cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Continuation of History: Power Transition Theory and the End of the Cold War:

This article offers an interpretation of the current international situation from the perspective of power transition theory. Previous efforts to understand what the end of the Cold War means for international relations have provided only part of the picture. Optimistic views tend to deny the possibility of the emergence of new threats, while pessimistic arguments generally fail to recognize that the prospects for major war have been significantly reduced by the dramatic events of the last half decade. The interpretation offered here is potentially advantageous because it draws insights from a theory with a long record of empirical support. Power transition theory is consistent with the existence of a 'Long Peace' since World War II, with the Cold War's peaceful end, and thus provides confidence to those who would use it to interpret the prospects for the future. The conclusion offered here is that while the end of the Cold War offers reason for celebration, there is also cause for concern.
Latch Based Interconnect Pipelining For High Speed Integrated Circuits

Aggressive optimization of global interconnect and various improvement skims, such as, repeater insertion, advancement of interconnect materials and use of low dielectrics constant materials are not sufficient to ensure the required performance of high-performance nanometer-scale integrated circuits, since interconnect delays will far exceed the device delays, and multiple clock cycles may be needed for cross-chip signal communication. Unconventional methodologies like insertion of sequential elements in interconnects lines ? a concept that has become known as interconnect pipelining - are required to find acceptable solution beyond traditional buffer-insertion based interconnect systems. Here a survey of the issues and challenges in realizing interconnect pipelining technique are presented. Wire pipelining can be based on two approaches - edge triggered flip-flops based and transparent latch based pipelining. Here a set of analytical models is developed to study the implementation of latch based wire pipelining. The proposed analytical models can be used to predict the minimum number, position and feasible region of latches required for wire pipelining scheme.
TOPA quinone, a kainate-like agonist and excitotoxin is generated by a catecholaminergic cell line.

The quinone derivative of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA) is a selective non-NMDA agonist and excitotoxin. While 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-containing physiological solutions have been shown to generate TOPA and TOPA quinone (TOPA compounds), there have been no previous reports demonstrating the formation of this toxin in biological preparations. Here, using a pheochromocytoma catecholaminergic clonal cell line (PC12), we have identified TOPA compounds as by-products of catecholamine synthesis. PC12 cells incubated for 45 min with 30 microM tyrosine as a catecholamine precursor produced 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/10(6) cells of total TOPA compounds. The formation of these compounds could be enhanced nearly twofold when the cells were stimulated with 56 mM KCl. Moreover, the addition of a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor (30 microM NSD-1015) increased the formation of TOPA compounds in both the unstimulated and stimulated conditions to a maximum of 5.5 +/- 0.7 pmol/10(6) cells after a 45 min incubation. A time-course analysis revealed that DOPA production above baseline levels coincided with the detectable generation of TOPA compounds. Finally, we observed an inhibition of TOPA compounds formation by 100 microM reduced glutathione, suggesting that these catecholamine products are formed from the extracellular autoxidation of DOPA. We propose that TOPA quinone may be an underestimated component of catecholamine toxicity that could be partly responsible for the demise of neurons in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson9s and Huntington9s disease. In addition, TOPA quinone may represent the first identified selective non-NMDA agonist that may be synthesized in the brain.
A space-time finite element method for structural acoustics in infinite domains part 2: Exact time-dependent non-reflecting boundary conditions

Abstract In Part 1, a new space-time finite element method for transient structural acoustics in exterior domains was given. The formulation employs a finite computational fluid domain surrounding the structure and incorporates local time-dependent non-reflecting boundary conditions on the fluid truncation boundary. In this paper, new exact time-dependent non-reflecting boundary conditions are developed for solutions of the scalar wave equation in three space dimensions. These high-order accurate absorbing boundary conditions are based on the exact impedance relation for the acoustic fluid through the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map in the frequency domain and are exact for solutions consisting of the first N spherical wave harmonics. Time-dependent boundary conditions are obtained through an inverse Fourier transform procedure. Two alternative sequences of boundary conditions are derived; the first involves both temporal and spatial derivatives (local in time and local in space version), and the second involves temporal derivatives and a spatial integral (local in time and non-local in space version). These non-reflecting boundary conditions are incorporated as ‘natural’ boundary conditions in the space-time variational equation, i.e. they are enforced weakly in both space and time. Several numerical examples involving transient radiation are presented to illustrate the high-order accuracy and efficiency achieved by the new space-time finite element formulation for transient structural acoustics with non-reflecting boundaries.
Digital data transmission tests over voice channels

In order to better understand the ramifications of transmitting and receiving digital data over typical voice channels, a series of tests were performed in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, using existing local government transmitting sites and a specially equipped mobile unit. Carrier frequency, digital data transmission rate, modulation technique, range of transmis sion, speed of the mobile unit and the time of day were varied for test purposes. Tests were conducted in both urban and suburban environments. This paper discusses test procedures, sites, routes, test equipment and the results obtained.
Amniotic fluid as a vital sign for fetal wellbeing

