cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faith in the Fight: Religion and the American Soldier in the Great War, by Jonathan H. Ebel, Princeton University Press: Princeton, 2010, xi + 253pp. ISBN 978 0 691 13992 0, US$35.00 (cloth)

Faith in the Fight: Religion and the American Soldier in the Great War , by Jonathan H. Ebel, Princeton University Press: Princeton, 2010, xi + 253pp. ISBN 978 0 691 13992 0, US$35.00 (cloth) Looki...
Identification of Fucosterol as a Metabolite and Probable Intermediate in Conversion of β-Sitosterol to Cholesterol in the Tobacco Hornworm

DURING previous work on the utilization and metabolism of phytosterols in insects we have isolated and identified desmo-sterol (24-dehydrocholesterol) as an intermediate in the conversion of 3H-β-sitosterol1, 2 to cholesterol in the tobacco horn-worm Manduca sexta (Johannson). We noted1, 2 the presence of a tritiated minor component in the hornworm sterols which behaved chromatographically like fucosterol (stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol). Fucosterol has been tentatively identified from gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) as a metabolite in the German cockroach Blattella germanica (Linnaeus), but the investigators report that their results were not always repro-ducible3. We wish to describe the positive identification of fucosterol as a metabolite of β-sitosterol in the tobacco hornworm and to present evidence for its occurrence as an intermediate in the conversion of β-sitosterol to cholesterol in this insect (Fig. 1).
Effect of secondary additives in casting solution on the performance of porous cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes

The solution structure and evaporation rate constant can be varied by changing the temperature of the casting solution and the temperature of the casting atmosphere for a given film-casting solution composition. The effects of the two temperature changes can be simulated (without changing the two temperatures) by replacing a small part of the solvent (acetone) by a secondary additive in the casting solution. The effect of 20 different secondary additives in the batch 316-type casting solution has been studied and is discussed. Porous cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes, capable of giving a 20% to 25% increase in productivity at a 90% level of solute separation for a 3500 ppm NaCl–H2O feed solution at 250 psig, have been produced using 5 wt-% ethyl ether as the secondary additive in the above casting solution. The use of secondary additives offers a new flexibility in the choice of film-casting conditions and in the general development of reverse osmosis membranes.
Preference aggregation in group recommender systems for committee decision-making

We present a preference aggregation algorithm designed for situations in which a limited number of users each review a small subset of a large (but finite) set of candidates. This algorithm aggregates scores by using users' relative preferences to search for a Kemeny-optimal ordering of items, and then uses this ordering to identify good and bad items, as well as those that are the subject of reviewer conflict. The algorithm uses variable-neighborhood local search, allowing the efficient discovery of high-quality consensus orderings while remaining computationally feasible. It provides a significant increase in solution quality over existing systems. We discuss potential applications of this algorithm in group recommender systems for a variety of scenarios, including program committees and faculty searches.
TG101209, a novel JAK2 inhibitor, has significant in vitro activity in multiple myeloma and displays preferential cytotoxicity for CD45+ myeloma cells

Interaction of myeloma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment is mediated in large part through different cytokines, especially VEGF and IL6. These cytokines, especially IL6, leads to upregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway in myeloma cell, contributing to increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and acquired drug resistance. Here, we examined the preclinical activity of a novel JAK2 inhibitor TG101209. TG101209 induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in a variety of multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. The induction of cytotoxicity was associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in myeloma cell lines and patient-derived plasma cells. Evaluation of U266 cell lines and patient cells, which have a mix of CD45 positive and negative cells, demonstrated more profound cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of the drug on the CD45+ population relative to the CD45- cells. Exploring the mechanism of action of TG101209 indicated downregulation of pJak2, pStat3, and Bcl-xl levels with upregulation of pErk and pAkt levels indicating cross talk between signaling pathways. TG101209, when used in combination with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity against myeloma cells. Our results provide the rationale for clinical evaluation of TG101209 alone or in combination with PI3K/Akt inhibitors in MM.
TSH Initiation of Hormone Secretion by Rat Thyroid Lobes in Vitro

The actions of TSH to initiate the stimulation of thyroidal secretion were studied with thyroid lobes taken from 131I-injected rats. TSH treatment was limited to brief preincubations, following which the glands were washed with trypsin to remove and inactivate the TSH. Thereafter, the degree of stimulation ascertained by observing the release of 131-iodide, T3 and T4 by the glands during 2-hr test incubations, was compared with the maximal stimulation exhibited by glands incubated for 2 hr v/ith TSH present throughout. Preincubation for 10 min with TSH (0.2 U/ml) initiated a maximal stimulation of secretory activity that continued for 2 to 4 hr after removal of the TSH. Evidently the TSH activated initiating steps in the sequence of reactions comprising the secretory response. Once these steps were completed, the remaining reactions leading to the liberation of secretory products continued even in the absence of TSH. Since cyclic AMP levels in the thyroid lobes were promptly raised by TSH, and since the s...
USE OF TWO RAPID A‐l METHODS FOR THE RECOVERY OF FECAL COLIFORMS AND Escherichia coli FROM SELECTED FOOD TYPES

Methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were compared with the A-l (direct) and the A-l (modified) methods for enumerating fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in 702 samples, representing 11 food types. Geometric means of fecal coli-form most probable number (MPN) values of samples analyzed by the A-l (direct) and A-l (modified) methods were equal to or significantly higher than the geometric means of samples analyzed by the AOAC method in 9 (82%) and 11 (100%) of the food categories, respectively. Geometric means of E. coli MPNs of samples analyzed by the A-l (direct) and A-l (modified) methods were equal to or significantly greater than the geometric means of samples analyzed by the AOAC method in 4 (36%) and 8 (73%) of the food categories, respectively. Overall, a significant degree of correlation was demonstrated between the AOAC method and the A-l (modified) method in the enumeration of both fecal coliforms and E. coli in the majority of food types used in this evaluation.
Flat transformation optics graded-index (TO-GRIN) lenses

This paper illustrates the use of quasi-conformal (QC) transformation optics (TO) techniques to design flat gradient-index (GRIN) lenses as replacements for conventional optical lenses. Three flat TO lenses are considered to demonstrate the flexibility of the new design approach. Two dimensional (2D) Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations show equivalent performance between the original lenses and the flat TO lenses. Furthermore, a body of revolution (BOR) FDTD method was developed and employed to characterize the imaging properties of the three dimensional (3D) cylindrical lenses, validating the predictions of 2D simulations. These designs only require spatially-varying dielectric materials with no magnetic properties, facilitating low-loss, broadband operation in both the microwave and optical regimes.
Father– and mother–infant face-to-face interactions: Differences in mind-related comments and infant attachment?

Abstract The present research explored the relations among fathers’ and mothers’ appropriate mind-related comments during interactions with their 6-month-old infants, and subsequent infant attachment security. More frequent occurrences of mind-related comments were expected to predict frequency of synchrony which, in turn, was expected to predict attachment security. For both mothers and fathers, frequency of interactional synchrony was found to mediate the relation between mind-related comments and attachment security. Results are discussed in terms of children’s future perspective-taking skills, friendships and social adaptation.
Thermopile Sensors for the Detection of Airborne Pollutants

We have developed sensors for airborne pollutants using 36-junction thermopiles as the sensing platform. The thermopiles detect heat released when airborne pollutants react with chemical coatings applied to the sensing junctions. Our thermopiles consist of microfabricated thin film bismuth-antimony junctions on thin polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate drumhead membranes that are supported by aluminum substrates. The sensitivity of our thermopiles (> 5 V-s/J) was measured using solvent evaporation and acid-base reactions. A copper oxalate coating on the sensing junctions enables the detection of ammonia vapor. The integrated sensor output is proportional to the logarithm of the ammonia concentration in the air injected into the test chamber. Sub-ppm concentrations of ammonia in air can be detected Detection of acid vapors (e.g., HC1) is also described.
Exercise attenuates the fasting-induced transcriptional activation of metabolic genes in skeletal muscle.

Fasting elicits a progressive increase in lipid metabolism within skeletal muscle. To determine the effects of fasting on the transcriptional regulation of genes important for metabolic control in ...
Physical limitations on the bit-rate of on-chip interconnects

It is shown in this paper that contrary to the common conception, widening an on-chip interconnect wire will not cause the wire to behave as a lossless line. It is shown that the energy losses actually increase when widening a wire. The damping factor of the line, which determines the maximum bit rate that can be transmitted on a wire, also does not go to zero for wide wires as in lossless lines. This fact results in a serious physical limitation on the maximum bit rate that can be transmitted on a wire. It is shown that by increasing the cross-sectional width of an interconnect wire, the damping factor will saturate to a certain limit. An expression for this minimum damping factor for very wide wires is derived from fundamental physical constants and used to introduce an expression for the maximum bit rate that can be reached by widening an interconnect wire for a certain technology. It is shown that for current technology numbers, the maximum bit rate on a wire can be quite limiting for longer wires and that scaling trends will even decrease more this maximum bit rate, posing a serious limitation.
Mating competitiveness of the adult oriental fruit fly reared as larvae in liquid vs. those raised on standard wheat‐based diets

