cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The latest development: Primerless paint systems

Apart from the introduction last year by the PSA Group of primerless paint systems, there were few major developments in vehicle finishing in Europe during 2009. However, in America and, in particular, in Asia significant changes have taken place. Here, new or converted paintshops using waterborne paints and integrated finishing processes are heralding a worldwide change in direction.
Education for Critical Democracy.

Drawing upon the thinking of John Dewey and recent critics of schooling and society, this paper argues for viewing education as a vehicle for critical democracy. From this perspective, schools are seen as forums for cultural politics that reflect, mediate, and potentially transform the societal order within which they exist. This paper examines the relationship between education and critical democracy by concentrating on the dialectical tension and balance between the values of individuality and community that exist within the democratic ideal. By fleshing out this tension as it is manifested in schools, I hope to view from a fresh angle the long-accepted notion that schools in our society should help sustain and enhance a democratic way of life. In the process, I will re-examine previous attempts to establish radical educational reforms.
Emergent bilingual students’ translation practices during eBook composing

ABSTRACTAs culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms become increasingly common, research looking at ways teachers can support language and literacy practices of all students in these spaces...
Structure of Membranes and Serum Lipoprotein Complexes

In Chapter 2, the principal constituents of biological membranes, lipids and proteins, were examined from a structural standpoint. It was noted that membrane components are, in general, amphipathic; they possess both polar and nonpolar moieties. Thermodynamic considerations lead to the conclusion that such macromolecules in an aqueous environment should associate spontaneously with the formation of structures of maximal stability in which nonpolar elements comprise one phase, polar elements, the other. Since the hydrophobic environment resembles an oil, the structure should be fluid—dynamic—constantly in motion. In this chapter, these predictions are shown to be valid for many biologic membranes. An appreciation of the structural aspects considered below will prove to be one of the keys to the understanding of the intricacies of membrane functions.
Using Student and Teacher Assessments to Design More Pertinent In-Service Teacher Training : The Case of Ecuador

The development of pertinent and effective in-service teacher training remains a policy challenge for many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Ecuador stands out as a country in the region that has made significant investments in teacher training in the past decade. However, most in-service training provision has been designed without enough elements to properly address teachers' skills gaps. This paper proposes a roadmap for improving the design of in-service teacher training in Ecuador using available data from student and teacher assessments. Although countries in the region have made important efforts to carry out periodic evaluations of student and teacher performance, the data resulting from these evaluations are rarely used to guide teacher development programs. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that doing so has the potential to raise program pertinence while allowing the prioritization of investments in teachers and students with the greatest needs.
Effect of Acute Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity on Cognitive Control in College-Aged Students

To determine the effect of physical activity (PA) on three differing types of cognitive processes, within an under-researched segment of the population, 77 college-aged students were recruited from...
Failure behavior of woven fiberglass composites under combined compressive and environmental loading

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively characterize the compressive and damage behavior of a woven fiberglass composite under combined environmental loading. Cuboidal samples of a commercia...
Validation of the GeoWATCH soil moisture model and proposed bias correction method

Abstract The US Army is required to be a good steward of the land per US Army regulation AR 200-1. Based on this regulation, Army installations need to manage lands, to reduce potential damage and impacts to water quality and habitat that may occur from training. Maneuver training does impact the vegetation and soil and this damage is directly related to soil moisture. Soil moisture is an important factor for understanding the potential for soil surface disturbance due to vehicle impacts and predicting soil resilience to vehicle traffic, however, producing accurate estimates of the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture has historically been elusive. GeoWATCH, which stands for Geospatial Weather-Affected Terrain Conditions and Hazards (formerly DASSP), simulates soil moisture world-wide, at relatively small spatial and temporal scales. GeoWATCH uses a physics-based downscaling approach that uses weather-scale land surface model estimates of soil moisture and land surface water and energy fluxes, with high resolution geospatial data. GeoWATCH soil moisture outputs coupled with vehicle impact models, are anticipated to be useful for near-real-time estimation of ground disturbance, but will require ground validation. To validate GeoWATCH soil moisture estimates, we utilized Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) gauge network soil moisture data from 127 sites across 34 states. Statistical analysis of the raw GeoWATCH output indicated the model performs statistically better in certain soil textures. Model bias is largest for sandy soils, whereas clayey soils were least biased. As a result, bias correction models were applied to the raw GeoWATCH simulated values using linear regression to predict correction factor (CF) values based on physical site characteristics. The bias correction models significantly improved the performance of the GeoWATCH soil moisture model in terms of average performance statistics and number of statistically cally unbiased sites. This process could easily be incorporated into GeoWATCH, allowing for a capability to rapidly estimate vehicle impacts and determine rehabilitation requirements by installation land managers.
Connectivity Maintenance Extensions to IEEE 802.11s MAC Layer in ns-3

