cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Irreversible blunted respiratory sensitivity to hypoxia in high altitude natives

Abstract To further explore the blunted hypoxic drive to ventilation seen in the high altitude natives, the steady-state ventilatory response to inhaled CO(in2) at three to four levels of P a O2 was investigated in the following groups of subjects at altitude and at sea level. At altitude (4540 m, P b 445 mm Hg): 6 high altitude natives, 8 lowlander residents for 1 2 to 35 yr and 3 lowlander visitors for 2 to 3 weeks; at sea level (P b 758 mm Hg): 3 highlander residents for 10 months and 2 sea level natives. No difference in CO2 sensitivity between the groups at altitude and at sea level was apparent, although the sea level values were lower as expected. Both the interactive and additive effects of hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli on ventilation were less in the highlanders, and this blunted response was not reversed by 10 months residence at sea level. The sea level natives maintained their higher respiratory sensitivity to hypoxia than the highlanders at 4540 m regardless of the length of acclimatization during adult life. Thus life-long hypoxemia or genetic factors) may have been responsible for the decreased hypoxic ventilatory response in highlanders.
Effect of Cell Mechanics on the Transient Force Response of a Molecular Bond and the Derived Kinetic Off-Rate

Molecular force has a fundamental role in cellular motility. The correct knowledge of the transient history of molecular force is essential for accurate estimation of kinetics parameters through force spectroscopy. Currently, it is assumed that the molecular force is instantaneously equal to the externally applied force. In this work we predict via analytical models and simulation of two cells attached by a single bond that cell mechanics and hydrodynamics modulates the externally applied force such that the instantaneous bond force is not equivalent. Various mechanical models (solid, elastic, viscoelastic) of cells and microvilli are considered over relevant ranges of loading rates (102-105 pN/s) and force magnitudes (0-200 pN). Specifically it is demonstrated that both microvillus extension and tether formation decrease the pulling force imposed on the adhesive bonds leading to a prolonged bond lifetime. It is demonstrated that modulation of molecular force leads to inaccurate estimation of kinetic off-rate. In particular, it is shown that the applied force is not instantaneously experienced by the adhesive bond even when the cell and microvilli are modeled as solid materials. It is further shown that microvillus elasticity plays a role in bond behavior characterization.
GENETICS OF HUMAN CELL LINES III. INCORPORATION OF 5-BROMO- AND 5-IODODEOXYHRIDINE INTO THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID OF HUMAN CELLS AND ITS EFFECT ON RADIATION SENSITIVITY

The human cell line D98S can be cultivated indefinitely in the presence of up to 3 x 10–5 M 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR), without loss of cell viability. During this time, BUDR is incorporated into both strands of the DNA molecules, replacing up to 45 per cent of the thymidine and thereby rendering the cells highly sensitive to UV light and to x-rays. Cells grown for a limited period of time in the presence of 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) become UV-sensitized, while prolonged cultivation with IUDR results in the loss of cell viability. The properties of the BUDR label permitted the demonstration that: (a) human DNA replicates in a "semiconservative" manner; (b) the degree of radiosensitization of BUDR-treated cells depends on whether the DNA has been substituted in one strand only ("unifilarly") or in both strands ("bifilarly"); (c) functional human DNA is produced during partial inhibition of protein synthesis. The potential applicability of this new rational principle of radiosensitization to the radiotherapy of neoplastic diseases is discussed.
Depression Screening in Congregate Meal Sites for Older Adults

Abstract This study assessed the feasibility of depression screening in older adults attending congregate meal sites. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was administered to anonymous volunteers at 8 sites using self-scoring with group guidance. At 4 additional sites, attendees were offered the GDS with scoring instructions for individual completion on-site or for return by mail. Out of 227 attendees at the 12 meal sites, only 28% participated. Incomplete screens and scoring difficulties were common. Participants were observed comparing item responses with tablemates. Low energy, boredom, and memory problems were more commonly endorsed than hopelessness or poor spirits. We conclude that group depression screening, using self-scoring, was problematic. One-on-one assisted GDS administration appears to be necessary for accurate completion and scoring in this setting.
On the gaps of the Markoff spectrum

Letf be a reduced real indefinite binary quadratic form, having an arithmetic minimum that is the inverse of a left endpoint of a gap of the Markoff spectrum. Then the roots off are eventually periodic continued fractions, provided that $$\min \{ |f(p,q)|:p^2 + q^2 > 0,p,q \operatorname{int} egers\} $$ exists.
Eventration of the diaphragm.

