cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Processing of Loosely Structured Documents as a Strategy for Organizing Electronic Health Care Records

Loosely structured documents can capture more relevant information about medical events than is possible using today’s popular databases. In order to realize the full potential of this increased information content, techniques will be required that go beyond the static mapping of stored data into a single, rigid data model. Through intelligent processing, loosely structured documents can become a rich source of detailed data about actual events that can support the wide variety of applications needed to run a health-care organization, document medical care or conduct research. Abstraction and indirection are the means by which dynamic data models and intelligent processing are introduced into database systems. A system designed around loosely structured documents can evolve gracefully while preserving the integrity of the stored data. The ability to identify and locate the information contained within documents offers new opportunities to exchange data that can replace more rigid standards of data interchange.
Rethinking the Head and Neck Cancer Population

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in males worldwide. Although the incidence of HNSCC is relatively low in the United States, the affected population is changing from older males to young Caucasian males. High-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) already are associated with cervical, oral, and anal cancers; however, HPV DNA has been detected in about a third of head and neck malignancies. Nurses play major roles in educating the public and treating patients with HPV and HNSCC. Many possibilities for outreach and research exist that could decrease HPV and HNSCC rates.
Cell Wall Composition and Underlying QTL in an F1 Pseudo-Testcross Population of Switchgrass

Natural genetic variation for reduced recalcitrance can be used to improve switchgrass for biofuel production. A full-sib switchgrass mapping population developed by crossing a lowland genotype, AP13, and upland genotype, VS16, was evaluated at three locations (Ardmore and Burneyville, OK and Watkinsville, GA). Biomass harvested after senescence in 2009 and 2010 was evaluated at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for sugar release using enzymatic hydrolysis and for lignin content and syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer (S/G) ratio using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS). Glucose and xylose release ranged from 120 to 313 and 123 to 263 mg g−1, respectively, while lignin content ranged from 19 to 27 % of the dry biomass. Statistically significant differences were observed among the genotypes and the environments for the cell wall composition traits. Regression analysis showed that a unit increase in lignin content reduced total sugar release by an average of 10 mg g−1. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis detected 9 genomic regions underlying sugar release and 14 for lignin content. The phenotypic variation explained by the individual QTL identified for sugar release ranged from 4.5 to 9.4 and for lignin content from 3.8 to 11.1 %. Mapping of the QTL regions to the switchgrass genome sequence (v1.1) found that some of the QTL colocalized with genes involved in carbohydrate processing and metabolism, plant development, defense systems, and transcription factors. The markers associated with QTL can be implemented in breeding programs to efficiently develop improved switchgrass cultivars for biofuel production.
Design scheme for monitoring system of distributed power generation

A design scheme is proposed for the monitoring system of distributed power generation to better regulate the connection of distributed power generation and to effectively monitor and manage its operation,which is composed of master station,slave station,terminal unit and communication system.The monitoring master station is based on standard and general hardware components,which is divided into operating system layer,support platform layer and application function layer;the monitoring slave station adopts the embedded operating platform equipped with basic functions and expanded functions;the terminal unit is based on the unified hardware platform equipped with different functions to meet the requirements of different distributed power generations.The design of communication network for different applications is introduced.
Subperiosteal resection of the distal portion of the fibula for aneurysmal bone cyst. Report of two cases.

The distal portion of the fibula was resected subperiosteally in two adolescent patients with large aneurysmal bone cysts extending close to the distal epiphyseal plate of the fibula. Follow-up studies, eight years after operation in one patient and two and one-half years in the other patient, showed satisfactory function and stability of the ankle.
Evolving Russian Blueprints for the RMA: 2000–2025

In the early 1980s the Soviet military — under the propulsion of Marshal N. V. Ogarkov — was the first to argue that a new ‘revolution’ was occurring in military affairs. Today the Russian military argue that precision-guided, non-nuclear, deep-strike weapons and the systems used to integrate them are revolutionizing all aspects of military art and force structure — and elevating combat capabilities on the order of 106. According to the Russian military, superiority in the new RMA proceeds from superiority in C4ISR systems: (1) reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition systems, and (2) ‘intelligent’ command-and-control systems. Information technologies are now said to be ‘the most formidable weapons of the twenty-first century’ — and comparable in effects to weapons of mass destruction. Indeed they constitute the essence of the new RMA. The Russian politico-military leadership therefore recognized long ago the imperative of engineering a dramatic shift away from material-intensive systems and toward science-intensive systems: away from ballistic missiles, submarines, heavy bombers, tanks, and artillery and toward advanced C4ISR and EW systems.
Intraoperative medications associated with hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis

