cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drag of a flexible fiber in a 2D moving viscous fluid

This paper reports the numerical study of the drag of a flexible elastic fiber immersed in a two-dimensional viscous flow using the immersed boundary (IB) method. We found drag reduction of a flexible fiber compared to a stiff one and the drag coefficient decreases with respect to the dimensionless fiber length within a certain range. The results are a starting point for the understanding of the role of flexibility in biological organisms in fluid flows.
Decerebrate rigidity in humans.

Decerebrate rigidity (DR) in humans results from a midbrain lesion and is manifested by an exaggerated extensor posture of all extremities. It is characterized by shortening and lengthening reactions and can be modified by tonic neck, labyrinthine (Magnus-de Kleijn), and phasic spinal reflexes. Thes
Wave Function for the Free Electron. I. The Coulomb Potential

The wave function for a free electron in the presence of an atom is considered for the case of the Coulomb potential, a potential which ignores both the effects of electron exchange and core polarization. A sample calculation involving the neutral oxygen atom is carried through. From the single-determinant wave function for the $^{3}P$ ground state of this atom the Coulomb potential is developed, and the important parts of the potential for the $s$- and $d$-wave portions of the free-electron wave function are considered. The relevant Schr\"odinger equations are solved by means of an IBM 704 program which is written so as to be readily adaptable to electrons in the presence of other atoms or ions having electrons through $2p$. In our oxygen example the wave function calculations were carried out for values of the free-electron linear momentum ranging from 0.01 through 0.80 atomic unit.
Enrico Scrovegni, the Cavalieri Gaudenti, and the Arena Chapel in Padua

The Cappella Scrovegni, or Arena Chapel, in Padua was consecrated on the Feast of the Annunciation, May 25, 1305. It is well known that Giotto executed the paintings in the nave, and that the chapel's patron was Enrico Scrovegni, said to be the richest man in Padua, and son of the famous usurer, Reginaldo Scrovegni.1 But, in fact, there is evidence that there was a second patron, the military-religious Order commonly called the Cavalieri Gaudenti. The Order's relation to Enrico and its own special character should be investigated in the light of their possible importance for Giotto's paintings.
Frameshift Mutagenesis: The Roles of Primer-Template Misalignment and the Nonhomologous End-Joining Pathway in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Small insertions or deletions that alter the reading frame of a gene typically occur in simple repeats such as mononucleotide runs and are thought to reflect spontaneous primer–template misalignment during DNA replication. The resulting extrahelical repeat is efficiently recognized by the mismatch repair machinery, which specifically replaces the newly replicated strand to restore the original sequence. Frameshift mutagenesis is most easily studied using reversion assays, and previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggested that the length threshold for polymerase slippage in mononucleotide runs is 4N. Because the probability of slippage is strongly correlated with run length, however, it was not clear whether shorter runs were unable to support slippage or whether the resulting frameshifts were obscured by the presence of longer runs. To address this issue, we removed all mononucleotide runs >3N from the yeast lys2ΔBgl and lys2ΔA746 frameshift reversion assays, which detect net 1-bp deletions and insertions, respectively. Analyses demonstrate that 2N and 3N runs can support primer–template misalignment, but there is striking run-specific variation in the frequency of slippage, in the accumulation of +1 vs. −1 frameshifts and in the apparent efficiency of mismatch repair. We suggest that some of this variation reflects the role of flanking sequence in initiating primer–template misalignment and that some reflects replication-independent frameshifts generated by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that nonhomologous end joining is uniquely required for the de novo creation of tandem duplications from noniterated sequence.
A SIMPLE SELECTION ALGORITHM FOR RECONFIGURABLE MESHES

One of the fundamental algorithmic problems in computer science involves selecting the κth smallest element in a collection A of n elements. We propose a simple selection algorithm running in O(log2 n) time on a reconfigurable mesh of size √n × -√n.
“Bioengineering the lung: molecules, materials, matrix, morphology, and mechanics”

chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular disease cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide ([1][1]). With no cures, clinical management of these diseases relies on multimodal drug therapies, rehabilitation, and, for end-stage cases, lung
The effects of neonatal androgenization of female hamsters on adult preference for female hamster vaginal discharge

Abstract The effects of neonatal exposure of hamsters to androgen on the development of an adult preference for female hamster vaginal discharge (FHVD) were investigated. Three groups treated on Days 2–3 postpartum (females administered testosterone propionate (TP) in a peanut oil base, females administered oil alone, and males administered oil alone) were combined factorially with four sequential adult conditions (intact, post-gonadectomy, post-gonadectomy plus TP therapy, and post-gonadectomy) to produce twelve experimental conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that neonatal oil females did not show a significant FHVD preference in any adult condition. Neonatal TP females displayed a significant FHVD preference only in the post-gonadectomy plus TP condition. Males retained a significant FHVD preference in all the adult conditions, although the preference shown in the two adult hormonal conditions (intact and post-gonadectomy plus TP) was significantly higher than the preference shown in the two nonhormonal conditions.
Prevention of catheter-associated bacterieuria: Clinical trial of methods to block three known pathways of infection

