cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photography in Mite Counting

Photography is introduced as a step in the Henderson-McBurnie mite sampling and counting technique. After mites from a sample of leaves are brushed onto a glass plate, colored 35-mm photographs of 2X magnification are taken of 5 areas of the plate. Each area is 18X12 mm, and the 5 areas total approximately 1/10 the area of the plate. The mites on the 5 photographs are then counted to determine the density of the mite population. Calculation of the number of mites per leaf is made by using the formula X = 10M/L where X equals the unknown number of mites per leaf, M the number of mites on the 5 photographs, and L the number of leaves in the sample.
Demography of the Predaceous Bug Dufouriellus ater (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Life tables and tables of age-specific fecundity were constructed for the predaceous bug Dufouriellus ater (Dufour) for relative humidity of between 53 and 62% and temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. These tables were used to calculate the innate capacity for increase, the finite rate of increase, the generation time, the gross rate of reproduction, and the net rate of reproduction. The results indicated that D. ater is capable of population increase over the entire range of temperature examined, although 20°C is very near the lower limit. Within this range, population increase was maximum at 35°C.
Scaling Laws and Critical Properties for fcc and hcp Metals

The determination of the critical parameters of metals has remained particularly challenging both experimentally, because of the very large temperatures involved, and theoretically, because of the many-body interactions that take place in metals. Moreover, experiments have shown that these systems exhibit an unusually strong asymmetry of their binodal. Recent theoretical work has led to new similarity laws, based on the calculation of the Zeno line and of the underlying Boyle parameters, which provided results for the critical properties of atomic and molecular systems in excellent agreement with experiments. Using the recently developed expanded Wang–Landau (EWL) simulation method, we evaluate the grand-canonical partition function, over a wide range of conditions, for 11 fcc and hcp metals (Ag, Al, Au, Be, Cu, Ir, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, and Rh), modeled with a many-body interaction potential. This allows us to calculate the binodal, Zeno line, and Boyle parameters and, in turn, obtain the critical properties f...
Undifferentiated Sarcoma Arising in an Augmented Ileocystoplasty Patch

We report an unusual case of a sarcoma at the patch site of an ileocystoplasty. The tumor proved to be an aggressive neoplasm that metastasized widely. The literature is reviewed concerning neoplasms occurring in urinary diversion procedures.
Production of nucleophagocytosis by rabbit antileukocytic serum.

Dried buffy coat layer of the blood from a patient with granulocytic leukemia was injected into a rabbit. Serum from this rabbit, when mixed with the buffy coat layer of the blood from the same patient, resulted in the production of nucleophagocytosis. The serum of the rabbit also showed the ability to produce marked conglutination and destruction of the neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Pseudo Poly(Amino Acids) Composed of Amino Acids Linked by Nonamide Bonds such as Esters, Imino Carbonates, and Carbonates

Abstract The development of biomaterials saves lives and impacts positively on human health since all medical devices cannot be fabricated without them. The purpose for the first generation of biomaterials was passive, and its primary function was to limit the adverse reactions from the host. With the advancement in medical technology, the goals of biomaterials have been altered, and the new generation of biomaterials is viewed as active components that interact with cells and biological molecules to help achieve the desired function such as stem-cell differentiation, controlled release of drugs, selective targeting of cells and organs, and stimulating the appropriate cellular response. Polymers that could be ideal to meet the demands of the next generations of biomaterials are “pseudo” poly(amino acids). These polymers are composed of alternating amino acids and nonamino acid moieties. The presence of amide and other types of bonds such as ester, carbonate, and urethane allows these polymers to biodegradable. Depending upon the choices of linkers, chain extenders, and protecting groups, these polymers and their degradation products could be noncytotoxic and nonimmunogenic. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological properties can be tuned by these choices and the introduction of side chains and functional groups. Therefore, “pseudo” poly(amino acids) are promising family of polymers that can fulfill the biomaterial requirements to advance challenges that researchers and companies face as they innovate and advance medical devices.
The Rare Book Librarian’s Day

I. In the autumn of 1975, I entered library school, where I was pleased to find a program especially designed for the preparation of rare book librarians. I was less pleased to hear my instructor inform my class, at its first meeting, that jobs in rare books generally went to rich WASP males. But I am a baseball fan and know that .333 is a respectable major league batting average. So, even though I failed both “rich” and “WASP,” I gambled on “male”-and, I suppose, I have won my little bet. I am the Curator of Special Collections—that is, . . .
Larger females are choosier in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor)

Individual variation in female mate choice has important implications for sexual trait evolution and the maintenance of phenotypic diversity. In this study we examined several potential drivers of individual variation in female choosiness for the well-studied, energetically expensive courtship signal of male gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between female choosiness and other female traits (female body size, physical condition, and age) using a costly choice playback experiment where females traveled different simulated distances to reach attractive mates. We found that larger females maintained their preferences for attractive male calls over greater simulated distances (i.e. were choosier) than smaller females. We discuss possible explanations for why larger females may be choosier and suggest several potential avenues of future research.
Evaluation System in a Psychiatric Residency Training Program