Introduction: Amniotic fluid, once thought to merely provide protection and room for necessary movement and growth for the fetus, is now understood to be a highly complex and dynamic system that is studied as a data point to interpret fetal wellbeing. Methods: Assessment of amniotic fluid volume is now routine when performing a sonographic evaluation of fetal status and is an important consideration in the assessment and management of perinatal morbidity and mortality.1,2 In this review, we will cover the dynamics that affect amniotic fluid volume, review methods for measurement and quantification of volume, review definitions for normative data as related to neonatal outcomes, and provide evidence based guidance on the workup and management options for oligoydramnios and polyhydramnios in singleton and twin pregnancies. Conclusions: When abnormalities of fluid exist, appropriate workup to uncover the underlying etiology should be initiated as adverse fetal outcomes are sometimes associated with these variations from normalcy.
High-grade malignant transformation of a radiation-naïve nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Background Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are typically considered benign vascular neoplasms, with descriptions of high-grade sarcomatous change found only in lesions with prior radiotherapy. Methods and Results We describe the first reported case of high-grade malignant change in a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma naive to radiation. A 45-year-old man presented with left-sided nasal congestion and fullness and was found to have a left-sided nasopharyngeal mass with intracranial extension on CT scan. A biopsy of the mass revealed nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The patient opted for MRI surveillance, which revealed interval growth 3 years later. Decompression surgery revealed only angiofibroma, but resection 9 months later demonstrated high-grade sarcoma and concomitant angiofibroma. The patient had residual disease which progressed through chemoradiation, and is now pursuing clinical trial enrollment. Conclusion Malignant transformation of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is extremely rare. As highlighted by this report, high-grade undifferentiated lesions may arise in tumors without previous radiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Palynologic, petrographic and geochemical composition of the Vancleve coal bed in its type area, Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, Central Appalachian Basin

Abstract The Vancleve coal bed was studied geochemically, palynologically, and petrographically near the type area of the Vancleve coal bed, where new road construction has provided fresh exposures. In the study area, the Vancleve coal is relatively thin ( Palynologically, the coal is dominated by Lycospora (avg. 80.4%), the dispersed spore genus of Lepidophloios , Lepidodendron , and Paralycopodites . Lycospora micropapillata and Lycospora orbicula , both of which were produced by Paralycopodites , an ecotonal, colonizing lycopod, are more prevalent near the base of the coal bed. Lycospora pellucida , Lycospora granulata (produced by Lepidophloios ), and Lycospora pusilla (produced by Lepidodendron ) are more abundant in the middle and upper portions of the bed. Spores and pollen from other Pennsylvanian plant groups are minor in occurrence. Biostratigraphically, the coal is transitional Westphalian A/B in age, containing both Late Langsettian, and Early Duckmantian elements. Petrographically, the coal is high in vitrinite content (avg. 80.5%, mmf), with telovitrinite occurring more commonly than detrovitrinite and gelovitrinite (avg. TV / DV + GV = 3.3). Liptinite (avg. 9.4%, mmf) and inertinite (10.2%, mmf) occur in minor amounts by comparison. The average random vitrinite reflectance of the Vancleve coal is 0.54%, and the average calculated maximum vitrinite reflectance is 0.58%, indicating the Vancleve coal to be high volatile C/B bituminous in rank, in the study area. Low ash yields are often considered indicative, at least in part, of ombrotrophic (raised) mire origins in Pennsylvanian coal beds. However, the dominance of Lycospora , vitrinite macerals, and high sulfur contents indicates that the Vancleve coal bed is most likely formed from a planar, rheothrophic mire, with a consistently high water table. Low ash yields indicate that the paleomire was not subjected to any large influxes of sediment during peat accumulation from extra-mire sources. Palynologically, the very thin ( Lycospora dominant. Petrographically, they are high in vitrinite content, but have lower TV / DV + GV ratios (avg. 2.0). Collectively, these data indicate that the leader coals also formed from planar, rheotrophic mires, though with substantially more influence from extra mire sediment sources. The coal is locally capped and cutout by paleochannels. Sediments from a heterolithic, laterally accreting channel appear to have locally loaded the peat when it was still pliable resulting in sandstone dikes and injection structures. Loading on pliable peat may also have led to slumping in the overlying channel fill.
Transition from Student to Physical Therapist