Abstract Study objective To facilitate the identification of drugs and patient factors associated with hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis. Design Using an existing database containing complete perioperative records, instances of hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis were identified using a physiologic and treatment-based screening algorithm. All cases were manually reviewed by 2 clinicians, with a third adjudicating disagreements, and confirmed cases were matched 3:1 with control cases. Intraoperative medications given in instances of hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis and patient risk factors were compared with control cases. Setting University of Michigan Hospital, a large, tertiary care hospital. Patients All adult patients undergoing surgery between January 1, 2004, and January 5, 2015. Interventions None. Measurements Incidence of hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis during anesthesia. Patient risk factors and intraoperative medications associated with hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis. Main results Hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis occurred in 55 of 461 986 cases (1 in 8400). Hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis occurred in 52 patients, with 1 patient experiencing 3 instances and another patient 2 instances. Only 1 drug was associated with an increased risk of hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis: protamine (odds ratio, 11.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-99.26; P =.0233). No category of drugs was associated with increased risk. Of patient risk factors, only personal history of anaphylaxis was associated with an increased risk (odds ratio, 77.1; 95% confidence interval, 10.46-567.69; P = Conclusions Hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis is a rare complication of anesthesia, with an incidence consistent with the existing literature. Contrary to most existing literature, only protamine was associated with increased risk. A personal history of anaphylaxis appears to best predict risk of hemodynamically significant anaphylaxis.
Resident and student education in otolaryngology: A 10‐year update on e‐learning

Objectives/Hypothesis E-learning, in its most rudimentary form, is the use of Internet-based resources for teaching and learning purposes. In surgical specialties, this definition encompasses the use of virtual patient cases, digital modeling, and online tutorials, as well as standardized video and imaging. As new technological frontiers rapidly emerge within otolaryngology, e-learning may be an effective alternative to traditional teaching. Here we present a systematic review of the literature assessing the efficacy of e-learning for otolaryngology education and a discussion of the relevance of these programs for both medical students and residents within the field. Study Design Systematic review. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted according to the guidelines defined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Results Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. These studies measured a range of outcomes from basic science anatomical knowledge to clinically relevant endpoints such as diagnostic accuracy. Nearly all of the studies reported greater satisfaction and/or significantly increased objective knowledge using the e-learning intervention compared to traditional techniques. Conclusions E-learning proves to be a powerful alternative to standard teaching techniques within otolaryngology education for both residents and medical students. Future work should focus on validating specific e-learning programs and accessing long-term knowledge retention using these innovative platforms. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 127:E219–E224, 2017
Bridging Natural Nano-Tubes with Designed Nanotubes

The rich properties of engineered carbon nanotubes will find themselves in wide range of biological and medicinal applications. Combining the natural biological molecular recognition process by natural proteins (ion channels, for example) with the properties of carbon nanotubes, an integrated new class of hybrid devices of carbon nanotubes and biological proteins will have versatile unprecedented selectivity, sensitivity, efficiency, and controllability.
The Intersection of Elder Abuse and Alcohol Misuse

Life experiences in older adulthood may well be more heterogeneous than at any other time across the life span. As the focus of daily activities transitions from full-time employment and family responsibilities to retirement and increased leisure activities, some older adults may find themselves increasingly reliant upon others for help, especially if their physical or mental health declines. A consequence of being vulnerable and reliant on others for care and support may be an increased risk for abuse, neglect, and exploitation, vulnerabilities that can be exacerbated if alcohol is being misused in the home setting. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the intersection of elder abuse and alcohol misuse. We begin first with a discussion of definitions of elder abuse followed by a presentation of theoretical constructs and frameworks used to conceptualize both problems. Next, we examine settings of abuse and scholarly literature on victims and perpetrators as well as the contribution of alcohol to the problem. We then discuss community and societal responses to elder abuse and alcohol misuse and conclude with future directions for research and practice.
Non-host Resistance: DNA Damage Is Associated with SA Signaling for Induction of PR Genes and Contributes to the Growth Suppression of a Pea Pathogen on Pea Endocarp Tissue.

