cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in juvenile rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) agonistic screams: life history differences and effects of prenatal androgens.

This study investigated sex differences in juvenile rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) vocal behavior during agonistic contexts, and the effects of prenatal androgens on these differences. A total of 59 subjects (5–8 per treatment group) received exogenous androgen (testosterone enanthate), an anti-androgen (flutamide) or vehicle injections (DMSO) for 30 or 35 days during the second (early) or third (late) trimester of pregnancy. An additional 19 unmanipulated controls were included in the analysis. Screams by juvenile males and females between the ages of 1 and 3 years were compared to the screams of adult female exemplars using a discriminant function analysis. Juvenile females produced more adult-female like screams than did juvenile males. Females exposed to androgen treatment late in gestation produced a more masculine pattern of screams. Flutamide treatment in males either early or late in gestation did not significantly affect scream production. Flutamide treatments in females late in gestation, however, masculinized scream production. Androgen treatments administered late in gestation hyper-masculinized male scream production. No sex differences in the contextual usage of screams emerged. These findings suggest that both life history differences and the early hormone environment contribute to sex differences in juvenile rhesus macaque vocal production. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47: 318–327, 2005.
Selective targeting of FAK–Pyk2 axis by alpha-naphthoflavone abrogates doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells

Despite an initial positive response, breast cancer cells inevitably acquire resistance to doxorubicin (Dox). Alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) is a well-known chemopreventive agent; however, its anti-cancer properties have not been established. We examined the therapeutic efficacy of ANF in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/Dox) breast cancer cells and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms of action. MCF-7/Dox cells expressed constitutively active forms of the tyrosine kinases: focal adhesion kinase (FAK-Y397) and protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (Pyk2- Y579/580) compared with parental MCF-7 cells. ANF significantly enhanced the sensitivity of MCF-7/Dox cells to Dox cytotoxicity in vitro and when co-administered in vivo. This ANF-mediated chemosensitization has dual mechanisms of action: (a) intracellular Dox retention via suppression of P-glycoprotein pump activity, and (b) inhibition of clonogenic cell survival via de-phosphorylation of FAK, Pyk2, and EGF-induced Akt in MCF-7/Dox cells and tumor xenografts. Because of its strong chemosensitization action, broad safety profile, and health benefits, ANF is an attractive anti-cancer drug with therapeutic implications to circumvent drug resistance in breast cancer patients.
Relationship Between %Heart Rate Reserve And %VO2 Reserve During Elliptical Crosstrainer Exercise

The primary purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between %HRR vs. %VO2R and %HRR vs. %VO2max during maximal elliptical crosstrainer (ECT) exercise. A secondary aim was to compare the %HRR vs. %VO2R and %HRR vs. %VO2max relationships between maximal ECT and treadmill (TM) exercise. Adult subjects (n = 48) completed a maximal exercise test on the ECT, with a subgroup (N = 24) also performing a maximal exercise test on the TM. Continuous HR and VO2 data were analyzed via linear regression to determine y-intercept and slope values for %HRR vs. %VO2R and %HRR vs. %VO2max. Student t-tests were used to determine whether the mean y-intercept and slope values differed from the line of identity (y-intercept = 0, slope = 1). For each group, both the y-intercept and slope for %HRR vs. %VO2R fit the line of identity. Conversely, for all groups both the y-intercept and slope for %HRR vs. %VO2max were significantly different (p 0.05) for either y-intercept (ECT = 0.3 vs. TM = -0.3, p = 0.435) or slope (ECT = 1.01 vs. TM = 1.00, p = 0.079) values. In agreement with previous research on TM and cycle exercise, it was found that %HRR is more closely aligned with %VO2R, rather than %VO2max during ECT exercise. Additionally, it was found that the regressions of %HRR vs. %VO2R and %HRR vs. %VO2max were equivalent between the ECT and TM.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines

Large numbers of bats are killed by wind turbines worldwide and minimizing fatalities is critically important to bat conservation and acceptance of wind energy development. We implemented a 2-year study testing the effectiveness of an ultrasonic acoustic deterrent for reducing bat fatalities at a wind energy facility in Pennsylvania. We randomly selected control and treatment turbines that were searched daily in summer and fall 2009 and 2010. Estimates of fatality, corrected for field biases, were compared between treatment and control turbines. In 2009, we estimated 21–51% fewer bats were killed per treatment turbine than per control turbine. In 2010, we determined an approximate 9% inherent difference between treatment and control turbines and when factored into our analysis, variation increased and between 2% more and 64% fewer bats were killed per treatment turbine relative to control turbines. We estimated twice as many hoary bats were killed per control turbine than treatment turbine, and nearly twice as many silver-haired bats in 2009. In 2010, although we estimated nearly twice as many hoary bats and nearly 4 times as many silver-haired bats killed per control turbine than at treatment turbines during the treatment period, these only represented an approximate 20% increase in fatality relative to the pre-treatment period for these species when accounting for inherent differences between turbine sets. Our findings suggest broadband ultrasound broadcasts may reduce bat fatalities by discouraging bats from approaching sound sources. However, effectiveness of ultrasonic deterrents is limited by distance and area ultrasound can be broadcast, in part due to rapid attenuation in humid conditions. We caution that an operational deterrent device is not yet available and further modifications and experimentation are needed. Future efforts must also evaluate cost-effectiveness of deterrents in relation to curtailment strategies to allow a cost-benefit analysis for mitigating bat fatalities.
Revisiting "The Fertilization Fairytale:" An Analysis of Gendered Language Used to Describe Fertilization in Science Textbooks from Middle School to Medical School.

