cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum Leptin Concentrations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Men With Low Adiposity

The product of the obese gene (ob) is the protein leptin, which is synthesized in and secreted from adipocytes. Fasting serum leptin concentrations are closely related to body fat content and are higher in obese than in normal-weight individuals. Leptin may contribute to body weight regulation. Overproduction of leptin in certain pathologic conditions such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) might in principle contribute to the low body fat content associated with body wasting. We measured fasting serum leptin levels by radioimmunoassay in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in a group of healthy lean men to determine whether HIV infection increases leptin levels. Thirteen HIV-infected men aged 26 to 50 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 15 to 26 kg/m2 and 4 to 24 kg body fat (7% to 29% body fat) had serum leptin levels (3.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL) that were not elevated compared with the levels in 17 healthy men (4.0 ± 1.4 ng/mL) matched for age (23 to 47 years), BMI (18 to 26 kg/m2), and body fat (5 to 21 kg; 9% to 28%). In both groups of men, serum leptin concentrations were correlated with percent body fat and body fat content (P < .001), and these relationships were not different between the two groups. In both groups, leptin concentrations were not correlated with lean body mass (P ≥ .24). Energy intake in the HIV-infected men, assessed from 3-day intake records, was within the normal range. These findings extend the hypothesis that circulating leptin concentrations directly reflect adipose tissue mass, even in HIV-infected men with low body fat content. These findings do not support the hypothesis that HIV infection is associated with high circulating leptin concentrations, and suggest that low leptin levels do not stimulate food intake in HIV-infected individuals.
VISUAL IMAGERY: JOINING IMAGES TO CREATE NEW SHAPES OF VARYING COMPLEXITY

36 volunteers were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions following successful completion of a custom designed vividness of imagery pretest. They were timed on the task of completing a visual image created by joining together visual shapes functioning like "puzzle pieces." A significant linear relationship between difficulty and time to perform operations was found; men and women performed similarly.
Properties of graphitized carbon fiber-halogen residue compounds

Abstract Br2 or ICl residue compound formation in TP 4104B and GY-70 fibers increases their electrical conductivity 3–5 times. It also decreases the tensile strength of the GY-70 fibers by increasing their cross-sectional area. In contrast, the tensile strength of the TP 4104B fiber remains unchanged on Br2 or ICl residue compound formation. The TP 4104B/Br2 residue compound loses only 1–2% of its weight and increases its resistance by only 5–10% when heated to 400°C in air; the ICl residue compounds of both fibers are unstable above 150°C. The temperature coefficient of resistivity of the unintercalated fibers (in the range 2–673 K) is attributed to a temperature dependent variation in the number of current carriers in the intercrystalline regions of the fibers and not to a finite resistance percolation path through the graphite crystallites. The magnetoresistance of the fibers from 2–200 K is attributed to a large resistance increase within the graphite crystallites. Both the temperature coefficient of resistivity and the magnetoresistance of the residue compounds are consistent with a metallic-like electron structure. The preparation of bromine residue compounds of individual TP 4104B fibers that had different bromine concentrations was not successful; fibers either intercalated Br2 and formed the “full” residue compound or remained unintercalated.
Transnational citizenship across the Americas

A variety of phenomena including mass migrations, diasporas, dual citizenship arrangements, neoliberal economic reforms and global social justice movements have since the 1970s produced shifting boundaries and meanings of citizenship within and beyond the Americas. This special issue builds upon, but also extends, prior discussions on transnational citizenship, by situating new practices of ‘immigrant’ and ‘emigrant’ citizenship and the policies that both facilitate and delimit them in a broader political–economic context and accounts for how new forms of neoliberal governance shape such practices. The essays included here draw from a range of disciplines and inter-disciplinary perspectives that focus on migration between the United States and countries in Latin America and the Caribbean which in recent years have been transformed into ‘emigrant states.’
Molecular evidence for interspecies transmission of H3N2pM/H3N2v influenza A viruses at an Ohio agricultural fair, July 2012.

Evidence accumulating in 2011–2012 indicates that there is significant intra- and inter-species transmission of influenza A viruses at agricultural fairs, which has renewed interest in this unique ...
Alterations in sensitivity to calcium and enzymatic hydrolysis of membranes from sickle cell disease and trait erythrocytes

Normally, human erythrocytes display several responses to elevated intracellular calcium levels. These include a shape transition from discocyte to spherocyte, shedding of microvesicles into the extracellular fluid, and enhanced susceptibility to the hydrolytic action of secretory phospholipase A2. These responses to elevated intracellular calcium were all blunted in erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S. The reduction of both the shape transition and the shedding of microvesicles were greater than the impairment of phospholipase susceptibility, and both correlated strongly with the intracellular content of hemoglobin S. In contrast to the response to elevated intracellular calcium, erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S displayed a 2.5-fold increase in basal susceptibility to phospholipase A2 compared to control erythrocytes in the absence of ionophore. The effect was more prominent among samples from patients heterozygous for hemoglobin S than in samples from homozygous individuals. These results reveal additional abnormalities in the membranes of sickle cell erythrocytes beyond those described previously and demonstrate that red blood cells from both heterozygous and homozygous are affected. Furthermore, they suggest a possible means by which sickle cell disease and trait patients may display enhanced vulnerability to inflammatory stimuli. Am. J. Hematol. 72:162–169, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On Smoothness Constraints with Shape Constraints in a Robust Bayesian Analysis