Three strains (standard laboratory, dorsalis translocation white pupae (DTWP) pupal colour sexing strain and wild strain) of adult oriental fruit flies, which were reared as larvae on liquid diet (LD), mill-feed diet (MF) (Tanaka's diet) or natural host fruit diet, were evaluated for mat ing competitiveness in both indoor and outdoor Boiler's mating cages and outdoor field cages. The Relative Sterility Index (RSI) was used as an indicator of mating capability. The RSI between standard strain adults that grew as larvae in LD and those in Tanaka's MF indicated no statisti cally significant difference in Boiler's mating cage results after irradiation and dye marking. These results show that irradiation and dye marking had no effect on laboratory mating ability. Adults of the DTWP genetic sexing strain based on pupal colour that were reared as larvae in a LD (DTWP-LD) or MF (DTWP-MF) had a lower mating ability than the standard laboratory strain in Boiler's cages, and against the wild strain in both Boiler's and field cages. However, there was no statistically sig nificant difference between irradiated DTWP-LD strains in competition with non-irradiated standard laboratory strain or DTWP-MF strain in Boiler's cages. These findings indicate that (i) the quality of the DTWP sexing strain may be less capable in mating than the standard laboratory and wild strains and (ii) LD reared larvae can produce adults of equal mating ability compared with adults reared on a conventional diet. LD reared fruit flies should therefore be ready for mass scale rearing for Sterile Insect Technique programmes following the completion of other field quality control tests, including those measuring dispersal abilities.
Non-Linear Dynamics of Parametric Roll of Container Ship in Irregular Seas

Parametric motion is the phenomenon where a structure is excited into large amplitude motion even when there is no direct excitation. A well-known example of this type of motion is the parametric roll of ships in head or following seas. Parametric roll of container ships in head seas is relatively a new problem which has gained much importance after the catastrophic incidence of APL China in 1998. Many studies have investigated this phenomenon in the case of a ship being excited in regular waves. However, ships do not encounter regular waves in the actual ocean. So, it is imperative to study the importance of parametric roll in irregular seas.In this paper the analysis of roll equation of motion is performed by nonlinear modeling. The problem of parametric roll is approached as a non-linear dynamics problem with due consideration to nonlinear time varying hydrostatics as well as the nonlinear damping. A nonlinear damping model is used to approximate the actual viscous damping in the system. The variation of the roll righting arm with time has been modeled using a Volterra series representation which includes the hydrostatic non-linearity.Various realizations of the roll motion have been simulated and analyzed to study the ergodic behavior of the phenomenon. The paper also discusses future ideas of how to analyze parametric roll in irregular seaways.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Advance care planning: ensuring that the patient's voice is heard.

Death and dying remain forbidden topics. The threat of death panels that was raised by the 2010 draft regulation supporting Medicare coverage for discussions of advance care planning fueled the fear engendered by these topics and by discussions of preferences for end-of-life care. The 1990 Federal Patient Self-Determination act, which was enacted to address patients’ right to stipulate care preferences at the end of life, was intended to provide patients with the opportunity to communicate their wishes before facing a lifethreatening event and to educate the public about advance directives. 1 Although the law requires health care institutions to document whether or not a patient has executed advance directives, it does not require an evaluation of the patient’s or family’s understanding of advance directives, nor does it require education about them. Current practices have circumvented the spirit of the law. At some institutions, the requirements of the law are satisfied with a box on an admission/ registration form asking the patient if he/she has advance directives, without ensuring that a discussion has taken place. In others, the electronic medical record requires the admitting physician to enter a code status as a component of the admitting orders, leading to a 100% documentation rate. In at least one institution, the admitting physician can circumvent the need for discussion by selecting the most commonly used designation, “Full Code— discussion with patient/ surrogate not appropriate or possible at this time.” 2 More than half a million Americans died as a result of cancer in 2011, and most of them had inadequate documentation of their preferences for end-of-life care, specifically with regard to resuscitation. The majority of the discussions that elicit preferences for resuscitation occur in the hospital without time for thoughtful discourse. One large cancer hospital reported that 86% of patients who died in the hospital had a documented do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. 3 This is an encouraging statistic until one recognizes that the median time between signing the order and death was 0 days. Because the patients were close to death, about a third of the DNR orders were signed by surrogates. Again, there was no time for considered discussion with the patient and family. A recent study noted that oncologists discussed end-of-life issues with only about a quarter of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, and more than half of these discussions took place in the inpatient setting, a mean of 33 days before death. 4 Less than 15% of ambulatory patients with advanced cancer have documented ad
Hydrostatic extrusion of polypropylene and properties of extrudates

