cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The telic/paratelic state instrument (T/PSI): validating a reversal theory measure ☆

Abstract Reversal theory posits that individuals reverse between being telic (serious-minded) and paratelic (playful). Validating a measure of this construct required a novel approach, because the states are posited to be mutually exclusive and orthogonal to both arousal levels and affect. Vignettes depicting telic and paratelic states experienced in low, moderate, and high felt arousal levels were presented to 572 respondents who answered a 30-item questionnaire as they would have answered it during situations similar to the vignettes. Twelve items were retained on the basis of how well they discriminated between telic and paratelic vignettes. The 12-item telic/paratelic state instrument (T/PSI) was shown to be unidimensional and to have excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.89). Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the measure based on an empirically-derived cut scores are also presented. As hypothesized, scores on the T/PSI are unrelated to gender, age, social desirability, or paratelic dominance.
Prediction Markets: A New Tool for Strategic Decision Making

Uncertainty is at the center of many of the most important strategic decisions made by private businesses and public agencies. Many of these decisions are driven by judgmental rather than data-rich uncertainties—the rate of climate change, the impact of globalization, the prospects for regional conflicts, the extent of environmental legislation, or the advancement of tech no logy. To help improve the way these important judgment-driven decisions are made, an emerging tool—prediction markets—can improve this practice and thereby improve the quality of strategic decision making. While it is important not to be carried away by the latest fad, prediction markets will play a major role in improving the quality of strategic decisions in the future.
Proliferative nodules in congenital melanocytic nevi: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) occur in 1% to 2% of newborns, and the risk of malignant melanoma is increased in patients with large CMN. Appearance at birth or later of a nodular or hyperpigmented area within a CMN simulates malignant melanoma and prompts biopsy. Although their clinical and pathologic features seem ominous, proliferative nodules (PNs) typically are benign and may regress, although atypical features cause greater concern. Here we report clinical and pathologic findings with outcome in 10 children who had multiple biopsies of large CMN with PNs. We reviewed 78 separate samples from the 10 patients and classified the 60 PNs according to published criteria. A subset of 30 samples containing both the CMN and a PNs was analyzed for immunohistochemical reactivity for melanocytic (S-100 protein, HMB45, melan-A), lymphocytic (CD45), cell-cycle/proliferative (Mib-1, p16, p21, p27, c-Myc), apoptotic (p53, Bax, c-kit, CD95), and anti-apoptotic (bcl-2) markers. Both CMN and PNs had similar expression of melanocytic, lymphocytic, and most cell-cycle/proliferative and apoptotic markers, including Mib-1, p16, p21, p27, c-Myc, Bax, CD95, and bcl-2. A greater proportion of PNs than CMN were reactive for p53 (67% vs. 30%, P < 0.0098) and c-kit (97% vs. 3%, P < 0.0001). p53 and p21 expression in CMN and all types of PNs were inversely correlated. When ordinary and atypical PNs were compared, the atypical PNs more frequently expressed p53, Mib-1, Bax, and bcl-2, but less frequently expressed p21. The c-kit expression in nearly all PNs and its absence in nearly all CMN is potentially useful for recognition of PN, suggests a delayed melanocytic maturation process in proliferative nodules, and may be likely indicative of their benign nature. p53 reactivity in concert with a lack of p21 up-regulation by immunohistochemistry suggests that a p53 mutation may be present in PN, although the immunohistochemical findings alone cannot exclude possible overexpression of wild-type p53. Regressive, involutional, or maturational changes were observed in sequential samples from 4 patients. No patient developed malignant melanoma or another melanocytic nevus-associated malignancy during the follow-up period. These findings underscore the similarities between PNs and the underlying CMN and suggest that maturational, proliferative, and apoptotic processes are involved in their clinical evolution.
Influence of the metallic absorption layer on the quality of thermal conductivity measurements by the transient thermo-reflectance method

Abstract This work investigates numerically the influence of a metallic absorption layer on the laser-based measurements of the thermal conductivity of dielectric (SiO2) and semiconductor (Si) electronic materials. The validity of the approach and the obtained results are assessed by comparison with experimental measurements obtained for gold-covered silicon dioxide samples. The results reveal the presence of behaviors associated with thermally thin and thermally thick absorption layers, depending on the ratio between the thickness of the absorption layer and the heat penetration depth. Optimal performance of the transient thermo-reflectance method was found to exist for thicknesses of metal layers falling between the identified thermally thin and thermally thick layers.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a two-dimensional bimetallic copper–molybdophosphonate, [{Cu4(H2O)2(phenbisterpy)2(HO3P(CH2)4PO3H)}(Mo4FO12)2{O3P(CH2)4PO3}]·4H2O, constructed from {Mo4FO12}1− clusters and copper-ligand chains (phenbisterpy=1,4-bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridin-4′-yl)benzene)