We examine the role of the likelihood in Bayesian robustness with the density ratio class (DeRobertis and Hartigan, 1981. Ann. Stat.) and show how to impose smoothness on the density ratio class after imposing shape constraints. We discuss how to impose shape constraints on the density bounded class (Lavine, 1991. JASA)
The Trouble with Uncompensated Hospital Care

According to the American Hospital Association, hospitals spent about $25 billion on uncompensated care last year. Given the increasing numbers of uninsured and underinsured Americans, one might expect a parallel increase in the level of spending on uncompensated care. In fact, as Joel Weissman details in this article, the opposite appears to be true.
Rheumatic mitral stenosis: cross-sectional echocardiographic analysis

Abstract Twenty-one patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis diagnosed by both M-mode echocardiography and hemodynamic findings were subjected to detailed cross-sectional echocardiographic studies. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 79 years with 76% females. Left ventricular longitudinal, short axis, and apical four-chamber cross-sectional echocardiographic views were obtained in each patient. Three predominant patterns of anterior mitral leaflet motion on left ventricular longitudinal view were observed and correlated with the severity of mitral stenosis: Pattern A (eight patients) with diastolic leaflet doming and restricted leaflet tip motion, Pattern B (eight patients) with restricted tip and body leaflet motion, and Pattern C (five patients) with the entire leaflet motion restricted. Mitral valve prolapse as a rebound phenomenon was observed in three patients who had marked leaflet doming in Pattern A and two had severe obstruction. The longitudinal cross-sectional echocardiography was superior to the apical view in assessing the diastolic doming motion of the anterior mitral leaflet. Thus, longitudinal cross-sectional echocardiographic analysis of the pliability and degree of doming of the anterior mitral leaflet is valuable in estimating the severity of mitral stenosis.
Exploring high-performance and energy proportional interface for phase change memory systems

Phase change memory is emerging as a promising candidate for building up future energy efficient memory systems. To achieve high-performance and energy proportional design, phase change memory devices need to be reorganized so that (1) the relatively long latency of phase change memory devices should be hidden; (2) unnecessary power waste of phase change memory need to be preserved. Previous studies show that conventional memory ranks could be broken down into multiple smaller ranks for increased concurrency and lower power consumption. Nevertheless, the conventional electrical bus is incapable of supporting a large number of memory chips due to its insufficient load capacity and signal traversing speed. In this paper, we propose a phase change memory system design that leverages the state-of-art photonic links to overcome this issue. Moreover, thanks to the flexibility of photonic links, it is possible to amortize the small-rank penalty (e.g. the rank-to-rank switch overhead) by partitioning the channels either statically or dynamically. Our experimental results show that photonically interconnected phase change memory can increase the system performance (IPC) by up to 19% while saving 35% memory system power.
Involvement of phospholipase A2 in norepinephrine release from synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebral cortex

Abstract Phospholipase A 2 added directly to superfused [ 3 H]norepinephrine-labeled synaptosomes could cause the release of neurotransmitter molecules. Chloroquine and quinacrine, which block the action of phospholipase A 2 , inhibited either the phospholipase A 2 -stimulated or the high potassium-stimulated release of [ 3 H]norepinephrine from synaptosomes. Only quinacrine blocked the high potassium-stimulated influx of Ca 2+ . It appears that during stimulation of synaptosomes, Ca 2+ influx leads to the activation of phospholipase A 2 , which in turn, hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids in situ. The formation of lysophospholipids may alter the microenvironment and the physicochemical properties of membranes, resulting in the release of neurotransmitter through exocytosis.
Underwater Adhesion Measurements using the JKR Technique

The JKR (Johnson–Kendall–Roberts) method of contact mechanics has been widely utilized for measuring adhesion properties between a deformable elastomeric lens and various materials. Such measurements are normally performed in air. We attempted to verify whether the JKR technique could be practical for evaluating adhesion properties under water. After modifying the common JKR apparatus to be suitable for underwater studies, two types of hydrophobic coating systems, silicone/silicone and silicone/silanized silicon wafer, were used. The work of adhesion (W A ) values obtained from loading measurements and under zero load were found to be slightly smaller than the values estimated using surface energies and contact angles of water formed on the surfaces of these coatings. One possible cause for the slightly smaller values could be contamination/alteration of the coating surface properties upon immersion in water. The results suggested that, with proper control of experimental conditions, the JKR technique cou...
Short note: Monitoring soil moisture and water table height with a low-cost data logger

