cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oblique scanning laser microscopy for simultaneously volumetric structural and molecular imaging using only one raster scan.

Multi-modal three dimensional (3D) optical imaging combining both structural sensitivity and molecular specificity is highly desirable in biomedical research. In this paper, we present a method termed oblique scanning laser microscopy (OSLM) to combine optical coherence tomography (OCT), for simultaneously volumetric structural and molecular imaging with cellular resolution in all three dimensions. Conventional 3D laser scanning fluorescence microscopy requires repeated optical sectioning to create z-stacks in depth. Here, the use of an obliquely scanning laser eliminates the z-stacking process, then allows highly efficient 3D OCT and fluorescence imaging by using only one raster scan. The current setup provides ~3.6 × 4.2 × 6.5 μm resolution in fluorescence imaging, ~7 × 7 × 3.5 μm in OCT in three dimensions, and the current speed of imaging is up to 100 frames per second (fps) over a volume about 0.8 × 1 × 0.5 mm3. We demonstrate several mechanisms for molecular imaging, including intrinsically expressed GFP fluorescence, autofluorescence from Flavin proteins, and exogenous antibody-conjugated dyes. We also demonstrate potential applications in imaging human intestinal organoids (HIOs), colon mucosa, and retina.
Campylobacter jejuni induces autoimmune peripheral neuropathy via Siglec-1 and IL-4 axes (MUC5P.746)

Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. C. jejuni infection has also been causally linked with development of the peripheral neuropathy called Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). We have previously shown that C. jejuni isolates from human enteritis patients induce a Type1/17 cytokine dependent colitis response in IL-10 -/- mice. In contrast, isolates from human GBS patients colonize the IL-10 -/- mice without inducing colitis but instead induce autoantibody elicitation targeted against peripheral nerve antigens. We show here that the autoantibody response is dependent upon blunted Type1/17 but enhanced Type2 cytokine production by T helper cells. Autoantibody elicitation also correlated with enhanced macrophage infiltration in the sciatic nerve and its dorsal root ganglia. Autoantibodies and these histological changes were significantly decreased in mice depleted of IL-4, without leading to colitis induction. Histological damage in the sciatic nerve was associated with abnormal gait and hind limb movements in the IL-10 -/- mice, consistent with this syndrome’s manifestation in humans. Furthermore, we show here that Siglec1 is a central antigen presenting cell receptor that mediates GBS but not colitogenic isolate uptake, T cell differentiation and autoantibody elicitation. Therefore, this is the first mouse model of an autoimmune disease induced directly by a bacterium and it is dependent upon Siglec1 and IL-4 axes.
Exploring students' use of online sources in small groups with an augmented reality-based activity – group dynamics negatively affect identification of authentic online information

In this study initially, we wanted to explore students' use of online sources and how they use online information to try to persuade each other when they get the group assignment to identify misleading from correct information. We grounded our concept on "OnLife" (Floridi, 2015) in which students used online information to find arguments for their actions. We created an AR-based campus tour for mobile devices in which students discussed content, identified correctness of online information and were asked to made a group decision. Four groups have been studied. Video-recorded observation and interviews were applied. During data analysis we found results that point to four distinctive patterns of relationships between social in-group dynamics and the identification of authentic online information: a) network of equal members, b) omission of one person, c) one person guides the others, d) no collaborative reasoning. The result is a 'Happy Surprise', it shows that social dynamics affected group performance stronger than equal access to online sources. Equal access to online information did not lead to a reasonable based-on-facts discussion. Group dynamics diminished the advantage of equal access and impacted decision-making more than the information itself. Because of the small study size, generalization of results is limited, but lays a foundation for follow-up or experimental studies.
Pathology of Cervico-Cranial Artery Occlusion

Brain ischemia is caused by a heterogeneous array of different vascular disorders. The general categories of vascular disorders most often used are embolism, “thrombosis” (referring to a local in situ process that narrows and often occludes an artery or vein), and systemic hypoperfusion. Systemic disorders that lead to brain ischemia include cardiac disorders (cardiac arrest, arrythmias, low cardiac output), conditions that cause hypovolemia and lack of adequate oxygen-carrying blood (blood loss, severe anemia, shock, carbon monoxide poisoning, hypotension), and acute pulmonary conditions (i.e., pulmonary embolism). Because patients with systemic disorders are not candidates for thrombolysis and there are usually no associated intracranial vascular occlusions, this large category is not discussed here. This chapter, therefore, focuses entirely on embolic and thrombotic disorders.
Appell–Lauricella Hypergeometric Functions over Finite Fields, and a New Cubic Transformation Formula