The hydrothermal reaction of Cu(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ·H 2 O, MoO 3 , 1,4-bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin-4′-yl)benzene (phenbisterpy), 1,4-butylenediphosphonic acid and HF yielded green crystals of [{Cu 4 (H 2 O) 2 (phenbisterpy) 2 (HO 3 P(CH 2 ) 4 PO 3 H)}(Mo 4 FO 12 ) 2 {O 3 P(CH 2 ) 4 PO 3 }]·4H 2 O ( 1 ·4H 2 O). The structure of 1 ·4H 2 O is two-dimensional, with the network constructed from { Cu 4 ( H 2 O ) 2 ( phenbisterpy ) 2 ( HO 3 P ( CH 2 ) 4 PO 3 H ) } n 6 n + chains and [(Mo 4 FO 12 ) 2 {O 3 P(CH 2 ) 4 PO 3 }] 6− clusters. The latter building block contains two tetranuclear clusters of face- and edge-sharing {MoO 5 F} octahedra, linked through the diphosphonate ligand. The oxyfluoromolybdate cluster {Mo 4 FO 12 } − is structurally distinct from the few examples of tetranuclear {Mo 4 O 12 F x } n − clusters, {Mo 4 O 12 F 2 } 2− and {Mo 4 O 12 F 3 } 3− .
The EU's Information Deficit: Comparing Political Knowledge across Levels of Governance

AbstractOver the last 20 years, several scholars have argued that the legitimacy of the European Union (EU) suffers from an alarming level of public apathy toward EU affairs. Such critiques often assume that the public is largely ignorant about EU politics. However, we have yet to empirically determine the extent to which Europeans understand the EU or to identify the conditions that lead the public to become better informed about European politics. Given the higher salience of national issues and the greater media attention devoted to national politics, I theorize that most individuals indeed know more about their national government than the EU. Using data from Eurobarometer 61.0 and the 2009 European Election Study, I find individuals indeed perform worse on knowledge batteries at the European level. To better explain the public's understanding of EU affairs, I then model a number of micro- and macro-level predictors of knowledge and find that some of the usual suspects (such as education and the media...
Geopolitical-economic conflict and network infrastructures

This article explicates three basic aspects of the conflicted history of transnational communications networks: How extraterritorial communications have functioned since the nineteenth century as a primary axis of expansion for a transnationalizing capitalism; how geopolitical pressures and rivalries have helped break down and reconstitute network infrastructures; and how contemporary US–China relations in respect to the Internet may be set within this historical framework. The longstanding dominance of the United States over extraterritorial networks was itself a historical outcome, and today it faces escalating – but still far from successful – challenges.
HIV postexposure prophylaxis in sexual assault: current practice and patient adherence to treatment recommendations in a large urban teaching hospital.

Background: Although rare, HIV transmission is one of the most feared consequences of sexual assault. While availability of medications to prevent HIV transmission (HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis [HIV nPEP]) is increasing, little is known about emergency department (ED) prescribing practices and patient adherence to treatment recommendations. Objectives: To determine factors associated with offering, following up with, and adhering to treatment when HIV nPEP is initiated for sexual assault victims. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of female patients presenting with complaint of sexual assault to an urban ED from October 1, 1999, to September 30, 2002. HIV nPEP medications and/or follow-up were provided without charge. Chi-square analysis identified factors associated with being offered or referred for nPEP and follow-up. Variables significant at the p < 0.10 level were entered into logistic regression analysis. Results: Two hundred twenty-nine charts were reviewed. The final sample size was 181. Mean age was 29.1 years; median time from assault to presentation was 10.1 hours; 51.5% of the assailants were known to the victims. HIV nPEP was offered to 89 (49%) patients, and 11 patients were referred to an HIV nurse. Eighty-five (85%) patients accepted, 38 of these 85 (45%) followed up, and 18 of the 85 (21%) completed treatment. In multivariate analysis, three variables were statistically significantly associated with increased likelihood of referral or being offered HIV nPEP: unknown assailant, having insurance, and younger age. Treatment was completed by 15 of 82 (18%) of ED-initiated patients, versus three of three (100%) referred for initiation. The authors were unable to identify factors associated with completing treatment. Conclusions: HIV nPEP was offered to less than half of sexual assault patients, and few completed treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate and improve appropriateness of HIV nPEP administration and follow-up.
Cone Beam Tomographic Imaging Anatomy of the Maxillofacial Region

Multiplanar imaging is a fairly new concept in diagnostic imaging available with a number of contemporary imaging modalities such as CT, MR imaging, diagnostic ultrasound, and others. This modality allows reconstruction of images in different planes (flat or curved) from a volume of data that was acquired previously. This concept makes the diagnostic process more interactive, and proper use may increase diagnostic potential. At the same time, the complexity of the anatomical structures on the maxillofacial region may make it harder for these images to be interpreted. This article reviews the anatomy of maxillofacial structures in planar imaging, and more specifically cone-beam CT images.
Multifunctional high density polyethylene nanocomposites produced by incorporation of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 1: Morphology and mechanical properties