Objective Eventration of the diaphragm (ED) is defined as the abnormal elevation of the diaphragm. Although asymptomatic ED may be amenable to conservative treatment, symptomatic ED in children, either congenital or acquired, may require surgical treatment. This study evaluated the results of diaphragmatic plication in children with unilateral ED. Methods Fifteen patients who had undergone diaphragmatic plication for ED between 1997 and 2003 were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis of ED was established by routine chest radiographs and fluoroscopy. Patients who failed to respond to nonoperative treatment were referred for surgery. Nine patients underwent diaphragmatic fluoroscopy 1-5 years following plication to assess function. Results Indications for diaphragmatic plication were respiratory symptoms such as tachypnoea, dyspnoea, recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. In 14 patients, the position of the diaphragm was normal after plication, but the diaphragm was elevated without symptoms in one patient during postoperative follow-up. The motion of the diaphragm was investigated in nine patients. Fluoroscopic studies showed that the operated hemidiaphragm was immobile and there was no paradoxical motion. No return of symptoms was found during follow-up. Conclusion ED is the abnormal elevation of the diaphragm as a result of paralysis or aplasia of the muscular fibres. The abnormally elevated diaphragm may compress the ipsilateral lung, and with respiratory effort the mediastinum may shift towards the normal side. Therefore, diaphragmatic plication is performed to restore normal pulmonary parenchymal volume by replacing the diaphragm in its normal location. After plication, there was immediate remission of symptoms in most patients and decreasing symptoms were observed for a year in others. During follow-up, the location of the diaphragm was normal and no paradoxical movement was observed. Relapse of symptoms was not noted in patients with immobile diaphragms.
Comparison of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone and its thymolated derivative in experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Each of 36 guinea pigs was infected intraperitoneally with virulent tubercle bacilli. After 16 days, six were killed and found to have tuberculous lesions. On the same day, the remaining animals were divided into three groups of 10 animals each, namely controls, those treated with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), and those treated with DDS-thymol. Treatment continued for 116 days, at which time all survivors were killed. Six controls had died by this time. All controls, including four survivors, had extensive tuberculosis. Of those animals treated with DDS-thymol, two died prematurely; two others died after 53 and 81 days of treatment, respectively, and had extensive lesions. Of the surviving six animals, one had a few residual foci in the liver and lungs and two others had microscopically evident lesions in the lungs only. All had caseous lesions in lymph nodes. None of these animals showed any toxic effect from the drug. None of the animals given DDS died; four had evidence of pulmonary tuberculous lesions. All had caseous foci in the lymph nodes and enlarged cyanotic spleens with dilated sinusoids and many pigment-laden macrophages. The administration of DDS-thymol to tuberculous guinea pigs resulted in regression of the disease, but the beneficial effect was less than that of DDS. The hematotoxic effects of DDS, as determined by splenic changes, were not seen in animals given DDS-thymol. It was not determined whether DDS-thymol has a direct action or if it is active because of DDS liberated in vivo.
Thermodynamics of gas solubilities in molten polymers

Perturbed-hard-chain theory is extended to mixtures of polymers and volatile fluids, including supercritical gases. This extension is used to derive an expression for Henry's constant for a solute in a molten polymer. Theoretical calculations and data reduction are reported for a variety of solutes in polyethylene, polyisobutylene, and poly(dimethyl siloxane) in the temperature region 25–300°C. Calculated Henry's constants and their temperature dependence are generally in good agreement with the limited experimental data now available.
Four-component model for counseling clients with traumatic childhood abuse

To treat the effects of traumatic childhood abuse effectively, we propose a model which incorporates information from neurophysiological, psychoeducational, cognitive, and social work literature. The four components of the model reflect the broad range of explanations for pathology posed by researchers and also support the breadth of interventions available for use with survivors of childhood abuse. The model relies on individualized assessment and treatment related to the physiological response to abuse, faulty learning, cognitive and psychological problems, and social effects of abuse. This model contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework complementary to many theoretical orientations, is useful across the helping disciplines, and appropriate in multidisciplinary settings.
Global state detection based on peer-to-peer interactions

This paper presents an algorithm for global state detection based on peer-to-peer interactions. The interactions in distributed systems can be analyzed in terms of the peer-to-peer pairwise interactions of intervals between processes. This paper examines the problem: “If a global state of interest to an application is specified in terms of the pairwise interaction types between each pair of peer processes, how can such a global state be detected?” Devising an efficient algorithm is a challenge because of the overhead of having to track the intervals at different processes. We devise a distributed on-line algorithm to efficiently manage the distributed data structures and solve this problem. We prove the correctness of the algorithm and analyze its complexity.
Flow Cytometry: Long-Term Storage of Propidium Iodide/Citrate-Stained Material

Single cell suspensions stained by the propidium iodide/hypotonic citrate method for DNA content analysis by flow cytometry can be mixed with an equal amount of 70% alcohol for long-term storage and shipping without introduction of artifacts or loss of fluorescence.
Anatomical structure labeling in apical four-chamber view echocardiogram images