Comprehensive temporal data sets are often needed in geosciences to understand and model environmental phenomena. Time series data sets in the geosciences have traditionally been captured by costly commercial sensors and data loggers ($100–1000s). Dedrick et al. (2000) presented a less costly ($10 s) and publicly available device known as the Hobart and William Smith Data Logger (HWSDL) (Halfman and McKinney, 2001). Parts list, plans, schematics, manuals, software and other essential items to build your own HWS Data Loggers are available on the Internet to educators and researchers. Two recent projects required adaptations of the HWS Data Logger technology to: (1) record soil moisture by incorporating a dielectric aquameter, and (2) record subsurface water levels by reworking the circuit board layout and instrument housing to fit the logger and a pressure transducer sensor into a 5 cm (2 in) diameter well. The HWSDL includes three independent components, a logger, a sensor and a reader. The original design utilized an 8-bit digital value and had a storage capacity of 4K. An upgraded version increased the data resolution to 12-bit values and memory capacity to 16K (McKinney and Halfman, 2002). This work
FTY720 (fingolimod) modulates the severity of viral-induced encephalomyelitis and demyelination.

Background FTY720 (fingolimod) is the first oral drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with the relapsing-remitting form of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefit of FTY720 occurs by preventing the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes thereby inhibiting the infiltration of disease-causing lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesized that FTY720 treatment would affect lymphocyte migration to the CNS and influence disease severity in a mouse model of viral-induced neurologic disease.
The use of coronary vasodilators in myocardial imaging with 43K.

As an alternative procedure to the exercise stress test used in myocardial scanning, vasoactive drugs were employed to elicit deficits in blood flow to myocardial regions supplied by stenotic arteries which maintain normal resting flow or collateral circulation. The data were collected from 35 dogs, some of which had partial stenosis (70–75%) on either major branch of the left coronary artery, and others which had Ameroid constrictor implants. The effects of lidoflazine, dipyridamole, and nitroglycerin on coronary hemodynamics and myocardial dispersion of potassium 43(43K) in animals with partial stenosis were evaluated in ten acute experiments. In the pilot studies, four rapid serial rectilinear control scans from 43K (750 μCi) were reported; dipyridamole (Persantin), lidoflazine, or nitroglycerin were then administered intravenously. When the selected drug reached a peak vasodilatative effect, a second equal bolus of 43K was given and four additional scans recorded. The last scan from the first set was subtracted from the corresponding regional count rates of all serial scans from the second set, and the resulting images were interpreted to be myocardial perfusion patterns induced by the drug intervention. The later studies were performed by giving only a single isotope injection after administering the drug.
Effect of dietary ω3 and ω6 fatty acids on growth and feed conversion efficiency of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Abstract Sixteen isocaloric diets varying only in the levels of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids were prepared. Each diet was fed to duplicate groups of coho salmon for 14 weeks. At termination, the final weight of each diet group fish was determined. The optimum level of dietary ω3 fatty acid ranged from 1% to 2.5%. Dietary ω6 fatty acid higher than 1% depressed fish growth. Fish growth, feed conversion efficiency, fish mortality and fatty acid composition of fish phospholipids were determined.
Validity of Rotter's interpersonal trust scale: a study of delinquent adolescents.

As a partial test of the validity of Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale, the instrument was utilized in an attempt to differentiate male and female delinquent groups from non-delinquent groups matc...
BUTTON-PRESSING FOR A TIME-OFF REWARD DURING SENSORY DEPRIVATION. III. EFFECTS OF VARIED TIME-OFF REWARDS.

Ss were given the opportunity to button-press for 3 different amounts of promised time-off reward during a 3-hr. sensory deprivation (S-D) session. The promised rewards were 1 min., 2 min., and 3 min. off the scheduled S-D session for every 200 button-presses. Ss produced significantly more button-presses for greater amounts of promised time-off reward.
Factor Validity of a Proactive and Reactive Aggression Rating Scale.

Aggressive behaviors can be classified into proactive and reactive functions, though there is disagreement about whether these are distinct constructs. Data suggest that proactive and reactive aggression have different etiologies, correlates, and response to treatment. Several rating scales are available to characterize aggressive behavior as proactive or reactive; one commonly used scale was originally developed for teacher ratings, referred to here as the Antisocial Behavior Scale (ABS). However, no data are available on the psychometric properties of the ABS for parent ratings. This study examined the factor structure and convergent/divergent validity of the parent-rated ABS among 168 children aged 6–12 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a disruptive behavior disorder, and severe aggression enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Multidimensional item response theory was used to confirm the original factor structure. The proactive and reactive factors were distinct but moderately correlated; the algorithm items exhibited acceptable fit on the original factors. The non-algorithm items caused theoretical problems and model misfit. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was explored between the ABS and other parent-report measures. Proactive and reactive aggression showed differential correlates consistent with expectations for externalizing symptoms. The subscales were correlated weakly or not at all with most non-externalizing symptoms, with some exceptions. Thus, the original factor structure was supported and we found preliminary evidence for the validity of the scale, though the results suggest that the constructs measured by the ABS may not be totally distinct from general behavior problems in this clinical sample.
Optimal return-to-launchsite abort trajectories for an HL-20 Personnel Launch System vehicle