A longitudinal study of 15 entry-level postbaccalaureate degree graduates was conducted to determine whether their perceptions of the professional role of the physical therapist and of self in that role changed after employment had begun and whether a relationship exists between these perceptions and job satisfaction. Data were collected by mail using a semantic differential test for measuring role perceptions and a questionnaire that included items related to job satisfaction and to demographic data. The return rate was 93%. At the time of data collection, the graduates had been employed for 12 to 18 months. The data on role perceptions were compared with data previously reported by Fincher Corb et al4 that had been collected on these same subjects when they entered the physical therapy education program and when they completed the program. Kendall's coefficient of concordance revealed significant differences ( p < .05) in three concepts relating to the professional role of the physical therapist and in one concept relating to self in that role. In each instance, the role perception score was lower after 12 to 18 months of employment. Job satisfaction scores were relatively high among the subjects. Spearman correlation coefficients calculated between job satisfaction and role perception scores revealed a positive and direct relationship between three role concepts and job satisfaction. Results of this study provide information about the professional socialization process in physical therapy. [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/67/226?iss=2
The Evolution of Periodic Step Arrays on Si by Surface Diffusion

Periodic step arrays on Si(001) surfaces have been produced using photolithography, reactive ion etching and vacuum annealing. These have been studied by optical diffraction, low energy electron diffraction(LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The periodically varying step density on these arrays has been examined by STM. For small deviations from (100) along the [110] zone, single atomic steps dominate, while at larger angles biatomic steps are the most common; at intermediate angles the steps are of mixed character and there is some evidence for a range of unstable orientations. Interesting differences in the ratio of the areas of the two types of terrace (2x1) reconstructions are observed for the minima and maxima of the quasi- sinusoidal surfaces; these differences may be due to stresses produced by the step arrays or to differences in the line tensions associated with the two different types of steps on reconstructed Si(001) surfaces. The observations will be compared to the predictions of capillarity theory for isotropie materials. At high temperatures surface diffusion leads to a decay in amplitude of these surface gratings probably by mutual annihilation of atomic steps at the extrema. The overall rate of this process has been followed by monitoring the change in the distribution of intensity in the diffraction pattern from the grating using a He-Ne laser while the sample is annealed in UHV. With some simplifying assumptions, the intensity distribution can be directly related to the grating amplitude. The experiments are being performed for a range of grating spacings (to allow identification of the dominant transport process from scaling laws) and for a range of temperatures. The relationship between the “macroscopic” observations of the shape development and the STM results will be explored.
Physical Activity-Related Social Control and Social Support in Older Adults: Cognitive and Emotional Pathways to Physical Activity

A survey of 217 older adults assessed physical activity-related positive and negative social control and emotional and informational support, using structural equation modeling to investigate mediational effects of emotional responses and behavioral intentions on physical activity. There were significant indirect effects of social control and social support on intentions as mediated by positive, but not negative, emotional responses, and significant indirect effects of emotional responses on physical activity as mediated by intentions. These findings help to identify the cognitive and emotional pathways by which social control and social support may promote or detract from physical activity in later life.
Mapping concentrations of posttraumatic stress and depression trajectories following Hurricane Ike.

We investigated geographic concentration in elevated risk for a range of postdisaster trajectories of chronic posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) and depression symptoms in a longitudinal study (N = 561) of a Hurricane Ike affected population in Galveston and Chambers counties, TX. Using an unadjusted spatial scan statistic, we detected clusters of elevated risk of PTSS trajectories, but not depression trajectories, on Galveston Island. We then tested for predictors of membership in each trajectory of PTSS and depression (e.g., demographic variables, trauma exposure, social support), not taking the geographic nature of the data into account. After adjusting for significant predictors in the spatial scan statistic, we noted that spatial clusters of PTSS persisted and additional clusters of depression trajectories emerged. This is the first study to show that longitudinal trajectories of postdisaster mental health problems may vary depending on the geographic location and the individual- and community-level factors present at these locations. Such knowledge is crucial to identifying vulnerable regions and populations within them, to provide guidance for early responders, and to mitigate mental health consequences through early detection of mental health needs in the population. As human-made disasters increase, our approach may be useful also in other regions in comparable settings worldwide.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(selenylene vinylene) and Poly(selenylene vinylene)-co-Poly(thienylene vinylene) through Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) Polymerization

We report the synthesis and characterization of poly(3-decylselenylene vinylene) (P3DSV) homopolymers and poly(3-decylselenylene vinylene)-co-poly(3-decylthienylene vinylene) (P3DSV-co-P3DTV) copolymers through acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization techniques. The obtained polymers were fully characterized. P3DSV was found to possess reduced crystallinity and a smaller bandgap of about 1.6 eV, compared with those of poly(3-decylthienylene vinylene) (P3DTV) analogs. P3DSV-co-P3DTV shows electronic properties between those of the corresponding homopolymers and distinctly different from those of simple blends of the two homopolymers. Our methodology provides a new way to control the physical and electronic properties of low bandgap poly(arylene vinylene)s (PAVs).
Filth and healing in Yucatan: Interpreting Ix Hun Ahau, a Maya goddess

