cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resident Accuracy of Electromyography Needle Electrode Placement Using Ultrasound Verification.

Background Electromyography (EMG) and musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound (US) are core learning objectives during physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) training. However, there have been no prior studies using MSK US to assess the acquisition of EMG procedural skills during residency training. This study aims to demonstrate the differences in skillful needle placement between junior and senior physiatry residents. The integration of both EMG and MSK US may have tremendous potential for additional learning opportunities related to electrodiagnostic education.
Hydrodynamics of Surface Tension Dominated Flows

This series of lectures is concerned with the fluid dynamics of surface tension driven flows. Surface tension forces arise at the interface between two fluids (e.g. water and air) and can be of central importance in applications where a separating (and in many cases moving) interface is part of the process. Examples include, but are not limited to, the dynamics of liquid films, jets, and drops.
TAFRO syndrome or Castleman-Kojima syndrome: a variant of multicentric Castleman disease.

![Figure][1] A 14-year-old white young man was transferred from an outside hospital with a 4-week history of fever, 30-lb weight gain, and diarrhea. He was noted to have anasarca, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), elevated creatinine, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A detailed clinical work-up
Bicontinuity and multiple length scale ordering in triphilic hydrogen-bonding ionic liquids.

Triphilic ionic liquids (containing polar, apolar, and fluorinated components) that can hydrogen bond present a new paradigm in ionic liquid structural morphology. In this study we show that butylammonium pentadecafluorooctanoate and its nonfluorinated analogue butylammonium octanoate form disordered bicontinuous phases where a network of charge alternating hydrogen bonds continuously percolate through the whole liquid. These systems show order on multiple length scales, the largest length scale given by the percolating network. Separation between filaments in the network gives rise to a prepeak or first sharp diffraction peak. In the case of the fluorinated system, shorter range order occurs due to apolar-fluorinated alternation that decorates the surface of each individual filament. The backbone of the filaments is the product of the shortest organized length scale, namely, charge alternating hydrogen bonds. Liquid structure obtained via molecular dynamics simulations is used to compute coherent X-ray s...
Thinking my way back to you: John Dewey on the communication and formation of concepts

AbstractContemporary educational theorists focus on the significance of Dewey’s conception of experience, learning-by-doing and collateral learning. In this essay, I reexamine the chapters of Dewey’s Democracy and Education, that pertain to thinking and highlight their relationship to Dewey’s How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking in the Educative Process—another book written explicitly for teachers. In How We Think Dewey explains that nothing is more important in education than the formation of concepts. Concepts introduce permanency into an otherwise impermanent world. He defines concepts as established meanings, or intellectual deposits used to found a better understanding of new experiences; they are what makes any experience educationally worthwhile. Dewey accuses traditional and progressive education of failing to appropriately form concepts in students. His position is that concepts are formed and transformed by experience, reflection and activity. He argues that the ind...
The Binomial Recurrence

We give a new, direct argument that the solution to the binomial recurrence is the binomial coefficient. Our argument does not assume that the solution is known in advance nor does it rely on anyth...
Rutherford B. Hayes

Despite his troubled election that brought jeers of “Your Fraudulency,” or “President RutherFRAUD B. Hayes,” undoubtedly Hayes was a man of integrity and ability. He worked vigorously to protect his office, battling Congress on appointments, and won. He sought to conciliate the South, and received assurance from its leaders that they would ensure black rights. In response, he withdrew the few remaining troops of occupation. Southern leaders refused to honor their commitments, and Hayes’s southern policy was a failure. He was naive, but there was so little support remaining nationally for ensuring civil rights that perhaps no president could been successful at the time. Regardless, he was a strong and vigorous leader, and does not fit the stereotype of the weak Gilded Age president.
A Linear Stochastic Field Model of Midlatitude Mesoscale Variability

AbstractA semiempirical model of midlatitude sea surface height (SSH) variability is formulated and tested against two decades of weekly global fields of merged altimeter data. The model is constrained to match approximately the observed SSH wavenumber power spectrum, but it predicts the spatiotemporal SSH field structure as a propagating, damped, linear response to a stochastic forcing field. An objective, coherent-eddy identification and tracking procedure is applied to the model and altimeter SSH fields, with a focus on eddies with lifetimes L ≥ 16 weeks. The model eddy dataset reproduces the basic global-mean characteristics of the altimeter eddy dataset, including the structure of mean amplitude and scale life cycles, the number distributions versus lifetime, and the distributions of all eddy length scale realizations. The model underpredicts the numbers of eddy realizations with large amplitudes and large scales, overpredicts the growth of mean amplitude and scale with lifetime, and modestly overpre...
Activity of gemcitabine/5-FU combination in refractory esophagogastric (EG) cancer.

