cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching the “Intangibles”: Building Pedagogical Bridges Between Business, Entrepreneurship, and Theatre

The interdisciplinary nature of theatre is perhaps obvious to those who work and teach within the discipline. However, amid budget cuts and an increasingly neoliberal socio-political context, it is becoming increasingly necessary to teach beyond the discipline and to model the ways that theatre skills connect to, support, and complicate other areas of knowledge. For over five years, I have collaborated with a colleague who teaches in the College of Business and who invited me to teach a theatre workshop for his business and entrepreneurship students. Specifically, I was asked to teach “the intangibles,” or elements of body language, acting, and improvisation. While these are “intangible,” instinctual elements of a business proposal or interaction, they are much more tangible aspects of a theatre professor’s pedagogy. Using my experience with these acting and improvisation workshops as a representative case study, this essay explores theatre’s unique ability to build a bridge between the arts and business/entrepreneurship. With Howard Gardner’s Five Minds for the Future as a theoretical framework, this essay offers both a model and justification for similar interdisciplinary collaborations. Moreover, the essay argues for an increased incorporation of such acting and improvisation courses in existing business/entrepreneurship curricula—both as a vehicle to sustain arts departments and to highlight the overlapping skills between performance and business.
Parenting behaviour and executive function in children with Down syndrome

BACKGROUND Parenting behaviours influence many domains of child development, and recent work has demonstrated the specific effects of parenting on the development of executive function (EF) abilities. The relationship between parent-child interaction patterns and EF has been examined in typically developing (TD) children but has not yet been examined in dyads where the child has a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). METHOD The current study examines the differences in patterns of parenting behaviours between DS dyads and dyads with TD children equated on nonverbal mental age. DS dyads (n = 42), child ages 59 to 118 months, and TD dyads (n = 28), child ages 30 to 49 months, participated in a modified version of the Parent-Child Challenge Task. Parent directive and teaching behaviours were coded, along with child compliance and noncompliance. Child participants also completed a laboratory measure of inhibition and working memory, and parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool. RESULTS There was a greater frequency of parenting directives and child compliance in the DS dyads, and parents of children with DS were more likely to follow child compliance with directives than parents of TD children. In both groups, parenting directive behaviour was a significant predictor of child EF laboratory performance. CONCLUSIONS Results characterise the relationship between specific parenting behaviours and child EF in DS and TD dyads. The implications for parent training and intervention are discussed.
Abstract 21: Comparison of Methods to Identify Atrial Fibrillation Patients from the Electronic Medical Record

Background: Healthcare systems lack a validated method to identify specific patient populations for quality improvement and research. We compared the performance of 5 different methods, for identif...
Phase II study of dasatinib in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

6022 Background: Dasatinib is a potent inhibitor of src-family kinases, ephA2, PDGFR, Abl, and c-kit. A single-center, open-label, phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability,...
DIREITO ROMANO E CONSTITUCIONALISMO GLOBAL

O paralelo entre questoes contemporâneas e historia romana muitas vezes fascina e ilumina. Neste artigo, argumento que o direito romano, que foi uma das varias fontes de inspiracao para os fundadores americanos, pode servir hoje como uma inspiracao para o constitucionalismo global. Olhar para o direito romano ajuda a reduzir certos preconceitos derivados do atual privilegio do Estado soberano e do paradigma positivista como os unicos modelos genuinos e possiveis para o direito internacional. Esses preconceitos constituem um verdadeiro obstaculo ao desenvolvimento correto do constitucionalismo global. O constitucionalismo global se move inerentemente para alem da soberania, do nacionalismo e do positivismo. O direito romano, que precedeu as nocoes de soberania, nacionalismo e positivismo, permite aos constitucionalistas eliminar do constitucionalismo global quaisquer elementos nao fundacionais derivados de um paradigma altamente estatista. A lei romana tambem constitui um bom antidoto para qualquer tipo de constitucionalismo global extremo que busque estender a linguagem e os modos do constitucionalismo nacional sem filtra-los e refina-los suficientemente.
Knowledge is power: Providing previsit insurance coverage information of body contouring procedures to improve understanding and satisfaction in the massive weight loss patient.

