cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk, Protection, and Adjustment among Youth with Incarcerated and Non-Resident Parents: A Mixed-Methods Study

Parental incarceration has been increasingly recognized as a significant threat to the development and well-being of millions of American children and youth. After decades of documenting problems among youth with incarcerated parents, researchers have now started to emphasize the critical need for research on heterogeneity and competence in this population. Towards this end, we used a mixed-methods approach to identify different subgroups of youth with incarcerated and non-resident parents (n = 26) and to explore potential patterns of individual and family factors across groups. Cluster analysis suggested four different subgroups of youth that varied in the extent to which they exhibited behavior problems and competence. The majority of youth were classified as “adjusted” or “striving”, with comparatively few categorized as either “thriving” or “vulnerable”. Thematic analysis of qualitative data suggested that groups varied in terms of the extent to which they experienced economic and residential instability and challenges related to their social location, as well as caregiver positive expressiveness, agency, and social support. Results further indicated that although parental incarceration may be a part of an overall profile of risk, it does not appear to consistently distinguish youth separated from parents for different reasons in terms of patterns of adjustment and competence.
Fracture Toughness Measurement by Indentation Fracture Method at Elevated Temperature

Fracture toughness measured by indentation fracture method at elevated temperature up to 1200°C was investigated. Three Kinds of ceramic samples, such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide and alumina, were tested with using high temperature Vickers hardness tester. Vickers indent loads were 5kg and 10kg, and indent diagonal length and median crack length were measured. High temperature test was conducted in argon atmosphere. Chevron notched beam technique was used to obtain the values of fracture toughness for the reference. Young’s modulus and internal friction were measured by the mechanical resonance.
Healthcare Chaplaincy as a Companion Profession: Historical Developments

Chaplains, like professionals in a range of industries, have long sought to maintain and build occupational power by articulating their professional mandate and advocating for their work. I describe how leaders of the Association of Professional Chaplains and its predecessor organizations used multiple strategies to articulate and re-articulate their professional mandate between 1940 and the present to become a companion profession, one that comes alongside another without seeking to challenge its jurisdiction. I find chaplains seeking to develop an economic base, aligning interests across distinct segments of the profession and creating new professional associations, lobbying for legislative support, and offering their services in institutional voids. They further adopted the language of healthcare around questions of identity, charting, and accreditation and, chaplains used not just the frameworks but the methods of healthcare-evidence based research-to try to demonstrate their value. This history can help chaplains and chaplaincy leaders today to form a more comprehensive sense of their history and think more strategically regarding how to make the case for their profession going forward.
Epigenetic changes in preterm birth placenta suggest a role for ADAMTS genes in spontaneous preterm birth

Preterm birth (PTB) affects approximately 1 in 10 pregnancies and contributes to approximately 50% of neonatal mortality. However, despite decades of research, little is understood about the etiology of PTB, likely due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. In this study, we examined preterm and term placentas, from unassisted conceptions and those conceived using in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF increases the risk of PTB and causes epigenetic change in the placenta and fetus; therefore, we utilized these patients as a unique population with a potential common etiology. We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation in placentas from term IVF, preterm IVF, term control (unassisted conception) and preterm control pregnancies and discovered epigenetic dysregulation of multiple genes involved in cell migration, including members of the ADAMTS family, ADAMTS12 and ADAMTS16. These genes function in extracellular matrix regulation and tumor cell invasion, processes replicated by invasive trophoblasts (extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs)) during early placentation. Though expression was similar between term and preterm placentas, we found that both genes demonstrate high expression in first- and second-trimester placenta, specifically in EVTs and syncytiotrophoblasts. When we knocked down ADAMTS12 or ADAMTS16in vitro, there was poor EVT invasion and reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity, reinforcing their critical role in placentation. In conclusion, utilizing a population at high risk for PTB, we have identified a role for ADAMTS gene methylation in regulating early placentation and susceptibility to PTB.
A new Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from upland rain forest of northwestern Guyana

Miconia angustidentata, from upland rain forest in northwestern Guyana, is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared with its superficially similar species based on morphological features. It is characterized by its ovate to elliptic 3–5-nerved entire leaves; axillary clusters of 3–5 sessile mostly 5-merous flowers; sparse cover of minute stellate trichomes on abaxial foliar surfaces, hypanthia, and calyx lobes; conspicuous oblong calyx teeth that obscure calyx lobes at anthesis and in fruit; white oblong petals that lack a subapical mucro on the abaxial surface; white stamens with ventrally inclined anther pores; (4–) 5-locular superior ovary; and ovoid-pyramidal angulate seeds with an irregularly rugulate testa and a raphe that extends about 50% the length of the seed. A conservation assessment of Endangered is recommended for this species based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Drugs

This chapter introduces the reader to the classification of local anesthetics. It also discusses the mechanism of local anesthetics and how they are metabolized, as well as the side effects that can be encountered.
Reconsidering the Passive Diffusion Model of Steroid Hormone Cellular Entry.