This paper analyzes the roles and attributes of the Maya goddess Ix Hun Ahau, the female manifestation of Hun Ahau that appears in the Ritual of the Bacabs. This Colonial Yucatec text is our earliest surviving source for how Maya cosmology provided a framework for healing practices. Although the extant manuscript dates to the late eighteenth century, it is the culmination of centuries of interethnic interaction, including innovations emerging from the intellectual exchange that characterized Mesoamerica during the Late Postclassic period (ca. A.D. 1200–1500). The accoutrements and activities ascribed to this goddess in the incantations identify her as a Maya parallel to Tlazolteotl-Ixcuina, the Nahua goddess of weaving, sexuality, pollution, and its purification. Pollution concepts and purification practices that are otherwise peripheral in the Ritual of the Bacabs are specifically related to Ix Hun Ahau, suggesting that early intellectual exchange between Mesoamerican peoples extended to medical cosmologies as well.
The Ideology of Failed States: Why Intervention Fails

What do we mean when we use the term 'failed states'? This book presents the origins of the term, how it shaped the conceptual framework for international development and security in the post-Cold War era, and why. The book also questions how specific international interventions on both aid and security fronts - greatly varied by actor - based on these outsiders' perceptions of state failure create conditions that fit their characterizations of failed states. Susan L. Woodward offers details of international interventions in peacebuilding, statebuilding, development assistance, and armed conflict by all these specific actors. The book analyzes the failure to re-order the international system after 1991 that the conceptual debate in the early 1990s sought - to the serious detriment of the countries labelled failed or fragile and the concept's packaging of the entire 'third world', despite its growing diversity since the mid-1980s, as one.
Recent Trends in Ovarian Cancer Incidence and Relative Survival in the United States by Race/Ethnicity and Histologic Subtypes

Background: Incidence and survival rates of nonserous epithelial ovarian cancer in racial/ethnic minorities remain relatively unknown in the United States. We examined the trends in incidence and survival rates for epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic subtypes and race/ethnicity.Methods: Ovarian cancer incidence and mortality data from 2000 to 2013 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Age-adjusted incidence rate, incidence rate ratio, and annual percentage changes (APC) were calculated by histology and race/ethnicity subgroups and stratified by age at diagnosis. Five-year relative survival rates were calculated by stage and race/ethnicity.Results: A small but significant decrease in incidence rates was seen in non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), and Hispanic women (APC -1.58, -0.84, and -1.31, respectively), while incidence rates remained relatively stable in Asian women (APC -0.37). With exception of significant increase in the incidence rate of clear cell carcinoma among Asian woman (APC 1.85), an overall trend toward decreasing incidence rates was seen across histologic subtypes and age-strata, although not all results were statistically significant. Compared with NHW women, NHB women experienced poorer 5-year survival at every stage across histologic subtypes, while Hispanic and Asian women had equivalent or better survival.Conclusions: Over the last decade, incidence rates of epithelial ovarian cancer in the United States have decreased or remained stable across race/ethnic and histologic subgroups, except for clear cell carcinoma. Survival remains poorest among NHB women.Impact: Comparative histologic subtype distribution and incidence trends do not explain the ovarian cancer survival disparity disproportionately affecting NHB women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(10); 1511-8. ©2017 AACR.
Reduced Impact of Smoking Status on 30-Day Complication and Readmission Rates After Elective Spinal Fusion (≥3 Levels) for Adult Spine Deformity: A Single Institutional Study of 839 Patients.

Background Smoking status has been shown to affect postoperative outcomes after surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients' smoking status impacts 30-day complication and readmission rates after elective complex spinal fusion (≥3 levels). Methods The medical records of 839 adult spinal deformity patients undergoing elective complex spinal fusion (≥3 levels) at a major academic institution from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed. We identified 124 (14.8%) smokers and 715 (85.2%) nonsmokers. Patient demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and 30-day readmission rates were collected for each patient. The primary outcome investigated in this study was the rate of 30-day postoperative complication and readmission rates. Results Patient demographics and comorbidities were similar between both groups, including age, sex, and body mass index. Median [interquartile] number of fusion levels and operative time were similar between the cohorts (smoker: 5 [4–7] vs. nonsmoker: 5 [4–8], P = 0.58) and (smoker: 309.6 ± 157.9 minutes vs. nonsmoker: 287.5 ± 131.7 minutes, P = 0.16), respectively. Both cohorts had similar postoperative complication rates and lengths of hospital stay. There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission between the cohorts (smoker: 12.9% vs. nonsmoker: 10.8%, P = 0.48). There were no observed differences in 30-day complication rates, including pain ( P = 0.46), UTI ( P = 0.54), hardware failure ( P = 0.36), wound dehiscence ( P = 0.29), and wound drainage ( P = 0.86). Smokers had greater rates of 30-day cellulitis (smoker: 1.6% vs. nonsmoker: 0.3%, P = 0.05) and DVT (smoker: 0.8% vs. nonsmoker: 0.0%, P = 0.02). Conclusions Our study suggests that smoking does not significantly affect 30-day readmission rates after complex spinal surgery requiring ≥3 levels of fusion. Further studies are necessary to corroborate our findings.
AB0143 Immunomodulation followed by quantitative transcriptional profiling to characterize the functional role of the sjÖgren's-associated ncrna ac092580.4