147 Background: Systemic chemotherapy has been demonstrated to improve survival and palliate symptoms in metastatic EG cancer. 2ndline (or more) chemotherapy with best supportive care also improves...
Gallstone Disease After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in an Asian Population-What Proportion of Gallstones Actually Becomes Symptomatic?

Despite evidence on gallstone disease after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), there is an existing lack of consensus on practice guidelines, i.e., surveillance and stone-lowering prophylaxis. Available evidence also has a racial bias as western reports predominate current data. Considering the growing popularity of LSG in Asia and the unique Asian anthropometrics, we have attempted to provide a regional perspective by reviewing our LSG database to investigate the epidemiology of this complication. One hundred two morbidly obese cases were retrospectively reviewed. Abdominal ultrasounds were conducted preoperatively and at 12-month post-op. No gallstone-lowering prophylaxis was used. Outcome measure was the incidence of new gallstone formation at 1 year and the rate of symptomatic stones during the follow-up period. Mean age was 43 years (range 20–68) with average initial BMI of 41.68 kg/m2. Preoperative gallstones were present in 14 (13.7%) cases. At 12-month post-op, 24 (27.5%) patients with no previous gallstone disease developed new stones. Within the mean follow-up period of 28.4 months, only one case (0.9%) developed gallstone complication requiring a cholecystectomy. We found no statistical difference in demographics, BMI variables (initial BMI, ΔBMI at 6 months and 1 year), and comorbidities between patients with new gallstone and those without stones. Our results match western data in that gallstone formation is common after LSG though incidence of complicated stones is small. This is despite not using gallstone-lowering prophylaxis. The low conversion rate also questions the relevance of surveillance screening, as most patients with new gallstones remain asymptomatic at least in the short-term follow-up.
Expanded Newborn Screening: Information and Resources for the Family Physician

Each year, 4 to 5 million newborns receive state-mandated screening. Although the Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children has identified 34 core conditions that should be incorporated into screening programs, each state manages, funds, and maintains its own program. State programs encompass screening, as well as the diagnosis and coordination of care for newborns with positive findings. Testing for core disorders is fairly standardized, but more extensive screening varies widely by state, and the rigorous evaluation of new screening panels is ongoing. The core panel includes testing for three main categories of disorders: metabolic disorders (e.g., amino acid and urea cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and organic acid disorders); hemoglobinopathies; and a group of assorted conditions, including congenital hearing loss. Family physicians must be familiar with the expanded newborn screening tests to effectively communicate results to parents and formulate interventions. They must also recognize signs of metabolic disorders that may not be detected by screening tests or that may not be a part of standard newborn screening in their state. For infants with positive screening results leading to diagnosis, long-term follow-up involves ongoing parental education, regular medical examinations, management at a metabolic treatment center, and developmental and neuropsychological testing to detect associated disorders in time for early intervention.
Genetic characterization of coenzyme a biosynthesis reveals essential distinctive functions during malaria parasite development in blood and mosquito.

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential universal cofactor for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In nearly all non-photosynthetic cells, CoA biosynthesis depends on the uptake and phosphorylation of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid or pantothenate). Recently, putative pantothenate transporter (PAT) and pantothenate kinases (PanKs) were functionally characterized in P. yoelii. PAT and PanKs were shown to be dispensable for blood stage development, but they were essential for mosquito stages development. Yet, little is known about the cellular functions of the other enzymes of the CoA biosynthesis pathway in malaria parasite life cycle stages. All enzymes of this pathway were targeted for deletion or deletion/complementation analyses by knockout/knock-in plasmid constructs to reveal their essential roles in P. yoelii life cycle stages. The intermediate enzymes PPCS (Phosphopantothenylcysteine Synthase), PPCDC (Phosphopantothenylcysteine Decarboxylase) were shown to be dispensable for asexual and sexual blood stage development, but they were essential for oocyst development and the production of sporozoites. However, the last two enzymes of this pathway, PPAT (Phosphopantetheine Adenylyltransferase) and DPCK (Dephospho-CoA Kinase), were essential for blood stage development. These results indicate alternative first substrate requirement for the malaria parasite, other than the canonical pantothenate, for the synthesis of CoA in the blood but not inside the mosquito midgut. Collectively, our data shows that CoA de novo biosynthesis is essential for both blood and mosquito stages, and thus validates the enzymes of this pathway as potential antimalarial targets.
Harmony Theory (Chinese)

This entry describes Chinese harmony from three perspectives as an attempt to help people better understand Chinese culture and communication in the globalizing society. First, the philosophical foundation of Chinese harmony is explained; second, 10 key concepts surrounding Chinese harmony are explicated; and third, three observable communication behaviors that realize Chinese harmony are discussed. Cautions are stipulated for theorizing a cultural value such as Chinese harmony. Keywords: global media; globalism; intercultural communication
Biblical Progression as Moral Development: The Analogy and its Implications:

The progression of history as described in the Bible is considered from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. A rationale for this analogy is provided with potential i...
Portable Parallel Computing with the Raspberry Pi

With the requirement that parallel & distributed computing (PDC) topics be covered in the core computer science curriculum, educators are exploring new ways to engage students in this area of computing. In this paper, we discuss the use of the Raspberry Pi single-board computer (SBC) to provide students with hands-on multicore learning experiences. We discuss how the authors use the Raspberry Pi to teach parallel computing, and present assessment results that indicate such devices are effective at achieving CS2013 PDC learning outcomes, as well as motivating further study of parallelism. We believe our results are of significant interest to CS educators looking to integrate parallelism in their classrooms, and support the use of other SBCs for teaching parallel computing.
Reassignment of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH8A1 (ALDH12) to the kynurenine pathway in tryptophan catabolism

The kynurenine pathway is the primary route for l -tryptophan degradation in mammals. Intermediates and side products of this pathway are involved in immune response and neurodegenerative diseases. This makes the study of enzymes, especially those from mammalian sources, of the kynurenine pathway worthwhile. Recent studies on a bacterial version of an enzyme of this pathway, 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde (2-AMS) dehydrogenase (AMSDH), have provided a detailed understanding of the catalytic mechanism and identified residues conserved for muconate semialdehyde recognition and activation. Findings from the bacterial enzyme have prompted the reconsideration of the function of a previously identified human aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH8A1 (or ALDH12), which was annotated as a retinal dehydrogenase based on its ability to preferentially oxidize 9-cis-retinal over trans-retinal. Here, we provide compelling bioinformatics and experimental evidence that human ALDH8A1 should be reassigned to the missing 2-AMS dehydrogenase of the kynurenine metabolic pathway. For the first time, the product of the semialdehyde oxidation by AMSDH is also revealed by NMR and high-resolution MS. We found that ALDH8A1 catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of 2-AMS with a catalytic efficiency equivalent to that of AMSDH from the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Substitution of active-site residues required for substrate recognition, binding, and isomerization in the bacterial enzyme resulted in human ALDH8A1 variants with 160-fold increased Km or no detectable activity. In conclusion, this molecular study establishes an additional enzymatic step in an important human pathway for tryptophan catabolism.
Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate

1. There is little to be gained, I believe, in trying to puzzle through the classic philosophical texts of the 17th and 18th centuries which have to do in important ways with on-going developments in mathematics and the various sciences without also having some knowledge of those developments. Lacking this sort of historical, although at times rather technical, knowledge, commentators often miss the point of the texts. Perhaps more important, they fail to bring out their full sophistication. The main figures of the 17th and 18th centuries simply knew a great deal more about mathematics and the various sciences than do the majority of their present commentators.
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase-12 as a New Target for Cancer Treatment

Metastatic spread of cancer is a leading cause for the loss of life from this disease. In metastatic cascade, cells undergo multifaceted phenotypic transformations that include breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) encasing the tumor, cancer cell migration and invasion of surrounding tissues, and relocation of cancer cells in secondary organs. Recently a multitasking protein, A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease-12 (ADAM-12), has attracted particular interest because of its potential roles in tumor growth and development by facilitating remodeling of extracellular matrix and cell migration that are so essential for cancer growth and metastasis. ADAM-12 is an active metalloproteinase; it regulates release of growth factors and is capable of promoting cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion and cell signaling as well. Overexpression of ADAM-12 is reported in many types of human cancers. Furthermore, a statistical correlation between the urinary levels of ADAM-12 in breast and bladder cancer patients and cancer progression has been found. These results suggested that ADAM-12 could be used as a diagnostic marker. In addition to cancers, increase of ADAM-12 expression is linked to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, cardiac hypertrophy, and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as during high-fat diet-induced obesity. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the regulatory pathways by which ADAM-12 could be expressed to contribute towards tumor development, accelerate tumor progression, and metastasis. A better understanding of the regulation of this multifunctional protein that could well be used as a new therapeutic option.
Assessment, Analytics, and Analysis: Demonstrating the Impact of LMS Embedded Librarians on Student Learning.