An evaluation system developed at Michigan State University is designed to provide residents with a clear view of their strengths and weaknesses in a variety of areas. The instruments used in the evaluation system include supervisory rating forms that incorporate the objectives of the residency program, standard exercises for behavioral observation and factual information, and a standardized assessment of interview skills. Use of this system has resulted in a number of changes in curriculum on an individual and group basis, as well as changes in teaching techniques among the faculty. The initial high attrition rate among residents corresponding with initiation of the system is discussed.
Emerging high-speed LANs

The nineties is witnessing an evolution in the area of Local Area Network(LAN)s along with the advances in computing power, disk drive capacity and disk transfer rate. The increased demand for high bandwidth connectivity calls for newer approaches to networking and peripheral sharing. There is at present a plethora of LAN standards in development trying to vie for at least a piece of the total burgeoning market for datacom and telecom. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the emerging high speed networking standards, their intended applications, and their benefits. The standards discussed include Fibre Channel, Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM) and Fast Ethernet.
Association of an Electroencephalography-Based Risk Score With Seizure Probability in Hospitalized Patients.

Importance Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) use in critically ill patients is expanding. There is no validated method to combine risk factors and guide clinicians in assessing seizure risk. Objective To use seizure risk factors from EEG and clinical history to create a simple scoring system associated with the probability of seizures in patients with acute illness. Design, Setting, and Participants We used a prospective multicenter (Emory University Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Yale University Hospital) database containing clinical and electrographic variables on 5427 continuous EEG sessions from eligible patients if they had continuous EEG for clinical indications, excluding epilepsy monitoring unit admissions. We created a scoring system model to estimate seizure risk in acutely ill patients undergoing continuous EEG. The model was built using a new machine learning method (RiskSLIM) that is designed to produce accurate, risk-calibrated scoring systems with a limited number of variables and small integer weights. We validated the accuracy and risk calibration of our model using cross-validation and compared its performance with models built with state-of-the-art logistic regression methods. The database was developed by the Critical Care EEG Research Consortium and used data collected over 3 years. The EEG variables were interpreted using standardized terminology by certified reviewers. Exposures All patients had more than 6 hours of uninterrupted EEG recordings. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the average risk calibration error. Results There were 5427 continuous EEGs performed on 4772 participants (2868 men, 49.9%; median age, 61 years) performed at 3 institutions, without further demographic stratification. Our final model, 2HELPS2B, had an area under the curve of 0.819 and average calibration error of 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.6%). It included 6 variables with the following point assignments: (1) brief (ictal) rhythmic discharges (B[I]RDs) (2 points); (2) presence of lateralized periodic discharges, lateralized rhythmic delta activity, or bilateral independent periodic discharges (1 point); (3) prior seizure (1 point); (4) sporadic epileptiform discharges (1 point); (5) frequency greater than 2.0 Hz for any periodic or rhythmic pattern (1 point); and (6) presence of “plus” features (superimposed, rhythmic, sharp, or fast activity) (1 point). The probable seizure risk of each score was 5% for a score of 0, 12% for a score of 1, 27% for a score of 2, 50% for a score of 3, 73% for a score of 4, 88% for a score of 5, and greater than 95% for a score of 6 or 7. Conclusions and Relevance The 2HELPS2B model is a quick accurate tool to aid clinical judgment of the risk of seizures in critically ill patients.
(Invited) Kinetic Models for the Degradation Mechanisms of PGM-Free ORR Catalysts

Platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts, based on earth-abundant elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and transition metals, have shown promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in fuel cells. Intensive research activities have focused on the improvement of activity and understanding of active sites in PGM-free catalysts. However, the durability of PGM-free catalysts in fuel cell cathode under realistic operating conditions has been addressed to a much lesser degree than the initial ORR activity, with only qualitative degradation mechanisms proposed to account for the generally fast activity loss in the fuel cell. Herein, we introduce to PGM-free ORR electrocatalysis a quantitative logistic decay model, based on a two-step autocatalytic degradation mechanism to portray catalyst degradation behavior. This model describes well the current-time data measured in the kinetic range of the fuel cell (fuel cell cathode) operation. The results further suggest that the formation of deactivation species during the ORR is responsible for the loss of catalytic active sites and ensuing cell performance loss.
Treatment of Neutropenia with Granulocyte Transfusions

The treatment of the acute leukemias and other hematologic malignancies with currently available chemotherapeutic regimens frequently results in granulocytopenia. Infection accounts for 80% of deaths occurring in such patients (1). There is a quantitative relationship between the level of circulating granulocytes and the frequency of infection (2), and the duration of granulocytopenia is also implicated in the rate of acquisition of infection (3). Infections occurring in granulocytopenic patients are more difficult to treat than those occurring in patients with normal marrow reserves. It is likely that some potent antibiotics are less effective without the synergistic action of granulocytes (2).
Prediction of Liquid Specific Heat Capacity of Food Lipids.