We define a finite-field version of Appell–Lauricella hypergeometric functions built from period functions in several variables, paralleling the development by Fuselier et al. (Hypergeometric functions over finite fields, arXiv:1510.02575v2) in the single variable case. We develop geometric connections between these functions and the family of generalized Picard curves. In our main result, we use finite-field Appell–Lauricella functions to establish a finite-field analogue of Koike and Shiga’s cubic transformation (Koike and Shiga, J. Number Theory 124:123–141, 2007) for the Appell hypergeometric function F1, proving a conjecture of Ling Long. We also prove a finite field analogue of Gauss’ quadratic arithmetic geometric mean. We use our multivariable period functions to construct formulas for the number of \(\mathbb {F}_p\)-points on the generalized Picard curves. Lastly, we give some transformation and reduction formulas for the period functions, and consequently for the finite-field Appell–Lauricella functions.
Human co-transcriptional splicing kinetics and coordination revealed by direct nascent RNA sequencing

Abstract Human genes have numerous exons that are differentially spliced within pre-mRNA. Understanding how multiple splicing events are coordinated across nascent transcripts requires quantitative analyses of transient RNA processing events in living cells. We developed nanopore analysis of CO-transcriptional Processing (nano-COP), in which nascent RNAs are directly sequenced through nanopores, exposing the dynamics and patterns of RNA splicing without biases introduced by amplification. nano-COP showed that in both human and Drosophila cells, co-transcriptional splicing occurs after RNA polymerase II transcribes several kilobases of pre-mRNA, suggesting that metazoan splicing transpires distally from the transcription machinery. Inhibition of the branch-site recognition complex SF3B globally abolished co-transcriptional splicing in both species. Our findings revealed that splicing order does not strictly follow the order of transcription and is influenced by cis-regulatory elements. In human cells, introns with delayed splicing frequently neighbor alternative exons and are associated with RNA-binding factors. Moreover, neighboring introns in human cells tend to be spliced concurrently, implying that splicing occurs cooperatively. Thus, nano-COP unveils the organizational complexity of metazoan RNA processing.
HABSat-1: assessing the feasibility of using CubeSats for the detection of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in inland lakes and reservoirs

AbstractJohansen RA, Beck R, Stumpf R, Lekki J, Tokars R, Tolbert C, McGhan C, Black T, Ma O, Xu M, Liu H, Reif M, Emery E. 2019. HABSat-1: assessing the feasibility of using CubeSats for the detec...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Chemosensory Pathway Genes GNB3, TAS2R19, and TAS2R38 Are Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifaceted disease with a significant genetic component. The importance of taste receptor signaling has recently been highlighted in CRS; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bitter tastant-responsive G-protein-coupled receptors have been linked with CRS and with altered innate immune responses to multiple bacterially derived signals. Objective To determine in CRS the frequency of six SNPs in genes with known bitter tastant signaling function. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from 74 CRS volunteers in West Virginia, and allele frequency was determined and compared with demographically matched data from the 1,000 Genomes database. Results For two SNPs in a gene recently associated with bitterant signaling regulation, RGS21, there were no associations with CRS (although the frequency of the minor allele of RGS21, rs7528947, was seen to increase with increasing Lund-Mackay CT staging score). Two TAS2R bitter taste receptor gene variants (TAS2R19 rs10772420 and TAS2R38 rs713598), identified in prior CRS genetics studies, were found to have similar associations in this study. Conclusion Unique to our study is the establishment of an association between CRS in this patient population and GNB3 SNP rs5443, a variation in an established G protein component downstream of bitterant receptor signal transduction.
Luminescence decay-based Y2O3:Er phosphor thermometry: Temperature sensitivity governed by multiphonon emission with an effective phonon energy transition

Abstract To shift the onset of thermal quenching by multiphonon emission to higher temperatures, thermographic phosphors for high-temperature applications are usually selected with a large energy gap between the radiatively emitting energy level and the next lowest energy level. An alternate approach is presented where Y2O3:Er, with a relatively small energy gap of 2795 cm−1 between the 4S3/2 emitting level and the 4F9/2 level below it, provides effective temperature measurements from room temperature to 1200 °C. The smaller energy gap results in an expanded temperature measurement range because (1) it results in a lower temperature onset of thermal quenching by multiphonon emission and (2) the smaller number of phonons required to bridge the energy gap produces a weaker temperature-dependent increase in multiphonon emission rates with temperature. Utilizing the intense hypersensitive 4I15/2 → 2H11/2 Er3+excitation at 522 nm offsets the temperature precision reduction due to the decreased decay time temperature sensitivity. Two distinct temperature sensitivity ranges are observed due to a crossover in multiphonon emission relaxation from high to low effective phonon energies at about 950 °C. The implications of this transition from high to low effective phonon energies for selection of dopant hosts for high-temperature thermographic phosphor applications are discussed.
An application of the theory of $${{\,\mathrm{FI}\,}}$$FI-algebras to graph configuration spaces