With the proliferation of IoT devices and their communication standards, we have been witnessing an increase in their meshing capabilities to enable coordination and cooperation. Such coordination, however, requires constant connectivity among the nodes when they are mobile. To efficiently maintain this connectivity, there have been different solutions in the past. However, none of them were incorporated into existing mesh standards. In this paper, we implemented a connectivity maintenance protocol within the IEEE 802.11s mesh standard which is available under ns-3. The connectivity maintenance was based on connected dominating set (CDS) paradigm and implemented at the MAC layer for faster processing. Under the 802.11s HWMP module, we introduced a new packet and a class to be able to compute the CDS of a given network. The implementation results indicate that the CDS at the MAC layer could be computed almost as fast as a centralized approach.
Using the Online Search Volume to Predict Performance: An Abstract

This study attempts to examine how online search data related to the change of MNE’s performance. By using both cross-sectional and longitudinal panel studies, a positive relationship between online search interest related to an MNE’s product and corporation names and its financial performance is hypothesized and tested, and its managerial and theoretical implication is discussed.
LA 14th JDC (Calcasieu Parish) Study of Race, Homicides, and Prosecutions, 1976-2014

This study, examining the racial characteristics of some time death-eligible court cases compared to homicide rates occurring in Louisiana's 14th Judicial District Court (Calcasieu Parish) during the 39 years from 1976 through 2014, is the second JDC study of its kind since the data from the original five JDC studies (JDCs 1, 16, 19, 22, and 24) were aggregated into one study called "Race and the Death Penalty in Louisiana: An Actuarial Analysis." That study found that racial maldistribution is systemic, occurring in uniform patterns across the jurisdictions. This study is the second study (after JDC 15) to test the theory against new data, and finds that the new data bolsters the theory.
Knowledge of Hemoglobin A1c and Glycemic Control in an Urban Population

AIM Our study aims to assess the knowledge of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at an urban academic institution. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included a survey of 100 adult patients with DM. Our patient cohort was divided into those with recent HbA1c < 8.0% and those with HbA1c ≥ 8.0% for subgroup analysis. RESULTS The majority (71%) of patients correctly defined HbA1c and half were aware of their HbA1c target, but they were unable to correlate the correct average blood glucose for an HbA1c level of 7%. Worse control, defined as an HbA1c level of ≥ 8%, was associated with co-morbid disease, but was not associated with understanding HbA1c definition, target or socioeconomic disparities. Perceived glycemic control was congruent with the actual control in 46% of our patients. Ninety percent of those with HbA1c ≥ 8% perceived their control to be better than it actually was, and 97% of those with HbA1c < 8% perceived their control worse than it actually was (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Although most patients knew the definition of HbA1c, they were unable to correlate HbA1c with average blood sugar. There remain opportunities to increase education for this vulnerable population with co-morbid disease on the use of the HbA1c disease marker as an education tool.
Machine Learning for Automating the Design of Millimeter-Wave Baluns

We propose a framework to analyze mm-wave baluns directly from physical parameters by adding a dimension of Machine Learning (ML) to existing electromagnetic (EM) methods. From a generalized physical model of mm-wave baluns, we train physical-electrical Machine Learning models that both accurately and quickly compute the electrical parameters of mm-wave baluns from physical parameters, reducing the need for full-wave simulations and advancing several aspects of mm-wave designs. One of the advancements is a fully automated design process that accurately generates full EM designs of mm-wave baluns when given an electrical specification and a metal option. The automated technique only takes several seconds to complete, compared to hours-weeks of the current trial-and-error methods, and notably the approach can optimize mm-wave baluns directly for the lowest metal loss. Another advancement is the theoretical interpretation of several high-level and abstract questions concerning mm-wave designs, in which we quantify the optimum transistor sizes for the last stage of a class-AB differential power amplifier on an on-chip process and derive the rule of thumb describing the inverse relationship between the optimum device sizes and mm-wave frequencies.
Emerging Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell neoplasm that remains incurable and is ultimately fatal when patients acquire multi-drug resistance. Thus, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind drug resistance in multi-relapsed patients is critical for developing better strategies to extend their lifespan. Here, we review the understanding of resistance to the three key drug classes approved for multiple myeloma treatment: immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. We consider how the complex, heterogenous biology of multiple myeloma may influence the acquisition of drug resistance and reflect on the gaps in knowledge where additional research is needed to improve our treatment approaches. Fortunately, many agents are currently being evaluated preclinically and in clinical trials that have the potential to overcome or delay drug resistance, including next-generation immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, novel small molecule drugs, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies. For each class, we discuss the potential of these strategies to overcome resistance through modifying agents within each class or new classes without cross-resistance to currently available drugs.
Associations Between Brain Structural Alterations, Executive Dysfunction, and General Psychopathology in a Healthy and Cross-Diagnostic Adult Patient Sample

