cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Dialogical View of the Emergence of Chicana Feminist Discourse1

I argue that a convergent dialogical approach to the understanding of social movement discourse drawn from sociology and feminist studies is best suited for understanding challenges made by dissenters within social movements. I analyze “second wave” Chicana feminism which arose in the 1960s and 1970s. I first discuss two dialogical approaches in social movement and feminist theory to understand the strategies that challengers within already oppositional movements use to confront locally hegemonic discourse. Chicana feminists built their arguments on established Chicano movement practice and values, but transformed/inverted the meanings of movement concepts and appropriated movement practices to their own newly forming feminist ends. In conclusion, I explore what the case of discursive strategies in Chicana feminism tells us about the creation of blind spots in movement discourse and what dialogical approaches can offer vis-a-vis an understanding of discourse's role in movement fragmentation.
Variable floral phenology: temporal resource heterogeneity and its implication for flower visitors

I investigated within- and between-year patterns of flowering phenology of entomophilous plants in an isolated old field in northern Michigan, USA. The number of open flowers was censused at 5-d intervals from June-September of 1984–1986, and the data analyzed by detrended correspondence analysis. DCA axis 1 reflected within-year phenology, was highly correlated with date of censusing, and implied substantial constancy in flowering sequences. However, DCA axis 2 revealed significant between-year variation in abundances of flowers; years differed significantly in their scores on axis 2, and these differences were driven by variable plant species abundances during late summer. Within-year patterns showed that the floral community consisted of three more-or-less distinct temporal “guilds” of plants, and that the rate of turnover in community composition throughout the season was not uniform. The appearance of these guilds was not synchronous across years. Insects foraging on these species throughout the floral season can expect constancy in the relative timing of blooming, but are exposed to considerable temporal heterogeneity in flower resource abundance both between- and within-years. Opportunities for coevolutionary specialization are therefore likely to be constrained.
A Simplified Six-Waveform Type Method for Delay Fault Testing

A new, simplified waveform method is presented for delay fault testing. The method enables accurate calculation of a delay fault detection threshold for definitely detectable faults, and a delay fault range for possibly detectable faults. The method is shown to correctly classify definitely detectable faults which are mis-classified by methods recently reported elsewhere [1] [2]. A quantitative delay fault model with variable fault size is used, and the effect of the delay fault is explicitly described by the new waveform method. The calculation of the detectable delay size threshold occurs in linear time for any definitely detectable fault.
Non-Relativistic Derivation of the Non-Euclidean Nature of Space

The non-Euclidean nature of space (relative to a rotating observer) is derived non-relativistically. Only the law of conservation of energy, Planck's formula, and the equivalence principle are used in the derivation.
Drug development in inflammatory bowel disease: The role of the FDA

All medicinal compounds sold in the United States for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) via a number of regulations dating back to 1906. The primary contemporary role of the FDA is in the assessment of safety and efficacy, and subsequent marketing, of medications based on preclinical and clinical trial data provided by sponsors. This includes pharmacokinetic, toxicology and clinical studies, and postapproval safety monitoring. Mesalamine formulations, budesonide, and biologic therapies have all been assessed for efficacy and safety in IBD by the FDA via large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There has been considerable evolution in the endpoints used by the FDA to approve medications for IBD, and the mechanisms through which newer agents have been approved. This review examines the methods of drug approval by the FDA, the bench-marks used to approve drugs for IBD, and recent controversies in the FDA's role in drug approval in general. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Methane detected in Orion A

This letter reports the detection of line emission from the Orion Molecular Cloud corresponding to six distinct pure-rotational delta J = 0 transitions in CH4. The transitions observed and the transition frequencies are: J = 11 E(2) - E(1), 4600.359 MHz; J = 18 F1(4) - F2(1), 76,231.45 MHz; J = 18 A1(2) - A2(1), 76,700.02 MHz; J = 19 F1(4) - F2(1), 75,944.99 MHz; J = 19 F2(4) - F1(1), 78,233.59 MHz; and J = 20 F2(5) - F1(2), 82,873.59 MHz. The observed spectra at the six transition frequencies are plotted, and all but two of the methane lines are found to be very narrow (about 2 km/s). It is noted that the small velocity widths of the four weaker lines and an observed variability of the J = 18 A line are classic characteristics of a maser and that the excitation appears to be nonthermal. An effective excitation temperature of 1100 to 2100 K is estimated for the methane in Orion A.
Ezrin… a metastatic detERMinant?

