cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classification and geography of the flowering plants

Thome, Robert F. (Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711). Classification and geography of the flowering plants. Bot. Rev.58(3): 225–348. 1992.—This treatment of the flowering plants is the latest revision of my classification of the Class Angiospermae and replaces my 1983 and more recent 1992 synopses. An update is necessary because so much new information has been published in the last decade pertinent to the classification of the flowering plants. About 870 such recent books, monographs, and other botanical papers are cited in the Introduction, listed primarily by the botanical discipline that they represent. Also considerable changes in my classification have been necessitated by my narrowed family- and ordinal-gap concepts, acceptance of the ending “-anae” for superorders in place of the traditional but inappropriate “-iflorae,” and acceptance of more prior or more widely used names for the categories above the family. A new phyletic “shrub” replaces earlier versions, and attempts to indicate visually relative sizes and relationships among the superorders, orders, and suborders. One table includes a statistical summary of floweringplant taxa: ca. 233,900 species of 12,650 genera, 437 families, and 708 subfamilies and undivided families in 28 superorders, 71 orders, and 71 suborders of Angiospermae. Three other tables summarize the known indigenous distribution of the families and subfamilies of angiosperms about the world. The synopsis lists the flowering plant taxa from the class down to the subfamily (and in Asteraceae down to the tribe) with indication of the degree of confidence I place in the circumscription and placement of each category above the subfamily, the best available estimates of the number of genera and species for each category, and the known indigenous distribution of each subfamily and family. Table V lists alphabetically the geographical abbreviations used in the synopsis. The extensive bibliography of recent literature should be helpful to those persons interested in the classification of the flowering plants.
A 45GHz AlGaAs/GaAs HBT IC Technology without Ion-Implantation

A 45GHz HBT IC technology with 1.4THz Schottky diodes is described. The process is mesa isolated and implant-free. The process integrates NiCr resistors, MIM capacitors and air-bridge inductors. A divide-by-eight prescaler shows good performance up to 13.5GHz. A pulser circuit using the Schottky diodes produced a voltage pulse with 10.35ps rise time.
Diurnal variation of rat liver enzymes catalyzing bile acid conjugation and sulfation

Abstract This study investigated the diurnal variation in the activity of the hepatic enzymes catalyzing conjugation and sulfation of bile acids. A circadian rhythm was noted in cholic acid: CoA ligase and glycolithocholate sulfotransferase activity. There was no diurnal variation in lithocholate sulfotransferase activity raising the possibility of multiple bile acid sulfotransferases in liver.
Social interaction in the peer group: Relationship to perceptions of parenting and to children's interpersonal awareness and problem-solving ability

Abstract The rates at which 56 preschoolers dispensed positive and negative behaviors toward peers were recorded during classroom free play. The Borke Empathy Scale and the Preschool Interpersonal Problem-Solving Test were administered to the children. The children's mothers and fathers were asked to complete the Iowa Parenting Inventory. Analyses focused on the association between parental modes of functioning and children's peer-group behaviors, and on the association between peer-group behavior and interpersonal awareness and interpersonal problem-solving ability. The analyses indicated that maternal involvement and reasoning guidance and paternal reasoning guidance were significant predictors of children's positive behaviors directed at peers. Maternal reasoning guidance showed an inverse relationship with negative behaviors directed at peers. Interpersonal awareness, but not problem-solving ability, was an effective predictor of behavior with peers. The data reflect the need to examine peer-group social competence from a multifaceted perspective. Implications of the findings for the development of intervention strategies and parent-teacher relations are suggested.
Transcription from a plant gene promoter in animal cells

The promoter segment of a plant gene (maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh 1)) has been fused to two bacterial reporter genes, Ecogpt (1) and neo (2), in pSV2-derived vectors and introduced into cultured mammalian cells by DNA transfection. The pAdh1-gpt plasmids transformed the recipient cells for resistance to mycophenolic acid plus xanthine (3) and the analogous pAdh1-neo plasmid transformed cells to G418 resistance (2). S1 analysis of transient transfections of CV1 cells with various derivatives of pAdh1-gpt confirmed that production of gpt mRNA is initiated at the Adh1 promoter at and near the same site used in transcription of the intact Adh1 gene in maize. Moreover, expression of the Adh1 promoter was increased 10-20 fold if the SV40 early region enhancer sequence was included in the same molecule.
Effects of prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione on metabolism and performance in transition dairy cows.