The Personnel Launch System (PLS) being studied by NASA is a system to complement the Space Shuttle and provide alternative access to space. The PLS consists of a manned spacecraft launched by an expendable launch vehicle (ELV). A candidate for the manned spacecraft is the HL-20 lifting body. In the event of an ELV malfunction during the initial portion of the ascent trajectory, the HL-20 will separate from the rocket and perform an unpowered return-to-launchsite (RTLS) abort. This paper describes an investigation of the RTLS abort scenario using optimal control theory. The objective of the abort trajectory is to maximize final altitude at a point near the runway. The assumption is then made that there exists a control history to steer the vehicle to any final altitude lower than the final optimal altitude. With this selection of cost function, and with this assumption, the feasibility of an RTLS abort at different times along the ascent trajectory can be determined. The method of differential inclusions, which allows the determination of optimal states and eliminates the need for determining the optimal controls, is used to determine the optimal trajectories.
Transepithelial transport of ascorbic acid by the isolated intact ciliary epithelial bilayer of the rabbit eye.

The purpose of these experiments was to test whether the isolated intact epithelial bilayer derived from rabbit ciliary processes transports ascorbic acid and to what degree the transport rate in vitro corresponds to the in vivo process. The intact ciliary epithelial bilayer of the rabbit eye isolated by perfusion was mounted in a particularly constructed Ussing type chamber. Fluxes were measured by additions of 14C ascorbate to the hemichamber on either the pigmented epithelium (PE) or the nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) side where equal concentrations of ascorbate from .02 to 2.0 mM were present. Samples were taken at intervals thereafter and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. The experiments were done under short circuit conditions to avoid the possible influence of fluctuating currents upon the movement of ascorbate. Like the earlier iris ciliary body preparations, separation of ascorbate fluxes is also done by the isolated intact ciliary epithelial bilayer, and the transport of ascorbic acid proceeds by saturation kinetics. The uptake process is accomplished entirely by the pigmented epithelium (PE). The Km of the process is 0.97 mM, and Vmax was valued at 130 nM/L/hr. Thus, assuming an aqueous flow rate of 2 microliters/min, the transfer of ascorbic acid across the bilayer occurs at a rate required to maintain the ordinary millimolar concentration of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor found in vivo.
Structure of TiB precipitates in laser deposited in situ, Ti-6Al-4V–TiB composites

Abstract Ti-6Al-4V–TiB composites have been deposited in situ from powder feedstocks consisting of a blend of pre-alloyed Ti-6Al-4V and elemental boron using the laser engineered net-shaping (LENS™) process. The microstructure of the as-deposited composites has been characterized in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). A homogeneous refined dispersion of TiB precipitates is formed within the Ti-6Al-4V α/β matrix. These TiB precipitates exhibit the B27 orthorhombic structure that has been investigated in detail using HRTEM. A high density of faulting was found in most of the TiB precipitates and such faulting resulted in the formation of local layers exhibiting the B f structure within the B27 TiB precipitates. The structure of the α-Ti/TiB interface has also been investigated using HRTEM.
Writing Code to Prototype, Ideate, and Discover

People often write code to prototype, ideate, and discover. To do this, they work opportunistically, emphasizing speed and ease of development over code robustness and maintainability. Quickly hacking a program together can provide both practical and learning benefits for novices and experts: professional programmers and designers prototype to explore and communicate ideas, scientists program laboratory instruments, and entrepreneurs assemble complex spreadsheets to better understand their business. Their diverse activities share an emphasis on speed and ease of development over robustness and maintainability.
Nifedipine Kinetics and Bioavailability After Single Intravenous and Oral Doses in Normal Subjects

Nifedipine kinetics have not been described in clinically relevant detail because of difficulties in formulating a stable preparation for intravenous use and lack of a specific and sensitive assay for plasma nifedipine. We recently developed a gas-chromatographic method and determined conditions in which nifedipine could be protected from photodegradation. Therefore, we evaluated the kinetics and bioavailability of nifedipine in 12 normal subjects after single intravenous (1 mg/5 min) and oral (10 mg) doses. After intravenous dosing, the drug was eliminated with a half-time of 1.77 +/- 0.25 hour, and total clearance was calculated at 0.62 +/- 0.09 liter/kg/hr. With oral drug administration, the elimination half-time was twice as long for the group; but within these subjects, marked variability in the rate of appearance of the drug in plasma was observed, giving profiles consistent with fast and slow absorption. In the latter group, peak plasma drug concentrations were only one third the level seen in those exhibiting a faster absorption profile, although the extent of drug absorption (as derived from areas under the plasma level-time curves) did not vary. Bioavailability was 0.45 +/- 0.08. Untoward effects resulting from the drug's pharmaco-subjects after intravenous administration (flushing).
Review of the frontier workshop and Q-slope results

