cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The phases of the menstrual cycle and their interpretation in terms of the pregnancy cycle

Abstract The terms "proliferative" and "secretory" imply certain unsubstantiated deductions. 1.1. The supposed resemblance between the mucosa which survives menstruation and the basal zone of other phases vanishes when the reticular frame-work is specifically stained. Two zones, in addition to the basal zone, can be recognized throughout menstruation and during repair (Figs. 1 to 8). 2.2. The reduction in thickness after the initial menstrual sloughing is due primarily to loss of ground substance from the stroma. The involution is greatest superficially. 3.3. Mitoses are practically absent from the stroma during repair (Table I). They are uncommon at first in the epithelium and entirely absent in the "basalis". Mitoses in the stroma are not abundant enough in any phase to account for the observed increases in thickness of the endometrium. 4.4. The outstanding feature of the repair and follicular phases is the increase in stromal ground substance. The glands are not stretched but keep pace with this thickening by cell division. 5.5. Secretory activity in the preovulatory period has often been demonstrated both histologically (see Fig. 11) and chemically (see p. 944). The myometrium is structurally a "muscularis mucosae"; its characteristic activity in this phase keeps the highly fluid secretion from accumulating in the glands. 6.6. The secretion in the postovulatory period is prominent because of its greater density and the fact that it accumulates in the glands as a result of the change in myometrial activity under progesterone dominance (p. 946). 7.7. The term "follicular phase", widely used in comparative studies, has no misleading implications and emphasizes the controlling ovarian activity. Since secretion is not confined to one phase of the cycle, the term "progravid" or "progestational" is to be preferred to "secretory", since all of the adaptive features of an endometrium controlled by the corpus luteum are recognized. 8.8. The thickness of the endometrium and the myometrium of rhesus can be compared in appropriately prepared material (Figs. 12 to 20). When the variations in the size of the several uteri are compensated for by using the ratio of endometrium to myometrium (Table II), the graph of cyclic changes exhibits two regressions (Fig. 21) which are not represented in diagrams based on general impressions. There is a slight regression immediately after ovulation and a prominent one prior to menstrual extravasation. They are shown in the graph of Markee 3 , which is also based on measurements. 9.9. Suggestions are made as to the adaptive significance of the various cyclic changes in the endometrium (p. 950).
The microscopy of the amino acids and their compounds

Of 27 amino acids studied all yielded definite crystalline salts with picrolonic acid. The predominant crystal habit of the picrolonates is acicular, the needles usually being arranged in rosettes. While the appearance of the crystals is thus often insufficiently characteristic, it was found that in nearly all instances the refractive indices can serve for identification of the amino acid.
Transposition of Tn7 Occurs at a Single Site on the Caulobacter crescentus Chromosome

Abstract Insertion of Tn7 in nine independently derived isolates occurred in a single small region of the Caulobacter crescentus chromosome, suggesting that Tn7 insertion occurs at or near a single site. The order of markers in this region of the Caulobacter chromosome was shown to be flaA-argG-Tn7.
Tenure and Reasons for Disposal of Artificial Insemination Dairy Sires

Abstract Completed life span records of 8,887 United States and Canadian sires of six dairy breeds leaving artificial service during 1939-1964 were analyzed. Over 36% were eliminated for reproductive inefficiency; characteristics or performance of offspring, 16%; disease 14%; problems of semen collection 12%; accident or injury 4%; and miscellaneons 18%. Heterogeneity in reasons for disposal was detected, indicating that frequencies of the different reasons for disposal varied among breeds, and were also changing within breeds over time. Life span data were grouped into different periods to determine time trends. Average tenure increased from 1.74 years during 1940-1949 to 4.18 years during 1960-1964. Over-all tenure was 3.18 years. Breeds differed in average tenure: Ayrshires, 2.91 years; Brown Swiss, 3.46 years; Guernseys, 2.94 years; Holsteins, 3.40 years; Jerseys, 3.14 years; Milking Shorthorns, 2.90 years. Prediction equations for tenure were calculated for eaeh breed and time period by multiple covariance analyses. The pooled within-breed time period equation was Ŷ = 3.95−0.1352 X + 0.0034 x 2 where Ŷ is expected tenure in years and X is age at entry. For those sires which were not culled for undesirable characteristics of their daughters, tenure could be stated as Ŷ = 4.14−0.2245 X + 0.0025 x 2 . Tenure in the artificial insemination studs ranged up to 14.30 years and 28% of the sires were useful at 10 years or older.
Propanediol utilization genes (pdu) of Salmonella typhimurium: Three genes for the propanediol dehydratase