Steroid hormones have long been thought to enter target cells via passive diffusion through the plasma membrane. Now, reporting in Developmental Cell, Okamoto et al. (2018) demonstrate that, at least for Drosophila, steroid hormones require a protein transporter for cellular entry.
Abstract P6-02-10: Early ultrasound evaluation for prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is molecularly heterogeneous disease. Genomic profiling to identify the distinct TNBC subtypes is costly with long turnaround time. Early ultrasound after two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has the potential to identify patients who are likely to have pathological complete response. Suspected non-responder patients can undergo comprehensive genetic testing and triaged for specific targeted therapeutic trials. Aim: To determine the value of ultrasound evaluation after two cycles of NAC to predict complete pathologic response in TNBC breast cancer patients. Methods: 98 patients enrolled in “A randomized triple Negative Breast Cancer Enrolling Trial to Confirm Molecular Profiling Improves Survival” (Artemis) at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center had ultrasound evaluation before treatment and after two cycles of NAC (Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide). Three-dimensional measurements of the tumor were obtained at baseline and after 2 cycles of the NAC. Change in the tumor volume after 2 cycles of NAC was calculated. Residual cancer Volume (RCB) was calculated based on the final histopathology at surgery. Linear regression analysis evaluated associations between residual cancer burden (RCB) and change in volume of the index tumor. Results: Median tumor size at diagnosis was 3 cm, range 0.6-11.9cm. Median size after two cycles was 2 cm, range 0.6-12.8 cm. RCB 0-I was seen in 55% of patients (54/98). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that of 22 patients with volume reduction >75%, 18 patients (82%) had RCB0-I (95%CI, 61%-93%). Conclusion: Our data suggest that ultrasound exam after 2 cycles of NAC can identify TNBC patients who are unlikely to respond to standard NAC. These non-responder TNBC patients can be triaged for additional genetic testing and subsequent targeted clinical trials. Study on the larger number of patients is currently on the way. Citation Format: Adrada BE, Candelaria R, Moulder S, Lane D, Santiago L, Arribas E, Hess KR, Valero V, Thompson A, Helgason T, Ravenberg E, Yang W, Rauch GM. Early ultrasound evaluation for prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-02-10.
Smooth Sliding Mode-Based MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic Applications

Given that the PV array has a nonlinear feature, it needs a robust Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to operate at the Maximum power point (MPP). This paper deals the MPPT algorithm using Smooth sliding mode (SSM). This algorithm is provided with an integral component to reduce the chattering phenomenon. It presents as a robust controller for nonlinear systems in particular, for PV array, since ensures higher accuracy compared with some MPPT controllers such as P&O controller and Incremental Conductance (IC). A Lyapunov function is used to ensure the stability of the proposed controller. Simulation results with different data scenarios are presented using software Matlab/Simulink, to investigate the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
StoryAssembler: an engine for generating dynamic choice-driven narratives

Choice-driven narratives, such as those created through systems like Twine, are a compelling form of interactive storytelling that have been around for many years. But as long as this form has existed, it has grappled with a persistent design problem: consistently presenting choices that feel both effective and relevant. Brute force can achieve the desired effect, but usually at the cost of prohibitively high authorial burden. To tackle this, generative approaches, such as Mawhorter's Dunyazad, facilitate authoring procedural choice content for reuse and recombination. However, many such systems, while successful on technical levels, have yet to to be used to author large enough structures to support a full game, and require a high technical threshold for authors to use. To further development in this space, we present StoryAssembler, an open source generative narrative system that creates dynamic choice-driven narratives. It formed a critical part of Emma's Journey, an interactive narrative game, the initial version of which was collaboratively authored by a team of six writers. In the course of the game's creation, useful authoring patterns and design lessons were learned, as well as techniques that made the system approachable for first-time users.
Future Challenges in the Modelling and Simulations of High-pressure Flows

The study of high-pressure turbulent combustion is a relatively new field in the realm of combustion studies. The coupling between the conservation equations and the equation of state is examined h...
2.08 – Magnetic Measurements

An interpretation of magnetic data requires a knowledge of both the types of magnetic measurements made as well as sound understanding of the theory of magnetism. This article aims to lead the inexperienced reader through the field of molecular magnetism, keeping the mathematical basis to a minimum while simultaneously trying to provide a conceptual understanding of the theories involved. The article starts with a discussion of isolated ions in order to explain the different contributions to the magnetic moment (spin, orbital, and total angular momentum). The discussion then moves on to the magnetic properties of clusters where magnetic communication (exchange coupling) is present including a discussion of exchange coupling mechanisms and an introduction to the field of single-molecule magnets which exhibit slow magnetic relaxation. The article concludes with a summary of the common types of magnetic long-range order and a few practical comments on sample handling.
A National Registry Analysis of the Association of Perioperative Regional Anesthesia with hospital length of stay following open reduction and internal fixation of the ankle.