Abstract Over the last few years, significant progress has been made to produce field emission free niobium surfaces. Nowadays, the major limitation towards achieving the critical field in radio-frequency (rf) superconducting cavities made of bulk niobium of high purity is represented by the so-called “high field Q -slope” or “ Q -drop”. This phenomenon is characterized by a sharp decrease of the cavity quality factor, in absence of field emission, starting at a peak surface magnetic field of the order of 100 mT. It has been observed that these losses are usually reduced by a low-temperature “in situ” baking, typically at 100–120 °C for 24–48 h. Several models have been proposed to explain the high field Q -slope and many experiments have been conducted in different laboratories to validate such models. A three-day workshop was held in Argonne in September 2004 to present and discuss experimental and theoretical results on the present limitations of superconducting rf cavities. In this paper, we will focus on the high field Q -slope by reviewing the results presented at the workshop along with other experimental data. In order to explain the Q -drop and the baking effect we will discuss an improved version of the oxygen diffusion model.
Preparation of the mouth for complete dentures

Abstract The dentist is obligated to construct the best complete dentures possible. The dentures can be no better than their supporting foundation. Methods outlining tissue improvement programs for various conditions of the edentulous mouth have been described.
Transcorneal Flux of Topical Pilocarpine to the Human Aqueous

Aqueous fluid was withdrawn from eyes of patients undergoing cataract extraction at various intervals after administration of two drops of 2% pilocarpine HCl in a standard manner. Determination of aqueous pilocarpine concentration was made both by spectroscopy of a ferric hydroxylamine complex and by gas-liquid chromatography. Results of both methods were consistent in indicating that concentration does not rise at any time following such topical instillation beyond 5 microgram/ml, with an average of 1.67 microgram/ml, representing a flux efficiency of 0.03%. These findings correlate well with previous investigations of transcorneal flux of pilocarpine for the rabbit in a transport chamber system, in which comparable low flux efficiency was found after simulated drop administration. This serves in some measure to validate an extrapolation of other findings in chamber experiments to the living human eye.
Marketing the Fantasy Football League: Utilization of Simulation to Enhance Sport Marketing Concepts

The use of simulation offers marketing educators many instructional opportunities that would be unavailable to students without the use of simulation. The operation of a fantasy football league offers a simulation that encompasses many of the factors that occur in day-to-day marketing operations in the sport industry. Previous studies investigating the use of role-play and simulation activities have documented higher levels of student motivation and involvement compared with traditional lecture methods. Through simulation, the student becomes an active participant in problem-solving situations rather than a passive recipient of information. Simulations also help prepare students to gain job-related skills desired by future employers. To explore the use of simulation, this article will examine the development and the advantages and disadvantages of using a fantasy football league to enhance comprehension of sport marketing concepts.
Surface requirements of the mirror experimental program at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

Abstract The characteristics of the present Mirror Experiments (2XII and BBII) are compared in a table with the characteristics expected in future versions of these experiments which are designated BBII-T and 2XIIB. A list of publications is appended to supply a source for details concerning the associated surface problems.
Nucleolar RNA synthesis in heterokaryons derived from senescent and pre-senescent human fibroblasts.

Abstract Normal human fibroblasts, serially passaged in vitro, demonstrated decreasing synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Senescent and pre-senescent WI38 cells were fused with one another in order to study age-related factors affecting the production of nucleolar RNA. Autoradiograms revealed that the young nucleus of a dichronic heterokaryon (2 nuclei of different ages) had an impaired ability to produce nucleolar RNA, while the young nucleus of a monochrome heterokaryon (2 nuclei of the same age) was not affected. Old nuclei of dichronic heterokaryons, and old monochronic heterokaryons displayed the same nucleolar RNA synthesis rate as did their single, unfused counterparts.
Plasma ionic calcium regulation by anuran parathyroid glands

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma ionic calcium ([Ca]i), directly measured by a calcium specific electrode, was measured in 7-day post-operative parathyroidectomized (PTX) frogs ( Rana pipiens ) over complete 24 hr light-dark (L-D) cycles during February, June and October. 2. 2. [Ca]i in PTX frogs was depressed about 20% from control levels at each monthly interval, with a maximal depression of plasma total calcium ([Ca]t) in October, and a minimal depression of [Ca]t in June. 3. 3. Over 24 hr L-D cycles [Ca]i is depressed in PTX frogs during the nocturnal period in February with short light periods; but maximally depressed during the light period in June/October with equivalent or long light periods. 4. 4. Hypocalcemia of [Ca]i in PTX frogs is concomitant with a decline in nonprotein-bound calcium in October and February; while protein-bound calcium will increase in February and June. 5. 5. Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) decreased from 10.8 ± 7.2, in controls, to 4.8 ± 3.9 ng/ml, in PTX frogs, in October and February with no difference observed in June.
Use of the American College of Radiology BI-RADS to report on the mammographic evaluation of women with signs and symptoms of breast disease.