Abstract Background A general psychopathology (p) factor captures shared variance across mental disorders in diverse samples and may partly reflect executive dysfunction. Higher p factor scores have been related to structural alterations within the visual association cortex (VAC) and a cerebello-thalamo-cerebro-cortical circuit, both of which are important for executive control. Here, we tested replicability of these direct associations as well as the indirect role of executive functioning in a sample of healthy and cross-diagnostic adult patients. Methods We conducted hypothesis-driven (i.e., region of interest) and exploratory whole-brain structural neuroimaging analyses using data from the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics (CNP) study of 272 adults who met diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or were healthy control subjects. Using structural equation modeling, we examined direct and indirect relations between structural neural alterations (within regions of interest and regions identified from exploratory analyses) and p and executive function factors. Results Higher levels of p were associated with decreased executive functioning and VAC gray matter volume, replicating previous research. In contrast, we failed to replicate previous negative relations between the p factor and cerebello-thalamo-cerebro-cortical circuit structure. A significant indirect relation between VAC gray matter volume and p via executive function also emerged. Whole-brain analyses identified additional structural alterations in supplementary motor area/cingulate cortex, anterior corona radiata, and corpus callosum genu related to the p factor. Conclusions Executive dysfunction may be one mechanism underlying relations between brain structure and general psychopathology. Replication of VAC structural alterations related to p encourages further focus on this brain structure.
A Web-based Tool for Automatically linking Clinical Trials to their Publications

ABSTRACT Objective Evidence synthesis teams, physicians, policy makers, and patients and their families all have an interest in following the outcomes of clinical trials and would benefit from being able to evaluate both the results posted in trial registries and in the publications that arise from them. Manual searching for publications arising from a given trial is a laborious and uncertain process. We sought to create a statistical model to automatically identify PubMed articles likely to report clinical outcome results from each registered trial in ClinicalTrials.gov. Materials and Methods A machine learning-based model was trained on pairs (publications linked to specific registered trials). Multiple features were constructed based on the degree of matching between the PubMed article metadata and specific fields of the trial registry, as well as matching with the set of publications already known to be linked to that trial. Results Evaluation of the model using NCT-linked articles as gold standard showed that they tend to be top ranked (median best rank = 1.0), and 91% of them are ranked in the top ten. Discussion Based on this model, we have created a free, public web based tool at http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/TrialPubLinking/trial_pub_link_start.cgithat, given any registered trial in ClinicalTrials.gov, presents a ranked list of the PubMed articles in order of estimated probability that they report clinical outcome data from that trial. The tool should greatly facilitate studies of trial outcome results and their relation to the original trial designs.
The role of the most favored nation principle of the GATT/WTO in the New Trade model

I study the impact of the most favored nation (MFN) principle of the GATT/WTO on bilateral trade agreements in the New Trade model. The paper offers four main predictions. First, a bilateral trade agreement without external tariff adjustments hurts the outside country, while a bilateral trade agreement under MFN benefits the outside country. Second, the MFN principle may cause a free‐rider problem. Third, a Pareto‐improving bilateral trade agreement under MFN does not exist if initial tariffs and the elasticity of substitution are sufficiently low. This suggests that the MFN principle may prevent bilateral trade agreements in the future when tariffs are already low and that the definition of “like products” in the MFN rule is welfare improving only if it covers only goods that are closely substituted. Fourth, in the future when tariffs are low, multilateral negotiations and preferential trade areas will become more desirable. Using a calibrated 10‐region 33‐industry model, I show that around 30% of bilateral trade agreements that would be agreed upon in the absence of the MFN rule could not be agreed upon if the MFN rule is imposed.
Integration of Mitochondrial Function with High Aerobic Glycolysis in Tumors: Role of Hexokinase Binding to the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

One of the earliest biochemical markers for cell transformation is an increase in the rates of uptake and utilization of glucose in the transformed cell line (1–7). Although a direct correlation has been observed between glucose utilization rates and growth rates in a variety of cancer cell lines (2, 3, 5, 6, 8), it would appear that elevated glucose catabolism is not strictly a function of cell growth rate per se. Rather, increased levels of plasma membrane glucose transporter and elevated activities of glycolytic enzymes are characteristic of the transformed phenotype (4, 6, 7, 9, 10).
Bistability of the DX center in GaAs and Al x Ga 1-x As, and experimental tests for negative U of the DX level