Salicylic acid (SA) has been reported to induce plant defense responses. The transcriptions of defense genes that are responsible for a given plant's resistance to an array of plant pathogens are activated in a process called nonhost resistance. Biotic signals capable of carrying out the activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in pea tissue include fungal DNase and chitosan, two components released from Fusarium solani spores that are known to target host DNA. Recent reports indicate that SA also has a physical affinity for DNA. Here, we report that SA-induced ROS release results in fragment alterations in pea nuclear DNA and cytologically-detectable diameter and structural changes in the pea host nuclei. Additionally, we examine the subsequent SA-related increase of resistance to the true pea pathogen Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi and the low accumulation of the phytoalexin pisatin. This is the first report showing that SA-induced PR gene activation may act directly on the host pea genomic DNA and that at certain concentrations, SA can be temporally associated with subsequent increases in the defense response of this legume.
First-principles investigation of phase stability in the Mg-Sc binary alloy

The recent discovery of shape memory behavior in Mg-Sc alloys has opened the door to the possibility of lightweight shape memory alloys. Very little is known, however, about martensitic phase transformations or about equilibrium phase stability in this alloy system. Here we report on a first-principles statistical mechanics study of zero Kelvin and finite temperature phase stability of hcp, bcc, and fcc based phases in the Mg-Sc binary. Our calculations reveal a rich array of phase transitions among the different low-temperature ordered and high-temperature disordered phases. Ground state orderings on hcp, bcc, and fcc belong to families of hierarchical structures containing rods of scandium atoms assembled in layers that repeat periodically. Both fcc and bcc are found to undergo a series of second-order phase transformations with increasing temperature until they completely disorder. A high degree of degeneracy is predicted at low and high temperatures among hcp, bcc, and fcc, a property that is likely to play an important role in the shape memory effects observed in this alloy.
Precision monitoring of immunotherapies in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Pharmacological immunotherapies are a key component of post-transplant therapy in solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In current clinical practice, immunotherapies largely follow a one-size fits all approach, leaving a large portion of transplant recipients either over- or under-immunosuppressed, and consequently at risk of infections or immune-mediated complications. Our goal here is to review recent and rapid advances in precision and genomic medicine approaches to monitoring of post-transplant immunotherapies. We will discuss recent advances in precision measurements of pharmacological immunosuppression, measurements of the plasma and gut microbiome, strategies to monitor for allograft injury and post-transplant malignancies via circulating cell-free DNA, and comprehensive measurements of the B and T cell immune cell repertoire.
Measures of Psychopathology Characterized by Dominance: Articulating their Structure and Relations with Personality and Other Psychopathology

Mania, narcissism, antisocial personality disorder/psychopathy, and substance use (including alcohol use) disorders have been linked through the dominance behavioral system, a biologically based system guiding dominant behavior and responses to perceptions of power (Johnson et al. 2012). We examined the structure and correlates of measures of psychopathology linked to dominance in two studies utilizing student (N = 309) and mixed community/outpatient samples (N = 255), the latter of which incorporated multi-method assessment. Results indicated that grandiose narcissism and some mania-relevant measures are defined by overlapping positive emotionality content (e.g., seeking acclaim, feeling fearless) that shows strong relations with traits related to dominance (e.g., assertiveness, immodesty). Antisocial trait measures also were linked to dominance to some degree, although less strongly than indicators of mania and narcissism. Lastly, even though substance use indicators overlap with other measures of psychopathology showing more substantial relations to dominance, these measures were weakly related to dominance-related traits. These results establish an important and novel connection between grandiose narcissism and mania-relevant measures via their assessment of dominance. Furthermore, results indicate that substance use measures do not assess dominant attitudes and behaviors. However, the extent to which antisocial traits are defined by dominance is less clear, especially given that these studies did not incorporate assessment of social boldness, a construct central to some conceptualizations of psychopathy (Patrick et al. 2009).
Abstract 116: Is There Gender Disparity in the Use of Drug Eluting Stents after Acute Myocardial Infarction?

Background: Women are less likely than men to have cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is unclear whether such gender disparity extends to the implantation of the type of coronary stent (bare metal stent (BMS) versus drug eluting stent (DES)) after AMI. Methods: We examined coronary stent implantation by type within 30 days of AMI in 33,748 patients admitted to non-federal hospitals in New Jersey using a statewide database. Data from 2003 through 2009 in the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System (MIDAS) were used to identify patients with first episode of AMI and single type (BMS versus DES) of coronary stent implantation after the AMI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the differences by gender after adjustment for age, race, insurance, site of MI, pre-or post discharge stent implantation, and co-morbidities. Results: Coronary stent implantations after AMI were stratified by placement periods into: at index of AMI admission, n=16,719; within 2 days, n=22,019; within one week, n=31,618; and within 30 days of index AMI, n=33,748. In 2003, the use of BMS in women declined from 76% (386 of 507) to 68% (986 of 1454) from index AMI to 30 days, and in men from 79% (930 of 1181) to 70% (2017 of 2863). The use of DES in women increased from 24% (121 of 507) at index AMI to 32% (468 of 1454) at 30 days, and in men from 21% (251 of 1181) to 30% (846 of 2863). After adjustment for covariates, in 2003, women were more likely to receive DES than men within 2 days of the index AMI [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.37; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): (1.10, 1.70); p = 0.005], within 1 week of index AMI [OR: 1.21; CI (1.03,1.41); p= 0.02], within 30 days of index AMI [OR: 1.20; CI (1.03, 1.39); p = 0.02)]. In 2004 through 2009, both men and women had higher proportion of DES than BMS implantation after AMI. However, there was no significant gender difference in stent type for these years, except in 2006 when DES implants (received within 1 week and 30 days of index AMI) were significantly more frequent in women compared to men. Conclusion: Although women are less likely to receive PCI compared to men after AMI, there is generally no gender difference in the proportion of DES versus BMS received in contemporary years.
Charge transfer and heat of formation in CsCl intermetallic compounds