Recent work of An et al. (Subdivisional spaces and graph braid groups. arXiv:1708.02351, 2019), as well as Ramos (Algebraic Geom Topol. arXiv:1609.05611, 2018), has shown that the homology groups of configuration spaces of graphs can be equipped with the structure of a finitely generated graded module over a polynomial ring. In this work we study this module structure in certain families of graphs using the language of $${{\,\mathrm{FI}\,}}$$-algebras recently explored by Nagel and Romer (FI- and OI-modules with varying coefficients. arXiv:1710.09247, 2017). As an application we prove that the syzygies of the modules in these families exhibit a range of stable behaviors.
Comments on the Guidelines on Transparency under Regulation 2016/679

These comments address the issue of transparency under the GDPR, as that topic arises in the context of Internet intermediaries and the “Right to Be Forgotten.” CIS Intermediary Liability Director Daphne Keller filed them in response to a public call for comments from the Article 29 Working Party – the EU-wide umbrella group of data protection regulators established under the 1995 Directive, soon to be succeeded by the European Data Protection Board established under the GDPR. The comments are based on more detailed analysis of GDPR transparency provisions in Keller’s forthcoming Berkeley Technology Law Journal article, The Right Tools: Europe's Intermediary Liability Laws and the 2016 General Data Protection Regulation. One set of comments addresses provisions in GDPR Articles 12, 13, and 14. While reasonable as applied to “back-end” data collected and used by intermediaries for purposes such as ad targeting, these provisions may cause real harm if applied to another class of data: expression and information publicly posted by Internet users. Read literally, these articles could require platforms to reveal confidential and personal information about online speakers. They could also lead platforms to improperly disseminate information about data subjects who exercise objection or erasure rights. The second set of comments relates to public transparency about the processes and rules enforced by Google and other platforms in honoring “Right to Be Forgotten” requests. With support from the Working Party or Board, researchers’ understanding of these processes could be improved. Thoughtful and narrowly tailored transparency provisions, developed through consultations with experts on all sides of the issue, would support fundamental rights and the fairness and accountability principles of the GDPR.
Implications of a Rising Serum Monoclonal Protein and Free Light Chains Post Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Background Patients(pts) who undergo autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM) are routinely assessed at Day-100 using serum monoclonal protein (M-spike), free light chains(FLC), and urine studies. Limited data are available to assess the prognostic value of an increasing M-spike or FLC from immediately before ASCT to Day-100 post-ASCT. We evaluated this in our cohort of patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1070 pts with MM at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, who had their first ASCT between 2000 and 2016. We stratified pts according to a rise in M-spike by at least >0.1g/dl from immediately before ASCT to Day-100 post-ASCT (cohort 1) compared to those who did not (cohort 2). We also stratified pts according to a rise in involved FLC by at least >5mg/dl (cohort 3) compared to those who did not (cohort 4). Survival analysis for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed using the Kaplan Meier method. Results 46 pts were found to have a rise in M-spike by at least >0.1g/dl between pre-ASCT and Day-100 (cohort 1) and 825 pts were found to have a declining or 5mg/dl (cohort 3) and 1045 pts were found to have a decrease or a Conclusions An increase of M-spike by at least >0.1 g/dl and involved FLC by at least >5mg/dl from pre-ASCT to Day-100 is predictive of inferior PFS and OS in pts with MM. These patients would benefit from closer surveillance post Day-100.
CHAPTER 1 – SET THEORY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic concepts of the set theory. The chapter highlights that the intersection of two sets A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, is the set whose elements belong to both A and B. The union of two sets A and B, denoted by A U B, is the set whose elements belong to either A or B and possibly to both A and B. Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint if they have no elements in common, that is, A ∩ B is a null set. The first distributive law states that if A, B, and C are any three sets, then C ∩ (A U B) = (C ∩ A) U (C ∩ B). The second distributive law states that if A, B, and C are any three sets, then C U (A ∩ B) = (C U A) ∩ (C U B).
Data as memory: Contemporary memory collection practices in extended interiors

This essay puts interiority to work as it examines the transformation from analogue memory collection housed in physical artifacts to the contemporary practices of digital memory collection where m...
Comparative Overview of Climate Change Mitigation Policies on the Use of Energy in Transport in North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Finland and Switzerland

Living for many years in one of the most air-polluted cities in Europe – Skopje, I am familiar with the unpleasant feeling of living in smog and risking your life by simply breathing. This serves as motivation for me to search for solutions for better and more adequate protection for the environment and human well-being. The energy used in transport has contributed greatly to greenhouse gas emissions, but it also has potential through effective mitigation measures to significantly reduce emissions. The states, under the United Nations Framework on Climate Change, have started their efforts to decrease emissions from transport, but there is always room for future improvements.
Nuclear hormone receptors promote gut and glia detoxifying enzyme induction and protect C. elegans from the mold P. brevicompactum