Emily Martin's (Signs J Women Cult Soc 16(31):485-501, 1991) article, ''The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles,'' was published in Signs over 20 years ago. In this groundbreaking article, she discusses how gender roles are often projected onto reproductive biology, leading to the portrayal of eggs as passive and sperm as active. We were interested in seeing if many of her findings are still relevant today. We analyzed science textbooks from the middle school to the medical school level to determine if fertilization in human reproduction is described in gender-biased language regarding the sentence structure, amount of information provided for female and male processes/parts, and neutrality in describing female and male processes/parts. Although there has been much improvement, there is still a long way to go. Sexist language in scientific textbooks is troubling because it negatively affects both female and male students and undermines teachers' ability to teach in an accurate and gender-neutral way.
Simultaneous lidar and EOS MLS measurements, and modeling, of a rare polar ozone filament event over Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

In mid-March 2005, a rare lower stratospheric polar vortex filamentation event was observed simultaneously by the JPL lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, and by the EOS MLS instrument onboard the Aura satellite. The event coincided with the beginning of the spring 2005 final warming. On 16 March, the filament was observed by lidar around 0600 UT between 415 K and 455 K, and by MLS six hours earlier. It was seen on both the lidar and MLS profiles as a layer of enhanced ozone, peaking at 1.7 ppmv in a region where the climatological values are usually around or below 1 ppmv. Ozone profiles measured by lidar and MLS were compared to profiles from the Chemical Transport Model MIMOSA-CHIM. The agreement between lidar, MLS, and the model is excellent considering the difference in the sampling techniques. MLS was also able to identify the filament at another location north of Hawaii.
Mucus function and crossflow filtration in a fish with gill rakers removed versus intact.

SUMMARY Filtration mechanisms are known for only two species of suspension-feeding tilapia, each of which relies on a different method of particle retention. We used high-speed video endoscopy to assess whether a third species of tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, with gill rakers intact as well as surgically removed, uses mucus in the oropharyngeal cavity for hydrosol filtration or uses crossflow filtration to retain particles during suspension feeding. Although a large amount of mucus was visible during feeding with rakers intact, particles were rarely retained in the mucus. The hypothesis that the presence of mucus results in particle entrapment by hydrosol filtration is rejected for O. aureus. Rather than functioning as a sticky filter, mucus is proposed to function in this species to regulate the loss of water between the rakers and between the anterior branchial arches, increasing crossflow speed and thereby increasing the inertial lift force that transports particles radially away from the arches. Gill raker removal resulted in an almost complete lack of observable mucus in the oropharyngeal cavity, probably due to the removal of mucus-secreting cells attached to the gill rakers. However, endoscopic videotapes showed that crossflow filtration continued to operate in the absence of gill rakers and mucus, indicating that the surfaces of the branchial arches play an important role in crossflow filtration.
Patchwork people: A role for somatic mutations in brain malformations