The simultaneous use of methods to block all three known pathways of bacterial entry into the bladders of catheterized patients has been suggested because of the limited effectiveness of individual methods that block single pathways. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the prevention of bacteriuria in patients, using a three-way system that included a hydrophilic polymer-coated and preconnected sealed catheter system, daily catheter care, and disinfection of the outflow tube of the drainage bag with povidone-iodine (i.e., methods to block bacterial entry at the urethral insertion site, at the catheter drainage tube junction, and at the outflow tube). Among treated patients, 14 (4.7%) of 300 acquired bacteriuria as compared with 15 (4.9%) of 306 who did not receive the protocol treatments. Only 3 of 29 episodes of bacteriuria occurred in patients whose meatal cultures did not contain gram-negative bacilli or enterococci; thus migration of bacteria in the periurethral mucous sheath appeared to be the most common pathway by which bacteria gained entry into the bladder in this study. Catheter care and disinfection of the drainage bag outflow tube as used in this study remain unproven methods of preventing catheter-associated bacteriuria. Preconnected catheters with junction seals were used in both treated and untreated patients and, on the basis of previous studies, appear to be effective in reducing junction disconnections and bacteriuria. Therefore we conclude that the use of several simultaneous measures to prevent catheter-associated urinary infections is no more effective than the use of preconnected catheters with junction seals alone and is clearly more expensive.
Effects of chronic nicotine treatment on the expression of phospholipase C isozymes and the α subunit of Gq/11 protein in the rat brain

Abstract The effect of chronic nicotine treatment on postreceptor sites of the phosphoinositide (PI) signaling system (i.e. phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes, G q/11 protein) in the rat cortex was investigated. The expression of PLC isozymes ( β 1 , γ 1 , and δ 1 ) and the α subunit of G q/11 protein in the cortices of rats treated with saline or nicotine was determined by the Western blot technique using specific monoclonal antibodies. It was observed that chronic nicotine treatment (10 days) significantly increased the immunolabeling of the total PLC- β 1 , which was due to an increase in the immunolabeling of both the membranal and the cytosolic PLC- β 1 isozyme in the ra cortex. On the other hand, the immunolabeling of total, membranal, and cytosolic PLC- δ 1 and - γ 1 isozymes in the rat cortex was not significantly altered by chronic nicotine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis also demonstrated that chronic nicotine treatment has no significant effect on the immunolabeling of the a subunit of G q/11 protein in the rat cortex. Thus, these findings suggest that an increase in the expression of the PLC- β 1 isozyme may be involved in the neuroadaptational mechanisms associated with tobacco addiction.
Spatial distribution patterns of Crustacea in the floodplain aquifer of an alluvial river

Interstitial crustaceans were collected from a grid of shallow sampling wells penetrating the alluvial floodplain aquifer (ca. 10 m × 5 km × 10 km) of the Flathead River, Montana, USA. Eighteen taxa were identified, which collectively encompassed a range of hypogean-epigean affinities. The subterranean amphipod Stygobromus spp., the most common crustacean, occurred in all wells but was rare in the channel well. When well data were pooled into ‘habitat types’ (channel, bank, near-, central-, and far-floodplain), distinct faunal patterns were apparent. Crustaceans constituted an increasing percentage of the total interstitial fauna from the channel to the near-floodplain, then maintained similar relative abundance levels with increasing distance from the river. Stygobionts attained maximum values at near- and central-floodplain habitats where copepods and ostracods dropped to the lowest levels. Distribution and abundance patterns of Crustacea at the floodplain scale are structured by hydrogeologic and geomorphic processes reflected only in part by distance from the river channel. The flood plain appears to contain a latticework of alluvial-filled paleochannels of high hydraulic conductivity that induce spatial discontinuities within the aquifer and that may play an important role in determining crustacean distribution patterns.
Suppression of Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Dysfunction by IGF-1