Abstract The insidious process of tumor metastasis is the most devastating and least well-understood aspect of cancer. Metastasis is very complex and employs many cellular processes, suggesting that individual metastatic determinants may not be easily identified. Mounting evidence, culminating in the work described in two recent articles, strongly suggests that the membrane:cytoskeleton organizer Ezrin can promote tumor metastasis (Khanna et al., 2004; Yu et al., 2004). Ultimately, a better understanding of exactly how Ezrin confers metastatic advantage will provide important insight into this key problem in cancer biology.
The Effect of Predator Type and Danger Level on the Mob Calls of the American Crow

Abstract. Flee-inducing alarm calls often communicate information about the type of predator and the danger associated with it. Less is known about how approach-inducing mob calls encode this information. We studied the mob calls of the American Crow to determine whether these calls convey information about the predator type or the level of danger by presenting a model owl (representing an avian predator) and raccoon (representing a mammalian predator). We found that crows emit the same types of vocalizations in response to both of these predator classes. Our results, however, suggest that calls with a longer duration, higher rate, and shorter interval between caws reflect a higher degree of danger. We also found significant differences in call structure from trial to trial, possibly reflecting variations in call structure among individuals or groups. The ability to encode specific information about urgency and individual or group identity while mobbing may be particularly important for efficient coordina...
A Practical Multi-channel Media Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Despite availability of multiple orthogonal communication channels on common sensor network platforms, such as MicaZ motes, and despite multiple simulation-supported designs of multi-channel MAC protocols, most existing sensor networks use only one channel for communication, which is a source of bandwidth inefficiency. In this work, we design, implement, and experimentally evaluate a practical MAC protocol which utilizes multiple channels efficiently for WSNs. A control theory approach is used to dynamically allocate channels for each mote in a distributed manner transparently to the application and routing layers. The protocol assumes that sensor nodes are equipped with one half-duplex radio interface which is most common in current hardware platforms. The protocol does not require time synchronization among nodes and takes the channel switching cost of current hardware into account. Evaluation results on a real testbed show that it achieves a non-trivial bandwidth improvement using 802.15.4 radios in topologies which are typical in WSNs. The MAC protocol was implemented in TinyOS-2.x and packaged as a software component to enable seamless use with existing applications.
Chronic Bilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis as an Unusual Presentation of Congenital Panhypopituitarism due to Pituitary Hypoplasia in a 17-Year-Old Female

We report an interesting case of a 17-year-old normal-statured female who was diagnosed with congenital panhypopituitarism due to pituitary hypoplasia at the presentation of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. We emphasized the importance of endocrinologic evaluation in patients with atypical slipped capital femoral epiphysis to prevent potential complication of adrenal crisis during surgery. This case also demonstrates growth without growth hormone which resulted in a delay in diagnosis of congenital hypopituitarism in this patient.
Size Variability of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insertion Sites

Background: Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been toward anatomical reconstruction that restores the normal size and location of the anterior cruciate ligament insertions and its 2 bundles, the posterolateral (PL) and anteromedial (AM) bundles. This has resulted in a more individualized approach to ACLR. Several studies have shown that the size of the anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites is variable; however, these studies are limited by use of relatively small sample sizes and cadaveric specimens.Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo size variability of the anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites and its AM and PL bundles during arthroscopy in a large series of patients and to correlate these findings with individuals’ physical characteristics (height, weight, and body mass index).Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: In 137 patients undergoing ACLR during the first 6 months after injury, the femoral and tib...
Tai Chi for People with Visual Impairments: A Pilot Study

This pilot study assessed the physical and psychological outcomes of a tai chi exercise program for eight adults with visual impairments. It found that after eight weeks of orientation and mobility training and tai chi practice, the participants' single leg-stance time and total knee flexion work and power improved, as did their frequency of, independence in, and satisfaction with performing mobility tasks.
Indexing and the A-notation

Some methods of indexing sequentially stored elements of sparse multi-dimensional arrays are described in the scheme A notation.
Electrical characteristics of a 500 Mb/in/sup 2/ slanted contact MR head

Several approaches to achieving high area density in rigid disc magnetic recording with magnetoresistive heads are currently being pursued. The mainstream approach has been dictated by the introduction of two IBM products. These products use soft-adjacent layer (SAL) transverse biasing and either exchange coupling or permanent magnet longitudinal biasing. Rotated current biasing, characteristic of barberpole and slanted contact (SC) biasing, offers the advantages of processing simplicity but suffers from a relatively wide read sensitivity function (RSF). The 45/spl deg/ contact geometry produces a long tail on one side of the RSF which causes excessive adjacent track crosstalk. It is possible to produce readwidths as narrow as 2.5 /spl mu/m by using the proper current direction and narrow contacts. This approach allows the practical implementation of 5000-6000 tpi devices and 500 Mb/in/sup 2/ technology. This paper describes the electrical characteristics of one such design and attempts to extrapolate the future performance of SC technology. >
Tracheotomy after laryngotracheopasty: Risk factors over 10 years☆