We summarize a large body of experimental and theoretical work, especially in Si-doped GaAs and Al x Ga1-x As, regarding the bistability of theDX center. There is good evidence that theDX center is just the simple donor, and that each donor can exist in either of two distinct lattice configurations, each with its own spectrum of bound electronic states. Generally, the substitutional configuration binds electrons in shallow hydrogenic states, but many observations also indicate a deep (highly localized) state ofA 1 symmetry. These states are to be distinguished from bound states of a lattice-distorted configuration, the lowest-lying of which is the deepDX level. The occupation of theDX level in thermal equilibrium with the states of the conduction band can be reasonably well modeled by assuming thatDX is either a one-electron or a two-electron state, and we discuss the reasons for this ambiguity. However, we then show that such thermal equilibrium results are consistent with thermal capture and emission kineticsonly if we assume thatDX is a two-electron state. Our results thus support the model of Chadi and Chang in which the distorted configuration is stabilized by capture of two electrons. In other words, the defect exhibits negative effective correlation energy (negativeU).
A Model of Function at the Outer Plexiform Layer of the Cyprinid Retina

This talk concerns behavior. The behavior of animals is thought to depend on activity of their nervous systems. Certainly, if the nervous system is altered by damage, the behavior is altered. Nevertheless, we would feel more confident of that dependence of behavior on the nervous system and would feel we had a better understanding of the nervous system if the actions of the nervous system could be described cell by cell and shown to lead to the observed behavior. Many scientists are working toward this end.
Convective and Interfacial Instabilities During Solidification

During solidification and crystal growth from the melt, the crystal-melt interface is subject to morphological instability [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Under conditions for which unstable interfaces occur, the interface morphology is sometimes cellular, but dendritic (tree-like) growth usually occurs when the degree of instability is large. The solute distribution in the crystal influences the properties of the crystal, and since solid state diffusion is usually very slow, this solute distribution is determined primarily by the solute distribution in the melt at the crystal-melt interface. Thus, the interface morphology and fluid flow in the melt play a central role in determining the properties of the solidified material.
Wireless ad hoc multicast routing with mobility prediction

An ad hoc wireless network is an infrastructureless network composed of mobile hosts. The primary concerns in ad hoc networks are bandwidth limitations and unpredictable topology changes. Thus, efficient utilization of routing packets and immediate recovery of route breaks are critical in routing and multicasting protocols. A multicast scheme, On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), has been recently proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. ODMRP is a reactive (on-demand) protocol that delivers packets to destination(s) on a mesh topology using scoped flooding of data. We can apply a number of enhancements to improve the performance of ODMRP. In this paper, we propose a mobility prediction scheme to help select stable routes and to perform rerouting in anticipation of topology changes. We also introduce techniques to improve transmission reliability and eliminate route acquisition latency. The impact of our improvements is evaluated via simulation.
Genetic diversity among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from wood rats and kangaroo rats in California.

Twenty-nine Borrelia burgdorferi isolates, obtained from dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) and California kangaroo rats (Dipodomys californicus) in California, were analyzed genetically. Chromosomal DNA was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and gene probe restriction fragment length polymorphism. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the plasmid profiles of the isolates. REA, the method with the greatest discrimination, disclosed 24 distinct restriction patterns among the 29 isolates. These restriction patterns were sorted into four restriction fragment length polymorphism groups on the basis of their gene hybridization patterns. Results of the REA and plasmid profile analysis supported this grouping. The degree of genetic diversity among Californian isolates demonstrated by our findings is greater than that previously reported among other groups of North American isolates and is similar or greater than the diversity reported among European isolates. Images
A constructive algorithm to estimate the stability regions of nonlinear dynamical systems

The authors propose a constructive algorithm for estimating the stability regions of large-scale nonlinear systems. The features of the proposed algorithm include: (1) its computational efficiency; (2) its ability to significantly reduce the conservativeness in estimating the stability regions: (3) its adaptability: and (4) its sound theoretical basis. >
Photoresponse in the Heterotrophic Marine Dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina

ABSTRACT. Expressed rhodopsins were detected by proteomic analysis in an investigation of potential signal receptors in the cell membrane of the marine heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina (CCMP604). We inferred these to be sensory rhodopsins, a type of G-protein-coupled receptor trans-membrane signaling molecule. Because phototactic behavior based on sensory rhodopsins has been reported in other protists, we investigated the photosensory response of O. marina. This dinoflagellate exhibited strongest positive phototaxis at low levels (2–3 μE/m2/s) of white light when the cells were previously light adapted and well fed. Positive phototaxis was also found for blue (450 nm), green (525 nm), and red (680 nm) wavelengths. In a further test, O. marina showed significantly greater phototaxis toward concentrated algal food illuminated by blue light to stimulate red chlorophyll-a autofluorescence in the prey, compared with using bleached algae as prey. Concentration of a cytoplasmic downstream messenger molecule, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a component of the signaling pathway of G-protein-coupled receptor molecules, rapidly increased in O. marina cells after exposure to white light. In addition, treatment with hydroxylamine, a rhodopsin signaling inhibitor, significantly decreased their phototactic response. Our results demonstrate that a heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate can orient to light based on rhodopsins present in the outer cell membrane and may be able to use photosensory response to detect algal prey based on chlorophyll autofluorescence.
Tri‐n‐butyl(iodoacetoxy)stannane

[73927-91-0] C14H29IO2Sn (MW 475.04) InChI = 1S/3C4H9.C2H3IO2.Sn/c3*1-3-4-2;3-1-2(4)5;/h3*1,3-4H2,2H3;1H2,(H,4,5);/q;;;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = FMBXDZRCNBBCCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M (γ-lactone preparation;2 annulation) Alternate Names: tributylstannyl iodoacetate; tributyl(iodoacetoxy)tin. Physical Data: mp 94.4 °C. Solubility: insol cold H2O; sol THF, CH2Cl2, acetone, alcohol. Preparative Method: 3 two equiv of iodoacetic acid and one equiv of Bis(tri-n-butyltin) Oxide are heated to 130 °C for 30 min. The cooled mixture is extracted with hot hexanes. The hexanes are removed in vacuo to afford tributyl(iodoacetoxy)tin. This preparation generates a product sufficiently pure for use in the reactions described below. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: best results are obtained if the reagent is used within one week of the date of preparation. Use in a fume hood.
Reliability of soldered silicon devices on copper alloys

Functional reliability of power ICs is dependent on the integrity of IC/heat transfer joint area. Any major reactions during soldering on the heat-spreader and transport of reaction products to the silicon/metal interface have an adverse effect on the IC performance. The robustness of silicon backside metallization and the selection of metallization scheme can prevent the solder reactions at the silicon surface. This paper presents the evaluation of solder reactions with silicon and their impact on the package reliability.
Imaging detectors for 20–100 keV x-ray backlighters in high-energy-density experimental science petawatt experiments

We are developing a petawatt laser for use as a high-energy backlighter source in the 20–100 keV range on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). High-energy x-ray backlighters will be essential for radiographing high-energy-density experimental science (HEDES) targets, especially to probe implosions and high areal density planar samples. For these high energy backlighter imaging experiments, we are developing two types of detectors: a columnar grown CsI scintillator coupled to a 2 K×2 K charge-coupled device camera, and a CdTe crystal with special application specific integrated circuit readout electronics in a 508×512 format array. We characterized these sensors using Cd109 and Am241 radioactive isotopes. In addition, we employed them to measure the Sm Kα source size generated by the short pulse laser, JanUSP, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The CsI camera performed well, allowing a measurement of the Sm Kα source size. Calibration of this camera has shown that it has low noise and good resolut...
The next generation of C2-symmetric ligands: A di-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and the synthesis and X-ray characterization of mono- and dinuclear rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes

Abstract A new C2-symmetric chelating di-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand is reported. The stable free di-carbene (+/−)[DEAM-BY] (3) forms upon treating the imidazolium salt (+/−)[DEAM-BI][OTf]2 (2) with potassium bis-trimethylsilylamide (where DEAM-BY = trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-bis(1-benzyl)imidaz-2-ylidene and DEAM-BI = trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-bis(1-benzyl)imidazolium). Metalation reactions of 2 with [Rh(COD)Cl]2 and [Ir(COD)Cl]2 are carried out under mild conditions to produce either mono- or bimetallic complexes. Each compound is characterized by NMR spectroscopy, combustion analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
Applying the Interpersonal Circumplex to Children’s Behavior: Parent-Child Interactions and Risk Behaviors

This article examined the applicability of the interpersonal circumplex (IC) to the observable social behaviors of children during parent-child interactions. In Study 1, the observational ratings of behaviors of 117 children (mean age = 9.88 years) were examined. Randomization tests of hypothesized order relations found that these behaviors tended to occur in the circular pattern predicted by the IC. To illustrate the applicability of the IC to children’s behavior, Study 2 (n = 94) used the circular structure of children’s behavior to longitudinally examine children’s participation in two risk behaviors, smoking cigarettes and consuming alcohol. Results indicated that children who behaved in an arrogant-calculating manner were at risk for smoking cigarettes and children who behaved in an assured-dominate manner were at risk for drinking alcohol 1 year later. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of their relevance for helping researchers better understand and categorize children’s interpers...
Eye gaze for understanding conversational speech