This research explores the potential of using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, xGnP, as the reinforcement in high density polyethylene (HDPE). Two kinds of xGnP nanoparticles were used; xGnP-1 has the thickness of 10 nm and a platelet diameter of 1 μm, whereas xGnP-15 has the same thickness but the diameter is around 15 μm. HDPE/xGnP nanocomposite were fabricated first by melt blending and then followed by injection molding. The HDPE/xGnP nanocomposite's flexural strength, modulus and impact strength were evaluated and compared with composites filled with commercial reinforcements such as carbon fibers (CF), carbon black (CB) and glass fibers (GF). Polymer nanocomposites from HDPE/xGnP are equivalent in flexural stiffness and strength to HDPE composites reinforced with glass fibers and carbon black but slightly less than that of HDPE/carbon fiber composites at the same volume fraction. However, the Izod impact strength of HDPE/xGnP nanocomposites is significantly greater (∼250%) than all other reinforcements at the same volume fractions. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Server Scheduling in the Weighted ℓ p Norm

We explain how the apparent goals of the Unix CPU scheduling policy can be formalized using the weighted l p norm of flows. We then show that the online algorithm, Highest Density First (HDF), and the nonclairvoyant algorithm, Weighted Shortest Elapsed Time First (WSETF), are almost fully scalable. That is, they are (1 + e)-speed O(1)-competitive. Even for unit weights, it was known that there is no O(1)-competitive algorithm. We also give a generic way to transform an algorithm A in an algorithm B in such a way that if A is O(1)-speed O(1)-competitive with respect to some l p norm of flow then B is O(1)-competitive with respect to the l p norm of completion times. Further, if A is online (nonclairvoyant) then B is online (nonclairvoyant). Combining these results gives an O(1)-competitive nonclairvoyant algorithm for l p norms of completion times.
Rapid and repetitive plant regeneration in sweetpotato via somatic embryogenesis

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system characterized by rapid and continuous production of somatic embryos using leaf and petiole expiants has been developed in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)]. The optimal somatic embryogenic response was obtained in the genotype PI 318846-3 with a two-step protocol: (1) stage I-incubation of expiants in the dark for 2 weeks on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2.5 mg/l) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0.25 mg/l) and, (2) stage II-culture in the light on MS medium with abscisic acid (ABA) (2.5 mg/l). The addition of ABA was critical for enhanced production of somatic embryos. Secondary somatic embryos were produced from the primary embryos cultured on MS medium with 2,4-D at 0.2 mg/l. The somatic embryos were converted into normal plantlets when cultured on basal MS medium. Upon transfer to soil, plants grew well and appeared normal with no mortality. The system of somatic embryogenesis described here will facilitate tissue culture, germplasm conservation and gene transfer research of sweetpotato due to its rapidity (6 to 10 weeks), prolific plant production by direct embryogenesis, ease of secondary somatic embryo production and reproducibility.
Sketching and gestures 101

The goals for this lecture are to introduce you to some of the important issues involved with designing and implementing sketch and gesture-based interfaces. Additionally, this lecture will give you some guidance about how to get started with these interfaces. For the remainder of this lecture, unless otherwise noted, we will include gestural command systems and interfaces within the general area of sketch-based interfaces.
Value and limitations of two dimensional echocardiography in assessment of cardiomyopathy

Abstract Primary myocardial diseases have traditionally been classified into congestive, hypertrophic and restrictive varieties. M mode echocardiography has proved extremely valuable in distinguishing congestive cardiomyopathy with major ventricular dilation and poor contractile performance from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with predominant left ventricular hypertrophy (septum greater than posterior wall) and normal pump performance, and restrictive disorders with symmetric ventricular wall thickening and normal or diminished contractile function. The contributions of two dimensional echocardiography to the evaluation of patients with congestive or restrictive cardiomyopathy have been limited to certain specific situations, such as the recognition of left ventricular mural thrombi. Twenty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied to assess two dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with this disorder, Two dimensional echocardiography indicated that hypertrophy of the interventricular septum is not uniform from apex to base in all patients but may be greatest in the apical, mid or basal third. In addition, the anterior free wall of the left ventricle was involved in the hypertrophic process in approximately 50 percent of patients. Two dimensional echocardiography documented that the location of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most often at the junction of the mitral valve leaflets and chordae ten-dineae, although the chordae themselves and even the papillary muscles may be involved in this movement. The heterogeneity of these characteristics may enable patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to be classified into subsets of patients in whom meaningful therapeutic and prognostic implications may be derived. Finally, data derived from two dimensional echocardiography have shown that, although the left ventricle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy conforms in some degree to the configuration of a catenoid, this geometric conformation is unlikely to account for the genesis of this disorder.
The convergence of a multidimensional, locally conservative Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element method for a semilinear parabolic equation

We study a locally conservative Eulerian–Lagrangian finite element method for approximating the solution of a semilinear parabolic equation and prove that a post-processed version of the method converges at an optimal rate as the space and time increments tend to zero.
The aging skin.