Abstract Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are potent synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ that have been shown previously to reduce plasma nonesterified fatty acids and increase peripartal dry matter intake (DMI) in dairy cows. Data from Holstein cows (n = 36) entering their second or greater lactation were used to determine whether late prepartum administration of TZD would affect periparturient metabolism, milk production, and ovarian activity. Cows were administered 0, 2.0, or 4.0mg of TZD/kg of BW by intrajugular infusion once daily from 21 d before expected parturition until parturition. Plasma samples were collected daily from 22 d before expected parturition through 21 d postpartum and twice weekly from wk 4 through 9 postpartum. In response to increasing TZD dosage, plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations decreased linearly during the postpartum period (d 0 to +21: 348, 331, 268±31μEq/L, respectively). Plasma concentrations of glucose were highest in cows administered 4.0mg of TZD/kg of BW during the peripartum and postpartum periods (d −7 to +7: 57.9, 57.8, 61.1±0.8 mg/dL and d 0 to +21: 51.6, 49.3, 54.7±1.1 mg/dL, respectively). Plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were increased during the peripartum period by TZD administration (9.6, 9.9, 10.2±0.3 mg/dL) but were not affected during the postpartum period. Plasma insulin was not affected by treatment during any time period. Postpartum liver triglyceride content was decreased linearly (11.0, 10.4, 4.2±1.6%) and glycogen content was increased linearly (2.16, 2.38, 2.79±0.19%) by prepartum TZD administration. Prepartum TZD administration linearly increased DMI during the peripartum period (d −7 to +7: 16.1, 17.2, 17.3±0.5 kg/d). Cows administered TZD prepartum maintained higher postpartum body condition scores than control cows (wk 1 through 9: 2.77, 2.89, 3.02±0.05). There was no effect of prepartum TZD on milk yield; however, yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (52.2, 54.6, 48.0±1.6 kg/d) and most other milk components were decreased in cows that received 4.0mg of TZD/kg of BW prepartum. Prepartum TZD administration linearly decreased the number of days to first ovulation (29.3, 28.3, 19.0±3.6 d). These results suggest that prepartum administration of TZD improves metabolic health and DMI of periparturient dairy cows and may decrease reliance on body fat reserves during early lactation.
Finite-temperature calculations of correlated electron systems

Abstract We describe a quantum Monte Carlo approach to study finite-temperature properties of correlated fermion systems. The algorithm retains advantages of the standard auxiliary-field formalism, which is widely applied in areas spanning condensed-matter, high-energy, and nuclear physics, while eliminating the sign decay that is the signature of the fermion sign problem. It allows simulations at larger system sizes and lower temperatures. The sign decay is eliminated by imposition of an approximate boundary condition in auxiliary-field space. We discuss the analytical origin of the boundary condition and illustrate its implementation by highlighting the similarities to a diffusion process with absorption.
Overview of DARPA carbon electronics for RF applications Program (CERA)

The graphene material system has become the subject of intense research recently due to its potentially unique properties relevant to a wide variety of technologies such as electronics, photonics and thermal management. A key challenge in realizing the potential of this interesting new material is the achievement of controllable wafer-scale synthesis of high quality graphene films. This is the objective of the DARPA CERA Program which I will give an overview of in this talk. In addition to graphene synthesis, CERA targets the development of graphene channel RF-transistors and key amplifier components such as LNA's. For these applications, a significant bandgap is not required.
Exploring intercultural communication through literature and film

Abstract: Students of intercultural communication have utilized almost exclusively the writings of social scientists. Literature (prose fiction, poetry and biography) and film have been little used except to illustrate what social scientists have discussed. The potential of literature and film for our understanding of intercultural relations is conisderable, however, and can be explored both through the analysis of cultural patterns expressed in the works, and in the analysis of intercultural themes, of conflicts and resolutions by the characters, in novels, biographies and films. A recent study of the latter kind identified several significant ‘coping mechanisms’ of ethnic minorities in the United States which distinguished those who prevailed in a world of cultural pressures from those who did not. Such attitudes and abilities had been overlooked in the methods and goals of most social-science writings. Moreover, there is evidence that literature majors in college have performed better in some intercultural encounters—as US Peace Corps volunteers—than have graduates of programs in the social or physical sciences. There are many problems, however, in drawing upon literature and film. One problem is the possibility for gross distortion of a people by a writer or filmmaker whose audience has no means of checking against reality. These images, in fact, can receive such wide acceptance that future audiences expect to have this image confirmed in subsequent works (‘standardization of error’). Even very good works, when they achieve the status of ‘classics’, lead readers and audiences to want more books and films which reconfirm a simplified and outdated image. This works against smaller, poorer and non-English-speaking societies especially, as only those works which fit the expectations of English-speaking readers or viewers elsewhere are likely to be translated and published or produced. Literature allows for a much more varied manner of story telling than does the conventional social-science genre. It allows for more varied points of view, more emotional involvement, and the taking of a stand on issues; in addition, it can draw upon all of the resources that evoke an experience rather than being about experiences. We need to utilize more fully the power of the image and word in our understanding of intercultural communication.
MAINTENANCE OF SOME MARINE FILTER FEEDERS ON BEEF HEART EXTRACT