Background Radiation is a primary or secondary therapeutic modality for treatment of head and neck cancer. A common side effect of irradiation to the neck and neck region is xerostomia caused by salivary gland dysfunction. Approximately 40,000 new cases of xerostomia result from radiation treatment in the United States each year. The ensuing salivary gland hypofunction results in significant morbidity and diminishes the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies as well as the quality of life for these patients. Previous studies in a rat model have shown no correlation between induction of apoptosis in the salivary gland and either the immediate or chronic decrease in salivary function following γ-radiation treatment. Methodology/Principal Finding A significant level of apoptosis can be detected in the salivary glands of FVB mice following γ-radiation treatment of the head and neck and this apoptosis is suppressed in transgenic mice expressing an activated mutant of Akt (myr-Akt1). Importantly, this suppression of apoptosis in myr-Akt1 mice preserves salivary function, as measured by saliva output, three and thirty days after γ-radiation treatment. In order to translate these studies into a preclinal model we found that intravenous injection of IGF1 stimulated activation of endogenous Akt in the salivary glands in vivo. A single injection of IGF1 prior to exposure to γ-radiation diminishes salivary acinar cell apoptosis and completely preserves salivary gland function three and thirty days following irradiation. Conclusions/Significance These studies suggest that apoptosis of salivary acinar cells underlies salivary gland hypofunction occurring secondary to radiation of the head and neck region. Targeted delivery of IGF1 to the salivary gland of patients receiving head and neck irradiation may be useful in reducing or eliminating xerostomia and restoring quality of life to these patients.
A linkage of the pKa's of asp-85 and glu-204 forms part of the reprotonation switch of bacteriorhodopsin.

Because asp-85 is the acceptor of the retinal Schiff base proton during light-driven proton transport by bacteriorhodopsin, modulation of its pKa in the photocycle is to be expected. The complex titration of asp-85 in the unphotolyzed protein was suggested [Balashov, S. P., Govindjee, R., Imasheva, E. S., Misra, S., Ebrey, T. G., Feng, Y., Crouch, R. K., & Menick, D. R (1995) Biochemistry 34, 8820−8834] to reflect the dependence of this residue on the protonation state of another, unidentified group. From the pH dependencies of the rate constant for the thermal equilibration of retinal isomeric states (dark adaptation) and the deprotonation kinetics of the Schiff base during the photocycle in the E204Q and E204D mutants, we identify the residue as glu-204. The nature of its interaction with asp-85 is that at neutral pH either residue can be anionic but not both. This is consistent with our recent finding that glu-204 is the origin of the proton released to the extracellular surface upon protonation of asp...
Diazocinones: synthesis and conformational analysis.

1,2,4,5-Tetrazines (prepared from aryl nitriles) condense with isoxazolylcyclobutanones (prepared from 3-benzenesulfonyl-3-vinylcyclobutanol) in methanolic KOH to give conformationally restricted 6-isoxazol-5-yl-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,2]diazocin-4-ones. The solution 1H NMR spectra of dihydrodiazocinone 1a with phenyl moieties at C3 and C8 reveal two conformations of the eight-membered heterocycle that are non-interconverting on the NMR time scale at ambient temperature. The kinetics of the conversion process, followed by 1H NMR between 21 and 70 °C in DMSO solution, yield an activation energy of ∼21 kcal/mol relative to the kinetic conformer and show an equilibrated ratio of ∼5:1 of the thermodynamic to the kinetic conformers. The electronic structure calculations on a model dihydrodiazocinone predict geometries for the two conformations. One of these geometries agrees with the X-ray crystallographic analysis of the thermodynamic conformation of 1a.
Absorption and Exciton Emission by an Aggregated Cyanine Dye Occluded within Mesoporous SBA-15

We report the formation of monomeric and J-aggregated 1,1‘-diethyl-3,3‘-di(4-sulfobutyl)-5,5‘,6,6‘-tetrachlorobenzimidazolocarbocyanine (referred to as TDBC) encapsulated within a silicate mesostructure, specifically SBA-15, under different pH conditions. To facilitate incorporation of TDBC, it was necessary to functionalize the interface of the synthesized SBA-15 for proper guest−host electrostatic interaction between the anionic dye and the inner core surface charge, through use of a silylation reagent, (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, which at high pH values results in formation of −NH3+ surface species. XRD, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence measurements are used as spectroscopic tools to characterize SBA-15 host samples as well as composites consisting of the host and encapsulated molecules. J-aggregated TDBC occluded within SBA-15 represents a robust, new superradiant fluorescent nanomaterial.
The role of malignancy in the mortality of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Background Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) / Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, severe, and occasionally fatal skin reaction caused mainly by medications. The reported mortality associated with TEN varies from 10-70%. SCORTEN, a severity-of-illness score which estimates the mortality in TEN has been developed and validated. Malignancy was considered as 1 of the 7 independent prognostic factors of SCORTEN. However, the studies focused on the associated factors of malignancy in the mortality of SJS/TEN were limited. In this study, we tried to analyze the true role of malignancy in the mortality of SJS/TEN. Method
Coordination polymer gels: synthesis, structure and mechanical properties of amorphous coordination polymers

The synthesis and mechanical properties of a new class of coordination polymer based materials, amorphous coordination polymer sol-gels and xerogels, is presented.
Input Attenuation Functions Improve Servomechanism Performance