: This article is a brief outline of some characteristics of the aging skin. The importance of correct diagnosis is illustrated by a case history involving scabies versus a nervous disorder. The role of prolonged exposure to sunlight in the development of skin tumors is discussed.
The New Library Building

Donald Cameron, the university librarian, announces the second state appropriation for a new library, (later named the Alexander Library) and the plans for it.
The effect of cosmic rays on meteorites

An investigation has been made into the effect upon meteorites in space of the primary rays in the exceedingly strong cosmic radiation that falls upon these bodies before they penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Specimens of meteorites with terrestrial ages (i.e., intervals since time of fall) ranging from 9 months to 457 years were studied by means of the nuclear-emulsion-plate technique. The oldest meteorite studied (Ensisheim, Alsace, France) was found to be inactive, and the next oldest (Pitts, Georgia) was only very slightly active. On the other hand, the relatively young Walters, Oklahoma, meteorite showed considerable activity, and a metallic inclusion and one piece of crust from the very recent Norton-Furnas Counties, Kansas-Nebraska, achondritic fall of 1948 February 18 were very active indeed. Another piece of Norton crust showed only slight activity, and two other fragments of this achondrite were inactive. Examination of the nuclear “stars” recorded on the emulsion plates shows that the activity observed in the specimens studied is an induced one and cannot be attributed to the low content of natural radioactive elements present in the meteorites. Tentative explanations of this induced activity are advanced in the paper.
The centrality of culture

Culture has been neglected by researchers of intercultural communication. During the last decade, there have been scattered investigations of world regions and countries, and only Japan and the U.S. have been investigated in depth through multiple communication studies. Africa, S.E. Asia, Latin America, and Europe have been virtually ignored by intercultural researchers. Intracultural communication is described as a new research and teaching direction for the 90s.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of a Series of Aluminium–Amidate Complexes*

The aluminium complexes {[κ2-N,O-(t-BuNCOPh)]AlMe2}2 (2), [κ2-N,O-(t-BuNCOPh)]2AlMe (3), and [κ2-N,O-(t-BuNCOPh)]3Al (4) were prepared through the protonolysis reaction between trimethylaluminium and one, two, or three equivalents, respectively, of N-tert-butylbenzamide. Complex 2 was also prepared via a salt metathesis reaction between K(t-BuNCOPh) and dimethylaluminium chloride. Complexes 2–4 were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the complexes corroborated ligand : metal stoichiometries and revealed that all the amidate ligands coordinate to the aluminium ion in a κ2 fashion. The Al–amidate complexes 2–4 were viable catalyst precursors for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley–Oppenauer reduction–oxidation manifold, successfully interconverting several classes of carbonyl and alcohol substrates.
La cage aux fold: asymmetry in the crystal structure of GroEL–GroES–(ADP)7

The structure of the molecular chaperone GroEL from Escherichia coli in complex with GroES and seven ADP molecules has recently been reported to 3 A resolution. The structure illustrates how the cavity of GroEL is converted from a hydrophobic environment, suitable for binding unfolded polypeptides, to a much larger hydrophilic environment suitable for refolding proteins.
The newspaper workplace: An old culture passes

(1983). The newspaper workplace: An old culture passes. Labor History: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 565-567.
The Effect of an Occupational Therapy Role-Playing Intervention on the Social Skills of Adolescents With Asperger's Syndrome: A Pilot Study

The purpose of the authors in this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational therapy role-playing intervention for adolescents with Asperger's syndrome. An ABA multiple baseline single-subject design across participants was used with three adolescents to determine if a six-week intervention could increase targeted social behaviors. Data were collected over baseline, intervention, and probe phases. Three methods of analysis were used: visual inspection of graphed data, paired t tests, and a three standard deviation-band approach. Findings demonstrated that all three participants were able to increase the frequency of targeted social skill use from baseline to intervention and maintain this level at a one month probe. Differences between baseline and intervention phases for each participant reached statistical significance. Through this study the authors offer preliminary evidence that an occupational therapy role-playing intervention that is both client centered and graded can increase targe...
Species dependent biotransformation and tissue distribution of tributyltin in two marine teleosts

Abstract Two marine flatfish species, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), were exposed intermuscularly to tributyltin chloride (TBT) at 0.93 mg tin/kg body weight. The tissue concentrations of TBT and its biotransformation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were monitored over a three week period. Tributyltin concentrations generally reached a maximum in all tissues by 24 h post exposure. At 24 h, the bile contained the greatest concentrations of tin, followed by the liver and kidney, and then by spleen and muscle. Total butyltins were generally present at higher concentrations in starry flounder than in English sole for all tissues, except gall bladder, at all time points. In both species the concentration of hepatic DBT increased with time. The time-point at which TBT and DBT concentrations became approximately equal was between 1 and 3 days for English sole and between 7 and 14 days for starry flounder. The ratios of hepatic TBT to DBT concentrations at all time-points from 1 to 21 days were significantly lower in English sole compared to starry flounder, suggesting more rapid biotransformation of TBT in English sole. First-order elimination rate constants for TBT in liver were 0.061 and 0.068 day−1 for English sole and starry flounder, respectively. The kidney TBT half-lives were shorter in flatfish than in rainbow trout.
Headache in patients with cancer

