cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating a model of the dynamics of socio-technical groups

Individuals participating in technologically mediated forms of organization often have difficulty recognizing when groups emerge, and how the groups they take part in evolve. This paper contributes an analytical framework that improves awareness of these virtual group dynamics through analysis of electronic trace data from tasks and interactions carried out by individuals in systems not explicitly designed for context adaptivity, user modeling or user personalization. We discuss two distinct cases to which we have applied our analytical framework. These two cases provide a useful contrast of two prevalent ways for analyzing social relations starting from electronic trace data: either artifact-mediated or direct person-to-person interactions. Our case study integrates electronic trace data analysis with analysis of other, triangulating data specific to each application. We show how our techniques fit in a general model of group informatics, which can serve to construct group context, and be leveraged by future tool development aimed at augmenting context adaptivity with group context and a social dimension. We describe our methods, data management strategies and technical architecture to support the analysis of individual user task context, increased awareness of group membership, and an integrated view of social, information and coordination contexts.
Bioética e Direito: novas realidades, novos olhares

O presente artigo busca lancar novos olhares a realidade contextual do mundo juridico a luz da Bioetica, aproximando o compasso entre a ciencia e o Direito e tambem outras areas do conhecimento, com vistas a constante construcao de uma sociedade cujas leis estejam a altura das intensas transformacoes ocorridas no seio do multiculturalismo que permeia a era biotecnologica vivenciada pela sociedade brasileira. Assim, objetivamos contribuir para a construcao de uma pratica juridica reflexiva voltada as necessidades, aos conflitos e aos problemas da vida humana, cuja complexidade apresenta novos desafios ao Direito.
Exactly soluble models

In one form or another, practically all exactly soluble models are one dimensional. Even the two-dimensional Ising model owes its solvability to the fact that it can be reduced to a one-dimensional problem. Rather than deal with a number of unrelated models, which have been catalogued,1 we will treat one family of models which is at the frontier of the subject at present. These models have solutions which have been recently explored and in turn promise even further solutions. In order to give some background we will first deal with the Heisenberg chain. This is connected with the two-dimensional Ising model (first solved by Onsager in 1944) which is in turn related to three other models which will be discussed, namely: Ice, F, and KDP.
Update on Recently Approved Treatments for Hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects millions of individuals and is a significant cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Early treatment regimens relied on an immune-mediated response caused by interferon and only recently have medications acting directly on viral structures been discovered. In December 2013, two new medications, sofosbuvir and simeprevir, were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C. This article reviews the approved treatment protocols for these two new medications and the clinical trials that fueled their development.
Mosquito Vectors of West Nile Virus During an Epizootic Outbreak in Puerto Rico

The purpose of this investigation was to identify the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors of West Nile virus (WNV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) during an epizootic WNV outbreak in eastern Puerto Rico in 2007. In June 2006, 12 sentinel chicken pens with five chickens per pen were deployed in six types of habitats: herbaceous wetlands, mangrove forests, deciduous forests, evergreen forests, rural areas, and urban areas. Once WNV seroconversion in chickens was detected in June 2007, we began trapping mosquitoes using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature (light/CO2-baited) traps, CMT-20 collapsible mosquito (CO2- and ISCA SkinLure-baited) traps, and CDC gravid (hay infusion-baited) traps. We placed the CDC miniature traps both 2–4 m and >30 m from the chicken pens, the collapsible traps 2–4 m from the pens, and the gravid traps in backyards of houses with sentinel chicken pens and in a wetland adjacent to an urban area. We found numerous blood-engorged mosquitoes in the traps nearest to the sentinel chickens and reasoned that any such mosquitoes with a disseminated WNV infection likely served as vectors for the transmission of WNV to the sentinels. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and isolation (C636) on pools of heads, thoraxes/abdomens, and legs of collected blood-engorged mosquitoes to determine whether the mosquitoes carried WNV. We detected WNV-disseminated infections in and obtained WNV isolates from Culex nigripalpus Theo (minimum infection rate [MIR] 1.1–9.7/1,000), Culex bahamensis Dyar and Knab (MIR 1.8–6.0/1,000), and Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wied.) (MIR 0.34–0.36/1,000). WNV was also identified in and isolated from the pool of thoraxes and abdomens of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (4.17/1,000) and identified in one pool of thoraxes and abdomens of Culex habilitator Dyar and Knab (13.39/1,000). Accumulated evidence since 2002 suggests that WNV has not become endemic in Puerto Rico.
Myocardial expression of a constitutively active alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor in transgenic mice induces cardiac hypertrophy.