The solid-state extrusion of polypropylene by hydrostatic pressure has been investigated at four different temperatures: 25, 50, 75, and 100°C. The pressure to effect extrusion was found to be essentially a linear function of the extrusion ratio at each temperature, while the magnitude of the extrusion pressure, for any given extrusion ratio, decreased appreciably with increasing temperature. With increase in extrusion-ratio, the polypropylene extrudates became increasingly transparent. After passing through the extrusion dies; the Sample showed some elastic recovery. The amount of this recovery decreased with increasing extrusion ratio, X-Ray diffraction measurements taken before and after extrusion showed reduction in sharpness of the crystalline Peaks. Differential, scanning calorimetric measurements, on the other hand, indicate that the relative heat of fusion of the extrudates increases with the extrusion ratio at each extrusion temperature. It also increases with extrusion temperature for a given ratio. Tensile stress-strain tests were made at various hydrostatic pressure levels on the extrudates obtained at 25°C and the extrusion ratio of 2.8. Unlike on the virgin sample of polypropylene, ho yield maximum was observed on the extrudate sample at all pressures investigated. However, the effects of pressure on the relative increase in the yield stress-and the modulus of the extrudate are comparable to those of original, unoriented samples.
Retrieval of precipitable water vapor by the millimeter-wave imaging radiometer in the arctic region during FIRE-ACE

Millimeter-wave radiometric measurements obtained from the NASA ER-2 aircraft over the arctic region on May 20, 1998, were used to estimate precipitable water (PW) in the range/spl les/0.60 g/cm/sup 2/. The approach is a modified version of the recent work by J. Miao (1998), which utilized the radiometric measurements at 150, 183.3/spl plusmn/3, and 183.3/spl plusmn/7 GHz of the SSM/T-2 sensor to retrieve PW over the antarctic region. However, Miao has implicitly assumed a surface emissivity that is frequency independent over the 150-183 GHz range. This assumption turns out not to be a good one based on the airborne measurements described below and the errors introduced in the PW estimation were substantial in many cases. It is shown below that four-frequency radiometric measurements in the frequency range of 150-220 GHz provided a robust retrieval of PW, while allowing for a surface emissivity that varied linearly with frequency. The retrieved PW compared favorably with that calculated from rawinsonde data at two widely separated locations. The differences between the retrieved and calculated values are not more than /spl plusmn/0.02 g/cm/sup 2/, which is smaller than errors associated with measurement uncertainty. It is found necessary to account for the double side-band nature of the 183.3 GHz measurements in the radiative transfer calculations for development of the retrieval algorithm. The PW values estimated from the algorithm developed from single side band, 183.3 GHz radiative transfer calculations could be in error by as much as /spl plusmn/0.10 g/cm/sup 2/. Finally, the effect of surface temperature variations is shown to introduce only a small error in the estimation of PW.
A full RCS calibration technique using a dihedral corner reflector

A full RCS (radar cross section) calibration technique using a dihedral corner reflector is presented. This method differs from several previous studies in the following aspects: (1) the frequency responses of four measurement channels can be mutually independent and thus no special care has to be taken for signal paths; (2) only scattering matrix measurements of the dihedral at two orientations about the line-of-sight direction are needed since the transmitter and receiver are related through the reciprocity theorem; and (3) simple and useful expressions are used to solve for the calibration parameters. The proposed calibration technique was evaluated by calibrating the cross-polarized return of a sphere, which should be zero. Time domain responses illustrate about a 10-dB overall improvement by using the full calibration procedure. >
Robust Path-Vector Routing Despite Inconsistent Route Preferences

Some commonly used inter-domain-routing policies?e.g., those using BGP's MED attribute for cold-potato routing?are beyond the scope of routing theory developed to date. This is because these policies cannot be expressed as a linear preference ranking of available routes at each node. Existing characterizations of well-behaved path-vector routing, however, critically depend on this linear ranking and do not naturally extend to more complex policies. In this paper, we present a framework that is able to model these more general policies. We use it to give the broadest-known sufficient condition for robust convergence of path-vector protocols, even when complex policies are used. In doing so, we present a new, unified notion of order on policies; this reduces to earlier results in the case of restricted policies, but it allows us to analyze the practically useful but inconsistent policies that could not be directly modeled before. As an application, we rigorously analyze (and improve) various robust protocol-design proposals.
Directions for Intervention With Adolescent Mothers in Substitute Care

The authors present the findings of a parent-training survey conducted with service providers in 28 agencies across Illinois that serve teen mothers who are wards of the state. During structured interviews, providers reported on parent-training topics, methods of delivery engagement strategies, assessment, and program-evaluation procedures used with adolescent mothers in their programs. Service providers identified five priority intervention topics: teen-parent concerns (i.e., self-esteem), basic caregiving routines, child health/medical needs, child emotional needs, and discipline. The parent-training methods identified by providers as most effective were informal modeling, didactic classes, home visiting, peer-support groups, and mentoring. Engagement strategies rated most effective with adolescent mothers were provision of food, transportation, and baby-sitting during sessions. Few agencies reported using formal assessment or evaluatlon methods, despite providers' acknowledgment of the need for these r...
Sexual difference in signal-receiver coevolution