Specific heat capacity (cp) is a temperature dependent physical property of foods. Lipid—being a macromolecular component of food—provides some fraction of the food's overall heat capacity. Fats/oils are complex chemicals that are generally defined by carbon length and degree of unsaturation. The objective of this investigation was to use advanced specific heat capacity measurement to determine the effect of fatty acid chemical structure on specific heat capacity of food lipids. In this investigation, the specific heat capacity of a series of triacylglycerols were measured to quantify the influence of fatty acid composition on specific heat capacity based on two parameters; the ‐average carbon number (C) and the average number of double bonds (U). A prediction model for specific heat capacity of food lipids as a function of C, Uand temperature (T) has been developed. A multiple linear regression to the three‐parameter model (R2= 0.87) provided a good fit to the experimental data. The prediction model was evaluated by comparison with previously published specific heat capacity values of vegetable oils. It was found that the model provided a 0.53% error, while three other models from the literature predicted cpvalues with 0.85% to 1.83% average relative deviation from experimental data. The outcomes from this research confirm that the thermophysical properties of fat present in foods are directly related to the physical chemical properties. The specific heat capacity of food products is widely used in process design. Improvements of current models to predict specific heat capacity of food products will assist in the development of efficient processes and in the control of food quality and safety. Furthermore, the understanding of how changes in chemical structure of macromolecular components of foods effect thermophysical properties may begin to allude to models that are not just empirical, but represent portions of the differences in chemistry.
Influences: Cold Spring Harbor summer courses and Drosophila melanogaster neurogenetics

In the fall of 1968, we arrived at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) to start graduate studies in theoretical high-energy physics, realizing a dream that we’d held since our undergraduate days in Taiwan. But after a couple of years studying physics, we were inspired by Max Delbruck
The Declaration of Business School Independence

The Declaration of Business School Independence is a somewhat tongue-in-cheek, somewhat serious, line-by-line ”rewriting” of the United States Declaration of Independence. In place of seeking the American colonies’ freedom from the perceived and enumerated oppressions of the British Crown, this version of the declaration seeks to liberate global business schools, and the world, from the oppressive and destructive theories and thinking of the present Neoliberal global paradigm taught in business schools. The new declaration lists harmful and destructive teachings that occur in finance, marketing, accounting, economics, management, and ethics and calls for their replacement by teaching and research that will contribute to a sustainable/flourishing world – a world that works for everyone with no one left out. This new declaration was inspired by the following resolution unanimously passed on July 18, 2016, at the combined World Forum of the International Association of Jesuit Business Schools and the Annual Meeting of the Colleagues in Jesuit Business Education in Nairobi Kenya: The annual meeting of the IAJBS requests the IAJBS leadership, CJBE leadership, and the rest of the network of Jesuit business schools to work together to apply for the MacArthur Foundation 100 million dollar 100&change competition with a project to transform Jesuit business education to be fully aligned with the wisdom in Laudato Si, with our universally-valid Jesuit educational tenets, and with the need for global sustainability, social justice, and poverty alleviation. Although referring only to Jesuit business education, the resolution and the subsequent 100&change application seek to transform all of global business education as a vehicle for transforming the entire global producing-distributing-consuming system.
What's left for balanced bilinguals? Language proficiency and item familiarity affect left-hemisphere specialization in metaphor processing.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the hemispheric processing of metaphors in bilinguals compared with monolinguals and to determine the role of language proficiency in hemispheric lateralization. METHOD Fifty-seven English-dominant Spanish-English bilinguals and 57 English speaking monolinguals participated in a divided visual field study. The two groups performed a semantic judgment task with metaphorical, literal, and unrelated word pairs presented either to the right visual field/left hemisphere or to the left visual field/right hemisphere. RESULTS Bilinguals processed metaphors more slowly and less accurately than monolinguals in both visual field presentations but there was no difference between the groups in the symmetry of processing-both groups showed a left hemisphere advantage. In bilinguals, the efficiency of processing within the left, but not the right, hemisphere was predicted by language dominance scores (i.e., English minus Spanish picture naming scores). Additionally, in all participants, the left hemisphere was more sensitive than the right hemisphere to metaphor familiarity; the latter in turn was sensitive to metaphor familiarity only in balanced bilinguals (not in unbalanced bilinguals and monolinguals). CONCLUSION These results suggest that even though bilinguals are less efficient, they rely on the same underlying cognitive mechanisms as monolinguals in linguistic processing of metaphors. Moreover, whereas the right hemisphere is coarsely affected by language proficiency, the left hemisphere, and metaphor processing therein, is more sensitive to small variations in linguistic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy (RVCL): A Rare Familial Mimic of Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (P2.372)