Abstract Transgenic mice were generated by using the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter coupled to the coding sequence of a constitutively active mutant alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor (AR). These transgenic animals demonstrated cardiac-specific expression of this alpha 1-AR with resultant activation of phospholipase C as shown by increased myocardial diacylglycerol content. A phenotype consistent with cardiac hypertrophy developed in adult transgenic mice with increased heart/body weight ratios, myocyte cross-sectional areas, and ventricular atrial natriuretic factor mRNA levels relative to nontransgenic controls. These transgenic animals may provide insight into the biochemical triggers that induce hypertrophy in cardiac disease and serve as a convenient experimental model for studies of this condition.
The interplay of central and peripheral factors in irreversible hemorrhagic shock.

M ANY disease states, particularly those involving acute and extensive injury or sepsis are characterized by a gradual erosion of the circulation which then becomes self-sustaining and culminates in a complete collapse. The syndrome passes through an intermediate state in which the circulation is compromised to the extent that tissue perfusion in all parts of the body is barely marginal. It becomes evident with time despite extensive compensatory readjustments that a further exacerbation of the condition is taking place and if the condition is not relieved, fatal collapse occurs. An additional characteristic is that with time the circulatory insufficiency becomes increasingly refractory to treatment and in the experimental literature the term “irreversible shock” has been applied to the condition where replacement of the blood which was withdrawn is no longer an effective restorative measure. Although the clinical symptoms are striking, the cause of the unremitting deterioration of the circulation is not apparent. As far back as World War 1, shock was believed to reflect some type of toxemia with a direct action on the blood vessels, or on their regulation by neurogenic and hormonal factors. A major advance was the recognition that these forms of circulatory collapse involved a substantial reduction in circulating blood volume, either as an early inciting factor (e.g., hemorrhage), or secondarily as a consequence of a slow but continuous extravascular loss of fluid. Where hemorrhage was the obvious cause of the circulatory insufficiency, other contributary factors were shown to exacerbate the syndrome. The term “peripheral circulatory failure” was used extensively because it was generally conceded that the source of the problem appears to be not in central organs, such as the heart or brain, but in
Genome-wide analysis of iron-dependent growth reveals a novel yeast gene required for vacuolar acidification.

We conducted a genome-wide screen in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 4,792 homozygous diploid deletions to identify genes that function in iron metabolism. Strains unable to grow on iron-restricted medium contained deletions of genes that encode the structural components of the high affinity iron transport system (FET3, FTR1), the iron-sensing transcription factor AFT1 or genes required for the assembly of the transport system. We also identified genes that were not previously known to play a role in iron metabolism. Deletion of the gene CWH36 resulted in a severe growth defect on iron-limited medium, as well as increased sensitivity to Congo red and calcofluor white. Iron transport studies demonstrated that Δcwh36 cells have an inability to copper load apoFet3p. Furthermore, Δcwh36 cells demonstrated additional phenotypes including distorted vacuole morphology and altered kinetics of FM4-64 trafficking. We show that Δcwh36 cells have a defect in vacuolar acidification through the use of the pH-sensitive dye LysoSensor Green DND-189. In Δcwh36 cells, the vacuolar H+-ATPase is not assembled and there are reduced levels of at least one subunit of the V0 complex. The open reading frame responsible for the Δcwh36 phenotypes is YCL005W-A. This gene contains two introns, has homologues in other Saccharomyces strains, and shows weak homology to a component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase found in organisms as diverse as insect and cow.
Dyanmic compartmental models for separation processes

A low-order modeling technique for separation processes is developed by considering a staged column as a compartment system in which a number of stage are lumped to form an equivalent stage. This method leads to low-order models of separation processes directly and without linearization. Moreover, the resulting models have state variables and parameters that are physically significant. In contrast to alternative model reduction methods, compartmental analysis guarantees preservation of both material balances and steady states for arbitrary changes in the input variables. A comparison of compartmental analysis to a recently proposed technique based on orthogonal collocation, both methods incorporating an equimolal overflow assumption, shows the efficiency and robustness of the compartmental method.
Survival in oral cavity minor salivary gland carcinoma

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and comparative survival for minor salivary gland cancer of the oral cavity.Study Design: Historical cohort study.Setting: Academic medical center.Subjects a...
Evidence that T-lymphocytes are part of the blood-brain barrier to virus dissemination.

Abstract The dissemination of a neurovirulent strain of influenza A/WSN (HONI) virus from infected lungs to brains of thymus-deficient nude and immunocompetant furred mice inoculated intranasally was compared. Nude mice were more susceptible to lethal disease following intranasal (i.n.) inoculation with A/WSN virus than furred mice based on the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus required to constitute a median lethal dose (LD 50 ). In normal mice, virus was cleared from the lungs of survivors and dissemination of virus from lung to brain was detected only rarely. NUde mice, in contrast, had frequent and early deaths with significant brain virus titers and histologic evidence of encephalitis. Adoptive immunization of recipient nude mice with suspensions of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes secondarily stimulated in vitro 24 h after i.n. challenge, reduce both brain virus titers and mortality in these animals. These data indicated that T-lymphocytes were a significant factor in preventing dissemination of neurotropic virus from lungs to the brains of infected mice.
Mass spectrometric charting of neuropeptides in arthropod neurons.