Abstract Study objectives To evaluate if using regional anesthesia for post-operative pain control for patients who underwent ankle ORIF is associated with a decrease in length of stay. Design Multicenter retrospective cohort study. Setting Inpatient perioperative. Patients 12,468 inpatients (2007 to 2016) who received ankle ORIF with and without regional anesthesia for pain control. Interventions Regional Anesthesia for postoperative pain control. Measurements Hospital length of stay along with multiple covariates. Main results The median [quartiles] hospital length of stay of the non-regional anesthesia and regional anesthesia cohorts were 1 day [0, 2 days] and 0 days [0, 1 day], respectively (p Conclusion The use of regional anesthesia for post-operative pain control was associated with a decreased length of stay for patients undergoing ankle ORIF.
Emmanuel Levinas: The Ethics of “Face to Face”/The Religious Turn

In the preface to The Phenomenological Movement: A Historical Introduction, Herbert Spiegelberg acknowledges that the main innovation of the third edition to his work is the inclusion of a new chapter on Emmanuel Levinas. Spiegelberg states: Previously Levinas had been mentioned only in his historical role as one of the early links between French and German phenomenology and as a co-translator of Husserl’s Cartesian Meditations into French. Only a brief note in the Supplement had hinted at his independent philosophical development. Now his academic rise and an additional major work have made it clear that his thought and especially his original type of phenomenology call for fuller treatment. (xliii)
Research on Dynamic Identity Authentication Mechanism Based on Digital Signature

With the economic development of globalization, the widespread Internet and the continuous establishment of national informatization, information security has become the focus of the national security guarantee system. Identity authentication is the first line of defense of the network communication system and the network security portal. Cryptography is the core content of the information security system and is widely used in various applications such as network security and data security. As the cornerstone of network security, since passwords are easy to be stolen or lost, it is not safe to authenticate identity with static passwords alone. Therefore, dynamic identity authentication came into being. It effectively resists the main security threats and attacks faced by static password authentication, solves the main drawbacks of static password authentication technology, and effectively prevents replay attacks. In addition, dynamic identity authentication solves the problem of static passwords being stolen in the database or stolen during transmission, thereby preventing illegal users from intruding and accessing the system. This article first studies the principle of digital signature technology and the design idea of dynamic identity authentication, and combines the advantages of both to propose a new dynamic identity authentication system based on digital signature technology.
Effects of spinal coupling and marker set on tracking of spine models during running

Abstract Despite the wide-spread use of musculoskeletal simulations and its use in estimating spinal loads, much is not known about how to best collect experimental data for modelling purposes. The primary purposes in this study were to determine the effects of tracking of running motion capture data to a model (1) with and without coupling of lumbar spine segments, and (2) with varying combinations of spinal markers. Running trials were collected from 7 participants, with each at three different speeds. The motion data was fit to the Full-Body Lumbar Spine Model (FBLS) with coupling of the lumbar spine enabled (CS) and disabled and therefore rigid (RS) in OpenSim through the Inverse Kinematics tool (IK). Different combinations of markers were chosen as tracking inputs for IK to represent experimental data collection with different marker sets. Root-mean-square (RMS) marker errors of all 13 markers along the spine for each gait cycle were calculated. The CS model resulted in 23.7% lower errors than the RS model (p
Unified Current Mapping Framework for Mixed Finite Element Particle in Cell Methods

There has been significant recent effort to improve analysis of plasma physics particle in cell methods that use finite element methods for transient electromagnetic analysis. The challenge with any of these formulations is the mapping the charges and currents on the grid consistently so that charge is conserved as the particle distribution evolves in time. This work analyzes this challenge by determining the spatial and temporal requirements needed to satisfy the governing equations, and presents a unified approach for source representation on both primal and dual grids are presented. It is shown that the proposed approach leads to charge conserving scheme when combined with an appropriate time integration methods.
Leadership Styles in Participatory Ergonomics Programs: A Bibliometric Analysis:

Workplace participatory ergonomics (PE) programs may foster the prevention of injuries and illnesses as well as promote healthier behaviors and productivity among employees. Facilitating leadership...
Potential Traumatic Events through the Life Cycle in an Immigrant Population.