Anatomical structure labeling in echocardiogram images will assist cardiac disease diagnosis by providing a framework for doing geometrical statistics. General labeling algorithms often focus on stationary body structures and do not perform well in echocardiography due to cardiac motion, low signal to noise ratio, and structural deformation caused by diseases. In this paper, we propose a new method for anatomical structure labeling in echocardiography that adopts the structure layout consistency, and works on mid-level primitives (segments). Specifically, the proposed method defines a constellation model, and based on which, a model score function is designed to measure the consistency between a testing candidate configuration and the constellation model. The parameters of the score function are learned through a discriminative training framework. Given a test image and its corresponding multi-level segmentation, we use an MCMC-based algorithm to infer the configuration which best fits the constellation model. We evaluate the proposed method on 50 images. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The digestive protease, chymotrypsin, as an indicator of nutritional condition in larval red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus )

Laboratory-reared red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae were used to evaluate the potential of chymotrypsin as an indicator of nutritional condition in marine fish larvae. The response of chymotrypsin activity to food deprivation and reductions in nutrient intake was determined. Enzyme activity declined rapidly to undetectable levels in food-deprived larvae 6–18 days old. Larvae fed poor-quality live prey (starved rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis) exhibited reductions in growth (18%) and enzyme activity (84%) relative to larvae fed high-quality prey (enriched rotifers). Potential sources of variation in chymotrypsin activity unrelated to nutritional status, including diel periodicity, and exogenous enzymes sources were examined. A diel pattern in chymotrypsin activity was detected with an 8.7-fold increase in activity occurring from low to high points during a 24-h period. Highest activity levels occurred late in the day (1600 hours) and lowest activity in the morning prior to feeding (0800 hours). The estimated contribution of exogenous enzymes from prey in the digestive tract to measurements of larval enzyme activity was small, reaching a maximum of 4.1% on day 18 in well-fed larvae. Results indicate that exogenous enzymes will not lead to the misclassification of larvae in poor condition. A relationship between chymotrypsin activity and standard length was established for well-fed and food-deprived larvae that could potentially be used to determine the nutritional condition of wild-caught larvae.
Epidermal ultrastructure and implications for sulfide tolerance in six species of deep‐sea polychaetes

. Ultrastructural characteristics of the epidermis of 5 deep-sea vestimentiferan tube worms and an orbiniid worm were similar to those described from other organisms inhabiting sulfidic environments. The integument was composed of a simple or pseudostratified layer of columnar or cuboidal cells, covered by a cuticle of varying thickness, and rested on an extracellular matrix. Unusual mitochondrial morphology was observed in the peripheral region of the epidermis, characterized by an electron-dense matrix and granules. The abnormal size, shape, and reduced array of cristae in these mitochondria may have resulted from environmental stress. Mitochondria in the inner epidermal layers, where they are more protected from sulfide exposure, displayed normal morphology. The seep vestimentiferans (Seepiophila jonesi and Lamellibrachia cf. luymesi) exhibited numerous electron-dense organelles, similar in morphology to cytolysosomes and previously described as sulfide oxidizing bodies, while in the 3 vent vestimentiferans (Riftia pachyptila, Tevnia jerichonana, and Oasisia alvinae) and the seep orbiniid Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata, fewer of these organelles were observed. Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of these electron-dense organelles indicated the presence of sulfur, iron, zinc, and copper, as well as lesser amounts of other elements. We propose that these epidermal cytolysosomes are morphologically similar to previously described sulfide oxidizing bodies that have been hypothesized to play a role in maintaining aerobically poised animal metabolism in sulfide-enriched habitats.
A loss model for interdigital filters

Interdigital filters are widely used in the various cellular telephone systems. These filters are a convenient size in the cellular frequency bands and lend themselves to a fairly straightforward and economical realization. They are useful as both transmit and receive filters, and can be made to handle the RF power loads and to meet most of the loss requirements of a cellular cell site. Because the design constraints are often quite rigorous, it is very useful to be able to accurately predict the expected losses in the passband of these filters. A fairly simple model is presented which has been found quite useful in predicting these losses. The model is specifically designed for use with analysis programs such as PSpice. With the ability to accurately predict the expected losses in the filter, it is often possible to eliminate one iteration in the design process. >
THE NARRATION OF COLLECTIVE TRAUMA: THE ''TRUE STORY'' OF JASPER, TEXAS

The 1998 murder of African American James Byrd, Jr., in Jasper, Texas, activated narrative strategies within the community that sought to give coherence to, or otherwise appropriate and utilize this trauma for a variety of purposes. Via interviews with community civic and religious leaders, and analysis of their public statements to the media, this article uses psychoanalytic and anthropological frameworks to examine the psychological and structural needs to narrate trauma; struggles over whose narrative holds sway; the emerging ‘‘story’’ that Jasper presented to the world in an attempt to define itself and narrate what transpired and why; and implications for the silenced narratives.
Lost in translation: facing up to translational research.

