cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Mode of Ventilation on Ketamine/Xylazine Requirements in Rabbits

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of the mode of mechanical ventilation (MV) on the dose of intravenous anesthetic during 3 hours of ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Study design Prospective laboratory study. Animals Sixty-one adult male New Zealand White rabbits. Methods Rabbits were anesthetized (ketamine/xylazine 35 + 5 mg kg −1 , IM), the trachea was intubated and randomized to four groups – (1) CMV-1 ( n = 14), ventilated with traditional conventional volume-cycled MV [V T = 12 mL kg −1 , RR = 20, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 0 cmH 2 O]; (2) CMV-2 ( n = 13), ventilated with a modern lung-protective regimen of volume-cycled MV (V T = 6 mL kg −1 , RR = 40, PEEP = 5 cmH 2 O); (3) HFPV ( n = 17) ventilated with high-frequency percussive ventilation [high-frequency oscillations (450 minute −1 ) superimposed on 40 minute −1 low-frequency respiratory cycles, I:E ratio = 1:1], oscillatory continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 7–10 cmH 2 O, and demand CPAP of 8–10 cmH 2 O. (4) A fourth group, spontaneously ventilating (SV, n = 17), was anesthetized, intubated, but not ventilated mechanically. FiO 2 in all groups was 0.5. Anesthesia was maintained at a surgical plane by IV administration of a ketamine/xylazine mixture (10 + 2 mg kg −1 , as necessary) for 3 hours after intubation. Total dose of xylazine/ketamine administered and the need for yohimbine to facilitate recovery were quantitated. Results The total dose of xylazine/ketamine was significantly higher in the HFPV and SV groups compared with CMV-1 ( p p Conclusions The HFPV mode of MV led to higher doses of ketamine/xylazine being used than the other modes of MV. Clinical relevance In rabbits, anesthetic dose for the maintenance of anesthesia varied with the mode of MV used. Investigators should be aware of the possibility that changing the mode of ventilation may lead to an alteration in the amount of drug required to maintain anesthesia.
Dehn filling with non-degenerate boundary slope rows

Abstract We prove that Dehn filling a small link exterior with a non-degenerate boundary slope row produces a 3-manifold which is either Haken and ∂ -irreducible or one of very restricted typies of reducible manifolds (Theorem 2), generalizing a result of Culler, Gordon, Luecke and Shalen in the case of a knot exterior (Theorem 1). The result provides some interesting applications on exceptional Dehn fillings (Corollaries 3 and 4) and on telling if a link is small (Corollaries 5 and 6).
STUDIES OF IDIOTYPIC ANTIBODIES : PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTISERA

Rabbits were immunized with a hapten-protein conjugate and sera were collected for 189 days. The antihapten antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography, then the same animal that synthesized the antibody was reinjected with polymerized F(ab')2 fragments of antihapten antibodies. Sera were collected after autoimmunization and tested by an indirect radioimmunoassay technique for reaction with [125I]F(ab')2 fragments of the original antihapten antibody. Results showed that each individual responded to its own F(ab')2 and the antisera were specific for antihapten antibodies of that individual. Quantitative allotype assays established the immunoglobulin nature of the labeled test antigen. Inhibition assays showed that the reaction was specifically inhibitable with hapten. The relationship of this system with other idiotypic systems and the possible autoimmune implications of autoantiidiotypic antibodies are discussed.
GABAB receptor modulators potentiate baclofen‐induced depression of dopamine neuron activity in the rat ventral tegmental area

1 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-phenol (CGP7930) is a recently reported positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptors. In this study, we assessed the ability of CGP7930 to modulate the baclofen-induced depression of dopamine (DA) neuron activity via the activation of GABAB receptors in the ventral tegmental area in rat midbrain slices. 2 The selective GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, depressed the spontaneous firing rate of DA neurons in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50=0.27 μM, n=11). CGP7930 (30 μM) significantly (P<0.05) shifted the baclofen concentration–response curve to the left (EC50=0.15 μM, n=5). The effects of baclofen alone or baclofen coapplied with CGP7930 were fully blocked by 1 μM (2S)-3-[[(1S)-1-(3,4-dichloropheny)ethyl]amino-2-hydroxypropyl] (phenylmethyl) phosphinic acid (CGP55845), a potent and selective GABAB receptor antagonist. 3 In similar experiments, N-[3,3-diphenylpropyl]-α-methylbenzylamine (fendiline) (30 or 50 μM), a compound shown to potentiate GABAB receptor-mediated cortical hyperpolarisation, also significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of baclofen. 4 It is therefore concluded that the recently reported GABAB receptor modulators, CGP7930 and fendiline, can enhance GABAB receptor-mediated depression of DA neuronal activity. This finding suggests a therapeutic potential for GABAB potentiators for the treatment of diseases associated with a hyperfunctional mesocorticolimbic system. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 926–932. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706100
A 12-18-GHz three-pole RF MEMS tunable filter

