cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interface Properties of Ceramic Composites at High Temperature

For high-temperature performance of ceramic composites, interfaces are designed to provide toughness through debonding while resisting thermal oxidation in aggressive environments. Thus, the evaluation of interfacial properties at high temperatures is of critical importance. In recent work at USC, interfacial properties were measured at high temperatures by single fiber pushout tests. Six advanced ceramic composites were selected to perform pushout testing at 20–1000°C. Variation in interface designs and effects of thermal history were evaluated with respect to interface failure strength. At higher temperatures, the average interfacial bond strength was often higher. SEM observations were correlated with pushout measurements to evaluate the interfacial behavior.
Social network characteristics of hospitalized depressed patients.

22 patients with primary or secondary affective disorder and 22 hospitalized control patients with no history of psychiatric disorder completed questionnaires about their relationships with other people. Similar questionnaires were completed by one friend or relative of 20 patients and 20 control subjects about the subjects' social network. Depressed patients reported that significantly fewer people were available who would offer them help or who had similar interests. They reported less contact with members of their social network. The friends or relatives of depressed patients reported the patients had fewer friends who shared values or were concerned than did those of the control group. The data were interpreted as consistent with both the helplessness and behavioral models of depression.
Sustained oscillations in simple models for chemical vapor deposition

Simple models for the chemical vapor deposition of carbide films are developed and their dynamic behavior is analyzed. By performing a parameter search, certain sets of model parameters were identified that yield stable limit cycles for the gas phase reagent concentrations at the substrate surface. The concentration oscillations are seen to arise from a balance between reagent supply to the substrate and concentration-dependent consumption terms. The changes in the surface concentration could alter the observed deposit from one form to another, and could lead to the laminar structure observed in certain carbide coatings.
Olfactory bulbectomy prevents short photoperiod-induced anestrus in female golden hamsters.

Abstract When female golden hamsters are maintained on a photoperiod of less than 12.5 h of light per day, they go into a pineal gland-induced anestrus in 6–10 weeks. This acyclicity is similar in certain respects to the testicular regression which occurs in male golden hamsters maintained on a short photoperiod. A recent study has indicated that pre-pubertal olfactory bulbectomy (BX) will prevent the testicular regression in adult male hamsters exposed to a short photoperiod. The present study tested the effect of pre-pubertal or adult BX on the anestrus associated with maintenance of adult female golden hamsters on short photoperiod. In Expt. 1, hamsters were pre-pubertally sham BX (SH) or BX (23–25 days of age) and then maintained on LD 14:10 or LD 6:18 for 15 weeks. In Expt. 2, hamsters were SH or BX as adults (63–65 days of age) and maintained on LD 6:18 for 13 weeks. The estrous cycles of all animals were monitored on a daily basis. In Expt. 1, all animals on LD 14:10 had regular estrous cycles for the duration of the study. Sixty percent of the SH group on LD 6:18 became anestrous, whereas 87.5% of the BX group on LD 6:18 continued having regular cycles. In Expt. 2, 80% of the SH group became anestrous while 90% of the BX group continued having regular estrous cycles. The possible mechanisms whereby BX affects the cyclicity of female hamsters is discussed. The fact that BX resulted in increased morning gonadotropin levels and ovarian weight in animals on LD 14:10, as well as in the hamsters on short photoperiod, suggests that there is a relationship between the olfactory bulb and the reproductive system that is independent of the photoperiod, in addition to more dramatic effects of olfaction on reproduction in animals on a short photoperiod.
Accelerating the commercialization of university technologies for military healthcare applications: the role of the proof of concept process

The von Liebig Center for Entrepreneurism and Technology Advancement at UC San Diego (vonliebig.ucsd.edu) is focused on accelerating technology transfer and commercialization through programs and education on entrepreneurism. Technology Acceleration Projects (TAPs) that offer pre-venture grants and extensive mentoring on technology commercialization are a key component of its model which has been developed over the past ten years with the support of a grant from the von Liebig Foundation. In 2010, the von Liebig Entrepreneurism Center partnered with the U.S. Army Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC), to develop a regional model of Technology Acceleration Program initially focused on military research to be deployed across the nation to increase awareness of military medical needs and to accelerate the commercialization of novel technologies to treat the patient. Participants to these challenges are multi-disciplinary teams of graduate students and faculty in engineering, medicine and business representing universities and research institutes in a region, selected via a competitive process, who receive commercialization assistance and funding grants to support translation of their research discoveries into products or services. To validate this model, a pilot program focused on commercialization of wireless healthcare technologies targeting campuses in Southern California has been conducted with the additional support of Qualcomm, Inc. Three projects representing three different universities in Southern California were selected out of forty five applications from ten different universities and research institutes. Over the next twelve months, these teams will conduct proof of concept studies, technology development and preliminary market research to determine the commercial feasibility of their technologies. This first regional program will help build the needed tools and processes to adapt and replicate this model across other regions in the Country.
Psychological Empowerment and Child Welfare Worker Outcomes: A Path Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate how work environment and psychological empowerment related to worker outcomes in public child welfare. These relationships were examined by testing a conceptual model in which psychological empowerment mediated the relationships between work environment variables (quality of supervision and role ambiguity) and worker outcome variables (emotional exhaustion and intentions to remain employed in child welfare). Responses from 234 public child welfare front-line workers in a southeastern state were used to test the proposed mediating model. The results of the study revealed that quality of supervision and psychological empowerment were directly related to workers’ intentions to remain employed in child welfare. An indirect relationship between quality of supervision and intentions to remain through the mediating variable of psychological empowerment was found. Quality of supervision was also indirectly related to worker emotional exhaustion through the mediating variable of psychological empowerment. While the work environment variable role ambiguity was not directly related to the outcomes emotional exhaustion or intentions to remain, indirect relationships through the mediating variable of psychological empowerment were found.
Double activation analysis: a new application of established techniques.