Summary Introduction Because of the prevalence of obesity worldwide, the rates of bariatric surgery are increasing. Bariatric surgery is covered by insurance; however, often, a surgery to correct massive weight loss surgeries is not covered despite patient perception. Methods One hundred patients were identified by their initial visit to the institutional Life After Weight Loss center. Fifty of them were randomized into receiving previsit educational materials about their individual insurance plans. All the patients were surveyed to assess whether this education improved their understanding and overall consultation experience. Results Although a majority of patients believed “panniculectomy” would be covered by insurance, most subjects overestimated insurance coverage for other procedures. Nearly all respondents (93.8%) agreed that previsit educational material improved their understanding and the satisfaction of the visit. Conclusion Many patients believe body contouring procedures to be covered by insurance, although most are not. By providing patients with their individualized insurance plans, patients report improved understanding and overall satisfaction with the consultation.
Duration of ovarian stimulation is predictive of in-vitro fertilization outcomes.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ovarian stimulation duration on oocyte/embryo development and pregnancy outcome in an in-vitro fertilization cycle (IVF). METHODS Retrospective cohort study performed at University of South Florida reproductive center between January 2011 and December 2016. A total of 690 sub-fertile women who underwent autologous IVF cycle were included for analysis. The outcomes were compared between patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for ≤8 days and >8 days. Data was further categorized into accelerated stimulation group (≤8 days), normal duration stimulation group (9-12 days), and delayed stimulation group (≥13 days). Primary outcome was live birth rate. Secondary outcomes include oocyte development and embryo characteristics. RESULTS A total of 69 (10%) and 621 (90%) patients underwent ovarian stimulation for ≤8 and >8 days, respectively. Ovarian stimulation for >8 days had 2.1 times higher odds of live birth (35.7% vs. 20.8%, 95% CI: 1.02-4.44, P=0.04), and 1.9-fold-higher odds of clinical pregnancy (42.6% vs. 27.1%, 95% CI: 1.03-3.87, P=0.05). Number of matured oocytes (P=0.002), normally fertilized embryos (P=0.008), 6-8 cell stage embryos (P=0.003) and blastocysts (P=0.014) were higher in cycles with stimulation >8 days. Further analysis showed that live birth rate was highest in the group of patients with normal duration stimulation group (37.3%) compared to patients with delayed stimulation (25%) and accelerated stimulation (20.8%). CONCLUSIONS In an IVF cycle, optimal ovarian response and pregnancy outcome is associated with stimulation duration of at least 9 days. Both accelerated and delayed follicular recruitment are indicators for suboptimal response.
Recognizing Rhetoric in Sociological Theory: The Unmasking Style in Social Theory by Peter Baehr

This essay sympathetically reviews Peter Baehr’s welcome protest against the “unmasking style” of rhetoric in sociological theory, while expressing reservations about the alternative(s) Baehr appears to recommend. I briefly explore recognition, as an alternative rhetorical style, seeking a standpoint from which it might be possible to respond to valid and sincerely felt moral commitments in the unmasking style, while also leaving open possibilities for reconciliation.
EP1045 Differences of tumour behaviour among various types of epithelial ovarian cancer

Introduction/Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) consisted of several histologic types, including serous, mucinous (MC), clear cell, endometrioid carcinoma (EC), etc. Few studies evaluated the rare histologic types, such as seromucinous carcinoma (SMC) and mixed-type carcinoma (MTC). The aims of present study were to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of this uncommon histology and to compare with other types of EOC. Methodology A total of 414 EOC patients of various histologic types between Jan. 2008 and Dec. 2016 were included for analysis. The clinical and pathological characteristics of SMC and MTC were compared with other common histologic types. Chi-square test was used for analysis of distribution of category variables. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for analysis of survival outcomes. Results SMC and MTC comprised 1.2% and 4.6% of all epithelial cell types in our series, respectively. The mean age of diagnosis of both was 52.8 years old which was older than other EOC (51.2 years old). Most SMC was diagnosed at early stage (I, II, 80%), while the stage of MTC was equally distributed. MTC (9.6 cm) and SMC (8.9 cm) had bigger mean size than high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC, 7.1 cm), but much smaller than MC (14.9 cm). MTC predominantly occurred unilaterally (70.6%). SMC and MTC were associated with endometriosis, especially SMC (60%). With a median follow up of 43 months, 5-year progression free/ overall survival rate of SMC and MYC were 60.0%/60.0% and 64.7%/81.3%, respectively. The survival rate of SMC and MTC were worse than EC, similar to MC, but better than HGSC. Conclusion SMC and MTC possess relatively special clinicopathologic features, including age, size, bilaterality and component of endometriosis. But there are no significant differences in survival outcomes among SMC and MTC, and EC. Disclosure Nothing to disclose
Strategies for Ensuring High-Impact Outreach and Scholarship.

How do you become an effective Extension professional—produce scholarly work, provide strong educational programs for clientele, and show impact and outcomes? It requires proactive planning so that valuable impact can be measured and shared with appropriate stakeholders. Learn how the Department of 4-H Youth Development, Rutgers Cooperative Extension uses a programming model that makes scholarship a natural part of everyday work. Expand and enhance your Extension scholarship while highlighting and strengthening local program efforts.
Interval Observer Synthesis for Polytopic Systems and Conic Systems

Synthesizing interval observers for nonlinear systems is challenging partially because both stability and positivity need to be ensured simultaneously. This paper investigates the synthesis of interval observers for two classes of nonlinear systems: polytopic systems and conic systems. Conditions for positivity of the proposed interval observers are derived by expressing the nonlinear error dynamics as a linear differential inclusion. These positivity conditions are enforced along with stability conditions in convex programs which yield the interval observer gains and coupling terms. Two convex programs and one linear program are proposed for polytopic systems, and one convex program is proposed for conic systems.
If You Have Too Much Data, then "Good Enough" Is Good Enough: In today’s humongous database systems, clarity may be relaxed, but business needs can still be met.