The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons that use a wide array of neurotransmitters to communicate through trillions of synapses. Neuropeptides make up the largest and the most diverse class of signaling molecules used in nervous system communication. Because these polypeptides are crucial to the regulation of nearly all physiological processes, it is of great interest to characterize this diverse assortment of molecules and to determine what effects they elicit on neural circuitry. Due to the overwhelming complexity of mammalian nervous systems, simpler model organisms are often used to study basic principles of neuronal function. Because arthropod nervous systems contain a manageable number of neurons, many of which exhibit consistent morphological and physiological properties between animals, these organisms provide excellent model systems for investigating neuromodulation in well-defined networks. Furthermore, these organisms contain a rich repertoire of neuropeptides, which are categorized into super families of structurally related isoforms. Although not intended to be comprehensive, Table 1 highlights a few examples of these families seen in arthropods. Some of these peptide families, such as RFamides, tachykinin-related peptides and kinins, are also present in mammals.
Fibrinogen levels in women having coronary angiography

Abstract Fibrinogen has emerged as a risk factor for coronary artery disease in men that equals cholesterol in importance. It is known to play an important role in reparative processes, and evidence is accumulating that h'brinogen/fibrin accumulates at the site of minimal vascular injury. Fibrinogen contributes significantly to blood viscosity and its adherence to endothelium may mediate progression of atheromatous lesions. This study was designed to examine a number of markers of risk in a consecutive series of cardiology patients undergoing coronary catheterizations over a 15-month period. This article examines the level of fibrinogen in relation to the number of reported coronary stenoses and disease severity in a series of Caucasian female patients (n = 101). Women were classified as diseased if they had at least 1 lesion ≥25% in the coronary anatomy and nondiseased if they had no lesions ≥25%. The number of reported lesions correlates significantly with fibrinogen levels (r = 0.36, p = 0.0002). Women with fibrinogen levels ≥283 mg/dl had a 3.2-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 9.1) of having at least 1 stenosis ≥25% after adjusting for age and diabetic status. Smoking and body mass index did not differ by disease status and thus did not confound the finding. Mean fibrinogen levels showed a progressive positive association with increasing clinically defined vessel involvement (stenosis ≥50%).
Actinides and their heavy electrons

Abstract The basic properties of heavy electron metals are reviewed. New experimental results that probe the nature of the superconducting ground state and the itineracy of the 5f electrons are discussed.
Coupled Mutagenesis Screens and Genetic Mapping in Zebrafish

Forward genetic analysis is one of the principal advantages of the zebrafish model system. However, managing zebrafish mutant lines derived from mutagenesis screens and mapping the corresponding mutations and integrating them into the larger collection of mutations remain arduous tasks. To simplify and focus these endeavors, we developed an approach that facilitates the rapid mapping of new zebrafish mutations as they are generated through mutagenesis screens. We selected a minimal panel of 149 simple sequence length polymorphism markers for a first-pass genome scan in crosses involving C32 and SJD inbred lines. We also conducted a small chemical mutagenesis screen that identified several new mutations affecting zebrafish embryonic melanocyte development. Using our first-pass marker panel in bulked-segregant analysis, we were able to identify the genetic map positions of these mutations as they were isolated in our screen. Rapid mapping of the mutations facilitated stock management, helped direct allelism tests, and should accelerate identification of the affected genes. These results demonstrate the efficacy of coupling mutagenesis screens with genetic mapping.
Timing analyzer for embedded testing

A 20 channel timing analyzer was designed in CMOS for embedded testing applications. The chip executes independent events in each of the channels at rates of 100 MHz, with a precision of 312.5 ps. The chip automatically adjusts for clock rates from 10 to 100 MHz and temperature/process variations, and can be calibrated to compensate for clock skew. >
"The force be with you": ATP in gut mechanosensory transduction.

Nucleotides such as ATP and UTP are everywhere. They play a key role in transducing mechanosensory signals via P2Y receptors in the large intestine or colon, leading to secretion of the sensory mediator 5-HT, and act as autocrine, paracrine, or neurocrine mediators in neural reflexes regulating chloride secretion.
An Eye on Repair