Like a patchwork quilt, humans are mosaics—every cell does not have the same genetic material. Although the embryo starts with a single genome, errors can occur during the DNA replication that occurs when a cell divides. These errors are referred to as post-zygotic or somatic mutations and can be passed on to daughter cells in subsequent cell divisions. Whereas some errors that sneak past the DNA repair machinery—perhaps most—have no effect on the health of the cell or the individual, others may be detrimental. The clearest examples of disease-causing somatic mutations are those that cause cancer, but somatic mosaic mutations are increasingly recognized as an important mutation mechanism for genetic disease other than cancer. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a developmental malformation that affects the cerebral cortex, usually appears as one or a few discrete lesions in the brain. Because of this, it has been hypothesized that FCD is caused by somatic mutation, and Lim and colleagues recently tested this hypothesis. Because somatic mutations affect only some cells and tissues, they are often not detectable in the blood. Even in the tissue where the mutation arises, only a subset of cells may be affected, making these mutations difficult to detect. To detect somatic mutations in the affected brain tissue, Lim and colleagues performed deep whole-exome sequencing in samples from four individuals with FCD. For each individual, they sequenced DNA from blood and from brain, hypothesizing that somatic mutations that are present only in the brain tissue may be relevant to disease. Indeed, they detected and confirmed rare variants in the MTOR gene in brain tissue, but not blood, for two individuals. Based on this initial discovery, the authors performed deep sequencing of the MTOR gene in affected brain tissue from an additional 73 patients with FCD. They identified somatic mosaic MTOR mutations in 10 cases that were present in brain tissue at a level of <2% to 13%, but not in blood or saliva. Overall, 15% of cases carried a mosaic MTOR mutation. Importantly, the mTOR pathway has been well studied, and rapamycin, an approved drug, is known to modify activity of the pathway. Lim and colleagues showed that, in mice, administration of rapamycin to mice who had mosaic MTOR mutations in the brain almost completely rescued seizures and led to an improvement of brain cell morphology. If this holds true in humans, rapamycin may become a new therapy for the intractable epilepsy that patients with FCD experience. This study provides important evidence for the role of somatic mutation in developmental malformations of the brain. Further exploration of the role of somatic mutation in other development abnormalities may yield similar exciting results. J. S. Lim et al. , Brain somatic mutations in MTOR cause focal cortical dysplasia type II leading to intractable epilepsy. Nat. Med. 10.1038/nm.3824 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.3824.html
Novel High Control Authority Actuators for Jet and Cavity Noise Reduction

Jet and cavity flows have been of great interest both for basic science and engineering applications. In order to effectively control these flows several groups have undertaken the development of flow control actuators. The aeroacoustics research group within the Fluid Dynamics Research Center at the Illinois Institute of Technology has been involved in the development of high control authority and high frequency actuators for jet and cavity noise reduction. This paper is an overview of the development and the application of three novel actuators developed by our group for controlling jet and cavity flows. Three actuators are presented in this overview (i) ultrasonic powered resonance tube actuator, (ii) cylindrical rod that sheds vortices in the upstream boundary layer and (iii) a miniature shock tube actuator. (i) and (ii) produce high frequency actuation (relative to shear layer frequencies) whereas (ii) and (iii) produce high control authority actuation. The cylindrical rod lies at the intersection of high frequency and high control authority actuation (see Figure 1). An account of the development of these actuators is presented along with representative depictions of their effectiveness in jet and cavity flows.
THE EFFECTS OF FOOD INTAKE AND ITS FAT COMPOSITION ON INTESTINAL ECHOGENICITY IN HEALTHY DOGS

Dogs presenting for ultrasonography due to suspected gastrointestinal disease might have residual ingesta and this could have an affect on the appearance of intestinal mucosa unrelated to pathology. The purpose of this prospective descriptive study was to determine effects of a recent meal consisting of the recommended daily fat content (meal 1) and a higher fat one (meal 2) on mucosal echogenicity in healthy dogs. Sixty client-owned and clinically healthy dogs were recruited. Two meals, one with 15% fat dry matter basis (meal 1) and a second with 1.5 ml/kg body weight corn oil added to result in a range of 41-63% fat dry matter basis (meal 2), were fed 1 week apart after a 12 h fast. Mucosal echogenicity scores were assigned at fasting, immediate postprandial and at 60 min after each meal. Duodenal scores were significantly greater for meal 1 at 60 min (P < 0.001) as opposed to fasting and immediate postprandial. With meal 2, the duodenal score was significantly different (P < 0.001) at the immediate and 60-min data point compared to meal 1. Jejunal scores were significantly greater for meal 1 at the 60-min data point (P < 0.001) as opposed to fasting and immediate postprandial. With meal 2, the jejunal score was significantly different (P < 0.001) only at the 60-min data point compared to meal 1. Intestinal mucosal echogenicity can be increased in healthy dogs after food intake, regardless of fat content. This effect should be taken into consideration when increased mucosal echogenicity is identified in clinical patients.
Around 1787: Austen’s Volume the First, the Elizas, Private Theatricals, and Muffs

Chapter 1 juxtaposes an analysis of clothing, accessories, and theatricality in Jane Austens earliest writings with the controversies surrounding the private theatricals at Steventon inspired by the arrival of Austens dynamic cousin Eliza de Feuillide. At the same time Eliza was planning performances in Austens home, another Eliza, the actress Eliza Farren, was acting and directing private theatricals at Richmond House. I draw connections between representations of gigantic muffs in satiric prints and the issues surrounding the dynamics of women’s “publick” appearances in Austens Juvenilia and Eliza de Feuillide’s correspondence. Focusing on the muff as a stylish, theatrical, and suggestive accessory highlights the contradictory images of women surrounding Austen in her early teenage years.
Pressure-Dependent Competition among Reaction Pathways from First- and Second-O2 Additions in the Low-Temperature Oxidation of Tetrahydrofuran.

