by thrombin, sphingosine-1-phosphate is released from platelets and can potentiate their aggregation. Thrombin also causes an increase in platelet sphingosine levels. Since these molecules can be derived from sphingomyelin, we have determined whether platelets possess sphingomyelinase and whether this enzyme is regulated during platelet function. Using radioactive sphingomyelin as substrate, we assayed sphingomyelinase activity over the range of pH 4 to 10 and observed optimal activity at pH 5.0–5.5. Little activity was found at neutral or alkaline pH, and the presence of Mg++, Ca++, Zn++, or EDTA in the reaction mixture had little effect on the pH profile. Activation of platelets by thrombin or ADP had no effect on sphingomyelinase activity, but thrombin caused secretion of the acid-sphingomyelinase activity into the media. Thus, human platelets contain an acid-sphingomyelinase which is secreted during thrombin-induced platelet activation.
Lost in the Market, Saved at McDonald's: Conversion to Christianity in Urban China

Protestant Christianity has been growing very fast in China under communist rule. This article shows that the converts are not all marginalized individuals deprived of material and social resources. An increasing proportion of the converts are well-educated young people in urban China. To explain this conversion to a nontraditional religion, the micro-level factors of individual crisis, individual choices, and personal bonds are inadequate. The meso-level institutional factors of organizational strengths and competitiveness are important, but religious organizations are severely constrained by restrictive regulations in China. I argue that the macro-level contextual factors are very important to understand the phenomenon of large-scale conversion to Christianity in China today. The crucial contextual factors are the increasingly globalized market economy under political repression. Christianity provides peace and certainty in facing wild market forces. The Christian faith is liberating amid a stifling political atmosphere. McDonald's is a prominent symbol of the globalized market, which, like Christianity, is perceived as modern and cosmopolitan within the Chinese context.
Oral interpretation in the ages before Sheridan and Walker

(1971). Oral interpretation in the ages before Sheridan and Walker. Western Speech: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 147-154.
Mortality, growth and fecundity of transplanted mussel and barnacle populations near a pulp mill outfall

Abstract The mortality, growth and fecundity of transplanted adult mussel (Mytilus edulis) and barnacle (Balanus glandula) populations near a kraft pulp mill outfall at Port Mellon, British Columbia, were determined. The results indicated that adults of both species were tolerant of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent and survived near the pulp mill outfall. However, the growth rates of both species were retarded when compared with those at the control station. The reproductive activities of the transplanted barnacles were also impaired.
Evaluation of trypanosomiasis control alternatives using an epidemiologic simulation model

Abstract The effect of various disease-vector control alternatives on the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in southwest Ethiopia was examined with the aid of an epidemiologic model. The alternatives considered included vegetation clearing by manual labor, game elimination, insecticidal spraying from airplanes coupled with settlement, use of sterile male Glossina , avoidance of tsetse infested areas, increasing the resistance of the cattle population, therapy, and combinations of the above methods. First, the currently estimated endemic prevalence of trypanosomiasis (27.3%) in the simulated area of Ethiopia was established and maintained over a 10 year period. Then, various control alternatives were introduced and the simulation was run for an additional 10 years to observe the effect of these control alternatives on the prevalence. The combined use of vegetation clearing, insecticides, therapy, and settlement (or resettlement) was the most effective and feasible method of trypanosomiasis control for the simulated situation.
You AhR what you eat

AhR is more than just a receptor for pollutants. Studies have now identified crucial roles for this environment-sensing transcription factor in the development and maintenance of gut-associated lymphoid tissues.
3D scene modelling by sinusoid encoded illumination

Abstract A depth estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm, the sinusoidally-encoded image is used to estimate the depth by decoding the signal's propagating phase. It is based on the assumption that a planar surface should have a constant first derivative on the propagating phase. Since the major operation is differentiating, this method is highly sensitive to the noise disturbance of measurements. Random noise can be induced by the imaging channel, by unstable lighting, or by the roughness of the working environment. To subdue the influence of induced the noise a reinforced k-gradient operation is alternatively used. The algorithm is then applied to the synthetic images containing various amounts of noise to test its performance. Experimental results indicate that the estimated depth error is kept within 2% when k is greater than or equal to 6 — even when a Gaussian noise with standard deviation up to 1.5 is applied.
Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis

As occurs in people, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated strongly with obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in experimental animals. There are many animal models that have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of this work has used mice or rats that are fed diets high in fat or carbohydrates, or mice that exhibit a genetic deficiency of a satiety factor such as leptin, 5-adenosylmethionine,or enzyme deficiencies in fatty acid oxidation. The purpose of this article is to update information regarding animal models in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Toward the Ultimate ASR Language Model

The n-gram model is standard for large vocabulary speech recognizers. Many attempts were made to improve on it. Language models were proposed based on grammatical analysis, artificial neural networks, random forests, etc. While the latter give somewhat better recognition results than the n-gram model, they are not practical, particularly when large training data bases (e.g., from world wide web) are available. So should language model research be abandoned as a hopeless endeavor? This talk will discuss a plan to determine how large a decrease in recognition error rate is conceivable, and propose a game-based method to determine what parameters the ultimate language model should depend on.
Metal and Metal-oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Laser Ablation of Aqueous Aerosols

We present a scalable, continuous manufacturing method of nanoparticle production based on laser ablation of an aerosol generated from an aqueous precursor solution. A Collison nebulizer is used to generate a mist of ~10 μm diameter water droplets containing dissolved transition metal salts, suspended in 1 atmosphere of buffer gas. Water from the droplets quickly evaporates, leaving solid particles ~2 μm in diameter for a typical solution concentration. These microparticles are then ablated by a pulsed KrF excimer laser (10 ns, λ = 248 nm, 2 J/cm 2 at focus). Ablation results in plasma breakdown of the microparticle and photothermal decomposition of the precursor material. Following ablation, nanoparticles 5-20 nm in diameter are formed and collected. For AgNO 3 ablated in He gas, metal Ag nanoparticles were produced. For Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ablated in He, crystalline Cu 2 O nanoparticles were produced. For Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ablated in He, crystalline NiO nanoparticles were produced. A combination of AgNO 3 and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ablated in a reducing atmosphere of 10% H 2 and 90% He yielded Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles. In contrast to conventional wet-chemical synthesis processes, our nanoparticles are formed ‘bare,’ without surfactants or organic material contaminating the surface. Owing to their small size and high free surface area, nanoparticles produced by this process are ideally suited for applications that include catalysis and facilitated transport membranes.
The effective autocorrelation function of maximum entropy spectra

The technique and the relative advantages of maximum entropy spectrum analysis have been discussed by Burg [1], [2]. Evaluation of the inverse Fourier transform of the maximum entropy spectrum shows that this method does, indeed, correspond to a reasonable nonzero extension of the autocorrelation function.
Stability domains in barrier island dune systems

Abstract Early ecological descriptions of barrier island dune landscapes recognized the importance of biogeomorphic feedbacks and thresholds. However, these dynamics have not been formally linked to complexity theory. In this article, I develop models of dune landscape phase states, or stability domains, based on a synthesis of these prior studies and statistical analyses. Data for these analyses were obtained from compositional and topographic sampling along Sapelo Island, Georgia and South Core Banks, North Carolina. These undeveloped barrier islands are at opposite ends of a regional meteorological gradient in storm-forced overwash disturbance along the southeastern US Atlantic coast. The topography and plant functional group abundances on each island were supportive of earlier studies noting the propensity for distinct self-organizing biogeomorphic feedbacks to emerge along barrier coasts. On South Core Banks, where storm forcings of overwash are more frequent, the recovery processes initiated by burial-tolerant species may reduce topographic resistance to overwash exposure and contagion. On Sapelo Island, a greater abundance of dune-building and burial-intolerant swale species may confer a higher topographic roughness and more resistance to overwash exposure and contagion. Conceptually, the biogeomorphic modifications of overwash forcings on each island perpetuate the habitat conditions and dominant dune plant species in a weak positive feedback. To provide more empirical evidence for these models, I tested a suite of hypotheses built from the premise that the biogeomorphic interactions on each island engender unique landscape patterns. These patterns originate in each island's distinctive coupling of extrinsic overwash disturbance processes with intrinsic plant-mediated topographic modification. Via this premise, the properties proposed for each domain model were subsequently supported, through: (1) the structure of compositional variance along principal coordinate ordination axes; (2) differences in biotopographic thresholds measured in cross sections; and (3) the distinctive elevational boundaries and spatial scales over which elevation exerted its influence on species diversity. These two domain models can be used as conceptual templates for the development of dune computational simulations.
Structure‐Borne Vibration Transmission in a Tire and Wheel Assembly