Injury to the cornea often leads to corneal fibrosis and scarring resulting in loss of corneal transparency and blindness. Furthermore, current approaches to surgically correct refractive errors, including radial keratotomy (RK), and excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) cause damage to the cornea leading to corneal haze and reduced visual acuity. Past studies show that myofibroblasts play a critical role in both the development of wound fibrosis and corneal haze. Myofibroblasts migrate into corneal wounds and establish an interconnected and interwoven contractile network that is necessary for wound contraction, the principal cause of regression following RK. Failure of myofibroblasts to populate the wound results in marked wound gape, mechanical instability and progressive hyperopic refractive changes. Myofibroblasts appearing after PRK also produce marked scattering of light that contributes significantly to corneal haze. In cell culture, myofibroblast differentiate from quiescent stromal cells (keratocytes) after treatment with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Furthermore, treatment of corneal wounds with neutralizing antibodies to TGF-β blocks wound fibrosis and corneal haze after PRK. Recent studies have shown that the differentiation of keratocytes to myofibroblasts involves a synergistic signalling cascade involving integrins, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and TGF-β. These new findings suggest novel therapeutic strategies to modulate myofibroblast differentiation and control corneal wound fibrosis and eliminating corneal haze.
Effectiveness and tolerability of adding ezetimibe to niacin-based regimens for treatment of primary hyperlipidemia.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and tolerability of adding ezetimibe, 10 mg daily, to niacin-based regimens for dyslipidemia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 53 patients in 2 lipid clinics who received ezetimibe as add-on therapy to stable doses of niacin and other lipid medications. Mean percentage changes of lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. Safety and tolerability measures included adverse events, serum hepatic transaminases, and hemoglobin A1c (in patients with diabetes). RESULTS Most study subjects (81%) had established atherosclerotic disease. The niacin formulation was extended-release in 31 patients (58%), immediate-release in 17 (32%), and slow-release in 5 (9%). Most patients (75%) were also taking a statin. Add-on ezetimibe therapy yielded mean reductions of 18% for total cholesterol (P<0.001), 25% for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.001), and 17% for triglycerides (P<0.001). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change significantly (+2%). Only 7 patients (13%) met Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) LDL cholesterol goals before the addition of ezetimibe, but 24 (45%; P<0.001 compared with baseline) attained these goals after addition of ezetimibe to the therapeutic regimen. Ezetimibe effectiveness did not correlate with the baseline dose of niacin or the dose/efficacy of the statin used. The addition of ezetimibe to niacin-based therapy for dyslipidemia was well tolerated. No patient had clinically significant elevations in hepatic enzyme or hemoglobin A1c levels or discontinued the ezetimibe therapy permanently. CONCLUSION In our study, the addition of ezetimibe to niacin-based regimens lowered the LDL cholesterol level by 25% and did not change the level of HDL cholesterol. This combination can be useful in multidrug regimens for high-risk patients with dyslipidemia who are not achieving ATP III treatment goals.
Differential Field Responses of the Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger), to Alarm Pheromone Enantiomers

The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is an invasive ant with negative impacts on both biodiversity and agriculture throughout the tropics and subtropics. Field experiments were conducted in order to elucidate the relative attractiveness of the enantiomers of the alarm pheromones, 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine and 3-methyl-2-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine. The enantiomers tested were synthesized from commercially available (S)-2-methylbutan-1-ol or kinetically resolved (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol, prepared using Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL). Bioassays conducted in a macadamia orchard on the island of Hawaii demonstrated that W. auropunctata were preferentially attracted to the (S)-enantiomers of both alkyl pyrazines over the racemic mixtures in all experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of differential attraction of ants to the enantiomers of chiral pyrazine pheromones despite many examples of these compounds in the literature. In addition, using a chiral column it was determined that (S)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine and (S)-3-methyl-2-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine are the only enantiomers produced by W. auropunctata.
NCMOS: a high performance CMOS logic

CMOS has been the mainstay technology for VLSI design for the last several years. However, recently, BiCMOS technology has been proposed for speed critical applications. In this paper we propose a new circuit structure called NCMOS, which employs a low Vt NMOS transistor in place of the bipolar transistor, and provides significantly higher speed than a conventional CMOS design. This is realized at the cost of only one extra masking step, compared to 4-5 extra masks for a full BiCMOS process. >
Evaluation of a 7-Day Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Decitabine: Inhibition of Promoter-Specific and Global Genomic DNA Methylation

Purpose The nucleoside analog 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR, decitabine) is a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation in vitro. Cellular treatment with this agent induces the re-expression of methylation-silenced genes. It remains unclear to what extent this compound inhibits DNA methylation in vivo. A clinical study was designed to examine the molecular effects and toxicity of a continuous 1-week intravenous infusion of decitabine in solid tumor patients. Methods Ten patients with refractory solid tumors were included in this study. Decitabine was administered at 2 mg/m2/d via continuous infusion for 168 hours. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high performance liquid chromatography were utilized to measure promoter-specific and global DNA methylation in peripheral-blood cells before and after treatment. Results Transient grade III/IV neutropenia (two patients) and grade II thrombocytopenia (one patient) was observed at the lowest planned dose step (2 mg/m2/d for 7 days). Nonhematologic toxiciti...
Adjustment Problems of Mildly Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Students