Classic database systems offer crisp answers for a relatively small amount of data. These systems hold their data in one or a relatively small number of computers. With a tightly defined schema and transactional consistency, the results returned from queries are crisp and accurate. New systems have humongous amounts of data content, change rates, and querying rates and take lots of computers to hold and process. The data quality and meaning are fuzzy. The schema, if present, is likely to vary across the data. The origin of the data may be suspect, and its staleness may vary.
The Role of Cannabis in Orthopedic Surgery

Cannabis use has increased dramatically in America with recent regulatory policy changes. Despite growing access and prevalence of use of cannabinoids both medically and recreationally, scientific evidence describing its safety and efficacy are limited, especially in the context of treating musculoskeletal pathology. The purpose of this review is to present data evaluating the role of cannabinoids as an adjunct in multimodal pain management, as a modulator in bone metabolism, and as a potential agent in combating the opioid epidemic.
Analysis of non-uniform and Erbium-Doped Fiber Bragg Gratings (ED-CFBG), using a Transmission-Lines Model

A more accurate model than the CMT-TMM is proposed for the analysis of ED-CFBG regarding both the spectral reflectivity and the group delay variation. Its potential influence on pumping-power dependent fiber dispersion compensation is examined.
The Uneven Later Work Course: Intersectional Gender, Age, Race, and Class Disparities.

Objectives Later adult work attachments and exits are in flux, suggesting the need for understanding both the range of contemporary population-level pathways of work and non-work and variations by overlapping social locations. We document patterned continuity and change in monthly work attachments and analyze the intersecting effects of age, gender, education, and race/ethnicity. Methods We capitalize on massive micro-level 16-month panel data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) from 2008 through 2016 to empirically identify patterned pathways of monthly states: working full time, long hours, part time; being self-employed or unemployed; not working because of a disability, due to family care or other reasons, or because one defines oneself as retired. Results Analyses of 346,488 American women and men ages 50 to 75 reveal patterned elasticity in the timing and nature of work attachments in the form of six distinctive pathways. Our intersectional analyses illustrate divergences and disparities: advantages for educated white men, disadvantages for low-educated Black men and women through their early 60s, and intersecting effects of gender, education, and race/ethnicity during the later work course across age groups. We find convergence across social markers by the 70s. Discussion This research highlights the importance of intersectional analysis, recasting the gendered work course in later adulthood into a framework of even greater complexities within mutually shaping categories of race/ethnicity, class, and age. Older Americans experience patterned, uneven pathways around work and non-work. We recommend additional scholarship on the dynamics of constrained and disparate choices unfolding across multiple intersecting social locations.
Activation of Ras by phorbol esters in cardiac myocytes: Role of guanine nucleotide exchange factor

The relationship between protein kinase C (PKC) activation and Ras function was investigated in cardiac cells. Ras function was required for ERK activation by phorbol esters in cardiac myocytes, but not in cardiac fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with phorbol esters resulted in GTP loading of Ras in cardiac myocytes, but not fibroblasts. Ras activation by phorbol esters was abolished by a PKC specific inhibitor, but was insensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Ras activation was mediated by stimulation of guanine nucleotide exchange. These results suggest the existence of a novel pathway for Ras activation, specific to cardiac myocytes, with implications for myocardial hypertrophy.
Extension, Torsion, and Flexure of Elastic Cylinders

This chapter will investigate particular solutions to the problem of cylindrical bars subjected to forces acting on the end planes. The general problem is that of an elastic cylindrical bar with arbitrary cross-section and lateral surface that carries general resultant end loadings of force and moment. The lateral surface is taken to be free of external loading. The cylindrical body is a prismatic bar, and the constant cross-section may be solid or contain one or more holes. Components of the general loading lead to a definition of four problem types including extension, torsion, bending, and flexure. These problems are inherently three-dimensional, and thus analytical solutions cannot be generally determined. To obtain an approximate solution in central portions of the bar, it is presumed that the character of the elastic field in this location would only depend in a secondary way on the exact distribution of tractions on the ends of the cylinder, and that the principal effects are due to the force resultants on the ends (Saint-Venant’s principle). As such, the original problem is relaxed by no longer requiring the solution to satisfy pointwise traction conditions on the ends, but rather asking for one that had the same resultant loading.
Continual mechanical twinning: Part III: Nucleation and dislocation production Part IV: Cyclic twinning in Fe3Be single crystals