Background Despite concerted efforts to characterize dysregulated transcriptional responses observed in Sjogren9s syndrome and related autoimmune disorders (both in whole blood and target tissues), the functional roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), many of which have been identified as critical players in transcriptional regulation of disease, remain poorly defined. Objectives In the present study, we describe ongoing efforts to functionally characterize the upregulated ncRNA identified by RNA-seq and in silico approaches, AC092580.4 (FC=2.54), which we hypothesize plays a role in T and NK cell responses. Methods To study the immunomodulation of the ncRNA AC092580.4, we carried out a time-course experiment (0–36 hrs) using either PMA/I (500x dil) or universal Type I Interferon. Relative gene expression changes were determined using the Livak method by qPCR using optimized primers for GZMA and AC092580.4 normalized to GAPD. Healthy PBMCs were subjected to stimulation by PHA (1mg/mL; 3 days), PMA/I (500x dil; 3 days), or anti-CD3/CD28 (50uL/1x106cells; 1 day). An average 150-bp RNA-seq reads were generated for each sample; alignment was carried out using STAR (hg38) and comparisions of stimulated vs unstimulated cells were done using DEseq. Pearson9s correlation (r) was calculated for all 3,748 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts to identify transcripts co-expressed with AC092580.4. Results Of the transcripts showing DE in our SS RNA-seq study, we identified 8 as having significantly correlated expression with AC092580.4 in the SSRo- expression matrix (r>0.70 or Conclusions In the present study, we have initiated stimulation studies with to understand the immune relevance of AC092580.4 and co-expressed targets. AC092580.4 shows transcriptional induction by potent inducers of T cell responses (PMA/I, PHA, CD3/CD28) but is downregulated by type I IFN. Transcripts showing co-expressed with AC092580.4 by whole-blood RNA-seq show divergent expression patterns according to the specific stimulus, suggesting a complex regulatory network governing dysregulated T and NK responses. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Calcemic response to burns differs between adults and children: A review of the literature.

Abstract Objectives The calcemic and parathyroid hormone (PTH) responses to severe burn injury appear to differ between children and adults. In our limited studies children exhibited hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism consistent with up-regulation of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) while adults did not, suggesting a developmental cutoff in cytokine-mediated up-regulation of the CaSR. This difference may be clinically important as published studies indicate that extracellular calcium (Ca) may stimulate the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to examine the existing literature on burns to see if the differences between pediatric and adult calcemic and PTH responses to burn supported our findings providing stronger evidence to support this developmental difference. Methods We reviewed the National Library of Medicine database using the terms burns, PTH and ionized calcium and found 9 articles from 8 different medical centers; one was eliminated due to mixing of adults and children. Results There were 245 burn patients reported from the literature, 178 pediatric and 67 adults. The data are mostly consistent with our reported findings. Of the 10 pediatric patients with severe burns that we studied, mean ionized Ca concentration was below the lower limit of normal of 1.10 mM. The 67 adult burn patients reported in the literature had a mean blood ionized Ca concentration that was within the adult normal range or was lower than normal but with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, serum PTH concentrations were uniformly low in the 178 children in the burn literature but normal or mildly elevated in the 67 adults. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that the difference between pediatric and adult victims is consistent with an age-related CaSR response to cytokine stimulation and may be consistent with a lower level of inflammation in children. Ionized Ca and PTH might serve as possible therapeutic targets to lower the inflammatory response in burn victims.
The effect of constraint on post damage in total knee arthroplasty: posterior stabilized vs posterior stabilized constrained inserts.