Existing studies on traumatic events focused on children, while it has been understudied in older adults. This study aims to examine prevalence, frequency, and severity of life events in older Chinese Americans. The data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in 2017–2019. Twenty life events were evaluated, including natural disasters, personal traumatic events, and historical events. Among 3125 participants, the mean age was 75.33 (standard deviation (SD) = 8.22) with 61.06% female. Cultural Revolution (73.27%) has the highest prevalence. A total of 1819 (58.39%) participants reported typhoon and experienced multiple times. Falsely accused of crime was reported as the most severe event. Women were more likely to report family-related life events. Those with higher education were more likely to report personal traumatic events. This study is among the first to profile life events in older Chinese Americans. Age cohorts, gender roles, and socioeconomic status shape individuals’ exposure to life events. This study could help identify which vulnerable groups have high risks of exposure to traumatic events.
A novel method measuring internalization in tumor cells by cell pretargeting

1560 Objectives: We have been investigating a pretargeting approach in which an antibody conjugated with a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (MORF) is administered before a radiolabeled complementary MORF (i.e. cMORF). Having been successful using the antiCEA antibody MN14 in LS174T tumors pretargeted in this manner, we are now considering the anti-PMSA antibody 3C6 in LNCaP cells as well as other antibody/cell pairs for this application. However, successful pretargeting of tumor requires that the antitumor antibody be accessible on the cell surface to the radiolabeled effector. Accordingly, a simple and accurate method of measuring the internalization properties of each antitumor antibody/cell pair under consideration for pretargeting studies would be welcome. Methods: After confirming the specificity of the anti-PMSA antibody 3C6 for the PSMA positive LNCaP cells, a pretargeting study was performed in culture by incubating the cells with MORF-3C6 for different times before the addition of 99mTc-cMORF. In parallel, the cells were also incubated at the same dosage and for the same time periods under identical conditions with MORF-3C6 radiolabeled by hybridization with the 99mTc-cMORF. Comparison of the radioactivity on cells in the two studies provided a means of establishing the percentage of antibody internalized and therefore unavailable for binding to the 99mTc-cMORF. Results: Under the conditions of this study, the cellular accumulation of 99mTc-cMORF plateaued at 1.3% within 30 min in the cell pretargeting study, but the cell associated radioactivity of 99mTc-3C6 gradually increased reaching 4.2% at 5 h. The difference of 2.9% therefore represents a 70% loss of antibody accessibility due to internalization. Over time, the internalization increased roughly at about 0.6% per hour. The significant loss of antibody expression due to internalization could explain our unsuccessful pretargeting study using the 3C6 antibody in BALB/c mice bearing LNCaP xenografts. Conclusions: A novel approach for measuring internalization of antitumor antibodies has been described that will be useful in assessing antibody/cell pairs in connection with pretargeting. This approach obviates the need in the conventional approach to dissociate cell bound antibody under harsh conditions such as exposure to glycine or other acidic washes.
Planting seeds of reflective practice

Abstract COVID-19 has forced educators to redesign courses for different delivery modalities. While this originally caused chaos for many faculty members, the continued need for flexibility has provided an opportunity to rethink how courses could best support students both during the pandemic and moving forward. A pre-licensure first semester fundamentals of nursing course changed from fully in-person to hybrid delivery. Adaptations were made with a focus on concepts of growth mindset and creating a supportive environment to foster early acquisition of reflection skills. Many of these adaptations can continue to be incorporated into a fundamental of nursing courses beyond the COVID-19 crisis.
Caffeic acid: an antioxidant with novel antisickling properties.

It is well documented that caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) (CA) interacts with and inhibits the oxidative reactions of myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb), and this interaction underlies its antioxidative action in meat. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is known for its tendency to oxidize more readily than normal HbA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which leads to a more persistent and highly oxidizing ferryl Hb (HbFe4+ ). We have investigated the effects of CA on HbS oxidation intermediates, specifically on the ferric/ferryl forms. At a low concentration of H2 O2 (0.5-fold over heme), we observed a fivefold reduction in the amount of HbFe4+ accumulated in a mixture of ferric and H2 O2 solution. Higher levels of H2 O2 (onefold and twofold over heme) led to a lesser threefold and twofold reduction in the content of HbFe4+ , respectively, possibly due to the saturation of the binding sites on the Hb molecule. The most intriguing finding was that when 5-molar excess CA over heme was used, and a considerable increase in the delay time of HbS polymerization to approximately 200 s was observed. This delay in polymerization of HbS is theoretically sufficient to avoid microcapillary blockage and prevent vasoconstrictions in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that CA was more extensively covalently bonded to βCys93 than to βCys112 and αCys104 . The dual antioxidant and antisickling properties of CA may be explored further to maximize its therapeutic potential in SCD.
Scanning Probe Tips for SPL