This study examined the adjustment problems of 360 students identified as educable mentally retarded, behaviorally disordered, or learning disabled, or not identified as handicapped. In each of these four groups there were students of both sexes and of three age levels (elementary, middle-school, senior high). Teachers completed a Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay & Peterson, 1975) on each of the subjects, enabling the investigators to compute and examine the four dimensions (subscales) of adjustment problem associated with this rating scale. Results showed that, as expected, behaviorally disordered students generally displayed more adjustment problems than the other groups, although for certain age and sex subgroups, behaviorally disordered and learning disabled students did not differ. All handicapped groups had more problems than the nonhandicapped group on at least one dimension of adjustment problem. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for personnel preparation, additional research, and ap...
Enhancing Innovation through Virtual Proximity

Ever since Samuel Morse tapped out “What hath God wrought?” on his telegraph to send the first electronic message (Howe, 2007; tinyurl.com/m8n724a), and with the release of every information communications technology since, there have been pundits who have proclaimed the "death of distance"(e.g., Bowersox and Calantone, 1998: tinyurl.com/m5rkxx2; Cairncross, 1997: tinyurl.com/m7sqhsc; Evans and Harrigan, 2005: tinyurl.com/ ld2xjnu). But, to paraphrase another nineteenth century luminary, Mark Twain (tinyurl.com/57mptu), the reports of its death have been greatly exaggerated. Distance is still alive and well and creating havoc for those of us who practice or study innovation.
Immediate Herpetofaunal Responses to Prescribed Burning in Wetlands of Southeastern Michigan

Prescribed fire is an increasingly common and effective management tool for ecological restoration of wetlands in the US Midwest. Prescribed fire is reported to have adverse effects on sensitive wetland fauna such as reptiles and amphibians, but surprisingly few empirical data are available to support management recommendations meant to protect herpetofauna from prescribed burning. We examined the effects of prescribed fires one day and one month after burning in eight wetlands across two wetland types in southeastern Michigan using abundance, species richness, and diversity of herpetofauna as metrics. Most amphibian communities returned to pre-burn levels of the three metrics by one month after the burn; reptile communities appeared to be more negatively affected by prescribed fire although sample sizes were extremely low. Response of individual species to burning was more variable; two previously detected amphibians and four previously detected reptiles were not detected by the end of the project, suggesting that some herpetofauna may respond negatively to fire while the most common species are unaffected. Only one individual of the 126 herpetofauna located in this study apparently experienced direct mortality after fire. We noted differences in species richness and diversity between wetland types that were probably attributable to differences in these metrics prior to burning. Although in some cases amphibian communities experienced few or only short-lived negative impacts of fire, we caution that fire effects are likely to be species-specific, such that prescribed burns should always be planned thoughtfully from this perspective.
War and Self-Defense

When the Bush and Blair administrations justified the 2003 war on Iraq as an act of preemptive self-defense, this was greeted in many quarters with understandable skepticism. How can the right of self-defense be legitimately invoked when no prior aggressive attack has occurred and there is no evidence that one is imminent? This question, much debated in the months leading up to the war, invites us to reflect critically on the content of the right of self-defense. Yet there is a deeper question to be asked about the idea of a war of self-defense; namely, how is it that war can be considered an act of self-defense at all? How exactly is it that the concept of self-defense can provide a justification for war? It is this question that I ask in War and Self-Defense and the answer I arrive at is a surprising one.
Gold recovery from high-arsenic-containing ores at Newmont´s roasters

The Newmont roasting plant in Carlin, Nevada, commenced operating in December 1994. Over the years, refractory ores and pyrite concentrates from different gold deposits constituted the feed to the facilities. Historical plant performance indicated that the roasting temperature was the main variable affecting the structural characteristics of the calcine, which in turn affected the recovery of gold by cyanidation. Gold recovery as a function of roaster temperature has been closely monitored since October 2000. The original design temperature was 550° C. Lower roaster temperatures of around 500° C resulted in a gold recovery increase of more than six percent. This increase was directly related to an increase of the surface area of the calcine. The implementation of an “intelligent” process control system helped significantly in achieving steady low roasting temperatures, thus obtaining high gold recoveries of 92 to 93 percent. Under these conditions, several roasting campaigns with high-arsenic-containing ores were conducted, which resulted in a significant decrease in gold recovery. The reduced gold recovery was caused by the loss of surface area (e.g., porosity) of the calcine as the arsenic content of the roaster feed increased.
Manpower Needs in the Year 2000: Medical Technology Education