Objective: To present a report of three family members, each developing tumefactive brain lesions, initially misdiagnosed with brain tumor, CNS vasculitis, or tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS), and ultimately diagnosed with autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL). Background: RVCL is a rare autosomal dominant disease affecting small vessels, presenting in middle age, with features including tumefactive brain lesions, nonspecific brain calcifications, vascular retinopathy, and hepatic/renal disease. RVCL is caused by frame-shift mutations in the three-prime repair exonuclease-1 (TREX-1) gene, causing protein mislocalization, leading to autoimmunity. Design/Methods: CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old man with psoriasis presented after two weeks of gait difficulty and was found to have left hemiparesis. Brain MRI demonstrated a large irregular right frontal ring-enhancing lesion causing mild midline shift, several small nonspecific T2-hyperintense lesions and small calcifications. Given high suspicion for malignancy, the patient underwent subtotal mass resection, but initial pathology showed only reactive gliosis and focal necrosis. Extensive evaluation for infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory neurological conditions was unrevealing. Abdominal CT showed liver cirrhosis, and ophthalmology evaluation revealed retinal vasculopathy. Surprisingly, the patient’s father and brother both presented with similar frontal lobe tumefactive lesions, underwent inconclusive biopsies, and died several years after onset. The father was diagnosed with CNS vasculitis, and the brother was diagnosed with tumefactive MS and unsuccessfully treated with natalizumab. Given the familial link, VRCL was suspected, and genetics confirmed the diagnosis with a TREX-1 c-terminal mutation. The patient began treatment with intravenous steroids and improved. Results: Our patient presented with a tumefactive brain lesion, nonspecific brain calcifications, cirrhosis, and retinal vasculopathy. This, coupled with a suggestive family history, led to the RVCL diagnosis. Conclusions: This report contributes to the limited understanding of RVCL, which mimics gliomas or tumefactive MS. Recognition of this entity may prevent unnecessary invasive procedures and inappropriate therapeutic interventions. Disclosure: Dr. Harel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Raynowska has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miskin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pramanik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Asiry has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anderson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boockvar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Najjar has nothing to disclose.
Biological Degradation of Ethanol in Southern California Coastal Seawater

Abstract The increased use of ethanol as an additive in gasoline is expected to increase atmospheric ethanol levels. Understanding future impacts requires an understanding of the current atmospheric ethanol budget. Air-sea exchange is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in budget estimates. Understanding processes that produce or destroy ethanol in seawater will help constrain air-sea exchange estimates. The rate of biological consumption of ethanol in seawater was measured in Southern California surface coastal water sampled from a tidally flushed river mouth over a six-month period. First-order rate constants (k) for biological degradation of approximately ambient ethanol levels of 89 nM ranged from zero to 1.9 ± 0.1 × 10 −2 min−1 with an average of 3.8 ± 5.9 × 10−3 min−1 (n = 20). This corresponds to an average biological turnover time (1/k) of approximately 4.4 h or an average biological half-life (0.693/k) of approximately 3 h. There were several rain events over this time period resulting in flow from upstream in the river; these were associated with increased bacterial levels, higher absorption coefficients and reduced salinity. Rate constants, in general, increased with the number of bacterial colony forming units in the water sample. Excluding the two rate constant maxima events the background biological degradation rate constant in the absence of rain/bacteria input from upstream, is 1.3 ± 1.0 × 10 −3 min−1. This corresponds to an average biological turnover time of approximately 13 h and an average biological half-life of approximately 9 h. Autoclaved samples (to remove bacteria) showed no measurable ethanol degradation, suggesting that chemical loss processes are not significant.
Screening Will and Jane: Sexuality and the Gendered Author in Shakespeare and Austen Biopics

The status of William Shakespeare and Jane Austen as literary celebrities and cultural icons is strikingly apparent in biopics, which are deeply inflected with intersecting notions of gender, sexuality and literary genius. Shakespeare biopics (Will Shakespeare, Shakespeare in Love and A Waste of Shame) react to issues of masculinity and sexual anxiety, which are bound up with myths of authorship, by either disavowing or displacing queer sexuality from the icon himself in what I term ‘Queer Lite’ Shakespeare biopics. On the other hand, Austen biographical films and adaptations (Mansfield Park, Becoming Jane, Miss Austen Regrets) resist, reject or conform to the inherited, misconceived reputation of Jane as a sexually frustrated, kindly, maiden aunt who penned romance novels. In so doing, they reinscribe or resist conventions of the female biopic, thereby engaging with feminist issues through representations of the woman writer in relation to cultural norms of gender and sexuality. Given their iconic subject matter, both Will and Jane biopics deal in complex ways with the assumptions underlying the film genre and the cultural myths of literary genius they reaffirm.
Toxicity and cosmetic outcomes after treatment with a novel form of breast IORT.