This chapter presents the required features of probe tips for scanning probe lithography (SPL) and some novel methods for tip fabrication. For both field-induced oxidation and electron exposure SPL, probe tips must be electrically conductive and sharp to enable field concentration at the tip apex. For field emission of electrons from the tips, the workfunction of the tip material is significant. In the case of feedback control of the emitted current, the tips should be tall to ensure a small cantilever-to-sample capacitance. In this chapter we give details on different tip varieties: (1) “standard” silicon or metal-coated tips, (2) post-processed silicon tips, and (3) carbon nanotubes as scanning probe tips.
Poverty in world history

Introduction 1. Poverty and Charity in the Pre-Modern World: Causes, Perceptions, and Strategies 2. Poverty in the Emerging Global Economy 3. Innovations in Early Modern Poor Relief 4. Industrialization, Imperialism, and World Poverty, 1750-1945 5. Poverty, Morality, and the State, 1750-1945 6. Poverty and Poor Relief after 1945. Conclusion
No Effect of Clot Age or Thrombolysis on Argatroban's Inhibition of Thrombin

The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of clot age and thrombolysis, with either streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), on argatroban's ability to inhibit thrombin. The antithrombotic activity of argatroban has been quantified in fibrin clot permeation and fibrin clot perfusion systems as a function of clot age and composition. Analysis of the argatroban dose-response data with a competitive inhibition model has yielded IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Results obtained in a plasma clot permeation system have also shown that argatroban is a potent inhibitor of clot-bound thrombin, independent of either clot age or the presence of hemostatically active platelets. Treatment of aged plasma clots with either streptokinase or alteplase, at therapeutic levels, increased the available thrombin activity, yet argatroban still inhibited this clot-associated thrombin with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Scanning electron microscopy/morphometric analyses demonstrated that permeation with argatroban had no significant effects on clot structure. We conclude that argatroban is an effective inhibitor of thrombin bound to aged fibrin clots, in purified systems and in plasma clots, as well as in clots that have been treated with the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and alteplase.
Personal Identity and Liberal Political Theory

In this chapter, I explain positive and negative liberty and the foundational ideas in liberalism as they relate to communitarianism and perfectionism. I explain the “social constitution thesis”— the idea that persons’ identities are socially constituted—a thesis to which some of Rawls’s critics are committed. This thesis serves as the basis for critics’ arguments that liberals are committed to an unacceptable metaphysical view of personal identity according to which persons’ identities are developed independently of society. This view is often called “abstract individualism.” I then explain why these objections have focused on Rawls’s liberal political theory and why critics claim he is committed to abstract individualism, and, thereby, a false conception of personal identity. I explain that critics claim that abstract individualism involves both metaphysical and normative commitments yielding metaphysical objections that concern Rawls’s conception of the person in the original position, and normative objections that concern Rawls’s political conception of the person, and are rooted in Rawls’s commitment to the priority of the right over the good. While these critics and their objections are often referred to as “communitarian,” I suggest that their concerns are more generally characterized as perfectionist.
Suicidal ideation among inmate-patients in state prison: prevalence, reluctance to report, and treatment preferences.

This study examined the prevalence, willingness to report, and treatment preferences for suicidal ideation among state prison inmates. The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) and a novel questionnaire were completed by 67 inmate-patients. The BSS score was in the high range for 15% of general population (GP) and 40% of Intermediate Care Program (ICP) patients, with 19% of ICP inmates reporting a "moderate to strong" desire to commit suicide. A majority (64% GP, 86% ICP) had prior suicide attempt(s). Forty-two percent of GP and 31% of ICP inmate-patients were unlikely to tell mental health staff about suicidal thoughts. Family contact and talking with mental health staff were preferred interventions. ICP inmates preferred staff visits and observation in their own cells, but GP inmates did not. Only a small minority (14% GP, 21% ICP) favored transfer to a crisis observation cell, but the least desired option was talking to a corrections officer. While many inmate-patients reported experiencing suicidal thoughts, they preferred not to inform staff. Almost 80% did not favor the current primary intervention: the observation cell. Alternative or supplementary options should be considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Decision-Making for Surgery in the Management of Patients with Univentricular Heart.

