cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who Values Diversity? Comparing the Effect of Manager Gender Across the Public, Private, and Nonprofit Sectors

Researchers have focused on the role of managerial gender on attitudes toward diversity issues mainly in either the public or private sector, but there is little research that compares managerial attitudes on diversity across the public, private, and nonprofit sectors. This article identifies important distinctions among the sectors that may influence gender differences in managerial priority placed on diversity. Using a national survey of nearly 1,000 top-level managers in public, private, and nonprofit hospitals in the United States, we analyze how managerial gender combined with cross-sector differences shape managerial priority on diversity. We find female managers place a higher priority on diversity than their male counterparts in nonprofit and private organizations compared with managers in public organizations. The differing effects of managerial gender on the priority placed on diversity are shaped by the organizational contexts of the three sectors. This research provides systematic evidence of ...
Cluster Beam Deposition of Cu2–XS Nanoparticles into Organic Thin Films

Bulk-heterojunction films composed of semiconductor nanoparticles blended with organic oligomers are of interest for photovoltaic and other applications. Cu2–XS nanoparticles were cluster beam deposited into thermally evaporated pentacene or quaterthiophene to create bulk-heterojunction thin films. The nanoparticle stoichiometry, morphology, and chemistry within these all-gas phase deposited films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron microscopy. Cu2–XS nanoparticles were (at most) only slightly copper-deficient with respect to Cu2S; ∼2.5 nm diameter, unoxidized Cu2–XS nanoparticles formed in both pentacene and quaterthiophene, as the matrix was not observed to impact the nanoparticle morphology or chemical structure. Cluster beam deposition allowed direct control of the nanoparticle stoichiometry and nanoparticle:organic ratio. Chemical states or Wagner plots were combined with other XPS data analysis strategies to determine the metal oxidation state, indicating that C...
Evaluation of Direct Bond Aluminum Substrates for Power Electronic Applications in Extreme Environments

Power packages that require large current capacities typically employ some form of thick conductive traces attached to a thermally conductive ceramic material to create a suitable package substrate. The most common substrate currently used in high power applications is Direct Bonded Copper (DBC). Though this is a well established, reliable, and commonly used substrate, DBC suffers from poor long term mechanical reliability when exposed to extreme temperature excursions. In an attempt to improve on this technology, substrate materials such as Active Metal Bond / Braze (AMB) and Direct Bonded Aluminum (DBA) are being investigated. Previous work has shown that the accelerated aging / thermal shock lifetimes of DBC and AMB are significantly shorter than that of DBA substrates. Though DBA substrates last longer, they still have some issues that require attention before it can be accepted as an improved alternative to DBC substrates in these types of applications. The main issues that have been observed are DBA...
Survival Analysis:A New Method to ROC Curve

This paper introduces a new method to ROC curve with survival analysis.Through two examples to describe how to analyze ROC curve with survival analysis.The main results is that there is no different in estimator for ROC between the classical method and survival analysis,and survival analysis is more concise.The paper gets that survival analysis is a new choice to deal with ROC curve for user in this domain.
Hair Braiding-Induced Scalp Necrosis: A Case Report.

Initially, the patient's scalp was shaved to expose the entire lesion (Fig 1) for thorough irrigation, debridement, and introduction of wet to dry dressings. She was discharged on empiric cephalexin. Seven days after initial presentation (Fig 2), she was taken to the operating room for further debridement, washout, and local tissue rearrangement. Dense amounts of necrotic tissue were debrided, extending through the subcutaneous tissue, exposing some areas of galea. Scalp laxity and undermining allowed significant advancement and primary closure, leaving a markedly diminished wound (Fig 3). After a clean, healthy wound bed was ensured postoperatively, local wound care was instituted. At her 6-month follow-up, the patient's wound was healed with obvious areas of scar alopecia. The remaining scar tissue was excised and scalp flaps were advanced, eliminating any remaining areas of alopecia. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Predicting Patient Falls

OverviewThe Hendrich II Fall Risk Model is used to assess a hospitalized patient's risk of falling. Designed to be administered quickly, it focuses on eight independent risk factors: confusion, disorientation, and impulsivity; symptomatic depression; altered elimination; dizziness or vertigo; male s
Madura foot caused by Gordonia terrae misdiagnosed as Nocardia

Actinomycetomas are soft tissue bacterial infections that are in the differential for unusual masses of the extremities. Typical infectious agents include Actinomyces and Nocardia and are treated with long-term antibiotics. We report a rare case of Gordonia actinomycetoma that was misdiagnosed as Nocardia and subsequently required surgical excision in addition to antibiotic therapy.
A Sociological Analysis of the Decline of American IR Theory