Abstract In Part III the question of twin nucleation in Fe-25 at. % Be single crystals is investigated. Results from two of the methods used, one involving yield points after temperature changes during deformation and the other concerned with creep and twinning, imply that nucleation occurs through local stress concentrations. However, the use of external stress concentrations suggests that twin propagation is the controlling process in CMT. In all three experiments, other details are again explained with the hypothesis that energy is dissipated by slip concurrent with twinning. The quasi-elastic or rubber-like behavior of single crystals of the ordered structure, Fe 3 Be, is examined in Part IV. The driving force for untwinning has already been shown to be the energy difference between the two states, the DO 3 matrix and the uniquely altered atomic arrangement within the twin. Cyclic deformation degrades the state of order and leads to gradual changes in the quasi-elastic behavior. A survey of the details involved constitutes the major portion of the report.
Teacher Education as Teaching for Understanding with New Technologies

We examine the synergistic contributions of an explicit research-based framework, called Teaching for Understanding (TfU), and networked technologies in helping teachers support the active learning that teachers and their students require in the twenty-first century. Activity theory portrays the roles of the TfU framework, networked technologies, and professional communities in continuous teacher education. Three examples illustrate how this approach can be applied to varied, interconnected stages and contexts of professional education – a graduate-level university course, an online course bridging school and university, and a district-wide initiative – to promote sustained, coherent learning for teachers and educational organizations.
Culturally Sensitive Instructional Practices for African-American Learners with Disabilities

This article discusses the cultural and educational needs of African-American learners with disabilities. Six theoretical assumptions establish some basic suppositions about culturally and linguistically diverse learners and effective instructional practices. A review of the literature describes African-American cultural practices, interests, and cognitive styles; highlights the attitudes, perceptions, and instructional practices of effective teachers of African-American students; and includes patterns of teacher-student and peer-group interactions that promote high academic achievement among African-American learners. Recommendations include organizing teaching, learning, and performance in ways that are compatible with the social structure of African-American students with disabilities.
Characterizing Design Learning: A Mixed‐Methods Study of Engineering Designers' Use of Language

Using multiple quantitative and qualitative methods to examine engineering design learning, we found that students taking a course in engineering design and/or studying engineering for four years acquired engineering design language that is common to a larger community of practice as well as common to their own programs and institutions of higher learning. The study also suggests that engineering design language shapes the knowledge that students have about engineering design. Finally, students did not always put their design knowledge into practice, suggesting the need for educational improvements and research to bridge this gap.
Sulindac sulfide induces several subpopulations of colon cancer cells, defined by PCNA/Ki-67 and DNA strand breaks

Abstract We assessed the effect of sulindac sulfide (SS), a colon cancer chemopreventive agent, on the proliferation and apoptosis in the colon cancer cell lines HCT-15 and HT-29. We applied a triparameter flow cytometric analysis that simultaneously determined DNA content, expression of Ki-67 or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and extent of DNA strand breaks by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling). HCT-15 and HT-29 cells were exposed to SS 200 μM and 175 μM, respectively, for up to 72 h. As expected, SS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. SS also induced several subpopulations of cells defined by their expression of proliferation markers and DNA strand breaks. By 72 h the rapidly proliferating cells [PCNA/Ki-67(+)/TUNEL(−)] were reduced from >90% to about one third. Of the remaining cells, about one third were apoptotic [PCNA/Ki-67(−)/TUNEL(+)] and one third were quiescent [PCNA/Ki-67(−)/TUNEL(−)]. Another subpopulation was detected that was PCNA/Ki-67(+)/TUNEL(+), some had a dominant subdiploid peak and over half were in S or G2/M phases by DNA content. Thus, a subpopulation of apoptotic cells strongly expressed PCNA and Ki-67, suggesting that their specificity as proliferation markers may need reassessment. Similar results were obtained with the HL-60 promyelocytic cell line.
Short-wave infrared radiometers design and characterizations

Short-wave infrared (SW-IR) radiometers have been developed to extend the NIST reference responsivity scales from the silicon wavelength range to 2500 nm. In addition to spectral power responsivity measurements, where 5 mm diameter extended-InGaAs (EIGA) detectors are underfilled by the incident radiation, irradiance responsivity calibrations are needed. Irradiance measuring radiometers are used as reference detectors to calibrate field radiometers in both irradiance and radiance measurement modes. In irradiance mode, smaller detectors with high shunt resistance, such as 1 mm diameter short-wave HgCdTe and EIGA detectors are used. Mechanical, optical, thermal, and electronic design considerations of SW-IR radiometers are discussed. Noise equivalent currents (NEC) were measured to evaluate noise equivalent power (NEP) and D*.
30 HEAP CIRCUMFERENCE AT 8 MONTHS PREPICTS 3 YEAR IQ IN A10 VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS

30 HEAP CIRCUMFERENCE AT 8 MONTHS PREPICTS 3 YEAR IQ IN A10 VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS
The effect of constant current shock intensities on the acquisition of a discriminated avoidance response