We report a combined experimental and quantum chemistry study of the initial reactions in low-temperature oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF). Using synchrotron-based time-resolved VUV photoionization mass spectrometry, we probe numerous transient intermediates and products at P = 10–2000 Torr and T = 400–700 K. A key reaction sequence, revealed by our experiments, is the conversion of THF-yl peroxy to hydroperoxy-THF-yl radicals (QOOH), followed by a second O2 addition and subsequent decomposition to dihydrofuranyl hydroperoxide + HO2 or to γ-butyrolactone hydroperoxide + OH. The competition between these two pathways affects the degree of radical chain-branching and is likely of central importance in modeling the autoignition of THF. We interpret our data with the aid of quantum chemical calculations of the THF-yl + O2 and QOOH + O2 potential energy surfaces. On the basis of our results, we propose a simplified THF oxidation mechanism below 700 K, which involves the competition among unimolecular decompo...
Loop Quantum Gravity

LQG is, along with string theory, one of the best-established quantum gravity programs. Proponents of LQG hold that the most important lesson of GR is the diffeomorphism invariance of the gravitational field, and thus seek to preserve diffeomorphism invariance at the high-energy level of quantum gravity. Like the discrete approaches to quantum gravity discussed in the previous chapter, LQG is non-perturbative and researchers in LQG suggest that the problems with perturbative approaches (i.e. the problems associated with the non-renormalisability of gravity) may be a consequence of the failure of perturbation theory when applied at the scales being considered.
Making the Intelligent Home Smart Through Touch-Control Trigger-Action Programming

We introduces a new UI model of Trigger-Action Programming (TAP), that allows users to program through touch-control interfaces to create complicated tasks easily. We present three different user interfaces (UI), for each user interface, we analyze its advantages, limitations, and potential utility. We explain how our UIs can mitigate the problems of TAP caused by ambiguity and demonstrate why our UIs will benefit people without programming backgrounds.
Trends in Prolonged Hospitalizations in the United States from 2001 to 2012: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Abstract Background Health policy debate commonly focuses on frequently hospitalized patients, but less research has examined trends in long-stay patients, despite their high cost, effect on availability of hospital beds, and physical and financial implications for patients and hospitals. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative sample of acute care hospitalizations in the US, we examined trends in long-stay hospitalizations from 2001-2012. We defined long stays as those 21 days or longer and evaluated characteristics and outcomes of those hospitalizations, including discharge disposition and length of stay and trends in hospital characteristics. We excluded patients under 18 years of age and those with primary psychiatry, obstetric, or rehabilitation diagnoses, and weighted estimates to the US population. Results Prolonged hospitalizations represented only 2% of hospitalizations, but approximately 14% of hospital days and incurred estimated charges of over $20 billion dollars annually. Over time, patients with prolonged hospitalizations were increasingly younger, male, and of minority status, and these hospitalizations occurred more frequently in urban, academic hospitals. In-hospital mortality for patients with prolonged stays progressively decreased over the 10-year period from 14.5% to 11.6% ( P Conclusions The profile of patients with prolonged hospitalizations in the US has changed, although their impact remains large, as they continue to represent 1 of every 7 hospital days. Their large number of hospital days and expense increasingly falls upon urban academic medical centers, which will need to adapt to this vulnerable patient population.
Acute Brain Failure: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Sequelae of Delirium

Delirium is the most common psychiatric syndrome found in the general hospital setting, with an incidence as high as 87% in the acute care setting. Delirium is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by the transient disruption of normal neuronal activity secondary to systemic disturbances. The development of delirium is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, cost of care, hospital-acquired complications, placement in specialized intermediate and long-term care facilities, slower rate of recovery, poor functional and cognitive recovery, decreased quality of life, and prolonged hospital stays. This article discusses the epidemiology, known etiological factors, presentation and characteristics, prevention, management, and impact of delirium.
Nuove progettualità: le antologie di Minimum Fax

During the last decades, prose anthologies acquired great importance within the Italian publishing system. Starting from the specific case of the small and independent publishing house Minimum Fax, this essay analyzes prose anthologies as tools for the construction and the consolidation of relations and practices within the Italian literary field. A relational analysis of the productive practices that lay beyond the publishing of such anthologies allows to give reason of the structure that substantiates the production of these peculiar products, avoiding traditional approaches that tend to see anthologies as mere instruments for the creation of the literary canon.
Understanding the density of nonprofit organizations across Los Angeles neighborhoods: Does concentrated disadvantage and violent crime matter?