In recent years the centrality of grand, paradigmatic theory in American IR has eroded, with the vacuum being filled by largely atheoretical “hypothesis-testing” research. Although a heated debate has emerged on whether it is good or bad for IR, hardly anyone has tried to analyze this trend. I offer an analysis grounded in a conceptual framework elaborated by sociologist Richard Whitley. In the 1980s and 1990s IR approximated the type of social organization Whitley labeled “polycentric oligarchy”—a hierarchic structure dominated by leaders of competing schools, toward which scholars orient their research. In recent years the field has become more of a “fragmented adhocracy.” Its reputational hierarchy has become more fluid and, concomitantly, its intellectual output has become more fragmented, more empirical, and less oriented toward a theoretical center. To account for this change, I discuss three external forces that reduce American IR's “reputational autonomy”: the corporatization of American higher education; a surge in the availability of research funding from the Pentagon and other defense agencies; and the enduring embeddedness of American IR in the political science discipline. To strengthen my argument, I compare American IR to its Australian counterpart on these three dimensions.
Identification and characterization of a chymotrypsin-like serine protease from periodontal pathogen, Tannerella forsythia.

Tannerella forsythia is a bacteria associated with severe periodontal disease. This study reports identification and characterization of a membrane-associated serine protease from T. forsythia. The protease was isolated from T. forsythia membrane fractions and shown to cleave both gelatin and type I collagen. The protease was able to cleave both substrates over a wide range of pH values, however optimal cleavage occurred at pH 7.5 for gelatin and 8.0 for type I collagen. The protease was also shown to cleave both gelatin and type I collagen at the average reported temperature for the gingival sulcus however it showed a lack of thermal stability with a complete loss of activity by 60 °C. When treated with protease inhibitors the enzyme's activity could only be completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors antipain and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Further characterization of the protease utilized serine protease synthetic peptides. The protease cleaved N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide but not Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) or N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val p-nitroanilide indicating that the protease is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Since type I collagen is a major component in the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament, identification and characterization of this enzyme provides important information regarding the role of T. forsythia in periodontal disease.
An evaluation of farmers’ willingness to pay for efficient irrigation for sustainable usage of resources: the GAP-Harran Plain case, Turkey

AbstractWe evaluated farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for efficient irrigation and improved water productivity with the economic benefits of sustainable use of resources in the long-run, while reducing irrigation-related problems in the GAP-Harran Plain, Turkey. The data come from a sample of 21,094 farmers; 461 of them were chosen via simple random sampling method and interviewed face to face. The Tobit regression model was used for analysis. The results indicate that the average WTP value is $133.7 per hectares comprising 8.87% of net income of farmers, whilst the total amount derived from the WTP was around 20.05 million for Harran Plain. Explanatory factors such as primary school graduates, users of modern irrigation technologies, a crop pattern involving large areas of cotton and wheat increase the WTP by 4.4, 4.3 and 3.8%, respectively. On the other hand, married farmers, property owners, gravity irrigation users and one of the index variables (indexb, measuring farmers’ perceptions about natural r...
Individual Movement of Stream Fishes: Linking Ecological Drivers with Evolutionary Processes

ABSTRACTMovement of organisms is an important activity that has ecological and evolutionary implications, including individual reproductive success and survival, population growth and persistence, local adaptation, and gene flow. Expression of movement behavior has traditionally been termed dispersal and measured relative to home ranges. This simplistic approach belies the complexity of the process. Movement of freshwater stream fish has been at times viewed as predominantly restricted in nature, but recent research challenges this paradigm since some distribution of movement exists in every population. A better research approach is to understand the drivers that promote or limit movement. Drivers of movement can be categorized as extrinsic ecological factors (context dependent), e.g., habitat quality, habitat variability, and the presence of predators, and intrinsic traits of the fish (condition dependent), such as body size and condition. One intrinsic trait that has received relatively little attention...
Testing genotypic variation of an invasive plant species in response to soil disturbance and herbivory

Herbivores, competitors, and predators can inhibit biological invasions ("biotic resistance" sensu Elton 1959), while disturbance typically promotes biological invasions. Although biotic resistance and disturbance are often considered separately in the invasion literature, these two forces may be linked. One mechanism by which disturbance may facilitate biological invasions is by decreasing the effectiveness of biotic resistance. The effects of both disturbance and biotic resistance may vary across invading genotypes, and genetic variation in the invasive propagule pool may increase the likelihood that some genotypes can overcome biotic resistance or take greater advantage of disturbance. We conducted an experimental field trial in which we manipulated soil disturbance (thatch removal and loosening soil) and the presence of insect herbivores and examined their effects on the invasion success of 44 Medicago polymorpha genotypes. As expected, insecticide reduced leaf damage and increased Medicago fecundity, suggesting that insect herbivores in this system provide some biotic resistance. Soil disturbance increased Medicago fecundity, but did not alter the effectiveness of biotic resistance by insect herbivores. We found significant genetic variation in Medicago in response to disturbance, but not in response to insect herbivores. These results suggest that the ability of Medicago to invade particular habitats depends on the amount of insect herbivory, the history of disturbance in the habitat, and how the specific genotypes in the invader pool respond to these factors.
Regulation of Taurine Biosynthesis and Its Physiological Significance in the Brain

Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), the rate-limiting enzyme in taurine biosynthesis, was found to be activated under conditions that favor protein phosphorylation and inactivated under conditions favoring protein dephosphorylation. Direct incorporation of 32P into purified CSAD has been demonstrated with [γ32P]ATP and PKC, but not PKA. In addition, the 32P labeling of CSAD was inhibited by PKC inhibitors suggesting that PKC is responsible for phosphorylation of CSAD in the brain. Okadaic acid had no effect on CSAD activity at 10 μM suggesting that protein phosphatase-2C (PrP-2C) might be involved in the dephosphorylation of CSAD. Furthermore, it was found that either glutamate- or high K+-induced depolarization increased CSAD activity as well as 32P-incorporation into CSAD in neuronal cultures, supporting the notion that the CSAD activity is endogenously regulated by protein phosphorylation in the brain. A model to link neuronal excitation, phosphorylation of CSAD and increase in taurine biosynthesis is proposed.
Early changes in cerebral autoregulation among youth hospitalized after sports-related traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine early cerebral haemodynamic changes among youth hospitalized with sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI).Study design: Youth 0–18 years admitted to a level one trauma centre with sports-related TBI were enrolled. Daily measures included clinical symptoms and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Using Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and tilt testing, we measured middle cerebral artery flow velocity (Vmca) and cerebral autoregulation index (ARI).Results: Six previously healthy males age 14 (IQR 12–16) years with headache and abnormal head CT were admitted with median admission GCS 15. Six patients underwent 12 TCD examinations between hospital days 0–9. Low Vmca occurred in 3/6 patients and on the side of TBI, whereas high Vmca occurred in 2/6 patients. Five patients had at least one measurement of impaired and five patients had absent cerebral autoregulation of at least one hemisphere; all these five patients had GCS 15 and headache during TCD examinations. Three pa...
Factors Influencing Specialty Choice in Psychiatry

A pilot study was conducted with graduating senior medical students at New Mexico regarding the reasons for their specialty choice. Findings showed that in general students chose specialties based on an idealistic conception of how they could apply their skills in the area; however, students choosing psychiatry did so with different reasons.
“One’s an Illusion: Organisms, Reference, and Non-Eliminative Nihilism”

Gabriele Contessa has recently introduced and defended a view he calls ‘non-eliminative nihilism’. Non-eliminative nihilism (NEN, henceforth) is the conjunction of mereological nihilism and non-eliminativism about ordinary objects. Mereological nihilism (nihilism) is the thesis that composite objects do not exist, where something is a composite object just in case it has proper parts. Eliminativism about ordinary objects (eliminativism) denies that ordinary objects exist. Eliminativism thus implies, for example, that there are no galaxies, planets, stars, ships, tables, books, organisms, cells, molecules, or atoms. Non-eliminativism is the denial of eliminativism. Thus, NEN is the intriguing thesis that although composite objects do not exist, ordinary objects do. In this essay, I, first, summarize Contessa’s core support for NEN. Second, I describe two flaws in that support when it comes to organismic terms (e.g., ‘amoeba’, ‘cat’, and ‘human’). Third, I consider and reject two possible responses on behalf of NEN’s defenders. Fourth, I show how the flaws cast doubt upon NEN itself. Finally, I offer reasons to think that if nihilism is true, then the folk (including scientists) have probably been trying to fix the reference of organismic terms to apparent objects within illusions.
Applications of toric systems on surfaces

Abstract In this note we apply the techniques of the toric systems introduced by Hille–Perling to several problems on smooth projective surfaces: We showed that the existence of full exceptional collection of line bundles implies the rationality for small Picard rank surfaces; we proved equivalences of several notions of cyclic strong exceptional collection of line bundles; we also proposed a partial solution to a conjecture on exceptional sheaves on weak del Pezzo surfaces.
Factors Influencing the Delivery of Pharmacy Services

This study of 590 community pharmacies examined relationships between prescription payment methods and the number of pharmacy services provided at community pharmacies. Also studied were pharmacists' perceptions regarding: (1) the importance of 24 different pharmacy services, (2) the importance of three motivating factors in providing pharmacy services, (3) satisfaction with three methods of payment for pharmacy services, and (4) agreement with factors cited in the literature as barriers to pharmaceutical care. Results revealed a significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) between the number of pharmacy services provided and the percentage of private-pay prescriptions processed. A significant (p < 0.05) inverse relationship was identified between the number of pharmacy services provided and both the percentage of prescriptions processed for third parties other than Medicaid and the percentage of all third party prescriptions processed. Financial incentives were identified as the most important motivator in providing pharmacy services. Private-pay reimbursement was significantly more satisfactory to respondents than Medicaid reimbursement, and both were more satisfactory than reimbursement by a third party other than Medicaid. The greatest perceived barriers to the provision of pharmacy services involved financial and administrative considerations. Results suggest that financial incentives play a critical role in stimulating the provision of pharmacy services.
The Origin and Early Impact of the Moore Method