Water samples show a drop from 9.8 ..mu..g Mn/mL immediately after /sup 55/Mn-/sup 56/Mn addition to 1.8 ..mu..g Mn/mL after 6 h. Root samples show an increase from 750 ..mu..g Mn/g soon after introduction of the tracers to 1400 ..mu..g Mn/g after 2 h, achieving a maximum of over 4000 ..mu..g at 10 h. The initial activation of stable Mn provided radiomanganese-/sup 56/Mn for immediate tracer study. The second activation (double activation) activated some of the stable Mn which escaped the initial activation, providing radiomanganese-/sup 56/Mn for long-term tracer study. The over-lapping data points shown as open and closed circles and the continuation of data points for up to 20 days establish the usefulness of the double activation analysis technique for short-term and long-term tracer studies.
Do substitutional solutes soften or embrittle cracktips in α-Fe?

We employ atomistic modeling to examine the influence substitutional solutes have on the activated process of nucleating dislocations from cracktips in α-Fe. We demonstrate a strong correspondence between the energy landscape of the solute during an idealized block-like sliding process and the influence on the activation energy barrier for dislocation emission near a idealized cracktip. Using a series of solute potentials developed with input from ab initio calculations, these models predict that Cu and Ni both lower the activation energy barriers for emission, while solutes such as Mo and W raise the barriers. For solutes that raise or lower the emission barriers, the implications on the overall nucleation frequency turns out to be very different.
Executive Orders and Administrative Control

One of the key recommendations of the Winter Commission was the empowerment of governors over the executive branch. However, key institutions have not evolved in this direction; the long ballot still exists in most states, and the formal powers of governors have strengthened to their probable capacity. The authors suggest that a quasi-formal power—the gubernatorial use of executive orders—may be a significant tool for empowering the governor in the state administrative realm. Analyzing all executive orders in 49 states for 2004 and 2005, they find variation in the aggregate use of and functions performed through these orders. Many executive orders do allow the government more direction and control of state bureaucracy. Finally, the authors suggest that the study of executive orders may be necessary to understand gubernatorial power in the executive arena and beyond.
Synthesis of the molecular sieve ZSM-5 without the aid of templates

Attempts were made to investigate compositional constraints in the synthesis of pentasil molecular sieves, including aluminosilicate zeolites using no organic templates, from the gel composition aSiO2:Al2O3:bNa2O:1500 H2O, in the temperature range 423–463 K, where a = 20 − ∞, b = 4.5 − 10. When a < 30, the system crystallizes into mordenite as a major phase along with traces of ZSM-5. At SiO2Al2O3 ≥ 60, the contribution from α-quartz increases coexisting with ZSM-5 and mordenite. Some hydrous silicon(IV) oxide also is present as an impurity phase. Almost 100% pure α-quartz is obtained when the gel contains no added alumina. At a composition of a = 40 and b = 4.5–6.0, pure ZSM-5 crystallizes with the occlusion of Na+ in excess of charge compensation on the zeolite framework. As the Na2O content is increased in the gel, the ZSM-5 product is found to be lower in framework silica-alumina ratio, probably due to the greater solubility of silica. The ZSM-5 product so obtained exhibited sorption characteristics (BET surface area, uptake of n-hexane, water at 298 K, p/P0 = 0.8) slightly different from those exhibited by ZSM-5 with the same SiO2Al2O3 ratio synthesized from a system containing an organic template. The structural stability of the zeolite ZSM-5 synthesized using no template was also found to be lower as compared with that for the ZSM-5 synthesized using a template. These differences may result from the occluded excess sodium.
A sparse matrix iterative approach for modeling tree scattering