Abstract Although some urban sociology perspectives suggest how certain sociodeomgraphic characteristics influence nonprofit development, there is a dearth of empirical research to assess neighborhood differences in nonprofit organizations. The goal of the current study is to build upon the extant literature by examining how both concentrated disadvantage and violent crime impact nonprofit density across neighborhoods. Using data from Los Angeles census tracts from 2010 to 2012, I test for linear and nonlinear influences that these two neighborhood factors might exert on nonprofit density. Poisson regression models show that concentrated disadvantage has a nonlinear (U-shaped) effect on all forms of nonprofit density, whereas violent crime has a linear and deleterious effect on all forms of nonprofit density. These results provide important new insights for urban sociology and policy; most importantly, the extent to which neighborhoods with ongoing social problems can later respond to such problems via access to nonprofit organizations.
Mesocyclone Passes over NSSL Surface Station

An apparent mesocyclone passed directly over a surface station that was equipped with both digital and strip chart recorders near Criner, Okla. Peak gusts were 18 m s−1 (35 kt); within 3 min the surface wind changed from strong southeasterly to strong westerly. The pressure dropped 5 mb in 52 min and recovered 4 mb in 6 min. There was only a trace of precipitation. The wind system was probably an inertial remnant of circulation formed with a thunderstorm whose peak intensity occurred about three hours before the cyclone was observed.
Investigations on boron compounds: Communication 1. Synthesis of triallylborine

A method is proposed for the preparation of triallylborine by reaction between boron trifluoride and allyl-magnesium bromide; the desired product is obtained in 80% yield.
Porous Hydroxyapatite-Polyhydroxybutyrate Composites Fabricated by a Novel Method Via Centrifugation

Porous hydroxyapatite-polyhydroxybutyrate (HA-PHB) composites were fabricated by infiltrating PHB micro-/nano-particles into rigid HA scaffolds via centrifugation, followed by subsequent heating at 175°C to melt the PHB into the scaffolds. HA scaffolds were obtained by heating trabecular bovine femur bone at 1,350°C to remove the organic and sinter the HA. PHB particles were recovered and purified from microbial cells by two different chemical methods, which either filled the apparent porosity of the scaffolds or coated the trabecular network of the scaffolds after heating. The mechanical properties, porosity, HA/PHB volume fractions and surface adhesion of the resulting HA-PHB composites were investigated and compared to the original HA scaffolds. The final porosities of the filled and coated composites were ~54% and ~67%, respectively. All of the HA-PHB composites showed a slight increase in strength with the addition of PHB. The filled composites showed no change in stiffness from the addition of PHB, while the coated composites showed an increase in stiffness over the original HA scaffolds from ~35 to ~105 MPa. The enhanced stiffness in the coated composites was due to strong interactions between its HA and PHB constituent phases. Very little inter-constituent adhesion was observed in the filled composites.
Effect of diet on hepatic fatty acid synthesis

Diet effects on hepatic fatty acid synthesis in rats and mice, noting linoleate content role
High Energy Density, Super-Deformable, Garment-Integrated Microsupercapacitors for Powering Wearable Electronics.

Lightweight energy storage technologies are integral for powering emerging wearable health monitors and smart garments. In-plane, interdigitated microsupercapacitors (MSCs) hold the greatest promise to be integrated into wearable electronics because of their miniaturized footprint, as compared to conventional, multilayered supercapacitors and batteries. Constructing MSCs directly on textiles, while retaining the fabric’s pliability and tactile quality, will provide uniquely wearable energy storage systems. However, relative to plastic-backed or paper-based MSCs, garment-integrated MSCs are underreported. The challenge lies in creating electrochemically active fiber electrodes that can be turned into MSCs. We report a facile vapor deposition and sewing sequence to create rugged textile MSCs. Conductive threads are vapor-coated with a stably p-doped conducting polymer film and then sewn onto a stretchy textile to form three-dimensional, compactly aligned electrodes with the electrode dimensions defined by t...
Emergency General Surgery in the Immunocompromised Surgical Patient

Owing to improved understanding of underlying pathophysiology, treatment regimens, and management strategies, immunosuppressed patients have achieved improved survival and outcomes. As their population continues to increase, it is increasingly likely that the general or acute care surgeon will encounter an immunosuppressed patient during the course of their practice in the emergency setting. Managing these patients can be a challenging endeavor due to the atypical symptoms, uncharacteristic physical exam findings, and discordant laboratory findings with which they present. Causes of immune compromise are diverse and multifactorial. Examples like the human immunodeficiency virus and its more advanced form, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, solid organ transplantation, steroid use, neutropenia, and more each come with its own unique challenges. A thorough understanding of the immunosuppressed patient, from preoperative evaluation to postoperative management, is a requirement for the competent general surgeon to adequately treat their patient and maximize outcomes.
Resisting Structural Epistemic Injustice

