cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave dielectric properties of dry rocks

The use of a combination of several measurement techniques to investigate the dielectric properties of 80 rock samples in the microwave region is discussed. The real part of the relative dielectric constant epsilon ' was measured in 0.1-GHz steps from 0.5 to 18 GHz, and the imaginary part epsilon " was measured at five frequencies extending between 1.6 and 16 GHz. In addition to the dielectric measurements, the bulk density was measured for all the samples and the bulk chemical composition was determined for 56 of the samples. This study shows that epsilon ' is frequency-independent over the range of 0.5-18 GHz for all rock samples, and that the bulk density rho /sub b/ accounts for about 50% of the observed variance of epsilon '. For silicate rocks, as much as 78% of the observed variance of epsilon ' may be explained by the combination of density and the fractional contents of various oxides determined by X-ray fluorescence when the silicates are subgrouped by genesis. In contrast, the loss factor epsilon " decrease with increasing frequency for most rock samples. It was not possible to establish statistically significant relationships between epsilon " and the measured density of the rock samples. However, in the case of silicate rocks, 60% of the variance in epsilon " generally can be explained by the bulk chemical composition when the silicates are subgrouped by genesis. >
Cd8− T Cell Transfectants That Express a High Affinity T Cell Receptor Exhibit Enhanced Peptide-Dependent Activation

T cells are activated by binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complex (pMHC) expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Various models have predicted that activation is limited to a narrow window of affinities (or dissociation rates) for the TCR–pMHC interaction and that above or below this window, T cells will fail to undergo activation. However, to date there have not been TCRs with sufficiently high affinities in order to test this hypothesis. In this report we examined the activity of a CD8-negative T cell line transfected with a high affinity mutant TCR (KD = 10 nM) derived from cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone 2C by in vitro engineering. The results show that despite a 300-fold higher affinity and a 45-fold longer off-rate compared with the wild-type TCR, T cells that expressed the mutant TCRs were activated by peptide. In fact, activation could be detected at significantly lower peptide concentrations than with T cells that expressed the wild-type TCR. Furthermore, binding and functional analyses of a panel of peptide variants suggested that pMHC stability could account for apparent discrepancies between TCR affinity and T cell activity observed in several prior studies.
The R1162 Mob Proteins Can Promote Conjugative Transfer from Cryptic Origins in the Bacterial Chromosome

The mobilization proteins of the broad-host-range plasmid R1162 can initiate conjugative transfer of a plasmid from a 19-bp locus that is partially degenerate in sequence. Such loci are likely to appear by chance in the bacterial chromosome and could act as cryptic sites for transfer of chromosomal DNA when R1162 is present. The R1162-dependent transfer of chromosomal DNA, initiated from one such potential site in Pectobacterium atrosepticum, is shown here. A second active site was identified in Escherichia coli, where it is also shown that large amounts of DNA are transferred. This transfer probably reflects the combined activity of the multiple cryptic origins in the chromosome. Transfer of chromosomal DNA due to the presence of a plasmid in the cytoplasm describes a previously unrecognized potential for the exchange of bacterial DNA.
Effects of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise During and Following Cancer Treatment in Women

Weight gain is common during and following cancer treatment and contributes to many adverse health consequences and increased risk of recurrence for cancer survivors. The purpose of this longitudinal randomized controlled trial was to compare differences in weight change and body composition among newly diagnosed cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy who were randomly assigned to usual care control, aerobic exercise, or resistance exercise interventions. It was hypothesized that cancer survivors become more sedentary during treatment, leading to positive energy balance that in turn worsens body composition. One hundred one subjects completed the 12-month study. Data collected included body composition (body weight and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan), aerobic capacity (12-minute walk), and muscle strength (1 repetition maximum). Aerobic exercisers were found to have significant improvements in body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle strength. Resistance exercisers also benefitted, but were less compliant with the intervention over time. Thus, exercise during and following cancer treatment is an important intervention to maintain and perhaps improve body composition of cancer survivors, which may improve survival, reduce comorbidities, and improve quality of life.
Rules for Investigating Cost Variances

Several writers have suggested quality control procedures in order to determine when an observed variance of actual cost from standard cost should be investigated in order to determine if the variance is due to non-standard performance. These procedures do not explicitly consider the cost of an investigation and the benefits derived from discovering and correcting the cause for the variance. The purpose of this paper is to indicate how these costs may be made a part of the decision to investigate a given cost variance.
Analysis of Relationships Between Solid-State Properties, Counterion, and Developability of Pharmaceutical Salts