When considering eating habits of marine filter feeding invertebrates, the classical model of energy transfer through various trophic levels is not always valid. Filter feeders can feed directly on many different nutrients ranging from dissolved organics to large Zooplankton, Furthermore, adaptations of feeding and digestive structures along with experimental evidence indicates that different classes of nutrients are utilized more efficiently by different filter feeders. For example, after some pre-oral screening, pelecypods ingest a variety of living and inert microscopic and sub-microscopic particles. Breakdown of the particles and extraction of the nutrients takes place in a complexly structured digestive system which varies in its morphology in different families probably as a result of adaptive plasticity (Morton, 1960). On the other hand, the pogonophores have evolved into a phylum with no digestive system; these invertebrates derive much of their energy from dissolved nutrients which are absorbed directly from solution along the entire body surface (Southward & Southward, 1970; Little and Gupta, 1968). Other filter feeders fall intermediate between these two groups in their digestive and food gathering adaptations.
Respiratory obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy in HIV disease

A 33 year old female with Human Immunodeficiency Disease (HIV) presented with upper respiratory obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Treatment with radiation therapy rather than surgery produced an excellent response.
Adducin: a Physical Model with Implications for Function in Assembly of Spectrin-Actin Complexes

Adducin binds to spectrin-actin complexes, promotes association of spectrin with actin, and is subject to regulation by calmodulin as well as protein kinases A and C. Adducin is a heteromer comprised of homologous α- and β-subunits with an NH2-terminal protease-resistant head domain, connected by a neck region to a COOH-terminal hydrophilic, protease-sensitive region. This study provides evidence that adducin in solution is a mixture of heterodimers and tetramers. CD spectroscopy of COOH-terminal domains of α- and β-adducin bacterial recombinants provides direct evidence for an unstructured random coil configuration. Cross-linking, proteolysis, and blot-binding experiments suggest a model for the adducin tetramer in which four head domains contact one another to form a globular core with extended interacting α- and β-adducin tails. The site for binding to spectrin-actin complexes on adducin was identified as the COOH-terminal tail of both the α- and β-adducin subunits. The capacity of native adducin to recruit spectrin to actin filaments is similar to that of adducin tail domains. Thus, adducin tail domains alone are sufficient to interact with F-actin and a single spectrin and to recruit additional spectrin molecules to the ternary complex.
Time-domain QFT based on fixed points and homotopic invariance in L∞

The quantitative feedback theory (QFT) developed by I. M. Horowitz is of recent widespread interest. An extension of traditional feedback principles, QFT provides design methods in the frequency domain yielding prescribed hard constraints on the amplitudes of tracking errors in the time domain. These methods prove significantly more effective than those of the more modern LQ, H2, and H∞ theories. Inherent in QFT, however, are several adverse features, in particular, a frequency and time relationship that is partially heuristic, a design process that is highly graphic, and a treatment of SISO, MIMO, linear, and non-linear systems that is somewhat case-dependent. An alternative QFT circumventing these features is the focus of this paper. An alternative deriving from a general formulation in the time domain alone, providing a unified set of amplitude- and computer-oriented design criteria, and yielding prescribed, fully analytic constraints on tracking errors is considered. Specifically, we formulate system ...
Diurnal variations in serum testosterone concentrations in the adult male rhesus monkey.