The propanediol utilization (pdu) operon of Salmonella typhimurium encodes proteins required for the catabolism of propanediol, including a coenzyme B12-dependent propanediol dehydratase. A clone that expresses propanediol dehydratase activity was isolated from a Salmonella genomic library. DNA sequence analysis showed that the clone included part of the pduF gene, the pduABCDE genes, and a long partial open reading frame (ORF1). The clone included 3.9 kbp of pdu DNA which had not been previously sequenced. Complementation and expression studies with subclones constructed via PCR showed that three genes (pduCDE) are necessary and sufficient for propanediol dehydratase activity. The function of ORF1 was not determined. Analyses showed that the S. typhimurium propanediol dehydratase was related to coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratases from Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Unexpectedly, the S. typhimurium propanediol dehydratase was found to be 98% identical in amino acid sequence to the Klebsiella oxytoca propanediol dehydratase; this is a much higher identity than expected, given the relationship between these organisms. DNA sequence analyses also supported previous studies indicating that the pdu operon was inherited along with the adjacent cobalamin biosynthesis operon by a single horizontal gene transfer.
Sense discovery via co-clustering on images and text

We present a co-clustering framework that can be used to discover multiple semantic and visual senses of a given Noun Phrase (NP). Unlike traditional clustering approaches which assume a one-to-one mapping between the clusters in the text-based feature space and the visual space, we adopt a one-to-many mapping between the two spaces. This is primarily because each semantic sense (concept) can correspond to different visual senses due to viewpoint and appearance variations. Our structure-EM style optimization not only extracts the multiple senses in both semantic and visual feature space, but also discovers the mapping between the senses. We introduce a challenging dataset (CMU Polysemy-30) for this problem consisting of 30 NPs (∼5600 labeled instances out of ∼22K total instances). We have also conducted a large-scale experiment that performs sense disambiguation for ∼2000 NPs.
X-ray diffraction evidence for the formation of a discotic phase during graphitization

Abstract The low-angle peak with a spacing of 10 A observed in X-ray diffraction scans of partially pyrolyzed aromatic molecules is attributed to the formation of a liquid crystalline pre-graphitic phase that we identify as discotic. This conclusion is substantiated using data obtained for partially pyrolyzed 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). The crystalline reflections of PTCDA are replaced by amorphous scattering during pyrolysis at 530°C. In addition to the commonly observed amorphous carbon peak providing an interlayer spacing of about 3.5 A, a low-angle peak corresponding to a 10 A spacing is observed in partially pyrolyzed PTCDA. Based on simulation of structure and diffraction patterns using molecular dynamic calculations, this peak is attributed to the distance between columns of rotationally disordered, partially pyrolyzed PTCDA molecules in a discotic phase.
Do We Need a National Food Policy

The title of this paper was changed from the one that the organizers gave me not merely because of a dislike of prolixity but also for more substantive reasons. The original title was "Do Consumers or the Nation Need a National Food Policy?" It reflected the division of labor between Seevers and myself, with his speaking about food policy from the producer's point of view. I recognize, of course, that there is a producer's point of view, and I have no doubt he will give it adequate weight. Nevertheless, I feel that if we, that is, the consumers, do not need a national food policy, then it is not likely that producers are justified in asking for one. To say that national policies have to be oriented towards consumers rather than producers may betray a total lack of political sensitivity. We all know that policies for particular industries, be it energy, transportation, or steel, are generally initiated and supported by producer interests. However, this paper deals with policy rather than politics, and approaches the subject from an economist's point of view. That point of view, by and large, is a consumer's point of view. By way of further introduction, let me say something about the notion of a national policy without regard to its subject. Consider the industry that economists have studied most thoroughly, the widget industry. If someone calls for a National Widget Policy, we can be sure that he wants the government to do something. Doing nothing is not generally considered a policy, even though it may be the best approach the government can take. Furthermore, to be worthy of the name, a National Widget Policy would have to have some degree of internal consistency; a panoply of contradictory measures presumably could not be described as a national policy. It follows that the desirability of a National Widget Policy should be judged against two alternatives, one being government abstention) the laws and regulations remained in sures. It is the latter alternative that people usually have in mind when they call for a national policy. The very nature of the political process makes it inevitable that government intervention in any industry is beset by contradictions. Many government measures were originally motivated by immediate problems, but even after these problems had disappeared (whether or not as a result of government action) the laws and regulations remained in force. An important reason for this persistence of obsolete programs is that each of them has usually acquired a constituency of its own. A major effort is therefore needed to get rid of government programs that have outlived their usefulness. Nevertheless, it can be done, as the abolition of the sugar program in 1974 shows.
Mexico under NAFTA: a critical assessment