Abstract Background Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is the most common congenital and/or acquired laryngotracheal anomaly requiring tracheotomy in infants. We sought to determine factors associated with a greater likelihood of tracheotomy in symptomatic infants with SGS who underwent laryngotracheoplasty (LTP). Methods Retrospective case series with chart review of patients undergoing single-stage LTP for SGS over a 10-year period (2001–2010) in a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. Results Twenty-two children (15 boys, 7 girls), with a mean gestational age of 32.5weeks, underwent LTP with and without interpositional grafting, at a median age of 89days. Ten patients (43%) required postoperative tracheotomy. Of patients weighing 5kg needed tracheotomy ( p =0.003). The average length of stay for patients with a tracheotomy was 125days, while those without tracheotomy required only 58days ( p =0.011). The grade of SGS ( p =0.809), gender ( p =0.968), age at surgery ( p =0.178), and gestational age ( p =0.117) were not significantly associated with the need for tracheotomy. Weight at surgery was significantly correlated with the likelihood of needing tracheotomy ( p =0.003). Conclusions Patients who weighed less than 2.5kg at the time of LTP procedures were more likely to require a postoperative tracheotomy. Children who required tracheotomy had longer lengths of hospital stay.
C routines for fem applications

Abstract C routines for in-core assembly and direct solution of the equations which arise in linear finite element applications are presented. The skyline storage mode is employed, and results of timing experiments with and without the use of pointer incrementation are presented.
Political Optics and the Occlusion of Intimate Knowledge

In Seeing Like a State (1998), James Scott provides a comprehensive understanding of the optics of state power. He also shows how the bureaucratic logic of high-modernist official planning occludes the social and cultural worlds both of marginalized citizenries and of the bureaucrats themselves, and accurately pinpoints the pernicious reductionism that has accompanied the modernist state's self-proclaimed “cult of efficiency.” As in his earlier work, however, Scott overgeneralizes the idea of “resistance”; he also, and concomitantly, underestimates bureaucrats' complicity with local populations and the consequent modification of bureaucratic schemes (including the construction of national heritage) in actual practice. These absences reflect a relative lack of ethnographic specificity in the analysis as well as a partially uncritical endorsement of the master narrative of Western history.
LC-PDA-ESI/MS identification of the phenolic components of three compositae spices: chamomile, tarragon, and Mexican arnica.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) and Mexican arnica (Heterotheca inuoides) are common compositae spices and herbs found in the US market. They contain flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates that are potentially beneficial to human health. A standardized LC-PDA-ESI/MS profiling method was used to identify 51 flavonoids and 17 hydroxycinnamates. Many of the identifications were confirmed with authentic standards or through references in the literature or the laboratory’s database. More than half of the phenol compounds for each spice had not been previously reported. The phenolic profile can be used for plant authentication and to correlate with biological activities.
Modeling and characterization of SIPOS emitter and quasi-SIS emitter bipolar transistors

SIPOS (semi-insulating polycrystalline Si) emitter bipolar transistors have been fabricated with a common-emitter current gain of 8000 and a figure of merit (gain divided by intrinsic base sheet resistance) of 200 (k Omega /sq)/sup -1/. The high gain is attributed to a relatively low interface recombination velocity of the emitter contact, as measured by photo-induced microwave reflectometry. The cutoff frequency is measured to be 250 MHz, the low value attributed to a large emitter contact resistance of the SIPOS emitter. The authors suggest that a new figure of merit-transconductance divided by emitter resistance-should be considered for the comparison of the high-frequency performances of high emitter efficiency bipolar transistors. A quasi-SIS semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor emitter bipolar with a poly-Si emitter and undoped SIPOS as an interfacial layer was also fabricated. By incorporating a field-enhancement factor in the SIPOS, the behavior of this transistor is successfully explained by a SIS emitter model. The ideality factor ratio in the Gummel plot is attributed to the different barrier heights of electrons and holes at the SiO/sub 2//n-Si interface. >
THE EFFECT OF THYROXIN ON THE SOCIAL ORDER IN FLOCKS OF HENS1

THE PRESENT REPORT is one of a series which deals with the physiologicalanalysis of the peck order in flocks of hens by means of treatment with various hormones as suggested by Allee (14). Detailed reports have appeared on the effects produced by injections of testosterone propionate (15) and of estradiol (16) and there has been a preliminary report of the lack of effectiveness of epinephrine in this connection (17). The description of our work with testosterone (15) may be consulted for many of the details of care of the birds and general procedures of observation which will not be repeated here. The social order in flocks of hens is based primarily on initial encounters between individuals during which the dominance relations are settled either by fighting or by passive submission of one member of the contract pair (1-13). The winner usually
Group size and nest success in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the West Gulf Coastal Plain: helpers make a difference