Librarians are committed to supporting teaching, learning, and research. They are equally committed to supporting student success and retention. Demonstrating the impact that learning management sy...
Software for the verification of Timoshenko beam finite elements

Abstract The classic paper Han et al. Dynamics of transversely vibrating beams using four engineering theories, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 225, 1999, sets up the continuation problem that determines the exact vibrational frequencies and mode shapes of prismatic Timoshenko beams. This article presents a portable implementation of a solver for the problem. In order to reliably compute a complete set of modes, without redundancies, it is crucial to formulate the frequency equation as a continuation problem. The continuation problem is solved for a thickness parameter starting from zero thickness (the Euler beam), and increasing up to the finite thickness of interest. The continuation problem has a bifurcation point, at which a wave number variable passes from real to a purely imaginary value. For finite thickness, the continuation problem for all sufficiently high frequency modes crosses through this bifurcation. Han et al.[7] solve the continuation problem using an unspecified differential equation solver, and dummyTXdummy- do not discuss accuracy. Here a solution of the continuation problem using pseudoarclength continuation is presented. This article presents a description of how to compute this singularity exactly, and develops software that maintains full working precision. Furthermore the details of the computation of the mode shapes from the frequencies are presented for free-free, clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions. The source code is available under a MIT license from github in the TimoshenkoBeamEigenvalues repository.
Weak above the knees: Lumbar Root Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma invasion (P6.126)

Objective: Present a case of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involvement of Lumbar meninges and nerve roots leading to rapidly progressing lower extremity weakness. Background: Central or and peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement of lymphoma is uncommon, ≤7% of lymphomas. NHL is aggressive; nervous system involvement can occur early, but detection can be challenging. Methods: Case report. Results: A 58-year-old woman with B-cell NHL, diagnosed 5 months prior, on Rituximab monotherapy, presented with lower extremity weakness and four months of worsening lumbago. She initially had right lower extremity (RLE) weakness, progressed to the left, then had mild foot numbness/tingling without saddle anesthesia or incontinence. Her weakness progressed rapidly over a week and she required a cane/crutches. Neurological examination showed intact bilateral upper extremity (BUE) strength, but right/left lower extremity MRC grading revealed hip flexors 0/2, knee extension 0/3+, knee flexion 4−/4+, and foot dorsiflexion 4/5, plantar flexion 5/5. Sensory exam showed decreased sensation in multiple BLE dermatomes. Reflexes were absent in lower extremities; plantars were equivocal. MRI showed cauda equina nerve root thickening with avid enhancement, smooth thickening of multiple peripheral nerve roots and possibly part of the right lumbosacral plexus. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated normal SNAPs. EMG revealed fibrillations and positive sharp waves in L2-5 innervated muscle groups in RLE and paraspinal muscles, along with reduced recruitment, right>left, suggesting axonal lumbosacral polyradiculopathy, worse in right L2–L4 segments. CSF showed protein >600 mg/dL; HIV, Lyme, RPR, HSV, SSA/SSB, ACE (serum/CSF), ANA, CSF oligoclonal bands, and Rheumatoid Factor were negative. CD5+ B-cell Lymphoma in CSF, without residual anti-CD20, confirmed lymphoma invasion. Conclusions: This case establishes the importance of clinical reasoning. Neurological exam suggested multilevel radiculopathy/plexopathy. Normal SNAPS argue against plexopathy, MRI, and CSF analysis confirmed the diagnosis of secondary CNS lymphoma invading the meninges and nerve roots. Disclosure: Dr. Datta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meira Benchaya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boland has nothing to disclose.
A case report of severe hypothermia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome has not been a described complication of hypothermia. Causes of hypothermia are commonly associated with alcohol abuse and infection, both of which could lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. We present a case of severe hypothermia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome in a young immunocompetent male treated successfully with mechanical intubation and venovenous extracorpeal membrane oxygenation. Risk factors for known causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome included a witnessed aspiration event and RSV pneumonia. On review of the literature, severe hypothermia has been found to cause pulmonary edema in post-mortem studies, but acute respiratory distress syndrome has not yet been recognized as a known complication. Our case highlights that acute respiratory distress syndrome may be multifactorial in etiology and related to complications of severe hypothermia.
Impact of change in bedtime variability on body composition and inflammation: secondary findings from the Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network.

Variability in daily sleep patterns is an emerging factor linked to metabolic syndrome. However, whether reducing bedtime variability improves markers of disease risk has not been tested. Here, we assessed whether body composition and inflammation were impacted by changes in bedtime variability over a 6-week period, during which, women were instructed to maintain healthy, habitual sleep (HS) patterns (one arm of a randomized trial). Data were available for 37 women (age 34.9 ± 12.4 years, BMI 24.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2, sleep duration 7.58 ± 0.49 h/night). Body composition and leukocyte platelet aggregates (LPA) were measured at baseline and endpoint using magnetic resonance imaging and flow cytometry, respectively. Sleep data were collected daily using wrist actigraphy. Change in bedtime variability was calculated as the difference in the standard deviation (SD) of bedtimes measured during the 2-week screening period and the 6-week intervention period. Results showed that women who reduced their bedtime variability (n = 29) during the intervention had reductions in total (P < 0.001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001) relative to women who increased/maintained (n = 8) bedtime variability. Similar effects were observed for LPA levels between women who reduced vs increased/maintained bedtime variability (P = 0.011). Thus, reducing bedtime variability, without changing sleep duration, could improve cardiometabolic health by reducing adiposity and inflammation.
Peripheral thrombosis causing simultaneous saddle pulmonary embolism and paradoxical ST elevation myocardial infarction resulting in cardiovascular collapse