In this paper we present a computational electromagnetic model for tree scattering at VHF/UHF frequencies. A structure model with dielectric cylinders is being used to simulate trees with bare branches. The method of moments (MoM) solution of the volume integral equation is computed for the tree scattering signature. An efficient numerical algorithm based on the sparse matrix iterative approach (SMIA) is used to solve the matrix equation. The SMIA decomposes the impedance matrix into a sparse matrix for the near interactions, and a complementary matrix for the far interactions among the cylindrical sub-cells of the tree structure. Using a direct sparse solver to estimate the strong interaction part, we iteratively include the weak interaction contribution in order to update the solution. The key feature of the SMIA approach is that very little iteration is required to obtain convergent solutions. We have applied the SMIA tree scattering model to calculate scattering from various simulated trees with up to several hundreds of branches. Solutions obtained from the SMIA method agree very well with the solutions obtained using exact matrix inversion and the conjugate gradient method (CGM). Compared to the CGM, the SMIA approach reduces the number of iterations by a factor of more than a hundred and provides a much faster numerical solution scheme for computing tree scattering. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 198–202, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11014
Equivalent circuit for conductivity-temperature characteristics of the PdO/Ag-Pd glaze resistor

It is shown that a reasonable fit of experimental to calculated data can be obtained with a simple model of the PdO/Ag-Pd glaze resistor. An equivalent circuit describing the temperature characteristics of the glaze resistor is proposed. The experimental measurements can be reproduced quite adequately over a considerable temperature range, using an equivalent circuit consisting of a semiconductor contact resistance in parallel with a metal. A quadratic term in (1/T2) in addition to the usual linear term with (1/T) for In σ is used to obtain a good fit at low temperatures. (T = absolute temperature; σ = conductivity.) This parabolic curve approaches the experimentally observed values for palladium oxide.
Host species composition influences infection severity among amphibians in the absence of spillover transmission

Wildlife epidemiological outcomes can depend strongly on the composition of an ecological community, particularly when multiple host species are affected by the same pathogen. However, the relationship between host species richness and disease risk can vary with community context and with the degree of spillover transmission that occurs among co-occurring host species. We examined the degree to which host species composition influences infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a widespread fungal pathogen associated with amphibian population declines around the world, and whether transmission occurs from one highly susceptible host species to other co-occurring host species. By manipulating larval assemblages of three sympatric amphibian species in the laboratory, we characterized the relationship between host species richness and infection severity, whether infection mediates growth and survivorship differently across various combinations of host species, and whether Bd is transmitted from experimentally inoculated tadpoles to uninfected tadpoles. We found evidence of a dilution effect where Bd infection severity was dramatically reduced in the most susceptible of the three host species (Anaxyrus boreas). Infection also mediated survival and growth of all three host species such that the presence of multiple host species had both positive (e.g., infection reduction) and negative (e.g., mortality) effects on focal species. However, we found no evidence that Bd infection is transmitted by this species. While these results demonstrate that host species richness as well as species identity underpin infection dynamics in this system, dilution is not the product of reduced transmission via fewer infectious individuals of a susceptible host species. We discuss various mechanisms, including encounter reduction and antagonistic interactions such as competition and opportunistic cannibalism that may act in concert to mediate patterns of infection severity, growth, and mortality observed in multihost communities.
Transference and countertransference in the treatment of adult survivors of abuse with a somatoform disorder

The understanding of transference and countertransference has changed a great deal since Freud introduced the terms. A case example indicates one way the patient’s and clinician’s past experiences and expectations interact to create a here and now relationship that is highly influenced by transference/countertransference. The understanding of both terms as aspects of a mutually constituted interaction has practice implications for the treatment of adult survivors of abuse who have a somatoform disorder.
Scaling the neural TSP algorithm

Recent attempts to find a procedure for scaling neural shortest path computations have failed, leading to speculation that the basic optimization method is unreliable and without justification. We report the first effective procedures for scaling such algorithms and demonstrate their validity. Independently of the scaling, an unc onventional approach to neural simulation is described which surprisingly has much the same effect as simulated annealing, but without the need for adjustable run-time parameters (such as temperature).
J/Ψ measurement in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

J/Ψ’s are produced mostly via interactions involving gluons, and are a sensitive probe of the gluon structure function and its modification in nuclei. They are also considered as a leading signal for studying the creation of hot and dense matter in relativistic heavy ion collision. Measurement of J/Ψ production in different colliding systems is important for understanding the nuclear modification factor, and setting a baseline for the study of J/Ψ suppression in heavy ion collisions. In this talk we report the latest results on J/Ψ measurements by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p+p; d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at backward, forward, and mid-rapidity. Nuclear effects are studied as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity and centrality.
Steric and counterion effects on the structure of dipicolylamine nickel complexes