The advent of numerically controlled point-to-point industrial equipment has provided a suitable set of conditions for input attenuation functions to improve the performance of linear servomechanisms. The replacement of a random input by a programmed sequence of events allows the output to have essentially dead beat transient response. The elimination of overshoot and a substantial reduction of settling time, allows a numerical instruction to be completed in less time than normally required. The additional control circuitry is simple, inexpensive, and should not impair the reliability.
System for calibrating the energy-dependent response of an elliptical Bragg-crystal spectrometera)

A multipurpose spectrometer (MSPEC) with elliptical crystals is in routine use to obtain x-ray spectra from laser produced plasmas in the energy range 1.0–9.0 keV. Knowledge of the energy-dependent response of the spectrometer is required for an accurate comparison of the intensities of x-ray lines of different energy. The energy-dependent response of the MSPEC has now been derived from the spectrometer geometry and calibration information on the response of its components, including two different types of detectors. Measurements of the spectrometer response with a laboratory x-ray source are used to test the calculated response and provide information on crystal reflectivity and uniformity.
INVITED EDITORIAL COMMENT: Auditor Independence? Time to Eliminate the Question Mark

1. Ralph S. Polimeni 1. is a professor of accounting and holds the Chaykin Endowed Chair in Accounting at the Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University in Hempstead, NY. 2. Jacqueline A. Burke 1. is an associate professor of accounting at the Frank G. Zarb School of Business
Japanese spectator sport industry: Cultural changes creating new opportunities

Within the past five years, market potential and related business opportunities have grown tremendously within the Japanese spectator sport industry. The total market size for the industry is $50.8 million, but three key changes will encourage further development. These changes are the signing of free agent left handed pitcher Kimiyasu Kudo by the Yomiuri Giants, the impending launch of the BS‐4 satellite, and the co‐hosting, with Korea, of the 2002 World Cup. These changes are already creating new business opportunities. The growing acceptance of the role of agents in representing the interests of professional athletes will produce opportunities in contract negotiations, financial advice, and marketing support. The launch of BS‐4 will be the beginning of audience fragmentation in Japan. BS‐4 will provide the necessary channel capacity for the purchase of more sport broadcasting rights, allowing Japanese consumers to closely follow their sport heroes. Lastly, while the two largest advertising agencies in ...
Improving aviation safety with information visualization: a flight simulation study

Many aircraft accidents each year are caused by encounters with invisible airflow hazards. Recent advances in aviation sensor technology offer the potential for aircraft-based sensors that can gather large amounts of airflow velocity data in real-time. With this influx of data comes the need to study how best to present it to the pilot - a cognitively overloaded user focused on a primary task other than that of information visualization.We focus on one particular aviation application, but the results may be relevant to user interfaces in other operationally stressful environments.
Controlled Burn The Gendering of Stress and Burnout in Modern Policing

Despite the interest in the interplay between subcultural attitudes, organizational structure, and high stress events, most research on police stress fails to address a fundamental concern—that of ...
Array Analysis and Synthesis

First published in 1981, Robert S. Elliott's Antenna Theory and Design is one of the most significant works in electromagnetic theory and applications. In its broad-ranging, analytic treatment, replete with supporting experimental evidence, Antenna Theory and Design conveys fundamental methods of analysis that can be used to predict the electromagnetic behavior of nearly everything that radiates. After more than two decades, it remains a key resource for students, professors, researchers, and engineers who require a comprehensive, in-depth treatment of the subject. In response to requests from many of our members, IEEE is now reissuing this classic. Newly revised, it once again will be an invaluable textbook and an enduring reference for practicing engineers. The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory offers outstanding coverage of the field. It consists of new titles of contemporary interest as well as reissues and revisions of recognized classics by established authors and researchers. The series emphasizes works of long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and applications. Designed specifically for graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers, the series provides affordable volumes that explore and explain electromagnetic waves beyond the undergraduate level.
Affordable Care Act Reforms Could Reduce The Number Of Underinsured US Adults By 70 Percent

To provide a baseline and assess the potential of changes brought about under the Affordable Care Act, this study estimates the number of US adults who were underinsured or uninsured in 2010. Using indicators of medical cost exposure relative to income, we find that 44 percent (81 million) of adults ages 19–64 were either uninsured or underinsured in 2010—up from 75 million in 2007 and 61 million in 2003. Adults with incomes below 250 percent of the federal poverty level account for sizable majorities of those at risk of becoming uninsured or underinsured. If reforms succeed in increasing the affordability of care for people in this income range, we could expect a 70 percent drop in the number of underinsured people and a steep drop in the number of uninsured people.
Granulomatous Conjunctivitis Secondary to Treponema pallidum

Abstract A 41-year-old black man presented with bilateral iritis, conjunctivitis, and pulmonary and dermatologic manifestations, which were initially thought to be secondary to sarcoidosis. The patient's serology was markedly positive and the definitive diagnosis of secondary syphilis was established by the identification of spirochetes consistent with Treponema pallidum in a conjunctival biopsy.
Translational biology: from Arabidopsis flowers to grass inflorescence architecture.