Twenty-seven naive female hooded rats were trained in a lever-pressing situation under a discriminated avoidance procedure in a single 4 hr. session. Different groups received 0.8, 1.6 and 2.8 ma of constant current shock. Analysis of the results showed a slight advantage for Ss trained with a low constant current.
Bremsstrahlung spectrum from ions in a model potential approximation

Abstract Bremsstrahlung from ions is described in the nonrelativistic Elwert-Born energy range of incident electrons. A simple one parameter potential is constructed which is in good agreement with the numerical relativistiv Hartree-Fock-Slater potential in the regions of configuration space which contribute to the matrix element. Using entirely analytic formulas an accuracy of 15% is achieved for the bremsstrahlung spectrum, of 2% for interpolating between neutral atom partial wave and Coulomb results. An expression for the total energy loss due to radiation is accurate within 1–6%.
Reduced basis approximation and a posteriori error estimation for the time-dependent viscous Burgers’ equation

In this paper we present rigorous a posteriori L2 error bounds for reduced basis approximations of the unsteady viscous Burgers equation in one space dimension. The key new ingredient is accurate solution-dependent (Online) calculation of the exponential-in-time stability factor by the Successive Constraint Method. Numerical results indicate that the a posteriori error bounds are practicable for reasonably large times — many convective scales — and reasonably large Reynolds numbers — O(100) or larger. Work in progress (in collaboration with Dr Paul Fischer) considered the full unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation.
Chemical properties of oxopropenyl adducts of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and their reactivity toward amino acid cross-link formation.

N2-Oxopropenyldeoxyguanosine (2) forms in duplex DNA by modification of dG residues with base propenal or malondialdehyde. The pKa of 2 was estimated to be 6.9 from the pH dependence of its ring-closing to the pyrimidopurinone derivative 1. The acidity of 2 may be an important determinant of its miscoding properties and its reactivity to nucleophiles in DNA or protein. To test this hypothesis, analogous N-oxopropenyl derivatives of dA (4), dC (5), and N1-methyl-dG (6) were synthesized and their pKa's were determined by optical titration. The N-oxopropenyl derivatives of dA and dC both exhibited pKa's of 10.5, whereas the N-oxopropenyl derivative of N1-methyldG exhibited a pKa of 8.2. Cross-linking of 2, 4, 5, and 6 to Nα-acetyl-lysine was explored at neutral pH. Adduct 2 did not react with Nα-acetyl-lysine, whereas 4−6 readily formed cross-links. The structures of the cross-links were elucidated, and their stabilities were investigated. The results define the acidity of oxopropenyl deoxynucleosides and hi...
11B NMR studies of the short range order in mixed alkali Na2S:K2S + B2S3 glasses

The 11B nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of mixed alkali (1:1)Na2S:K2S + B2S3 glasses in the region 0 ≤ x(Na2S:K2S) ≤ 0.25 are reported. As in the single alkali Na2S + B2S3 and K2S + B2S3 systems, the fractions of tetrahedral borons in the glasses are found to increase with increasing amounts of alkali sulfide. The mixed alkali glasses have tetrahedral boron fractions that are the average of the tetrahedral boron fractions of their constituent single alkali glasses at corresponding compositions. Unlike their oxide analogs, (1:1)(Na2O:K2O) + B2O3, these sulfide-based glasses do not appear to exhibit a mixed alkali effect in terms of glass structure.
The Role of Prototypical Situations in the Perceptions of Prejudice of African Americans1

Inman and Baron (1996) found that African Americans and Whites possess prototypes for racist behavior that involve Whites oppressing African Americans. However, prototypical content may be more detailed and specific for African Americans because of differing cultural experiences. In the present experiment, undergraduates read stories about interpersonal encounters representing prototypical and nonprototypical situations. Actor race ambiguity was manipulated by the presence or absence of photographs. As expected, Whites tended to make equal ratings of prejudiced behavior for prototypical and nonprototypical situations. However, African Americans perceived more prejudice in prototypical vignettes than in nonprototypical vignettes. They also perceived stronger prejudicial displays and more dispositional motivation for targets in prototypical vignettes. The results suggest that African Americans have heightened sensitivity to prejudice in specific situations, a factor that may contribute to racial confrontations and misunderstandings.
Single Slit Diffraction of Laguerre-Gauss Vortex Beams

Far field diffraction pattern from a single slit for the Laguerre-Gauss vortex beam is derived analytically. Many interesting features can be seen depending on the size, aspect ratio, and angular momentum of the beam.
Mangrove forests : A tough system to invade but an easy one to rehabilitate