Abstract Four nickel complexes each containing an R-2,2′-dipicolylamine ligand species (RDPA; R = benzyl, isopropyl, or tert- butyl) were synthesized and structurally characterized. In the absence of an interfering coordinating counterion, BzDPA and iPrDPA form 1:2 nickel:ligand complexes, with two facial ligands completing an pseudooctahedral nickel(II) coordination environment. In contrast, the sterically hindered tBuDPA ligand instead forms 1:1 metal:ligand complexes, even in the absence of associating counterions. Two novel tBuDPA nickel complexes with different counterions are described: nickel(II) chloride gives rise to an unusual 2Ni–3Cl dimer complex, while nickel(II) nitrate affords a 1:1 nickel:ligand complex which crystallizes with both fac and mer conformations in the same unit cell.
VERIFYING THAT A GROUP IS VIRTUALLY FREE

This paper is concerned with computation in finitely presented groups. We discuss a procedure for showing that a finite presentation presents a group with a free subgroup of finite index, and we give methods for solving various problems in such groups. Our procedure works by constructing a particular kind of partial groupoid whose universal group is isomorphic to the group presented. When the procedure succeeds, the partial groupoid can be used as an aid to computation in the group.
Mixed Carbonyl-Alkyl Isocyanide Complexes of Molybdenum

Abstract The synthesis of complexes of the type Mo(CO)2(CNR)2(PR3)2 (R = CH3, CMe3 or C6H11 and PR3 = PEt3, PPr n 3 , PMePh2 or PEtPh2) has been accomplished by the reaction of (η3-C3H5)Mo(CO)2(CNR)2Cl with slightly more than two equivalents of PR3. The stereochemistry of these complexes has been deduced from IR and 1H, 13C and 31P NMR measurements. When RNC is reacted with (η3-C3H5)Mo(CO)2(CNR)2Cl in the presence of a small amount of PMePh2, the complexes cis-Mo(CO)2(CNR)4 are formed in 20–25% yield together with [(η3-C3H5)Mo(CO)(CNR)4]+ (R = CMe3 or C6H11). The latter cations have been isolated as their B(C6H5)4− salts. The formation of cis-Mo(CO)2(CNR)4 under these conditions supports the proposal that the phosphine-assisted allyl chloride elimination is an important mechanism in the reactions of phosphines with derivatives of the type (η3-C3H5)Mo(CO)2L2Cl. The X-ray photoelectron spectra of certain complexes of the types Mo(CO)2(CNR)2(PR3)2 and cis-Mo(CO)2(CNR)4 have been recorded and the results are discussed briefly.
Expression of CD27 and ischemia/reperfusion-induced expression of its ligand Siva in rat kidneys

Expression of CD27 and ischemia/reperfusion-induced expression of its ligand Siva in rat kidneys. Background Studies identifying genes that are differentially expressed following induction of acute ischemic injury have been useful in delineating the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. Methods A differential cDNA library screening technique was used to identify genes that are differentially expressed in rat kidney following induction of acute ischemic renal injury. Results Levels of mRNA with a high homology to that coding for Siva, a human proapoptotic protein, were increased approximately 4.5-fold in kidneys obtained from rats within 12 hours following ischemia, compared to kidneys from sham-operated rats. A partial cDNA sequence for the rat protein (rat Siva) was determined that overlaps 92% of the human open reading frame. The cDNA sequence predicts a protein 177 amino acids in length with 76% homology to human Siva. Levels of rat Siva in kidneys were elevated at one, five and seven days post-ischemia. However, levels in kidneys obtained two days post-ischemia were not different from those in kidneys from sham-operated controls. In situ hybridization demonstrated that rat Siva mRNA was expressed in cells lining damaged sections in the S3 segment of the proximal tubule at 12 hours and one day post-ischemia. At five and seven days, Siva mRNA was located in epithelial cells of regenerating tubules including in papillary proliferations. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells colocalized with cells containing Siva mRNA. CD27, the receptor for Siva was localized by immunohistochemistry to sloughed cells in the lumens of damaged S3 segments at 12 hours post-ischemia and to cells within papillary proliferations at five days post-injury. Conclusions Siva that is produced within the kidney could be a mediator of apoptosis post-ischemia via an interaction with CD27.
Effects of Cyclic vs. Acyclic Hydrophobic Subunits on the Chemical Structure and Biological Properties of Nylon-3 Co-Polymers.