We studied the relationships between Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) group size and nest productivity. Red-cockaded Woodpecker group size was positively correlated with fledging success. Although the relationships between woodpecker group size and nest productivity measures were not statistically significant, a pattern of increasing clutch size and number of hatchlings with increasing group size was apparent. The presence of helpers appeared to enhance the survival of nestlings between hatching and fledging. The contribution that helpers make to nestling feeding and incubation, cavity excavation, and territory defense appears to have a positive effect on nest productivity. A threshold number of helpers may be necessary before a significant benefit for fledging success is realized. Nests with four and five group members fledged more young than nests with two or three group members. Whether partial brood loss occurred or not within a nest was primarily a function of clutch size and the number of hatchlings. Although partial brood loss did affect the number of young fledged from individual nests by removing young from nests with high numbers of hatchlings, woodpecker group size appeared to be the primary determinant of fledging success.
Interactions Within a Cluster of Low Power Hall Thrusters

This work examines a long duration Hall thruster start transient caused by the vacuum chamber environment. During operation of a cluster of four Hall thrusters, large anode discharge fluctuations, visible as increased anode current and a more diffuse plume structure, occur in an apparently random manner. For single thrusters, the transient appears as a smoothly decaying elevated anode current with a diffuse plume which persists for less than 500 seconds. The start transient is characterized by severe 18 kHz oscillations which dominate the anode discharge. This contrasts with typical steady state behavior of a strong DC component overlaid with a low amplitude 25 kHz component. The main discharge chamber has been previously determined to be the source of this behavior. The work shows that transient appears to be a result of the release of water previously hydrate d on to on the surface layer of the boron nitride acceleration channel insulator.
New Frontiers in Interventional Cardiology

The latest statistics from the American Heart Association are disturbing: In 2004, an estimated 865 000 Americans will develop a new acute coronary syndrome. Another 700 000 will have a stroke. Unfortunately, the contribution of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to prevent such catastrophic outcomes has been limited. To date, intervention cardiologists have been constrained to the treatment of obstructive atherosclerosis disease in certain regions of the coronary tree. This approach has a clear benefit in reducing ischemia and symptoms but minimal direct impact on patients’ survival. The coming decade in interventional cardiology will be characterized by continued advances and interplay between structural materials and biomaterials, as well as by erosion of the barriers between medical disciplines, including vascular medicine, heart failure and genetics. Advances in imaging technology are on the verge of a clinical debut, which will enhance our screening capabilities to detect subclinical yet hazardous atherosclerosis disease. An expansion of indications for PCI as well as the development and establishment of new therapeutic modalities also are expected in the coming years (Figure 1). Figure 1. Factors promoting (+) or limiting (-) the expansion of interventional cardiology. A comprehensive review of the entire field of intervention cardiology would be impractical. Progress in the areas of drug-eluting stents, detection of vulnerable plaques, percutaneous management of selected patients with stroke and valvular heart disease, angiogenesis and stem cell treatment of congestive heart failure, and increased use of the predictive capacity of genetic markers likely will be pivotal. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of recent achievements in specific areas that may change thinking in the field in the near future (Figure 1). The BENESTENT (BElgian NEtherlands STENT) and STRESS (STent REStenosis Study) trials paved the way for the “stent era” in coronary revascularization.1,2 In-stent restenosis, however, …
OFDM downlink scheduling for delay-optimality: Many-channel many-source asymptotics with general arrival processes

We consider the downlink of an OFDM system for supporting a large number of delay-sensitive users. The OFDM scheduling problem can be modeled as a discrete-time multi-source multi-server queuing system with time-varying connectivity. For such a system, the Max-Weight policy is known to be throughput-optimal and the Server-Side Greedy (SSG) policy has been recently shown to achieve small queue lengths for i.i.d. arrival processes. However, there is often significant difference between queue-length optimality and delay optimality, and there exist arrival patterns such that algorithms with small queue backlog can still lead to large delay. In this work, we propose a new OFDM scheduling algorithm that gives preference to packets with large delay. Assuming ON-OFF channels, we show that for a large class of arrival processes, the proposed policy is rate-function delay-optimal. We substantiate the result via both analysis and simulation.
Interference Cancellation and Detection Using Precoders