The responses of males and females to a male signal were compared between two sister species, one in which the signal is present and one in which the signal is absent. The signal is a pattern of vertical bars found on males throughout the northern swordtailfish, genusXiphophorus.InX. multilineatus, the bars function both to attract females and deter rival males. Males in X. nigrensis, the sister species to X. multilineatus, do not have bars.Xiphophorus nigrensismales did not respond diVerently to males with bars compared with males without bars, butX. nigrensisfemales were more attracted to males with bars than males without bars. Thus, the male response to bars is congruent in both taxa: male response was present when the male trait was present (in X. multilineatus) and absent when the male trait was absent (in X. nigrensis). The female response to bars, however, was congruent in X. multilineatus but incongruent in X. nigrensis: female response was present but the male trait was absent in X. nigrensis. This pattern suggests that of the three components of the communication system, (male response, female response and male signal), the signal and male response coevolved more closely than did the signal and female response.
Relapsed hepatoblastoma confined to the lung is effectively treated with pulmonary metastasectomy

Abstract Background In children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma (HB), the lungs are the most common site of metastasis at both initial presentation and relapse. Previous studies have encouraged pulmonary metastasectomy to achieve a disease-free state after resection of the primary hepatic lesion. However, there is no consensus about how to manage recurrent pulmonary metastasis. Procedure A retrospective, multi-institutional review was performed from 2005 to 2014 to identify HB patients ≤18years of age who had disease recurrence associated with pulmonary metastases alone. Results Ten patients between the ages of 8 and 33months were identified. Pulmonary metastatic recurrence was detected by measuring alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and/or with CT scans of the chest. All patients subsequently underwent pulmonary metastasectomy without post-operative complications. At last follow-up, 8 patients were alive and had normal AFP levels. The 8 survivors had a median follow-up from therapy completion of 18.5months. Two patients who presented with extrapulmonary recurrence subsequently died of treatment refractory disease. Conclusions This review supports surgical resection as a safe and, in the context of multimodal therapy, efficacious approach to manage HB patients who present with isolated pulmonary relapse.
Cluster Analysis and the Classification of Patients

Fads occur in all sciences. Clinical psychology is no exception. Within clinical psychology, topics such as behavior modification, personality testing with the MMPI, client-centered therapy, and research on hypnosis were at one time appropriately considered fads. Nonetheless, these areas have managed to sustain interest beyond faddism and have introduced a corpus of knowledge that has had a substantial effect on the field of clinical psychology.
Emphasizing Planning for Essay Writing With a Computer-Based Graphic Organizer:

The authors conducted a multiple-baseline study to investigate the effects of a computer-based graphic organizer (CBGO) with embedded self-regulated learning strategies on the quantity and quality of persuasive essay writing by students with high-incidence disabilities. Ten seventh- and eighth-grade students with learning disabilities, emotional and behavioral disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder participated in the study. The authors collected data on the number of words, sentences, transition words, essay parts, and holistic writing quality score across (a) baseline (writing on the computer without the CBGO), (b) CBGO-use phase (writing on the computer with the CBGO), and (c) maintenance (writing on the computer without the CBGO). In a visual analysis, all participants improved the quality of their writing, and the majority of students also increased the quantity of their writing. Student interview data are presented to discuss the social validity of this inn...
Promoting oral health as part of an interprofessional community-based women's health event.

Heart disease is the number one killer of women, and studies have shown connections between cardiovascular and oral health. However, interprofessional community-based participatory initiatives promoting women’s oral health have received little research attention. This study evaluated the effectiveness of personalized oral health education (POHE) during a free one-day interprofessional women’s health promotion event. The objectives were to 1) assess the participants’ knowledge about the connection between oral health and heart disease; 2) disseminate information about oral-systemic linkages; 3) encourage comprehensive dental examinations; and 4) evaluate POHE outcomes. West Virginia University School of Dentistry faculty and students delivered POHE to the participants. These POHE instructors were calibrated with a standardized script regarding periodontal disease, health impact of tobacco, xerostomia-inducing medications, and oral hygiene instruction. Immediately prior to and following each POHE session, all the participants (N=165; 100 percent response rate) completed a number-coded questionnaire. The findings showed that the participants’ knowledge of oral-systemic health linkages had increased following the POHE. The respondents received oral health kits and were offered discount vouchers toward the cost of a comprehensive oral examination at the dental school. This replicable model may prove useful to other dental schools in promoting women’s oral health.
Robust taxi dispatch under model uncertainties