Nylon-3 copolymers containing both hydrophobic and cationic subunits can mimic the activity profile of host-defense peptides, if subunit identity and proportion are carefully selected. These sequence- and stereo-random copolymers inhibit bacterial growth at relatively low concentrations, apparently via disruption of bacterial membranes, but they are relatively nondisruptive toward eukaryotic cell membranes (low hemolytic activity). In all previous examples, the hydrophobic subunits have contained cycloalkyl groups that incorporate the backbone Cα–Cβ bond. Here we have explored the effects of using analogous acyclic hydrophobic subunits. The results indicate that replacing cyclic with acyclic hydrophobic subunits has a modest influence on biological properties. This influence appears to arise from differences in subunit flexibility.
A New Regularization of the Planar Problem of Three Bodies

A new method of simultaneously regularizing the three types of binary collisions in the planar problem of three bodies is developed: The coordinates are transformed by means of certain fourth degree polynomials, and a new independent variable is introduced, too. The proposed transformation is in each binary collision locally equivalent to Levi-Civita's transformation, whereas the singularity corresponding to a triple collision is mapped into infinity. The transformed Hamiltonian is a polynomial of degree 12 in the regularized variables.
The Environmental Context of Absorptive Capacity for Collaborative Care Management

Absorptive capacity is a theoretically and practically useful framework for both understanding and informing the acquisition, assimilation and exploitation of innovations within organizations. In t...
Studies of learning to learn: VI. General transfer effects in three-stage mediation

This study investigated the development of paradigm-specific learning skills as a result of experience with a given three-stage transfer task. The transfer tasks were defined by the experimental (E) and the control (C) conditions of a three-stage chaining paradigm, i.e., A-B, B-C, A-C and A-B, D-C, A-C. The experimental procedure comprised three cycles. The first two cycles constituted the training phase and the third cycle was the test phase. During the two cycles of training different groups of S s served in the E and the C condition. In the final test cycle the condition remained the same as in training for half of the S s and was switched for the other half of the S s. Thus there were four treatments defined by the sequence of conditions in the three cycles, viz., EEE, CCE, CCC, and EEC. There was substantial evidence for mediation at all stages. Speed of learning increased as a function of practice under both the E and the C condition. Performance in the transfer task of the final cycle showed a pronounced interaction of the conditions of training and testing. The transfer list was learned significantly better when the conditions of training and testing were the same than when they changed. It is concluded that paradigm-specific modes of responding were established during the training phase.
Molecular prognostic markers in intermediate-thickness cutaneous malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND The limitations of morphologic criteria alone in determining the prognosis for a patient with a particular intermediate-thickness primary melanoma have prompted efforts to identify other markers. METHODS In this study, the authors analyzed expression of p53, β1 integrin, and β3 integrin in primary tumors from 111 patients with intermediate-thickness malignant melanoma. RESULTS Eighty-nine (80%) had detectable p53 protein, 58 (52%) expressed β1 integrin, and 71 (64%) expressed β3 integrin. Patients with β3 positive melanomas were more likely to die of their disease (32 of 71 patients, 45%) than those with β3 negative tumors (3 of 40 patients, 8%) (P < 0.0001). The number of involved lymph nodes, Clark's level, β1 integrin expression, thickness, and mitotic rate also had prognostic significance. β3 integrin was associated with subsequent lung metastases and β1 integrin with lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS Integrin expression, along with histopathologic criteria, is a prognostic marker for intermediate-thickness malignant melanoma and may indicate the site of subsequent metastasis. These observations may have clinical utility and suggest areas for future investigation. Cancer 1999;85:375–82. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Tissue response to the injection of charcoal into the pulmonate gastropod Lehmania poirieri

Abstract The injection of a charcoal suspension into the subintegumentary tissue of a terrestrial gastropod, Lehmania poirieri, rapidly induced this tissue to form a capsule. The capsule is composed of cells that appear to be fibroblasts. Amebocytes or epithelioid cells invade, engulf, and surround the charcoal particles. No multinucleated giant cells were seen.
Microwave-driven He Rydberg atoms: Floquet-state degeneracy lifted by a second frequency, Stueckelberg oscillations, and their destruction by added noise

We investigate microwave excitation of helium 28 $^{3}$S Rydberg atoms and find that a second microwave field lifts the degeneracy of certain Floquet states describing the 28 $^{3}$S He atom plus single microwave field system. As a result a microwave pulse produces two patterns of Stueckelberg oscillations. They depend sensitively on the frequencies and amplitudes of both microwave fields and are influenced differently by added noise. We present two-frequency Floquet maps showing the origin of the interferences.
Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-3 levels with risk of malignant melanoma

We examined the relationship of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its primary growth factor, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) with malignant melanoma using interview data and sera from cases (n = 286) and controls (n = 289) in a population-based case-control study conducted in 1986-1992 on Oahu, Hawaii. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression and adjusting for age, sex, education, number of blistering sunburns, ability to tan, hair color, energy intake, BMI, height, smoking status, and drinking status. An inverse relationship was found between IGF-I concentration and melanoma (OR for upper vs. lower tertile: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25-0.79), but clear associations were not observed between malignant melanoma and upper tertiles of IGFBP-3 and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio. The inverse association with IGF-I was strongest among subjects who did not report a history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (OR for ≥ vs. < median: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24-0.65), and a positive association was found among those with such a history (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.0-13; p (interaction) = 0.0035). Our findings observed here between serum IGF-I and malignant melanoma warrants replication in studies with a larger sample size and a prospective design.
HELP A SCHOOL CHILD PROJECT: TUTORING EXPERIENCES IN THE UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY COURSE