This paper presents a state-of-the-art RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) wide-band tunable filter designed for the 12-18-GHz frequency range. The coplanar-waveguide filter, fabricated on a glass substrate using loaded resonators with RF MEMS capacitive switches, results in a tuning range of 40% with very fine resolution, and return loss better than 10 dB for the whole tuning range. The relative bandwidth of the filter is 5.7/spl plusmn/0.4% over the tuning range and the size of the filter is 8 mm/spl times/4 mm. The insertion loss is 5.5 and 8.2 dB at 17.8 and 12.2 GHz, respectively, for a 2-k/spl Omega//sq bias line. The loss improves to 4.5 and 6.8 dB at 17.8 and 12.2 GHz, respectively, if the bias line resistance is increased to 20 k/spl Omega//sq. The measured IIP/sub 3/ level is >37 dBm for /spl Delta/f>200 kHz. To our knowledge, this is the widest band planar tunable filter to date.
Majority and minority carrier mobility behavior and device modeling of doped CVD monolayer graphene transistors

Wafer-scale graphene synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) has the potential to enable numerous advanced device and system capabilities [1–3]. The typical reported carrier mobility of CVD graphene is significantly lower than exfoliated or on-SiC material due potentially to different impurity/doping levels and material quality. Elucidating the potential carrier scattering sources in metal catalyzed CVD graphene is essential for realizing high mobility material for both holes and electrons. We constructed field effect transistors using Cu catalyzed LPCVD synthesized p-type doped monolayer graphene and used direct electrical measurements under ambient and vacuum conditions to analyze some important physical aspects of the majority and minority carrier mobility behavior. We measured a dependency between shifting of the Dirac Point directed towards neutral levels under soft vacuum/annealing conditions and an increase in the extracted low-field carrier mobility. Reduction in the effective p-type “doping” of the graphene results in an increase of the carrier mobility of both the minority electrons and majority holes, with a stronger majority carrier dependency. The measured I–V characteristics of the devices are modeled (in the scattering limited regime) using a simple drift/diffusion model implemented in a continuum simulator. Using this model, the effective doping density, carrier concentration, and mobility are extracted for electrons and holes. Analysis of the energy dependency of the carrier mean-free-path for back-scattering, suggests that the hole mobility in this CVD material is limited by large levels of Coulomb scattering, whereas the electron mobility is limited by a combination of both Coulomb and other shorter-range scattering.
Dynamics of social balance on networks

We study the evolution of social networks that contain both friendly and unfriendly pairwise links between individual nodes. The network is endowed with dynamics in which the sense of a link in an imbalanced triad—a triangular loop with one or three unfriendly links—is reversed to make the triad balanced. With this dynamics, an infinite network undergoes a dynamic phase transition from a steady state to “paradise”—all links are friendly—as the propensity p for friendly links in an update event passes through 1 / 2. A finite network always falls into a socially balanced absorbing state where no imbalanced triads remain. If the additional constraint that the number of imbalanced triads in the network not increase in an update is imposed, then the network quickly reaches a balanced final state. I. INTRODUCTION In this work, we investigate the role of friends and enemies on the evolution of social networks. We represent individuals as nodes in a graph and a relationship between individuals as a link that joins the corresponding nodes. To quantify a relationship, we assign the binary variable sij= ± 1 to link ij, with sij= 1 if nodes i and j are friends and sij =�1 ifi and j are enemies Fig. 1. A basic characterization of relationships between mutual acquaintances is the notion of social balance 1,2. The triad ijk is defined as balanced if the sign of the product of the links in the triad, sijsjkski, equals 1, while the triad is imbalanced otherwise. We define a triad to be of type k if it contains k negative links. Thus 0 and 2 are balanced, while 1 and 3 are imbalanced. A balanced triad therefore fulfills the adage that: i a friend of my friend is my friend, ii an enemy of my friend
MAP-O-MAT: internet-based linkage mapping

Summary: MAP-O-MAT is a web-based server for automated linkage mapping of human polymorphic DNA markers. MAP-O-MAT facilitates the verification of order and map distances for custom mapping sets using genotype data from the CEPH database, and from the Marshfield, SNP Consortium and Rutgers linkage maps (exclusive to the deCODE genotyping data). The CRI-MAP program is used for likelihood calculations and some mapping algorithms, and physical map positions are provided from the human genome assembly. Availability: MAP-O-MAT is located at http://compgen.rutgers.edu/mapomat/ Contact: matise@biology.rutgers.edu
Supporting learner-centered information and conewnication technology through engineering capstone project electronic portoflios