Contemporary cancer research has led to unparalleled advances in therapeutics and improved survival. Even as treatment options continue to improve, quality of life should remain a priority. Headache drastically impacts the quality of life of patients with cancer and has a wide etiological scope, making diagnosis a challenge. Intracranial mass lesions are only one cause; others include extracranial tumors, paraneoplastic processes, and the consequences of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions used in cancer care. Fortunately, cancer-related headache is treatable, but a sound understanding of the variable etiologies is crucial to appropriate diagnostic evaluation and treatment. In this review, we highlight the important causes of headache in the patient with cancer, and consider the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical course, and treatment options for each.
Development and germination of pecan somatic embryos derived from liquid culture

Aggregates of globular and pre-globular stage somatic embryos from suspension cultures of pecan (Carya illinoensis Koch) were cultured on solidified media for embryo development. Embryo aggregates and pre-globular stage embryo masses were given various treatments to further ontologic development. A 2- to 4-wk mild dehydration of the embryo aggregates suppressed recurrent embryogenesis, promoted development of globular embryos into cotyledonary stage embryos, and enhanced plant development beyond germination. Fine embryogenic tissue masses filtered from suspension formed cotyledonary-staged embryos when the collection filters were plated on solified medium. The embryogenic capacity of preglobular stage embryo masses was compared between media supplemented with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 8 000) vs. filter overlays. The filter paper overlays were not necessary for embryo development. An inverse relationship was found between the number of embryos that developed and the concentration of polyethylene glycol in the medium. However, this relationship was reversed for ability of embryos to germinate and develop into a plant.
Skin as an organ transplant: vascularization and healing in autografts of increasing size

Abstract The healing and restoration of free full-thickness skin grafts is directly related to the rate of revascularization and resumption of blood flow in the graft. Temporary ‘vascular lakes’, similar to primitive embryonic sinusoids, serve as a central terminal for capillary buds both from the graft bed and the graft dermis in the re-establishment of circulation in the graft. The epidermis undergoes loss of differentiation with subsequent redifferentiation and formation of new appendages between days 15 and 25. The healing of grafts can be classified into optimal, delayed and greatly delayed. With increasing graft size there is a higher incidence of delayed and greatly delayed healing. The necrobiotic changes following ischaemic damage in skin autografts may mimic some of the phenomena of rejection both macro- and microscopically.
Biogenesis of lamellar bodies, lysosome-related organelles involved in storage and secretion of pulmonary surfactant

Lamellar bodies are members of a subclass of lysosome-related organelles referred to as secretory lysosomes. The principal constituents of the lamellar body, surfactant phospholipids, are organized into tightly packed, bilayer membranes in a process that is strongly influenced by the lung-specific, hydrophobic peptide SP-B. Newly synthesized SP-B is transported from the Golgi to the lamellar body via multivesicular bodies; in contrast, preliminary evidence suggests that newly synthesized surfactant phospholipids are transported from the ER and incorporated into the internal membranes of the lamellar body via a distinct pathway.
Developmental changes in the activities of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in rat small intestine.

Abstract To study an enzymatic basis for the postnatal changes in intestinal glycosylation, the activities of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases were determined in the particulate fraction of mucosal cells prepared from rat small intestine of various ages. The results show that sialyltransferase activity was present in increased levels compared to adults during the preweaning period (1–2 weeks) and subsequently declined 5-fold to adult levels after weaning, while fucosyltransferase activity was decreased compared to adults in the first 3 weeks of life, rapidly increased at 4 weeks, and reached adult level (10-fold) by 5 weeks. The changes in both sialyl- and fucosyltransferase activities were reflected by the membranous content of glycosidic-bound sialic acid and fucose, respectively. Cortisone injection precociously induced a decreased sialyltransferase activity and an increased fucosyltransferase activity in 2-week-old suckling rats. This study indicates that the activities of sialyl- and fucosyltransferases were reciprocally related and modulated by cortisone action in the developing intestine. These enzyme changes may be responsible for the previously noted shift from sialylation to fucosylation of the intestinal mucosa during maturation.
Interphase effects in dental nanocomposites investigated by small-angle neutron scattering.