In the business world (which inches ever closer to the scientific world), terms such as “think out of the box” and “paradigm shift” are so in vogue that they are out of fashion. After all, the only people who actually think in boxes are the dead, and since the word “paradigm” does not mean anything, the term “paradigm shift” is just as meaningful (another corporatism) as “sausage shift.” Currently, in science, we have our own buzz word, “translational research.” Whichever academic center you visit and whatever despairing grant review panel you sit on, I guarantee that the term “translational research” will surface. In fact, I bet that somewhere on earth at every second of every day, somebody somewhere is using the term “translational research” because they are tacitly aware of the fact that a paradigm shift is upon us and that there is an urgent need to think out of the box and reinvent our corporate culture—as scientists. What is translational research? Can I …
Low Temperature Silicides for Poly-Silicon Thin Film Transistor Applications

Thin films of cobalt, nickel, and tungsten were sputtered on three types of silicon materials to explore their potential for use as silicides in thin film transistor technologies for active matrix liquid crystal displays. The metals were sputtered onto single-crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon. The metals were annealed in vacuum after deposition over temperatures ranging from 250°C to 750°C. The sheet resistance of the resulting suicide films was measured using a four point probe apparatus. Cobalt suicides with sheet resistance of less than 4 Ω/□ were formed at 600°C. Nickel produced films with sheet resistance below 10 Ω/□ at 350°C, though the surface was required to be vacuum-clean. In this study, tungsten did not produce silicides. Surface preparation has been found to be an important factor in tungsten and nickel silicidation.
Peers’ Perceptions of Gender Nonconformity Associations With Overt and Relational Peer Victimization and Aggression in Early Adolescence

The current study used reports from 318 early adolescents to examine the associations of peer-reported gender nonconformity with peer- and self-reported overt and relational victimization and aggression and possible sex differences in these associations. Multiple-group structural equation modeling revealed that higher levels of peer-reported gender nonconformity were associated with higher self- and peer-reports of overt and relational victimization and aggression among males and females. The association between peer-reported gender nonconformity and peer-reported overt aggression was moderated by participant sex, such that the association was stronger for females compared to males. Results suggest that perceived gender nonconformity is associated with problematic peer relations, especially among females, in early adolescence and implications of these associations are discussed.
Targeted Random Mutagenesis To Identify Functionally Important Residues in the D2 Protein of Photosystem II in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

To identify important residues in the D2 protein of photosystem II (PSII) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, we randomly mutagenized a region of psbDI (coding for a 96-residue-long C-terminal part of D2) with sodium bisulfite. Mutagenized plasmids were introduced into a Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 mutant that lacks both psbD genes, and mutants with impaired PSII function were selected. Nine D2 residues were identified that are important for PSII stability and/or function, as their mutation led to impairment of photoautotrophic growth. Five of these residues are likely to be involved in the formation of the QA-binding niche; these are Ala249, Ser254, Gly258, Ala260, and His268. Three others (Gly278, Ser283, and Gly288) are in transmembrane α-helix E, and their alteration leads to destabilization of PSII but not to major functional alterations of the remaining centers, indicating that they are unlikely to interact directly with cofactors. In the C-terminal lumenal tail of D2, only one residue (Arg294) was identified as functionally important for PSII. However, from the number of mutants generated it is likely that most or all of the 70 residues that are susceptible to bisulfite mutagenesis have been altered at least once. The fact that mutations in most of these residues have not been picked up by our screening method suggests that these mutations led to a normal photoautotrophic phenotype. A novel method of intragenic complementation in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was developed to facilitate genetic analysis of psbDI mutants containing several amino acid changes in the targeted domain. Recombination between genome copies in the same cell appears to be much more prevalent in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 than was generally assumed.
Risk Perceptions, Optimism, and Natural Hazards

This article uses the panel survey developed for the Health and Retirement Study to evaluate whether Hurricane Andrew in 1992 altered longevity expectations of respondents who lived in Dade County, Florida, the location experiencing the majority of about 20 billion dollars of damage. Longevity expectations have been used as a proxy measure for both individual subjective risk assessments and dispositional optimism. The panel structure allows comparison of those respondents' longevity assessments when the timing of their survey responses bracket Andrew with those of individuals where it does not. After controlling for health effects, the results indicate a significant reduction in longevity expectations due to the information respondents appear to have associated with the storm.
Thermal Decomposition of Organo-Ammonium Compounds Exchanged onto Montmorillonite and Hectorite