John Snyder, PhD, MT(ASCP)SH, is Dean and Professor at the School of Allied Health Sciences and Associate Dean at the Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, Ind. His contributions to fostering medical laboratory education are many, and he is a much sought after lecturer. Dr Snyder serves as vice chairman of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists Board of Registry Board of Governors and was a member of the planning and program committees for the Colorado Springs III Conference. In addition to coauthoring the management textbook Administration and Supervision in Laboratory Medicine , he has published numerous articles, abstracts, and teaching materials.
Clinical observation of postoperative short-term cognitive function in elder orthopaedic patients by using general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia

Objective: To investigate and analyze the impact of general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia for postoperative short-term cognitive function in elder orthopaedic patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis in 182 cases of postoperative short-term cognitive function in elder orthopaedic patients were divided into two groups according to the method of anesthesia from Sep 2012 to May 2013 in our hospital. General anesthesia group(91 cases) were induced tracheal intubation in which patients were mechanical ventilation of anesthesia ventilator unicom after successfully completing tracheal intubation. Epidural anesthesia group(91 cases) were given lumbar epidural catheterization and given drugs. Cognitive function in patients were assess by Mini-mental status detection(MMSE)scale before induction of anesthesia, anesthesia 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h in two groups. Results: Before induction of anesthesia,anesthesia 24h, 48h cognitive function score had no significant difference in two groups(P 0.05),anesthesia 6h,12h cognitive function scores were significantly lower in general anesthesia group than that in the epidural anesthesia group in which there was statistically significant in two groups(P0.05). Conclusion: Compared with general anesthesia,epidural anesthetic has less medication and less impact on short-term cognitive function,which can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients.
Thyroid hormone induction of Na+-K+-ATPase and its mRNAs in a rat liver cell line

The expression of mRNAs encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (Na(+)-K+ pump) was examined in a rat liver cell line, Clone 9, in various thyroidal states. Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from cells incubated in hypothyroid serum-containing medium revealed the expression of mRNAs encoding Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 1-(mRNA alpha 1) and beta- (mRNA beta) subunits; mRNAs encoding the alpha 2- and alpha 3-subunits were undetectable. There was a discrepancy in the abundance of mRNA alpha 1 relative to mRNA beta such that mRNA alpha 1 exceeded the sum of the multiple mRNA beta bands by approximately 35-fold. 3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3) produced a coordinate augmentation of mRNA alpha 1 and mRNA beta contents that was demonstrable within 2 h and preceded the stimulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. After incubation of cells with T3 for 48 h, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was stimulated by 1.32-fold, whereas mRNA alpha 1 and mRNA beta abundances were increased 1.46- and 2.87-fold, respectively. Treatment of cells for 6 h with 10 micrograms/ml cycloheximide, a concentration sufficient to inhibit protein synthesis by 95%, elicited a 3.5- and 5.1-fold increase in mRNA alpha 1 and mRNA beta content, respectively. Cycloheximide abrogated the stimulatory effect of T3 on mRNA beta abundance, whereas the T3-induced increase in mRNA alpha 1 content was not prevented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute and Protracted Cell Death in Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in the Canine Model of Rhodopsin Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose To characterize a light damage paradigm and establish structural and immunocytochemical measures of acute and protracted light-induced retinal degeneration in the rhodopsin (RHO) T4R dog model of RHO-autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). Methods Retinal light damage was induced in mutant dogs with a 1-minute exposure to various light intensities (0.1-1.0 mW/cm2) delivered with a Ganzfeld stimulator, or by fundus photography. Photoreceptor cell death was assessed by TUNEL assay, and alterations in retinal layers were examined by histology and immunohistochemistry 24 hours and 2 weeks after light exposure. Detailed topographic maps were made to document changes in the outer retinal layers of all four retinal quadrants 2 weeks post exposure. Results Twenty-four hours post light exposure, the severity of photoreceptor cell death was dose dependent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed disruption of rod outer segments, focal loss of the RPE integrity, and an increase in expression of endothelin receptor B in Muller cells with the two highest doses of light and fundus photography. Two weeks after light exposure, persistence of photoreceptor death, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and induction of Muller cell gliosis occurred with the highest doses of light. Conclusions We have characterized outcome measures of acute and continuing retinal degeneration in the RHO T4R dog following light exposure. These will be used to assess the molecular mechanisms of light-induced damage and rescue strategies in this large animal model of RHO-ADRP.
Photopolymerization kinetics in and of self-assembling lyotropic liquid crystal templates

Photopolymerization in and of lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) template phases shows great promise for generating nanostructure in organic polymers. Interestingly, the order imposed on the polymerization system in LLCs significantly alters polymerization kinetics. The rate of polymerization of hydrophilic monomers increases with increasing LLC order, primarily due to monomer/polymer association with surfactant and the resulting decrease of growing polymer chain diffusion. Conversely, as LLC order increases, hydrophobic monomers become less segregated as nonpolar volume increases, which decreases polymerization rate. The efficiency of initiators is also dependent on LLC template order, further contributing to polymerization rate changes. When reactive surfactants are used, LLC mesophase, location of reactive group, and aliphatic tail length also affect polymerization kinetics. Overall, these photopolymerization kinetics directly relate to the segregation behavior and local order of reactive groups and thus can be used to probe nanostructure evolution, facilitating understanding and control of ultimate polymer nanostructure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017
Latino Immigrant Health In The Us: A Growing Field Amidst Unraveling Challenges