The hypothesis that turtoring experiences would make the undergraduate educational psychology course more meaningful for college students without a loss in traditional achievement was investigated. The thirty-four Ss in the project group volunteered to spend about two hours tutoring and two hours in class each week. The progress of this group was compared with the progress of students in the traditional sections who were exposed to the same tests, text, and instructor. The results suggested that; the tutoring group achieved as high in the traditional sense; the tutoring group significantly increased their attitude toward children and teaching; the tutoring group felt that both they and the children being tutored profited from their experiences; and that the cooperating teachers felt the project should be continued as their students profited from the tutoring.
Influence of soluble Lysine Maillard reaction products on Escherichia coli amino acid Lysine auxotroph growth-based assay

Lysine Maillard reaction products (LMRP) were generated by autoclaving different concentrations and ratios glucose and lysine for 3 h. Effects of LMRP on the Escherichia coli lysine auxotroph (lys - ) were examined in model systems. The slope and y-axis intercept of the standard curve in the absence of LMRP were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than in the presence of LMRP. Our study shows that LMRP can decrease the growth extent of lys - . The E. coli available lysine assay may provide the food industry with a practical approach to rapid and accurate estimation of lysine for least cost formulation in foods.
Rapid purification of the human C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography.

Abstract The human C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) is a polymorphic glycoprotein that is expressed on erythrocytes, leukocytes and glomerular podocytes. Further structural analysis and molecular genetic studies would be facilitated by the availability of relatively larger amounts of purified CR1. Milligram quantities of CR1 were purified from erythrocyte membranes 10,000-fold with an average yield of 30–40% by a rapid procedure which utilized sequential chromatography on Matrex Red A and a monoclonal anti-CR1 antibody affinity column. The purified receptor was homogeneous by SDS-PAGE and consisted of the 2 most common alleles of CR1. Purified CR1 also retained its function of serving as a cofactor for the cleavage of C3b to iC3b, C3dg and C3c. The amino acid composition was typical of that of a globular protein and sequence analysis of the N-terminus of the purified CR1 revealed that it was blocked.
Slopes of P- to S-wave spectral ratios—A broadband regional seismic discriminant and a physical model

Concerns about nuclear proliferation and negotiations toward a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) emphasize the need for robust seismic monitoring and regional discrimination capabilities, especially at low magnitudes. Standard regional discrimination techniques have many shortcomings. For example, they cannot always discriminate shallow, low-magnitude earthquakes or mining-related events. I show that slopes of P- to S-wave spectral ratios can be used to discriminate shallow- and normal-depth earthquakes from explosions and possibly to discriminate explosions from mining-related rockburst or collapse events. P- to S-wave slopes and conventional, high-frequency P- to S-wave spectral amplitude ratios discriminate even better in combination than alone. A comparison of Pn and Lg spectra from Nevada Test Site (NTS) explosions and earthquakes shows that this method discriminates concentrated explosions from earthquakes and other shallow seismic events such as mine collapses because S waves from explosions decay more rapidly at high frequencies than do S waves from earthquakes. Spectra of one-dimensional reflectivity synthetic seismograms show that frequency-dependent attenuation of explosion-generated P- to S-wave converted phases, in the near-surface layers, may be responsible for the differences in Lg (S-wave) spectral falloff. These simulations also show that absolute amplitudes of earthquake P- to S-wave spectral ratios are very sensitive to mechanism and depth, which may help explain the variable performance of conventional methods.
Virtual Community Support for Offline Communities through Online Newspaper Message Forums

A survey of participants in message forums located within the online sites of U.S. newspapers determined that taking part in forum reading and posting helps to predict users' sense that they understand their local communities better but is not related to their actually getting out and taking part in real-world community activities.
45 Use of Atypical Antipsychotics in Privately-Insured Missouri Youth.

BACKGROUND: Atypical antipsychotic medications (risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, and quetiapine fumarate) have not been carefully studied in children despite a dramatic increase in their use. One study in a midwestern Medicaid population found a prevalence for atypical antipsychotics of 13 per 1000 children with psychiatric diagnoses such as attention-deficit, conduct, and mood disorders.
Construction of local nonlinear filter without staircase effect in image restoration

This article introduces an innovative approach to the construction of a local nonlinear filter in image processing, which eliminates staircase effect. A local nonlinear filter changes its characteristics depending on the image content within a local area. Hence, it may preserve the image features. Due to its local property, the filtering algorithm has simple structure and fast performance. Two well-known local nonlinear filters are Yaroslavsky neighbourhood filter (also called sigma filter) and the bilateral filter (also called SUSAN filter). These filters produce very fast and effective denoising algorithms. But, unfortunately, they show staircase effect. To overcome their drawback, in this article we construct a new local nonlinear filter, called directional diffusion filter (DDF), which preserves image features and does not show staircase effect. We also study the DDF's properties and reveal the relation between DDF and Rudin–Osher–Fatemi's total variation model. Since the DDF denoising algorithm is ve...
Static compression of α-Fe2O3: linear incompressibility of lattice parameters and high-pressure transformations