A series of organic ammonium ions were exchanged onto clay minerals montmorillonite and hectorite. Thermal effects on these surface modified organic-inorganic complexes were investigated by means of differential thermal analysis and heating-oscillating X-ray diffraction methods. It was found that the organo-clay complexes were dehydrogenated at temperatures from 180 to 350°C, depending on the organic cation used. Following the dehydrogenation, hydrolysis took place leaving a layer of “carbon” on the clay surface. The “carbon” was then oxidized at a temperature of about 550°C. Investigation of possible correlations between the activation energy of dehydrogenation and basicity, boiling point, ionization potential, molecular structure, and carbon-carbon bond distances of the organic cations showed that the geometric factors outweighed the acid, chemical and electronic factors in determining the effect of montmorillonite and hectorite toward the dehydrogenation of organic ions exchanged on the surfaces of these clay minerals.
Atoms for Peace and Nuclear Hegemony: The Rhetorical Structure of a Cold War Campaign

Dwight Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace program, far from being idealistic, propaganda for the sake of propaganda, or an inconsistent and contradictory part of arms control policy, was, instead, a carefully designed-and highly successful-component of the basic defense and foreign policy stance of the Eisenhower administration. As part of a coordinated campaign to achieve national security goals, Atoms for Peace can be seen as the rhetorical counterpart to the New Look doctrine. By diverting audience attention, paving the way for the nuclearization of NATO forces, and serving as the rationale for export of nuclear technologies, Atoms for Peace was a central component of the administration's national security strategy.
Does Mammographic Density have an Impact on the Margin Re-excision Rate After Breast-Conserving Surgery?

Limited and conflicting data exist on an association between mammographic density (MD) and re-excision rates after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Additionally, the correlation of MD with resection of unnecessary margins during initial BCS is unknown. All women with a diagnosis of breast cancer from 2003 to 2012 and enrolled in a larger study on MD were evaluated. Operative and pathology reports were reviewed to determine margin resection and involvement. Mammographic density was determined both by breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification and by an automated software program (Volpara Solutions). Additional margins were deemed unnecessary if the lumpectomy specimen margin was free of invasive tumor [≥2 mm for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)] or if further re-excision was needed. Of 655 patients, 398 (60.8 %) had BCS, whereas 226 (34.5 %) underwent initial mastectomy. The women with denser breasts (BI-RADS 3 or 4) underwent initial mastectomy more frequently than the women with less dense breasts (40.0 vs. 30.5 %, respectively; p = 0.0118). Of the patients with BCS, 166 (41.7 %) required separate re-excision. Additional margins were taken during BCS in 192 (48.2 %) patients, with 151 (78.6 %) proving to be unnecessary. In the bivariable analysis, the patients with denser breasts according to BI-RADS classification and volumetric density showed a trend toward requiring more frequent re-excision, but this association was not seen in the multivariable analysis. The rate of unnecessary margins did not differ by breast density. In the multivariate analysis, the re-excision rates increased with DCIS (p < 0.0003) and decreased with resection of additional margins (p = 0.0043). Mammographic density is not associated with an increased need for re-excision or resection of unnecessary margins at initial BCS.
Lazy eye shooter: making a game therapy for visual recovery in adult amblyopia usable

As many as three quarters of a million preschoolers are at risk for amblyopia in the United States, so appropriate screening and accessible treatment are very important. Recent studies have shown that playing action video games results in a range of improved spatial and temporal visual functions, including visual acuity. Lazy Eye Shooter is a game treatment that takes advantage of these findings in that the software contains a dichoptic display in a First Person Shooter (FPS) action video game. FPS games are unfortunately among the most difficult games to learn for naive subjects. Given that the treatment requires over 40 hours of playtime, we wanted to make sure that subjects were successful at the game from the very beginning. We describe several methods we have used to make the overall experiences of subjects more positive and discuss current preliminary results from the use of Lazy Eye Shooter.
A universal mid-trimester transvaginal cervical length screening program and its associated reduced preterm birth rate

Background Mid-trimester transvaginal cervical length assessment can identify women who are at risk of preterm birth and afford opportunities for preterm birth prevention. However, the incidence of a short cervix is low, and some physicians have questioned whether a universal screening program among women without a previous preterm birth would be beneficial. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine whether the introduction of a universal transvaginal cervical length screening program is associated with a reduction in the preterm birth rate. Study Design This is a cohort study of women with singleton gestations and without any previous preterm births who underwent an obstetric sonogram at 18-24 weeks of gestation and who had their delivery at a single tertiary institution from January 2007 to January 2014. In July 2011, a program was implemented in which all pregnant women who had a sonogram at 18-24 weeks of gestation were to receive a transvaginal cervical length measurement. The preterm birth rates were compared before and after the implementation of the universal cervical length screening program. Multivariable analysis was used to identify whether the universal cervical length screening program was associated independently with the frequency of preterm birth. The Breslow-Day test for homogeneity was used to assess whether any interaction existed in the association based on parity. Results Of 64,207 eligible women, 46,598 underwent their mid-trimester sonogram before the universal cervical length screening program, and 17,609 underwent a sonogram after implementation of the program. Of the 17,590 women (99.9%) who agreed to cervical length measurement, 157 (0.89%) had a measurement of ≤25 mm. The introduction of the cervical length program was associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of preterm birth at Conclusion The introduction of a universal transvaginal cervical length screening program in women without a history of preterm birth is associated with a reduction in the frequency of preterm birth.
From Geometry to Conceptual Relativity