The Department of Architectural Engineering at Penn Stare University is committed to adopting learning- based Information and Communication Technologies as a part of the senior capstone design experience, a yearlong course sequence token by allfifrh year students. The pilot program ofthis educationally motivated initiative focuses on the application of student-generated electronicp ortfolios. These web-based portfolios, called Capstone Project Electronic Porfolios. willprovide a multi-faceted benefit to the students, the faculty, the department, and potential employees of AE graduates. This paper will introduce the initiative and provide insight into effectively utilizing modern technologies for teaching and learning in engineering capstone design courses.
Financial Exploitation of Older Persons: Policy Issues and Recommendations for Addressing Them

ABSTRACT The number of reported cases of abuse of older persons living in domestic (noninstitutional) settings in the United States has increased dramatically in the past two decades. A frequent form of elder abuse is financial exploitation (also known as financial abuse), which can occur through the misuse of powers of attorney and guardianships, illegal transfers of property, and outright fraud and theft. Financial crimes against older persons are particularly difficult to examine because they are often unreported by victims and professionals. Congress addressed concerns about financial exploitation in its 2000 reauthorization of the Older Americans Act, which required that the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) conduct a study of financial exploitation of older persons. This article reports the results of the DHHS study.
The effects and side effects of punishing the autistic behaviors of a deviant child

Timeout procedures in the home and extinction and reinforcement of incompatible behaviors in the laboratory failed to eliminate the disruptive and dangerous climbing behavior of a deviant child. Punishment with electric shock was used to eliminate this behavior in the laboratory and then in the home. The effects were reversible and were restricted to specific stimulus conditions. A less severe form of punishment was used to eliminate the child's autistic rocking. Other behaviors of the subject were continuously measured in the laboratory to determine the side effects of punishment. No suppression of other behaviors correlated with punishment was noted. However, the rate of some behaviors increased when punishment was used to eliminate deviant behaviors, but these increases were, primarily, desirable.
Recommended Spacewire Standard Quality of Service Improvement (while Maintaining Backward Compatibility)

This presentation covers a SpaceWire major concern poor Quality of Service (QoS) and provides recommendation to fix SpaceWire QoS for heritage SpaceWire designs.
Weak boson emission in hadron collider processes

The $\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ virtual weak radiative corrections to many hadron collider processes are known to become large and negative at high energies, due to the appearance of Sudakov-like logarithms. At the same order in perturbation theory, weak boson emission diagrams contribute. Since the $W$ and $Z$ bosons are massive, the $\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ virtual weak radiative corrections and the contributions from weak boson emission are separately finite. Thus, unlike in QED or QCD calculations, there is no technical reason for including gauge boson emission diagrams in calculations of electroweak radiative corrections. In most calculations of the $\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ electroweak radiative corrections, weak boson emission diagrams are therefore not taken into account. Another reason for not including these diagrams is that they lead to final states which differ from that of the original process. However, in experiment, one usually considers partially inclusive final states. Weak boson emission diagrams thus should be included in calculations of electroweak radiative corrections. In this paper, I examine the role of weak boson emission in those processes at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC for which the one-loop electroweak radiative corrections are known to become large at high energies (inclusive jet, isolated photon, $Z+1$ jet, Drell-Yan, di-boson, $\overline{t}t$, and single top production). In general, I find that the cross section for weak boson emission is substantial at high energies and that weak boson emission and the $\mathcal{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ virtual weak radiative corrections partially cancel.
The identity of Batasio tengana(Hamilton, 1822), with the description of two new species of Batasio from north‐eastern India (Teleostei: Bagridae)

Batasio tengana is redescribed on the basis of fresh material and a neotype designated. Two new species are described: Batasio fasciolatus n. sp. is described from material previously identified as B. tengana from the Brahmaputra River drainage and can be distinguished from congeners in having a combination of five to six vertical dark brown bars on a light brown body, dorsal-spine length 13·6-16·8% standard length (L S ), pectoral-spine length 12·7-14·3% L S , and eye diameter 16·5-18·8% head length (L H ). Batasio spilurus n. sp. is described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Assam and can be distinguished from congeners in having a short adipose-fin base (12·6-12·8 v. 14·5-33·3% Ls) and more slender caudal peduncle (5·7-6·2 v. 6·7-11·8% L S ).
Role of DE-cadherin in neuroblast proliferation, neural morphogenesis, and axon tract formation in Drosophila larval brain development.