The high-pressure behavior of α-Fe2O3 has been studied under static compression up to 60 GPa, using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Synchrotron-based angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction shows that the sample remains in the corundum structure up to 50 GPa, but with the appearance of coexisting diffraction lines from a high-pressure phase at pressures above 45 GPa. A least-squares fit of low-pressure phase data to an Eulerian finite-strain equation of state yields linear incompressibilities of K a 0=749.5 (± 18.4) GPa and K c 0= 455.7 (± 21.4) GPa, differing by a factor of 1.6 along the two directions. The enhanced compressibility of the c axis may lead to breaking of vertex- or edge-sharing bonds between octahedra, inducing the high-pressure phase transformation at 50 GPa. Analysis of linear compressibilities suggests that the high-pressure phase above 50 GPa is of the Rh2O3 (II) structure. Continuous laser heating reveals a new structural phase transformation of α-Fe2O3 at 22 GPa, to an orthorhombic structure with a=7.305(3) A, b=7.850(3) A, and c=12.877(14) A, different from the Rh2O3 (II) structure.
Using Knowledge of the Brain in Educational Practice

To learn about fetal brain development is to experience the incredible beauty of the brain unfolding into a "mindful" person well before birth; to learn about lifelong brain development is to ponder the brain's capacity for increasing synaptic connections throughout life; to learn about the power of mind/body connections is to consider the awesome possibilities of unlocking human potential at every point along our journey through life.
Effects on spin and isospin degrees of freedom for pion-nucleus scattering in the glauber theory☆

Abstract We have examined elastic pion scattering in the 3,3 resonance region using Glauber theory and including nucleon spin and isospin degrees of freedom, as well as all s- and p-wave channels for the πN system.
Relationship Between Occupational Therapy Student Learning Styles and Clinic Performance

Scores from the Learning Style Inventory (LSI), Your Style of Learning and Thinking (SOLAT), and Fieldwork Performance Reports (FWPRs) were used to assess the relationship between learning styles and clinic performance of 33 occupational therapy students who graduated from the University of Puget Sound in May 1983. The LSI was administered during the first semester of professional studies. The SOLAT was administered during the second fieldwork experience. There were significant correlations between scores from both learning style instruments and components of the Physical Disabilities Fieldwork Performance Report (PDFWPR) and Mental Health Fieldwork Performance Report (MHFWPR) scores. Results indicate that a logical, sequential cognitive style enhanced PDFWPR scores, but negatively affected some MHFWPR scores. A preference for active experimentation contributed to both PDFWPR and MHFWPR scores. Regression analysis identified the LSI Active-Reflective score as the best predictor of the PDFWPR total. Results suggest further research to assess learning styles as predictors of clinic performance and guides for curriculum design.
Teacher of Teachers: An Interview with James H. Korn.

Jason Sikorski is currently a graduate student in the clinical psychology program at Auburn University. He has taught courses in introductory psychology, experimental psychology, social psychology, and statistics. He served as the first chair of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology's (STP) Graduate Student Teaching Association, which aims to provide services for graduate teaching assistants that are designed to enhance and broaden their teaching skills and approach to pedagogy. James R. Korn is a professor of psychology at St. Louis University. He has enjoyed a prolific and influential career as a teacher, mentor, and author. Dr. Korn is a long-standing and active member of the Executive Committee of APA Division 2's STP. He has developed and presented workshops at national and regional teaching conferences on professional development issues over the course of the last decade. He is widely recognized for assisting beginning and experienced teachers alike in developing and refining their teaching phi...
The Marketization of Identity Politics

Sociology has begun to question how new genetic sciences affect older ways of constructing and contesting social identity, including forms of identity politics that have brought women and minoritie...
Characterization of antigen processing machinery and Survivin expression in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND There is a statistically significant association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I antigen expression and improved prognosis for some patients. This association reflects the control of tumor growth by HLA Class I antigen-restricted, tumor-associated antigen-specific cytolytic T cells. However, progression of other malignant diseases is not associated with the loss of HLA expression. These observations show that the poor prognosis of a subset of tumors, despite high HLA Class I antigen expression, may reflect the development of alternative mechanisms utilized by tumor cells to escape from immune recognition and destruction. METHODS The authors evaluated the possible correlation between the expression of the antiapoptosis gene, Survivin, HLA Class I, and progression of tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC) lesions. Tissue microarrays were constructed from primary TSCC, metastatically involved lymph nodes, adjacent normal mucosa, and tonsillar parenchyma excised for nonmalignant conditions. RESULTS Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections demonstrated that Survivin expression is significantly higher (P < 0.001) in malignant tumors than in normal tissue samples. In addition, Survivin expression is significantly higher (P = 0.05) in metastatic than in primary lesions. Survivin expression in primary lesions correlated positively with delta (P = 0.025), tapasin (P = 0.028), and HLA Class I antigen (P = 0.006) expression. The expression patterns of delta, tapasin, HLA Class I antigen, β-2-microglobulin, and Survivin did not demonstrate any significant association with the clinical course of disease. CONCLUSIONS For TSCC that maintain the expression of HLA Class I antigen, overexpression of Survivin may provide an alternative explanation for tumor progression. Cancer 2003;97:2203–11. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11311
Asynchronous approach to ring oscillator for FPGA-based Physical Unclonable Function design