PURPOSE: To examine whether mammographic assessments and recommendations are linked as expected, based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), for the evaluation of women with signs and symptoms of breast disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight mammography registries from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium contributed mammographic data from 1996 through 1997 for women 25 years of age or older, with signs or symptoms of breast cancer. The association of assessments and recommendations and the relationship of self-reported symptoms to assessments are described. RESULTS: A total of 51,673 diagnostic mammograms were included in the analyses and the expected management recommendation was provided 85%–90% of the time for mammograms classified as assessment categories 1, 2, 4, or 5. Category 3 (“probably benign finding”) had the most variability in associated management recommendations, with only 40% (2,998 of 7,423) of cases associated with the recommendation for short interval follow-up...
Protein O-GlcNAcylation: Potential Mechanisms for the Regulation of Protein Function

Protein O-GlcNAcylation is the process whereby single N-acetylglucosamine residues are glycosidically linked to the hydroxyl side chains of specific serine and threonine residues. O-GlcNAc was originally identified while probing the surfaces of lymphocytes using UDP-[3H] galactose and highly purified galactosyltransferase (1). O-GlcNAc was not a substrate for galactosyltransferase unless the cell membrane was first disrupted with detergents indicating that it is an intracellular glycosylation. Subcellular fractionation further demonstrated that O-GlcNAc is found exclusively on nuclear and cytosolic proteins (2,3). Galactosyltransferase labeling of mouse liver nuclei with subsequent analysis by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography indicates that a large number of nuclear proteins are modified with O-GlcNAc residues and suggests that O-GlcNAc is as abundant as phosphorylation (4).
Multiple renal arteries and non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography in transplant renal artery stenosis.

The reported incidence of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS), as high as 23% in earlier decades [1], ranges between 1.2 and 3.9% in more recent reports [2–5]. TRAS is a frequent cause of refractory hypertension and allograft dysfunction [5], but it is often treatable with percutaneous angioplasty. Therefore, its early recognition is critical. We describe the incidence of TRAS in our center over a 10-year period and report a case of TRAS to illustrate the complexity of the diagnosis in patients with slowly recovering graft function, multiple renal arteries and high immunologic risk for rejection. We highlight the utility of a novel non-contrast renal magnetic resonance angiography.
‘This Most Dangerous Instrument Propriety, Power, and the Vaginal Speculum

The vaginal speculum is an instrument in a contested technology. As the oldest instrument in the technology of obstetric surveillance and diagnosis, the vaginal speculum provoked serious debates about the propriety and power of looking at women's bodies. Contemporary devices, such as the ultrasound machine and the electronic fetal monitor, continue to engender debates about looking. Nurses are key participants in technologically mediated spectatorship, as nursing practice with women increasingly comprises looking at and through them with instruments.
Air-backed Al/ZnO/Al film bulk acoustic resonator without any support layer

An air-backed, Al/ZnO/Al film-bulk-acoustic resonator (FBAR) which is free-standing has been fabricated. Unlike a conventional FBAR structure, the newly fabricated resonator does not employ any supporting layer below or above it, but the whole resonator body (consisting of a ZnO piezoelectric layer sandwiched by two aluminum layers) suspends by itself in the air. Its electromechanical coupling constant (k/sub t//sup 2/) is twice larger than that of a similarly made FBAR with 0.9 /spl mu/m thick silicon-nitride support layer. Moreover, its quality factors at series resonant frequency and parallel resonant frequency around 1.5 GHz have been measured to be 1,322 and 513 (six times and three times larger than those in the conventional FBAR with 0.9 /spl mu/m thick Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ diaphragm, respectively). This newly fabricated resonator will be excellent for wide bandwidth filters because of its large electromechanical coupling constant and high quality factor (and thus high figure of merit). The free-standing air-backed FBAR is sturdy enough to survive from a shock test of being dropped on to a desk from one meter height. A layer of 0.5 /spl mu/m thick parylene deposited and patterned over the Al bridge is proven to enhance the sturdiness of the structure greatly.
Performance and reliability of airgaps for advanced BEOL Interconnects

In this paper we present new modeling and measured data to address detailed performance and reliability considerations of multi-level airgaps. Using finite element modeling, we analyzed the capacitance distributions in the airgaps while restricting openings in the cap layers for increased mechanical and electrical reliability. Despite this restriction, capacitance reductions can be maximized by expanding the gap in the low-k SiCOH dielectric underneath the cap, and by increasing gap depth. Relevant BEOL simulation, performance and reliability data has been obtained and will be presented in this context
Thin-film removal using ultrashort laser pulses