(2004). The Origin and Early Impact of the Moore Method. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 111, No. 6, pp. 465-486.
Acute stressor alters inter-species microbial competition for resistant starch-supplemented medium

Gut microbiome community dynamics are maintained by complex microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions, which can be disturbed by stress. In vivo studies on the dynamics and manipulation of thos...
Energy-Aware Schedules Under Chip Reliability Constraint for Multi-Processor Systems-on-a-Chip

Even though multi-core systems are effective architectures to overcome the limitation of single-core systems, techniques to improve reliability, throughput and power consumption are highly needed. ...
Spontaneous productions of infinitive clauses by English-speaking children with and without specific language impairment.

As a group, children with specific language impairment (SLI) have presented with lower levels of proficiency with infinitive clauses relative to comparison groups with typical language (TL). The pr...
Translation of the Frailty Paradigm from Older Adults to Children with Cardiac Disease

Children and adolescents with cardiac disease (CCD) have significant morbidity and lower quality of life. However, there are no broadly applicable tools similar to the frailty score as described in the elderly, to define functional phenotype in terms of physical capability and psychosocial wellbeing in CCD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the domains of the frailty in CCD. We prospectively recruited CCD (8–17.5 years old, 70% single ventricle, 27% heart failure, 12% pulmonary hypertension; NYHA classes I, II and III) and age and gender matched healthy controls (total n = 56; CCD n = 34, controls n = 22; age 12.6 ± 2.6 years; 39.3% female). We measured the five domains of frailty: slowness, weakness, exhaustion, body composition and physical activity using developmentally appropriate methods. Age and gender-based population norms were used to obtain Z scores and percentiles for each measurement. Two-tailed t-tests were used to compare the two groups. The CCD group performed significantly worse in all five domains of frailty compared to healthy controls. Slowness: 6-min walk test with Z score −3.9 ± 1.3 vs −1.4 ± 1.3, p < 0.001; weakness: handgrip strength percentile 18.9 ± 20.9 vs 57.9 ± 26.0, p < 0.001; exhaustion: multidimensional fatigue scale percentile 63.7 ± 13.5 vs 83.3 ± 14.4, p < 0.001; body composition: height percentile 43.4 ± 29.5 vs 71.4 ± 25.2, p < 0.001, weight percentile 46.0 ± 36.0 vs 70.9 ± 24.3, p = 0.006, BMI percentile 48.4 ± 35.5 vs 66.9 ± 24.2, p = 0.04, triceps skinfold thickness 41.0 ± 24.0 vs 54.4 ± 22.1, p = 0.04; physical activity: pediatric activity questionnaire score 2 ± 0.6 vs 2.7 ± 0.6, p < 0.001. The domains of frailty can be quantified in children using developmentally appropriate methods. CCD differ significantly from controls in all five domains, supporting the concept of quantifying the domains of frailty. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to study frailty in CCD and examine if it predicts adverse health outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: The ClinicalTrials.gov identification number is NCT02999438. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02999438.
Prevention of Candida Auris Outbreak

Background Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging, multidrug-resistant fungus. Because of the difficulty of identification of this organism and its ability to spread through patient contact and environmental contamination, healthcare settings are experiencing outbreaks with this organism. Methods The Health Department (HD) contacted Infection Prevention (IP) regarding an admitted patient who had been exposed to C. auris during a hospitalization at another facility. The patient had been admitted for 5 days without isolation. The HD requested we isolate and screen the patient for C. auris. The patient was found to be colonized with C. auris. An exposure investigation was implemented. Because part of the patient's stay was on an Inpatient Rehabilitation unit, we categorized exposure risks to high and low. Patients at high risk were placed on Contact Isolation in a private room whereas patients at low risk were placed on modified Contact Isolation and were cohorted. Additionally, all affected areas were disinfected with bleach. Patients transferred from our facility to our sister facilities were screened. Patients discharged prior to screening were flagged in our IP software to be identified upon readmit for isolation and screening. We also partnered with the HD and other facilities where our patients were transferred for prevention of spread. Results A total of 104 patients were determined to be exposed. Thirty-one patients were screened with no new cases identified. Other exposed patients who were discharged from our hospital screened elsewhere were found to be negative. Conclusions Having adequate laboratory technology to identify this organism is critical to the interruption of spread. Timely notification of a potential case is important to decrease the scope of exposure. Practicing effective hand hygiene and daily environmental disinfection with an agent that has activity against C. auris are also key strategies to prevent the spread of this significant organism.
Impacts of dance on agitation and anxiety among persons living with dementia: An integrative review.