This study confirms the occurrence of a nocturnal increase in serum testosterone in male rhesus monkeys and compares the diurnal pattern with that of the gonadotropic hormones. 6 castrated and 6 intact adult male rhesus monkeys were tested. Blood samples were collected by femoral venipuncture; LH FSH and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay with the testosterone levels determined without chromatography. Physiological levels of testosterone were achieved in orchidectomized males with sc implantation of silastic capsules containing crystalline testosterone. In intact monkeys levels of testosterone showed a threefold diurnal variation with peak levels of 17 ng/ml at 9 p.m. Castrated males did not show this variation. Correlated variations in circulating LH were not observed. In castrated males with silastic implants serum levels of testosterone were constant . FSH was either undetectable or showed no correlation with the testosterone pattern in any of the animals. Results suggest that the daily shifts in testosterone concentration are due to changes in testicular secretion rate. Only the castrated monkeys showed a significant nocturnal elevation of serum LH. This suggests that in normal males increases in circulating LH not detected by methods used may account for the nocturnal rise in serum testosterone levels.
Plasma lactate and incident hypertension in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that insufficient oxidative capacity or mitochondrial dysfunction may play a causal role in the development of high blood pressure. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in the general population. We hypothesized that lactate, a measure of oxidative capacity, would be positively associated with incident hypertension even after accounting for traditional hypertension risk factors. METHODS Plasma lactate was measured in 5,554 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with no subclinical or diagnosed hypertension at baseline (1996-1998). Incident hypertension was defined by self-report or hypertension medication use. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The mean age was 61.9 years, and the mean lactate was 0.8 mmol/L. During a median follow-up period of 11.9 years (range = 26.9 days to 13.4 years), there were 3,849 new cases of hypertension. The fourth quartile of lactate (compared with the first quartile) was associated with an elevated risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.31) even after adjustment for traditional risk factors, including baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This association was stronger when the population was restricted to participants with normal blood pressure (<120mm Hg/<80mm Hg; HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.23-1.63). In strata of sex, the association was strong in women vs. null in men (P interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Plasma lactate is associated with incident hypertension in women, especially with a normal blood pressure (<120mm Hg/<80mm Hg). Future studies should elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations.
Progress in high field accelerator magnet development by the US LHC Accelerator Research Program

The maximum magnetic field available to guide and focus the proton beams will be the most important factor driving the design of the High Energy LHC. The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is a collaboration of US National Laboratories aiming at demonstrating the feasibility of Nb3Sn magnet technology for application to future colliders. While LARP is primarily focused on the requirements of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), it is also directly relevant to the High-Energy LHC (HELHC). Program results and future directions will be discussed.
Integrating justice constructs into the turnover process : a test of a referent cognitions model

In the model tested, we posit that employees' outcome and supervisor satisfaction result from referent outcomes, justifications, and the likelihood of amelioration. These satisfaction facets are then related to turnover through withdrawal cognitions. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the fit of this model and alternatives. Although the original model had a good fit, a competing model provided a better one, with most hypothesized relationships supported. The implications of accepting the alternative model over the original are discussed.
Intraoperative brachytherapy following thoracoscopic wedge resection of stage I lung cancer.

Study objectives Local recurrence is high when sublobar resection is chosen as primary management of stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma. Postoperative external-beam radiotherapy may reduce this local recurrence problem. A technique of intraoperative brachyradiotherapy following thoracoscopic wedge resection is described as an alternative to adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy for high-risk patients who are not candidates for pulmonary lobectomy. Patients Fourteen patients with significant impairment in cardiopulmonary function having small peripheral solitary pulmonary nodules underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) wedge resection and were found to have non-small cell cancer. Surgical margins were pathologically clear and mediastinal nodes were benign—stage I (TINO). Interventions A custom polyglyconate mesh (Vicryl) containing 125 I seeds was applied to pulmonary resection margins following wedge resection of peripheral lung cancers. A total dose of 100 to 120 Gy at 1 cm was applied to the target area. Results All patients had histologically clear surgical margins. Postoperative dosimetry confirmed adequate resection margin coverage. There was neither operative mortality nor morbidity related to the VATS wedge resection or the brachytherapy implants. Implants did not migrate, and there were no cases of significant radiation pneumonitis or local recurrence at mean follow-up of 7 months (range, 2 to 12 months). Conclusions Intraoperative brachytherapy appears to be a safe and efficient alternative to external-beam radiation therapy when adjuvant radiotherapy is considered following therapeutic wedge resection of stage I (TINO) lung cancers. The impact on local recurrence, disease-free interval, and survival will require additional follow-up.
Organoboranes for synthesis : Oxidation of organoboranes with alkaline hydrogen peroxide as a convenient route for the cis- hydration of alkenes via hydroboration

Abstract Aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of dilute alkali effects the oxidation of organoboranes. The conditions necessary for a clean and quantitative transformation of organoboranes into the corresponding alcohols have been established. Thus, one mole of trialkylborane reacts with three moles of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of one mole of sodium hydroxide to provide three moles of the corresponding alcohol. The concentrations of these reagents or the reaction temperature can be varied widely without affecting the yield significantly. Oxidation proceeds well in water-miscible solvents, such as diglyme and THF. However, the reaction is slow and incomplete in diethyl ether. The addition of ethanol as a cosolvent circumvents this difficulty. Wide variations in the structure of organoboranes do not affect the reaction greatly. A variety of common organic functional groups, such as alkenes, alkynes, esters, ketones, nitriles, etc., are unaffected under the normal oxidation conditions. However, aldehydes are somewhat unstable under these conditions, although they do not interfere with the oxidation of organoboranes
A simulation evaluation of optimistic replicated filing in mobile environments