Small-angle and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS) were used to characterize silica nanoparticle dispersion morphologies and the interphase in thermoset dimethacrylate polymer nanocomposites. Silica nanoparticle fillers were silanized with varying mass ratios of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), a silane that interacts with the matrix through covalent and H-bonding, and n-octyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS), a silane that interacts through weak dispersion forces. Interphases with high OTMS mass fractions were found to be fractally rough with fractal dimensions, Ds, between 2.19 and 2.49. This roughness was associated with poor interfacial adhesion and inferior mechanical properties. Mean interparticle distances calculated for composites containing 10 mass % and 25 mass % silica suggest that the nanoparticles treated with more MPTMS than OTMS may be better dispersed than OTMS-rich nanoparticles. The results indicate that the covalent bonding and H-bonding of MPTMS-rich nanoparticles with the matrix are necessary for preparing well-dispersed nanocomposites. In addition, interphases containing equal masses of MPTMS and OTMS may yield composites with overall optimal properties. Finally, the combined SANS/USANS data could distinguish the differences, as a function of silane chemistry, in the nanoparticle/silane and silane/matrix interfaces that affect the overall mechanical properties of the composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Mortality in intracoronary versus intravenous abciximab.

www.thelancet.com Vol 380 July 7, 2012 25 UK (CEC, RST, JLC); Vascular Medicine, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility and Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (ACS); and Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (PenCLAHRC), Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK (OCU)
Increased risk and pattern of secondary malignancies in patients with invasive extramammary Paget disease

Summary Background Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is often associated with underlying or distant synchronous malignancies. The prognosis for affected patients is generally favourable; however, the risk of secondary malignancies is unknown. Objectives The goal of the study was to analyse the incidence, prognosis and pattern of secondary malignancies for patients with invasive EMPD using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Methods We searched the SEER Program database for patients diagnosed with invasive EMPD between 1973 and 2008. Demographic data, outcome and secondary malignancies more than 1 year after the initial diagnosis of invasive EMPD were included in the analysis. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and estimated the excess absolute risk (EAR) per 10 000 person-years (PY). Results There were 1439 patients who were diagnosed with invasive EMPD. Most patients (80·4%) had localized disease, while 17·1% had locoregional spread and 2·5% presented with distant disease. The SIR for secondary malignancies in patients with invasive EMPD was significantly elevated with an EAR of 97·4 additional malignancies per 10 000 PY. The excess risk was mostly due to a significantly increased incidence of colorectal and anal malignancies. The initial site of disease predicted the site of the secondary malignancies, with patients with colorectal, anal, vulvar and scrotal disease showing an increased risk of colorectal, anal, vulvar and scrotal malignancies, respectively. Conclusions Our study identified a long-term increased risk of developing secondary malignancies in patients with invasive EMPD that are mainly related to the site of origin of this disease. Patients with invasive EMPD require prolonged follow-up and screening for these malignancies.
Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy of single charged gaas quantum dots

Coherent nonlinear optical measurements on single charged GaAs quantum dots show both bright and dark transitions in the Voigt configuration. Preliminary measurements give the lower limit of spin dephasing time (T2) as 13 nsec
Volume displacement effects during bubble entrainment in a travelling vortex ring

When a few bubbles are entrained in a travelling vortex ring, it has been shown that, even at extremely low volume loadings, their presence can significantly affect the structure of the vortex core (Sridhar & Katz, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 397, 1999, pp. 171–202). A typical Euler–Lagrange point-particle model with two-way coupling for this dilute system, wherein the bubbles are assumed subgrid and momentum point sources are used to model their effect on the flow, is shown to be unable to capture accurately the experimental trends of bubble settling location, bubble escape and vortex distortion for a range of bubble parameters and vortex strengths. The bubbles experience significant amounts of drag, lift, added mass, pressure and gravity forces. However, these forces are in balance with each other as the bubbles reach a mean settling location away from the vortex core. The reaction force on the fluid due to the net summation of these forces alone is thus very small and is unable to affect the vortex core. By accounting for fluid volume displacement due to bubble motion, experimental trends on vortex distortion and bubble settling location are captured accurately. The fluid displacement effects are studied by computing various contributions to an effective volume displacement force and are found to be important even at low volume loadings. As the bubble size and hence bubble Reynolds number increase, the bubbles settle further away from the vortex centre and have strong potential for vortex distortion. The net volume displacement force depends on the radial pressure force, the radial settling location of the bubble, as well as the vortex Reynolds number. The resultant of the volume displacement force is found to be roughly at with the vortex travel direction, resulting in wakes directed towards the vortex centre. Finally, a simple modification to the standard point-particle two-way coupling approach is developed wherein the interphase reaction source terms are consistently altered to account for the fluid displacement effects and reactions due to bubble accelerations.
The role of interstitial brachytherapy with salvage surgery for the management of recurrent head and neck cancers.