Abstract Posterior stabilized constrained (PSC) inserts are intended to provide greater varus-valgus and rotational constraint than conventional PS inserts. We determined whether the added constraint resulted in more damage to the post in PSC compared to PS inserts. Retrieved PSC inserts were matched to retrieved PS inserts from the same manufacturer according to patient age, body mass index, and length of implantation. Surface damage was visually assessed, and 3-D surface deviation from pristine was measured. Damage scores for the PSC posts were significantly greater than those of the PS posts. Surface deviation was significantly greater in the posterior and medial post regions of the PSC inserts. Based on short-term follow-up, our results suggest that added constraint is accompanied by greater polyethylene surface damage.
Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Alter β-Damascenone and Other Volatiles in Pinot noir Berries

The aim of this work was to evaluate the volatile composition of grape berries in vines subjected to varying levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) supply. Pinot noir grapevines were grown in a pot-in-pot system for three years and fertigated with varying levels of N, P, or K while holding all other nutrients constant. N was varied from 7.50 mM total N supply (Control) to as low as 1.125 mM total N in five discreet levels, while P and K supply were each varied over four levels, with the lowest rate (0 mM) applied during fertigation events. Free and bound volatiles in berries were determined in each year. Variation in N supply had a greater impact on the volatile composition of berries than did variation in P or K supply. Reducing N supply to vines resulted in lower total (free + bound) β-damascenone and C-6 compounds in berries in all three years, and low K supply resulted in lower total β-damascenone in two of three years. Nutrient supply had a relatively small impact on monoterpenes and other volatile compounds in Pinot noir berries.
World citizenship and good group relations: We are not doomed; It is open to us through our own efforts to give history a new and unprecedented turn

and women of knowledge and good will have gathered together in London from many parts of the world to face their common problems, to share their thoughts, and, perhaps, also to give voice to their hopes and aspirations. We must keep the fact in mind that there can be no mental health, no world citizenship, no good group relations so long as the nations are faced with the brutal futility of war as a method of settling their differences. The prevention of war should be our first and our chief concern. It has been said that the best way to forestall an evil is to strive for the good which is its opposite. A citizen, as I understand it, is a person who owes allegiance to a government and is entitled to its protection. He has a responsibility as well, to develop new forms of government better suited to his needs. There is at present no world government to which we feel we owe allegiance and which can give us protection. The nations are rent by hatred and suspicion of each other and the constant threat of violence. Far from being citizens of a united world, we are still denizens of a divided one. And yet, there is a growing awareness among thinking men and women that if we are to survive we must so develop our existing outworn and inadequate nationalist states that we can become part of a transcendent organization. This may seem a remotely quixotic dream. Actually, it is the only reality. Anything else is an anachronistic nightmare, because in the modern world, competitive sovereign states can no longer guarantee to protect the
Studying the Impact of Parental Involvement on College Student Development: A Review and Agenda for Research

Although parental involvement in higher education has received significant attention on college campuses and by the media, this topic has received scarce consideration in the empirical literature on college student development. The chapter begins with a review of theoretical concepts and methodologies used in research on parental involvement in higher education. Next, the chapter reviews relevant findings from this body of work, both quantitative and qualitative. Finally, the chapter concludes by proposing a research agenda to advance our understanding of the implications of this phenomenon for college students, researchers, and higher education practitioners.
Complex Creations: Designing and Managing Ecosystems

A dragonfly flits over the sun-mirrored surface of a pond, snapping at hatching mosquitoes before coming to rest on an overhanging rush. This is an ecosystem: animals, plants, and their physical environment linked together in the exchange of
Are Community Colleges an Alternative Path for Hispanic Students to Attain a Bachelor's Degree?:

Background/ContextThis study contributes to the longstanding debate over whether community colleges democratize education or divert students from attaining a bachelor's degree.Purpose/Objective/Res...
Which Immigrants Should Be Naturalized? Which Should Be Deported? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Côte d’Ivoire:

Experimental studies on immigration attitudes have been conducted overwhelmingly in Western countries and have focused on immigrant admission and naturalization, neglecting deportation as a possibl...
Evaluating Children’s Interaction with Touchscreens From 0 to 8 Years Old:

Children start using mobile devices at a very young age. In this paper, we review the research done to evaluate children’s capabilities and limitations when interacting with multi-touch screens. Th...
Effect of Autumn and Spring Propagation of Two Taxus Cultivars on Summer Growth Rate

Two cultivars of Taxus media (cvs. Nigra and Densiformis) rooted outdoors in April, produced liners equal or superior to those propagated by conventional methods. The spring propagation method requ...
Transvenous Lead Extraction in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Background ARVC is an increasingly diagnosed cardiomyopathy that often requires device implantation to prevent sudden death. Little is known about TLE in this setting, which has potential challenges and risks, primarily due to right ventricular (RV) wall thinning and fragility. Methods All consecutive patients with ARVC who underwent TLE at our institution between 1996 and 2016 were included. When extraction tools were used, sheaths were advanced to the RV with countertraction at the lead tip. Success and complications were defined in concordance with Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. Results Twenty-two TLE procedures in patients with ARVC involved extraction of 27 leads (22 defibrillators and 5 pacemakers). TLEs were performed due to evidence of lead malfunction (n = 17; 77%) or device infection (n = 5; 23%). Twenty-four leads (89%) were RV, and 3 leads (11%) were right atrial. The median age of the oldest extracted lead was 1,691 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1,168 to 2,726 days). Specialized extraction tools were required in 20 procedures (91%). None required the use of a snare or a femoral workstation. The median procedural and fluoroscopic times were 152 min (IQR: 129 to 185 min) and 11 min (IQR: 6 to 18 min), respectively. Complete procedural success with removal of all leads was achieved in all cases. There were no major complications. Conclusions In a high-volume center, TLE in patients with ARVC was associated with a high success rate and a low rate of complications when guideline-established techniques and tools were used.
Intensity-only inverse scattering with MUSIC