In the wild-type brain, the Drosophila classic cadherin DE-cadherin is expressed globally by postembryonic neuroblasts and their lineages (“secondary lineages”), as well as glial cells. To address the role of DE-cadherin in the larval brain, we took advantage of the dominant-negative DE-cadexconstruct, the expression of which was directed to neurons, glial cells, or both. Global expression of DE-cadex driven by a heat pulse during the early second instar resulted in a severe phenotype that included deficits in neural proliferation. Neuroblasts appeared in approximately normal numbers but had highly reduced mitotic activity. When the DE-cadex construct was driven by the glial-specific driver gcm-Gal4, the effect of DE-cadex on neuroblast proliferation could be replicated, which indicates that DE-cadherin acts in glial cells to promote proliferation of neuroblasts. Expression of DE-cadex in neurons, cortex glia, or both results in abnormalities in cortex layering and in trajectories of secondary axons. In the wild-type brain, neuroblasts and neurons generated at different time points are arranged concentrically around the neuropile, with the DE-cadherin-positive neuroblasts and young secondary neurons at the surface, followed by older secondary neurons and primary neurons. Axons of secondary lineages follow a straight radial course toward the neuropile. Processes of glial cells located in the cortex form a scaffold, called trophospongium, that enwraps neuroblasts and neurons. Expression of DE-cadex in neurons, cortex glia, or both disrupted the regular placement of neuroblasts and secondary neurons and resulted in abnormal trajectories of cell body fiber tracts. We conclude that DE-cadherin plays a pivotal role in larval brain proliferation, brain cortex morphogenesis, and axon growth.
Probabilistic risk assessment for decision making during spacecraft operations

Decisions made during the operational phase of a space mission often have significant and immediate consequences. Without the explicit consideration of the risks involved and their representation in a solid model, it is very likely that these risks are not considered systematically in trade studies. Wrong decisions during the operational phase of a space mission can lead to immediate system failure whereas correct decisions can help recover the system even from faulty conditions. A problem of special interest is the determination of the system fault protection strategies upon the occurrence of faults within the system. Decisions regarding the fault protection strategy also heavily rely on a correct understanding of the state of the system and an integrated risk model that represents the various possible scenarios and their respective likelihoods.
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF TWO KANGAROO RATS (DIPODOMYS) TO THE 1997–1998 EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION EVENT

In southern California the Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans) occurs in shrub-dominated habitats adjacent to forb- or grass-dominated habitats, which support the endangered Stephens's kangaroo rat (D. stephensi). We monitored a number of populations of both species from 1996 through 2000, spanning the 1997- 1998 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Although populations of D. stephensi were not significantly impacted by this climatic event, D. simulans declined from 10-24 individuals/ha to about 7-12 individuals/ha over a 6- to 8-month period; numbers subsequently continued to decline to 1-2 individuals/ha and failed to recover in the approximately 2.5 years of post-ENSO monitoring. We noticed no signs of sickness or illness among these animals, although adult body masses of D. simulans (but not D. stephensi) declined through the ENSO event, suggesting that food resources for the former species may have been compromised. Alternatively, populations of D. simulans may have been unusually high before the ENSO event, such that the onset of rains merely hastened a predictable winter die-off. Finally, other rodents could have robbed seeds from the food caches of Dulzura kangaroo rats, influencing the ability of the latter to survive the ENSO event. Although this explanation remains speculative, cache pilferage has been demonstrated among other heteromyids, and a recent theoretical study suggests this may be an important mechanism of species coexistence. Further investigations of cache pilferage could enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of these diverse small mammal assemblages.
Peroneal Intraneural Ganglia Formation Causing Foot Drop in Children: A Clinical Perspective

The intraneural ganglion cyst is a rare clinical entity. It is a non-neoplastic mucinous cyst that occurs in the epineurium of a peripheral nerve. It is most commonly described in the lower extremity at the head of the fibula involving the peroneal nerve, although the tibial and sciatic nerves also have been involved to a lesser degree. At the upper extremity, the suprascapular, radial, posterior interosseous, median, and ulnar nerves can be affected. More than 300 cases of peroneal ganglion cysts have been reported since 1810, but only 14 cases in the pediatric population (patients <16 years of age). The clinical presentation may vary, but includes pain, motor and or sensory dysfunction of the affected nerve. It also may present as a palpable mass. The differential diagnosis should include extraneural ganglion and cystic nerve sheath tumors benign or malignant. Several theories regarding the mechanism of formation have been described, including the extra-articular embryonic remnants, epi or perineurial mucosa degeneration, cystic degeneration, and lastly the origin is in the synovial joint allowing the synovial fluid to travel within the epineurium of the articular branch supplying the joint. The latter is referred as the unifying theory. The preoperative evaluation must include taking the patient’s history and a thorough physical examination. Electrophysiologic studies are helpful. Ultrasonography can be used to document the size of the intraneural cyst, and magnetic resonance imaging can better document the solid components and enhancement features that can be useful to the surgeon. Intraoperatively, the cyst can be 2e10 cm distal to the common peroneal nerve. The articular branch connects the cyst to the superior tibiofibular articulation. The cyst content is aspirated and external and or internal neurolysis of the nerve performed. Postoperatively, the patient’s motor function might improve or remain the same, but his or her pain usually will improve. The recognition and the ligation of the articular branch are important to treat this
Simple Models for Colloidal Aggregation, Dielectric Breakdown and Mechanical Breakdown Patterns