What form must a theory of epistemic injustice take in order to successfully illuminate the epistemic dimensions of struggles that are primarily political? How can such struggles be understood as involving collective struggles for epistemic recognition and self-determination that seek to improve practices of knowledge production and make lives more liveable? In this paper, I argue that currently dominant, Fricker-inspired approaches to theorizing epistemic wrongs and remedies make it difficult, if not impossible, to understand the epistemic dimensions of historic and ongoing political struggles. Recent work in the theory of recognition—particularly the work of critical, feminist, and decolonial theorists—can help to identify and correct the shortcomings of these approaches. I offer a critical appraisal of recent conversation concerning epistemic injustice, focusing on three characteristics of Frickerian frameworks that obscure the epistemic dimensions of political struggles. I propose that a theory of epistemic injustice can better illuminate the epistemic dimensions of such struggles by acknowledging and centering the agency of victims in abusive epistemic relations, by conceptualizing the harms and wrongs of epistemic injustice relationally, and by explaining epistemic injustice as rooted in the oppressive and dysfunctional epistemic norms undergirding actual communities and institutions.
Effects of Mechanical Tolerances of USB 2.0 Cables on Skew and Radiated Emission

This paper analyzes skew due to unavoidable mechanical tolerances of a universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 cable. The contribution of the tolerances to the skew is determined via full-wave simulation of the cable cross section. The contributing factors and interaction terms are found using fractional factorial experimental design. Each factor's sensitivity to skew is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The design of experiments approach allows recognition of the relationship between the mechanical tolerances and skew. The skew-emission relationship, however, is found through a systematic approach. It was observed that adding about 20–30 ps net skew leads to about 4–5 dB increase in the emission above 350 MHz.
Integrating Minds: Blending Methods in The King Is Alive and Twelfth Night

Through Levring and Jensen’s The King Is Alive and Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, Helms discuss two ways to integrate inference and imagination. The King Is Alive—an appropriation of King Lear—exemplifies a story where inference frames strongly imaginative character building. Twelfth Night illustrates how inference and imagination might be integrated through Mark Johnson’s theory of conceptual blending: in the case of Duke Orsino, inference and imagination can blend together to produce ambiguity and surprise. A reading of Orsino could be wholly imaginative (focusing on his melancholy) or wholly inferential (focusing on his social role and authority as Duke). When Orsino threatens to kill Cesario in the final act, these two interpretations suddenly combine into one via conceptual blending, the combination of discrete inputs into a coherent, gestalt-like whole.
Using “Remote” Training and Coaching to Increase Providers’ Skills for Working Effectively with Older Youth and Young Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions

Abstract Since about the turn of the century, a growing awareness of the poor outcomes resulting from “as usual” community mental health care has led to increasing efforts to implement programs and interventions with empirical evidence of effectiveness. However, these efforts have encountered numerous barriers, in particular the high cost of implementation, which has severely limited uptake and sustainment of empirically-supported programs and interventions. Typically, the largest contributor to cost is the training and coaching required to ensure provider competence fidelity to the intervention or program model. This paper describes a social innovation that aims to provide high quality training and coaching that is affordable and sustainable in community mental health settings. The main strategy for this is the use of a completely “remote” process for training and coaching. This process relies on a web-based platform through which trainees access a library of real examples of good—and not-so-good—practice, and through which they also receive individualized coaching and feedback based on video recordings of their own practice with clients. Specifically, the paper describes a remote training intervention for practitioners working with young people aged 16–25 who experience serious mental health conditions. This approach is designed to train providers to work with young people in ways that increase their engagement and retention in services, as well as their alliance with treatment providers. Enhancing providers' skills in these areas is urgently needed, given that young people in this age range have the highest rates of serious mental health conditions, and yet they are also the least likely to engage in or complete mental health treatment. Findings indicate that participants were highly satisfied with the training, and that their skills in key areas increased significantly, as measured both by their own subjective assessment and by expert ratings of their video-recorded practice.
Caregiver-Child Relationship Quality as a Gateway for Suicide Risk Resilience: Don't Discount the Men in Mexican Descent Youths' Lives.