The solid-state properties of pharmaceutical salts, which are dependent on the counterion used to form the salt, are critical for successful development of a stable dosage form. In order to better understand the relationship between counterion and salt properties, 11 salts of procaine, which is a base, were synthesized and characterized using a variety of experimental and computational methods. Correlations between the various experimental and calculated physicochemical properties of the salts and counterions were probed. In addition to investigating the key factors affecting solubility, the hygroscopicity of the crystalline salts was studied to determine which solid-state and counterion properties might be responsible for enhancements in moisture uptake, thus providing the potential for adverse chemical stability. Multivariate principal components and partial least squares projection to latent structures analyses were performed in an attempt to establish predictive models capable of describing the relationships between these characteristics and both measured and calculated properties of the counterion and salt. Some success was achieved with respect to modeling crystalline salt solubility and the glass transition temperature of the amorphous salts. Through the modeling, insight into the relative importance of various descriptors on salt properties was achieved. The solid-state properties of crystalline and amorphous salts of procaine are highly dependent on the nature of the counterion. Important properties including aqueous solubility, melting point, hygroscopicity, and glass transition temperature were found to vary considerably between the different salts.
Crystal Growth and Solute Trapping

A simple model for solute trapping during rapid solidification is presented in terms of a single unknown parameter, the interfacial diffusivity Di. A transition from equilibrium segregation to complete solute trapping occurs over roughly an order of magnitude in growth speed, as the interface speed surpasses the maximum speed with which solute atoms can diffuse across the interface to remain ahead of the growing crystal. This diffusive speed is given by Di/λ, where λ is the interatomic spacing, and is typically of the order 10 meters per second. Comparison is made with experiment. The steady-state speed of a planar interface is predicted by calculating the free energy dissipated by irreversible processes at the interface and equating it to the available driving free energy. A solute drag term and an intrinsic interfacial mobility term are included in the dissipation calculations. Steady-state solutions are presented for Bi-doped Si during pulsed laser annealing.
A novel low complexity detector for MIMO system

We propose a space alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) aided List-BLAST detection scheme, which can achieve performance close to that of the maximum-likelihood detector with low computational complexity. The SAGE algorithm searches for the ML solution iteratively by resolving the interference among signals from different transmit antennas. To improve the probability of convergence to the ML solution, multiple initial points are used. The List-BLAST algorithm, which exhausts the constellation points in the first layers of a BLAST detection scheme, is shown to be an excellent way to generate initial points. The complexity of the proposed detection scheme is compared with that of the sphere detection scheme and it is shown to have a number of implementation advantages.
Windfall and Socially Distributed Willpower: The Psychocultural Dynamics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations in a Bengkulu Village

Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) occur in myriad forms around the world. ROSCAs promote sav- ing and make capital available. However, psychocultural fac- tors distinct from monetary concern make both the existence of ROSCAs possible and participation in them attractive. This ar- ticle analyzes the arisan, a ROSCA in Bengkulu, Sumatra. Psy- chocultural factors that inhibit mobility and prevent cheating make the arisan feasible. The arisan is popular because, through a process of socially distributed willpower congruent with familiar mechanisms of behavior regulation, it aids indi- viduals in overcoming a weak ability to defer gratification. The arisan also allows individuals to sidestep prescribed sharing by exploiting the same values of reciprocity. Part of the arisan's ap- peal lies in its ability to create rewarding experiences by evoking both the culturally marked event of obtaining a windfall and the related thrill of gambling. This analysis demonstrates that eco- nomic behavior must be understood in the context of the cultur- ally patterned motives that shape action.
Cooperating Teachers' Perceptions of a Collaborative, Standards-Based Secondary Education Program

Abstract This study examines the perspectives of cooperating classroom teachers regarding the Professional Block of a Secondary Education Program. A multi-step research design incorporated a survey instrument to ascertain cooperating teachers' perceptions of the importance of the Secondary Education Program standards, and semi-structured oral interviews were conducted to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the program as well as to obtain cooperating teachers descriptions of the collaborative aspects of the program. The review of summative assessment documents provided additional data regarding the cooperating teachers' perceptions of individual student accomplishment of the Secondary Education Program standards.
D-AKAP2, a novel protein kinase A anchoring protein with a putative RGS domain