Some simple models for colloidal aggregation, dielectric breakdown and mechanical breakdown patterns are described. These non-equilibrium growth and aggregation models frequently lead to the formation of complex structures which have a random fractal geometry. They provide a basis for understanding a wide range of phenomena of both practical and scientific importance. In some instances experimental realizations of these simple models have been found. The models discussed in these lectures also provide a sound basis for the development of more elaborate, but more realistic, models which can be applied to a broader range of processes.
Beyond Product-Process Innovation: The Case of Service Innovation by Product Manufacturers

In the extant innovation literature, the question of how a firm’s technological innovation position relates to service innovation has been relatively understudied. While the extant literature finds strong support for technological innovation with respect to product and process, the question of an additional innovation search has received little attention. I seek to advance this area of research by examining factors that influence the technologically innovative product manufacturing firm to innovate in new services. Using data on entry into professional services, I find empirical evidence that platform innovators are more likely to innovate in services than device innovators. Also, as manufacturing firms diversify into non-manufacturing technologies, they will be more likely to innovate in services. The study suggests that a multiproduct-service innovation cycle is a useful complement to the classic product-process innovation model in prior research because it provides insights into a broader range of inno...
Analysis on Moving Rule of Solids inside Dynamic Machine for Drilling Fluid

The dynamic driver pressure filter for drilling fluid (The following is called dynamic machine for short.) is a newly developed test model used for drilling fluid solids control at the demand of modern drilling technology.The moving rule of the solids inside the machine all has great influences on its capacity and effect.This paper discusses the jumping conditions of the solids in the filtrate and the moving rule after jumping based on the theory of mechanics.
Immunology and immunotherapy of childhood neoplasia.

Much clinical and laboratory data have now been accumulated which suggest that an immunologic approach to neoplasia may produce useful therapeutic, as well as diagnostic, tools in the foreseeable future. This paper describes the clinical and laboratory evidence that host immune responses can affect the growth of tumors, evaluates the current state of the immunology and immunotherapy of two common pediatric tumors, acute leukemia and neuroblastoma, and describes the potential usefulness of immunodiagnosis in pediatric tumors.
United States-China two-way direct investment: Opportunities and challenges

Abstract There is surprisingly little cross investment between the U.S. and China, the two largest economies in the world. Only 1.5% of the stock of U.S. direct investment abroad was in China at end-2015. The stock of Chinese direct investment in the U.S. is also lower than would be expected given that the U.S. is the world’s largest recipient of FDI. In recent years, however, the flow of direct investment from China to the U.S. has accelerated rapidly, and if current trends persist within a short time there will be a larger stock of Chinese investment in the U.S. than of U.S. investment in China. The small amount of U.S. investment in China can be traced to two primary factors: first, poor protection of property rights, including intellectual property rights (IPR), which limits the potential benefits that U.S. firms can receive from their technology and brands; and China’s restrictions on direct investment in many sectors important to U.S. firms. Among G-20 countries, China is the most restrictive in terms of openness to direct investment. The relatively small amount of Chinese investment in the U.S. can also be traced to two factors: first, much of the initial impetus for Chinese firms to go out was to secure natural resources, while the U.S. is not a resource-rich country relative to its GDP or population; and second, the national security reviews of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. have soured many Chinese investors on the U.S. market. The two countries have agreed to negotiate a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). This could open the doors to large amounts of investment in both directions if it addresses key issues. For U.S. firms, access to more sectors and better protection of IPR are crucial. Chinese firms seek a less politicized environment in which to invest. In its Third Plenum decision of 2013 the Communist Party leadership indicated its intention to open more sectors to foreign investment and competition. A BIT could help lock in these necessary reforms.
Abstract P297: Comparing Blood Pressure Control in Diabetic verses Non-Diabetic Veterans following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

Background: Blood pressure (BP) control in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is beneficial on morbidity and mortality, however the US Joint National Committee VII (JNC-7) also recommends ...
Abstract 2302: Differences in risk factor-colorectal adenoma associations according to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use