Abstract Introduction Individuals living with dementia are likely to experience one or more neuropsychiatric symptoms on a daily basis. Dance has the potential to positively impact and reduce these symptoms. This integrative review was conducted to identify the impacts of dance on agitation and anxiety among those living with dementia. Methods An integrative review methodology guided the literature search and evaluation. Thirty-Nine papers were retrieved from the initial search. Five studies were included in the review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of relevant articles. Results Three quantitative and 2 qualitative studies were reviewed. Three out of 4 studies found dance positively impacted agitation. While 1 out of 2 studies reported improvements in anxiety. Discussion This review suggests that dance has the potential to impact anxiety and agitation symptoms of persons living with dementia. However, the evidence is weak and further research is warranted.
Non-Kähler SYZ Mirror Symmetry

We study SYZ mirror symmetry in the context of non-Kahler Calabi–Yau manifolds. In particular, we study the six-dimensional Type II supersymmetric SU(3) systems with Ramond–Ramond fluxes, and generalize them to higher dimensions. We show that Fourier–Mukai transform provides the mirror map between these Type IIA and Type IIB supersymmetric systems in the semi-flat setting. This is concretely exhibited by nilmanifolds.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation and morphine transiently inhibit trigeminal pain signaling in a chronic headache model.

Introduction Chronic headache conditions are characterized by persistent sensitization of the trigeminal system, which involves dysfunction of descending pain modulation. We previously reported that noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) inhibits trigeminal nociception in models of episodic migraine through a mechanism involving enhanced serotonergic and GABAergic descending pain signaling. Objectives The analgesic effectiveness of nVNS and morphine were investigated in an animal model of chronic headache mediated by the combination of the 3 migraine risk factors of neck muscle tension, paradoxical sleep deprivation, and pungent odors. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant in the trapezius and sleep deprived for 1 night to promote trigeminal sensitization. After 7 days, animals were exposed to a pungent odor, and mechanical nocifensive head withdrawal responses were determined using von Frey filaments. Beginning on day 3 after odor exposure, animals were treated daily with either nVNS or morphine for 7 days. Results Exposure of animals sensitized by neck inflammation and sleep deprivation to a pungent odor resulted in a prolonged state of trigeminal nociception. Daily administration of nVNS or morphine significantly repressed the nocifensive response; however, cessation resulted in a return to heightened pretreatment nocifensive levels. Conclusions The combination of reported migraine risk factors promotes a state of sustained trigeminal hypersensitivity characteristic of chronic headache. Daily nVNS was similarly effective as morphine in inhibiting nociception and may represent a safer, opioid-sparing therapeutic option for other chronic pain disorders involving sensitization of the trigeminal system by promoting descending pain modulation.
Characterization of Analytic and Experimental Uncertainty of RNA-seq Co-expression Network Determination: Application to SCA2

Bioinformatics sequencing pipelines produce results that contain a degree of uncertainty which stem from a variety of sources. For example, uncertainty can arise from sampling bias during sample preparation, sequencing platform bias, alignment errors and/or mathematical uncertainty from algorithmic assumptions. While these sources are well-known, few studies exist on the overall quantitative determination of this uncertainty. Here, we report on a formal approach to characterize the effect of uncertainty on a published Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type2 (SCA2) co-expression network analysis and show how the method can be extended to other bioinformatics pipelines.To quantify the effect of uncertainty, we used a RNA sequencing dataset from a previously published study examining important hub genes and pathways in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type2 (SCA2). We systematically built 108 network analysis pipelines using three annotation databases, six alignment tools and six well-established normalization methods. We show low concordance in hub gene analysis, with few genes being identified in over 90% of all pipelines and no functional enrichment terms in all pipelines. Assessing the pipelines in aggregate, we find a new set of frequently occurring hub genes that were not identified in the original analysis. Finally, we quantify the effect of raw experimental uncertainty using estimated variations of gene expression and Monte Carlo simulations. We show that this uncertainty also can significantly affect subnetwork clustering which impacts hub gene and enrichment analysis.Our results suggest that best-practice guidelines and methodologies for uncertainty quantification are needed to create more reliable and reproducible analytical conclusions when determining co-expression.
Meniscal Pathology: Presentation and Diagnosis

Meniscal pathology is common, and symptomatic meniscal tears are a leading cause of visits to healthcare providers. Injury to the meniscus can present in many different ways, depending on the patients’ age and mechanism of injury. In this chapter we will discuss the clinical presentation, physical examination, and imaging modalities used to diagnose meniscal pathology.
Format Preferences of Performing Arts Students: A Multi-institution Study