We consider interference cancellation for a system with two users when users know each other channels. The goal is to utilize channel information to cancel the interference without sacrificing the diversity or the complexity of the system. Before, in the literature, it was shown how a receiver with 2 receive antennas can completely cancel the interference of two users and provide a diversity of 2 for users with 2 transmit antennas. We propose a system to achieve the maximum possible diversity of 4 with low complexity. Our main idea is to design precoders, using the channel information, to make it possible for different users to transmit over orthogonal spaces. Then, using the orthogonality of the transmitted signals, the receiver can separate them and decode the signals independently. We analytically prove that the system provides full diversity to both users. In addition, we provide simulation results that confirm our analytical proof.
Serotonin Promotes Go-Dependent Neuronal Migration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Background: The directed migration of neurons during development requires attractive and repulsive cues that control the direction of migration as well as permissive cues that potentiate cell motility and responsiveness to guidance molecules. Results: Here, we show that the neurotransmitter serotonin functions as a permissive signal for embryonic and postembryonic neuronal migration in the nematode C. elegans . In serotonin-deficient mutants, the migrations of the ALM, BDU, SDQR, and AVM neurons were often foreshortened or misdirected, indicating a serotonin requirement for normal migration. Moreover, exogenous serotonin could restore motility to AVM neurons in serotonin-deficient mutants as well as induce AVM-like migrations in the normally nonmotile neuron PVM; this indicates that serotonin was functioning as a permissive cue to enable neuronal motility. The migration defects of serotonin-deficient mutants were mimicked by ablations of serotonergic neuroendocrine cells, implicating humoral release of serotonin in these processes. Mutants defective in G q and G o signaling, or in N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, showed migration phenotypes similar to serotonin-deficient mutants, and these molecules appeared to genetically function downstream of serotonin in the control of neuronal migration. Conclusions: Thus, serotonin is important for promoting directed neuronal migration in the developing C. elegans nervous system. We hypothesize that serotonin may promote cell motility through G protein-dependent modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels in the migrating cell.
Waste and City Form: Reconsidering the Medieval Strategy

Abstract This paper argues that “new” sustainable technologies being used to manage human waste—composting toilets, bioremediation, and biodigestion—are essentially reviving the medieval strategy of waste management: containment and reuse of waste, as opposed to the modern strategy of dilution and evacuation. This debate should not occur in a vacuum, uninformed by the motivations for, and history of, the development of the modern system. Therefore, this paper more closely examines the medieval system, which closely linked waste and agricultural production. It then considers the transformation to the modern system, using the design of Leonardo da Vinci's city of Romorantin as a case study. It is argued that this transformation was largely predicated on now-delegitimized miasmic theory, which held foul or corrupt air to be the cause of disease, and that it precipitated larger changes in the urban environment. In light of this historical view it is suggested that contemporary sustainable technologies imply l...
Particle-hole multiplets in 208Bi

Abstract The energy levels of 208 Bi are calculated with the reaction matrix elements deduced from the Hamada-Johnston potential, and compared with the recent experimental data of Alford, Schiffer and Schwartz. The calculated wave functions for most low-energy states show very little configuration admixture. The energy levels have been calculated with and without the inclusion of the core-polarization effects, and the results of the two calculations show no significant difference. Remarkable agreement with experiment is obtained for all 36 experimentally identified low energy levels. But a large discrepancy is observed for the isobaric analogue state of 208 Pb; the calculated position being about 4 MeV too low. A multipole analysis of the effective particle-hole interactions has been carried out.
Television war: Trends in network coverage of Vietnam 1965–1970

(1976). Television war: Trends in network coverage of Vietnam 1965–1970. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 147-158.
NEW SPECIES OF PARAPHARYNGODON (NEMATODA: PHARYNGODONIDAE) AND OTHER HELMINTHS IN PETROSAURUS REPENS AND P. THALASSINUS (SQUAMATA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE) FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA DEL SUR, MEXICO

Abstract Parapharyngodon grismeri n. sp. from the intestines of the central Baja California banded rock lizard, Petrosaurus repens, and the San Lucan banded rock lizard, Petrosaurus thalassinus, is described and illustrated. Parapharyngodon grismeri n. sp. is the forty-second species assigned to the genus and differs from other species in the genus in that males possess posteriorly situated lateral alae, have cloacal lip adornment, and have spicules 116–128 µm long; females possess alate eggs and a stout terminal spike. In addition to the new nematode species, gravid individuals of Oochoristica sp. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae), Spauligodon giganticus (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), and Strongyluris similis (Nematoda: Heterakidae) and larvae of Ascarops sp. (Nematoda: Spiruridae) and Physaloptera sp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) were found in P. repens, and S. giganticus, S. similis, and larvae of Physaloptera sp. were found in P. thalassinus.
Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 2-methylfuran and ethylene for renewable toluene