Abstract This paper assesses the evolution and performance of several key economic and social variables in Mexico following the passage of NAFTA. The evidence shows that under NAFTA Mexican trade and foreign direct investment inflows have risen at rapid rates, particularly in the export-oriented assembly-line sector. However, the evidence also suggests that it is hard to disentangle the effects of NAFTA from the other non-NAFTA factors such as demand in the U.S. in explaining the dynamism of the Mexican export sector (and economy). This has been attested by how the Mexican economy has been dragged into a severe recession over the past two years as a result of the relatively mild downturn in the U.S. business cycle. Insofar as employment growth, real wages in manufacturing, and productivity performance is concerned, the evidence presented indicates that the record has been lackluster at best and disastrous at worst. Manufacturing employment fell dramatically after the peso crisis, and remains stagnant. Real wages have plunged since the peso crisis and have yet to recover levels attained in the mid-1980s. In terms of productivity performance, no strong conclusions can be reached given the conflicting estimates in the extant literature. At best, the data show that productivity rose at healthy rates in the tradeable sector, but stagnated in the non-tradeable sector. Finally, the paper presents evidence which shows that both the functional and size distribution of income have become more skewed during the period of trade and investment liberalization (JEL 040,054).
Evaluation of a minimal self-help smoking cessation intervention following cervical cancer screening.

Abstract Objective . This study was undertaken to evaluate a smoking cessation intervention provided to women smokers as follow-up to cervical cancer screening. Methods . Women who had had a Pap test in the prior month ( N = 4,053) were called to complete a survey that assessed smoking status; 580 identified smokers were randomized to receive Usual care ( n = 292) or a Self-help intervention ( n = 288) that included a self-help booklet, a smoking and reproductive health infor mation card, and three telephone counseling calls. Women were followed up at 6 and 15 months postbase line. Results . Cessation rates in the Usual care (UC) and Self-help (SH) groups did not differ at the 6-month (UC 10.5% vs SH 10.9%, P = 0.56) or 15-month follow-up (UC 15.5% vs SH 10.6%, P = 0.17). Among women with an abnormal Pap test result there were no differences by study group in cessation rates at 6-month (UC 9.8% vs SH 11.0%, P = 0.71) or 15-month follow-up (UC 14.6% vs SH 13.4%, P = 0.96). Conclusion . Integrating interventions into the clini cal setting and involving providers at the point of care may have greater potential for capitalizing on this “teachable moment.”
Histologic subtypes of hepatoblastoma are characterized by differential canonical Wnt and Notch pathway activation in DLK+ precursors

Hepatoblastoma is characterized by a diversity of differentiation patterns, some resembling stages of liver development, and occasionally associated with clinical behavior. Our hypothesis is that histologic microheterogeneity in hepatoblastoma correlates with molecular heterogeneity and reflects different stages of developmental arrest. We studied the activation status of the Wnt and Notch pathways and the differential expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, EGFR, and IGF2 genes, relevant to liver development and malignant transformation in histologic variants of hepatoblastoma. Eighty-seven percent of 32 hepatoblastoma cases studied carried CTNNB1 mutations within the ubiquitination domain. Large deletions were seen only in pure fetal cases, also characterized by CCND1 and GLUL (GS) overexpression. Hepatoblastomas with small-cell type appeared clearly distinct and were the only ones with negative GLUL expression. HES1 expression and HES1/AXIN2 used to measure Notch versus Wnt activation ratio were particularly elevated in pure fetal cases and were lowest in hepatoblastomas with small-cell component. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α was relatively elevated only in embryonal hepatoblastomas. DLK1, DKK, AXIN2, IGF2, and EGFR were increased in all subtypes. Our results support the hypothesis that hepatoblastoma microheterogeneity correlates with molecular heterogeneity. DLK1, a marker of bipotential oval cells, is consistently up-regulated in hepatoblastoma. Therefore, we speculate that hepatoblastomas may arise from a proliferating bipotential precursor. Wnt activation is prevalent in hepatoblastomas, most significantly in predominantly embryonal and mixed types, whereas Notch activation, needed for cholangiocytic differentiation at a more differentiated state, is highest in pure fetal hepatoblastomas. The relative Wnt versus Notch activation appears useful in stratifying different subtypes.
Effects of acidic amino acid antagonists on paired-pulse potentiation at the lateral perforant path

The glutamate analogue 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) has been shown to selectively reduce synaptic transmission along the lateral portion of the perforant path input to the dentate gyrus. APB is studied here with respect to effects on paired-pulse potentiation (PPP) along the perforant path. Application of APB causes a reduction in lateral perforant path responses, but also an increase in the %PPP of that response. The effect does not result simply from reducing response size, because the amount of potentiation of matched first responses increases, and also because APB reduces the potentiated response proportionately less than a comparable first response. A similar effect is seen by decreasing extracellular calcium. Reducing lateral perforant path responses with kynurenic acid, which apparently acts on postsynaptic sites, does not have a similar effect on PPP. These results may indicate a presynaptic action of APB, possibly mediated via an effect on presynaptic calcium availability.
Computational representation of discourse practices across populations in task-based dialogue

In this work, we employ quantitative methods to describe the discourse practices observed in a direction giving task. We place a special emphasis on comparing differences in strategies between two separate populations and between successful and unsuccessful groups. We isolate differences in these strategies through several novel representations of discourse practices. We find that information sharing, instruction giving, and social feedback strategies are distinct between subpopulations in empirically identifiable ways.
Application of the transfer matrix method to reflection gratings in positive and negative index materials