Abstract Equivolume charge transfer in transition intermetallic compounds with the CsCl structure was computed using a local density approximation of energy density functional theory. When the two components are in the same period, electronic charge is transferred from the element to the left of chromium to the element at the right, the charge transfer increasing in general with increasing separation in the Periodic Table. The influence of charge transfer on compound formation was studied. The formation energy was computed as the sum of elastic, electrochemical and Madelung contributions. The results provide a satisfactory description of compound stability. Theoretical Wigner-Seitz radii were also computed, which agreed satisfactorily with experiment.
Ultrasound estimates of Achilles tendon exhibit unexpected shortening during ankle plantarflexion.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate Achilles tendon (AT) length changes during a series of tasks that involved combinations of higher/lower force, and larger/smaller length changes of the medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit (MTU). We sought to determine if common ultrasound-based estimates of AT length change were consistent with expectations for a passive elastic tendon acting in series with a muscle. We tested 8 healthy individuals during restricted joint calf contractions (high force, low displacement), ankle dorsi-/plantar-flexion (DF/PF) with the foot in the air (low force, high displacement), and heel raises (high force, high displacement). We experimentally estimated AT length change using two ultrasound methods, one based on muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) tracking and one based on muscle fascicle (MF) tracking. Estimates of AT length change were consistent with model expectations during restricted calf contractions, when the MTU underwent minimal length change. However, estimates of AT length changes were inconsistent with model expectations during the ankle DF/PF and heel raise tasks. Specifically, the AT was estimated to shorten substantially, often 10–20 mm, when the ankle plantarflexed beyond neutral position, despite loading conditions in which a passive, stiff spring would be expected to either lengthen (under increasing force) or maintain its length (under low force). These unexpected findings suggest the need for improvements in how we conceptually model and/or experimentally estimate MTU dynamics in vivo during motion analysis studies, particularly when the ankle plantarflexes beyond neutral.
Adaptive Kriging Stochastic Sampling and Density Approximation and Its Application to Rare-Event Estimation

AbstractThis paper examines the task of approximating or generating samples according to a target probability distribution when this distribution is expressed as a function of the response of an en...
Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease: The Case for Aggressive Behavioral Monitoring and Intervention

The hierarchy of evidence for arguing causality of a disease by any factor consists of epidemiological and, ultimately, treatment studies. The application of these criteria to chronic negative emotion as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) is relatively new. However, controlled prospective evidence now indicates that anger, depression, and anxiety may play a major role in the genesis of IHD. And the strongest form of evidence, a controlled clinical trial that used randomly assigned subjects, exists, implicating anger as a strong predictor in the development of IHD. Resistance to the utility of this avenue of care is not based on evidence alone because widely accepted risk factors and/or treatment modalities often have less persuasive evidence, or less powerful effects, than do the emotional factors. Rather, such resistance is largely due to “paradigmatic scotomata”—conceptual difficulties for those not familiar with biopsychosocial research. Routine psychometric screening of IHD patients may provide a cost-effective means of alerting cardiologists and internists to the relatively high levels of distress among their patients.
Class@Internet.Mkt

This paper describes the use of the Internet in a team taught interdisciplinary course covering both marketing and management information systems. The Internet is applied both as (1) a tool for communication and to facilitate research, and as (2) the marketing mix object resulting from research.
The LVAD Patient with Dark Urine and Elevated LDH: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pump Thrombosis

Ventricular assist device therapy provides patients with end-stage heart failure a durable treatment that improves survival and quality of life; however, pump hemolysis and thrombosis remain critical issues contributing to morbidity and mortality. Currently, no consensus exists on the full explanation for these phenomena, but it is hypothesized that variability in surgical implantation and clinical management strategies are strong contributing factors. Adoption of surgical principles and strict adherence to anti-thrombotic, anti-hypertensive, and pump flow protocols is crucial to reducing pump thrombosis. Early identification of hemolysis and therefore pump thrombosis followed by early intervention is key to improving overall morbidity and mortality.
Distribution of a photographic atlas did not reduce postoperative care utilization after pediatric circumcision or the indispensability of the pediatric urology clinic nurse.