Abstract Diels–Alder cycloaddition of biomass-derived 2-methylfuran and ethylene provides a thermochemical pathway to renewable toluene. In this work, the kinetics and reaction pathways of toluene formation have been evaluated with H-BEA and Sn-BEA catalysts. Kinetic analysis of the main reaction chemistries reveals the existence of two rate-controlling reactions: (i) Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 2-methylfuran and ethylene where the production rate is independent of the Bronsted acid site concentration, and (ii) dehydration of the Diels–Alder cycloadduct where the production rate is dependent on the Bronsted acid site concentration. Application of a reduced kinetic model supports the interplay of these two regimes with the highest concentration of toluene measured at a catalyst loading equal to the transition region between the two kinetic regimes. Selectivity to toluene never exceeded 46%, as 2-methylfuran was consumed by several newly identified reactions to side products, including dimerization of 2-methylfuran, the formation of a trimer following hydrolysis and ring-opening of 2-methylfuran, and the incomplete dehydration of the Diels–Alder cycloadduct of 2-methylfuran and ethylene.
Dimanganese(II) hydroxide vanadate, Mn2(OH)[VO4].

Dimanganese(II) hydroxide vanadate was obtained from hydro­thermal reactions. The crystal structure of the title compound is isotypic with that of Zn2(OH)[VO4]. Three crystallographically independent Mn2+ ions are present, one (site symmetry .m.) with a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal and two (site symmetries .m. and 1) with distorted octa­hedral coordination spheres. These polyhedra are linked through common edges, forming a corrugated layer-type of structure extending parallel to (100). A three-dimensional framework results via additional Mn—O—V—O—Mn connectivities involving the two different tetra­hedral [VO4] units (each with point-group symmetry .m.). O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (one bifurcated) between the OH functions (both with point-group symmetry .m.) and the [VO4] units complete this arrangement.
The acceptability of the female condom among low-income African-American women.

Among women African Americans are at the highest risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unfortunately the majority of African-American women do not perceive themselves to be at risk not perceive the need to engage in safe-sex practices. Given the alarming rate of increase of HIV disease among African-American women more in-depth information about the sociocultural factors influencing these nonhealth-promoting beliefs and behaviors is needed immediately in order to design effective Information Education and Communication campaigns. As part of such an effort a premarketing study of the recently developed female condom Reality (Wisconsin Pharmacal Jackson Wisconsin) was used as an opportunity to assess not only acceptance and relevance of the product but also knowledge attitudes and practices among a group of African-American women in New Orleans. The methodology chose was focus group discussions. The main findings from these discussions is that the previously reported low-risk perception of HIV disease among African-American females is also true among this focus group. The discussions suggest that cultural norms of female submission and passivity in sexual negotiation is a major barrier to preventive actions among these African-American women i.e. insistence on condom use during sexual intercourse. The second important finding from these focus group discussion is that the women enthusiastically endorsed the female condom because they felt this condom allowed them control over safe-sex practices without having to challenge the power of their male partners. This study also demonstrates that the dynamics of universality and interpersonal learning inherent to insight-oriented or support groups can also be present. When occurring in the nonthreatening environment of the focus group such processes can be extremely helpful in encouraging and motivating participants to adopt more positive health actions. (authors)
Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. VII. Genotype-environment relationships in populations of D. melanogaster from the Eastern United States.

Collections of D. melanogaster were analyzed for genetic variation at nine enzyme loci. Allelic frequencies were determined, and comparisons between observed phenotypic proportions and those expected under equilibrium conditions were made. A significant tendency toward homozygote excess was noted. Relationships between patterns of genetic variability and between patterns of genetic and environmental variability were examined by the method of principal components and correlation analysis. Several of the loci showed a clinal pattern in gene frequencies, and overall there was an appreciable amount of genetic-genetic and genetic-environmental association.
Lack of Action of Influenza Virus upon Mucin of Human or Swine Origin.

SummaryHuman salivary mucin and hog gastric mucin do not inhibit the hemagglutination induced by the PR8, LEE, and Swine strains of influenza virus and these mucins do not inhibit the multiplication of PR8 or LEE in the developing chick embryo. There was no turbidimetric or viscosimetric evidence of viral action on these mucins. Influenza virus was also unable to modify the conductivity of the human salivary mucin or the hog gastric mucin.
Nuclear RNA-seq of single neurons reveals molecular signatures of activation

Single-cell sequencing methods have emerged as powerful tools for identification of heterogeneous cell types within defined brain regions. Application of single-cell techniques to study the transcriptome of activated neurons can offer insight into molecular dynamics associated with differential neuronal responses to a given experience. Through evaluation of common whole-cell and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) methods, here we show that snRNA-seq faithfully recapitulates transcriptional patterns associated with experience-driven induction of activity, including immediate early genes (IEGs) such as Fos, Arc and Egr1. SnRNA-seq of mouse dentate granule cells reveals large-scale changes in the activated neuronal transcriptome after brief novel environment exposure, including induction of MAPK pathway genes. In addition, we observe a continuum of activation states, revealing a pseudotemporal pattern of activation from gene expression alone. In summary, snRNA-seq of activated neurons enables the examination of gene expression beyond IEGs, allowing for novel insights into neuronal activation patterns in vivo.
Transluminal balloon dilation of a tuberculous ureteral stricture.