The transfer matrix method (TMM) has been used to analyze plane wave and beam propagation through linear photonic bandgap structures. Here, we apply TMM to determine the exact spatial behavior of TE and TM waves in periodic refractive index structures of arbitrary thickness. First, we extend the TMM approach to analyze plane wave propagation through Kerr type nonlinear media. Secondly, we analyze second harmonic fields in a 1D nonlinear photonic crystal for arbitrary angle of incidence of the fundamental plane wave. This allows us to construct the overall transfer matrix of nonlinear waves for the whole nonlinear optical structure from all the individual layer transfer matrices. We extend this method to analyze the effect of second order nonlinearity to beam propagation by applying TMM to the angular spectral components of the beam(s).
Structure of p ( 2 × 2 ) and c ( 2 × 2 ) Oxygen on Ni(100): A Surface Extended-X-Ray Absorption Fine-Structure Study

In contrast to recent theoretical electronic structure calculations and analysis of electron energy-loss (ELS) spectra, surface extended-x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements establish the local structural equivalence of $p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ and $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ oxygen on Ni(100). In both cases the oxygen atoms chemisorb in the fourfold hollow site with an O-Ni bond length of 1.96 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 \AA{} (i.e., ${d}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=0.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ \AA{}). In the light of the present results the large ELS frequency shift (14 meV) between the $p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ and $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ phases remains a puzzle.
synaptojanin1 Is Required for Temporal Fidelity of Synaptic Transmission in Hair Cells

To faithfully encode mechanosensory information, auditory/vestibular hair cells utilize graded synaptic vesicle (SV) release at specialized ribbon synapses. The molecular basis of SV release and consequent recycling of membrane in hair cells has not been fully explored. Here, we report that comet, a gene identified in an ENU mutagenesis screen for zebrafish larvae with vestibular defects, encodes the lipid phosphatase Synaptojanin 1 (Synj1). Examination of mutant synj1 hair cells revealed basal blebbing near ribbons that was dependent on Cav1.3 calcium channel activity but not mechanotransduction. Synaptojanin has been previously implicated in SV recycling; therefore, we tested synaptic transmission at hair-cell synapses. Recordings of post-synaptic activity in synj1 mutants showed relatively normal spike rates when hair cells were mechanically stimulated for a short period of time at 20 Hz. In contrast, a sharp decline in the rate of firing occurred during prolonged stimulation at 20 Hz or stimulation at a higher frequency of 60 Hz. The decline in spike rate suggested that fewer vesicles were available for release. Consistent with this result, we observed that stimulated mutant hair cells had decreased numbers of tethered and reserve-pool vesicles in comparison to wild-type hair cells. Furthermore, stimulation at 60 Hz impaired phase locking of the postsynaptic activity to the mechanical stimulus. Following prolonged stimulation at 60 Hz, we also found that mutant synj1 hair cells displayed a striking delay in the recovery of spontaneous activity. Collectively, the data suggest that Synj1 is critical for retrieval of membrane in order to maintain the quantity, timing of fusion, and spontaneous release properties of SVs at hair-cell ribbon synapses.
Does preoperative cross-sectional imaging accurately predict main duct involvement in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm?

Main pancreatic duct (MPD) involvement is a well-demonstrated risk factor for malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Preoperative radiographic determination of IPMN type is heavily relied upon in oncologic risk stratification. We hypothesized that radiographic assessment of MPD involvement in IPMN is an accurate predictor of pathological MPD involvement. Data regarding all patients undergoing resection for IPMN at a single academic institution between 1992 and 2012 were gathered prospectively. Retrospective analysis of imaging and pathologic data was undertaken. Preoperative classification of IPMN type was based on cross-sectional imaging (MRI/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and/or CT). Three hundred sixty-two patients underwent resection for IPMN. Of these, 334 had complete data for analysis. Of 164 suspected branch duct (BD) IPMN, 34 (20.7 %) demonstrated MPD involvement on final pathology. Of 170 patients with suspicion of MPD involvement, 50 (29.4 %) demonstrated no MPD involvement. Of 34 patients with suspected BD-IPMN who were found to have MPD involvement on pathology, 10 (29.4 %) had invasive carcinoma. Alternatively, 2/50 (4 %) of the patients with suspected MPD involvement who ultimately had isolated BD-IPMN demonstrated invasive carcinoma. Preoperative radiographic IPMN type did not correlate with final pathology in 25 % of the patients. In addition, risk of invasive carcinoma correlates with pathologic presence of MPD involvement.
Caco-2 cell metabolism of oxygen-derived radicals