A series of technical refinements over the past thirty years, in combination with advances in perioperative management, have resulted in dramatic improvements in the survival of patients with univentricular heart. While the goal of single ventricle palliation remains unchanged—normalization of the pressure and volume loads on the systemic ventricle, the strategies to achieve that goal have become more diverse. Optimal palliation relies on a thorough understanding of the changing physiology over the first years of life and the risks and consequences of each palliative strategy. This review describes how to optimize surgical decision-making in univentricular patients based on a current understanding of anatomy, physiology, and surgical palliation.
Student Evaluation of Faculty: Effects of Purpose on Pattern

Much of the existing research addressing student ratings of faculty has focused on psychometric properties of the rating process or on physical characteristics of courses and individuals. Less explored is the cognitive processes of students, as evaluators, and the administrative purposes for which outcomes from student evaluations are used. To determine if students used different cognitive sets as a function of the explicit purpose for which ratings are obtained, a field experiment was conducted. Explicit purposes for course evaluations were manipulated to include a control condition, a formative condition (instructional improvement), and a summative condition (salary increase). These conditions served as the classification variable in a discriminant analysis and six different dimensions of classroom performance, as assessed by students, served as the discriminating variables. Results indicate that the purpose of assessment fails to influence the pattern of faculty ratings provided by students. From an administrative perspective, these findings have practical implications both for the collection of student evaluations and for the use of student ratings.
Introduction to Part One: A Life in Social Work with Groups—In Katy’s Words

In this article the author introduces Papell’s personal and professional evolution during six decades as practitioner, educator, scholar, editor, and advocate of social work with groups—from the social settlements of New York to her engagement with Afghan women in the wake of the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001.
Attitudes Toward Pornography and the Characteristics Attributed to Pornography Actors

Proponents and opponents of pornography often use the assumed characteristics and motivations of female pornography actors to justify their position. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among attitudes toward pornography, gender, and beliefs about both female and male pornography actors. University students (N = 165) completed measures assessing their attitudes toward pornography and their beliefs about male and female pornography actors. Attitudes toward pornography were significantly related to beliefs about both male and female pornography actors, as was gender. A larger discrepancy between beliefs about female pornography actors and women in general than between male pornography actors and men in general was found. Male participants rated female pornography actors similar to male pornography actors, whereas female participants rated female pornography actors more negatively than male pornography actors. Across participant gender, female pornography actors were believed to come from more dysfunctional families than male pornography actors. In general, male pornography actors were attributed more positive motivations for their work than female pornography actors.
A new approach to model counting

We introduce ApproxCount, an algorithm that approximates the number of satisfying assignments or models of a formula in propositional logic. Many AI tasks, such as calculating degree of belief and reasoning in Bayesian networks, are computationally equivalent to model counting. It has been shown that model counting in even the most restrictive logics, such as Horn logic, monotone CNF and 2CNF, is intractable in the worst-case. Moreover, even approximate model counting remains a worst-case intractable problem. So far, most practical model counting algorithms are based on backtrack style algorithms such as the DPLL procedure. These algorithms typically yield exact counts but are limited to relatively small formulas. Our ApproxCount algorithm is based on SampleSat, a new algorithm that samples from the solution space of a propositional logic formula near-uniformly. We provide experimental results for formulas from a variety of domains. The algorithm produces good estimates for formulas much larger than those that can be handled by existing algorithms.
Penicillin and acute rheumatic fever.

Introduction of secondary prophylaxis for patients with rheumatic fever is felt to be a major reason for improved prognosis of rheumatic heart disease.1,2(p163) The article by Ginsburg et al,3 raising questions concerning the efficacy of this practice, has prompted me to report our experience in the Rainbow Rheumatic Fever Clinic, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, where more than 80% of the patients receive 1,200,000 units of benzathine penicillin intramuscularly every 28 days. Seventy percent of the patients with rheumatic mitral regurgitation have lost their murmur, and no patient receiving regular intramuscular prophylaxis has developed stenosis.4
A common access channel distributed queueing protocol for wireless slotted CDMA networks

A new medium access control (MAC) protocol named common access channel distributed queueing (CACDQ) protocol is presented and analyzed in this paper. The protocol is designed for wireless slotted CDMA networks. In the proposed protocol, one of the available spreading codes is reserved for the common access channel (CAC) in which the access requests are sent. The remaining spreading codes are used for the data channels (DCs) in which the data packets are transmitted. By applying the principle of a distributed queueing protocol, two queueing subsystems are used for resolving the packet collisions. A practical random access mechanism for the access requests is also provided. The performance of the protocol is analyzed and verified by the simulation results.
Gene Regulation as a Modulator of Social Preference in Voles