The purported fact that geometric theories formulated in terms of points and geometric theories formulated in terms of lines are "equally correct" is often invoked in arguments for conceptual relativity, in particular by Putnam and Goodman. We discuss a few notions of equivalence between �first-order theories, and we then demonstrate a precise sense in which this purported fact is true. We argue, however, that this fact does not undermine metaphysical realism.
Influence of Structural Disorder on Hollandites AxRu4O8 (A+ = K, Rb, Rb1–xNax)

Structural disorder can play an important role in the electrical properties of correlated materials. In this work we examine the average and local disorder in hollandites AxRu4O8 (A+ = K, Rb, Rb1–xNax) through neutron total scattering techniques. Samples with A+ = Rb, Rb1–xNax exhibit the largest amount of local disorder as evidenced by higher atomic displacement parameters, and as a result, a weakened temperature dependence of the resistivity is observed upon cooling as compared to KxRu4O8. All samples exhibit anisotropic resistivity that is dominated by metallic conductivity at lower temperatures, and this is corroborated by Pauli paramagnetic behavior throughout the measured temperature regime.
Abstract 3008: Shared gene expression alterations in prostate cancer and histologically benign prostate from patients with prostate cancer

The frequent observations of heterogeneous tumor foci in prostate cancers indicate that the molecular changes induced by carcinogenic insult take place over wide areas within the diseased prostate. These ‘field effect’ alterations provide important clues regarding the initiation of prostate cancer (PCa) and suggest targets for cancer prevention or biomarkers for early detection. However, PCa field effect biomarkers that have passed independent validation are lacking largely because these alterations are subtle and difficult to distinguish from unrelated small changes in gene expression in the benign prostate. We postulated that shared expression alterations in PCa and in benign prostate tissue in prostate glands that contain prostate cancer (BPC) would have a higher potential for independent validation than alterations identified in BPC alone. Expression analyses was performed on PCa (n = 37) and unmatched BPC (n = 36) and contrasted with benign prostate glands (BP) from patients free of prostate cancer (n =28). These analyses identified gene alterations that were concomitantly present in both PCa and BPC. The majority of the selected markers were validated by quantitative RT-PCR in an independent set of BPC (n = 33) and BP (n =18). Validated markers included genes and non-exonic sequences not previously associated with PCa field effect. A statistical model based on CCNB1 and non-exonic NACA locus discriminated between BPC and BP in the RT-PCR set and in an external microarray dataset with accuracies of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. Genes with predominant expression in prostate stroma were identified by expression profiling of stroma and epithelial cells collected by laser captured microdissection. Pathway analysis identified enriched GO categories in BPC stroma including PDGFR signaling. These results validate our approach for finding PCa field effect alterations and demonstrate a prostate cancer transcriptome fingerprint in the adjacent non-neoplastic cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3008. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3008
A Refined MS-EVB Model for Proton Transport in Aqueous Environments

In order to improve the description of proton mobility in aqueous environments, a revised multistate empirical valence bond model (aMS-EVB3) is developed. The new aMS-EVB3 model is built upon an anharmonic water force field (aSPC/Fw) in which the OH bond potential is described through a quartic approximation to a Morse potential. First, it is shown that the aSPC/Fw anharmonic water model provides an accurate description of water at ambient conditions and reproduces the available experimental data for several structural, thermodynamic, and dynamical properties. Second, it is shown that, when applied to the study of proton solvation and transport in bulk water, the new aMS-EVB3 model accurately describes the solvation structure around the excess proton. Importantly, the new aMS-EVB3 model predicts a significantly larger proton diffusion coefficient than previous models, which largely improves the agreement with the available experimental data.
Apocynum cannabinum seed germination and vegetative shoot emergence.