Abstract Vibration transmission through tires due to forces generated by the road‐tire interaction during rolling over a rough road surface is an important source of noise in the vehicle interior over a wide frequency range. Vibration transmission along the tire tread and across the sidewalls to the rim was measured by striking the tread with an impact hammer in generating transfer functions for comparison with results from an SEA model of the wheel. The effects of tire and rim resonances are noted. Transfer functions to acoustic levels in the tire cavity were also measured.
Plasma somatomedins in children with hyperinsulinism

Hyperinsulinism has been postulated as a possible stimulus to somatomedin (SM) synthesis by the perfused rat liver and in man. Seven children who presented with severe fasting hypoglycemia and who had documented hyperinsulinism were studied to explore the effect of excessive endogenous insulin secretion on plasma levels of the SMs. Neither the concentration of somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor-I (SMC/IGF-I) (mean ±SD, 0.53 ±0.37 U/ml) nor that of IGF-II (1.10 ±0.58 µg/ml) was significantly different from values observed in normal children. SMC/IGF-I and IGF-II were inversely correlated. There was a positive correlation between SMC/IGF-I and body weight, and an inverse correlation among IGF-II, body weight, and length. These results suggest that in children with normal GH secretion, hyperinsulinism sufficient to cause severe recurrent hypoglycemia does not result in an increase in either SMC/ IGF-I or IGF-II concentrations in plasma.
Retinal neurotransmitters, morphology, and color coding

Through the application of combined neurochemical and anatomical techniques it has been possible to assign putative neurotransmitter substances to several neuron classes in the goldfish retina. Rod photoreceptors appear to use glutamic acid or a close analog as their transmitter substance. Red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones appear to use some acidic amino acid or close analog, but neither aspartic nor glutamic acid appears to be a reasonable candidate. At present, blue-sensitive cones have not been assigned a plausible neurotransmitter substance. Horizontal cells, known as type H1, use gamma-aminobutyric acid (hereafter abbreviated GABA). A type of pyriform amacrine cell whose dendritic processes branch in the deepest part of the inner plexiform layer also uses GABA. A large population of small-bodied amacrine cells with diffuse dendritic arbors branching in the middle of the inner plexiform layer utilize glycine. One type of indol-amine-accumulating amacrine cell is found to branch in the most superficial portion of the innerplexiform layer. Two classes of interplexiform cells have now been characterized: One employs dopamine and the other uses glycine. The majority of the retinal channels modulated by these conventional transmitter substances are dominated by red-sensitive cone systems.
Testing competing theoretical concepts: Adolescent alcohol consumption

A study was made of alcohol consumption among 1,093 adolescents who attended high schools in Baltimore, Maryland, Little Rock, Arkansas, or rural high schools in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Hierarchical regression procedures were used to test competing factors from social control and social learning theories. The significant predictors, in order of importance, were: (1) interaction between age and neutralizing definitions, (2) interaction between age and beliefs, (3) interaction between age and peer association, (4) religiosity, and (5) perception that the rewards of deviant acts outweighed the costs.