Most mammalian species are nonmonogamous: the female alone cares for the young and males and females do not share nest sites. Within the genus Microtus, there exists ample diversity in social structure for neuroethological and neurobiological investigation. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are socially monogamous: both the males and females contribute to care of the young within a shared nest site as a breeding pair through multiple breeding seasons. Closely related species such as the montane (M. montanus) and meadow (M. pennsylvanicus) voles do not typically show these behaviors. Over a decade of research has demonstrated that species differences in neuropeptide systems play significant roles in the behavioral divergence of these species. In particular, species differences in regional gene expression patterns of neuropeptide receptors in the brain mediate some of the behavioral traits associated with the divergence in social structure. Differences in gene expression patterns of a key gene in mediating social behavior, the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (avpr1a), appear to be due to species divergence in a repeat locus in the 5' regulatory region of avpr1a. This highly repetitive locus is prone to expansion and contraction over relatively short evolutionary timescales and may give rise to the rapid evolution of sociobehavioral traits.
Induction of Transmembrane Proton Transfer by Mercurials in Mitochondria I. ION MOVEMENTS ACCOMPANYING TRANSMEMBRANE PROTON TRANSFER

Abstract The ion movements accompanying the mercurial-induced energized ejection of protons in beef heart mitochondria have been analyzed. These are of two kinds: symport movement of anions (as yet unidentified) and antiport movement of monovalent cations such as potassium. Thus in the massive energized ejection of protons induced by fluorescein mercuric acetate, the molar ratio of potassium ion taken up to proton released (potassium to proton ratio) is about 0.2. This ratio has been shown to reflect a balance between two processes: potassium-proton exchange with a ratio of 1.0 and extrusion of potassium and a chaotropic anion simultaneous with the exchange which can in the limit lower the ratio to 0. The nature of the ion movements accompanying the energized proton ejection induced by gramicidin can be modified by variation in the concentration of ionophore. At low concentration potassium-proton exchange predominates (K+:H+ ratio close to 1), whereas at higher concentrations, both symport and antiport ion movements take place (K+:H+ ratio about 0.2). It has been concluded that the induction of proton ejection by fluorescein mercuric acetate involves the release in the membrane phase of an ionophore specific for monovalent cations which permits proton-potassium exchange. When this exchange cannot take place for lack of an ionophore, energized proton release is interdicted. The induction of endogenous ionophore by fluorescein mercuric acetate permits not only energized, but also nonenergized potassium-proton exchange.
Sum and product of different sets

Let A and B be two finite sets of numbers. The sum set and the product set of A, B are A + B = {a + b : a in A, b in B}, and AB = {ab : a in A, b in B}. $ We prove that A+B is as large as possible when AA is not too big. Similarly, AB is large when A+A is not too big. The methods rely on the Lambda_p constant of A, bound on the number of factorizations in a generalized progression containing A, and the subspace theorem.
Ependymal cells in tissue culture

Ciliated ependymal cells from various locations of the ventricular system of mammals showed outgrowth either in the form of epithelial sheets or in the form of “pools” and elongated double rows, dependant on the site from which the ependyma was taken and on the original orientation of the cells in respect to the cover slip.
Comparison of VDL modes in the terminal domain

In This work we investigate the comparative performance of VDL modes 2, 3 and 4 by simulating mobile aircraft that dynamically establish and disconnect links to the ground station. The principal consideration was to model and simulate realistic data traffic and aircraft traffic patterns in the terminal domain, which in these simulations is the area within a 70 nautical mile radius from the terminal. The simulated aircraft traffic patterns are based on actual data from the Detroit Metropolitan Airport. We consider two aircraft traffic patterns, and the data traffic profile used for the simulations is defined in the relevant standard. The performance criteria used to compare the performance of the three modes is the subnetwork delay. For the simulation scenarios investigated in this research, we recommend VDL Mode 3 in the terminal domain.
Evaluating Addictions Counseling Programs: Promoting Best Practices, Accountability, and Advocacy

Program evaluation offers several benefits to addictions counselors, including identifying best practices, providing accountability to stakeholders, and advocating for minority client populations. This article reviews the benefits of addictions counseling program evaluation and outlines main steps in the evaluation process.
Glucocorticoid inhibition of estrus in ovariectomized pigs: Relationship to progesterone action