Summary Background Surgery in children is increasingly ambulatory, and caregiver responsibilities for postoperative care can produce anxiety. Prior studies have suggested the distribution of a photographic atlas can mitigate caregiver anxiety and reduce clinic phone calls and in-person presentations after pediatric penile surgery. Objective A pilot study of the ability of a photographic atlas, distributed to caregivers, was aimed to be conducted to reduce postoperative resource utilization. Study design Patients undergoing circumcision or revision circumcision were randomized to standard postoperative instructions vs. standard instructions with a photographic atlas representing appropriate penile appearance at successive time points. Electronic records were reviewed for phone calls or in-person presentations to the clinic or emergency department (ED) within 1 month of surgery. Results Fourteen patients (44%) received the atlas, and 18 (56%) did not. Patients who received the atlas did not differ significantly from patients who did not receive it in their rate of clinic phone calls (36% vs 39%, p = 0.85), calls per patient (0.5 vs. 0.7, p = 0.78), ED visits (7% vs. 11%, p = 0.70), calls and visits combined (44% vs. 43%, p = 0.93), or the proportion of calls and emergency room presentations related to concerns about the penile appearance (22% vs. 36%, p = 0.66). Overall, 19 postoperative phone calls were received from 12 patients, and 4 visits to the ED were made by 3 patients. Reasons for calls to the clinic were diverse, and 9 distinct categories of concern were identified apart from wound appearance. Discussion The impressive diversity of caregiver concerns prompting postoperative communication may partly underlie the failure of the atlas to reduce resource utilization in this study. Most postoperative calls or visits were unrelated to concern about the penile appearance, which limits the degree to which this or any visual guide to wound healing can reduce the need for postoperative attention. Conclusion Receipt of the atlas did not significantly reduce postoperative contacts or affect the proportion of contacts represented by concerns about penile appearance. Resources must remain directed toward individualized attention to caregiver concerns, delivered by experienced urologic support staffs, who remain the mainstay of postoperative support.
Poetry as Research: Exploring second language poetry writing

Poetry as Research develops an approach that allows poetry writing to be used as a research method for exploring questions relating to second language learners and more broadly for studies within the humanities and social sciences. The book investigates the characteristics of poetry writing and situates poetry writing as a qualitative, arts-based, research process. The book utilizes computational linguistics, qualitative, bibliographic, and philosophical methods and investigates the process of writing poetry, the textual and literary characteristics of second language poetry, poetic identity and inquiry. The developed methodology is exemplified through a poetic inquiry of the study abroad experiences of ESL students. The book provides a comprehensive, informed and innovative approach to the investigation of understandings of personal experience. This book should be of interest to the fields of applied linguistics, stylistics, literary studies, creative writing and composition as well as anyone interested in using writing as a research method.
Influence of surface etching and oxidation on the morphological growth of Al2O3 by ALD

Abstract Selective deposition using atomic layer deposition has potential as a viable method for growing patterned nanostructured materials, thus advancing the design of next-generation electronics and catalysts. This study investigated how etching HOPG produces different densities of functional groups and different morphologies that were found to influence the growth of Al2O3 structures. Hydrochloric acid produced a high density of –OH and –COOH functional sites on terrace regions on HOPG in comparison to nitric acid that produced –OH functional sites at defects. After exposure to ALD cycles of trimethylaluminum and water, different structures of Al2O3 were found to grow on the functional sites compared to defect sites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectral imaging were used to characterize the changes in surface topography after etching and ALD. Vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to measure surface functionalization and quantify Al2O3 growth. Results suggest that the Al2O3 nucleation and growth at submonolayer coverage is affected by the surface functionalization as well as the topography and density of functional sites. This study finds that selective deposition on active areas are determined by the morphology and the functional groups that depend on the etching mechanism with the surface. These results suggest that understanding both the topography and type of functional site are necessary for designing the next-generation electronic devices and catalysts.
Erratum for Hoft et al., "The Rate of CD4 T Cell Entry into the Lungs during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Determined by Partial and Opposing Effects of Multiple Chemokine Receptors".