This article reflects on the most salient aspects of the Latino community of Langley Park, Maryland. It underscores the diversity of origins of this Latino enclave and discusses the relevant issues that affect their health and well-being. The article evaluates the significance of methodologies such as the life-course perspective and personal narratives as useful tools to approach immigration phenomena. Finally, the author makes a critical assessment of the theoretical and empirical contributions of the articles contained in the present issue.
A Systematic Review of Teen Court Evaluation Studies: A Focus on Evaluation Design Characteristics and Program Components and Processes

Teen Court is a restorative justice program serving non-chronic juvenile offenders. A number of Teen Court evaluation studies exist, however, considerable heterogeneity across Teen Court programs suggests the need to more closely examine the program components (i.e., elements of Teen Court such as sanctions) and processes (i.e., how Teen Court operates such as referral sources and participation criteria) of these existing evaluation studies. The aim of the current systematic review was to provide a comprehensive review of existing Teen Court evaluation studies by synthesizing (1) evaluation design characteristics and (2) program components and processes. Using AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) guidelines, the authors used identical key words to search 12 databases for relevant articles, book chapters, dissertations, and theses. Pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to evaluate each document; 46 articles reporting results from 35 studies were included in the review. Program participation criteria and referral sources varied considerably across studies. Twenty studies included a comparison group and only two used random assignment. Most studies reported recidivism rates, however the definition and measurement of recidivism were inconsistent across studies. Distinct differences in participation criteria and referral sources across programs suggested that some programs serve youth who would otherwise be served by the juvenile justice system whereas other programs serve youth who would otherwise face school disciplinary measures. Rigorous research on Teen Court is minimal and additional studies using strong study designs are needed in order to draw confident conclusions about the impact of Teen Court. Terminology for distinguishing between Teen Court programs based on participation and referral criteria and standards for assessing recidivism are offered.
A generalized Hodge-Tate conjecture for algebraic varieties with totally degenerate reduction over p-adic fields

We consider varieties over p-adic fields with totally degenerate reduction (definition recalled below) and we formulate conjectures for such varieties that are similar to those of Hodge (resp. Tate) for varieties over the complex numbers (resp. for varieties over an absolutely finitely generated field). These conjectures appear to be more approachable than those of Hodge and Tate and we indicate some progress in proving them in the case of divisors. This allows us to prove the usual Tate conjecture for divisors in some cases.
Transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: an updated meta-analysis of observational data.

Background The number of observational studies that report an association between packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has increased. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between PRBC transfusions and NEC in observational studies. Methods Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases as well as the Pediatrics Academic Societies abstract archives were systematically searched to identify observational studies that investigated the association between PRBC transfusions and NEC. Key search terms included premature infant, blood transfusion and necrotizing enterocolitis. The generic inverse variance method with a random-effects model was used to meta-analyze selected studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A meta-analysis of 17 observational studies that reported the association between PRBC transfusions and NEC was performed. The meta-analysis revealed no evidence of an association between PRBC transfusions and a higher risk of NEC (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.53-1.71; P=0.88). The effect estimates that suggested an association between PRBC transfusion and NEC in matched case-control studies (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.58-2.47; P=0.63) differed from those reported in cohort studies (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.34-0.75; P= Conclusions This updated meta-analysis of predominantly low-to-moderate quality observational studies suggests that there is no significant association between PRBC transfusions and NEC. A higher quality of evidence on this topic is needed.
Bennett Fractures: A Biomechanical Model and Relevant Ligamentous Anatomy.

Purpose This study examined a palmar beak fracture model to determine which thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint ligament is the primary ligament relevant to the pattern of injury. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric wrists were used. The radius, ulna, and first metacarpal were secured and tested with a materials testing system, holding the wrist in 20° extension, 20° ulnar deviation, and 30° palmar abduction of the first metacarpal. Testing consisted of preconditioning cycles followed by compressive loading at 100 mm/s. We confirmed fractures with fluoroscopy and dissected the specimens to examine the CMC joint ligaments. The metacarpal was stressed through a range of motion to determine which maneuvers reduced or displaced the fractures. Results Our model successfully created palmar beak fractures in all cadaveric specimens. All fractures were displaced and intra-articular. The anterior oblique ligament (AOL) was thin and partially attached to the palmar beak fracture fragment. The ulnar collateral ligament was attached in its entirety to the fracture fragment and represented a thicker, more robust ligament compared with the AOL. Radial abduction and pronation of the metacarpal reduced fracture displacement. Extension of the CMC joint or tensioning the AOL did not decrease fracture displacement. Conclusions This model successfully created a reproducible and clinically relevant palmar beak fracture in a biomechanical setting. The primary ligament attached to the palmar beak fracture fragment was the ulnar collateral ligament, and not the AOL as previously described. These findings suggest that the AOL may not be a substantial contributor to palmar beak fracture morphology. Clinical relevance A refined description of the ligamentous anatomy of the palmar break fracture enhances opportunities for improved reduction and treatment of this common hand injury.
High-temperature magnetic blocking and magneto-structural correlations in a series of dysprosium(III) metallocenium single-molecule magnets