One of the key events in plant development is the initiation of lateral organs from the flanks of the meristem. In grasses, the inflorescence meristem (IM) reiteratively initiates a series of lateral meristems with slightly different fates. Our understanding of the genes and networks that regulate
Improved data rate robustness of U.S. MIL-STD-188-110C appendix D wideband HF waveforms

The recently completed US MIL-STD-188-110C Appendix D specifies a new family of Wideband HF Waveforms. These new waveforms occupy bandwidths from 3 kHz to 24 kHz in increments of 3 KHz and provide user data rates between 75 bps and 120,000 bps. This enhancement to the standard addresses the need for higher capacity and throughput in today's HF communication systems needed to support IP based data and applications such as video and detailed situational awareness. An added benefit of this new family of waveforms is that different bandwidths can be used to make tradeoffs in robustness, latency and performance. For example, given a particular data rate, it may be possible to select a wider bandwidth waveform that can provide the same throughput but requiring less SNR and/or latency while at the same time providing more robustness to multipath and fading. This paper presents an overview of the new wideband HF data waveforms and investigates this additional dimension now available to HF communication systems. (5 pages)
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with food animals: a United States perspective of livestock production.

The use of antimicrobial compounds in food animal production provides demonstrated benefits, including improved animal health, higher production and, in some cases, reduction in foodborne pathogens. However, use of antibiotics for agricultural purposes, particularly for growth enhancement, has come under much scrutiny, as it has been shown to contribute to the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of human significance. The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and selection for resistant bacteria can occur through a variety of mechanisms, which may not always be linked to specific antibiotic use. Prevalence data may provide some perspective on occurrence and changes in resistance over time; however, the reasons are diverse and complex. Much consideration has been given this issue on both domestic and international fronts, and various countries have enacted or are considering tighter restrictions or bans on some types of antibiotic use in food animal production. In some cases, banning th...
Asthma Treatment Decisions by Pediatric Residents Do Not Consistently Conform to Guidelines or Improve With Level of Training

Abstract Objective To compare asthma treatment decisions by pediatric residents to current asthma guidelines and to learn whether treatment decisions vary by postgraduate year in training. Methods We conducted a Web-based survey of residents from 10 training programs through the Continuity Research Network of the Academic Pediatric Association (CORNET). Surveys included 6 vignettes of patients receiving low-dose inhaled steroids with guideline- and non-guideline-based indicators of asthma status and 1 stable patient on high-intensity medication. Results There were 369 resident respondents (65% response rate), 26% postgraduate year (PGY) 1, 38% PGY2, and 36% PGY3+. Seventy-five percent of each resident group reported seeing fewer than 1 asthma patient per continuity clinic session. A majority of residents made appropriate treatment recommendations in 2 of 4 vignettes of guideline-based indicators of asthma status: first, 97% overall stepping up treatment for mild persistent asthma; and second, 52% overall stepping down treatment for a patient with well-controlled asthma on high-intensity medications. Inconsistent with guideline recommendations, 82% of residents overall did not step down treatment for a patient with well-controlled asthma receiving low-intensity therapy; 75% of residents did not step up treatment for a patient with a recent hospitalization for asthma. Of the 3 vignettes evaluating non-guideline-based indicators of asthma status, a majority of residents (60%) stepped up treatment for parental reports of worse asthma, while a minority did so for a parental report of being bothered by their child's asthma (27%) or when wheezing was reported at physical examination (43%). There were no statistically significant differences for any of the comparisons by year in training. Conclusions Pediatric residents' management of asthma is consistent with national guidelines in some cases but not in others. There were no differences in the outpatient asthma management decisions between residents by years in training. Educational efforts should be focused on strategies to facilitate pediatric resident adherence to national asthma guideline recommendations for outpatient asthma management.
Development of a parametric estimating model for technology-driven deployment projects

The purpose of this paper is to define the process used to develop a parametric estimating model and to explain the use of the model as it allows a non subject matter expert to predict the cost of deployment of a technology-driven project with improved accuracy.The overall objective is to define criteria for organizations to use as a rule of thumb estimating model for determining potential resource requirements during the pre-concept and concept phase of a technology-driven project.The use of the model will determine the complexity level of a project and then using a matrix simulating the task complexity knowledge of a deployment subject matter expert, the organization deployment resource required will be estimated based upon responses to certain inquiries. The user of the model will then have the capability to modify the output to derive their specific deployment estimates.
Neuropathic midfoot deformity: associations with ankle and subtalar joint motion