Reactive oxygen metabolites have been associated with gastrointestinal injury and may play a role as mediators of inflammation. The effect of oxygen metabolites on Caco-2 cell viability (trypan blue exclusion and51Cr release), hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and glutathione was assessed. Caco-2 cells were incubated with amino acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, menadione, andt-butylhydroperoxide in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, mannitol, and butylated hydroxytoluene. With amino acid oxidase, trypan blue exclusion decreased (P<0.01) and51Cr release, oxidized glutathione, and shunt activity increased (P<0.05). The addition of catalase attenuated these changes. Trypan blue exclusion decreased (P<0.005) and51Cr release, oxidized glutathione, and shunt activity increased (P<0.01) with xanthine oxidase. The addition of superoxide dismutase caused a further increase in51Cr release, oxidized glutathione, and shunt activity (P<0.01), which was prevented by the addition of catalase or mannitol.t-Butylhydroperoxide did not effect51Cr release or trypan blue exclusion, but oxidized glutathione and shunt activity increased (P<0.01). The increase in shunt activity was prevented by preincubation with butylated hydroxytoluene (P<0.01). Menadione did not alter trypan blue exclusion or51Cr release, but caused an increase in oxidized glutathione and shunt activity (P<0.001). The increase in shunt activity was attenuated by preincubation with butylated hydroxytoluene (P<0.001). Menadione also caused a depletion of total glutathione. Thus, Caco-2 cells are sensitive to oxidant injury and in all four systems increase in shunt activity and oxidized glutathione occurred at concentrations lower than those that caused cell injury, suggesting the shunt via the glutathione cycle is important in Caco-2 cell metabolism of oxidant species.
Energy Extraction and Achievement of the Saturation Limit in a Discharge-Pumped Table-Top Soft X-Ray Amplifier.

We report the generation of laser pulse energies up to $30\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{J}$ at 46.9 nm in the plasma column of a fast compressional capillary discharge. Double pass experiments using an iridium mirror achieved a gain-length product greater than 25. The results provide the first clear evidence of saturated operation of a table-top soft x-ray amplifier.
Species-specific sperm attraction in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and the quagga mussel, Dreissena bugensis

The occurrence of species-specific agents that attract sperm to spawned oocytes of zebra and quagga mussels might explain both the high fecundity of these species and their apparent inability to hy...
EFFECTS OF CATIONS AND ANIONS ON PROTOPLASMIC ELASTICITY

It is generally believed that one of the chief r?les of cations is to maintain the protoplasmic colloids in the proper state of dispersion and aggregation. Many authors have compared protoplasm to non-living colloidal systems and assume that the electric charge of the colloidal particles is of first significance in preventing the precipitation of the particles. If the charge on the protoplasmic colloids is of prime importance in maintaining the stability of the system, the valence of introduced cations should largely determine the effects of such ions in dispersing or aggregating the colloids. A greater dispersion of the colloids should result in a decrease in protoplasmic consistency and an aggregation should result in an increase. As yet, there is no general agreement as to the effects of cations on protoplasmic consistency. Seifriz (7) states that . "the effect of sodium and of calcium on protoplasm is a controversial subject, though the consensus of opinion appears to indicate that, in general, sodium disperses and calcium aggregates." On the other hand, Heilbrunn (1) maintains that sodium and potassium increase the viscosity of the main mass of protoplasm whereas calcium and magnesium decrease the viscosity. In Amoeba, however, the cortical protoplasm does not respond to cations as does the endoplasm (1). In the cortical protoplasm Heil?brunn reports that sodium, potassium, and magnesium cause liquefaction whereas calcium causes a pronounced stiffening. Previous investigations carried out in this laboratory indicate that the protoplasm in which the chloroplasts of Spirogyra are embedded is not a simple colloidal system such as the physical chemist studies. For example, Northen (2) has noted that when protoplasm in cells of Zygnema and Spirogyra is cooled the consistency reaches a maximum as rapidly as temperature equilibrium is attained, whereas in non-living hydrophilic colloidal systems (e.g., gelatin solution) the consistency increases during a long period after temperature equilibrium has been reached. One assumption of Northen, however, should be corrected. At the time, Northen stated that it was probable that the displacement of the chloroplasts by centrifugal accelerations was limited by the ease with which the chloroplasts could bend rather than by the resistance of the cytoplasm. Observations on the appearance of cells following centrifugation clearly indicate that the elasticity of the cytoplasm is the limiting factor rather than the ease with which the chloro-
The electrical manifestations observed in damaged or injured cardiac muscle; an experimental study.