Abstract Purpose Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), a form of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), is an appealing alternative to postoperative whole breast irradiation for early-stage breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity and cosmetic outcomes of patients treated with a novel form of breast IORT (precision breast IORT; PB-IORT), that delivers a targeted, higher dose of radiation than conventional IORT. Methods and Materials The first 204 patients treated with PB-IORT in a Phase II clinical trial (NCT02400658) with 12 months of followup were included. Trial inclusion criteria were age ≥45 years, invasive or in situ breast cancer, tumor size ≤3 cm, and node negative. Toxicity and cosmetic scoring were performed at 6 and 12 months. Results 98 patients (48%; 95% CI, 41–55%) experienced toxicity. Seven Grade 3 toxicities occurred (3.4%; 95% CI, 1.4–6.9%). Most patients (95%) had excellent or good cosmetic outcomes (95% CI, 91–98%) at 12 months. Most patients (94%) had little or no pigmentation change (95% CI, 90–97%), 88% little to no size change (95% CI, 82–92%), and 87% experienced minimal shape change (95% CI, 82–92%). Conclusions Overall, Grade 3+ toxicity was rare and cosmetic outcomes were excellent. Severe toxicity with PB-IORT is similar to that reported in the TARGIT trial (3.3% rate of major toxicity) but lower than APBI (NSABP-39, 10.1% Grade 3/4 toxicities). We propose that the toxicity of PB-IORT compared with TARGIT and NSABP-39 is related to the radiation dose and delivery schedule. PB-IORT offers low-toxicity and good cosmetic outcomes when compared with other forms of APBI.
Air Stable Photon Upconversion with Nontoxic Silicon Nanocrystals as Sensitizer

Photon upconversion, the process of converting lower-energy light to higher-energy, has attracted a lot of attention in biological applications, like phototherapy and bio-imaging. Among different photon upconversion mechanisms, triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) based photon upconversion enables this process at low incident excitation power. Recently, I reported a 7% upconversion quantum yield with nontoxic and earth-abundant silicon nanocrystals as photosensitizer. However, ambient oxygen is an obstacle in further applications of photon upconversion as the triplet excitons involved in TTA can be quenched by oxygen in the air. Here, we discuss an air-stable photon upconversion system with silicon nanocrystals as sensitizer to upconvert red/green light to violet light. This hydrophobic silicon-based system has been incorporated into the aqueous phase with size-tunable micelles to enable applications in the water. An 11% photon upconversion quantum yield in micelles is achieved.
The emergence of inter-clade hybrid SARS-CoV-2 lineages revealed by 2D nucleotide variation mapping

ABSTRACT I performed whole-genome sequencing on SARS-CoV-2 collected from COVID-19 samples at Mayo Clinic Rochester in mid-April, 2020, generated 85 consensus genome sequences and compared them to other genome sequences collected worldwide. I proposed a novel illustrating method using a 2D map to display populations of co-occurring nucleotide variants for intra- and inter-viral clades. This method is highly advantageous for the new era of “big-data” when high-throughput sequencing is becoming readily available. Using this method, I revealed the emergence of inter-clade hybrid SARS-CoV-2 lineages that are potentially caused by homologous genetic recombination.
Rotationally aligned hexagonal boron nitride on sapphire by high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) plays a crucial role in van der Waals heterostructures and devices as a substrate or dielectric layer. In order to move beyond the exfoliation-based fabrication of such devices, it will be necessary to integrate hBN growth into existing, mature epitaxial platforms. In this paper, the authors utilize ultra-high (g1600 degrees Celsius) temperature to realize the MBE synthesis of few-nanometer films of smooth, layered hBN on conventional sapphire substrates. These films additionally demonstrate a rotational alignment to the substrate, demonstrating an influence of the substrate on the growth of two-dimensional crystalline layers.
Commentary on the Article "How Gentle Must Violence Against Women Be in Order to Not Be Violent? Rethinking the Word 'Violence' in Obstetric Settings," Reframed Within a Critical Discourse Orientation

This commentary discusses the Swartz and Lappeman article asking us to rethink the word violence and its potential to "disempower the women that it is meant to empower." The commentary examines the term violence through a critical lens that underscores the need for critical discourse analysis as a driver to deepening a widely somewhat antiquated definition of violence. It explores the enabling and constraining complexity of identity work associated with using the label of victim and suggests a more comprehensive approach that considers the linkages between intention, practices, structures, and context to foster a more transformative understanding of violence.
Risk Preferences and Efficiency of Household Portfolios

We propose a novel approach to infer investors' risk preferences from their portfolio choices, and then use the implied risk preferences to measure the efficiency of investment portfolios. We analyze a dataset spanning a period of six years, consisting of end of month stock trading records, along with investors' demographic information and self-assessed financial knowledge. Unlike estimates of risk aversion based on the share of risky assets, our statistical analysis suggests that the implied risk aversion coefficient of an investor increases with her wealth and financial literacy. Portfolio diversification, Sharpe ratio, and expected portfolio returns correlate positively with the efficiency of the portfolio, whereas a higher standard deviation reduces the efficiency of the portfolio. We find that affluent and financially educated investors as well as those holding retirement related accounts hold more efficient portfolios.
Association between disc degeneration and degenerative spondylolisthesis? Pilot study

Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to test the generally believed hypothesis that intervertebral disc degeneration is a prerequisite for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). Methods This cross-sectional study was an ancillary project to the Framingham Study. A sample of 3529 participants aged 40-80 years had a CT scan performed to assess aortic calcification. 188 individuals were randomly enrolled in this study. The prevalence of intervertebral disc narrowing, facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) and DS were evaluated. We used the multiple logistic regressions to evaluate the association between DS as a dependent variable and FJOA, disc narrowing, age, sex and BMI as independent variables. Results There were 23 individuals (24 spinal segments) affected by DS (15 female, 8 male), mean age 62.0 +/- 6.8 years. In segments with DS, FJOA was observed and rated "severe" at 20 (83.3%) segments, "moderate" at 3 (12.5%) levels, and "mild" at 1 (4.2%) level. Intervertebral disc height was normal in 6 (25.0%), slightly decreased in 6 (25.0%), moderately decreased in 5 (20.8%) and severely decreased in 7 (29.2%) of the segments. Three (12.5%) segments with DS had severe FJOA but no apparent disc degeneration. In 9 (37.5%) segments with DS we found no or mild disc degeneration and severe FJOA. In a multiple regression analysis age, sex and FJOA, but not disc narrowing, showed significant associations with DS. Conclusions The results of our study did not support the theory that disc degeneration necessarily precedes vertebral subluxation in DS.
Corrigendum to "Improving Bid Efficiency for Humanitarian Food Aid Procurement": [Int. J. Production Economics 134 (2011) 238–245]

Corrigendum to ‘‘Improving bid efficiency for humanitarian food aid procurement’’ [Int. J. Production Economics 134 (2011) 238–245]. Aniruddha Bagchi , Jomon Aliyas Paul , Michael Maloni b a Department of Economics, Finance, & Quantitative Analysis, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA b Department of Management & Entrepreneurship, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
Mosfet Amplifier Using Advanced Analysis in PSpice

This paper incorporates the use of Advanced Analysis [3] of PSpice for exposing the students to some involving procedures of circuit building. After reading through the various properties that have been displayed, it would seem as a compulsory learning and assessment tool for the students which not only helps them interact with the circuitry, but, become much more involved with the practical aspects of electrical systems.
Choice of estimation procedure for models of binary choice: Some statistical and empirical evidence

Recent extensions of econometric work into the fields of urban and transportation economics have brought to light certain problems associated with the estimation of models of binary choice. Discussion of the case of limited dependent variables has recently been revived; t this paper deals with a more restrictive problem, that of a pure binary choice, such as is encountered in housing studies (rent versus buy), or in transportation mode choice studies (train versus car). While such models do occur in the field of economics, they are relatively infrequent and it is, perhaps, for this reason that the estimation procedures have been developed in other fields, notably biometrics and biological assay. A large portion of econometric work is carried out using the techniques of multiple regression analysis. However, the use of this technique to estimate binary choice models is open to a number of objections. In this paper, these objections will be noted and some alternative techniques, i.e., probit, logit, and discriminant analysis, will be considered. While these techniques are not new, they are relatively unusual. This makes it worthwhile to reiterate their basic characteristics. The first part of the paper, therefore, is devoted to a brief exposition of each method. This exercise is, however, essentially pedagogical and the major thrust of the paper is to compare the performance characteristic~ of each method. In particular, empirical tests of predictke performance are undertaken.
Radiative collapse of a dense plasma

Radiative collapse of a dense θ pinch plasma driven by an annular Z-pinch is considered. A cryogenic fiber is coaxially located within the annular gas jet Z-pinch. The imploding Z-pinch traps an applied axial magnetic field and conserves the flux. The axial magnetic field increases due to the compression and has attained values in excess of 20 M-Gauss. If a fiber is placed on axis an azimuthal θ-current is induced with a rise time that is an order of magnitude shorter than the rise time of the Z-pinch current. Such a rise time could not be achieved with a simple Z-pinch because of the large inductance of the axial fiber-plasma. The implosion transfers the kinetic energy of the Z-pinch to the magnetic field and then to the θ-pinch. The terminal particle pressure of the θ-pinch exceeds the magnetic pressure so that the pinch then expands-the only confinement is inertial. It is possible to make an intense neutron source e.g. a yield of 4 × 1015 neutron/cm with a Z-pinch current of 10 M-Amperes; but break-even would require much larger currents. To reach break-even and beyond with a reasonable Z-pinch current, we propose to make use of radiative collapse. By seeding the cryogenic Hydrogen-like fiber with higher Z-material, the radiation would be substantially increased and the θ-pinch would cool and collapse thereby increasing the density. For example, a density of order 1024 cm−3 has been observed with a seeded plasma focus. The confinement time is determined by the temperature and would not decrease. Thus nτ ∼ 1014 could be reached with a confinement time of 1 nanosec.
The Story of Psychology: A Thematic History