Optimistic replication of data is becoming increasingly popular in mobile environments, but its performance and scaling characteristics are not well understood. This paper presents a simulation evaluation of optimistic replicated filing in a mobile environment. We first compare full and selective optimistic replication systems to capture the properties required for scaling. We then show that the presence of portable computers in optimistically replicated filing systems achieves a 60-percent cost reduction (e.g., computing resources) with only a 10-percent degradation of service quality (e.g., consistency of data perceived by users). This finding reveals certain similarities between the network disconnection interval and frequency of data synchronization. The research suggests new guidelines for design of optimistic replication systems.
Enhanced second harmonic generation from Au nanoparticle arrays by femtosecond laser irradiation

Ultrafast laser irradiation of planar Au nanoparticle arrays is shown to double the particle plasmon quality factor and to enhance second harmonic generation 40-fold. It is found that the irradiation induces a morphological change of nano-cylinders into asymmetric droplet-like shapes with reduced surface roughness without altering their lithographically defined locations. These findings can be used to improve the performance of linear and nonlinear plasmonic devices.
TrustBuilder: negotiating trust in dynamic coalitions

Automated trust negotiation is an approach to establishing trust across security domains in a dynamic coalition in real time. This is accomplished through the use of access control policies that specify what combinations of digital credentials a stranger must disclose to gain access to a coalition resource. TrustBuilder, a system for negotiating trust in dynamic coalitions, is being designed and implemented in the Internet Security Research Laboratory at Brigham Young University. The TrustBuilder architecture incorporates trust negotiation into standard network technologies. This paper describes the technology in the current TrustBuilder prototype.
Direct Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Poultry Hatchery Samples

A rapid, sensitive, and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the direct detection of Campylobacter in environmental samples from hatcheries. PCR, with a set of primers specific for the Campylobacter flaA short variable region (SVR), detected the presence of Campylobacter in both fluff and eggshell samples; however, a determination of whether the organism was living or dead could not be made. Conventional cultural methods detected no Campylobacter from the same samples. An additional benefit of the direct PCR assay is it allows for the production of a product that can be sequenced to provide further epidemiologic information.
A millimeter-wave scaled measurement system for wireless channel characterization

In this paper, a scaled measurement system designed for wireless channel characterization is proposed and discussed, and experimental results are reported. The system consists of a vector network analyzer, miniaturized W-band transmitter and receiver probes, scaled buildings, and a precise computer-controlled positioner. The scaled propagation measurement system is designed to operate coherently at the 90.8-92.8-GHz band, and it provides a dynamic range of 85 dB. As the measurement wavelength in this system (/spl cong/3 mm) is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than the actual wavelength in most commercial and military wireless systems, a typical dimension of the propagation environment can be smaller than the actual environment proportionally. Hence, propagation measurements can be done very efficiently under laboratory conditions using a scaled model of a city block. This system is intended for verifying the results of wave-propagation prediction software. It can also be used to investigate scattering models for different types of buildings and complex objects, data collection for wireless communication, and many other studies such as diversity methods (frequency and polarization).
Molecular determinants of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1B trafficking.

Abstract The metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 undergoes alternative splicing to generate isoforms differing in C-terminal sequence. The mechanism by which these isoforms give different functional responses to agonists in vitro is so far unclear. Using the native mGluR1 and CD2-mGluR1 chimeric molecules, as well as their C-terminal truncations and mutants, we identified an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys within the C-terminal sequence of mGluR1b. Its presence results in a much reduced cell surface expression of the receptor and chimeric molecules in cell lines and their restricted trafficking in neurones. This motif is also present in the C-terminus of mGluR1a, but its effect is overcome by a region of the mGluR1a-specific C-terminal sequence (amino acids 975–1098). Our results indicate that these splice variants of mGluR1 utilize different targeting pathways and suggest that this may be a general phenomenon in the metabotropic glutamate receptor gene family.
NWS modernizing its data collection system

The National Weather Service (NWS) is modernizing its systems for collecting and processing the upper-air information used to make weather predictions. The program will take 5 years and cost $6.5 million. Under the program, NWS will convert from a manual to an automatic system for entering the data collected at its 114 nationwide field stations into minicomputers for processing. Electronic systems at the field stations will be converted from vacuum tubes to solid state. The NWS field stations track weather and receive data for processing from balloon-lofted radio devices, called radiosondes. The radiosonde consists of sensors that detect temperature, relative humidity, and pressure at altitudes of 90,000 feet or higher.
In Vitro Covalent Binding of 3-[14C]Methylindole Metabolites in Goat Tissues