Abstract Mangrove forests are tough ecosystems to invade because few species can tolerate the hydrological and edaphic conditions that prevail in mangrove habitats. The small pantropical mangrove species pool is also the basis for asserting that mangrove forests are easy to rehabilitate, at least in terms of tree species composition. The high complexity of the animal and microbial component of mangrove ecosystems is not addressed in this article. The following questions are useful as a guide for evaluating the invasion of plant species into mangrove habitats: (1) Is the invading species a halophyte? (2) What conditions of the environment is the invading species occupying and how long will those conditions last? (3) What is the geographic location of the invasion, does it penetrate the forest or is it only at the edge? (4) Is the invasion a short-term response to changes in microsite conditions? (5) Is the invasion the result of a long-term shift in the mangrove habitat?
Development of CANKAP: a multidimensional measure of nutritional beliefs

Abstract An interdisciplinary research team developed and evaluated a multidimensional measure of beliefs—the Comprehensive Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (CANKAP). Based on a framework of goals and objectives for nutrition education in grades K-12, 11 separate forms of the instrument exist for students at 5 developmental levels, for elementary and secondary teachers, for foodservice managers and workers, for administrators, and for parents. Specialists in human development, nutrition, food sciences, and education reviewed the tests before and after a pilot test, revision, and final evaluation with data from 4,139 students and 2,126 adults. The final test forms represent consideration of content validity; reading level; and psychometric indices such as difficulty, discrimination, and reliability. The CANKAP is appropriate for research and evaluation with many types of nutrition education programs.
WE‐E‐T‐618‐01: IMRT in Gynecologic Malignancies

Intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) is increasingly used for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. In a survey conducted in 2004, we found that over 35% of the radiationoncology clinics with IMRT were using this modality in gynecologic patients. While treatment planning is an important aspect of gynecologic IMRT, successful implementation requires careful attention to detail throughout the entire planning process. At the University of Chicago, IMRT planning for whole‐pelvic gynecologic patients begins with a CT simulation. Patients are treated in the supine position, and customized immobilization devices (alpha cradles) are fabricated which are subsequently indexed to the treatment table. Oral, intravenous and rectal contrast are used to aid in the delineation of the CTV and surrounding normal tissues. The CTV consists of the contrast enhanced vessels (plus a 2 cm margin) to identify common, external and internal nodal regions along with the upper half of the vagina, parametrial tissues, presacral region and uterus (if present). A PTV is added to the CTV based on measured set‐up uncertainties and organ motion data. Normal tissues that are contoured include the bladder, rectum, small bowel region and pelvic bone marrow. For treatment planning, 7 (small patients) or 9 (larger patients) equally spaced, co‐planar beams are used. Input parameters derived for the PTV and surrounding normal tissues were developed over time, and their evolution will be discussed. Values used for a number of commercially available planning systems will also be presented. Treatment plans are evaluated primarily based on the PTV coverage and normal tissue DVHs. For the PTV, acceptable plans are defined as those which cover >98% of the volume with the prescription dose while 110% of the prescription dose. Evaluation of small bowel is based on a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) curve for the incidence of acute gastrointestinal toxicity of IMRT patients treated in our clinic. From this analysis, acceptable plans are those in which <200 cc of the small bowel region receives 45 Gy (prescription dose). Acceptability criteria for the bladder, rectum and pelvic bone marrow will also be discussed. At our institution, quality assurance is performed using an independent monitor unit verification (MUV) program and patient‐specific measurements. In gynecologic patients, an acceptable disparity between the treatment planning system and MUV calculation is 0.2% +/− 1.1%. An additional consideration is that the relatively large treatment fields in whole pelvic gynecologic IMRT necessitate splitting individual fields to accommodate the limitations of the MLC carriage motion. The dosimetry of these split fields and measurements of the junction region will be presented. Educational Objectives: 1. To understand the practical aspects of IMRT planning for gynecologic malignancies 2. To describe the criteria for IMRT plan evaluation in gynecologic patients 3. To understand the IMRTquality assurance issues for this disease site
The Harvard Business Review goes to war

Ideology can bond a community of individuals around common assumptions and beliefs. Ideology can also distort by leading adherents away from a rational understanding of their world. Studies of the ...
Evaluating content management techniques for Web proxy caches

The continued growth of the World-Wide Web and the emergence of new end-user technologies such as cable modems necessitate the use of proxy caches to reduce latency, network traffic and Web server loads. Current Web proxy caches utilize simple replacement policies to determine which files to retain in the cache. We utilize a trace of client requests to a busy Web proxy in an ISP environment to evaluate the performance of several existing replacement policies and of two new, parameterless replacement policies that we introduce in this paper. Finally, we introduce Virtual Caches, an approach for improving the performance of the cache for multiple metrics simultaneously.
Thermostable Artificial Enzyme Isolated by In Vitro Selection