Paradoxical coronary artery embolism is often an underdiagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI). It should always be considered in patient with acute MI and a low risk profile for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. We describe a patient with simultaneous acute saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) and acute ST segment elevation MI due to paradoxical coronary artery embolism. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a patent foramen ovale with right to left shunt and large saddle PE in the main pulmonary artery and coronary angiography demonstrated acute thrombotic occlusion of the right coronary artery.
Earth Jurisprudence, the Rights of Nature, and International Rights of Nature Tribunals

This chapter explores Original Nation strategies to establish “the Rights of Nature” and to build a robust system of “Earth Jurisprudence.” While the Original Nation scholarship proposes the eventual dissolution of coercive state structures, at this point the power of the state can be instigated to deter predatory corporate actions and destructive state projects. The chapter examines Ecuador’s constitutional amendment to establish the “Rights of Nature”; the action of the Maori Nation in New Zealand to give “legal personalities” to the river in order to protect it from human destruction; Nepal’s proposal to incorporate “the Rights to Healthy Climate” into its constitution; the adoption in 2017 of Mexico City’s constitution to recognize the rights of nature; and Colombia’s recognition in 2019 of the Plata River as a “subject of rights” to exist and flourish on its own, among many others.
Value of groundwater to public supply in west-central Florida

This study provides a monetary value for groundwater by estimating the cost for the year 2020 to replace its use in public supply for 5 million people in west-central Florida, USA. The alternatives...
‘Language hackers’: YouTube polyglots as representative figures of language learning in late capitalism

YouTube polyglots are an online community whose origin can be traced to the late 2000s, when language learning forums and YouTube videos of language learning enthusiasts began appearing online. Thi...
Decay of correlations in the one dimensional Ising model withJ ij =|i−j|−2

A low temperature expansion is constructed for the one dimensional Ising model with Hamiltonian\(H = \sum\limits_{i< j} {\left| {i - j} \right|^{ - 2} \left( {1 - \sigma _i \sigma _j } \right)} \). It is shown that the two point function 〈σi;σj〉 obeys upper and lower bounds of the formf(β)|i−j|−2 for inverse temperature β sufficiently large.
The Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Section: increasing the opportunities for the congenital heart disease community within the American College of Cardiology.

The Adult Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology (AC/PC) Section was established to develop a clear voice within the American College of Cardiology and address the myriad issues facing the congenital heart disease profession. The Section is governed by the AC/PC Council, which includes pediatric cardiologists, adult congenital cardiologists, a cardiac care associate, and a fellow-in-training member. The Council is responsible for bidirectional communication between the College's Board of Trustees and the AC/PC Section members. Since its founding in 2004, Section objectives have been defined by the College's mission: to advocate for quality cardiovascular care through education, research promotion, and the development and application of standards and guidelines and to influence health care policy. The pillars of the College—advocacy, quality, education, and member engagement—serve as the defining template for the Section's strategy. The Section has developed work groups in advocacy, clinical practice, education and training, quality, and publications. A separate leadership group has been developed for adult congenital heart disease. Work groups are open to all Section members. Recognition of the importance of lifelong care in congenital heart disease led Section leaders to incorporate pediatric cardiology and adult congenital heart disease content into each of the work groups. There are more than 1,200 Section members, with nearly 400 members actively contributing to Section activities. This article outlines Section efforts to date and highlights significant successes to date.
Balls-in-bins with feedback and Brownian Motion

In a balls-in-bins process with feedback, balls are sequentially thrown into bins so that the probability that a bin with n balls obtains the next ball is proportional to f(n) for some function f. A commonly studied case where there are two bins and f(n) = n p for p > 0, and our goal is to study the fine behavior of this process with two bins and a large initial number t of balls. Perhaps surprisingly, Brownian Motions are an essential part of both our proofs. For p > 1/2, it was known that with probability 1 one of the bins will lead the process at all large enough times. We show that if the first bin starts with t + λ √ t balls (for constant λ ∈ R), the probability that it always or eventually leads has a non-trivial limit depending on λ. For p ≤ 1/2, it was known that with probability 1 the bins will alternate in leadership. We show, however, that if the initial fraction of balls in one of the bins is > 1/2, the time until it is overtaken by the remaining bin scales like �(t 1+1/(1 2p) ) for p < 1/2 and exp(�(t)) for p = 1/2. In fact, the overtaking time has a non-trivial distribution around the scaling factors, which we determine explicitly. Our proofs use a continuous-time embedding of the balls-in-bins process (due to Rubin) and a non-standard approximation of the process by Brownian Motion. The techniques presented also extend to more general functions f.
A fish survey of the White River, Nevada