Covalent binding of 3-(/sup 14/C)methylindole (3(/sup 14/C)MI) in crude microsomal preparations of goat lung, liver, and kidney was measured to determine if a reactive intermediate was formed during the in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole (3MI). The bound radioactivity was highest in lung compared to liver and kidney. The amount of bound radioactivity per nanomole of cytochrome P-450 was approximately 10 times higher in the lung compared to the liver. No detectable bound radioactivity was found when 3-(/sup 3/H)methyloxindole was used as the substrate. Cofactor requirements and the effects of inhibitors indicate that a mixed function oxidase (MFO) system is involved in formation of a reactive intermediate. Inhibitors and conjugating agents that are known to reduce the severity of 3MI-induced lung injury such as piperonyl butoxide (MFO inhibitor) and glutathione (conjugating agent) significantly decreased the in vitro binding of 3(/sup 14/C)MI. The results indicate that a reactive intermediate is produced during the metabolism of 3MI by the MFO system. The organ specificity in binding suggests that covalent binding by lung microsomes may be related to the mechanism of 3MI-induced lung injury.
Beam manipulation with an RF dipole

Coherent betatron motion adiabatically excited by an RF dipole has been successfully employed to overcome strong intrinsic spin depolarization resonances in the AGS, while a solenoid partial snake has been used to correct imperfection spin resonances. The experimental results showed that a full spin flip was obtained in passing through an intrinsic spin resonance when all the beam particles were forced to oscillate coherently at a large amplitude without diluting the beam emittance. With this method, we have successfully accelerated polarized beam up to 23.5 GeV/c. A new type of second order spin resonances was also discovered. As a non-destructive manipulation, this method can also be used for nonlinear beam dynamics studies and beam diagnosis such as measuring phase advance and betatron amplitude function.
Effects of Imagent® on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in dogs

Imagent is an IV injected contrast echocardiography agent designed to image the left ventricle after traversing the pulmonary circulation. We examined the effect of Imagent on pulmonary function by injecting either Imagent (n = 8) or equivalent volume of saline (n = 7) IV in randomly ordered 1, 8 and 16 mg/kg doses in dogs with preexisting pulmonary hypertension. We found that Imagent had no effects on cardiac output, pulmonary gas exchange, lung wet:dry ratio or static compliance. However, the 16 mg/kg dose of Imagent increased both pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) transiently by an average of 5.7 mmHg (p < 0.05) 2 to 3 min after injection and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 5.9 mmHg per l/min (p < 0.05) 4 min after injection before returning to preinjection levels. The lower doses of Imagent did not affect PAP or PVR. These results imply that the approved clinical dose of Imagent (0.125 mg/kg) will not affect pulmonary hemodynamics, gas exchange or mechanical properties in dogs with preexisting pulmonary hypertension.
Intestinal Adaptation after Extensive Small Bowel Resection: Differential Changes in Growth and Insulin- Like Growth Factor System Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Jejunum and Ileum*

The distal small bowel exhibits greater adaptive growth than proximal segments after partial small intestine resection. To explore this process, we evaluated adaptive cellularity, intestinal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, and effects of recombinant IGF-I treatment in jejunum and ileum of adult rats. Gastrostomy-fed animals underwent 80% jejuno-ileal resection or intestinal transection and reanastomosis without resection, followed by infusion of human recombinant IGF-I (2.4 mg/kgXday) or vehicle. After 7 days, resected rats demonstrated modest adaptive growth in jejunum and marked cell proliferation in ileum. Resection increased IGF-I mRNA in both jejunum (183%) and ileum (249%) and up-regulated IGFBP-4 mRNA levels in both tissues. IGFBP-3 mRNA fell significantly in ileum after resection. IGF-I infusion modestly increased ileal cellularity after resection, but had no effect in jejunum. IGF-I markedly increased IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in jejunum after both transection and resection. These data confirm that bowel resection induces greater adaptive growth in ileum than jejunum. IGF-I administration modestly increases ileal, but not jejunal, growth after resection. Increased levels of intestinal IGF-I and IGFBP-4 mRNA suggest roles for IGF-I and IGFBP-4 in mediating small bowel adaptation. Higher levels of jejunal IGFBP-3 mRNA may be related to limited jejunal vs. ileal growth after extensive jejuno-ileal resection.
Some factors affecting the oral rabies vaccination of free-ranging carnivores

Summary: Conditions which affect the outcome of oral rabies vaccination programs include environmental factors, and the behaviour, population densities and dynamics of target and non-target species. Examples are given from recent research and the literature.
Role of and Indications for Bypass Surgery After Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS)