Eye gaze is a useful indication of attention and, as such, can be a valuable feature to improve spoken-language understanding in human-computer interaction. Based on the hypothesis that users look at a link before selecting it, we investigate the use of novel eye-gaze features to improve link click event prediction. Our data comprises users performing a variety of online tasks such as form filling and web browsing, and we show significant performance improvement by incorporating the use of gaze features. In addition, our analysis shows that there is much user-specific variation in gaze, so we are also looking to improve the modeling of gaze by user- and task-specific adaptation.
The Folded Fan as a Broad-Band Antenna

High-frequency model studies are reported which promise an antenna which operates over a 4-to-1 frequency range with a maximum power loss, due to mismatch, of 18.5 per cent. In the projected naval application, this loss is not unusual with currently used antenna systems. The antenna consists of an ordinary fan-type antenna folded back to ground, that is, electrically connected at the top to an identical fan grounded at its base. A means is described for matching the antenna to 52-ohm transmission line, although the folded structures center at about 160 ohms. The model described in detail is not necessarily of absolutely optimum proportions. The maximum variation with azimuth of the radiation intensity of the antenna is less than 10 db. In the vertical plane, the antenna illuminates the horizon adequately, wasting no appreciable portion of the energy on the zenith.
Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates

Numerous hypotheses explaining interspecific differences in the degree of basicranial flexion have been presented. Several authors have argued that an increase in relative brain size results in a spatial packing problem that is resolved by flexing the basicranium. Others attribute differences in the degree of basicranial flexion to different postural behaviors, suggesting that more orthograde animals require a ventrally flexed pre-sella basicranium in order to maintain the eyes in a correct forward-facing orientation. Less specific claims are made for a relationship between the degree of basicranial flexion and facial orientation. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, the degree of basicranial flexion (cranial base angle), palate orientation, and orbital axis orientation were measured from lateral radiographs of 68 primate species and combined with linear and volumetric measures as well as data on the size of the neocortex and telencephalon. Bivariate correlation and partial correlation analyses at several taxonomic levels revealed that, within haplorhines, the cranial base angle decreases with increasing neurocranial volume relative to basicranial length and is positively correlated with angles of facial kyphosis and orbital axis orientation. Strepsirhines show no significant correlations between the cranial base angle and any of the variables examined. It is argued that prior orbital approximation in the ancestral haplorhine integrated the medial orbital walls and pre-sella basicranium into a single structural network such that changes in the orientation of one necessarily affect the other. Gould's ("Ontogeny and Phylogeny." Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1977) hypothesis, that the highly flexed basicranium of Homo may be due to a combination of a large brain and a relatively short basicranium, is corroborated.
Biochemical studies on the H-2K antigens of the MHC mutantsbm3 andbm11

Biochemical analyses of the H-2K-gene products of the C57BL/6 mutant strains, bm3 and bm11, have been carried out in order to characterize the structural relationships among these antigens. From comparative tryptic peptide mapping of cyanogen bromide fragments from the mutant and parent Kb glycoproteins and from preliminary amino-acid sequence analyses, a number of discrete differences have been discerned. Two sites of difference at amino residues 77 and 89 in the Kbm3 glycoprotein are noted relative to Kb. An alteration at residue 77 similar or identical to that seen in Kbm3 is present in the K antigen of thebm11 mutant. Because our techniques sample only 75 to 80 percent of the extracellular portion of H-2Kb, other undetected changes are possible. However, our present findings are most consistent with the conclusion that only very limited differences exist between mutant and parent molecules. Further, taken together with CML (cell-mediated-lymphocytotoxicity) reaction patterns (Melief et al. 1980), the biochemical data support the hypothesis that the proposed structural alterations in theK b mutant glycoproteins are directly related to their observed immunological specificity.
An Agency Theory Investigation of Supply Risk M anagement

SUMMARY Managing supply risk is an essential element of the overall supply management task. As the complexity of risk management has increased, responsiveness seems dominated by varying the level of inventory and using multiple supply sources as means of creating buffers. This research uses the framework of agency theory in managing supplier behaviors as a means to reduce supply risk and the impact of detrimental events. Empirical results indicate that purchasing organizations address various sources of supply risk by implementing management techniques that reduce the likelihood that detrimental events will occur. Firm size, purchases as a percentage of sales, and industry characteristics were also found to influence the manner in which supplier behaviors are managed.
Interventional cardiology: does an optimal antithrombotic regimen for PCI exist?