AbstractWe describe, to our knowledge, the first successful balloon dilation of a tuberculous ureteral stricture.
Risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk factors for nosocomial blood-stream infection (BSI) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS Clinical data from the neonates admitted to the NICU in the St. Louis Children's Hospital in Washington University School of Medicine between January 2005 and December 2006 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS A total of 1 290 neonates were included. Overall, 175 nosocomial BSIs occurred. Catheter-related BSIs accounted for 62.3% (109 cases). The incidence of nosocomial BSI was 4.22 per 1 000 patient-days. Logistic regression analysis revealed that low gestational age, low Apgar scores at 5 minutes, use of central venous catheter (CVC), and longer CVC use were risk factors for the development of nosocomial BSI. In the subgroup of neonates with CVC, mechanical ventilation was an additional independent risk factor for BSI. CONCLUSIONS Catheter-related BSI is the major source of nosocomial BSI in the NICU. Prematurity, low Apgar scores at birth and prolonged CVC use are risk factors for the development of BSI.
Introduction to forensic science.

1. Donald C. Lehman, EdD, MT(ASCP), SM(NRM)[⇑][1] 1. University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 1. Address for Correspondence: Donald C. Lehman, EdD, MT(ASCP), SM(NRM), Department of Med-ical Technology. University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, (302) 831-8432, dlehman{at}udel.edu 1. Discuss the role of forensic scientists. 2. Describe the role of medical examiners. 3. Describe chain of custody of forensic evidence. 4. Describe the organization and function of forensic laboratories in the United States. Forensic science, sometimes referred to as criminalistics, applies the knowledge of science to the definition and enforcement of laws. Criminalistics is a branch of forensic science that is involved in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of physical evidence produced by criminal activity.1 This field of study involves several scientific disciplines: biology, chemistry, and physics. Forensic science is not a branch of law enforcement, and forensic scientists are not law enforcement officers. Despite how they are portrayed on television, forensic scientists do not interrogate and arrest suspects and do not usually investigate crime scenes. The main duties of a forensic scientist are to analyze physical evidence, interpret the results and testify in a court of law. Forensic scientists are expert witnesses who express opinions as to the significance of laboratory findings. Forensic science plays a role in criminal and civil law. Forensic scientists help determine cause of death, identify perpetrators of crimes, identify bodily remains, track the electronic transfer of money, investigate internet fraud and identity theft, and reconstruct vehicular accidents. Laws regulate the safety and quality of our food and water, the potency of medications, motor vehicle emissions, and pesticides used on crops. It would be impossible to monitor compliance with laws if not for accurate laboratory testing. Forensic science is becoming increasingly broad in its application to law and criminal investigations. Crime laboratory analyses are only relevant if the specimens received are properly collected, transported and preserved. Crime scene evidence is often collected and transported by trained police officers. ABBREVIATIONS: DNA, deoxyribose nucleic acid 1. Discuss the role of forensic scientists. 2. Describe the role of medical examiners. 3. Describe chain of custody of forensic evidence. 4. Describe the organization and function of forensic laboratories in the United States. [1]: #corresp-1
Note on the preservation of a limpet in living position from the Late Cretaceous, Seymour Island, Antarctica

Although limpets are fairly common in shelly deposits, there are no reports of limpets preserved in the living position from the fossil record. The life style of capped-shaped limpet gastropods almost precludes preservation in a living position. Herbivorous alga-feeding limpets live attached to a firm surface. The surfaces of attachment vary widely from rocky surfaces, shells, or seaweed. Upon death the shells become detached and are incorporated in the nearby sediments or are transported to a site of final deposition.
The Germans from Russia: Documenting the Immigrant Experience in Northern Colorado

ABSTRACT The Sidney Heitman Germans from Russia Collection at the Colorado State University Libraries is named in honor of the late Dr. Heitman's years of research and teaching about Colorado's second largest ethnic group. Created to support his Germans from Russia in Colorado Study Project, active at the university in the late 1970s, the collection's centerpiece is the oral histories generated by the project. This article provides information on the collection and describes a digital project supported by an Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) grant through the Colorado Digitization Project (CDP) to make a selection of the oral histories, transcripts, photos, project documentation, and the finding aid available online to researchers. In addition to providing access to more than 1,500 digital objects, project staff developed important metadata for their discovery, retrieval, and management using the Western States Dublin Core Metadata Best Practices and Encoded Archival Description (EAD).
Bone marrow biopsies for staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: are we looking too closely?