SUMMARY Animals encounter microorganisms in their habitats, adapting physiology and behavior accordingly. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is found in microbe-rich environments; however, its responses to fungi are not extensively studied. Here we describe interactions of C. elegans and Penicillium brevicompactum, an ecologically-relevant mold. Transcriptome studies reveal that co-culture upregulates stress-response genes, including xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs), in C. elegans intestine and AMsh glial cells. The nuclear hormone receptors (NHR) NHR-45 and NHR-156 are key induction regulators, and mutants that cannot induce XMEs in the intestine when exposed to P. brevicompactum experience mitochondrial stress and exhibit developmental defects. Different C. elegans wild isolates harbor sequence polymorphisms in nhr-156, resulting in phenotypic diversity in AMsh glia responses to microbe exposure. We propose that P. brevicompactum mitochondria-targeting mycotoxins are deactivated by intestinal detoxification, allowing tolerance to moldy environments. Our studies support the idea that C. elegans NHR gene expansion/diversification underlies adaptation to microbial environments.
Monitoring the situation of children living in residential care: data gaps and innovations

Worldwide, an estimated 2.7 million children live in so-called orphanages or other residential care facilities. This figure is likely an underestimate, however, since many low and middle-income cou...
Solitary Plasmacytoma of Skull in 38 Year Old Woman - A Rare Case

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) is very rare and accounts for only 4% of all plasma cell tumours. It has significant higher risk for progression to multiple myeloma. We describe a case of SPB in 38 year old woman (Median Age is 55 years and male preponderance) with 4 months history of painless swelling in right parietal region of skull. Clinical examination was normal and investigations revealed radiological solitary lesion with plasma cells on biopsy of the lesion. On further evaluation Immunoelectrophoresis, bone marrow aspiration, serum calcium, urine for Bence Jones proteins were all normal with Immunohistochemistry positive for CD 138 and Lambda light chains which confirmed our diagnosis. The level of β2 microglobulin was raised (2.11) mg/dl.
A Compute Capable SSD Architecture for Next-Generation Non -volatile Memories /

Existing storage technologies (e.g., disks and flash) are failing to cope with the processor and main memory speed and are limiting the overall performance of many large scale I/O or data-intensive applications. Emerging fast byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, such as phase-change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque memory (STTM) and memristor are very promising and are approaching DRAM-like performance with lower power consumption and higher density as process technology scales. These new memories are narrowing down the performance gap between the storage and the main memory and are putting forward challenging problems on existing SSD architecture, I/O interface (e.g, SATA, PCIe) and software. This dissertation addresses those challenges and presents a novel SSD architecture called XSSD. XSSD offloads computation in storage to exploit fast NVMs and reduce the redundant data traffic across the I/O bus. XSSD offers a flexible RPC-based programming framework that developers can use for application development on SSD without dealing with the complication of the underlying architecture and communication management. We have built a prototype of XSSD on the BEE3 FPGA prototyping system. We implement various data-intensive applications and achieve speedup and energy efficiency of 1.5-8.9x and 1.7-10.27x respectively. This dissertation also compares XSSD with previous work on intelligent storage and intelligent memory. The existing ecosystem and these new enabling technologies make this system more viable than earlier ones
A Few Comments from Bryce DeWitt

Professional letters will be stored in the DeWitts’ archives at The University of Texas at Austin Center for American History. The following letter has been chosen for inclusion (names withheld) in these memoirs because it talks about non-specialists making physics theories on topics that strike their fancies, but who do not have a solid technical knowledge of the subject. This letter may be of interest to a larger public than other letters.
RE-EXAMINING THE ABM MORATORIUM

The argument of this essay is that current U.S. strategic postures and weapons systems, based essentially on mutual assured destruction (MAD), are defective, in that they over-deter and under-defend. MAD provides far more than sufficient deterrence against deliberate, full-scale nuclear war launched by the government of the Soviet Union, but provides little deterrence and no defense against the far more likely nuclear catastrophe of the future: an accidental, unauthorized, or third-party missile attack. The proposed solution is the reintroduction of superpower ABM (anti-ballistic missile) protection, on a limited, negotiated basis, which could provide defensive systems heavy enough to defend against light attacks but not heavy enough to defend against full-scale superpower attacks (and thereby undermine deterrence).
Effects of Feedstock Components on Municipal Solid Waste Pyrolysis

Experimental pyrolysis studies using mixtures of municipal solid waste (MSW) components and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) pellets are reported. The objective of the work is to develop a scientific data base that will support the development of economic engineering processes for the thermochemical conversion of MSW into clean gaseous and liquid fuels.
Habitat Survey and Sampling Designs