Bypass surgery falls into 2 distinct categories: flow augmentation and flow preservation. Flow augmentation aims to restore flow to hypoperfused brain territories in patients with steno-occlusive diseases.1 Flow preservation aims to replace the blood flow provided by a major intracranial vessel, the occlusion of which is necessary for treating an underlying disease, such as an aneurysm or a tumor.2,3 Flow augmentation bypass has been critically studied in randomized clinical trials (RCTs),4–6 most recently the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS)5 and the Japanese Adult Moyamoya (JAM) trial,6 whereas flow preservation bypass remains a niche procedure because of its rare indication.2,3,7,8 In this review, we aim both to critically summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of cerebral bypass surgery because the publication of COSS and to present possible future directions for surgical cerebral revascularization. ### Bypass Technique Beyond the underlying disease and the consequent aim that defines the 2 categories of bypass (see above), several other criteria are used to classify bypass constructs. A well-known classification is the distinction into direct versus indirect revascularization procedures or the combination of both.9,10 Direct bypasses consist of direct anastomosis between a donor artery and an intracranial recipient artery. A direct bypass has the advantage of instantly delivering blood flow to the brain.1,2,7 Indirect techniques rely on the overlay of vascularized tissue (ie, muscle, dura, pericranium, omentum) onto the cerebral cortex to promote neoangiogenesis over time and achieve a delayed revascularization.10,11 Combined procedures consist of the combination of direct and indirect techniques in the same surgical session.10 According to the origin of the donor artery, direct bypass is further categorized into extracranial-to-intracranial (EC–IC) versus intracranial-to-intracranial (IC–IC). Furthermore, the …
Backcalculation of Swollen Crumb Rubber Modulus in Asphalt Rubber Binder and Its Relation to Performance

A method is presented to estimate the engineering properties of swollen rubber particles within crumb rubber–modified (CRM) asphalt binders. It was observed that the backcalculated modulus of swollen rubber within the CRM asphalt binder was related to performance. Thus improper mixing temperatures as well as interaction times could lead to the insufficient swelling of rubber and to a performance worse than anticipated in CRM asphalt mixtures. The backcalculated modulus of the rubber within the CRM asphalt could be used as a quality control tool, which could be measured during construction. An experimental approach was taken to investigate the mechanisms of interaction between the asphalt binders and crumb rubber and their effect on the modulus of the rubber within the CRM asphalt binder. The experimental program included dynamic shear modulus (|G*|) as well as linear amplitude sweep tests. These tests were performed on neat binder, CRM binders mixed at three temperatures, neat binder mixed at these three ...
Local Linear Controllability and Observability Analysis of Nonlinear Systems with Continuation Methods

Special care is required to ensure proper operation of linear control methods to regulate a nonlinear parameter-dependent system under all operating conditions. The local controllability and observability at the regulated equilibrium point of such systems change as setpoints and other system parameters are varied. In this paper, a numerical method is developed that reveals how such parameters affect local linear controllability and observability. The analysis method provides a systematic approach to scan the operational envelope for regions of reduced controllability or observability of the linearized system instead of analyzing only a few distinct equilibrium points. If an equilibrium point with linearly uncontrollable or unobservable dynamics is found, the method can furthermore determine for which other parameter combinations this point exists. The method is based on the solution of the equilibrium equations in the presence of equality constraints on the eigenvectors of the linearized system with continuation methods. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the type of results that can be obtained. First, the linear controllability of a simple two-state system is analyzed, and certain input-parameter combinations for which the system becomes linearly uncontrollable are identified. Second, the Phugoid mode controllability of NASA’s Generic Transport Model from two different subsets of the aircraft’s inputs is investigated over a range of trim conditions.
Paleogene postcompressional intermontane basin evolution along the frontal Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt of southwestern Montana

The Paleogene Renova Formation is the earliest record of postcompressional sedimentation within and adjacent to the Helena Salient of the Cordilleran fold-and-thrust belt in southwestern Montana. Paleocurrent and compositional data from basin-margin facies document radiating paleodispersal away from high-relief (≥2 km) highlands coincident with modern mountainous areas. Source rocks within the paleohighlands included the same Archean metamorphic; Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary; and Mesozoic plutonic and vo l canic rocks as exposed in modern uplifts. Paleocurrent and compositional data from trunk fluvial conglomerates and sandstones document the existence of an interbasinal drainage system that connected the Three Forks, western Gallatin, and Townsend Basins with headwaters farther to the west and southwest near the present-day Montana-Idaho border. Overall, the distribution of Paleogene mountainous areas and basins closely resembled modern geography, and the Paleogene drainage network was strikingly similar to the modern Missouri River headwater system. The Renova Formation records the early stages of decay of the Cordilleran orogenic belt, including the evolution of a complex intermontane basin network in southwestern Montana. High-energy Late Cretaceous to early Eocene fluvial systems carved deep, large-scale paleovalleys into the orogenic wedge along zones of structural and stratigraphic weakness. At least a 5 km thickness of overburden was removed during this time. Incision was temporally correlative with early Cenozoic regional uplift and subtropical climatic conditions. Subsequent deposition of the Renova Formation was temporally correlative with the cessation of uplift, the initiation of crustal extension, and climatic cooling. However, extension is not interpreted to have played a major role in earliest basin development.
Estimating biomass of benthic kelp forest invertebrates from body size and percent cover data