Abstract The article describes a follow-up to Clark's 2012 examination of performing arts students' format preferences; it also explored their preferred sources for course-related information. This mixed-methods study was implemented at three institutions and included an online Qualtrics survey and focus groups. Results indicated a continued shift toward digital resources, with strong preferences for obtaining electronic journals and reference materials through the library. Print scores and books remained popular; however, students appeared more open to electronic options when compared to the 2012 results. Freely available online video and audio continued to enjoy popularity. Students want the libraries to acquire a mix of both physical and electronic resources, and they favor print books and scores.
An Examination of Efforts to Encourage the Incidence of Early In-Person Voting in Georgia, 2008

Abstract In this article we examine the effect of efforts on the part of election administrators in Georgia to compel registrants to cast ballots early in-person during the 2008 presidential election. We incorporate data collected from a survey of Georgia election administrators into a multivariate model designed to explain early in-person turnout at the county level. Our results indicate that county election officials who attempted to increase early in-person voting through advertising and outreach were successful. In addition, early in-person turnout was positively linked to voter convenience. Most previous research has examined non-precinct voting from the perspective of the consumer (voter). Our work demonstrates the need to also explore this area from the standpoint of producers (election officials) who are charged with implementation of policy. If election officials want to promote early voting, our findings indicate they should utilize a wide range of formats to familiarize their voting population ...
What We Can Know and When We Can Know It

(2001). What We Can Know and When We Can Know It. Theory & Research in Social Education: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 204-211.
An investigation of dielectric thickness scaling on BEOL TDDB

Dielectric thickness impact on Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) of Ultra-Low-κ (ULK) (κ=2.7) and porous ULK SiCOH (κ=2.55) was systematically investigated using Constant Current Stress (CCS) method on our 64nm pitch double patterned metal layers. Invariance of J2t BD suggests that the NBlock-IMD interfacial Cu diffusion is the dominant failure mechanism at stress conditions. Applying a power law dependence of J2t 63.2 on the physical spacing convincingly demonstrates that the critical Cu density required for breakdown depends on the dielectric thickness. By normalizing the Time to BreakDown (t BD ) according to each individual device's characteristic spacing, the β value obtained is much closer to expected intrinsic value. Results and analysis thus show that great care is needed when taking into account the impact of dielectric thickness scaling on calculating the total fail rate and on extrapolating current TDDB data to future technology generations, where much tighter BEOL pitch is likely needed.
The Vibrio cholerae O139 Calcutta bacteriophage CTXphi is infectious and encodes a novel repressor

CTXphi is a lysogenic, filamentous bacteriophage. Its genome includes the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxAB), one of the principal virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae; consequently, nonpathogenic strains of V. cholerae can be converted into toxigenic strains by CTXphi infection. O139 Calcutta strains of V. cholerae, which were linked to cholera outbreaks in Calcutta, India, in 1996, are novel pathogenic strains that carry two distinct CTX prophages integrated in tandem: CTX(ET), the prophage previously characterized within El Tor strains, and a new CTX Calcutta prophage (CTX(calc)). We found that the CTX(calc) prophage gives rise to infectious virions; thus, CTX(ET)phi is no longer the only known vector for transmission of ctxAB. The most functionally significant differences between the nucleotide sequences of CTX(calc)phi and CTX(ET)phi are located within the phages' repressor genes (rstR(calc) and rstR(ET), respectively) and their RstR operators. RstR(calc) is a novel, allele-specific repressor that regulates replication of CTX(calc)phi by inhibiting the activity of the rstA(calc) promoter. RstR(calc) has no inhibitory effect upon the classical and El Tor rstA promoters, which are instead regulated by their cognate RstRs. Consequently, production of RstR(calc) renders a CTX(calc) lysogen immune to superinfection by CTX(calc)phi but susceptible (heteroimmune) to infection by CTX(ET)phi. Analysis of the prophage arrays generated by sequentially integrated CTX phages revealed that pathogenic V. cholerae O139 Calcutta probably arose via infection of an O139 CTX(ET)phi lysogen by CTX(calc)phi.
Introduction: General versus specific measures and the special case of core self‐evaluations

Summary This paper introduces a Journal of Organizational Behavior point/counterpoint exchange (this issue) that focuses on the appropriate level of aggregation primarily in the assessment of personality in general and core self-evaluations (CSE) in particular. Gilad Chen reviews arguments for and against the higher-order construct of CSE, offering a number of recommendations for strengthening it. Timothy Judge and John Kammeyer-Mueller offer a defense of CSE, and then extend the discussion to the measurement of other constructs beyond the personality domain. Together these two papers provide important insights about the appropriate level of aggregation of individual measures, and situations in which higher-order versus lower-order measures might be preferred. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron Diffraction of Polymers