Habitat measurements will always be an important component of ecological studies. Traditionally, researchers have used methods applied to relatively small areas using either plot-based or plotless methods. Variables such as percent cover, density, and biomass are commonly used together as a means of quantifying habitat in a particular area. The efficacy of habitat measurements depends on observer effects, vegetation form, and spatial pattern, and the scale at which measurements are made. In all cases, choice of variables and measurement techniques directly impact accuracy of results and must be carefully considered prior to data collection. Regardless of technique, random sampling strategies such as simple or stratified designs are essential for valid statistical inference. Recent advances in satellite and radar technology have resulted in a myriad of additional methods for collecting and analyzing habitat data. Such technology has also altered the scale and types of questions being asked. However, these technological advances are not without error and still require careful use and in many cases, ground-truthing. Keywords: habitat; plotless; quadrat; remote sensing; vegetation
The Measurement of Personal Self-Efficacy in Preparing for a Hurricane and Its Role in Modeling the Likelihood of Evacuation

Storm surges require that coastal residents make necessary preparations and evacuate the coast prior to hurricane landfall. An important individual characteristic in preparing for tropical cyclones is hurricane personal self-efficacy. Coastal residents who believe that it is possible to prepare for and evacuate ahead of a hurricane (hurricane response possibilities) and, further, believe that they personally can prepare and evacuate (hurricane personal self-efficacy) will be better prepared for hurricanes. In this study the author used a sample of 334 people to evaluate an 8-item self-report measure, the Hurricane Personal Self-Efficacy Scale (HPSES). This measure can be used to assess beliefs that it is possible in general to prepare for a hurricane and that the respondent him or herself can make these preparations and evacuate ahead of a hurricane. A factor analysis confirmed that the items measured two characteristics: (1) beliefs that is it possible for people in general to prepare for a hurricane; and (2) beliefs that the respondent personally could prepare for a hurricane and evacuate. The author also examined the functionality of the measure within a framework that was informed by Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Hurricane response possibility beliefs, prior experiences with hurricane evacuation and hurricane-related property damages, and a tendency for people to sense and observe the weather were all predictive of personal self-efficacy in preparing for hurricanes, R2adj = 0.36. In operationalizing other constructs associated with PMT using weather-related psychological measures in a path analysis model, it was found that personal self-efficacy, fear of consequences of the severe and extreme weather, and appraisal of the threats posed by behaviors that could result in injury or death during severe weather together predicted the self-reported likelihood of evacuating, R2adj = 0.26. The implications of the study for coastal engineers and planners, ways of increasing hurricane personal self-efficacy in preparing for hurricanes, and the study's limitations are discussed.
A Repository System with Secure File Access for Collaborative Environments

Collaborative computing environments which allow remote execution of applications, need a remote storage facility that supports shared access to the software resources required for computation. In this context, there is also a need to guarantee authorized and secure access to the shared resources. This paper investigates the use of a repository system in collaborative computing environments and discusses techniques to provide privacy, user authentication and access control to the repository using certificates. A protocol based on SSL is developed for query processing. The IceT environment is used as an exemplar for the application of the secure repository system.
Trust and communication: Mechanisms for increasing farmers' participation in water quality trading

Trust and communication barriers have contributed significantly to the lethargic performance of many point-nonpoint source water quality trading programs—farmers are often reluctant to participate despite direct financial incentives— yet the literature lacks a comprehensive investigation of how the social context affects trading outcomes.We draw on social embeddedness theory to analyze three mechanisms of communicating with farmers and conduct a case study analysis of 12 water quality trading programs. We find that employing trustworthy third parties or embedded ties may reduce farmers’ reluctance to participate, although the most effective mechanism ultimately depends on local conditions and program objectives.
STAT3‑regulated long non‑coding RNAs lnc‑7SK and lnc‑IGF2‑AS promote hepatitis C virus replication

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs that do not code protein but are important in diverse biological processes. In previous years, with the application of high-throughput sequencing, a large number of lncRNAs associated with virus infections have been identified and intensively investigated, however, there are few studies examining the association between lncRNAs and HCV replication. Previous studies have demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in turn increases the replication of HCV. However, the detailed molecular mechanism is only partially understood. In the present study, using human lncRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays, it was identified that lnc-IGF2-AS, lnc-7SK, lnc-SChLAP1 and lnc-SRA1 are upregulated by STAT3. In addition, among these four lncRNAs, only lnc-IGF2-AS and lnc-7SK were involved in HCV replication. Transfection of siRNA lnc-7SK and siRNA lnc-IGF2-AS partially inhibited the replication of HCV in Huh7 cells. Data also indicated that when transfected with siRNA lnc-7SK and siRNA lnc-IGF2-AS, the expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), which was identified to be associated with HCV replication, was reduced. Thus, the present study identified two new types of lncRNAs, lnc-IGF2-AS and lnc-7SK, which can be upregulated by STAT3 and are involved in HCV replication by regulating PI4P.
The Situation Has Clearly Changed: So What Are We Going to Do About It?