Multiple observational studies and large, randomized controlled trials indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) strongly reduce risk for colorectal neoplasms. The strengths of these findings suggest that NSAIDs may so mask various risk factor-colorectal neoplasm associations, that they may be undetectable among NSAID users. Temporal changes and between-population differences in regular NSAID use prevalence may account for some of the inconsistencies in reported findings for risk factor-colorectal neoplasm associations. We investigated whether associations of known colorectal cancer risk factors with colorectal adenoma differed by non-aspirin NSAID use using pooled data from 3 colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma conducted in Minnesota, North Carolina, and South Carolina between 1991 and 2002. Participants (n=789 cases, 2,035 polyp-free controls) provided risk factor data prior to colonoscopy. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for those in the highest relative to the lowest quartiles of exposure, by regular non-aspirin NSAID non-use/use, respectively, were 1.57 (CI 0.96, 2.55) vs. 1.22 (CI 0.40, 3.70) for total fat, 1.37 (CI 0.86, 2.18) vs. 0.78 (CI 0.26, 2.35) for saturated fat, 0.92 (CI 0.67, 1.26) vs. 1.31 (CI 0.62, 2.76) for total calcium, 0.88 (CI 0.64, 1.22) vs. 1.38 (CI 0.65, 2.93) for total fruits and vegetables, 1.05 (CI 0.73, 1.50) vs. 0.73 (CI 0.33, 1.62) for red and processed meats, and 0.84 (CI 0.65, 1.10) vs. 0.97 (CI 0.54,1.75) for physical activity. For current smokers relative to never smokers, the ORs (CIs) among regular non-NSAID users/non-users were 2.88 (CI 2.20, 3.77) vs. 1.64 (CI 0.85, 3.17), respectively, and for those who were obese relative to those who were normal weight, they were 1.65 (CI 1.27, 2.16) vs. 1.20 (CI 0.70, 2.04). The associations of age, height, and intakes of alcohol, dietary fiber, and total folate with adenoma did not substantially differ according to NSAID use. These findings suggest that regular non-aspirin NSAID use may mask, beyond simple confounding, associations of various risk factors with colorectal adenoma, suggesting that differential proportions of regular NSAID users between study populations may explain some inconsistencies in reported risk factor-colorectal neoplasm associations, and support routinely assessing such associations stratified by regular non-aspirin NSAID use. Citation Format: Sobia Mujtaba, Roberd M. Bostick. Differences in risk factor-colorectal adenoma associations according to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2302
Chaperonin GroEL accelerates protofibril formation and decorates fibrils of the Het-s prion protein

We have studied the interaction of the prototypical chaperonin GroEL with the prion domain of the Het-s protein using solution and solid-state NMR, electron and atomic force microscopies, and EPR. While GroEL accelerates Het-s protofibril formation by several orders of magnitude, the rate of appearance of fibrils is reduced. GroEL remains bound to Het-s throughout the aggregation process and densely decorates the fibrils at a regular spacing of ∼200 A. GroEL binds to the Het-s fibrils via its apical domain located at the top of the large open ring. Thus, apo GroEL and bullet-shaped GroEL/GroES complexes in which only a single ring is capped by GroES interact with the Het-s fibrils; no evidence is seen for any interaction with football-shaped GroEL/GroES complexes in which both rings are capped by GroES. EPR spectroscopy shows that rotational motion of a nitroxide spin label, placed at the N-terminal end of the first β-strand of Het-s fibrils, is significantly reduced in both Het-s/GroEL aggregates and Het-s fibrils, but virtually completely eliminated in Het-s/GroEL fibrils, suggesting that in the latter, GroEL may come into close proximity to the nitroxide label. Solid-state NMR measurements indicate that GroEL binds to the mobile regions of the Het-s fibril comprising the N-terminal tail and a loop connecting β-strands 4 and 5, consistent with interactions involving GroEL binding consensus sequences located therein.
Abstract ID: 187 Validation of dual energy CT atomic composition extraction using proton Monte Carlo

Proton Monte Carlo (MC) simulations model the physics processes between protons and medium and yield more accurate dose calculation compared to proton stopping power based pencil beam convolution algorithm. MC simulation is also essential for prompt gamma and proton-induced isotope production for in vivo proton range detection. It requires the tissue element composition to be determined from patient CT images. We propose a new hierarchical clustering based approach in extracting the atomic composition in human tissues from Dual Energy CT (DECT) scans and a method for validation using MC simulations. 70 published human tissues samples were used for the theoretical study of this approach. The tissues were first clustered by their composition similarities using hierarchical clustering. For each tissue cluster, three base tissues were randomly selected. Other tissues in this cluster were the weighted sum of these base tissues, where the weights were derived by fitting the attenuation coefficients calculated from DECT X-ray spectrums. The derived tissue atomic compositions and effective atomic number were compared with the ground truth. Animal tissues were scanned using a DECT scanner. The tissues were then irradiated using a PBS proton beam. A double Gaussian proton source has been modeled in GEANT4. Using these images, source model and extraction method, Monte Carlo simulations will be run mimicking the experimental setup. The soft tissues and bones were clustered into 8 subcategories, with cophenetic correlation 0.895 and inconsistency coefficient (IC) > 1.15 ( IC max = 1.1547 ). The mean and standard deviations of the difference in the derived atomic compositions and the ground truth for H, C, N, O, Ca, P were 0.05% (±0.07%), 1.56% (±2.02%), 0.61% (±0.55%), 1.81% (±2.37%), 0.03% (±0.07%), 0.13% (±0.16%), respectively. The Z eff from derived elemental composition was within 0.04 from the true values. We have investigated a new approach to extract the atomic composition from DECT scans. The accuracy of the extraction was demonstrated for published tissue samples. This approach will be validated using the DECT scans of animal tissues and GEANT4 source model, by comparing the Zeff derived from this method against measurements from proton beam irradiations.
Control Strategy for an Assistive Exoskeleton for Sit-to-Stand Transition