BACKGROUND. The role of interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) in the salvage surgical management of regional lymphatic metastases for head and neck cancer has not been defined to date. To further explore its therapeutic benefit in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the authors reviewed their experience utilizing IBT at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. METHODS. A retrospective chart review of all patients who were received IBT for cervical recurrences of head and neck cancer was undertaken. Twenty-two patients were identified; all patients underwent neck dissection and intraoperative placement of afterloading catheters as part of the salvage treatment. Soft tissue reconstruction was performed when necessary. The duration and dosage of salvage brachytherapy was reviewed, and the overall disease-free survival rates were determined. RESULTS. All patients had been treated with external beam radiation therapy prior to recurrence, with an average dose of 65 grays (Gy), and 46% of patients had undergone prior neck dissection. The median time to regional recurrence after definitive treatment was 30 months. Soft tissue coverage of the surgical bed with a muscle flap, most commonly a pectoralis major flap, was performed in 19 of 22 patients. The median IBT dose was 60 Gy over a total duration of 4 days. Postoperative complications were few, and there were no perioperative deaths. Recurrences in the reirradiated necks occurred in 27% of patients. CONCLUSIONS. Regional recurrences are common after multimodality treatment for head and neck cancer and are challenging to manage. Although its role has not been defined clearly, salvage neck dissection with IBT is beneficial in the management of recurrent lymphatic metastases of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas. Cancer 2007;109:2052–7. � 2007 American Cancer Society.
Maps of auditory cortex in cats reared after unilateral cochlear ablation in the neonatal period

The responses of many neurons recorded in the high best-frequency region of primary auditory cortical field, AI, of the normal adult cat depend upon intensity differences of the sounds arriving at the two ears. These binaural interactions are exhibited early in postnatal life, well before structural maturation of the auditory pathways from the ear to the cortex is complete. The aim of the present work was to study certain aspects of the functional development of the auditory cortex in adult cats unilaterally deaf from birth. In adult animals reared with a neonatal cochlear ablation, field AI ipsilateral to the non-operated ear showed a normal tonotopic map, which was derived from single neurons and neuron clusters driven securely by best-frequency tonal stimulation in virtually every electrode penetration. The acoustic thresholds at many recording sites were as low as those obtained in AI contralateral to the non-operated ear. These findings are in marked contrast to those from control experiments on normal adult cats where only about 65% of AI neurons were excited by a sound delivered to the ipsilateral ear and where thresholds to ipsilateral ear stimulation were significantly higher than contralateral thresholds. The spatial distribution of cortical neurons based on acoustic thresholds also appeared to be different in cats unilaterally deaf from birth when compared to control cats. Closely spaced electrode penetrations in AI ipsilateral to the non-operated ear suggested that neurons were separated into low-threshold regions and high-threshold regions. There was no evidence for this type of non-random segregation in control experiments.
A new residual for ordinal outcomes

We propose a new residual for regression models of ordinal outcomes, defined as E{sign(y,Y)}, where y is the observed outcome and Y is a random variable from the fitted distribution. This new residual is a single value per subject irrespective of the number of categories of the ordinal outcome, contains directional information between the observed value and the fitted distribution, and does not require the assignment of arbitrary numbers to categories. We study its properties, describe its connections with other residuals, ranks and ridits, and demonstrate its use in model diagnostics.
Identification and Bioactivities of Resveratrol Oligomers and Flavonoids from Carex folliculata Seeds

Plants of the Carex genus (Family: Cyperaceae) have attracted recent attention as potential food additives because they contain high levels of bioactive polyphenols commonly found in plant foods. Seven compounds, which included two resveratrol oligomers and five flavonoids, were isolated from seeds of Carex folliculata L. (northern long sedge), a forage prevalent in the northern United States. The compounds were identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. The resveratrol oligomers were pallidol (1), a resveratrol dimer reported to be present in levels equivalent to those of resveratrol in red wine, and kobophenol A (2), a resveratrol tetramer with a unique 2,3,4,5-tetraaryltetrahydrofuran skeleton. The flavonoids were isoorientin (3), luteolin (4), quercetin (5), 3-O-methylquercetin (6), and rutin (7). Compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay; cytotoxicity activity against human colon (HCT116, HT29) ...
A new method for the registration of three-dimensional point-sets: The Gaussian Fields framework

In this paper, we present a 3D automatic registration method based on Gaussian Fields and energy minimization. A continuously differentiable energy function is defined, which is convex in a large neighborhood of the alignment parameters. We show that the size of the region of convergence can be significantly extended reducing the need for close initialization and overcoming local convergence problems of the standard Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithms. Moreover, the Gaussian criterion can be applied with linear computational complexity using Fast Gauss Transform methods. Experimental evaluation of the technique using synthetic and real datasets demonstrates the usefulness as well as the limits of the approach.
Expanding technology access

The University of Missouri-Columbia Information Access Technology Services (IATS) Computing Sites acquired an already existing laptop checkout program that our Memorial Union had in place. They had 10 laptops for short term checkout and it has become a very popular program. With our acquisition, we have increased the laptops from their existing 10 to 20 PC notebooks and 5 iBooks. We also have worked with the Engineering library to implement a laptop check out program that consists of 5 laptops with specialized software that the engineers use. With the success of this laptop checkout program, we are in the process of working with the student unions committee to implement a much larger program for our students, including over 100 laptops in 2008. In our programs, both at Memorial Union and the Engineering library, the laptops are checked out to students as a supplement to using the over 50 different computing sites located across campus. I will describe the specs of the laptops, our check out policies, tracking of the laptops, and discuss our expansion plans with the changing teaching environment and the use of laptops for group projects. My goal is to show how using laptops will effectively increase computing resources for students without expanding the physical space of computing sites.
NF-Y, AP2, Nrf1 and Sp1 regulate the fragile X-related gene 2 (FXR2).