Accurate staging of aggressive lymphomas is essential for optimal prognostication and management. Modalities for radiographic staging have evolved over time from chest radiographs and abdominal ult...
Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development

Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in this technology.
Testing for cost efficiency differences between two groups of rural hospitals

Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) receive cost-based reimbursement for services provided to Medicare patients, while the prospective payment system (PPS) pays non-CAH rural hospitals a fixed price p...
Conducting Generic Talk Therapy

Once the initial assessment has been made, we continue to build a picture of how to conduct a generic, unstructured therapy. After transferring the conversation to the patient, we can focus on the therapist’s number-one job, following the flow of information. This leads to a three-step dance in which we intervene only when some resistance begins to interfere with the flow. When this happens, we change the focus to the inhibiting dysfunctional pattern, an EDP that has been triggered. Its exploration usually leads to resolution and continuation of the flow of information. Beyond this simple alternation between free flow of conversation and exploration of resistance, there are times when the therapist should take the initiative in showing how to articulate feelings and uncover EDPs. Next, the chapter explores cycles within the therapy and concludes with the question of whether there might be ways to do better in discovering issues, seeking emotional healing, and fostering behavior change. The answer, in the context of the affect avoidance model, is to look at specific EDPs, as will be done in Part III.
Discrete- and finite-bandwidth-frequency distributions in nonlinear stability applications

A new “wave packet” formulation of the parabolized stability equations method is presented. This method accounts for the influence of finite-bandwidth-frequency distributions on nonlinear stability calculations. The methodology is motivated by convolution integrals and is found to appropriately represent nonlinear energy transfer between primary modes and harmonics, in particular nonlinear feedback, via a “nonlinear coupling coefficient.” It is found that traditional discrete mode formulations overestimate nonlinear feedback by approximately 70%. This results in smaller maximum disturbance amplitudes than those observed experimentally. The new formulation corrects this overestimation, accounts for the generation of side lobes responsible for spectral broadening, and results in disturbance representation more consistent with the experiment than traditional formulations. A Mach 6 flared-cone example is presented.
High-Speed FSW Aluminum Alloy 7075 Microstructure and Corrosion Properties

High-speed friction stir welding provides an opportunity to enable high-volume aluminum joining, thus lowering the expense of the process. To better understand this important industrial process the properties of the welds must be fully characterized. In this study we examined the microstructures of AA7075 butt welds with welding speeds of 1, 2 and 3 m/min. The welds were also tested for their corrosion resistance in a diluted EXCO solution at room temperature. The welds with higher speeds had a smaller corrosion sensitive area along with smaller HAZs, but the nugget zone became more corrosion susceptible. Their microstructure features were used to explain the non-uniform corrosion behavior across the weld. Both constituent particles and precipitate distribution were altered by the friction stir process and resulted in an overall sensitized weld affected region compared to the base material.
A common base method for analysis of qPCR data and the application of simple blocking in qPCR experiments.

qPCR has established itself as the technique of choice for the quantification of gene expression. Procedures for conducting qPCR have received significant attention; however, more rigorous approaches to the statistical analysis of qPCR data are needed. Here we develop a mathematical model, termed the Common Base Method, for analysis of qPCR data based on threshold cycle values (C q ) and efficiencies of reactions (E). The Common Base Method keeps all calculations in the logscale as long as possible by working with log10(E) ∙ C q , which we call the efficiency-weighted C q value; subsequent statistical analyses are then applied in the logscale. We show how efficiency-weighted C q values may be analyzed using a simple paired or unpaired experimental design and develop blocking methods to help reduce unexplained variation. The Common Base Method has several advantages. It allows for the incorporation of well-specific efficiencies and multiple reference genes. The method does not necessitate the pairing of samples that must be performed using traditional analysis methods in order to calculate relative expression ratios. Our method is also simple enough to be implemented in any spreadsheet or statistical software without additional scripts or proprietary components.
C(alkenyl)–H Activation via Six-Membered Palladacycles: Catalytic 1,3-Diene Synthesis

A catalytic method to prepare highly substituted 1,3-dienes from two different alkenes is described using a directed, palladium(II)-mediated C(alkenyl)–H activation strategy. The transformation exhibits broad scope across three synthetically useful substrate classes masked with suitable bidentate auxiliaries (4-pentenoic acids, allylic alcohols, and bishomoallylic amines) and tolerates internal nonconjugated alkenes, which have traditionally been a challenging class of substrates in this type of chemistry. Catalytic turnover is enabled by either MnO2 as the stoichiometric oxidant or co-catalytic Co(OAc)2 and O2 (1 atm). Experimental and computational studies were performed to elucidate the preference for C(alkenyl)–H activation over other potential pathways. As part of this effort, a structurally unique alkenylpalladium(II) dimer was isolated and characterized.