Neuropathic deformities impair foot and ankle joint mobility, often leading to abnormal stresses and impact forces. The purpose of our study was to determine differences in radiographic measures of hind foot alignment and ankle joint and subtalar joint motion in participants with and without neuropathic midfoot deformities and to determine the relationships between radiographic measures of hind foot alignment to ankle and subtalar joint motion in participants with and without neuropathic midfoot deformities. Sixty participants were studied in three groups. Forty participants had diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN) with 20 participants having neuropathic midfoot deformity due to Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), while 20 participants did not have deformity. Participants with diabetes and neuropathy with and without deformity were compared to 20 young control participants without DM, PN or deformity. Talar declination and calcaneal inclination angles were assessed on lateral view weight bearing radiograph. Ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion and subtalar inversion and eversion were assessed by goniometry. Talar declination angle averaged 34±9, 26±4 and 23±3 degrees in participants with deformity, without deformity and young control participants, respectively (p< 0.010). Calcaneal inclination angle averaged 11±10, 18±9 and 21±4 degrees, respectively (p< 0.010). Ankle plantar flexion motion averaged 23±11, 38±10 and 47±7 degrees (p<0.010). The association between talar declination and calcaneal inclination angles with ankle plantar flexion range of motion is strongest in participants with neuropathic midfoot deformity. Participants with talonavicular and calcaneocuboid dislocations result in the most severe restrictions in ankle joint plantar flexion and subtalar joint inversion motions. An increasing talar declination angle and decreasing calcaneal inclination angle is associated with decreases in ankle joint plantar flexion motion in individuals with neuropathic midfoot deformity due to CN that may contribute to excessive stresses and ultimately plantar ulceration of the midfoot.
Validity and feasibility of a digital diet estimation method for use with preschool children: a pilot study.

Abstract Objective The goal of the study was to assess the validity and feasibility of a digital diet estimation method for use with preschool children in Head Start . Methods Preschool children and their caregivers participated in validation (n = 22) and feasibility (n = 24) pilot studies. Validity was determined in the metabolic research unit using actual gram weight measurements as the reference method. Feasibility of using the digital diet estimation method was determined in Head Start and in the home by assessing 3 separate lunch and dinner meals. Results The average correlation between estimated weights and actual weights was 0.96 ( P Conclusions and Implications The digital diet estimation method may be a valid and feasible method for assessing food intake of preschool children.
A bidirectional model for communication in the neurovascular unit

The neurovascular unit is a coordinated and interactional system of neurons, astrocytes, and microvessels in the brain. A central autoregulation mechanism observed in this unit is functional hyperemia, in which the microvasculature dilates in response to local neural activity in order to meet the increased demand for blood flow and oxygen. We have developed the first interactional model of bidirectional signaling in the neurovascular unit. The vascular model includes a description of vasomotion, the vascular oscillatory response to transmural pressure, observed in vivo. The communication mechanisms in the model include neural synaptic glutamate and potassium signaling to the astrocytes, potassium signaling from the astrocyte to the microvasculature, and astrocytic mechanosensation of vascular changes. The model response of the astrocyte to arteriolar dilation is validated with recent in vivo and in vitro experimental results. The model reproduces for the first time the in vitro observed phenomenon in which arteriole radius and Ca(2+) oscillations, "vasomotion," are damped due to neural induced astrocytic signaling.
Electric birefringence of kilobase-sized DNA molecules.

Abstract Transient electric birefringence has been used to characterize the rotational diffusion of linear, circularly permuted pBR322 and SV40 DNA molecules. The birefringence relaxation times vary with the site of linearization, suggesting that the circularly permuted DNAs have different conformations in solution. The longest relaxation times are observed for DNA sequence isomers linearized at the major bend centers identified by gel electrophoresis 1 . SV40 sequence isomers linearized at other locations have faster, but approximately equal, terminal relaxation times, suggesting that their free solution conformations are relatively independent of the location of the bend center within the sequence. By contrast, the terminal relaxation times of the various pBR322 sequence isomers vary approximately in accord with their electrophoretic mobilities in large-pore polyacrylamide gels, suggesting that the different mobilities may reflect real conformational differences between the sequence isomers.
Curcumin Inhibits VEGF Mediated Angiogenesis in Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through COX-2 and MAPK Inhibition