The inability to compare different measures of species abundance (such as density and percent cover) or different metrics of species biomass (such as wet mass and ash-free dry mass) hampers quantitative studies of community dynamics, trophic interactions, energy flow and biodiversity. This has been especially problematic for the dynamic and highly productive communities inhabiting shallow reefs in temperate seas where varied metrics are commonly used to characterize the abundance and biomass of different suites of species. To facilitate the conversion of abundance data into common metrics of biomass, we developed quantitative relationships between wet mass and length and wet mass and percent cover, and conversion factors for transforming wet mass into dry mass, shell-free and decalcified dry mass, and ash-free dry mass for 84 species of benthic macroinvertebrates common to giant kelp forests in southern California. Regressions for all 84 species were highly significant, and regression fits were very good for most species. Interspecific differences between regression slopes and in the ratios used to convert one metric of mass into another varied by as much as an order of magnitude among species within the same taxonomic group indicating that caution should be used when attempting to estimate biomass using generic relationships or ratios that were developed for other species, even if those species are closely related.
Temporal Variability in Flaring Emissions in the Houston–Galveston Area

Recent studies performed in the Houston–Galveston–Brazoria (HGB) area indicate that some industrial air pollutant emission sources exhibit high temporal variability that can lead to very rapid ozone formation, especially when emissions include highly reactive volatile organic compounds. This motivated the collection of a unique data set of air pollutant emissions, from industrial facilities, reported with an hourly time resolution. The industrial flares portion of this data set was utilized in this work to characterize and model the highly variable temporal patterns of flare emissions at petrochemical facilities. Petrochemical and chemical manufacturing flares were grouped into categories based on industrial process they service, chemical composition of the flared gas, and the temporal patterns of their emissions. Stochastic models were developed for each categorization of flare emissions and provide representative temporal profiles for flares in specific types of operations in the petrochemical and chemi...
The Effect of Parent Anxiety on Treatment Acceptability and Retention of Diagnostic Feedback

This study examined the effect of parent anxiety on treatment acceptability and retention of diagnostic feedback. Mothers (N = 187) of children ages 2 to 14 years recruited primarily through online parenting groups were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes that varied on ambiguity of diagnostic label (low vs. high) and ambiguity of diagnostic feedback (low vs. high). Participants completed measures of state and trait anxiety, retention of feedback, and treatment acceptability. Mothers reporting high trait anxiety endorsed greater treatment acceptability (F = 11.57, p = .001, ηp2 = .09). Those reporting high state anxiety retained more information, t(84.96) = −5.35, p < .001, Cohen’s d = .99. A significant interaction emerged between trait anxiety and diagnostic label on parent satisfaction (F = 4.95, p = .028, ηp2 = .04). Results suggest that parent anxiety may affect retention and likelihood of pursuing treatment. Future research is needed to investigate whether differences in parent anxiety transl...
Long-term success with the national health objective for influenza vaccination - An institution-wide model

Purpose:To assess the long-term effectiveness of an influenza vaccination program. Setting:725-bed university-affiliated VA teaching hospital providing care to over 35,000 outpatients. Design and subjects:500 randomly selected outpatients were surveyed following each immunization season using a validated, self-administered, postcard questionnaire. Program description:The institution-wide program, designed to function automatically and to be independent of physician initiative, emphasizes organizational and patient-oriented educational strategies: 1) a hospital policy allowing nurses to vaccinate without a physician’s order; 2) a walk-influ shot clinic; 3) reminders on clinic progress notes; and 4) an educational mailing to all outpatients. The program was initiated in 1987 and has been maintained for each subsequent immunization season. Results:The response rate was over 75% for each of the four years in which there were two mailings. The response rate for 1988–1989, in which there were three mailings, was over 85%. Approximately 70% of the respondents were at high risk for influenza and its complications. Vaccination rates for these high-risk outpatients have been sustained at over 58% for each immunization season. The program is well received by the hospital staff and now functions on autopilot each year. Conclusion:This highly successful institution-wide influenza vaccination program can be sustained long-term. Elements of this program may help others take advantage of opportunities for influenza prevention.