Abstract The electrical manifestations produced in the cardiac muscle by ischemia and toxic substances have been studied. In the damaged cardiac muscle the resting membrane potentials may be zero, subnormal, or supernormal. Damage producing block of the excitation wave may be observed without altering the resting membrane potentials. Accordingly, monophasic action potentials may be observed with or without currents of injury, and even with currents of injury, against the rule. In recording monophasic waves the only essential condition is block of the excitation wave. The presence or absence of injury currents is immaterial. In the damaged cardiac muscle the excitation wave is blocked. The intensity of block varies with the degree of damage. When block is severe, the excitation wave does not progress in the damaged tissue and monophasic action potentials are recorded. When block is less marked, the depolarization and repolarization processes are progressing slowly, and, thus, QRS-T complexes abnormal in size and width are registered. In the less damaged zone only the recovery process is delayed and primary T-wave changes recorded.
Predicting children's oral reading proficiency from selected acoustic and perceptual measures

Abstract In contrast to the amount of information available on acoustic characteristics of adults' effective speech, little data are available on children's vocal effectiveness. A study, therefore, has been initiated to examine the relationship between some acoustic characteristics and listener judgements of children's vocal effectiveness. This article is a sequel to the first one, which reported some acoustic characterisrtic of oral reading by 36 10- to 12-year-old children. It describes results of perceptual analyses of oral reading profeciency on a five-point scale, of reading error analysis, and results of multiple regression analysis for testing predictability of the oral reading proficiency from the perceptual and acoustical measures. Some sex differences in oral reading proficiency are also discussed.
Supraleitung und Teilchengröße in heterogenen Kupfer-Blei-Legierungen

It was shown that small lead particles of a size of 1 μm and smaller distributed in a copper matrix can cause this heterogeneous alloy to exhibit complete superconductivity. According to the size of the lead particles and their distribution the transition temperatures vary between 0,3 and 7°K.
Determination of cardiac output by thermodilution during hypothermia

The thermodilution method for estimating cardiac output was compared with the electromagnetic flowmeter technique in 10 mongrel dogs at normothermia and during surface-induced deep hypothermia. Thermodilution curves obtained during cooling or rewarming must be corrected for the baseline drift caused by changing core temperature. At normothermia, the correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.96 and the reproducibility of the thermodilution technique was 5 percent. Comparable correlation was present during hypothermia. Curves corrected for baseline drift resulted in significantly different output values from those derived from uncorrected curves (p < 0.05). The thermodilution method is valid at low body temperatures. Clinical confirmation of these results, particularly during open heart surgery in infants, is warranted.
Modification of U6 Spliceosomal RNA Is Guided by Other Small RNAs

The vertebrate spliceosomal snRNAs are highly modified by pseudouridylation and 2'-O-methylation. We have identified novel conserved small RNAs that can direct addition of two methyl groups in U6 snRNA, at A47 and C77. These guide RNAs, mgU6-47 (methylation guide for U6 snRNA residue 47) and mgU6-77 contain boxes C, C', D, and D' and associate with fibrillarin. Each RNA can form a duplex with U6 snRNA positioning A47 and C77 for 2'-O-methylation. The antisense element of mgU6-77 can also position C2970 of 28S rRNA for 2'-O-methylation. Depletion of mgU6-77 from Xenopus oocytes prevents 2'-O-methylation of both C77 in U6 and C2970 in 28S; methylation can be restored by injecting in vitro transcribed mgU6-77. Thus, mgU6-77 appears to function in the 2'-O-methylation of two distinct classes of cellular RNA, snRNA, and rRNA.
Optical heterodyne studies of Brillouin scattering in xenon near the critical point

Abstract We show that the light beating technique can be exploited to obtain accurate values for the sound velocity and attenuation in fluids in the frequency range from a few MHz to 100 MHz, and using this technique we have performed a Brillouin scattering study of sound propagation in xenon near the critical point.
Simultaneous calibration of acid diffusion and developer loading parameters for computational lithography

Resist parameters for computational lithography model were extracted from a set of gratings. The gratings comprised of lines and spaces where the main feature proximity was modulated by placement of sub and near resolution assist features. Modulating the size of the assist features resulted in simultaneous variation of the amount of photo-acid and developer loading. The straight Gaussian kernel was modified to represent the effect of base quencher to the photo-acid. An additional density based kernel was created to represent the effect of developer loading. These kernels allowed for significant improvement in fitting error. The models were validated against an independent data-set comprised of asymmetric features.
Studies of the deoxyribonucleic acid from mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria

Abstract 1. 1. DNA has been isolated from three mesophilic and three thermophilic strains of Bacillus. The DNA was essentially fully native. Protein and ribose contamination amounted to about 2 % each. 2. 2. The base composition of the DNA was determined by various methods. The DNA of the thermophiles had a consistently higher G+C content than the DNA of the mesophiles (about 53 and 45 mole %, respectively). 3. 3. Thermal denaturation profiles showed that the DNA of the thermophiles was consistently more heat stable than the DNA of the mesophiles (Tm values of about 92 and 88°, respectively). The Tm values correlated with the maximum growth temperatures of the organisms. 4. 4. Viscosity measurements yielded intrinsic viscosities of about 5000–7000 ml/g, molecular weights of about 8–16·106, and root mean square end-to-end distances of about 6000–8000 A. The DNA's did not differ significantly in these physical parameters with the exception of the DNA of Bacillus stearothermophilus 2184, for which the values were lower. 5. 5. Total RNA was also isolated from the above strains and shown to have a higher G+C content for the thermophiles than for the mesophiles.
Glenn A. Goodfriend: Amino acid racemization geochemist, geochronologist, paleontologist, Quaternarist, geoarchaeologist, wine connoisseur and collector, gourmand, and general good friend