Abstract Although cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been an enormous empirical and practical success over its 50 + year history, the situational factors that led to its success are changing. In this paper I briefly summarize the history of CBT, and list a number of current challenges that could be dangerous to the future health of CBT if they are ignored or mishandled. I make six recommendations that I believe will be of help going forward: focusing on theory and basic principles; embracing transdiagnostic thinking even more strongly; abandoning syndromal classification once and for all; creating a functional diagnostic system with treatment utility; integrating biology into behavioral science by aligning with modern multidimensional, multilevel evolution science; and becoming more serious about delivery systems. The future of CBT could be exciting if we are able to adjust to changing conditions in a flexible way.
In vitro nucleotide misinsertion opposite the oxidized guanosine lesions spiroiminodihydantoin and guanidinohydantoin and DNA synthesis past the lesions using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment).

The low redox potential of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), a molecule regarded as a marker of oxidative damage in cells, makes it an easy target for further oxidation. Using a temperature-dependent method of synthesis, the oxidation products of OG, guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and/or its isomer iminoallantoin (Ia) as well as spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), have been site-specifically incorporated into DNA oligomers. Single nucleotide insertion and primer extension experiments using Escherichia coli Kf exo- DNA polymerase were carried out under “standing start” and “running start” conditions in various sequence contexts. dAMP and dGMP were found to be inserted opposite these OG oxidation products. Steady-state kinetic studies show that the Gh/Ia·G base pair yields a lower Km value compared to the Sp·G pair or X·A (X = Gh/Ia or Sp). Running start experiments using oxidized and unoxidized OG-containing templates showed enhanced full extension in the presence of all four dNTPs. A sequence preference for efficiency of e...
"How to Manage" Series for Healthcare Technology

Up until now there have been limited resources written for healthcare provider organizations that detail the daily healthcare technology management procedures at health facility and health authority level. Now a series of six guides has been produced through collaboration between researchers in Europe, international bodies, and reviewers from many developing countries, in order to identify best practice in this field. The wide target audience and broad subject matter was a difficult brief, and innovative writing, editing and design strategies were required to successfully fulfil it.
Evolutionary relationships of the glucokinase from the amitochondriate protist, Trichomonas vaginalis.

Abstract Two genes coding for Trichomonas vaginalis glucokinase were isolated and sequenced. The putative translation products have molecular masses of 41584 and 41772 Da, corresponding to 375 and 377 amino acids, respectively. These values agree with data determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for the enzyme purified from the organism. The two sequences showed 78% amino acid identity. The sequences and their phylogenetic reconstruction show that they are members of a glucokinase/fructokinase protein family found in eubacteria and also in the eukaryote Giardia lamblia and are only distantly related to typical eukaryotic hexokinases. The results indicate that the evolutionary past of this enzyme, catalyzing the first step of glycolysis in T. vaginalis, is different from that of the enzyme performing this key role in almost all other eukaryotes.
Counseling Parents of Children Who Stutter

To create a verbal environment that facilitates children’s speech fluency, parents of children who stutter may need to rely on suggestions from speech-language pathologists. However, it appears tha...
Comparison of electrophysiological spatial pattern changes in short-and long-term learning

In cognition, sensation - "the activity of a sense organ and closely connected nerve structures" - is followed by perception - "the meaningful impression of any object obtained by use of the senses" (Webster). Brains perform the microscopic sensory processes of extracting and processing information from the world. They have been well modeled with cellular neural networks (CNN) by modifying connections in reinforcement learning. Brains perform the mesoscopic perceptual processes of categorizing the information and constructing its meaning by using distributed memories. Perception requires a different topology than CNN, which is provided by random graph theory. Correspondingly cerebral cortex has two kinds of networks that learn. The sensory and motor cortices contain numerous, highly specialized, local networks that are tuned by local, rapid, short-term learning to select features in the input and bind them into sustained discharges of microscopic cell assemblies. These local systems are embedded in brain-wide, scale-free, mesoscopic feedback connections that learn slowly in consolidation. The distributed architecture integrates sensory input with selected memories into sequences of large-scale, distributed neural activity patterns that express meanings of sensory information. The patterns resemble cinematographic frames. The construction of each frame is by a phase transition. The brain topology, process, and activity patterns may be modeled by embedding multiple CNN in a large-scale random graph. That is neuropercolation; its goal is to provide a superior alternative to differential equations, which are now used to model perception.
The concept of a generalised lattice correspondence