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a critical homeostatic mechanism which regulates vascular populations in response to physiologic requirements and pathophysiologic demand, including chronic inflammation and cancer. The importance of angiogenesis in gastrointestinal chronic inflammation and cancer has been defined, as anti-angiogenic therapy has demonstrated benefit in models of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer treatment. Curcumin is a natural product undergoing evaluation for the treatment of chronic inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The effect of curcumin on human intestinal angiogenesis is not defined. We examined the anti-angiogenic effect of curcumin on in vitro angiogenesis using primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC), stimulated with VEGF. Curcumin inhibited proliferation, cell migration and tube formation in HIMEC induced by VEGF. Activation of HIMEC by VEGF resulted in enhanced expression of COX-2 mRNA, protein and PGE2 production. Pre-treatment of HIMEC with 10 uM curcumin as well as 1 uM NS398, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, resulted in inhibition of COX-2 at the mRNA and protein level and PGE2 production. Similarly COX-2 expression in HIMEC was significantly inhibited by JNK (SP600125) and p38 MAPK (SB203580) inhibitors and was reduced by p44/42 MAPK inhibitor (PD098059). Taken together these data demonstrate an important role for COX-2 in the regulation of angiogenesis in HIMEC via MAPKs. Moreover, curcumin inhibits microvascular endothelial cell angiogenesis through inhibition of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, suggesting that this natural product possesses anti-angiogenic properties, which warrants further investigation as adjuvant treatment of IBD and cancer.
A cognitive-based indicator of deviant sexual interest: concurrent validation of the Stroop task

ABSTRACTOne of the strongest predictors of sexual recidivism is sexual deviance [Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 348–362. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.2.348]. Phallometric testing, the most commonly used method of assessing sexual deviance, has elicited methodological and ethical criticisms, while self-report is vulnerable to social desirability and poor insight. To overcome these limitations, researchers have utilised cognitive measures, including a modified Stroop task, to measure deviant sexual interests among sex offenders using victim selection as a comparison measure. However, the results have been inconclusive. The current study explored the validity of the modified Stroop task as a measure of deviant sexual interest among a non-offending sample of 570 females and 223 male participants, using self-report as the comparison measure. The results indicated a significant gen...
Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity Troponin for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes; yet, heterogeneity in CVD risk has been suggested in diabetes, providing a compelling rationale for improving diabetes risk stratification. We hypothesized that N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T may enhance CVD risk stratification beyond commonly used markers of risk and that CVD risk is heterogeneous in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 8,402 participants without prevalent CVD at visit 4 (1996–1998) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study there were 1,510 subjects with diabetes (mean age 63 years, 52% women, 31% African American, and 60% hypertensive). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 13.1 years, there were 540 incident fatal/nonfatal CVD events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke). Both troponin T ≥14 ng/L (hazard ratio [HR] 1.96 [95% CI 1.57–2.46]) and NTproBNP >125 pg/mL (1.61 [1.29–1.99]) were independent predictors of incident CVD events at multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Addition of circulating cardiac biomarkers to traditional risk factors, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), and conventional markers of diabetes complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral arterial disease significantly improved CVD risk prediction (net reclassification index 0.16 [95% CI 0.07–0.22]). Compared with individuals without diabetes, subjects with diabetes had 1.6-fold higher adjusted risk of incident CVD. However, participants with diabetes with normal cardiac biomarkers and no conventional complications/abnormal ECG ( n = 725 [48%]) were at low risk (HR 1.12 [95% CI 0.95–1.31]), while those with abnormal cardiac biomarkers, alone ( n = 186 [12%]) or in combination with conventional complications/abnormal ECG ( n = 243 [16%]), were at greater risk (1.99 [1.59–2.50] and 2.80 [2.34–3.35], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal levels of NTproBNP and troponin T may help to distinguish individuals with high diabetes risk from those with low diabetes risk, providing incremental risk prediction beyond commonly used markers of risk.
Ocular involvement in cutaneous connective tissue disease

Connective tissue disorders commonly involve multiple organ systems including the skin and eye. The pathogenesis of many of these disorders affects the microvasculature in these organs. Redness, dryness, pain, and vision loss might be signs of ocular disease in a patient with connective tissue disease. Ocular involvement can potentially lead to blindness and indicate systemic involvement. Dermatologists should be aware of potential ocular involvement in cutaneous connective tissue disorders, and their recognition should prompt ophthalmologic evaluation.
Visualizing inequality: How graphical emphasis shapes public opinion

Graphical representations of political issues and economic trends are an increasingly popular means of conveying information to the public. However, graphs have the potential to shape public opinion by visually emphasizing or downplaying the information they convey. I randomly assign subjects to view graphs that represent the same underlying information but that differ in relative emphasis: one is consistent with a textual account of rising inequality, while the other de-emphasizes the same information by increasing the scale of the Y-axis. My results indicate that graphical frames provide powerful contextual cues: for Republicans and conservatives, exposure to the de-emphasizing graph results in a 40% decrease in expressed support for intervention against inequality relative to Republicans and conservatives in the control condition, despite the fact that both groups read the same textual information. My findings reveal how an increasingly important and unexamined form of political communication affects p...
The Role of Lobe Selection on FEV1 Response in Endobronchial Valve Therapy.

Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy has shown improvement in symptoms and lung function despite limited understanding of ideal patient selection. The impact of lobe selection on EBV therapy is unclear. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine the role of lobe selection and identify preprocedure predictors of response to EBV therapy. A total of 492 patients from the USA and Europe were randomized to EBV or control therapy. Spirometry and functional measurements were taken at baseline and 12 months later. At 365 days patients undergoing EBV therapy showed improvement in FEV1 change compared to control regardless of treatment to upper or lower. There was no difference in FEV1 change between the upper and lower lobe treatment groups ( 5 .99, 7.04, p = 0.75). In addition lobe selection was not identified as a significant modifier of FEV1 change in multiple linear regression analysis. Complete lobe fissure was the only significant predictor of FEV1 change (OR 4.14 (2.29, 7.47)). Our results suggest that lobe selection does not play a major role in EBV therapy response. Complete fissure status preprocedure has the greatest influence on FEV1 improvement. These results have implications on patient selection for current treatment and in future EBV studies.
Formation of the Treysa quintet and the main-group pallasites by impact-generated processes in the IIIAB asteroid†

Treysa and Delegate have compositions closely similar to those of IIIAB irons but plot above the IIIAB field on Ir-Au diagrams; for this reason they are designated anomalous members of IIIAB. All refractory siderophiles share this anomaly. Wasson (1999) interpreted the large spread on IIIAB Ir-Au diagrams to result from melt-trapping and generated solid and liquid fractional crystallization tracks; almost all IIIAB irons fall between the tracks. In contrast, Treysa, Delegate, and three other irons (the Treysa quintet) plot beyond the liquid track. Ideal fractional crystallization cannot account for compositions that plot outside the region between the tracks. Possible explanations for the anomalous compositions of the Treysa quintet are that (1) these meteorites did not form in the IIIAB magma or (2) they formed by the mixing of early crystallized solids with a late liquid. The weight of the evidence including cosmic-ray ages favor the second explanation. Although this explanation can account for positions plotting above the liquid track, it requires special circumstances. The infalling blocks must be assimilated and the resulting melt must crystallize quickly into pockets small enough (<1 m) to allow igneous gradients to be leveled by subsequent diffusion. The Treysa quintet shares the region beyond the liquid track with most main-group pallasites (PMG), which may have also originated in the IIIAB body. It appears that Treysa, its relatives, and the PMG were formed in one or more impact events that mixed olivine and solid metal formed near the core-mantle boundary with nearby magma. It is then necessary to cool the melt rapidly; the best way to achieve rapid cooling is by heat exchange with cooler solids. That the Treysa quintet and the PMG can be explained by the same processes operating on late IIIAB magma supports the conclusion that PMG formed on the IIIAB parent asteroid.
Chronopotentiometry of Flavinmononeucleotide (FMN).

In D.C. polarographic studies on the electrode processes of riboflavin since Brdicka1 5), it has been considered that only leucoform (reductant) of riboflavin is adsorbed on the mercury electrode. But recently Senda et a16). and Breyer et a17). have presented the evidence of the adsorption of both riboflavin (oxidant) and leucoform on the electrode in A.C, polarographic studies. Lorenz8) proposed theoretical equations on the adsorption processes in electrolysis at controlled current density, which are applicable to any type of adsorptions accompanied by electrolysis of the adsorbed species.The author reports experimental results in chronopotentiometric study on the adsorption wave of FMN mainly in the concentration range of 10-6-10-5 mol/l in which the surface of mercury electrode is considered to be unsaturated with adsorbed FMN molecules according to the knowledge in polarography.A noticiable feature of the results in the present study is that constancy of i0τ values (i0, current density; τ, transition time) was observed in a given concentration range and at current density chosen in a certain range and consequently the value of i0τ/nF corresponds to the density of adsorbed species on the electrode surface at potential before applying current pulse.
Asymmetrical Polysilicon Electrothermal Microactuators for Achieving Large In-Plane Mechanical Forces and Deflections

This research focuses on the design and experimental characterization of two types of asym- metrical MEMS electrothermal microactuators. Both MEMS polysilicon electrothermal microac- tuator designs use resistive (Joule) heating to generate thermal expansion and movement. Deflection and force measurements as a function of applied electrical power are presented.
Lessons Learned from Implementing Self-Regulated Strategy Development with Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Alternative Educational Settings

ABSTRACT: Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is an evidence-based intervention for use with students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). To date, there are nine studies investigating SRSD in alternative education settings, including self-contained day and residential schools, with 113 students with EBD in grades 3 through 12. A brief synthesis of this body of SRSD research is presented, which represents SRSD implementation in individualized, small-group, and class-wide formats using group and single-case research design methodology. Lessons learned from this research are presented to inform both practitioners and researchers, including guidelines for overcoming the unique barriers to SRSD implementation that students with EBD in alternative education settings may present. Lessons learned include the need for (a) developing strategies for increasing students' academic engagement, (b) further addressing behavioral and academic needs, (c) overcoming issues of truancy and transience, (d) pr...