Subcellular localization directed by specific A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) is a mechanism for compartmentalization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Using a two-hybrid screen, a novel AKAP was isolated. Because it interacts with both the type I and type II regulatory subunits, it was defined as a dual specific AKAP or D-AKAP1. Here we report the cloning and characterization of another novel cDNA isolated from that screen. This new member of the D-AKAP family, D-AKAP2, also binds both types of regulatory subunits. A message of 5 kb pairs was detected for D-AKAP2 in all embryonic stages and in all adult tissues tested. In brain, skeletal muscle, kidney, and testis, a 10-kb mRNA was identified. In testis, several small mRNAs were observed. Therefore, D-AKAP2 represents a novel family of proteins. cDNA cloning from a mouse testis library identified the full length D-AKAP2. It is composed of 372 amino acids which includes the R binding fragment, residues 333–372, at its C-terminus. Based on coprecipitation assays, the R binding domain interacts with the N-terminal dimerization domain of RIα and RIIα. A putative RGS domain was identified near the N-terminal region of D-AKAP2. The presence of this domain raises the intriguing possibility that D-AKAP2 may interact with a Gα protein thus providing a link between the signaling machinery at the plasma membrane and the downstream kinase.
Sustained High Rates Of Job Creation And Destruction In Substate Economies

Widely utilized net employment change statistics actually mask an extremely volatile process of job creation and destruction. In the past decade economists have addressed this problem by exploiting newly available longitudinal data series to estimate these job flows and the subsequent amount of job churning at the national, state and MSA level. This study is unique in that it uses an innovative technique to capture job flows within and between industries at the local area level where longitudinal BLS data series are not available. The geographic unit of analysis in this paper is a Cohesive Commercial Statistical Area™ (CCSA), a substate aggregate of cities and towns sharing common economic interests but not a Metropolitan Statistical Area. The paper examines job flows in two very different Massachusetts substate economies: the MetroWest CCSA, a technology sensitive research and development economy, and the South Shore CCSA, a mature economy with a competitive edge in financial services. This study establishes that a sizable portion of disaggregated job flows can be captured at a substate level using available employment data. Building upon techniques used in earlier studies, the authors confirmed very high levels of employment volatility, “job churning”, in both substate regions. The authors found that over two decades, job reallocation rates in MetroWest averaged 9%, affecting one out of 11 jobs annually. The study traced the pattern of job creation and destruction over the course of local business cycles and found that both job creation and destruction existed during all phases of the business cycle. Although, as expected, job creation dominated the expansion phase and destruction dominated the contraction phase, the total amount of job reallocation (creation plus destruction) remained relatively stable through all stages of the business cycle. However, the composition of the job reallocation varied dramatically by stage of business cycle. A Job Replacement Ratio has been developed as a quick test to confirm economic expansion or contraction and to focus economic development efforts.
Disinfection procedures for personnel and vehicles entering and leaving contaminated premises

Summary: Entry to and exit from contaminated premises - by animal health personnel, workers, owners, wildlife, insects, domestic animals and rodents present a risk of disease spread which demands constant attention. The least expensive means of controlling and eliminating the risk of introducing virus and bacteria involves maintaining constant biosecurity programmes. These documented biosecurity measures and procedures must never be compromised by anyone, including the owners of premises.
Silver–Carbon-Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites for Metal Contacts on Space Photovoltaic Cells

In this paper, multiwalled carbon nanotubes are being investigated for mechanical reinforcement of metal contacts on inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells. We have focused on a silver–carbon-nanotube layer-by-layer microstructure for this study. The silver layer is electrodeposited, and the carbon nanotube layer is deposited by various methods, including electrodeposition, nanospreading, and drop casting. To increase the adhesion strength to metal and achieve efficient metal nanotube stress transfer, carbon nanotubes are chemically functionalized with carboxylic or amine groups prior to deposition. The metal–carbon-nanotube composites are characterized mechanically and electrically through nanoindentation and strain failure tests. The strain failure tests show that the conductivity can be maintained up to 42-μm-wide microcracks in the composite layer, where the carbon nanotubes bridge the gap.
Visual Skin, Virtual Masks: Frantz Fanon’s Legacy and the Caribbean

This essay explores the question of Frantz Fanon’s relevance to the contemporary Caribbean in the context of his views, articulated in Peau noire, masques blancs and Les Damnes de la terre , on the psychological legacy of the violence of colonialism and his proposed solution for psychological and political decolonization. In the 21st century context, technological advances in the area of communication extend the promise of a brave new world, which minimizes or even erases the importance of an individual’s visual (visible) persona. Drawing on illustrations from his native land of Barbados, as a territory with a history of colonization similar to that of Fanon’s native Martinique, this author offers insights into Fanon’s importance to contemporary generations of Caribbean people emerging in the context of a globalized, virtual environment that, while diminishing the significance of the visual in relation to the skin color of individuals, tends to mask the persistence of new permutations of neo-colonial, racialized ideologies.
HPV vaccination: Population approaches for improving rates