The beginnings of a science Physiological background Philosophical themes Loss of the themes Sensory physiology and perceptual problems Wundt and structuralism The periphery in Germany The periphery in Britain The American pioneers American functionalism Psychoanalysis Gestalt psychology Behaviourism Cognitive psychology The diversification of psychology.
Modeling Human Conflict and Terrorism Across Geographic Scales

We discuss the nature and origin of patterns emerging in the timing and severity of violent events within human conflicts and global terrorism. The underlying data are drawn from across geographical scales from municipalities up to entire continents, with great diversity in terms of terrain, underlying cause, socioeconomic and political setting, cultural and technological background. The data sources are equally diverse, being drawn from all available sources including non-government organizations, academia, and official government records. Despite these implicit heterogeneities and the seemingly chaotic nature of human violence, the patterns that we report are remarkably robust. We argue that this ubiquity of a particular pattern reflects a common way in which groups of humans fight each other, particularly in the asymmetric setting in which one weaker but ostensibly more adaptable opponent confronts a stronger but potentially more sluggish opponent. We propose a minimal generative model which reproduces these common statistical patterns while offering a physical explanation as to their cause. We also explain why our mechanistic approach, which is inspired by non-equilibrium statistical physics, fits naturally within the framework of recent ideas within the social science literature concerning analytical sociology, as well as setting our results in the wider context of real-world and cyber-based collective violence and illicit activity.
Patterns of den occupation by the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)

Spotted hyaenas utilize isolated natal dens (NDs) and communal dens (CDs) for rearing their cubs. Here we describe patterns of natal and CD occupation by hyaenas belonging to one well-studied clan in the Maasai Mara National Reserve during a 10-year period. Locations of 98 den sites that were used as natal or CDs by hyaenas in the study clan were digitized in a Geographic Information System, and the duration of use of each den site, frequency of re-use, and distances involved in den moves were quantified. Hyaenas moved their CD monthly on average. Most CD sites were occupied only once during the study, but several sites were used repeatedly. On rare occasions, the movement of hyaenas to a new den site could be attributed to a disturbance event at the CD, but factors regularly prompting hyaenas to move to new CD sites were unclear. High-ranking female hyaenas were more likely to rear their cubs from birth in a CD than low-ranking females. Low-ranking females almost always utilized isolated NDs for the first few weeks of a litter's development, and low-ranking females transferred their cubs over longer distances than did high-ranking females. Resume Des hyenes tachetees se servent des tanieres isolees pour donner naissance et des tanieres communales pour elever leurs petits. Dans cette etude nous decrivons les configurations d'occupation des tanieres natales et communales appartenant a un clan d'hyenes tres etudie dans la Reserve Nationale de Maasai Mara pendant une periode de 10 ans. Les positions de 98 sites utilises en tant que tanieres natales ou communales par les hyenes dans le clan de l’etude furent numerisees dans un Systeme d'Informations Geographiques, et la duree d'utilisation de chaque taniere, la frequence de reutilisation, et les distances impliquees dans les deplacements entre tanieres furent quantifiees. En moyenne, les hyenes se deplacerent de leur taniere communale tous les mois. La plupart des sites de tanieres communales furent occupes qu'une fois pendant la periode de l’etude, mais plusieurs sites furent utilises a de nombreuses reprises. Exceptionnellement, le deplacement pourrait etre attribuea une perturbation de la taniere communale, mais les determinants du deplacement regulier ne furent pas tres clairs. Des hyenes femelles de haut rang furent plus susceptibles aelever leurs petits dans une taniere communale a partir de la naissance que les femelles d'un rang plus bas. Les femelles de bas rang se servaient presque toujours d'une taniere natale isolee pendant les premieres semaines du developpement de leur portee, et transferaient leurs petits sur les plus grandes distances que les femelles de haut rang.
Effects of divalent cations on single-channel conduction properties of XenopusIP3 receptor

The effects of Mg2+ and Ba2+ on single-channel properties of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) were studied by patch clamp of isolated nuclei from Xenopusoocytes. In 140 mM K+ the IP...
Epitaph for socialist internationalism

Tommorow the International will be the human raceNothing is forgotten, nothing is forgivenUnidentified nationalist
A theoretical calculation of the exposure rate constant for radium-226.