We present a method for inverse scattering that relies on intensity-only measurements of the scattered field on a single measurement plane. By collecting measurements from a suite of experiments in which the sample is illuminated using different incident fields, we create sufficient data diversity to overcome the limitations of the intensity-only measurements. We give an explicit procedure that uses an algebraic relation called the polarization identity to convert intensity measurements of scattered fields to interferometric measurements in which one of the scattered fields serves as the reference. By adjusting the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method for these interferometric data, we effectively recover the location and shapes of multiple objects contained in the imaging region. This method is effective and robust to noise as long as there is sufficiently high data diversity and the fractional volume of the scattering objects is not too high. We present image reconstructions for several three-dimensional examples with simulated data computed using the Method of Fundamental Solutions that demonstrate the effectiveness of this imaging method.
The Art of Designing a Curriculum Optimized for Learning Transfer

As teachers, we all hope that our students will take what they have learned and apply it in other contexts. We also assume, sometimes implicitly, that students bring to our classrooms prior learnin...
Wherever you go, there you become: How mindfulness arises in everyday situations

Abstract In this article, we suggest that mindfulness is not something entirely inherent within people but is partly elicited and shaped by situations. Integrating research on metacognitive practice and self-regulation, we introduce a theoretical framework that explains how mindfulness arises based on capacity for self-regulation as well as three motivational forces: metacognitive beliefs that drive resources into self-regulation, mental fatigue that draws resources away from self-regulation, and situational appraisals that influence how much self-regulation is needed to maintain mindfulness. Across three experience sampling studies that include 558 participants and 9,390 responses, we find that: mindfulness depends less on people’s overall capacity for self-regulation than it does on the metacognitive beliefs that motivate them to allocate their resources, these metacognitive beliefs can compensate for the negative role of mental fatigue, and situations can influence mindfulness both by pulling attention toward tasks (e.g., with challenging tasks) and away from them (e.g., with organizational hindrances). In sum, this article clarifies the understudied antecedents of mindfulness through a theoretical framework and empirical findings.
Intercomparison and Validation of MIRS, MSPPS, and IMS Snow Cover Products

We evaluate the agreement between automated snow products generated from satellite observations in the microwave bands within NESDIS Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MIRS) and Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System (MSPPS), on the one hand, and snow cover maps produced with manual input by the NOAA’s Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS), on the other. MIRS uses physically based retrievals of atmospheric and surface state parameters to provide daily global maps of snow cover and snow water equivalent at 50 km resolution. The older MSPPS delivers daily global maps at the spatial resolution of 45 km and utilizes mostly simple empirical algorithms to retrieve information. IMS daily maps of snow and sea ice cover for the Northern Hemisphere are produced interactively through the analysis of satellite imagery in the visible, infrared, and microwave spectral bands. We compare the performances of these products across the Northern Hemisphere for 2014–2017, using IMS as the standard. In this intercomparison, the daily overall agreement of the automated snow products with IMS ranges between 88% and 99% for MIRS and 87% and 99% for MSPPS. However, daily snow sensitivity is lower, ranging between 36% and 90% for MIRS and 26% and 91% for MSPPS. We analyze this disagreement rate as a function of terrain and land cover type, finding that, relative to IMS, MIRS shows fewer false positives but more false negatives than MSPPS over high elevation and grassland areas.
History of Integrating Genomics in Nursing Research: The Importance of Omics in Symptom Science

The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) supports and conducts clinical and basic research, and research training across the behavioral and biological sciences. NINR has a long history of promoting the integration of omics technologies and methodologies into nursing research, with particular emphasis on symptom science. NINR’s continued efforts with omics approaches in symptom science include expanded training and collaborative research opportunities, as well as multidisciplinary partnerships.
Time-dependent cuttings transport modeling considering the effects of eccentricity, rotation and partial blockage in wellbore annuli