In spring and summer 1991 and 1992, we surveyed fishes of the White River system, Nye and White Pine Counties, Nevada, to determine the status of natives. There are 5 known native fishes to the White River: Lepidomeda albivallis (White River spinedace), Crenichthys baileyi albivallis (Preston White River springfish), Crenichthys baileyi thermophilus (Moorman White River springfish), Catostomus clarki intermedius (White River desert sucker), and Rhinichthys osculus ssp. (White River speckled dace). All 5 had declined in range. Lepidomeda albivallis had experienced the greatest decline, with less than 50 remaining, and these were restricted to a 70-m stream reach. Rhinichthys osculus spp. was most widespread, found in 18 spring systems. Cottus bairdi (mottled sculpin) was collected for the 1st time from the White River system, where it was probably native. Protective measures should be implemented to conserve all native White River fishes to include C. bairdi.
A Case of a Bloated Face: SVC Syndrome Relieved by an Endovascular Approach

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, or obstruction of blood returning from the head and upper extremities, is a syndrome that is rapidly increasing in the cardiovascular patient population due to the increasing use of transvenous devices such as permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and indwelling venous access devices for hemodialysis.This syndrome in the past has been seen predominately in the cancer population with malignancy being the most common reason for SVC syndrome. The management of this syndrome has largely been with a medical/supportive care approach or with surgical bypass. Given the advancement in the field of endovascular interventions and the increasing expertise in performing these procedures, an endovascular approach to relieving the SVC obstruction is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for these patients. We describe a case of a patient who had a chronic indwelling port-a-cath who developed SVC syndrome, which was treated with an endovascular approach with stenting of the SVC/brachiocephalic vein junction. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:78–81)
Historical and recent biomass and food web relations of Limnocalanus in Lake Huron

Abstract Reported population biomass of Limnocalanus macrurus in Lake Huron has been underestimated by several-fold owing to application of an inappropriate length–weight regression model. During August and September the underestimates can exceed three-fold, suggesting that secondary production of the species in the lake is greater than previously thought. Increased representation of the species in the plankton community in recent years is associated with a decrease in its trophic level deduced through nitrogen stable isotope analysis of specimens from opportunistic samples obtained in 1993, 1995, and 2009. Limnocalanus 15 N enrichment relative to primary herbivores appears to have decreased by 1.5‰ over this time period. Similarly, Diaptomus 15 N enrichment relative to primary herbivores appeared to decrease by 1.1‰ from 1993 to 2009. Our data offer at least two possible explanations for this shift. (1) Limnocalanus has adopted a more herbivorous diet in response to the ecological changes in Lake Huron or (2) hypolimnetic Diaptomus have adopted a more herbivorous diet and Limnocalanus is relying in part on Diaptomus as a food source.
Neutral gas blanket effects in a gaseous divertor

The gaseous divertor employs a neutral gas blanket to absorb the plasma heat flux in the divertor chamber. This novel method for resolving the heat loading problem in a conventional divertor system is simulated experimentally. In our operational range (ne ⩽ 5 × 1013 cm−3, Te ⩽ 5 eV) it is demonstrated that the localized plasma heat flux is scattered relatively uniformly with neutral pressures of a few microns. At large neutral pressures the plasma stream is neutralized without touching a material wall. Plasma pumping inhibits neutral backflow and can sustain a neutral pressure difference comparable to the plasma pressure. Effective divertor channel conductance is measured to be reduced by a factor of six.
Secondary overtriage: the burden of unnecessary interfacility transfers in a rural trauma system.

Importance Unnecessary interfacility transfer of minimally injured patients to a level I trauma center (secondary overtriage) can cause inefficient use of resources and personnel within a regional trauma system. Objective To describe the burden of secondary overtriage in a rural trauma system with a single level I trauma center. Design Retrospective analysis of institutional trauma registry data. Setting Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, a rural level I trauma center. Patients A total of 7793 injured patients evaluated by the trauma service at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. Exposure Evaluation by the trauma service. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients transferred from another hospital to Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center who did not require an operation, had an Injury Severity Score lower than 15, and were discharged alive within 48 hours of admission. Results Of the 7793 evaluated patients, 4796 (62%) were transferred from other facilities. When compared with scene calls (n = 2997), transferred patients had a similar median Injury Severity Score of 9, but 24% of transferred adult patients and 49% of transferred pediatric patients met our definition of secondary overtriage. The overtriaged patients were most likely to have injuries of the head and neck (56%), followed by skin and soft-tissue injuries (41%). Seventy-two unique institutions transferred trauma patients to Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, but 36% of the overtriaged patients were from 5 institutions. Conclusions and Relevance The incidence of secondary overtriage in our rural trauma center is 26%, with head and neck injuries being the most common reason for transfer. Costs for transportation and additional evaluation for such a significant percentage of patients has important resource utilization implications. Effective regionalization of rural trauma care should include methods to limit secondary overtriage.
Leading practices for achieving quality and high performance