Intensive antithrombotic therapies reduce ischaemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, but at a cost of increased bleeding. Bivalirudin consistently reduces haemorrhagic risk, even with potent new oral antiplatelet drugs and contemporary interventional practice. The benefit of bivalirudin must, however, be balanced against increased risk of early subacute stent thrombosis.
Reconstrucciones complejas de la arteria carótida mediante la interposición de injerto: experiencia de 17 años

La revascularizacion carotidea mediante la interposicion de injertos carotideos(IPC) puede ser una alternativa viable a la endarterectomia carotidea (EAC) o al stenting carotideo (SC) en la patologia carotidea compleja. Este articulo describe una revision retrospectiva de la experiencia de 17 anos de la University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) con IPC para reparacion de la carotida. Entre las intervenciones carotideas realizadas entre 1988 y 2005 se practicaron 41 IPC en 39 pacientes con politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE, n = 31) o vena safena interna invertida (vena, n = 10). Se compararon estadisticamente los datos perioperatorios y el seguimiento a largo plazo para cada conducto. No se identificaron diferencias significativas en las caracteristicas demograficas de los pacientes,, factores de riesgo, indicaciones operatorias, complicaciones ni en la mortalidad perioperatoria a los 30 dias. En cada grupo se produjo un accidente vascular cerebral (AVC) postoperatorio, con una tasa global de AVC del 4,9% (PTFE 3,2%, vena 10%). En el grupo de IPC con PTFE se produjo una oclusion asintomatica y dos reestenosis de alto grado comparado con una oclusion asintomatica y una reestenosis de alto grado en el grupo de IPC realizados con vena. La permeabilidad primaria global del grupo con PTFE fue del 90% y la permeabilidad primaria asistida fue del 97% (seguimiento medio 50 meses), mientras que en el grupo de injerto venoso la permeabilidad primaria fue del 80% (seguimiento medio 30 meses). La IPC es una tecnica segura y eficaz con un excelente seguimiento a largo plazo para la reparacion compleja de la carotida cuando la EAC o el SC pueden estar contraindicados.
Relationship between reinforcement of another person and self-reinforcement.

Sr/nznzary.-An earlier study showed that the effect of a model on changing self-reinforcemenr was also seen in the observing S's reinforcement of another person. The present experiment further evaluated this relationship, using a model to change the reinforcement of another and also examining changes in self-reinforcement. The task involved evaluation of the popularity of word associations. The model was introduced as a rape recording of a voice giving either a high or low diszribution of points in evaluating recorded association. Both the high and low models had corresponding effects on the observer's rate of reinforcing another person. However, only the low model also affected subsequent self-reinforcemen:. Control groups listening to a model but not giving reinforcements themselves also showed an effect in their subsequent selfreinforcement rates. There was a tendency for experience with reinforcing another, regardless of mode: condition, to raise rate of self-reinforcement. Recent research on self-reinforcement (the administration of freely available, positive rewards by S to himself) has been concerned with variables which affect the probability of a self-reinforcement response. For example, Bandura and Kupers ( 1964), Bandcra and Whalen ( 1966), and Marston ( 1965a) have shown that both children and adults will imitate the self-reinforcement behavior of a model. In the course of the imitation experiment, Marsron found chat changes in the rate of self-reinforcement were followed by subsequent changes in the rate at which S reinforced another person on a similar task. The present experimenr examines the general hypothesis that, just as variables leading to change in self-reinforcemer.t also produce subsequent changes in reinforcement of another person, the converse also holds: variables effecting changes in rate of reinforcing another also produce subsequent changes in self-reinforcement. The experiment employed a modeling procedure similar to that used in the earlier sn~dy (Marston, 1965a). The task was to give "the most popular word association" to recorded stimuli and to evaluate responses using n point system. (The earlier study used the verbal reinforcer "Good.") S initially reinforced another person performing the task, with Ss in these groups intermittently observing a model giving reinforcements to another person's behavior. Groups hearing a model give a high rate of reinforcements or a low rate and one having no model were compared. A second orthogonal variable involved a comparison of Ss who observed and administered reinforcement to another vs those who observed the models without having the opportunity themselves to give reinforce
Theory vs. experiment for finite strain viscoplastic, lagrangian constitutive model☆