In modern taxi networks, large amount of real-time taxi occupancy and location data are collected from networked in-vehicle sensors. They provide knowledge of system models on passenger demand and taxi supply for efficient dispatch control and coordinating strategies. Such dispatch approaches face a new challenge: how to deal with future customer demand uncertainties while fulfilling system's performance requirements, such as balancing service across the whole city and minimizing taxis' total idle cruising distance. To address this problem, we present a novel robust optimization method for taxis dispatch problems to consider polytope model uncertainties of highly spatiotemporally correlated demand and supply models. An objective function concave over the uncertain demand parameters and convex over the variables is formulated according to the design requirements. We transform the robust optimization problem to an equivalent convex optimization form by strong duality and minimax theorem, and computational tractability is guaranteed. By Monte-Carlo simulations, we show that the robust taxi dispatch solutions in this work are less probable to get large costs compared with non-robust results.
ATPS-52A PRE-CLINICAL COMBINATORIAL STRATEGY TO TARGET THE JAK/STAT AND EGFR PATHWAYS IN GBM

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), characterized by an aggressive clinical course, therapeutic resistance and striking molecular heterogeneity, remains incurable. A large number GBMs have EGFR alterations and, despite poor clinical translation to date, EGFR inhibition remains of therapeutic relevance. Recent evidence, from our group and others, indicates that JAK2/STAT3 pathway is an important mediator of tumor cell survival, growth, and invasion in GBM. Interestingly, EGFR inhibition leads to activation of survival-signalling pathways such as STAT3, diminishing effectiveness of EGFR inhibition. We investigated the efficacy of a novel JAK2 inhibitor, pacritinib, in brain tumour initiating cell (BTIC) lines to evaluate potential use in the treatment of GBM patients. In a Phase III study of patients with myelofibrosis, pacritinib demonstrated manageable toxicity and clinically and statistically improved patient spleen volume and patient reported outcomes. Pacritinib results in on-target JAK2/STAT3 inhibition at 1-2 µM and dramatically reduces BTIC proliferation, regardless of endogenous MGMT promoter methylation or EGFR, PTEN, and TP53 mutational status. Pacritinib in combination with temozolomide prolongs survival, over either drug alone, in orthopically xenografted NOD-SCID. We are testing the hypothesis that concurrent inhibition of JAK/STAT and EGFR signalling may be an effective, clinically relevant therapeutic, strategy for GBM. We examined the in vitro actions of pacritinib on BTICs, in combination with three clinically approved EGFR inhibitors, erlotinib, afatinib and lapatinib and are investigating other clinically relevant EGFR inhibitors for GBM. Combinatorial treatment with pacritinib and EGFR inhibitors shows striking responses, with lowered IC50s and BTIC viability. The combinatorial actions of EGFR and STAT3 inhibition were particularly effective in BTIC lines with EGFR activating vIII and missense point mutations. On target activity was demonstrated with reduced phospho-EGFR, phospho-STAT3 and effectors of both pathways. Current studies are aimed at investigating the combined actions of Pacritinib and EGFR inhibitors, over single agents, in orthotopic xenograft animal survival.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of metallic spin-glass/amorphous silicon multilayers

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the structure and growth behavior of three separate multilayer systems composed of spin-glass alloys(AuFe. 03, CuMn .15, and AgMn .09 ) alternating with amorphous silicon. Each of the three systems was fabricated with two different sample configurations. The first consisted of bilayers with 3 nm spinglass alloy and 7 nm amorphous siliconlayers. The second consisted of 7 nm spin-glass alloy and 7 nm amorphous silicon layers. HRTEM images of ion-milled cross-sectioned samples revealed variations in the degree of crystallinity of the spin-glass material. Variations in the amount and symmetry of interlayer formation were also observed. Systematic studies of such variations should help to explain differences in their measured spin-glass properties.
Flow Analysis of a Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine

Time-averaged, unsteady, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations have been performed to investigate the flows in highly-loaded low pressure turbines. A study was performed for the L1A turbine blade using this procedure to predict and analyze flow separation for quasi-laminar, fully turbulent, and transitional flow conditions over an array of Reynolds numbers. The results of these simulations were then compared to experimental data. Both the time-averaged and instantaneous results show separated flow occurring at a similar location on the airfoil surface. This matches experimental data, differing only in the magnitude of separation depending on the flow conditions.
PM.55 Developing and Defining Auditable Standards of Care For Obstetric Women Admitted to ITU: Completing the Audit Cycle

There are many reports and recommendations in maternity care with some confusion and lack of clarity. Standards are available from confidential reports in maternal deaths, Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts, Safer Child Birth, Maternity Critical Care Working group and local trust guideline. There are local & national concerns about recognising and managing sick mothers and need for regular audit of services. We aimed to develop and define auditable standards of care for obstetric women requiring ITU admission at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust. In our first retrospective audit of fifteen obstetric women admitted to ITU over a period of two years, services were assessed using CNST standards 2.9, 4.8, 5.10. This audit highlighted poor documentation and difficulty in identifying evidence. Recommendations were made including defined auditable standards and a named person to ensure compliance. Local guidelines were revised. From recommendations we identified twelve auditable standards. Documentation of clearly defined reason for transfer to ITU, daily multidisciplinary review, SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) handover, entry level of ITU, length of stay, discharge criteria, outreach follow up and clinical incident form were assessed. A repeat audit of eight obstetric ITU admissions in next twelve months was completed. Retrospective case notes review was conducted by the same person. Re audit confirmed improved documentation however extracting evidence continued to be difficult. Numerous national guidance and standards can be confusing however it is possible to identify local auditable standards to improve care and assessment of care.
Technology assessment in medicine: methods, status and trends