Until recently, the photonspectrum of 226Ra has not been known with sufficient accuracy to permit calculation of the exposure rate constant. Workers concerned with calculations involving this constant have relied upon measured values. The authors have taken compiled photon spectra authored by M. J. Martin and P. H. Blichert‐Toft in Nuclear Data Tables along with photon cross sections authored by E. Storm and H. Israel in Nuclear Data Tables and calculated theoretical values for the exposure rate constant for 226Ra. Using the most recent 72‐line spectrum for 226Ra and its daughter products, an exposure rate constant of 12.44 R‐cm2/mg‐h was obtained for unfiltered radium. A large portion of this value was contributed by some low energy x‐ray lines which would not be seen in even a very lightly filtered source. Using a 3‐mm‐o.d. sphere (90%‐Pt, 10%‐Ir, 0.5‐mm filter), a value of 8.12 R‐cm2/mg‐h was obtained for the filtered source. Primary, scattered, and bremsstrahlung contributions to this value were 7.610, 0.363, and 0.149, respectively. This value is within 1.6% of the presently accepted value for 226Ra, 8.25.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Dementia

Objective To review past and current pharmacologic therapies for cognitive and behavioral problems in elderly patients with dementia. Design We surveyed the pertinent medical literature and present detailed findings on results of pharmacotherapeutic interventions for cognitive loss and behavioral disorders. Results Numerous drugs have been used in an attempt to reverse or forestall the cognitive decline associated with dementia. Currently available agents are limited by either lack of efficacy or occurrence of adverse effects. Medications are also used to control undesirable behaviors associated with dementia. Depending on the individual circumstance, such pharmacologic therapies may be of limited utility, some may be harmful, and others may be effective. The use of psychotropic agents in nursing homes is strictly regulated by federal law. For appropriate care of elderly patients with dementia, knowledge of the available drug therapies and their effectiveness is necessary. Conclusion Drug therapies for dementia are associated with adverse effects in the elderly population. Drugs for management of aggressive behaviors associated with dementia should be used only when nondrug strategies have failed. In each patient with dementia, underlying cognitive and behavioral problems must be thoroughly evaluated for selection of the most appropriate drug.
TIME MEASUREMENTS IN ACCELERATED FRAMES OF REFERENCE

The results of an investigation into the relation between the time measurements performed in an inertial frame and in an accelerated frame are presented. A wholly kinematic and not a gravitational scheme is used in this study of accelerated frames in empty space-time. (R.E.U.)
Tumour volume estimated by computed tomography as a predictive factor in carcinoma of the tongue.

This retrospective study evaluated tumour volume, estimated by computed tomography (CT), as a predictive factor in carcinoma of the tongue. Tumour volume was measured from pretreatment CT scans of 20 consecutive patients, followed up for at least 3 years, and this measurement was compared with tumour volume estimated from pathological specimens. T-stage and CT-derived tumour volume were compared with the clinical and pathological status of the nodes, and with the outcome of treatment. The measurement of tumour volume derived from CT correlated well with measurements derived from pathological examination, and tumour volume also predicted overall treatment failure. The disease-specific survival rate was 100% for patients with low-volume tumours (<13 cc) compared with 79% for those with stage T1 and T2 tumours.CT is a reliable way of measuring the volume of tumours in carcinoma of the tongue, and tumour volume is useful adjunct to the clinical tumour-node-metastases staging system.
Iwo Jima: 50th anniversary surprise

Retained metal fragments frequently are visualized in x-ray examinations of wounded combat veterans. Retained projectiles (bullets) are seen less often because of surgical removal.
Age and valve size effect on the long-term durability of the Carpentier-Edwards aortic pericardial bioprosthesis

Abstract Background . Bioprosthesis durability decreases with time and younger age. However, the time-scale and determinants of durability of the aortic Carpentier-Edwards stented bovine pericardial prosthesis are incompletely characterized. Methods . Between September 1981 and January 1984, 267 patients underwent implantation of the pericardial aortic prosthesis at four centers. Mean age at implant was 65 ± 12 years (range 21 to 86 years). Follow-up averaged 12 ± 4.5 years. The primary end point was explant for structural valve dysfunction (SVD), which was analyzed multivariably in the context of death as a competing risk. Results . Freedom from explant due to SVD was 99%, 94%, and 77% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Risk of SVD increased exponentially with time and younger age ( p = 0.0001) at implantation; an increased risk of small valve size was not reliably demonstrated ( p = 0.1). Considering the competing risk of death, patients aged 65 years or older had a less than 10% chance of explant for SVD by 15 years. Conclusions. Durability of this stented pericardial aortic bioprosthesis is excellent and justifies its use in patients aged 65 or older.
Quantum entanglement for acoustic spintronics

We consider the entanglement of spins for two electrons contributing to the acoustoelectric current driven by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) in two adjacent narrow channels by calculating their exchange energy $(J)$. The channels belong to an acoustic nanocircuit which comprises a network of quasi-one-dimensional pinched-off channels serving as wires along which SAW quantum dots transport electrons. This is motivated by possible practical applications involving quantum information processing and quantum computers. We calculate $J$ as a function of time as the electrons travel side-by-side in the adjacent channels and as a function of the distance between the centers of the channels. The leakage from the state in which the system is prepared, is calculated. The oscillations in the leakage indicate the probability for the electron system to make transitions between the ground and excited states, or for an electron to hop back and forth between channels.