Abstract The work outlined in this research demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the viscoplastic model presented by the authors ( Voyiadjis & Mohammad [1987, 1988]) in solving complex (i.e., any shape and any deformation) finite strain problems. The use of the Lagrangian formulation in this work eliminates the controversy regarding the choice of the appropriate corotational stress rate, and provides a more convenient theory than the more common spatial formulation. Commercially pure aluminum is used in this work as it closely displays the properties outlined by the proposed constitutive equations ( Voyiadjis & Mohammad ) [1987, 1988]). The problem of analysis of displacements, stresses, and strains in elements made of this material subject to arbitrarily large deformations under the conditions of plane strain or axisymmetric stress distribution is formulated in terms of the finite element method. Two integration algorithms are developed applying the procedures outlined by Kanchi et al. [1978]; Hughes and Taylor [1978]; Simo and Ortiz [1985]; and Ortiz and Simo [1986]. These numerical procedures can be categorized into the visco-plastic tangent stiffness approach followed by the radial return and the operator-splitting approach. The algorithms are used to solve the thick plate bending problem subjected to finite deformations. Experimental verification for the bending of the plate problem is provided. Creep and relaxation behavior of the material is also investigated in this work.
Insights into proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms of electrocatalytic H2 oxidation and production

The design of molecular electrocatalysts for H2 oxidation and production is important for the development of alternative renewable energy sources that are abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign. Recently, nickel-based molecular electrocatalysts with pendant amines that act as proton relays for the nickel center were shown to effectively catalyze H2 oxidation and production. We developed a quantum mechanical approach for studying proton-coupled electron transfer processes in these types of molecular electrocatalysts. This theoretical approach is applied to a nickel-based catalyst in which phosphorous atoms are directly bonded to the nickel center, and nitrogen atoms of the ligand rings act as proton relays. The catalytic step of interest involves electron transfer between the nickel complex and the electrode as well as intramolecular proton transfer between the nickel and nitrogen atoms. This process can occur sequentially, with either the electron or proton transferring first, or concertedly, with the electron and proton transferring simultaneously without a stable intermediate. The electrochemical rate constants are calculated as functions of overpotential for the concerted electron-proton transfer reaction and the two electron transfer reactions in the sequential mechanisms. Our calculations illustrate that the concerted electron-proton transfer standard rate constant will increase as the equilibrium distance between the nickel and nitrogen atoms decreases and as the pendant amines become more flexible to facilitate the contraction of this distance with a lower energy penalty. This approach identifies the favored mechanisms under various experimental conditions and provides insight into the impact of substituents on the nitrogen and phosphorous atoms.
Sisomicin: A Review of Eight Years' Experience

Sisomicin is a new broad-spectrum aminoglycoside most closely related structurally to gentamicin Cla. In vitro and in experimental infections, sisomicin has been found to be more potent than or nearly as potent as the most active of the other available aminoglycosides. Although susceptible to many (but not all) aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, sisomicin is active against many microorganisms that are resistant to other aminoglycosides by nonenzymatic mechanisms. Sisomicin has been shown to interact synergistically with various /-lactam antibiotics against enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of sisomicin in humans appear to be similar to those of gentamicin, despite earlier reports of greater acute toxicity in animals. Sisomicin has been shown to be effective for treatment of severe infections in humans, including some infections caused by gentamicin-resistant bacteria. Sisomicin is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It has been studied extensively both in vitro and in vivo since the report of its discovery and isolation in 1970 [1, 2]. It has been marketed widely abroad, and a new drug application has been approved recently by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. Herein we review the first eight years' experience with sisomicin.
HBCUs as Sites of Resistance: The Malignity of Materialism, Western Masculinity, and Spiritual Malefaction

In this paper, the author challenges stakeholders (i.e., administrators, educators, students) of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) to examine how HBCUs can continue to serve as sites of resistance against the prevailing cultural norms of materialism, Western masculinity, and spiritual malefaction. The author traces his evaluation back to the crucible of the civil rights movement and the ‘iconization’ of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., asserting that HBCUs must be intentional about accounting for the cultural and generational shifts in the Black community in order to continue to effectively produce students who are committed to service and social justice. Drawing on the narratives of personal resistance from six current students and graduates of an HBCU, the author contends that HBCUs can not only prepare a new generation of agents for what Bonilla-Silva (2006) describes as a “new civil rights movement,” but these vital institutions must account for the effects of the idolatrous, media-driven worship of civil rights icons, lest they indoctrinate the same individualistic ethos into a new generation that is already spellbound by the consumerist commodification of Barak Obama.
Histologic study of a freeze-dried skin allograft in a human. A case report.

Histologic examination at 6 weeks of a freeze-dried skin (FDS) allograft used to treat a mucogingival defect in the human revealed a striking prominence of elastic fibers within the graft, when compared to the adjacent gingiva and alveolar mucosa. This finding suggests that these fibers were retained from the donor material. The absence of a significant inflammatory infiltrate and the clinically normal healing that was observed indicates that FDS allografts are biocompatible with human oral tissue.