Summary form only given. The use of lasers for surface cleaning and thin film removal has emerged as a promising technology that meets the above requirements. During the last several years this technique has been rapidly moving into commercial applications. Most of these applications, however, require removing coatings that are not strongly adherent to the surface. In the case of oxide films, the major obstacle is controlling significant damage to the underlying surface. For our initial experiments we used commercial Nd:YAG laser system (Q-switched, pulse duration 7 ns) to remove a thermally grown SiO/sub 2/ coating from the surface of a Si wafer.
Desperate Deeds, Desperate Men: Gender, Race, and Rape in Silent Feature Films, 1915–1927

Many of the top-grossing feature films spanning from 1915–1927 utilized rape as a device for defining manhood and thereby establishing power relationships. The images of rape in these silent films idealized the power of respectable white men over the men and women of other classes and races and subordinated the women from their own social station. These movies constructed white men as heroes and guardians of morality and civilization, white women as frail but morally superior figures, and African-American and immigrant men and women as uncontrollable sexual deviants who threatened civilization. These films reflected the fears of the white middle class that massive immigration, waves of black migration to the North, and the increasingly public role of women were irrevocably changing American society and threatening the power of the traditional dominant group in the United States: white middle- and upper-class men.
Enhanced effectiveness of medium-pressure ultraviolet lamps on human adenovirus 2 and its possible mechanism

There has been growing concern over human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water due to their apparent high resistance to UV irradiation and the anticipated widespread use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in drinking water treatment processes. However, most inactivation studies on adenoviruses were performed using only one type of UV technology—low-pressure (LP) UV, and little is known about the effectiveness of different UV technologies such as medium- pressure (MP) UV or other polychromatic UV technologies. In this work, the kinetics and extent of inactivation of a human adenovirus (adenovirus 2 (Ad2)) by both monochromatic LP and polychromatic MP UV were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these UV technologies on human adenoviruses. Inactivation of Ad2 by LP UV was very slow and only 0.87 and 2.17 log10 inactivation was achieved with UV doses of 30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively. However, inactivation of Ad2 by MP UV was much faster and 2.19 and 5.36 log10 inactivation was observed with the same UV doses (30 and 90 mJ/cm2, respectively). It appears that MP UV is more effective against Ad2 than LP UV and the enhanced effectiveness of MP UV on Ad2 is likely due to its ability to inhibit the repair process in UV-irradiated Ad2.
Natural Attenuation Mechanisms of Landfill Leachate and Effects of Various Factors On the Mechanisms

The paper identifies mechanisms by which landfill leachate is attenuated by soil and aquifer. The mechanisms are: adsorption, biological action, cation and anion exchange reactions, dilution, filtration, and precipitation reactions. Each mechanism is discussed separately. The major attenuation mechanism is identified for many municipal landfill leachate constituents. Effects of leachate velocity, degree of saturation, organic and inorganic matter in soil, clay type, soil fabric and soil stratigraphy on attenuation is discussed.
The pion single charge exchange reaction

Abstract We report on the pion single charge exchange program at LAMPF. The LAMPF π° spectrometer is described and its successful performance in this first data run is discussed. Results on the excitation of the isobaric analog state (IAS) in pion single charge exchange at forward angles are presented. The IAS was observed for nuclei throughout the periodic table. The mass and energy dependence of the forward angle differential cross section is discussed. An angular distribution for the reaction 3 He( π − , π °) 3 H at angles from 0° to 84° at a bombarding energy of 200 MeV is presented. The data indicate a substantial contribution from the spin-flip amplitude. An angular distribution for the 13 c ( π + , π °) 13 N (IAS) reaction for angles from 0° to 45° at a bombarding energy of 150 MeV is presented. The partial angle integrated cross section ( θ
Recent results from the Nova program at LLNL

Recent improvements to the Nova laser and target experiments addressing laser–plasma interaction physics, hydrodynamic stability, implosion physics, and X-ray laser physics are summarized. Highlights include demonstrated laser performance exceeding Nova's original design goals, the observation of improved target compressions with temporally shaped laser pulses, and demonstrated lasing at wavelengths shorter than 45 A.
The effects of vitamin A on insulin release and glucose oxidation in isolated rat islets.

We tested the effects of vitamin A, a membrane surface-active agent, on glucose (16.7 mM)- induced biphasic insulin release from collagenase-isolated rat islets. Also, efforts were made to correlate the effects of vitamin A with glucose oxidation. Vitamin A (10-4 M) inhibited first- and second phase insulin release; 10-5 M vitamin A inhibited second phase release only and to a lesser extent than that observed with 10-4 M vitamin A; and 10-6 M vitamin A had no effect. Vitamin A (10-7 M) stimulated biphasic insulin release. Exposure to high glucose (27.8 mM) overcame the effects of 10-4 M vitamin A on first phase release, but not on second phase release of insulin. Exposure to 10-5 M hydrocortisone opposed the effects of 10-4 M vitamin A on both phases of insulin release. Vitamin A (10-4 and 10M-5 M) inhibited glucose oxidation by islets, as measured by the production of 14CO2 from [14C]glucose. The effects of vitamin A on insulin release were dissociated in part from those effects on glucose oxidation, in ...
Standardized method for recording blood pressure in anaesthetized Macaca fascicularis