Abstract This paper presents a new cuttings transport model that captures the time-dependent effects of pipe rotation, drillpipe eccentricity and annulus blockage on hole cleaning. By integrating the time-dependent model with well construction data, the level of cuttings deposition along the trajectory of the wellbore can be simulated in real-time. The model recalculates its hole cleaning assessment at every time-step, and can use real-time drilling data at pre-determined time/depth intervals for calibration purposes. The integrated, real-time hole cleaning model was applied to a field case. Field data from an actual stuck pipe event was used to calculate the behavior of the cuttings profile in time along the wellbore. The data show that a high rate of penetration whilst sliding with a directional motor in the near-horizontal section of the well resulted in a significant amount of cuttings buildup around the bottom hole assembly (BHA). Unsurprisingly, the drillstring packed off and became stuck on the final trip out of the hole. Moreover, the casing-hole annulus packed off and caused induced losses while cementing because of the cuttings bed left in the hole. If the proposed time-dependent cuttings transport model had been utilized, these well problems and associated non-productive time (NPT) could have been better predicted and possibly avoided.
Diethylcarbamazine activates TRP channels including TRP-2 in filaria, Brugia malayi.

Diethylcarbamazine is an important classic drug used for prevention and treatment of lymphatic filariasis and loiasis, diseases caused by filarial nematodes. Despite many studies, its site of action has not been established. Until now, the consensus has been that diethylcarbamazine works by activating host immune systems, not by a direct action on the parasites. Here we show that low concentrations of diethylcarbamazine have direct and rapid (<30 s) temporary spastic paralyzing effects on the parasites that lasts around 4 h, which is produced by diethylcarbamazine opening TRP channels in muscle of Brugia malayi involving TRP-2 (TRPC-like channel subunits). GON-2 and CED-11, TRPM-like channel subunits, also contributed to diethylcarbamazine responses. Opening of these TRP channels produces contraction and subsequent activation of calcium-dependent SLO-1K channels. Recovery from the temporary paralysis is consistent with inactivation of TRP channels. Our observations elucidate mechanisms for the rapid onset and short-lasting therapeutic actions of diethylcarbamazine. Verma et al. describe a new mechanism for diethylcarbamazine action, a drug classically used to treat lymphatic filariasis and loiasis. They propose that it induces rapid temporary spastic paralysis of parasites by opening TRP channels, including TRP-2 in muscle of Brugia malayi. Inactivation of TRP channels explain its short-lasting therapeutic activity.
Effects of electric current on the plastic deformation behavior of pure copper, iron, and titanium

Abstract Uniaxial tension tests were performed on pure polycrystalline copper, iron, and titanium specimens with various applied constant (dc) current levels and at matching temperatures, i.e., zero current with temperature histories matched to the current tests. The experiments achieved uniform strain, current density, and temperature conditions along the specimen gage length for unambiguous interpretation of the test data. The results showed non-thermal current effects only with the titanium; 20% reduction in ultimate strength with respect to the strength from the matching temperature tests was observed as well as significant inhomogeneous grain growth. No discernable changes in microstructure were observed in specimens deformed at matching temperatures or with applied current but no deformation (matching temperatures). The electron-wind and local Joule heating mechanisms for electrically-assisted deformation (EAD) do not produce effects large enough to explain the observed titanium results. Dislocation scattering by thermal phonons and electrons associated with the radial and axial heat fluxes generated in the titanium tensile specimens with bulk Joule heating is suggested as a potential mechanism for the observed EAD effects. The experimental results and the possible link to thermal phonon/electron scattering suggests several new avenues of research for understanding EAD of metals.
Abstract 20: Patterns of Stroke Center Certification and the Impact on Stroke Mortality in Counties of New York State

Introduction: To establish a statewide stroke system in March 2019, New York State (NYS) created the Stroke Designation Program. Stroke centers (SCs) must be certified by a state-approved certifyin...
Monoclonal Antibodies to Intermediate Filament Proteins

Surgical pathologists base diagnoses upon characteristic features of neoplasms such as gland formation, papillary structures, and the spindle shape of tumor cells. Tumors without obvious differentiated features pose diagnostic problems because they lack the features that allow an accurate identification of tumor type. In such situations, one depends upon ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy or relatively nonspecific histochemical stains to gain a clue as to the identity of the neoplasm. Clearly, what has been lacking in diagnostic pathology is a set of well-characterized tissue-specific reagents capable of distinguishing among different cells. Recently, anti-intermediate filament protein antibodies have been employed to distinguish cell type in poorly differentiated neoplasms.
Acute encephalopathy with liver dysfunction, chylous ascites and cytomegalovirus infection.

A child with acute encephalopathy and liver dysfunction subsequently developed acute chylous ascites. Titers for cytomegalovirus increased from less than 1 : 2 to 1 : 32 during the illness, and cytomegalovirus was isolated from the urine. This case is the first one possibly linking cytomegalovirus with acute encephalopathy and liver dysfunction in a child. In our patient, enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes, as seen on a lymphangiogram, resulted in a severe obstruction of abdominal lymphatic flow, producing a transudation of lymph into the peritoneal cavity. The acute chylous ascites associated with mesenteric lymphadenitis was likely caused by the cytomegalovirus infection.