ABSTRACTObjective: To review the literature on interventions to increase HPV vaccinations and assess whether The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommendations are supported by current ev...
Languages of Power: How the Saratov Bolsheviks Imagined Their Enemies

siege of the city duma in the provincial capital of Saratov in October, opposition forces began to contest Soviet power, which before long was reduced to Bolshevik and Left SR rule. As a result, the Saratov Soviet spent all of 1918-19 battling a variety of manifestations of discontent with the new political order. The calculus of civil war in the province involved the sustained threat to strategically located Saratov of White armies, which succeeded in striking against and taking the uezd (district) towns of Khvalynsk, Vol'sk, Serdobsk, Tsaritsyn, Balashov, Kuznetsk, and Kamyshin. Opposition from within the province proved every bit as formidable. Anti-Bolshevik forces, inspired by both the socialist and nonsocialist resistance, mobilized uprisings in all of the towns of Saratov province during the civil war; moreover, not a single uezd escaped the throes of peasant violence and resistance before this turbulent chapter in Russian history drew to a close. Revolution also resulted in a refashioning of the discourses or sets of ideas and symbols "used in the process of constituting meanings relevant to the struggle."2 Like the French revolutionaries in the late eighteenth century, the Bolsheviks created new political and social relations as well as divisions through their use of language, symbols, images, and everyday practices.3 This was particularly true of language, for political authority drew heavily on linguistic authority. As Keith
Experimental factors influencing hepatic metastases. XII. Effect of increased arterial blood flow.

Summary and ConclusionsPrevious studies demonstrated that a reduction in arterial blood supply to the liver resulted in an augmentation of experimentally induced hepatic metastases. It was concluded that the alteration of the “soil,” i.e., liver damage, subsequent to alteration of hepatic blood and oxygen supply was responsible. From the reported experiments it was demonstrated that following an increase in arterial blood supply to the liver via arterialization of that organ a similar increase in “take”and growth of tumor occurs which likewise may be related to hepatic trauma. From these observations it would seem unlikely that the susceptibility of the liver to metastases, when compared with other organs, might be due, as has been proposed, to its relatively poor oxygen supply.
Overview of Over-voltage Protection of Power Electronics Equipments

In this paper,some conventional equipments of over-voltage protection employed in high voltage power system such as protection gap,gap SiC varistor,gapless ZnO varistor (also called as Metal Oxidized Varistor,MOV) and so on,are summarized and compared with each other.The characters of the gapless MOV and thyristor mainly used for over-voltage protection are described respectively and briefly.Based on the development of the technology of over-voltage protection of Power Electronics (PE) equipment,for instance,High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) transmission,Static Var Compensator(SVC),Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) et al,all the schemes of over-voltage protection for such equipments are explained and classified in the view of the technology of over-voltage protection of PE equipment and based on PE equipment .The conclusion and outlook of the technology of over-voltage protection are provided at last.
Investigation and Analysis of One Imported Case With Repeatedly-relapsed Malignant Malaria

Objective Based on investigation of one imported case with repeatedly-relapsed malignant malaria and combined with literature analysis,the causes of relapsing and increasing of imported malignant malaria,as well as the adverse impact on eliminating malaria were both explored and reflected. Due to the significance of epidemiology,the disease deserves high attention.
Affinity-based separations and purifications. Patents and literature.

The separation and purification of biologically functional molecules (e.g., proteins, antibodies, peptides, hormones, low molecular weight biologicals) is of fundamental importance to biotechnology. Affinity separations have become a particularly attractive method for bioseparations due to their high degree of selectivity. Numerous affinity ligands have been prepared in recent years including lectins, nucleic acids, inhibitors, and immunoresponse agents. Furthermore, a variety of novel supports have been synthesized to aid in the development of commercially useful affinity separation systems. Recent US patents and scientific literature on affinity separations and purifications are surveyed. Patent abstracts are summarized individually and a list of literature references are given.
Extracting the most from terrestrial plant-derived n-alkyl lipids and their carbon isotopes from the sedimentary record: A review

Abstract Terrestrial plant biomarkers and their carbon isotopes provide insights into carbon cycling, paleovegetation and paleoclimate, ranging in scale from local to global. Over the past decade, considerable efforts have been made to constrain the factors that influence plant biomarkers and their carbon isotope composition to improve their utility for paleo applications. Global and regional replication of time intervals of great interest, such as during carbon cycle perturbations, has increased the need to compare among sites, but doing so has also complicated interpretation of carbon cycle perturbations due to the differences among records. This has led to questions regarding the fidelity of isotope records, the sensitivity of the isotope record to climate, and the best practices for reconciling records. But, at the same time, it has led to new exciting information on ecosystem responses to climate change. By removing competing influences of climate, ecosystem and biology, modern biomarker and isotope calibrations provide a means of reconciling and improving paleorecords and placing quantitative constraints on their interpretation. Here, we review the factors that influence the concentration of plant biomarkers and their carbon isotope composition and provide best practices for reconciling biomarker carbon isotope records for interpreting climate, ecosystem, and carbon cycling in the geologic past.
Asherman's Syndrome