This paper describes a technique that exploits the process variation in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in order to generate varying frequencies using asynchronous ring oscillators. To study its feasibility, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are implemented on FPGAs for generating unique signatures based on different frequencies generated from oscillators. The variation in frequencies generated from identically laid-out oscillators across the device can generate unique signatures, which is used in device authentication and cryptographic applications.
Interrupted σ-Bonds in Organic Materials with Colligative Magnetic Properties

Abstract Solutions of tris(2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl radical (1) and lithium salts form solids showing unusual magnetic behavior. The propeller-shaped radicals, with their tripods of nucleophilic oxygens, are preorganized polydentate ligands. By coordination with small alkali metal cations the radicals may stack, enforcing spin-spin interactions in extended chains of paramagnets. Ab initio calculations on a linear H3C-Li+-CH3 model shows that high-spin (ferromagnetic) electron coupling is favored for a wide range of radical-Li+distances.
Extent of warm haloes around medium-redshift galaxies

The properties of low-to-medium ionization gaseous haloes around galaxies are briefly reviewed. New observations concerning such haloes are presented. For the galaxy-QSO pair in the field of the radio source 3C303, the higher-redshift QSO has been found to show Mg II absorption at the lower redshift of the faint nearby galaxy. Secondly, new data are presented on one of the galaxies in the environment of the well-known BL Lac object AO 0235 + 164.
Relative importance of Terms in the Turbulent-Energy and Momentum Equations as Applied to the Problem of a Surface Roughness Change

Abstract There are four equations which must he satisfied in a description of the flow, in the two-diinensional case, across a change in surface roughness in the neutrally-stable surface boundary layer: the horizontal and vertical momentum equations, the turbulent energy equation, and the continuity equation. Using variations on the Peterson model, the relative magnitudes of the terms in these equations are examined and the wind and shear-stress profiles predicted by each variant model are compared. The following conclusions are made: The horizontal-momentum and turbulent-energy equations are essential in a physically reasonable model of the flow. The vertical-momentum equation is less important since the pressure-gradient term in the horizontal equation of motion is relatively small except near the surface singularity. Neglect of the vertical-motion terms and thus the continuity equation does not alter the major features of the downstream wind and shear-stress profiles.
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade and pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract β-adrenergic receptor blockers have become a mainstay of therapy for left ventricular dysfunction in adults. Alterations in adrenergic signaling that occurs in the state of heart failure, activates a complex signaling cascade that results in cardiac remodeling with increased ventricular chamber dilatation and decreased contractility. Beta-blockers mitigate this maladaptive cycle. The use and efficacy of beta-blockers on decreasing morbidities and mortality in adults with dilated cardiomyopathy has been well described. The role of beta-blockers in the treatment of children with dilated cardiomyopathy remains under investigation. This chapter will review β-adrenergic receptor blockade with regard to mechanisms of action, and highlight findings of benchmark adult clinical trials and pediatric studies.
Presence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cat carotid body afferent system

With immunocytochemical techniques using a monoclonal antibody for α7 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, we have found these subunits to be exclusively expressed in nerve fibers in the carotid body. Double-immunostaining showed that α7 subunit-positive nerve endings enveloped tyrosine hydroxylase-positive glomus cells. Some carotid sinus nerve fibers and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive petrosal ganglion neurons also expressed α7 subunits. These data support a role for acetylcholine in carotid body neurotransmission.
QoI for passive acoustic gunfire localization

A network of acoustic arrays can localize a shooter. Each array can determine the direction of arrival (DOA) of the muzzle blast. Some arrays can also see the shockwave generated by the bullet as it travels at supersonic speeds. These arrays can also estimate the range to the shooter as a nonlinear function of the DOA and time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the shockwave and the muzzle blast, and these arrays can provide a rough estimate of the shooter location. The measurements from all the arrays that detect the gunfire can be fused to obtain a more accurate shooter location. This paper presents the accuracy component of the QoI for the entire sensor network by deriving the Cramer-Rao bound for the shooter location. The correspondence between QoI and actual root mean squared localization error is verified via Monte Carlo simulations.