Abstract On October 15, 2002, just before the national Geological Society of America GSA meetings that he rarely missed, Glenn A. Goodfriend passed away prematurely at age 51. Following a serious illness that began early in 2002, he died at George Washington University Hospital from pneumonia and other complications due to rhinocerebral mucomycosis, a systemic fungal infection. Glenn is survived by his father and stepmother, Morton and Theresa Goodfriend. A multidisciplinary scientist, Glenn studied evolutionary land snail ecology, amino acid racemization biogeochemistry, and geochronology, and applied these to problems in Quaternary stratigraphy, paleontology, zoology, geoarchaeology, paleoclimatology, and the marine sciences. A native of New Rochelle, NY, Glenn graduated with a Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Florida in 1983. From 1983 to 1992, he worked as a PDF, research scientist, and finally senior scientist at the Weizmann Institute in Israel. From 1990 to 1998, he was a Senior Research Associate in the Geophysical Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. From 1993 to 1995, he served as an adjunct faculty member at Johns Hopkins University. From 1998 until his death, Glenn was a Research Professor at the Earth and Environmental Sciences Department at George Washington University. Glenn published more than 70 scientific papers, many of them seminal classics, not counting the many left unfinished on his computer. As a broad scientific thinker, he collaborated on projects ranging from taphonomy to 14 C calibration. After organizing the 1998 international AAR conference, Glenn served as the lead editor on Perspectives in Amino Acid and Protein Geochemistry (Goodfriend et al., 2000). In 2002, he held almost 400 k$ in NSF grants. We will remember Glenn for his amazing ability to help others and his phenomenal attention to scientific detail. He allowed colleagues and students alike to pick his brain about lab procedures and research ideas, and he would take time from his busy schedule to troubleshoot experiments. He was indefatigable in the field and laboratory. Glenn loved good food and chocolate, as well as tasting and collecting fine wines. His cellar had several hundred bottles, from which he often treated friends to an exceptional bouquet. His many colleagues will sorely miss his scientific creativity and contributions. Like a fine wine, he was gone too soon.
A 10MHz-Bandwidth 2mV-Ripple PA-Supply Regulator for CDMA Transmitters

Polar modulation has been proven to be an effective way to build high-efficiency high-linearity power amplifier systems. In a polar transmitter, high-efficiency non-linear power amplifiers can be used for linearly modulated waveforms. Because of envelope bandwidth expansion in polar modulated transmitters, the design of a wide-bandwidth high-efficiency supply modulator is one of the most challenging aspects of a polar transmitter. The most common technique for providing wide-bandwidth low-noise supply modulation in a linear system PA is by using linear low-dropout regulators, however at backed-off power levels their efficiencies are low. Envelope tracking is another common technique for transmitter design. Although this technique relaxes the bandwidth requirement of the supply modulator, it uses a less efficient linear power amplifier. A parallel combination of linear and switch-mode regulators for a polar PA is proposed. A similar topology for EDGE PA regulators has been proposed.
Microplane model for stiff foams and finite element analysis of sandwich failure by core indentation

Composite sandwich plates and shells are gaining increasing popularity in engineering practice, due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio, low thermal conductivity and energy absorption characteristics. Modeling of the structural response of a sandwich member requires knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the materials used for the facings and the core. The paper presents a new constitutive model for closed-cell cellular materials, developed with the microplane approach. The model is then employed in a finite element analysis of three point bending tests of sandwich beams failing by core indentation. Good agreement of the numerical results with the experimental observations is achieved. This proves the new model to be capable of satisfactorily reproducing the mechanical response of cellular materials.
Abstract 2070: Obesity, p53 and increased oxidative stress: The role of TXNIP

Background: Although epidemiological studies show a strong association between increased BMI and heightened risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, the underlying mechanisms by which obesity influences breast cancer susceptibility are multivariate and poorly characterized. One potential mechanism by which obesity contributes to breast cancer initiation is through induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative burden is strongly implicated in tumor initiating events through induction of chromosome instability, dysregulation of proapoptotic signaling, and redox modulation of the tumor suppressor gene, TP53. Obesity and p53 mutations are both associated with development of aggressive, ER-negative disease in younger women. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify genes that link obesity to p53 and oxidative stress. Results: We isolated mRNA from the mammary fat pads of obese p53 +/+ and obese +/− mice. Using a qPCR array, we measured the expression of 85 genes related to oxidative stress and screened for transcripts that were altered by at least 2 fold. Expression of the gene thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was increased by almost 30 fold in MFP of sedentary, obese p53 +/− mice compared to sedentary, obese p53 +/+ mice (n=3). We validated this finding using 6 mice from each group and found that Txnip mRNA was significantly increased by almost 3 fold in the MFP of obese p53 +/− mice compared to obese p53 +/+ mice (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2070. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2070
A characterization of the Jacobson-Smiley radical