Fragile X syndrome, the most common heritable form of mental retardation, is caused by silencing of the FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation-1 gene). The protein product of this gene, FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein), is thought to be involved in the translational regulation of mRNAs important for learning and memory. In mammals, there are two homologues of FMRP, namely FXR1P (fragile X-related protein 1) and FXR2P. Disruption of Fxr2 in mice produces learning and memory deficits, and Fmr1 and Fxr2 double-knockout mice have exaggerated impairments in certain neurobehavioral phenotypes relative to the single gene knockouts. This has led to the suggestion that FMR1 and FXR2 functionally overlap and that increasing the expression of FXR2P may ameliorate the symptoms of an FMRP deficiency. Interestingly, the region upstream of the FXR2 translation start site acts as a bidirectional promoter in rodents, driving transcription of an alternative transcript encoding the ABP (androgen-binding protein) [aABP (alternative ABP promoter)]. To understand the regulation of the human FXR2 gene, we cloned the evolutionarily conserved region upstream of the FXR2 translation start site and showed that it also has bidirectional promoter activity in both neuronal and muscle cells as evidenced by luciferase reporter assay studies. Alignment of the human, mouse, rat, rabbit and dog promoters reveals several highly conserved transcription factor-binding sites. Gel electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and co-transfection experiments with plasmids expressing these transcription factors or dominant-negative versions of these factors showed that NF-YA (nuclear transcription factor Yα), AP2 (activator protein 2), Nrf1 (nuclear respiratory factor/α-Pal) and Sp1 (specificity protein 1) all bind to the FXR2 promoter both in vitro and in vivo and positively regulate the FXR2 promoter.
Petrology of the Grays River volcanics, southwest Washington: Plume-influenced slab window magmatism in the Cascadia forearc

The Grays River volcanics are part of the Coast Range basalt province and consist of ∼3500 m of tholeiitic basalt flows and volcaniclastic rocks that erupted in the Cascadia forearc from 42 to 37 Ma. Chemical and isotopic data, combined with migration of the location of magmatism through time, indicate that Grays River volcanics magmatism was related to subduction of a plume-influenced spreading ridge that produced a northward-migrating slab window. Involvement of a mantle plume source is indicated by ocean-island basalt (OIB)-like incompatible element enrichments and radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb > 19.3). These Pb isotope data are distinct from most Cascade arc rocks and from Cascadia sediment, but they overlap with compositions of other Coast Range basalts. A slab window setting accounts for the northward-younging age progression of the Grays River volcanics as well as geochemical traits, including low B/Be, that indicate the Grays River magmas ascended through the mantle wedge and subducting slab without acquiring an arc signature. Differentiation of Grays River magmas was dominated by clinopyroxene fractionation, which resulted in evolved compositions (Mg# = 59–32), low Sc contents, and Sr contents that increase with fractionation. Geochemical differences between the Grays River volcanics and other Cascadia forearc volcanic units that range from ca. 55 Ma (Crescent Basalts) to <3 Ma (Boring Lavas) were mainly caused by transient changes in tectonic setting (i.e., arrival of a mantle plume, ridge subduction) and do not record progressive chemical modification of the mantle wedge.
Vision therapy for basic exotropia in adults: 2 case studies.

Abstract Background Basic exotropia accounts for approximately 50% of all intermittent exotropias. Many clinicians view treating these patients, especially adults with childhood-onset exotropia, as challenging. Conflicting opinions still exist regarding prescribing any treatment for adult strabismics, including surgical realignment and optometric vision therapy (VT). Case Reports Two cases are discussed, both of which are adult patients with moderate-size intermittent exotropia of the basic type who presented with asthenopia, headaches, and/or diplopia. Twenty to 30 in-office VT sessions were recommended to reduce the magnitude and frequency of the deviation as well as improve their binocularity and decrease their symptoms. After completing VT, both patients became phoric for all distances, had normal vergence ability, and had normal near points of convergence. In the second case, the long-term outcome was evaluated 5 years post-therapy. Conclusion Optometric VT was highly successful in both patients with childhood intermittent exotropia of the basic type. Most important, optometric VT eliminated the patients’ symptoms of asthenopia and diplopia without the need for surgery.