Volume 87, no. 6, e00841-18, 2019, [https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00841-18][1]. Page 1: The affiliations should appear as given in this Erratum. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/IAI.00841-18
Lattice strain and texture analysis of superhard Mo0.9W1.1BC and ReWC0.8via diamond anvil cell deformation

Mo0.9W1.1BC and ReWC0.8 compositions have recently been identified to have exceptional hardness and incompressibility. In this work, these compositions are analyzed via in situ radial X-ray diffraction experiments to comparatively assess lattice strain and texture development. Traditionally, Earth scientists have employed these experiments to enhance understanding of dynamic activity within the deep Earth. However, nonhydrostatic compression experiments provide insight into materials with exceptional mechanical properties, as they help elucidate correlations between structural, elastic, and mechanical properties. Here, analysis of differential strain (t/G) and lattice preferred orientation in Mo0.9W1.1BC suggests that dislocation glide occurs along the (010) plane in orthorhombic Mo0.9W1.1BC. The (200) and (002) planes support the highest differential strain, while planes which bisect two or three axes, such as the (110) or (191), exhibit relatively lower differential strain. In ReWC0.8, which crystallizes in a cubic NaCl-type structure, planar density is correlated to orientation-dependent lattice strain as the low-density (311) plane elastically supports more differential strain than the denser (111), (200), and (220) planes. Furthermore, results indicate that ReWC0.8 likely supports a higher differential stress t than Mo0.9W1.1BC and, based on a lack of texture development, bulk plastic yielding is not observed in ReWC0.8 upon compression to ∼60 GPa.
Saving Sonoran Pronghorn: Science, Policy, and Endangered Species

This chapter looks at efforts to conserve endangered species at Cabeza Prieta—in particular the Sonoran pronghorn. The preservation of pronghorn is an important component of the contemporary political and scientific landscape of refuge management. Border conservation presents unique challenges when it comes to endangered species, but the myriad of federal agencies working in and around Cabeza Prieta also serve to bolster species conservation efforts. Endangered species conservation offers an opportunity to increase the presence and power of the nation-state in the region, which contributes to the coevolution of conservation and militarization on the nation’s southern border.
Too high a price? Tax treaties with investment hubs in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper investigates the costs and benefits of concluding double tax treaties with investment hubs. Based on a sample of 41 African economies from 1985 to 2015, the results suggest that signing treaties with investment hubs is not associated with additional investments; yet, these treaties tend to come with non-negligible revenue losses. Building on a theoretical model, the paper investigates the role of treaty shopping in driving nominal investment flows and provides indirect evidence for its importance in the sample.
Millimeter wave ubitron experimental design

A broadband, 35GHz ubitron experiment is being assembled at NRL with the aid of a new 3-0 theory. The experiment will utilize a high-power, high-quality Pierce gun, and a bifilar helix wiggler. Details concerning the selection of parameters and the design of equipment will be presented.
1008 – INTERFERON GAMMA-MEDIATED REGULATION OF HSCS: MECHANISMS AND ROLE IN CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS.

Inflammatory conditions such as chronic infection or autoimmune disease are frequently associated with impaired hematopoiesis. Chronic interferon gamma (IFNγ)-mediated inflammatory signaling damages hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by disrupting quiescence, promoting excessive terminal differentiation, and increasing the propensity for secondary stress-induced apoptosis. In recent studies, we examined the mechanisms underlying IFNγ-mediated HSC activation. Using intravital three-dimensional microscopy, we found that IFNγ disrupts the normally close interaction between HSCs and CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells in the HSC niche. IFNγ-dependent relocalization and HSC activation are dependent on the cell surface protein BST2, which is induced by IFNγ. HSCs from mice lacking BST2 were more quiescent and resistant to depletion upon chronic infection. Thus, BST2 is a key regulator of HSC quiescence that promotes inflammation-induced niche relocalization and activation. Given that prolonged IFNγ signaling can lead to the depletion of HSCs, we examined the impact of IFNγ-mediated HSC responses on clonal hematopoiesis (CH), with particular attention to loss of function (LOF) mutations in Dnmt3a, the most commonly mutated gene in CH. We used a murine model to investigate the prediction that infection provides selective pressure favoring expansion of Dnmt3a-knock out HSCs. We created Dnmt3a mosaic mice by transplanting a mixed population of Dnmt3a-KO and WT HSCs into WT mice and observed substantial expansion of Dnmt3a-KO HSCs during chronic mycobacterial infection. Transcriptional profiling and functional studies indicate reduced differentiation and reduced secondary stress-induced apoptosis account for Dnmt3a KO clonal expansion during infection. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing reveals possible mechanisms for these effects. Thus, we demonstrate that IFNg signaling during chronic infection can drive DNMT3A-mutant CH. Our future work will continue to elucidate the avenues by which infections and inflammation alter primitive hematopoiesis.
Investigating Older Adults' Willingness to Invest Time to Acquire Technology Skills Using a Discounting Approach.