The contribution of medical technologies to the rising costs of health care is generating increasing enthusiasm for application of methods for assessing the impact of the technologies on health care cost and quality. Various assessment methods are available, ranging from rigorous Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials to informal Opinion Surveys of practitioners experienced with the technologies. Between these extremes are techniques such as Performance Analysis, Case Series, Case Studies, Metanalysis and Consensus Development. In the United States several institutions are involved in the technology assessment process. These institutions include government agencies, third-party carriers, advisory groups, and professional organizations. Currently these institutions emphasize variables such as safety, effectiveness and, less frequently, cost-effectiveness as criteria of technology assessment. However, outcome measures such as morbidity and mortality statistics and 'quality of life' parameters are receiving increased attention as more penetrating criteria for technology assessment.
Targeting the cancer epigenome for therapy

Next-generation sequencing has revealed that more than 50% of human cancers harbour mutations in enzymes that are involved in chromatin organization. Tumour cells not only are activated by genetic and epigenetic alterations, but also routinely use epigenetic processes to ensure their escape from chemotherapy and host immune surveillance. Hence, a growing emphasis of recent drug discovery efforts has been on targeting the epigenome, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, with several new drugs being tested and some already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The future will see the increasing success of combining epigenetic drugs with other therapies. As epigenetic drugs target the epigenome as a whole, these true 'genomic medicines' lessen the need for precision approaches to individualized therapies.
A dice game in third person augmented reality

We describe a prototype entertainment application of the augmented-reality toolkit based on a fantasy dice game. Two players roll dice bearing glyphs that are interpreted by a computer, which provides graphical and auditory feedback. Our prototype uses entirely consumer-grade equipment: a USB Webcam, a projector, and a 2 GHz desktop with 5.1 surround speakers. Unlike many AR-Toolkit applications, our players are not encumbered by head-mounted displays. Face-to-face gameplay, integrated with the physicality of a traditional dice game, display results on a shared projection screen from a third-person point-of-view. This combination of elements provides a unique application of AR-Toolkit for merging the spectacle of modern video games with a tangible interface.
Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Water by Israeli Agriculture

The aim of this chapter is to review the methodology followed by an empirical analysis of the demand for water by Israeli agriculture (Yaron, 1966) and to stress the thesis—basic to the approach—that in the economic analysis of the complex of problems of the water resource in agriculture, irrigation water can and should be referred to as any other production factor which takes part in the process of agricultural production. Concerning the demand for irrigation water, our approach refers to water within the framework of production functions, from which the demand for water is derivable. On the supply side, water is referred to as an output producible at variable, man-controlled output levels. The study concentrates on the analysis of the agricultural demand, utilizing results of analyses regarding supply and urban demand performed by experts in the other fields.
Quantifying Biophysical Differences between Planktonic and Biofilm Bacteria in Response to Antibiotic Application

While many think of a bacterium as a solitary organism, most bacteria likely spend at least some time living in complex communities called biofilms. In fact, bacteria can exist in two separate forms: a motile planktonic bacterium or a stationary biofilm member. These biofilms might be made of a single species or multiple species, and provide a distinct organization that makes the biofilm resistant to removal by chemical or physical means. This becomes a problem when biofilms are causing infections by growing on indwelling medical devices or fouling the bottoms of boats. However, much of what we know about the antibacterial activity of a chemical compound comes from studying their effect on planktonic cells, and evidence suggest that chemical antibiotics will have a different level of effectiveness and cause different biophysical changes on cells in a biofilm. The research we present here is a first step in determining antibiotic effectiveness on matched samples of planktonic and biofilm cells, and quantifying the biophysical effects of antibiotic application.
To Anglicize and Angelize the Rape of Nanking