Abstract Synthetic glucocorticoids and progesterone were evaluated for their inhibitory action on estrus in ovariectomized pigs treated with estrogen. Triamcinolone acetonide (~70 μg/kg BW), and dexamethasone (~140 μg/kg BW) inhibited the estrous response to estradiol benzoate when these glucocorticoids were given during a period of 5 days before to 4 days after estradiol benzoate. The minimum effective dosage of progesterone that would inhibit estrus when given concurrently with estradiol benzoate was 600 (μg/kg BW. When triamcinolone acetonide (30 μg/kg BW) or dexamethasone (125 or 150 μg/kg BW) was given as a single injection in combination with progesterone (100 μg/kg BW), estrous response to estradiol benzoate was again inhibited. These steroids at these dosages had no significant effect when either was administered alone. Based on these results, the inhibitory action of these glucocorticoids on estrus in pigs is additive to the action of progesterone, and we suggest that triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone inhibit estrus through mechanisms related to those of progesterone.
Thermodynamic molecular switch in macromolecular interactions.

It is known that most living systems can live and operate optimally only at a sharply defined temperature, or over a limited temperature range, at best, which implies that many basic biochemical interactions exhibit a well-defined Gibbs free energy minimum as a function of temperature. The Gibbs free energy change, ΔGo (T), for biological systems shows a complicated behavior, in which ΔGo(T) changes from positive to negative, then reaches a negative value of maximum magnitude (favorable), and finally becomes positive as temperature increases The critical factor in this complicated thermodynamic behavior is a temperature-dependent heat capacity change (ΔCpo(T) of reaction, which is positive at low temperature, but switches to a negative value at a temperature well below the ambient range. Thus, the thermodynamic molecular switch determines the behavior patterns of the Gibbs free energy change, and hence a change in the equilibrium constant Keq, and/or spontaneity. The subsequent, mathematically predictable changes in ΔHo(T), ΔSo(T), ΔWo(T), and ΔGo(T) give rise to the classically observed behavior patterns in biological reactivity, as demonstrated in three interacting protein systems: the acid dimerization reaction of α-chymotrypsin at low pH, interaction of chromogranin A with the intraluminal loop peptide of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor at pH 5.5, and the binding of l-arabinose and d-galactose to the l-arabinose binding protein of Escherichia coli. In cases of protein unfolding of four mutants of phage T4 lysozyme, no thermodynamic molecular switch is observed.
Underdetermined blind source separation based on Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models

In this paper, a novel method is developed to solve the problem of underdetermined blind source separation, where the number of mixtures is smaller than that of sources. Generalized Gaussian Distributions (GGDs) are used to model the source signals and generative Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models (CDHMMs) are derived to track the nonstationarity inside the source signals. Each source signal can switch between several states such that the separation performance can be significantly improved. The model parameters are trained through the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and the source signals are estimated via the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) approach. Compared with the results of L 1 -norm solution, our proposed algorithm has obtained much better output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the separation results are more realistic.
Reaction mechanism for208Pb(3He,p)210Bi

The double-stripping (3He,p) reaction has been studied on a target of208Pb at 40.8 MeV. Data for the lowest multiplet ofπh9/2−vg9/2 states are compared to a one-step DWBA prediction, a two step sequential single stripping prediction and to a coherent sum of these mechanisms. The two-step mechanism is shown to be much less important than the single step excitation, but its proper inclusion does provide an important improvement to the magnitudes of the predictions. To within a factor of two these calculations account for the magnitudes of the data for final states of spins 0− through 8−.
Single-Molecule Investigation of Substrate Binding Kinetics and Protein Conformational Dynamics of a B-Family Replicative DNA Polymerase

Replicative DNA polymerases use a complex, multistep mechanism for efficient and accurate DNA replication as uncovered by intense kinetic and structural studies. Recently, single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has provided new insights into real time conformational dynamics utilized by DNA polymerases during substrate binding and nucleotide incorporation. We have used single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer techniques to investigate the kinetics and conformational dynamics of Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase B1 (PolB1) during DNA and nucleotide binding. Our experiments demonstrate that this replicative polymerase can bind to DNA in at least three conformations, corresponding to an open and closed conformation of the finger domain as well as a conformation with the DNA substrate bound to the exonuclease active site of PolB1. Additionally, our results show that PolB1 can transition between these conformations without dissociating from a primer-template DNA substrate. Furthermore, we show that the closed conformation is promoted by a matched incoming dNTP but not by a mismatched dNTP and that mismatches at the primer-template terminus lead to an increase in the binding of the DNA to the exonuclease site. Our analysis has also revealed new details of the biphasic dissociation kinetics of the polymerase-DNA binary complex. Notably, comparison of the results obtained in this study with PolB1 with those from similar single-molecule studies with an A-family DNA polymerase suggests mechanistic differences between these polymerases. In summary, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into protein conformational dynamics and substrate binding kinetics of a high fidelity B-family DNA polymerase.