Asherman's syndrome denotes the presence of adhesions or synechiae in the endometrial cavity resulting in infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions with or without amenorrhea.
Un/covering: Making Disability Identity Legible

This article examines one aspect of disability identity among people with non-apparent or "invisible" disabilities: the decision to emphasize, remind others about, or openly acknowledge impairment in social settings. I call this process "un/covering," and situate this concept in the sociological and Disability Studies literature on disability stigma, passing, and covering. Drawing on interviews with people who have acquired a non-apparent impairment through chronic illness or injury, I argue that decisions to un/cover (after a disability disclosure has already been made) play a pivotal role for this group in developing a strong, positive disability identity and making that identity legible to others. Decisions to pass, cover, or un/cover are ongoing decisions that stitch together the fabric of each person's daily life experiences, thus serving as primary mechanisms for identity negotiation and management.
Strategic growth option, uncertainty, and R&D investment

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of uncertainty on R&D investment. We find that firms invest more in R&D when they face higher uncertainty, as measured by idiosyncratic return volatility. We further show that the effect is more pronounced for firms in more competitive industries as well as for firms whose products have less market power. Overall, our findings support the theory of strategic growth option in which firms under competition follow preemptive strategy when they face high uncertainty.
Alcoholic Subjects With Anxiety Disorder

Data from a 6-month placebo-controlled, double-blind study of buspirone in alcohol-dependent subjects with generalized anxiety disorder were examined to determine if study completers and noncompleters differed on any identifiable characteristics. Twenty (29.9%) of 67 male veterans completed the 26-week protocol. An equal number (n = 10) of the completers were from each treatment condition. The completers had significantly fewer prior treatments and detoxifications and less heavy drinking in the month before the study than the noncompleters. Characteristics related to the severity of alcoholism may influence retention and medication compliance of alcohol-dependent subjects in pharmacologic treatment studies.
A Comparison of Sexual Side Effects of Antidepressants With and Without Naltrexone.

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the study was to compare the rate of sexual side effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine versus the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine and to examine the effect of co-prescription of naltrexone on sexual side effects among participants in a randomized clinical trial. Methods: This was a secondary analysis (N = 88) of veterans who participated in a 12-week trial. All veterans were randomized into one of four treatment groups: (a) desipramine/naltrexone, (b) desipramine/placebo, (c) paroxetine/naltrexone, and (d) paroxetine/placebo. The main outcome measure was the frequency of sexual side effects consisting of “decreased sex drive” and/or “impotence” reported by veterans at each weekly visit. Results: Approximately 61% of the veterans reported sexual side effects at least once during the trial, and 26.4% reported sexual side effects throughout the study. There were no significant differences in the frequency of sexual side effects among the four trea...
Physician Engagement in Improving Operative Supply Chain Efficiency Through Review of Surgeon Preference Cards.

Abstract Study Objective To reduce operative costs involved in the purchase, packing, and transport of unnecessary supplies by improving the accuracy of surgeon preference cards. Study Design Quality improvement study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting Gynecologic surgery suite of an academic medical center. Participants Twenty-one specialized and generalist gynecologic surgeons. Interventions The preference cards of up to the 5 most frequently performed procedures per surgeon were selected. A total of 81 cards were distributed to 21 surgeons for review. Changes to the cards were communicated to the operating room charge nurse and finalized. Measurements and Main Results Fourteen surgeons returned a total of 48 reviewed cards, 39 of which had changes. A total of 109 disposable supplies were removed from these cards, at a total cost savings of $767.67. The cost per card was reduced by $16 on average for disposables alone. Three reusable instrument trays were also eliminated from the cards, resulting in savings of approximately $925 in processing costs over a 3-month period. Twenty-two items were requested by surgeons to be available on request but were not routinely placed in the room at the start of each case, at a total cost of $6,293.54. The rate of return of unused instruments to storage decreased after our intervention, from 10.1 to 9.6 instruments per case. Conclusions Surgeon preference cards serve as the basis for economic decision making regarding the purchase, storing, packing, and transport of operative instruments and supplies. A one-time surgeon review of cards resulted in a decrease in the number of disposable and reusable instruments that must be stocked, transported, counted in the operating room, or returned, potentially translating into cost savings. Surgeon involvement in preference card management may reduce waste and provide ongoing cost savings.
Spin noise and damping in individual metallic ferromagnetic nanoparticles

We introduce a highly sensitive and relatively simple technique to observe magnetization motion in single Ni nanoparticles, based on charge sensing by electron tunneling at millidegrees Kelvin temperature. Sequential electron tunneling via the nanoparticle drives nonequilibrium magnetization dynamics, which induces an effective charge noise that we measure in real time. In the free spin diffusion regime, where the electrons and magnetization are in detailed balance, we observe that magnetic damping time exhibits a peak with the magnetic field, with a record long damping time of $\ensuremath{\simeq}10$ ms.
Reconnoitering the linkage between cardiovascular disease mortality and long-term exposures to outdoor environmental factors in the USA using remotely-sensed data.