The Jacobson-Smiley radical rad ‘2l of an alternative algebra ?l is the maximal ideal consisting entirely of elements z which are quasi-invertible in the sense that 1 x is invertible. It has long been conjectured that, as in the associative case, the radical consists precisely of the elements z which are properly quasi-invertibIe in the sense that all az and %a (a E $3) are quasiinvertible. In this note we will establish this conjecture, We also show that proper quasi-invertibility of z is equivalent to the condition that s be quasi-invertible in all homotopes ‘$I t2) of !!l; this condition is more useful in practice than proper quasi-invertibility itself, and we use it to obtain short proofs of such results as that rad(e%e) = e%e n rad 21 for any idempotent e and that rad !23 = b fl rad % for any ideal 8. Throughout, heavy emphasis is placed on the passage from the alternative algebra *zI to the quadratic Jordan algebra %+ (in keeping with a standard procedure for noncommutative Jordan algebras); our results indicate the utility of Jordan techniques in the study of alternative algebras.
Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response. VI. Hapten augmentation of plaque formation and hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation as assays for anti-idiotype antibody.

Abstract (1) Evidence has been presented that the detection of hapten-augmentable plaques indicates cells whose secretion of antibody had been blocked by the binding of auto-anti-id to cell surface idiotypes. Because of the dependence of the assay on the affinities of the various species for one another, the number of hapten-augmentable plaques detected should be regarded as a minimal estimate of the number of cells whose secretion of antibody is inhibited by auto-anti-id. For confirmation that hapten-augmentable PFC are due to auto-anti-id 2 principal controls are important: (a) incubation of the spleen cell population with hapten prior to plaquing should remove the hapten-augmentable PFC; (b) the dialyzed supernate from hapten incubated cells should inhibit plaque formation in a hapten-reversible manner. (2) Evidence has been presented that hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation can serve as an assay for anti-id. Apparent false positive assays can result from the presence of anti-hapten antibody or antigen-antibody complexes; however, these apparent false positives are rarely reversed by hapten. Removal of anti-hapten antibody, by passage over an antigen immunoadsorbent, will eliminate this source of false positives and the procedure is recommended. False negative results can arise from mismatching of the anti-ids in the sample to be assayed and the idiotypes of the target cells used in the assay. This can result from shifts in idiotype expression related to age and time after antigen injection. False negatives can also result from the presence of idiotype-anti-id complexes in the sample to be assayed. This source of false negatives can sometimes be eliminated by passage of the sample through an antigen immunoadsorbent. (3) The existence of a high degree of hapten-augmentable PFC introduces complexities into the interpretation of hapten inhibition of plaque formation in terms of the affinity of the antibody secreted by the PFC. In such cases more accurate data might be obtained by examining cells after a brief incubation with hapten followed by washing. (4) It should be recognized that while hapten augmentable plaques may indicate the presence of auto-anti-id they cannot determine the number or complexity of the idiotype-anti-idiotype sets. However, hapten augmentation of plaque formation may prove valuable because it permits detection of auto-anti-id in complex systems where anti-id may not be detectable by more conventional techniques.
Characterization of an IL-1 receptor from Asterias forbesi coelomocytes.

Abstract The tremendous importance of cytokines to immune defensive systems suggests that they have been conserved through evolution. The existence of interleukin (IL)-1-like molecules in several invertebrate groups substantiates this hypothesis. To characterize further the relationship of invertebrate IL-1-like molecules, we have used competitive binding assays to show that invertebrate coelomocytes of the starfish Asterias forbesi possess an IL-1-specific binding protein. Competitive binding experiments used radiolabeled human IL-1α. IL-1 bound specifically to the coelomocytes by a single high-affinity binding site ( K d = 8.72 × 10 −10 /M). There are ≈6000 binding sites per cell. The specificity of the receptor was confirmed by demonstrating that, among a group of cytokines and lymphokines tested, only vertebrate IL-1- or echinoderm IL-1-like molecules and the vertebrate IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibit IL-1 binding. Treatment of coelomocytes (labeled with IL-1α) with bivalent water-soluble crosslinkers identified a membrane protein of ≈70 kDa to which IL-1 is specifically crosslinked.
Mitigating RF heating near medical devices in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Because of its excellent soft tissue imaging capability, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a desirable diagnostic modality. This modality, however, is presently denied to many patients with implanted medical devices due to adverse interaction of the device with the electromagnetic fields of the MRI system. These adverse interactions include heating near the tissue-electrode interface due to the radiofrequency (RF) field. This work proposes a technique to mitigate the RF heating by a field reduction scheme. While the work concentrates on simplified structures that can be well understood from an analytical approach, the method shown can be extended to the more complex geometry of an implanted lead.