The structure of polymers can be studied by the various techniques of diffraction, including diffraction by X rays, electrons, and neutrons. Of these, X-ray diffraction has been most widely used because of the high accuracy in the measurement of the lattice spacings. In electron diffraction, the lattice spacings cannot be measured with an accuracy of better than about 1%. However, sample size requirements are less stringent and electron microscope imaging can be performed at the same time. Also, electron scattering is stronger than X-ray scattering, and because the specimens are often very thin, the kinematical approximation can be made and therefore intensity calculations are more reliable. Neutron diffraction is usually expensive and is therefore used only for special studies to provide unique data (see also Neutron Scattering). Keywords: electron diffraction; polymer characterization; low energy diffraction; diffraction simulation and intensities; ED; TEM specimen preparation
Cognitive aspects of Fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. It is primarily caused by the expansion of a CGG trinucleodide repeat located in the 5' untranslated region of the X-linked FMR1 gene. Individuals with FXS present with variable intellectual quotients (IQs) ranging from the average to the severe intellectual disability level. A range of neurocognitive strengths and challenges are observed in individuals with FXS. This article provides an overview of our current understanding related to cognition and FXS. Cognitive functioning levels, profiles, and IQ trajectories are discussed. Limitations of existing neuropsychological measures are described. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:501-508. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1296 This article is categorized under: Neuroscience > Cognition.
Land-Cover and Land-Use Change in the Brazilian Amazon: Smallholders, Ranchers and Frontier Stratification

Tropical deforestation is a significant driver of global environmental change, given its impacts on the carbon cycle and biodiversity. Loss of the Amazon forest, the focus of this article, is of particular concern because of the size and the rapid rate at which the forest is being converted to agricultural use. In this article, we identify what has been the most important driver of deforestation in a specific colonization frontier in the Brazilian Amazon. To this end, we consider (1) the land-use dynamics of smallholder households, (2) the formation of pasture by large-scale ranchers, and (3) structural processes of land aggregation by ranchers. Much has been written about relations between smallholders and ranchers in the Brazilian Amazon, particularly those involving conflict over land, and this article explicates the implications of such social processes for land cover. Toward this end, we draw on panel data (1996-2002) and satellite imagery (1986-1999) to show the deforestation that is attributable to small- and largeholders, and the deforestation that is attributable to aggregations of property arising from a process that we refer to as frontier stratification. Evidently, most of the recent deforestation in the study area has resulted from the household processes of smallholders, not from conversions to pasture pursuant to the appropriations of smallholders' property by well-capitalized ranchers or speculators.
Joint modeling of progression of HIV resistance mutations measured with uncertainty and failure time data.

SUMMARY. Development of HIV resistance mutations is a major cause for failure of antiretroviral treatment. This article proposes a method for jointly modeling the processes of viral genetic changes and treatment failure. Because the viral genome is measured with uncertainty, a hidden Markov model is used to fit the viral genetic process. The uncertain viral genotype is included as a time-dependent covariate in a Cox model for failure time, and an expectation-maximization algorithm is used to estimate the model parameters. This model allows simultaneous evaluation of the sequencing uncertainty and the effect of resistance mutation on the risk of virological and immunological failures. Various model checking tests are provided to assess the appropriateness of the model. Simulation studies are performed to investigate the finite-sample properties of the proposed methods, which are then applied to data collected in three phase II clinical trials testing antiretroviral treatments containing the drug efavirenz.
Gaseous Environment of the Shuttle Early in the Spacelab 2 Mission

A cold-cathode ionization gage was flown on Space Shuttle flight STS-5IF as part of the Spacelab 2 payload. Neutral pressure data that were taken in the payload bay during the first few hours on orbit are presented. These data show that when the payload bay is oriented such that the atmospheric gases are ramming into it, the pressure rises to a peak of 4 x 10 to the -6th Torr. Pressure is also slightly higher during the sunlit portion of each orbit. Outgassing of the payload bay causes the pressure to be elevated to a few times 10 to the -6th Torr early in the mission. In addition, several effects on pressure have been identified that are due to chemical releases. Substantial increases (50-150 percent) are seen during another experiment's gas purge. Orbiter chemical-release effects include: pressure increases of 200 percent up to 7 x 10 to the -6th Torr due to Orbital Maneuvering System burns, minor perturbations in pressure due to vernier thruster firings and little or no increase in pressure due to water dumps. In the case of vernier thruster firings, effects are seen only from down-firing thrusters in the back of the Orbiter, which are probably due to reflection of thruster gases off Orbiter surfaces.
Stereoselectivity in the formation of pentacarbonyl glycosylmanganese complexes