In this chapter on the Rape of Nanking contends that Chinese narratives of the Rape gravitate to a secular, nationalist mode of martyrdom. With China’s rise, fiction and film revisits the Japanese atrocity in a global context, which means fiction is written in, or translated into, English and films feature Western missionaries speaking the English language. These narratives include Nanjing Requiem; The Flowers of War the novel and the film; and City of Life and Death. The English and Christian epistemology intertwines to bracket such representations. Both the tongue and the God of whites are ways of meaning-making to sublimate a historical trauma of unfathomable horror.
Surface chemistry effects on heterogeneous clathrate hydrate nucleation: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract We report results from a molecular dynamics study of clathrate hydrate nucleation near model hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. –CH3 and –OH terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used as model surfaces. We study the nucleation of a soluble, structure II forming guest molecule with a coarse-grained model compatible with monatomic water. Despite the presence of SAMs, we show that nucleation occurs through a homogeneous mechanism in OHSAM and CH3SAM systems. Formation of ice-like or intermediate water structure is not observed near either surface prior to nucleation. Nucleation occurs more quickly in OHSAM systems than CH3SAM systems. However, the faster nucleation is driven by a partitioning of guest molecules which results in higher bulk guest concentration in OHSAM systems compared with CH3SAM systems. Despite significant aggregation of guest molecules near CH3SAM, no nucleation is observed near the surface. The formation of guest contact pairs, facilitated by the presence of CH3SAM, may prevent nucleation in this region. Our results highlight the numerous routes by which surfaces can affect hydrate nucleation due to the multicomponent nature of the phenomena.
Breast Cancer Risk Associated With Benign Intraductal Papillomas Initially Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy.

Abstract Background The long-term risk for patients with benign intraductal papillomas (IDPs) on core needle biopsy (CNB) who are not upgraded on excision is not well-defined. The goal of this study was to determine the cumulative breast cancer (BC) incidence for patients with benign IDP on CNB. Materials and Methods There were 152 benign IDPs diagnosed on CNB between 2003 and 2008. Radiology and pathology data were reviewed by breast radiologists and pathologists. Clinical follow-up was obtained from the electronic medical record (Epic). Results Excision results were: 96 (63%) not upgraded, 9 (6%) with BC on excision (6 ductal carcinoma in situ, 3 invasive carcinoma), and 5 (3%) lacked correlation with the CNB site. Excision reports were unavailable for 42 (28%). Excluding cases with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5 or discordant imaging, there were 6 (4%) true upgrades (all ductal carcinoma in situ). After the exclusion of patients with other major risk factors, follow-up was available for 55 of 58 patients with benign IDPs, and 8 (14%) developed BC after a median of 112 months (range, 11-159 months). None of the benign IDP patients without an excision report developed BC after a median of 97 months (range, 5-164 months). Conclusions The upgrade rate for benign IDP diagnosed on CNB was 4%, similar to recent studies. The cumulative BC incidence for those who were not upgraded and who had no history of BC was 14% at a median of 9 years. When combined with patients without an excision pathology report, the overall BC incidence was 9%. The findings support continued breast cancer surveillance in this patient population.
Induction of tardive dyskinesia in Cebus apella and Macaca speciosa monkeys: a review.

Two different studies were performed in subhuman primates in an attempt to induce symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. The first study lasted for over 5 years. This involved elderly Macaca speciosa. The animals were given first 25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate and later the enanthate IM (3.2mg/kg) every 2 weeks and on 5 days a week, haloperidol, first IM and later PO. Haloperidol was given first in doses of 1.0 mg/kg and ultimately after years of therapy, in doses of 6.4 mg/kg per day. Those animals who survived gained weight to over 10 kg. After neuroleptic withdrawal, tardive dyskinesia became evident in 1 month. The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia following cessation of medication lasted a maximum of 1 year. This animal model produced very impressive symptoms in one of the three animals treated who survived. This is not a very practical animal model from the aspects of economics (costly), time (5 years), and animal availability (rare and endangered species). However, the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are very striking and identical with human tardive dyskinesia in a susceptible animal.
Food Insecurity and Terrorism

This article investigates the relationship between food insecurity and terrorism for a cross country panel sample. Using an instrumental variable approach, we empirically find that greater food availability is associated with greater incidence of terrorism, but better food access is associated with reduced terrorism activities. The relationship is robust across alternate estimators and terrorism measures. By providing additional insights on the effects of specific food insecurity dimensions on terrorism, our findings support the growing number of policies and efforts to enhance global security through food security.
Domain adaptive representation learning for facial action unit recognition

Abstract Learning robust representations for applications with multiple modalities of input can have a significant impact on improving performance. Traditional representation learning methods rely on projecting the input modalities to a common subspace to maximize agreement amongst the modalities for a particular task. We propose a novel approach to representation learning that uses a latent representation decoder to reconstruct the target modality and thereby employ the target modality purely as a supervision signal for discovering correlations between the modalities. Through cross modality supervision, we demonstrate that the learnt representation is able to improve upon the performance of the task of facial action unit (AU) recognition over modality specific representations and even their fused counterparts. As an extension, we explore a new transfer learning technique to adapt the learnt representation to the target domain. We also present a shared representation based feature fusion methodology to improve the performance of any multi-modal system. Our experiments on three AU recognition datasets - MMSE, BP4D and DISFA, show strong performance gains producing state-of-the-art results in spite of the absence of data from a modality.