Background and Objectives Delay discounting is a common behavioral phenomenon that can influence decision making. A person with a higher discounting rate (DR) will have a stronger preference for smaller, more immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards than will a person with a lower DR. This study used a novel approach to investigate, among a diverse sample of older adults, discounting of the time people were willing to invest to acquire technology skills across various technologies. Research Design and Methods One hundred and eighty-seven male and female adults 65-92 years of age participated in the study and were given presentations on 5 different technologies spanning domains that included transportation, leisure, health, and new learning. A measure of discounting was computed based on participants' assessments of how much additional time they would be willing to spend to acquire increased skill levels on each of the technologies and their ratings of importance of attaining those skill levels. Measures of participants' perceived value of the technologies, technology readiness, and self-assessed cognitive abilities were also collected. Results The findings indicated a significant and robust effect of lower DRs with increasing age. Higher perceived value of the technologies and higher levels of positive technology readiness predicted willingness to invest more time to learn the technologies, whereas self-assessments of cognitive abilities predicted the levels of technology skills that participants desired on the 5 technologies. Discussion and Implications Our findings demonstrate that for realistic decision-making scenarios related to the acquisition of technology skills, DRs decrease with increasing age, even within an older adult cohort, and that discounting is related to the perceived value of the technology. The findings also have important implications for the design and marketing of technology products for older consumers.
Design, alpha testing, and beta testing of a 3-D printed open-hardware portable cryopreservation device for aquatic species

Efforts in development of germplasm repositories to preserve genetic resources of aquatic species are impeded globally by a lack of standardized, inexpensive, reproducible, and portable cryopreserv...
Anaerobic Treatment of Waste Streams from the Organic Chemicals Industry

Results of laboratory experimentation will be presented that describe the anaerobic treatability of certain organic compounds and of a range of process waste streams generated by the organic chemicals industry.
Person-centered care in intensive care medicine

SourceURL:file://localhost/Users/mark/Desktop/PCMinICU.anon.doc The provision of intensive care medicine presents particular challenges for a person-centered medicine. The intensive care unit can be a dehumanizing place, where patients often fail to appear to be persons and where burnout and depersonalization on the part of providers is common. Most people who require intensive care are unable to participate directly in their own healthcare decision making. Incorporating individual patient goals and values into decision making, then, requires explicit and active effort on the part of intensivists to elicit that information from a variety of sources. In addition, clinical decision making in the ICU is highly dependent upon pathophysiologic reasoning and technical knowledge that is not readily accessible to individual patients and families. Access to and continuation of intensive care medicine is generally controlled by providers of the service. This locus of control, along with the fact that need for ICU level care generally occurs due to acute, severe illness, means that individuals may be denied or subjected to intensive care against their will. The provision of person-centered intensive care, then, places a high degree of responsibility upon clinicians to ensure that care is individualized and to respect patients as persons. Several practical recommendations to aid clinicians in achieving these goals are offered.
Maintenance treatment for old-age depression preserves health-related quality of life: a randomized, controlled trial of paroxetine and interpersonal psychotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy sustain gains in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) achieved during short-term treatment in older patients with depression. DESIGN: After open combined treatment with paroxetine and interpersonal psychotherapy, responders were randomly assigned to a two (paroxetine vs placebo) by two (monthly interpersonal psychotherapy vs clinical management) double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance trial. HR-QOL outcomes were assessed over 1 year. SETTING: University-based clinic. PATIENTS: Of the referred sample of 363 persons aged 70 and older with major depression, 210 gave consent, and 195 started acute treatment; 116 met criteria for recovery, entered maintenance treatment, and were included in this analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Paroxetine; monthly manual-based interpersonal psychotherapy. MEASUREMENTS: Overall HR-QOL as measured using the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) and six specific HR-QOL domains derived from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) subscales. RESULTS: All domains of HR-QOL except physical functioning improved with successful acute and continuation treatment. After controlling for any effects of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy was superior to placebo in preserving overall well-being (P=.04, effect size (r)=0.23), social functioning (P=.02, r=0.27), and role limitations due to emotional problems (P=.007, r=0.30). Interpersonal psychotherapy (controlling for the effects of pharmacotherapy) did not preserve HR-QOL better than supportive clinical management. CONCLUSION: Maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy is superior to placebo in preserving improvements in overall well-being achieved with treatment response in late-life depression. No such benefit was seen with interpersonal psychotherapy.
Student Hits in an Internet-Supported Course: How Can Instructors Use Them and What Do They Mean?.