The purpose of the present study is to determine if connection with female (FC) and male caregivers (MC) could buffer the negative effects of intergenerational acculturative conflict (IAC) on suici...
Thick Heteroepitaxial Growth of ZnSe on GaAs Substrates for Frequency Conversion in the MLWIR

Over 100 μm thick single crystalline ZnSe layers have been produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates. Thick growth on OP-GaAs templates is a step closer for realizing frequency conversion in the MLWIR.
Impact of margin status on survival after surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is the most common malignancy of the paranasal sinuses. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, yet positive surgical margins (PSM) are common and the prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) is mixed. Given the heterogeneity of impact of PSM on OS within the literature, we hypothesized that extent of tumor extirpation (microscopic PSM vs macroscopic PSM) may play a role in OS. METHODS Patients with SNSCC were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB, n = 7808). Of these, 4543 patients underwent surgery, 3265 patients underwent nonsurgical therapy. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare OS between negative surgical margin (NSM), micro-PSM, and macro-PSM cohorts vs patients undergoing primary nonsurgical therapy in a propensity-score-matched analysis. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with macro-PSM was also performed. RESULTS One thousand thirty-three (22.0%) of the surgery patients had PSM, and approximately half (n = 521, 50.6%) of these had macro-PSM. When compared with nonsurgical treatment, propensity-score-matched results demonstrated improved OS in patients with NSM and micro-PSM (p < 0.001), but macro-PSM patients did not demonstrate improvement (p = 0.20). Tumor within the paranasal sinuses and advanced nodal classification (N2/N3) (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; p = 0.02; and OR, 15.09; p = 005, respectively) was associated with increased odds of macro-PSM on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the degree of tumor extirpation correlates with OS. Macro-PSM did not confer a benefit to OS when compared with nonsurgical therapy, and factors including tumor location and advanced nodal status affect whether surgery will result in macro-PSM. Given these findings, informed, shared decisionmaking between patient and surgeon regarding nonsurgical alternatives should occur before electing to proceed with surgery in SNSCC.
Intraoperative FLIm on brain tumor margins

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) is used intraoperatively as a label-free imaging technique to assess brain tumor margins of ten glioma patients. Collection of micro-biopsies at the imaging site allows direct co-registration with histopathological diagnosis.
African American Child and Adolescent Academic Help-Seeking: A Scoping Review:

To influence school achievement, researchers investigate student academic help-seeking. However, a growing population of students of color combined with the risk of poorer academic performance yiel...
Use of cannabis and opioids for chronic pain by older adults: Distinguishing clinical and contextual influences

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Chronic pain is one of the most common health-related conditions experienced by Americans over the age of 65. In this study, we examine the intersection between pain, opioids and cannabis use among older adults in Colorado and Illinois and examine how medical needs and other variables associated with a persons' background and attitudes influence choices concerning the use of opioids and cannabis to treat pain. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected via a survey about cannabis and opioids use, and questions related to individual need factors (e.g. pain, quality of life) and contextual factors (e.g. sex, finances, personal attitudes, interaction with physicians) were included in this study. We built a logistic regression model to evaluate factors associated with drug use and a multinomial regression model to understand factors that influence drug choices between cannabis and opioids. RESULTS A total of 436 individuals completed the survey; 62 used opioids only, 71 cannabis only and 72 used both. When comparing drug users to non-drug users, pain was significantly associated with using cannabis and/or opioids when controlling for other covariates. However, when we compared cannabis users to opioid users, pain was no longer a determining factor. Instead, other contextual factors such as sex, personal beliefs and physician attitudes influenced an individual's choice between cannabis or opioids. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study showed that contextual factors appear to have more influence on an individual's decision to use cannabis as an alternative to opioids than individual need or characteristics.
Addressing Pelvic Floor Disorders in Patients with Neurogenic Bladder

Lower urinary tract symptoms (including urinary incontinence) and pelvic floor disorders are commonly reported by women with neurological conditions. Their evaluation and treatment may differ considerably from neurologically intact women. In this chapter, we particularly focus on the evaluation and treatment of women with multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injury. Patients with these conditions may have more complex lower urinary tract disorders that may require a more intensive diagnostic evaluation and specific interventions tailored to those findings.
Maximum-stability dispatch policy for shared autonomous vehicles

Abstract Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) have been widely studied in the recent literature. Agent-based simulations and theoretical models have extensively explored the effects on travel service, fleet size, and congestion using heuristic dispatching strategies to match SAVs with on-demand passengers. A major question that simulations have sought to address is the service rate or replacement rate: the number of passengers each SAV can serve. Thus far, the service rate has mostly been estimated through simulation. This paper investigates an analytical max-pressure dispatch policy, which aims to maximize passenger throughput under any stochastic demand pattern, which takes the form of a model predictive control algorithm. An analytical proof using Lyapunov drift techniques is presented to show that the dispatch policy achieves maximum stability. The service rate and minimum fleet sizes are derived analytically in this paper and can be achieved with the proposed dispatch policy. Simulation results show that the maximum stable demand is linearly related to the fleet size given. Also, it demonstrates how asymmetric demand necessitates rebalancing trips that affect service rates. Even though decreasing average waiting time is not the primary goal of this paper, stability ensures bounded waiting times, which is demonstrated in simulation.
Investigation of Deformation Analysis of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Injection Molded Component