A series of dysprosium(III) metallocenium salts, [Dy(CpiPr4R)2][B(C6F5)4] (R = H (1), Me (2), Et (3), iPr (4)), was synthesized by reaction of DyI3 with the corresponding known NaCpiPr4R (R = H, iPr) and novel NaCpiPr4R (R = Me, Et) salts at high temperature, followed by iodide abstraction with [H(SiEt3)2][B(C6F5)4]. Variation of the substituents in this series results in substantial changes in molecular structure, with more sterically-encumbering cyclopentadienyl ligands promoting longer Dy–C distances and larger Cp–Dy–Cp angles. Dc and ac magnetic susceptibility data reveal that these structural changes have a considerable impact on the magnetic relaxation behavior and operating temperature of each compound. In particular, the magnetic relaxation barrier increases as the Dy–C distance decreases and the Cp–Dy–Cp angle increases. An overall 45 K increase in the magnetic blocking temperature is observed across the series, with compounds 2–4 exhibiting the highest 100 s blocking temperatures yet reported for a single-molecule magnet. Compound 2 possesses the highest operating temperature of the series with a 100 s blocking temperature of 62 K. Concomitant increases in the effective relaxation barrier and the maximum magnetic hysteresis temperature are observed, with 2 displaying a barrier of 1468 cm−1 and open magnetic hysteresis as high as 72 K at a sweep rate of 3.1 mT s−1. Magneto-structural correlations are discussed with the goal of guiding the synthesis of future high operating temperature DyIII metallocenium single-molecule magnets.
Professional Soccer Players' Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of Achilles Tendon Rupture.

Background:The majority of Achilles tendon ruptures are sports related; however, no investigation has examined the impact of surgical repair for complete ruptures on professional soccer players.Pur...
Dependence of diffusive permeation rates and selectivities on upstream and downstream pressures

Abstract In previous papers we have shown that a relatively simple thermodynamic—diffusive model appears to duplicate the behavior of the hexane/heptane/polyethylene system with regard to the effect of upstream and downstream pressure on permeation rate and selectivity. In the present paper we present more extensive results for the hexane/heptane system and results for the toluene/ethanol system, these two systems representing ideal and nonideal mixtures, respectively. Particular attention is paid to the comparison between these experimental results, and certain predictions of the theory and model. It is seen that the comparisons are substantially in good agreement, particularly for vapor permeate, adding further credibility to the model and its underlying assumptions.
Ground State Destabilization in Uracil DNA Glycosylase: Let’s Not Forget “Tautomeric Strain” in Substrates

Enzymes like uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) can achieve ground state destabilization, by polarizing substrates to mimic rare tautomers. On the basis of computed nucleus independent chemical shifts, NICS(1)zz, and harmonic oscillator model of electron delocalization (HOMED) analyses, of quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models of the UDG active site, uracil is strongly polarized when bound to UDG and resembles a tautomer >12 kcal/mol higher in energy. Natural resonance theory (NRT) analyses identified a dominant O2 imidate resonance form for residue bound 1-methyl-uracil. This "tautomeric strain" raises the energy of uracil, making uracilate a better than expected leaving group. Computed gas-phase SN2 reactions of free and hydrogen bonded 1-methyl-uracil demonstrate the relationship between the degree of polarization in uracil and the leaving group ability of uracilate.
Energy: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future

In my talk today, I want to spend a little time at the beginning explaining my own personal odyssey concerning the future of energy, not to brag—indeed, you will soon see that I have been a complete failure—but to ask why anyone thinks we will respond to the apparent challenges now any better than we did in the 1970s when energy was, for a brief while, our obsession, and mine.
Potential for utilization of algal biomass for components of the diet in CELSS

The major nutritional components of the green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) grown in a Constant Cell Density Apparatus were determined. Suitable methodology to prepare proteins from which three major undesirable components of these cells (i.e., cell walls, nucleic acids, and pigments) were either removed or substantially reduced was developed. Results showed that processing of green algae to protein isolate enhances is potential nutritional and organoleptic acceptability as a diet component in controlled Ecological Life Support System.