The world of education is changing as Web-based technology and courseware are increasingly used for delivery of course material. In this environment, instructors may need new measures for determining student involvement, and ultimately student performance. This study examines whether hits to a Web site have any value for predicting student performance in a traditional course supported by Web activities. Total Hits at the end of the semester was used as one measure. Hit Consistency, determined by assigning a 0 when no hits occurred between class meetings and by assigning a 1 when one or more hits occurred between class meetings, was another. Hit Consistency was significantly correlated with course average (r= .37, p .05) at the end of the semester or during any week. These results suggest that students who consistently access a Web site will perform better than those who do not. When Hit Consistency and Total Hits were entered as independent variables into a stepwise regression with course average as the dependent variable, the model was enhanced by the addition of Total Hits after Hit Consistency was entered (R= .43, p < .001). Hierarchical regression analysis in which cumulative grade point average was entered as the first controlling variable suggested that online access may go beyond the predictive value of achievement alone for predicting course performance with Hit Consistency appearing to be the dominant causal variable.
Hiroshima and two paradoxes of Japanese nuclear perplexity

For the Japanese people, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 are singular moments of holocaust which have produced collective memories so powerful that repeated attempts by...
The Dialectical Relationship between Place and Space in Education: How the Internet Is Changing Our Perceptions of Teaching and Learning.

In this essay Michael Glassman and Jonathan Burbidge explore the idea of a dialectical relationship between the traditional place(s) of teaching/learning settings and the challenges to our perceptions created by the new spaces of the Internet. The authors examine this topic in the context of a three-stage evolution of humans' relationship with new technologies: (1) fear of how new technologies will change our everyday actions, (2) recognition of emerging technologies as tools capable of offering new possibilities in our activities, and (3) integration of new technologies into productive everyday activities. The Internet is moving quickly through all three stages, but this process takes different forms with disparate populations. What makes recognition of the fast-moving integration of Internet technology important in the field of education is that students and educators are often at different points in this process. It is critical that we are aware of the role technology is playing in the classroom, in particular the dynamic dialectical relationship between space and place.
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Cognitive decline in PD results in significant impairment and the development of dementia is a major predictor of nursing home placement and death. The estimates of dementia in PD range from 31% to 84% [1–3]. There has been widespread use of the term mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to describe an intermediate stage between normal cognitive function and dementia [4,5]. While the majority of research published on MCI has been in the field of Alzheimer’s disease, our group and others have reported patients with PD and MCI who have cognitive dysfunction but do not yet meet criteria for dementia [6–10]. One issue in studying cognitive decline in PD has been the tools utilized. Some studies have used the Mini Mental Status Exam [11], others have used batteries of neuropsychological tests, and others a more recent global test, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [10]. Various domains can be defined, including attention, language, executive function, construction and praxis, and visuo-spatial function, but the tests utilized by different investigators, the degree to which abnormalities must be present, and the criteria used to define an abnormality vary greatly. Dubois et al. [12] have published recommendations for tests to be used to define cognitive decline in PD. However, as this is a very recent publication studies utilizing this paradigm have not yet been published. In addition to the differences in methodology, there are numerous differences in defining cognitive impairment in PD. Most studies state that PD with dementia requires the patient to meet DSM III or IV criteria for dementia or have a cut-off score on the MMSE. Recently, newer criteria for dementia in PD have been published by Emre et al. [13], but most published studies to date do not incorporate these criteria. So, it is difficult to tease out from the literature what defines cognitive impairment in PD and then what is the prevalence and incidence in this disease. Other confounding factors in studies of cognitive dysfunction in PD include medication effects as well as just the definition used to diagnose PD. Finally, as depression is
Lifetime lead intoxication: influence on the amygdaloid kindling model of epileptogenesis.

Abstract The nature of amygdaloid kindled seizures was studied in adult rats which were intoxicated with lead starting in neonatal life. Lactating females were exposed to lead via the drinking water (0.25% lead acetate) and the litters were continued on this level of lead after weaning at 27 days of age. When compared to controls, levels of lead in the blood and brain were significantly higher in lead-exposed rats, both at the time of weaning as well as post-kindling, beyond 150 days of age. Parameters relating to amygdaloid kindled seizures, including the rate of kindling, seizure latency and seizure threshold were not significantly different in lead-treated rats than in controls. However, duration of behavioral seizures and afterdischarges was significantly longer in rats exposed to lead. Our data suggest that, although lead intoxication starting in neonatal life does not appear to affect the susceptibility to development of amygdaloid kindled seizures, it may enhance seizure severity in this model of epileptogenesis.