Approximately 1.5 million senior citizens live under nursing supervision, and most require assistance with at least one or more Activities of Daily Living (ADL). These include transferring in and out of chairs, beds and toilets, which necessitates the ability to perform sit-to-stand transitions. The sit-to-stand transition is a complex full-body activity that requires the synergistic coordination of the upper and lower limbs and trunk. This paper presents a model-based control approach for an exoskeleton device that can provide assistance at the ankle, knee, and hip joints. Validation of the controller is based on simulations on a four-link model of the human body. The results show that the control strategy is successful for different sit-to-stand transition speeds, and when the user is providing only a part of the required torques or has a single weak joint. The results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in the presence of modeling error that provides further support for the robustness of this approach.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2-deficient mice are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a serine/threonine kinase and plays a key role in different disease processes. Previously, we showed that GRK2 knockdown enhances wound healing in colo...
Highly Efficient Energy Transfer Between TMDCs and Organic Materials

We demonstrate MoS 2 photodetectors sensitized with highly absorbing organic j-aggregate thin films. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) radius of 1.649 nm was estimated across the hybrid organic-inorganic interface.
Application of a Mean Field Approximation to Two Systems that Exhibit Self-Organized Criticality

In this exposition, a mean field analysis will be applied to predict and explain some of the features observed in two systems that are known to exhibit self-organized criticality: the sandpile model of Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld [1], and a variation using continuous values that was introduced by Zhang [2]. It will be argued that mean field of Tang and Bak [3] is problematic in that it fails to converge. The modification suggested here introduces a parameter to account for sandgrains falling off the edge of the sandpile; this balances the sandgrains which are dropped on the sandpile from above. The modified analysis is then applied to the equilibrium state of the sandpile, and to the time evolution toward equilibrium. The analysis is then extended to other systems which exhibit self-organized critical behavior.
An Activity-Based Sleep Monitor System for Ambulatory Use

Wrist activity measured with a piezoceramic transducer was digitized and analyzed together with subjects' sleep/wake status to derive an optimal method for automatic computer sleep/wake scoring. Several algorithms for quantifying periods of activity were considered, and an algorithm that summed changes in activity level over a 2-s interval was found most sensitive. A computer program for scoring sleep/wake from the resulting digital activity records was then developed, and parameters derived by comparison with subjects' sleep/wake status as determined by EEG. EEG and activity sleep/wake scores agreed 94.46% of the time. A further prospective test of the automatic scoring system with new data yielded agreement of 96.02%. Finally, the data collection and recording functions were implemented in a wearable microprocessor-based digital activity monitor. The automatic scoring program was adjusted to use activity data collected by this monitor, and agreed 93.88% with EEG scoring. A prospective test with new data agreed 93.04% with EEG. Automatic scoring of activity data for sleep/wake is not only fast and accurate, but allows sleep to be monitored in non-laboratory situations. In addition, the score is objective and reliable, and free of scorer bias and drift.
Intentions and Intending

In this chapter we continue the study of intentions began in Chapter 2, §5. Recall that an intention is in this book what a person intends, not a state of intending. We tackle the question raised there whether intentions are actions or propositions. We argue that they are neither. Obviously, they are not prescriptions or mandates. Intentions and prescriptions exhaust the category of practitions. We show that intentions have a two-valued logical structure in a way exactly parallel to that of prescriptions, studied in Chapter 4. We need again Meta-theorem I of Chapter 3, § 14. Similarly we have the problem of elucidating the designated value of intentions involved in implication. Maintaining the principle of the unity of reason, since prescriptions and intentions are complementary basic units of content of practical thinking, we adopt the view that that value is very much the same as the Legitimacy of prescriptions. Thus, we built on Chapter 5 an account of the Legitimacy values of intentions. The causal role of intending is discussed in Chapter 10.
Resonant two-photon spectroscopy of the 2 s 3 d 1 D 2 level of neutral Be 9