On montre que la stereoselectivite et le rendement de la condensation du pentacarbonylmanganate de Na avec les bromures de D-glucopyranosyle et D-arabinofuranosyle, peuvent etre influencees par addition de bromures au melange de reaction
Agmatine derivatives as enzyme inhibitors

Abstract Four new competitive inhibitors of trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) have been synthesized. Binding constants for forming the enzyme-inhibitor compound increase for these in the following order: tosyl- l -argininol (≅ tosyl - l - arginine ) tosylagmatine ≅ p- succinamidobenzenesulfonylagmatine acetamidobenzenesulfonylagmatine .
Direct observation of surface-trapped diffracted waves

On effectue la premiere observation directe d'un faisceau de rayons X diffractes qui n'apparait qu'a l'interface dans la geometrie de la diffraction a effleurement angulaire. Le faisceau, qui est incapable de se propager dans le volume de n'importe quelle composition de l'interface, est detecte a la surface d'un cristal de Ge. Le faisceau presente une dependance vis-a-vis du vecteur d'onde qu'on ne peut expliquer qualitativement par un modele purement cinematique de la diffusion des surfaces brutes
The Factor Structure of the Reckless Behavior Questionnaire

In this study, the relative fits of three different factor-structure models of adolescent reckless behavior were examined using the Reckless Behavior Questionnaire (RBQ) with individual samples of college and high school students. Both one- and two-factor models were found to be satisfactory representations of the RBQ with both samples. In order to test the construct validity of the one- and two-factor models, relations between instruments generally associated with reckless behavior were examined by gender. Using the two-factor model, gender differences were found for both the college and high school samples; thus, it was determined to be the more parsimonious fit of the data given previous research supporting gender differences. Findings are discussed in terms of current conceptualizations of factor patterns of adolescent problem behavior and implications for future investigations.
Effects of block lengths on the validity of block resampling methods

Resampling methods for dependent variables typically involve selecting blocks of observations. In this paper, we investigate the effects of different block lengths on the consistency of approximations generated by block bootstrap and subsampling methods. A complete description is provided for the case of sample mean. It is shown that both methods are consistent if the block length grows at a rate slower than the sample size. When the growth rate of block lengths is comparable to the sample size, the resulting approximations are no longer consistent. In the latter case, we present a detailed account of the limit behavior of these resampling distribution approximations, considered as random elements in the space of all probability measures on the real line.
In Vitro Evaluation of Benzalkonium Chloride in the Preservation of Adhesive Interfaces

Clinical Relevance Benzalkonium chloride preserves resin-dentin bonds by reducing collagen solubilization. When incorporated into adhesive blends, benzalkonium chloride provides comparable bond stability to other inhibitors and application protocols without adding more steps to the bonding sequence.
LocalC ? convergence of elliptic regularizations of parabolic equations

The solutions of elliptic regularizations of the heat equation converge to the solutions of the corresponding evolution equation in weak energy norms. The technique is of relevance in control theory as well as variational inequalities. We show that the convergence actually takes place in some Holder space. The result holds for a class of parabolic equations in divergence form and sufficiently integrable forcing terms.
The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality on Adolescent Mothers and Their Teenage Children

This project assessed the influence of religiosity and spirituality on the socioemotional and behavioral adjustment of 110 adolescent mothers and their teenage offspring at age 14. Maternal religiosity, measured prenatally and when children were 3, 5, and 8 years of age, was defined as involvement in church as well as contact with and dependence on church officials and members. Levels of spirituality, defined as religious practices and beliefs, were assessed for both mothers and their children at 14 years postpartum. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that maternal religiosity was a strong predictor of maternal and child adjustment; children’s own spirituality served as a predictor of their socioemotional adjustment as well. Furthermore, child spirituality mediated the relationship between maternal religiosity and children’s externalizing behavior. Implications for designing intervention programs with high risk families are discussed.
A doctor in the house: rationale for providing on-site urological consultation to geriatric patients in nursing health care facilities.

OBJECTIVES To establish a rationale for providing on-site urological care on a regular basis in the nursing health care center setting and to share "lessons learned," which we have garnered in providing that care over a 5-year experience. METHODS We have reviewed and assessed our experiences in providing urological outreach to nursing health care center patients. RESULTS Our outreach program has been well received both by patients and by health care center personnel. Over this time, we have capitalized on many advantages that this initiative offers, and we have gained, through this experience, several "lessons learned," not only regarding what to do, but also what to avoid. CONCLUSIONS Advantages to on-site urological care include: (1) timely, targeted clinical intervention; (2) significant disease prevention; (3) expedition of treatment; (4) health care provider education; and (5) rich opportunities for clinical investigation. In addition, the on-site urologist can provide the health care center with helpful advice and validation in meeting federal and state health care requirements. Unfortunately, to date, remuneration for such programs has been discouraging. Federal and state regulations continue to impede innovative change.