Proposes that a certain degree of the atomic movements can be advocated for explaining the crystallography of some shear-like transformations. Generalizes the concept of a lattice correspondence in order to account for the degree of independence. Emphasizes that one of the most significant concepts which appear to be inherent to a martensitic transformation is that of a lattice correspondence. Attempts to correct some misinterpretations of the theory. Stresses the statistical nature of the approach and analyzes various physical aspects related to that kind of analysis. Points out that the great advance of the generalized correspondence relative to the classical approaches is that the smearing out of the I planes will produce a complete compensation of the anisotropic changes during the D lattice construction in most of the crystal.
Six-Year Predictors of Problems in a National Sample: III. Transitions to Young Adult Syndromes

ABSTRACT Objective To test developmental paths from adolescent syndromes and other candidate predictors to young adult syndromes. Method A national sample assessed at ages 13 through 16 and 16 through 19 years was reassessed at 19 through 22 years in terms of six syndromes derived empirically from parent and self-reports, two syndromes derived only from parent reports, and one derived from self-reports. Results Several young adult syndromes were similar to adolescent syndromes and were strongly predicted by these syndromes. A new syndrome designated as Shows Off and an adult Aggressive Behavior syndrome were both predicted by the adolescent Aggressive Behavior syndrome. This indicates a developmental transition away from overt aggression among some aggressive youths but not others. A syndrome designated as Irresponsible was predicted by the adolescent Attention Problems syndrome and may be an adult phenotype of attention deficit disorder. Surprisingly, attention problems were associated with more diverse problems among females than males. Conclusions There are strong predictive relations from adolescent to adult syndromes. Sex differences in predictive paths argue against basing assumptions about both sexes on findings for one sex.
The peroxisome proliferator phenylbutyric acid (PBA) protects astrocytes from ts1 MoMuLV-induced oxidative cell death

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and HIV neuroAIDS. In this study, we have investigated an agent, phenylbutyric acid, that ameliorates cell death in murine astrocytes infected with ts1 MoMuLV (ts1). Phenylbutyric acid, an aromatic short chain fatty acid, was shown to prevent the loss of catalase that occurs in ts1 infected astrocytes, and to prevent ts1-mediated cell death. Cell cotransfection studies demonstrated that phenylbutyric acid activates peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPARs) in astrocytes, and binds to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ. This observation suggests that the effects of PBA may be mediated by PPARs in astrocytes. Phenylbutyric acid also maintained catalase protein levels in brain of ts1-infected mice, and delayed the hindlimb paralysis caused by ts1 infection. Because PBA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and prevents loss of catalase, we suggest that ts1-induced oxidative stress in infected astrocytes that is alleviated by PBA is mediated via PPARα and/or PPARγ.
Effect of age on sensitivity to pain and brain opiate receptors

Age-related differences in sensitivity to pain as induced by heat and electrical shock were seen among groups of rats; 2-3, 6-12, and 24 months of age. These are differences were at least partially obliterated by naloxone treatment, suggesting that changes may occur in the endogenous opioid system during aging. In contrast to higher pain thresholds in older animals, however, are decreased concentrations of opiate receptors in the frontal poles, striatum and hippocampus. Anterior cortex and amygdala exhibit a trend toward decreased concentration with increased age, but this is not significant. No age changes in binding affinity occur in any of the brain regions examined. Possible explanations for the apparent discrepancy between altered receptors and response include: higher endogenous opioid levels in aged rats, mediation of pain sensitivity by brain regions other than those examined, difficulties inherent in attempting to localize age changes at a single step in such a complex process, and possibly differential spinal pathways mediating the various types of pain.
Bilateral occurrence of dental caries; a study in Oregon State College freshman students.

Abstract An analysis of data from dental examination records of 540 freshman students of 17, 18, and 19 years of age attending Oregon State College produced the following results: 1. 1. The phenomenon of bilaterally equal occurrence of dental caries, expressed in terms of DMF teeth (Decayed, Missing, Filled), has been strikingly demonstrated. 2. 2. It was shown that this characteristic peculiar to caries attack can be utilized profitably in the field of public health dentistry as a simplified but accurate technique for measuring the dental status and dental needs of large population groups.
Randomized trial of an intervention to facilitate recycling for relapsed smokers.