Apocynum cannabinum is a native creeping perennial distributed throughout the U.S., with increasing importance in reduced tillage systems throughout the Midwest. Apocynum cannabinum has been shown to be a difficult species to control in field crops. Effective weed management is often a function of the timing of control practice. Knowledge of weed emergence patterns may be useful in predicting the optimum time of weed management. The objectives of these studies were to describe how temperature and moisture affect A. cannabinum seed germination and to describe the relationship between growing degree units (GDU) and A. cannabinum vegetative shoot emergence. At constant temperatures, seed germination was described as a sigmoidal function of temperature (r 2 = 0.83), with maximum germination (32%) from 26 to 34 C. Under alternating temperatures, seed germination increased in a linear relationship between mean temperatures of 15 and 34 C (r 2 = 0.85). Maximum seed germination (88%) occurred at a mean temperature of 34 C under alternating temperatures. The relationship between seed germination and osmotic potential between −1.0 and 0 MPa was described by a gompertz function (r 2 = 0.98). Germination at −1.0 MPa was 4% and increased in a near linear manner to the nontreated control (0 MPa), which had 80% germination. Vegetative shoot emergence in 1997 and 1998 had a sigmoidal relationship to GDU using a base temperature of 6 C (r 2 = 0.96). However, initial shoot appearance was not consistent over years, with first emergence recorded on May 21, 1997 (132 GDU), and May 5, 1998 (73 GDU). Approximately 50% of the shoots emerged before June 7, 1997 (282 GDU), and May 21, 1998 (285 GDU); therefore, optimal weed management programs will need to be initiated following this GDU accumulation.
Tracheotomy and Its Problems

Operative technique is detailed, with emphasis on avoidance of intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Wuthering Heights: A Romance of Metaphysical Intent

This chapter begins my “appreciation” of women’s novels in the romance tradition with a novel that both consolidates and innovates the fundamental fiction of the hero of romance, although the chapter’s origins are double. I have an argument to undertake, but also, like the heroine of Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight (2005) at the beginning of her journey, having already read the novel on her own, “I decided to read Wuthering Heights — the novel we were currently studying in English — yet again for the fun of it” (34). For I have been reading and re-reading Wuthering Heights for decades. My first lecture on the novel at Princeton in 1973 tried unsuccessfully to answer the question: Catherine and Heathcliff, what ARE they to each other, really? My latest experience was facilitating a discussion (spring 2012) at Boston College’s Women’s Resource Center on the “Twilight” vampire romances as a re-writing of Emily Bronte’s novel, climactic baby daughter and all, a comparison to which I will return along the way.
Assessment of renal function in hyperthyroid cats managed with a controlled iodine diet

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines following treatment of hyperthyroidism independent of treatment modality. The post-treatment effects of Hill’s Prescription Diet y/d Feline on renal function and muscle mass have not been evaluated. Hypothesis: Treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with y/d will create a euthyroid state with a decrease in renal function and an increase in muscle mass. Animals: Fifeteen client-owned cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism. Methods: Prospective observational study. Assessment of Renal Function in Hyperthyroid Cats Managed with a Controlled Iodine Diet Heather H. Vaske, DVM1 Laura Armbrust, DVM, DACVR1 Steven C. Zicker, DVM, PhD, DACVIM, DACVN2 Dennis E. Jewell, DVM, PhD, DACAN2 Gregory F. Grauer, DVM, MS, DACVIM1 1Department of Clinical Sciences, 106 Mosier Hall, Veterinary Health Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; 2Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc, Pet Nutrition Center, PO Box 1658, Topeka, KS 66601. Corresponding Author: Gregory F. Grauer at 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, ggrauer@vet.ksu.edu
Economic viability of heritage festivals in Wickenburg, Arizona (USA)

AbstractThis study assesses economic impact of two festivals on a rural town (Wickenburg) in the State of Arizona in the USA. It also examines social and environmental impacts of the two festivals to determine if festivals produce viable economic benefits for the town. Limited studies have, to date, taken into account social and environmental perspectives in economic impact analyses. The results of this study show that heritage festivals bring socio-economic benefits to the host community. However, in terms of environmental impacts, mixed views of local residents and stakeholders are noted. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders to design appropriate ecological measures are needed to make the festivals economically viable in the long run.
Ethical and Legal Issues in Molecular Testing

The establishment of a set of guidelines for morally acceptable conduct within a theoretical framework
Electromagnetic scattering of a plane wave by a radially inhomogeneous sphere in the short wavelength limit

Abstract The formulas of ray theory and Airy theory for scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a radially inhomogeneous sphere are obtained from the generalization of exact Lorenz–Mie wave scattering theory using the WKB approximation to determine the radial portion of the partial wave scalar radiation potential, carrying out a Debye series expansion of it, approximating the sum over partial waves by an integral over an associated impact parameter, and approximately evaluating the integral using either the method of stationary phase or mapping it into one of the phase integrals that describe optical caustics. Various features of the results are commented on, and the procedure is extended to the merging of two rainbows in a given Debye series channel in the context of the longitudinal cusp caustic.
Fundamental Study of Corrosion Preventive Compounds: Part I—Formulation and Characterization