Important management practices that lead to the achievement of quality and high performance fall under the areas of leadership, information management, strategic planning, human resource management, product development, process management, and customer focus, which represent the principal focus areas of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria. Aims to identify the key practices that lead to competitive success from a process viewpoint, and provide examples from Baldrige winners and other leading companies.
UROGENITAL INVOLVEMENT BY DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND-CELL TUMOR

ABSTRACTPurpose: We strove to characterize the clinicopathologic features of a rare malignant tumor involving the urogenital system.Materials and Methods: Of 109 reported cases of desmoplastic small round-cell tumor, 25 have involved organs ordinarily evaluated and treated by urologists. Experience based on these cases plus 2 from our files forms the basis of this review.Results: The term desmoplastic small round-cell tumor has been applied to a rare, highly malignant neoplasm that occurs most often in the abdominal cavity and is described in the nonurological literature. This cancer has distinctive histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. Several reports suggest a characteristics genetic abnormality. All reported patients who have tumors involving the genitourinary structures have been treated with chemotherapy, but prognosis has been poor.Conclusions: The literature on desmoplastic small round-cell tumor indicates that a significant percentage of these rare malignancies involve ge...
Tailoring the gas-phase dissociation and determining the relative energy of activation for dissociation of 7-deaza purine modified oligonucleotides containing a repeating motif

Abstract 7-Deaza purine modified oligonucleotides with a repeating motif have been sequenced by slow heating methods illustrating the ability to alter the preferred unimolecular decomposition pathway. The modified oligonucleotides limited the number of product ions per repeat unit resulting in an increased signal-to-noise ratio for the tandem mass spectrometry data. Loss of 7-deaza purine nucleobases or 7-deaza purine related product ions were not observed. The results illustrate the importance of the N7 position of purine nucleobases for low energy gas-phase decomposition. FRAGMENT results showed that for the 3 − charge state of the 16-mer oligonucleotides, 5′-(AATG) 4 -3′ and 5′-(c 7 Ac 7 ATG) 4 -3′, that the 7-deaza deoxyadenosine modified sequence had a 38% greater relative energy of activation for unimolecular decomposition when compared to the unmodified sequence. For large DNA molecules that have purine-rich repeat units, the multiple sequence sites per repeat can result in a substantial loss of sequence information over large areas due to a reduced signal-to-noise ratio of the product ion spectrum. The incorporation of 7-deaza purines can limit the number of product ions during gas phase sequencing while ensuring sufficient sequence coverage to localize mutations or polymorphisms housed within a specific repeat unit.
Phase and amplitude recovery and diffraction image generation method: structure of Sb/Au(110)–√3 × √3R54.7° from surface X‐ray diffraction

The discovery that the phase problem of diffraction from non-periodic objects may be solved by oversampling the diffraction intensities in reciprocal space with respect to a Nyquist criterion has opened up new vistas for structure determination by diffraction methods. A similar principle may be applied to the problem of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD), where, owing to the breaking of a crystal periodicity normal to its surface, diffraction data consist of a set of superstructure rods (SRs) due to scattering from the parts of the surface whose structure is different from that of the truncated bulk and of crystal truncation rods (CTRs), formed by interfering contributions from the surface and the bulk. A phase and amplitude recovery and diffraction image generation method (PARADIGM) is described that provides a prescription for finding the unmeasured amplitudes and phases of the surface contributions to the CTRs in addition to the phases of the SRs, directly from the diffraction data. The resulting `diffraction image' is the basis of a determination of the previously unknown multidomain structure of Sb/Au(110)–√3 × √3R54.7°.
Programmed cell death: dying cells synthesize a co-ordinated, unique set of proteins in two different episodes of cell death.

Abstract Intersegmental muscles of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, degenerate promptly after the ecdysis of the moth. Protein content of the growing, static, and degenerating muscle was evaluated by two-dimensional electrophoresis; RNA was isolated from the muscle and translated, and the translation products likewise analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Growing and static muscles synthesize predominantly myofibrillar proteins, and small cytosolic proteins constitute a vanishingly small proportion of the proteins identified even by silver staining. When the muscle begins to degenerate, a large number of smaller proteins is seen on the gels. Many of these are apparently fragments of the myofibrillar proteins, but over 30 can be recognized as new translation products. Most of the translation products are found in two regions, one ranging from 20 to 40 kDa and with a pI of 6.5–6.9; and the other approx. 50–70 kDa and pI 5.8–6.2. The pattern is identical in two separate instances of degeneration.
Excess Wing in the Dielectric Loss of Glass Formers: A Johari-Goldstein β Relaxation?