Background Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition requiring repeat treatment and long-term follow-up. However, current evidence regarding best approaches to providing these services is fairly limited. This study assessed the effectiveness of an intervention for increasing repeat tobacco-dependence treatment in a population of relapsed smokers. Design The study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Setting/participants Patients aged 19 and older receiving a prescription for nicotine replacement therapy or bupropion for smoking cessation in 2002 at one of five participating Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities were eligible. Intervention A total of 1900 eligible veterans were randomized to (1) patient phone call to assess smoking status, quit challenges, and treatment preferences, and computerized progress note to providers communicating this information (intervention); or (2) usual care (control). Main outcome measures Outcomes, assessed in 2003, included the proportion of patients receiving repeat pharmacologic or behavioral smoking-cessation treatment in the 6-month follow-up period (assessed from VA pharmacy and outpatient data), 7-day point prevalence abstinence, and satisfaction (assessed by patient survey). Results Thirty-four percent of intervention participants versus 22% of controls received treatment for tobacco dependence in the follow-up period (p =0.0001). Thirty-two percent of intervention participants versus 21% of controls received pharmacologic treatment (p =0.0001), and 12% of intervention subjects versus 8% of controls received behavioral treatment (p =0.005). Abstinence rates at follow-up were 25% for intervention subjects and 22% for controls (p =0.15). Intervention subjects were more likely than controls to report being satisfied with the general smoking-cessation help (87% vs 82%, p =0.01), as well as the pharmacologic help that they received from the VA (89 vs 84%, p =0.01). Conclusions The intervention significantly increased repeat treatment rates and satisfaction with services but did not have a significant effect on abstinence rates.
Perturbation of the electrical discharge in a uniform, thermionic plasma due to a viscous boundary layer

Abstract The influence of the viscous boundary layer on the electrical discharge in the channel of an MHD generator is investigated. It is found that the additive voltage necessary to maintain the electrical current density owing to the boundary layer is small under typical conditions encountered in MHD generators. It is concluded that the influence of the viscous layer is small compared with that of the ohmic resistivity of the non-viscous part of the plasma flow.
Marketing the Tropical Playground: Issues of Exclusion and Development in Miami's Imagery

Miami's marketers have a long and successful history of creating and recreating imagery that draws visitors towards the 'magic city' or the 'tropical playground.' This paper investigates Miami's marketing from an historical perspective by examining the role and legacy of various discourses emanating from powerful city actors over the past century. Spatial analysis including spatial autocorrelation and Local Moran's I are conducted to investigate further Miami's geographical segregation. The findings suggest that unequal, segregating and exclusive discourses have become so normalized within Miami's marketing and political structure that change is becoming increasingly difficult as attitudes institutionalize further. Using a discourse analysis set around a framework of social exclusion and adverse incorporation, and semi-structured interviews, this paper also examines the current spatial formation of the city with insights from leading figures in Miami's marketing industry to suggest that the right to the city is still a distant dream for Miami's other neighborhoods and populations.
Curvature singularity as a vertex operator

Abstract The 2d theory of free massless bosons, as an example of CFT, is discussed on a manifold with a point-like singularity in the curvature. We argue that such a singularity can be represented as a non-local vertex operator inserted in the theory. This representation makes it possible to get all the correlation functions. It is shown how the presence of a “needle” in the geometry of the surface produces a breakdown of the conformal symmetry. Examples of the correlators are derived.
Synthesis of endo,exo-1,2,3,4,11,11-hexachlorotricyclo[6.2.1.05,10]-undec-2-en-7,8-dicarboxylic acid N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)imide

Apreparation method was developed for endo,exo-1,2,3,4,11,11-hexachlorotricyclo-[6.2.1.05,10]undec-2-ene-7,8-dicarboxylic acid N-tribromophenylimide by acylation of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline with this acid anhydride. The structure of imide obtained was proved by IR spectrum, TLC method, and by independent synthesis.
Steady state phosphorus mass balance model during hemodialysis based on a pseudo one-compartment kinetic model.

PURPOSE Mathematical models of phosphorus kinetics and mass balance during hemodialysis are in early development. We describe a theoretical phosphorus steady state mass balance model during hemodialysis based on a novel pseudo one-compartment kinetic model. METHODS The steady state mass balance model accounted for net intestinal absorption of phosphorus and phosphorus removal by both dialysis and residual kidney function. Analytical mathematical solutions were derived to describe time-dependent intradialytic and interdialytic serum phosphorus concentrations assuming hemodialysis treatments were performed symmetrically throughout a week. RESULTS Results from the steady state phosphorus mass balance model are described for thrice weekly hemodialysis treatment prescriptions only. The analysis predicts 1) a minimal impact of dialyzer phosphorus clearance on predialysis serum phosphorus concentration using modern, conventional hemodialysis technology, 2) variability in the postdialysis-to-predialysis phosphorus concentration ratio due to differences in patient-specific phosphorus mobilization, and 3) the importance of treatment time in determining the predialysis serum phosphorus concentration. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a steady state phosphorus mass balance model can be developed based on a pseudo one-compartment kinetic model and that predictions from this model are consistent with previous clinical observations. The predictions from this mass balance model are theoretical and hypothesis-generating only; additional prospective clinical studies will be required for model confirmation.