Blood pressures obtained from anaesthetized non-human primates by this indirect, noninvasive method correlate well with direct blood pressure measurements on anaesthetized animals (systolic R = 0·959, diastolic R = 0·946) and on conscious subjects (R = 0·84). Between- and within-animal variances of indirectly-obtained blood pressure recordings in anaesthetized animals were relatively small. The systolic blood pressure standard deviation was 11·566 among animals and 2·233 within animals, diastolic 7·618 and 0·475 respectively.
Precepting a Student? Here are the Job Descriptions

Often a community health nurse is asked to precept a nursing student. Having a student accompany a nurse into patients' homes and clinics provides valuable learning experiences for the student. In ...
New American College of Cardiology Population Health Agenda to Focus on Primary Prevention.

![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] Although technological and educational advances over the last few decades have resulted in significant reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States, the burden of cardiovascular disease is actually predicted to increase 57% worldwide
The Selectively Expansive UN Security Council: Domestic Threats to International Peace and Security

International law recognized the concept of a 'threat to international peace and security' but not the analogous 'threat to domestic peace and security.' In response to mass killing in Syria since 2011 and elsewhere, many observers have been appalled at the failure of the UN Security Council to take meaningful action. To many, it recalls the failure to help the victims of genocide in Rwanda in 1994, and contrasts badly with the successful effort against Qaddafi in Libya in 2011. Setting aside the question of whether international military action is the right solution to the problem, the Syrian situation recalls the distinction between domestic and international matters in the UN Charter. This paper considers whether Security Council practice is producing a legal doctrine of intervention in response to 'threats to domestic peace and security.'
Cultured epidermal and dermal skin replacements

The development of centralized burn centers in most geographic areas has played an important role in improving patient survival following extensive burn injuries. Through advances in the treatment of shock, nutritional support, ventilatory support and many other aspects of critical care we have developed great expertise in treating burn injuries, and survival of extensively burned patients has markedly improved in the past several decades. However, technologies are now needed to improve functional and cosmetic outcomes following severe burns. In large part, future improvements will depend upon advances in our ability to control and accelerate various aspects of wound coverage and wound healing.
Combining galiximab with the chemotherapeutic agents fludarabine or doxorubicin improves efficacy in animal models of lymphoma

3040 Background: Galiximab, a primatized monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to CD80 and mediates antibody- dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro, is currently under investig...
A New Approach to ANOVA Methods for Autocorrelated Data

This article reexamines ANOVA problems for autocorrelated data. Using linear prediction techniques for stationary time series, a new test statistic that assesses a null hypothesis of equal means is proposed and investigated. Our test statistic mimics the classical F-type ratio form used with independent data, but substitutes estimated prediction residuals in for the errors. This simple tactic departs from past studies that adjust the quadratic forms in the numerator and denominator in the F ratio for autocorrelation. One of the advantages is that our statistic retains the classical null hypothesis F distribution (now as a limit) with the customary degrees of freedom. The statistic is shown to perform well in simulations. Asymptotic proofs are given in the case of autoregressive random errors; a sports application is supplied.[Received December 2014. Revised August 2015.]
Evidence for the presence of growth hormone-releasing factor in blood of hyperglycemic, hypophysectomized rats.

SummaryThe IP or IV injection of 3 ml of plasma from hypoglycemic, hypophysecto-mized rats produced a lowering in hypophyse-al growth hormone (GH) on estimation 30 minutes later by the tibial epiphyseal cartilage test for GH. Plasma from untreated or hypoglycemic, intact rats and from untreated hypophysectomized rats was ineffective. No activity was found in plasma from hypogly-cemic, hypophysectomized rats with hypotha-lamic lesions in the ventral pre-mammillary area. The results are interpreted to mean that hypoglycemia results in the appearance of a circulating GH-releasing factor in the blood of hypophysectomized rats.
The Philosophy of Nosology

Many scholars believe that psychiatric nosology is undergoing a crisis of confidence. Some of the issues up for debate hark back to the introduction of the natural history approach to classification in the seventeenth century. Natural histories map sameness and difference rather than speculate about causes. In contrast, the natural classification approach aspires to carve nature at the joints by demarcating classifications by causes. Natural classifications are more ideal scientifically, but speculation about causality has had a poor track record in psychiatric nosology. A natural classification of psychiatric disorders may have the added burden of requiring normative assumptions in addition to the discovery of fact. In the natural classification tradition, the epistemic iteration perspective, the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, and dimensional models offer different views about the criteria of naturalness (or validity). Also in this tradition, some thinkers believe that causes can be empirically indexed by latent variable models, especially if the latent variables are moderately heritable, but these assumptions may be neither statistically nor genetically warranted.