We report an absolute frequency measurement of the $2s3d{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{D}_{2}$ state in neutral $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ using two-photon spectroscopy with a resonant intermediate state. The absolute center-of-gravity energy is determined to be 64 428.40 321(55) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, a factor of 180 more precise than the previous experimental measurement. We also confirm our previous result for the energy of the intermediate $2s2p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ level. Precision is limited by unresolved hyperfine structure and the complications of performing resonant two-photon spectroscopy on an atomic beam. A three-level rate-equation analysis is presented to explore, and minimize, systematic uncertainties arising from small deviations of the angle between the atomic and optical beams off-perpendicular.
Effects of a Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health, Health Beliefs, and Medical Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Many employers use workplace wellness programs to improve employee health and reduce medical costs, but randomized evaluations of their efficacy are rare. Objective To evaluate the effect of a comprehensive workplace wellness program on employee health, health beliefs, and medical use after 12 and 24 months. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial of 4834 employees of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was conducted from August 9, 2016, to April 26, 2018. Members of the treatment group (n = 3300) received incentives to participate in the workplace wellness program. Members of the control group (n = 1534) did not participate in the wellness program. Statistical analysis was performed on April 9, 2020. Interventions The 2-year workplace wellness program included financial incentives and paid time off for annual on-site biometric screenings, annual health risk assessments, and ongoing wellness activities (eg, physical activity, smoking cessation, and disease management). Main Outcomes and Measures Measures taken at 12 and 24 months included clinician-collected biometrics (16 outcomes), administrative claims related to medical diagnoses (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) and medical use (office visits, inpatient visits, and emergency department visits), and self-reported health behaviors and health beliefs (14 outcomes). Results Among the 4834 participants (2770 women; mean [SD] age, 43.9 [11.3] years), no significant effects of the program on biometrics, medical diagnoses, or medical use were seen after 12 or 24 months. A significantly higher proportion of employees in the treatment group than in the control group reported having a primary care physician after 24 months (1106 of 1200 [92.2%] vs 477 of 554 [86.1%]; adjustedP = .002). The intervention significantly improved a set of employee health beliefs on average: participant beliefs about their chance of having a body mass index greater than 30, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and impaired glucose level jointly decreased by 0.07 SDs (95% CI, −0.12 to −0.01 SDs;P = .02); however, effects on individual belief measures were not significant. Conclusions and Relevance This randomized clinical trial showed that a comprehensive workplace wellness program had no significant effects on measured physical health outcomes, rates of medical diagnoses, or the use of health care services after 24 months, but it increased the proportion of employees reporting that they have a primary care physician and improved employee beliefs about their own health. Trial Registration American Economic Association Randomized Controlled Trial Registry number:AEARCTR-0001368
Outcomes of Surgical Management of Intraosseous Ganglia of the Carpal Bones: A Case Series.

BackgroundIntraosseous ganglia of the carpal bones are uncommon with sparse publications to guide treatment. The purpose of this study was to review a single-institution experience to determine the...
Towards Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Machine Learning

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral neuropathy affecting the hand function. Although the most complains from patients with CTS are fine motor control failures in daily manual activities, parameters of hand functional control have not been considered neither in current diagnostic nor evaluation process. In addition, CTS has been identified as an occupational disease. Over 50% of reported CTS cases are work related. However, early screening protocols of CTS at a preliminary stage are absent, and thus unable to prevent further complications, especially for high-risk populations who can advance their CTS stage on daily work basis. In the current protocol, we aim to identify important parameters of hand functional control that are indicative of CTS clinical occurrence and severity stages. Based on designed experiments during hand grasping, we performed machine learning classifiers to detect, filter and subtract important biomarkers or groups of biomarkers that dominantly classify the CTS hand and its severity. The identified biomarkers not only provide a high potential of a paradigm shift in CTS management, but also are able to shed light on hand functional evaluations associated with this neuropathy. In this paper, we adopt one of machine learning approaches, random forests, to the raw experimental hand function gripping data to identify the most important biomarkers for CTS. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed work.
Unexpected Binding of Tozuleristide "Tumor Paint" to Cerebral Vascular Malformations: A Potentially Novel Application of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery.

Background Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is under investigation as a means to improve the extent of resection for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Tozuleristide, known also as "Tumor Paint," is an investigational tumor-targeting agent covalently conjugated to a derivative of the fluorescent dye indocyanine green. Objective To report the finding of avid intraoperative fluorescence of tozuleristide on cerebral vascular malformations. Methods Our institution is participating in a phase 2/3 study of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence detection of pediatric primary CNS tumors in patients receiving intravenous tozuleristide and imaged with the Canvas system. Our site enrolled 2 patients with intracranial lesions, suspected preoperatively of possibly being gliomas that proved to be cavernous vascular malformations after resection. Results Each lesion had a dark blue mulberry appearance and each fluoresced avidly with tozuleristide. Each was completely resected, and the patients recovered without deficit. Pathological assessment showed cavernous angioma for both cases. Tozuleristide fluorescence is postulated to result from binding to matrix metalloproteinase-2 and annexin A2, and literature review demonstrates expression of both these ligands on multiple cerebrovascular lesions, including cavernous malformations. Conclusion This finding deserves further investigation to determine if tozuleristide "Tumor Paint" may have a wider role in the identification of non-neoplastic intracranial pathologies.