Warpage is one of the most crucial problems in injection molded products. Factors affecting warpage include Material, Part geometry, gate location, Fiber content & orientation, temperature, etc. Since many factors cause shrinkage and warpage, it is very difficult to distinguish the predominant factor. In the present study, we have focused on contribution of fiber content on warpage of injection molded part. Basic requirement of the part is flatness at sealing area within given tolerance. The required flatness should be within a given tolerance for effective functioning of the component. Flow simulation software has been used to assess the effect of fiber content on warpage and in turn flatness of the component.
Multilocus inheritance and variable disease expressivity in rare disease

Abstract One of the prominent challenges of rare disease diagnosis and discovery has been the increasing observations of seemingly non-Mendelian inheritance. Such observations often offer a foothold by which to investigate novel molecular mechanisms underlying rare disease traits. In this chapter, the characteristics of multiple molecular diagnoses, mutational load, compound inheritance of rare and common variants, and how they contribute to blended phenotypes, apparent phenotypic expansion, variable expressivity, and incomplete penetrance are discussed. The Clan Genomics hypothesis provides an intellectual framework through which to conceptualize these molecular mechanisms and consequent variants and variant combinations that are private to a studied family unit.
Memory and decision making interact to shape the value of unchosen options.

The goal of deliberation is to separate between options so that we can commit to one and leave the other behind. However, deliberation can, paradoxically, also form an association in memory between the chosen and unchosen options. Here, we consider this possibility and examine its consequences for how outcomes affect not only the value of the options we chose, but also, by association, the value of options we did not choose. In five experiments (total n = 612), including a preregistered experiment (n = 235), we found that the value assigned to unchosen options is inversely related to their chosen counterparts. Moreover, this inverse relationship was associated with participants’ memory of the pairs they chose between. Our findings suggest that deciding between options does not end the competition between them. Deliberation binds choice options together in memory such that the learned value of one can affect the inferred value of the other. Making a decision requires one to differentiate between choice options, committing to one and leaving the other behind. Here, the authors show that decision-making paradoxically binds options together, such that the outcome of the choice ends up changing the value of both the chosen and the unchosen options, in opposite directions.
Instrumented gait analysis for management of gait disorders in children with cerebral palsy: A scoping review.

Abstract Background The use of Instrumented Gait Analysis (IGA) for the clinical management of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) has increased in recent years. Previous systematic reviews have been completed to evaluate and summarize the evidence related to the efficacy of IGA in general. However, a focused summary of research studies on IGA for children with CP related gait disorders is needed. Research Question The purpose of the current work was to perform a scoping review to describe and categorize the range of existing literature about IGA as applied to the clinical management of children with CP related gait disorders. Method A health sciences librarian developed a search strategy to include four key inclusion criteria of original research study, population included children with CP, study employed IGA, available in English. The available literature was organized into six study categories: reliability and validity, documentation of subgroups or model development, IGA for clinical decision making, effectiveness of treatments that depend on IGA, cost effectiveness, IGA used to evaluate the outcome of surgical, medical or rehabilitation treatment. Results 909 studies met the inclusion criteria and were placed into the six study categories. 14 % of studies were in reliability and validity, 33 % in subgroups or modeling, 2% in IGA for clinical decision making, 2% in treatments that depend on IGA, 1% in cost effectiveness, and 49 % of studies had IGA used as an outcome measure for treatment. Significance This scoping review has documented the wide range, diversity and extent of original research studies investigating the use of IGA for the clinical management of children with CP related gait disorders. The large volume of studies provides a basis for future work to develop a CPG about the use of IGA for the clinical management of children with CP related gait disorders.
Naughty beliefs

Can a person ever occurrently believe p and yet have the simultaneous, occurrent belief q that this very beliefthatp is false? Surely not, most would say: that description of a person’s epistemic economy seems to misunderstand the very concept of belief. In this paper I question this orthodox assumption. There are, I suggest, cases where we have a first-order mental state m that involves taking the world to be a certain way, yet although we ourselves acknowledge that we are in m, we reflectively disavow m’s propositional content. If such an epistemic stance is possible, does this irrationally persistent first-order state m really deserve the title of “belief,” or should it instead be classified under some other, less doxastic appellation? I argue in this paper that the “belief” terminology is warranted, and thus, that we can be correctly described as having the second-order belief that a specific first-order belief that we nonetheless continue to hold is false. In such cases, our first-order state is what I refer to as a naughty belief. Like naughty toddlers, naughty beliefs are recalcitrant in the face of epistemic authority.
The Severity of Acetabular Retroversion Does Not Influence Outcomes of Arthroscopic Management of FAI

Objectives:Controversy exists regarding optimal treatment of FAI in the setting of acetabular retroversion. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pain and function among patients ...