ABSTRACTThis ecological study aimed to assess the association between long-term exposures to outdoor environmental factors and mortality rate from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a diverse and spat...
Embedded Clusters: A Viable Approach for Surfaces and Impurities

Formulation of physical problems in terms of localized orbitals has been utilized since the earliest days of quantum mechanics. Introduction and refinement of the Crystal Field (CF) model by VanVleck and others 1 laid the ground work for an atoms-in-solids theory which remains viable until today. Mulliken, among others, realized quite early that a Ligand Field Model which explicitly treats overlap and covalency effects between a central atom and its nearest neighbors offered good prospects for both semi-empirical and first principles approaches2 . With description of more distant atoms given by the simpler CF, the ligand field model already shows the main features of a modern cluster scheme: 1 A central region (I), which is described as accurately as possible, 2 A boundary region (II), where interactions with region I are treated more or less explicitly, but with less precision, and 3 An asymptotic region (III), where only the dominant features, typically the long range components of potentials are invoked.
Children of Adolescent Mothers: Cognitive and Behavioral Status at Age Six

The cognitive and behavioral status at age six years of 185 children of adolescent mothers (60.5% boys) were assessed using the mother (CBCL) and teacher (TRF) report forms of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Bracken Basic Concepts Scale. There was evidence for impairment in all areas of functioning. More than half of the sample exceeded the borderline clinical cutoff (T = 60) on either the CBCL or TRF Total Problem score, and nearly half the sample had Bracken scores that were more than 1 SD below the normative mean. Only 26.9% of the children were in the normal range on all three measures. These results are discussed in terms of implications for social work practice with children and adolescent mother families.
Understanding Long-Term Adoption and Usability of Wearable Activity Trackers Among Active Older Adults.

Many older adults do not sufficiently engage in physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle may pose a major health risk A recent survey showed that 71% of adults in the United States were overweight and obese between 2015 and 2016. To promote physical activities and reduce the risk of chronic diseases in older adults, an activity tracker is becoming a viable solution. However, adoption and long-term use of activity tracker are far less than a satisfactory level. This study conducted a 14-week longitudinal experiment to identify their adoption behaviors of activity trackers. We recruited 17 active senior adults who had no prior experience of the tracker use. Surveys about prior technology experience, affinity for technology interaction, and the attitude and usability of activity tracker adoption were given to the participants to identify perception on recent technology and to understand the adoption patterns and barriers to the acceptance of activity trackers. In addition, bi-weekly interviews were conducted to elicit older population-oriented usability and design issues. Results indicated that participants have a favorable view and interests of advanced smart technology, but they have not much recognized usefulness of activity data. Quantitative adoption scale also showed a flat or slightly decreasing pattern within two to three weeks before reaching to a satisfactory level. Participants reported major usability issues around activity tracker and interface designs, including data visualization and interpretation.
Chinese physician perceptions regarding industry support of continuing medical education programs: a cross-sectional survey.

ABSTRACTBackground: Industry funding in continuing medical education has been extensively studied in the USA. Although continuing medical education is also a requirement for Chinese physicians, lit...
Phenomena of Genetic Psychology (School of Geneva)

The theoretical scope of European genetic psychology, especially the French Phase, is reflected in the complex range of its experimental studies. We shall describe by the general term “genetic cosmology” the whole class of the resulting psychogenetic phenomena which comprise the following areas of the cognition of the external world: (a) the conception of natural objects and events; (b) the conception of space and time; (c) the conception of the relations between things (especially physical causality); (d) the conception of the qualitative dimension (including logical forms) and of the quantitative dimension (including matter and number). The task assigned to this chapter, then, will be to outline the formation of these cosmological conceptions on the basis of the observations of experimental genetic psychology. Accordingly, we shall describe in the following pages only the most representative studies. For the completeness and detail, which characterize the work of this psychological school, as well as for numerous other experiments, the reader may be referred to the writings of Piaget and other psychologists of the French Phase (cf. General Bibliography).
Prevalence of Treatment for Depression Among US Adults Who Screen Positive for Depression, 2007-2016.