Dielectric loss spectra of glass-forming propylene carbonate and glycerol at temperatures above and below T(g) are presented. By performing aging experiments lasting up to five weeks, equilibrium spectra below T(g) have been obtained. During aging, the excess wing, showing up as a second power law at high frequencies, develops into a shoulder. The results strongly suggest that the excess wing, observed in a variety of glass formers, is the high-frequency flank of a beta relaxation.
Serum sickness after treatment with rabbit antithymocyte globulin in a heart transplant recipient with previous rabbit exposure

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is a preparation of polyclonal antibodies frequently used to treat acute cellular rejection in organ transplant recipients. Use of rabbit ATG has been associated with serum sickness in liver and kidney transplantation patients previously exposed to rabbits. Here, we report the case of a heart transplantation patient with a history of significant rabbit exposure who had developed migratory diffuse arthralgias 13 days after receiving ATG for acute cellular rejection. Laboratory findings included C-reactive protein elevation, depressed levels of C3 and C4 complement, and strongly positive titers against rabbit immunoglobulin G, all strongly suggestive of serum sickness. To our knowledge, this is the first report of delayed serum sickness related to rabbit ATG after prior rabbit exposure in an adult heart transplantation patient. Early recognition of the symptoms of serum sickness can lead to prompt and appropriate management.
Real root isolation for exp-log functions

We present a real root isolation procedure for univariate functions obtained by composition and rational operations from exp, log, and real constants. We discuss implementation of the procedure and give empirical results. The procedure requires the ability to determine signs of exp-log functions at simple roots of other exp-log functions. The currently known method to do this depends on Schanuel's conjecture [6].
The use and analysis of microarray data

Functional genomics is the study of gene function through the parallel expression measurements of genomes, most commonly using the technologies of microarrays and serial analysis of gene expression. Microarray usage in drug discovery is expanding, and its applications include basic research and target discovery, biomarker determination, pharmacology, toxicogenomics, target selectivity, development of prognostic tests and disease-subclass determination. This article reviews the different ways to analyse large sets of microarray data, including the questions that can be asked and the challenges in interpreting the measurements.
Self-esteem in marriage.

This research tested two hypotheses about the evolutionary function of self-esteem, with reference to the marital context: Self-esteem evolved as a psychological solution to the adaptive problem of (1) tracking reproductively-relevant costs inflicted by a spouse, and (2) tracking own value as a long-term mate. Two hundred and fourteen individuals evaluated their self-esteem and provided information about marital conflict and marital satisfaction. Couples were interviewed by two interviewers who independently assessed each participant’s mate value and physical attractiveness. Results provide support for both hypothesized functions of self-esteem. Key findings include: husbands’ self-esteem is negatively correlated with wives’ sexual infidelity and with wives’ complaints of husbands’ abuse and jealousy; wives’ self-esteem is negatively correlated with husbands’ derogation of wives’ physical attractiveness and positively correlated with interviewer ratings of wives’ physical attractiveness. Discussion integrates the two hypothesized functions of self-esteem with the ‘‘sociometer hypothesis’’ (M. R. Leary, E. S. Tambor, S. K. Terdal & D. L. Downs, 1995: Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor. The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518‐530) that self-esteem tracks social rejection. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interaction between thromboxane A2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in human coronary arteries.

BACKGROUNDPlatelets release two powerful vasoconstrictors--thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Animal studies have suggested that these two substances may act in a synergistic fashion to stimulate platelet activity and smooth muscle vasoconstriction.METHODS AND RESULTSTo assess the interaction between TXA2 and 5-HT at the individual 5-HT receptor subtypes reported to mediate contraction, the effect of the amine was determined in the presence of differing concentrations of the thromboxane mimetic U46619. A total of 168 vessel segments were removed from 20 recipient hearts of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Segments were set up in isolated organ baths and tested for their response to 5-HT in the presence of an EC10, EC30, or EC50 concentration of U46619 (n = 4). A synergistic response was only seen in a small number of the segments tested under these conditions. However, in the presence of ketanserin (10(-6) M) to block 5-HT2 receptors, there was a significant increase in the ...
Modeling Abiotic Processes of Aniline in Water-Saturated Soils

The long-term interactions of aromatic amines with soils are important in defining the fate and transport of these compounds in the environment. Abiotic loss of aniline from the aqueous phase to th...