Hard film corrosion preventive compounds (CPCs) were formulated based on the general composition of a commercial CPC. The homemade CPC was composed of a combination of resins, organic solvents, and...
Respondent Attrition Versus Data Attrition and Their Reduction

Panel attrition, or the loss of recruited members from a panel of respondents from whom longitudinal data are being collected, poses a serious risk to the validity of the results produced by panel data. Panel attrition is costly both monetarily and in terms of the effects on data quality and this chapter argues that there may be some benefit in shifting focus from minimizing respondent attrition from a panel to minimizing data attrition from the panel dataset. Using examples from important panels such as the Educational Longitudinal Survey (ELS) and the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS), it also proposes a number of strategies for minimizing the negative effects of panel attrition on longitudinal datasets, including targeted monetary incentives and long-term recontact strategies.
Designing and Testing a Mathematics Card Game for Teaching and Learning Elementary Group Theory.

This paper explores the viability and development of the first edition of the researcher’s mathematical card game, Groups , as a learning tool for elementary group theory, a topic in abstract algebra. Groups was play-tested by six undergraduate students in late 2016 who provided feedback on Groups from both utility-centric and design-centric perspectives. This paper addresses how well undergraduates with no prior group theory experience understand the fundamentals of group theory after playing several games of Groups , and how well undergraduates with prior knowledge of group theory related the Groups game play and mechanics to the fundamentals of group theory. Based on interview and questionnaire data, players found Groups to be an engaging and effective learning tool with both strengths and weaknesses in the tested iteration.
“Why’d You Wanna Study That?” A Process Model of the Under-Legitimation of a Research Topic

Legitimacy is a desirable evaluation that confers substantial benefits to the subject. Although there is recognition that certain research topics struggle to gain legitimacy, the process through wh...
Specificity Protein 7 Is Required for Proliferation and Differentiation of Ameloblasts and Odontoblasts

The Sp7/Osterix transcription factor is essential for bone development. Mutations of the Sp7 gene in humans are associated with craniofacial anomalies and osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the role of Sp7 in embryonic tooth development remains unknown. Here we identified the functional requirement of Sp7 for dentin synthesis and tooth development. Sp7-null mice exhibit craniofacial dysmorphogenesis and are completely void of alveolar bone. Surprisingly, initial tooth morphogenesis progressed normally in Sp7-null mice. Thus the formation of alveolar bone is not a prerequisite for tooth morphogenesis. Sp7 is required for mineralization of palatal tissue but is not essential for palatal fusion. The reduced proliferative capacity of Sp7-deficient ectomesenchyme results in small and misshapen teeth with randomly arranged cuboidal preodontoblasts and preameloblasts. Sp7 promotes functional maturation and polarization of odontoblasts. Markers of mature odontoblast (Col1a, Oc, Dspp, Dmp1) and ameloblast (Enam, Amelx, Mmp20, Amtn, Klk4) are barely expressed in incisors and molar tissues of Sp7-null mice. Consequently, dentin and enamel matrix are absent in the Sp7-null littermates. Interestingly, the Sp7 expression is restricted to cells of the dental mesenchyme indicating the effect on oral epithelium-derived ameloblasts is cell-nonautonomous. Abundant expression of Fgf3 and Fgf8 ligand was noted in the developing tooth of wild-type mice. Both ligands were remarkably absent in the Sp7-null incisor and molar, suggesting cross-signaling between mesenchyme and epithelium is disrupted. Finally, promoter-reporter assays revealed that Sp7 directly controls the expression of Fgf-ligands. Together, our data demonstrate that Sp7 is obligatory for the differentiation of both ameloblasts and odontoblasts but not for the initial tooth morphogenesis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Interference-aware routing and bandwidth allocation for QoS provisioning in multihop wireless networks: Research Articles

In this paper, we study the bandwidth guaranteed routing and timeslot allocation (BANDRA) in TDMA-based multihop wireless networks with dynamic traffic. We formally model BANDRA as an optimization problem and present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to provide optimal solutions. This problem turns out to be a hard problem because of the impact of interference. Therefore, we propose a two-step scheme, i.e., seeking a path for routing first and then allocating bandwidth along the found path. We present two routing algorithms to compute interference-optimal cost-bounded paths. In addition, we present an optimal bandwidth allocation algorithm to allocate timeslots along the found paths for connection requests with unit bandwidth requirements. For the general case where the bandwidth requirement is larger than one, we present an effective heuristic algorithm. Our simulation results show that the average difference between solutions given by our efficient scheme and optimal ones in terms of call-blocking ratio is only 7p. Compared with the shortest path routing, our interference-aware routing algorithms combined with our bandwidth allocation algorithm always reduce call-blocking ratios. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.