This cohort study uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine changes in the prevalence of mental health treatment among US adults who screened positive for depression between 2007 and 2016.
Adaptive Sweeping Carrier Acquisition and Tracking for Dynamic Links with High Uplink Doppler

In this paper, we propose an adaptive sweep signal acquisition and tracking algorithm that (1) takes into account high-order uplink signal dynamics (Doppler shift, Doppler rate, Doppler acceleration), (2) dynamically adapts the carrier search direction (positive or negative in frequency error) and (3) dynamically adapts the carrier search step. The combination of (2) and (3) are the main innovation of this paper, since radios do not need to restart at its initial search state when the carrier is missed. This, in turn, minimizes the time required for carrier lock and thus makes the system more robust to the loss of lock failures. Note that the proposed system improves upon the frequency sweeping algorithm used in current flight radios (e.g., JPL's Electra and IRIS) which use constant search direction and search step. There are three motivating applications for our proposed system: Proximity links at Mars or the Moon, support of Multiple Access per Antenna at the Deep Space Network, and generation of Doppler measurements for navigation purposes. As indicated later in the paper, all these scenarios require spacecraft to establish highly dynamic links for which no Doppler compensation can be performed on the ground. Therefore, the receiver's ability to properly acquire and track the received carrier is paramount for transfer of information, relative positioning and navigation.
Phosphatidylglycerol Composition is Central to Chilling Damage in the Arabidopsis fab1 Mutant.

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fatty acid biosynthesis1 (fab1) mutant has increased levels of the saturated fatty acid 16:0, resulting from decreased activity of 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II. In fab1 leaves, phosphatidylglycerol, the major chloroplast phospholipid, contains >40% high-melting-point molecular species (HMP-PG; molecules that contain only 16:0, 16:1-trans, and 18:0 fatty acids)-a trait associated with chilling-sensitive plants-compared with <10% in wild-type Arabidopsis. Although they do not exhibit short-term chilling sensitivity when exposed to low temperatures (2°C to 6°C) for long periods, fab1 plants do suffer collapse of photosynthesis, degradation of chloroplasts, and eventually death. To test the relevance of HMP-PG to the fab1 phenotype, we used transgenic 16:0 desaturases targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum and the chloroplast to lower 16:0 in leaf lipids of fab1 plants. We produced two lines that had very similar lipid compositions except that one, ER-FAT5, contained high HMP-PG, similar to the fab1 parent, while the second, TP-DES9*, contained <10% HMP-PG, similar to the wild type. TP-DES9* plants, but not ER-FAT5 plants, showed strong recovery and growth following 75 d at 2°C, demonstrating the role of HMP-PG in low-temperature damage and death in fab1, and in chilling-sensitive plants more broadly.
The Use of Experts to Evaluate a Child Abuse Guideline in Community Emergency Departments.

Abstract Objective Guidelines and pathways exist to help frontline providers evaluate injured children for suspected child abuse. Little, however, is known about whether the decision-making resulting from these interventions is correct. Therefore, in the absence of an available gold-standard test, we used experts’ judgments to examine the appropriateness of these clinical decisions. We evaluated community emergency department (ED) providers’ adherence to a guideline recommending a child protection team (CPT) consultation for infants with injuries associated with abuse. We then compared providers’ decision-making to experts’ recommendations before and after guideline implementation. Methods Two experts conducted a blinded, retrospective review of injured infants from 3 community EDs (N = 175). Experts rated the likelihood that an injury was abusive, indeterminate, or accidental, and made recommendations that were compared with skeletal survey (SS) testing and child protective services (CPS) reporting by providers before and after guideline implementation. Results Postguideline implementation, there was a significant increase in CPT consultations in indeterminate cases (14.3% vs 72.2%, P Conclusions Providers consulted the CPT most often for indeterminate cases. SS testing was in line with expert recommendations, but CPS reporting diverged from expert recommendations. Interventions linking community ED providers with a CPT may improve the evaluation of infants with injuries concerning for abuse.
Testing for Asset Price Bubbles using Options Data

We present a new approach to identifying asset price bubbles based on options data. We estimate asset bubbles by exploiting the differential pricing between put and call options. We apply our methodology to two stock market indexes, the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq-100, and two technology stocks, Amazon and Facebook, over the 2014-2018 sample period. We find that, while indexes do not exhibit significant bubbles, Amazon and Facebook show frequent and significant bubbles. The estimated bubbles tend to be associated with high trading volume and earning announcement days. Since our approach can be implemented in real time, it is useful to both policy-makers and investors. As an illustration we consider two case studies: the Nasdaq dot-com bubble (between 1999 to 2002) and GameStop (between December 2020 and January 2021). In both cases we identify significant and persistent bubbles.
Educator Identity Formation: A Faculty Development Workshop

Introduction Health professions faculty members often struggle deciding on career paths balancing their identities as clinicians, educators, and scholars. Identity formation research has identified...
MRI Evaluation of Patients Before and After Interventions for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Update.