Artificial enzymes hold the potential to catalyze valuable reactions not observed in nature. One approach to build artificial enzymes introduces mutations into an existing protein scaffold to enable a new catalytic activity. This process commonly results in a simultaneous reduction of protein stability as an undesired side effect. While protein stability can be increased through techniques like directed evolution, care needs to be taken that added stability, conversely, does not sacrifice the desired activity of the enzyme. Ideally, enzymatic activity and protein stability are engineered simultaneously to ensure that stable enzymes with the desired catalytic properties are isolated. Here, we present the use of the in vitro selection technique mRNA display to isolate enzymes with improved stability and activity in a single step. Starting with a library of artificial RNA ligase enzymes that were previously isolated at ambient temperature and were therefore mostly mesophilic, we selected for thermostable active enzyme variants by performing the selection step at 65°C. The most efficient enzyme, ligase 10C, was not only active at 65°C, but was also an order of magnitude more active at room temperature compared to related enzymes previously isolated at ambient temperature. Concurrently, the melting temperature of ligase 10C increased by 35 degrees compared to these related enzymes. While low stability and solubility of the previously selected enzymes prevented a structural characterization, the improved properties of the heat-stable ligase 10C finally allowed us to solve the three-dimensional structure by NMR. This artificial enzyme adopted an entirely novel fold that has not been seen in nature, which was published elsewhere. These results highlight the versatility of the in vitro selection technique mRNA display as a powerful method for the isolation of thermostable novel enzymes.
Fruiting of cotton IV. Nitrogen, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and cutout

Abstract Decreases in growth, flowering rate, and fruit (boll) retention of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) characterize cutout, a hiatus in fruiting. Nitrogen deficiency hastens cutout, and has been reported to cause an increase in the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA), a growth-inhibiting hormone. A field experiment was conducted with ‘Deltapine 61’ cotton to determine possible effects of N deficit on the concentrations of ABA and the growth-promoting hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), in cotton fruiting branches in relation to their growth, flowering rate, and boll retention. Three harvests were made during the fruiting cycle in 1987 to determine if the ABA concentration of fruiting branches increased or IAA concentration decreased as growth decreased during the season. Three harvests were made the next season (1988) to determine possible changes in concentrations of ABA and IAA in flower buds and flowers. Fruiting branches were always shorter on low-N than on high-N plants, and fruiting branches that developed late in the season were much shorter than those that developed early. The ABA concentrations in fruiting branches decreased after 9 July and ABA concentrations were always lower in fruiting branches of low-N than high-N plants. Therefore, the results do not support the hypothesis that ABA accumulates in N-deficient cotton fruiting branches and inhibits their growth. Decreasing concentrations of IAA, however, could have been a cause of decreased growth of fruiting branches. The IAA content of fruiting branches decreased during the fruiting cycle, and was lower in low-N than in high-N plants except in the last harvest. ABA increased and IAA decreased in 3-day-old bolls as boll retention decreased. The concentrations of ABA in flower buds and flowers did not increase during the season and were not affected by N deficiency. Likewise, the concentrations of IAA in flower buds and flowers were not affected by N. The concentration of IAA in flower buds decreased during the season, however. In general, the results support the hypothesis that the IAA of cotton fruiting branches is affected by N deficit, decreases during the fruiting cycle, and may be a factor in the decreases in growth, flowering, and boll retention commonly referred to as cutout.
On the axial vector current and PCAC in the σ-model

Abstract An explicit operator construction of the axial vector current in the boson σ model is given in perturbation theory. This current is finite and satisfies the PCAC condition with the renormalized pion field. It also (at least formally) satisfies the SU 2 × SU 2 equal-time time-component current algebra.
Schedule of Passive Ethanol Exposure Affects Subsequent Intragastric Ethanol Self‐Infusion

Background: Many studies have shown that chronic ethanol exposure can enhance later self-administration of ethanol, but only a few studies have identified critical parameters for such exposure. The present studies examined temporal and other parameters of chronic ethanol exposure on subsequent intragastric (IG) self-infusion of ethanol. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats implanted with IG catheters were passively infused with ethanol for 5 to 6 days and then allowed to self-infuse ethanol or water using a procedure in which infusions were contingent upon licking fruit-flavored solutions. Experiment 1 examined the time interval between consecutive periods of passive infusion (Massed Group: 12 hours vs. Spaced Group: 36 hours). Experiment 2 studied the interval between the final passive infusion and onset of self-infusion (12 vs. 36 hours). Finally, Experiment 3 tested the effect of inserting self-infusion days within the passive infusion phase. Results: Passive ethanol exposure on consecutive days induced relatively large amounts of ethanol self-infusion (4.1 to 7.9 g/kg/d). Increasing the duration of the ethanol-free interval between periods of passive exposure to 36 hours significantly reduced ethanol self-infusion (2.2 g/kg/d; Exp. 1). The time delay between the last passive ethanol exposure and onset of self-infusion had no effect on self-infusion (Exp. 2). Moreover, inserting no-choice self-infusion days between the last few passive exposure days did not increase self-infusion (Exp. 3). Conclusions: Measurement of withdrawal signs indicated that Massed passive exposure produced stronger dependence than Spaced passive exposure, suggesting that enhanced ethanol self-infusion in Massed Groups might be explained by the opportunity for greater negative reinforcement by ethanol. Although enhanced negative reinforcement might also explain why the Massed Group showed a weaker aversion for the ethanol-paired flavor than the Spaced Group, this observation could also be explained by the development of greater tolerance to ethanol’s aversive pharmacological effects in the Massed Group.
Impingement Heat Transfer Within Arrays of Circular Jets: Part II—Effects of Crossflow in the Presence of Roughness Elements