Please see the Editorial Comment by Baris Turkbey discussing this article. Transurethral resection of the prostate is the most commonly performed procedure for the management of patients with lower...
Adipocyte ACLY Facilitates Dietary Carbohydrate Handling and Protects Against Insulin Resistance in Females

Sugars and refined carbohydrates are major components of the modern diet. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is upregulated in adipocytes in response to carbohydrate consumption and generates acetyl-CoA for both lipid synthesis and acetylation reactions. Here we investigated the role of ACLY in the metabolic and transcriptional responses to carbohydrates in adipocytes, and unexpectedly uncovered a sexually dimorphic function in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. When fed a high sucrose diet, AclyFAT-/- females exhibit a lipodystrophy-like phenotype, with minimal fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation, while AclyFAT-/- males have only mild metabolic phenotypes. We find that ACLY is crucial for nutrientdependent ChREBP activation in adipocytes and plays a key role particularly in females in the storage of newly synthesized fatty acids in adipose tissue. The data indicate that adipocyte ACLY is important in females for the systemic handling of dietary carbohydrates and for the preservation of metabolic homeostasis.
Effectiveness of Dispute Resolution Councils in Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Study of Selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Background: Dispute resolution is the process through which conflicts, misunderstandings are handled. It is an effective process for smooth functioning of any sort of organization. It further helps in maintain peace in the society as well as organization. Objective: This study seeks to appraise and evaluate the effectiveness of Dispute Resolution Councils (DRCs) in the select districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: The effectiveness of ADR forums is gauged through magnitude of satisfaction and trust of beneficiaries accessing its services as well as affordability and timeliness of dispensation of justice to them. Findings: It was found that DRCs have become highly consequential to the peacemaking due to impartial setup and the provision of equal opportunity to parties involved in any case. Conclusion: Despite the overall success of DRCs, they are still affected by problems such a poor documentation, infrastructure, lack of training and most importantly the absence of any enforcement mechanism of their decisions. Implication: This study puts forth various reforms that may include the standardization of documents, provision of sufficient capital and adequate infrastructure, and auguring the role of these avenues to strengthen the implementation of their decisions.
Interspecies Politics: Nature, Borders, States: by Rafi Youatt, Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan Press, 2020, 208 pp., $65.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9780472131754

Rafi Youatt’s Interspecies Politics spans multiple disciplines. The book builds a compelling case to support a central claim: that international politics is, and has always been, a form of interspe...
Why Do Men Barbecue?: Recipes for Cultural Psychology

Introduction: Anti-Postculturalism (or, The View from Manywheres) 1. Who Sleeps by Whom Revisited (with Lene Balle-Jensen and William Goldstein) 2. The "Big Three" of Morality (Autonomy, Community, Divinity) and the "Big Three" Explanations of Suffering (with Nancy C. Much, Manamohan Mahapatra, and Lawrence Park) 3. Cultural Psychology of Emotions: Ancient and New (with Jonathan Haidt) 4. "What about Female Genital Mutilation?" And Why Understanding Culture Matters 5. The Return of the "White Man's Burden" and the Domestic Life of Hindu Women (with Usha Menon) 6. Culture and Mental Development in Our Poststructural Age 7. A Polytheistic Conception of the Sciences and the Virtues of Deep Variety 8. Fundamentalism for Highbrows: The Aims of Education Address at the University of Chicago Conclusion: From Manywheres to the Civilizing Project, and Back Notes References Acknowledgments Index
Effect of Paddle Design on Flocculation

Preliminary investigations demonstrate that paddle design may be a major contributing factor to the flocculation process. Laboratory tests using a solution of water with aluminum sulfate and sodium carbonate indicate that floc formation is affected by the following paddle parameters: (1) Surface roughness, (2) surface perforations, (3) paddle curvature, (4) surface area, and (5) paddle shape. A condition maintained throughout the entire test was a constant input of power through the paddles to the solution. The results indicate that especially surface perforations and certain degrees of surface roughness can significantly enhance the floc formation. It thus appears definite that the flocculation process may be more efficient with respect to the power input as a result of simple variations in the paddle design.
Anxiety and Phobias

Virtually all theoretical models or approaches to human behavior have dealt with children’s fears, phobias, or anxieties. Independent of theoretical orientation, fear is generally regarded as a basic human emotion that leads individuals to take protective action and that results in cognitive, behavioral, or physiological responses. All children experience fears that do not interfere with their daily functioning. In fact, these fears are typically viewed as an intregal part of normal development across most major theories of child development (Jersild, 1968; Jersild & Holmes, 1935; Morris & Kratochwill, 1983; Smith, 1979).