An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effects of jet-induced crossflow on impingement heat transfer from rough surfaces. The jets impinged on surfaces having repeated square ribs, with transverse flow of the spent air. Two crossflow schemes were tested: discharge of the spent air through two opposite sides (intermediate crossflow) and through one side (complete or maximum crossflow) of the rectangular impingement surface. The rib height was fixed at 0.813 mm, while the pitch-to-height ratio (p /e) was varied between 6 and 10. The study covered standoff spacing and jet Reynolds number in the range 2 to 16 jet hole diameters and 1300 to 21,000, respectively. Three nozzle plates, having 48, 90, and 180 square-edged holes, were tested. For the maximum crossflow scheme, the presence of roughness results in small upstream reductions in heat transfer coefficient, with marked improvement in the downstream section; indicating that roughness elements can be used to compensate for the degradation that is usually associated with impingement on smooth surfaces.
Central venous catheter infection with Rhodotorula minuta in a patient with AIDS taking suppressive doses of fluconazole

A case of Rhodotorula minuta central venous catheter infection with fungaemia is described in a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV nephropathy, end-stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis, and a permanent Quinton catheter in place for 6 months. At the time of fungaemia, the patient was taking 100 mg fluconazole per os daily for a previous episode of Candida oesophagitis. R. minuta central venous catheter infection with fungaemia was successfully treated with 455 mg total dose amphotericin B (0·6 mg kg-1 day-1) over 25 days without removal of the catheter. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing for R. minuta revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration to fluconazole of > 100 μg ml-1 and to amphotericin B of 1·2 μg ml-1. Clinically evident fungaemia, even with an unusual organism such as R. minuta, may occur in patients with intravenous catheters, and while the immunosuppressed patient is receiving azole therapy.
Adhesion of C. Elegans to Agar Surfaces

The surface adhesion between C. elegans and the agar plates on which they are commonly grown has yet to be accurately quantified. C. elegans are a scientifically important species of nematode whose simple structure allowed the first mapping of the complete nervous system in a multicellular organism. One of the current topics of research in the C. elegans community is the investigation of neuronal function in locomotion. Models of locomotion are used in these studies to aid in determination of the functions of specific neurons involved in locomotion. The adhesion force plays a critical role in developing these models. This paper presents the experimental determination of the adhesion energy of a representative sample of C. elegans. Adhesion energy was determined by a direct pull-off technique. In this approach, nematodes are anesthetized to prevent movement and secured to a small load cell before an agar plate is slowly brought into contact with the specimen and then removed. The maximum tensile force is then fit to a JKR-type adhesion model, which assumes that the nematode is a cylinder in order to determine the adhesion energy. Repeated adhesions are also investigated to determine the importance of drying on the measured adhesion force.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Attitudinal determinants of public opinions toward legalized pornography

Most polls conducted in the United States on regulating pornography have not addressed the attitudinal dimensions of the public's opinions. This study attempted to identify the factors influencing the public's opinions on legalizing pornography in three outlets: adult bookstores, adult theaters, and video rental stores. In addition to standard demographic variables and religiosity, attitudinal variables concerning the link between pornography and sex crimes and the importance of sexual privacy also were examined. It was anticipated from earlier public opinion polls that the following groups would favor legalization: males, younger people, single people, people with a low religious commitment, and more educated people. It was anticipated, however, that the two attitudinal variables would intervene between other independent variables and the support of legalization. Data were obtained as part of the Greater Toledo Survey conducted in 1988. Four-hundred-and-forty-nine adult respondents were interviewed by telephone after being selected by means of a random digit dialing technique. Basic descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and multiple regression were employed to analyze the data. Major findings include: 1) the sample was sharply divided on the legalization issue; 2) people who favored legalizing pornography tended to be male, young, educated, and less religious, and they tended to doubt a link between pornography and sex crimes and believe that the law should not intrude into private sexual behaviors; 3) the attitudes regarding sex crimes and privacy intervened between respondents' demographic and religious characteristics and their opinions toward legalization; and 4) aside from the influence of the beliefs, respondents' sex consistently demonstrated predictive power.
Case study: Maritime domain awareness

We show how sharing of maritime information available from various data producers can strengthen marine domain awareness across agency boundaries and therefore enhance homeland security. This is based on a 2006–2007 pilot project implementing information sharing in the maritime domain which was documented in a Harvard Kennedy School case study. We emphasize those instances where complex systems engineering principles apply and list some lessons learned.