cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
B Cells as a Therapeutic Target for IFN-β in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

IFN-β-1b is a first-line immunomodulatory therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR MS). However, its effects on B cells have not been characterized. In vitro studies of B cells derived from RR MS patients revealed that IFN-β-1b decreases B cells' stimulatory capacity, as detected by inhibition of the Ag-specific T cell proliferative response upon Ag presentation by IFN-β-1b-treated B cells. Our study has identified that IFN-β-1b inhibited B cells' stimulatory capacity in RR MS patients and healthy controls through the suppression of CD40 and CD80 expression, whereas the MHC class I and II expression was not changed. IFN-β-1b in vitro treatment inhibited B cell secretion of IL-1β and IL-23 and induced IL-12 and IL-27. Supernatants transferred from IFN-β-1b-treated B cells inhibited Th17 cell differentiation, as they suppressed gene expression of the retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear hormone receptor C and IL-17A and secretion of IL-17A. In addition, IFN-β-1b induced B cells' IL-10 secretion, which may mediate their regulatory effect. Studies of B cells derived from RR MS patients treated with recombinant s.c. injected IFN-β-1b revealed that they induced a significantly lower proliferative response in allogenic MLR than the B cells from untreated patients. Further confirming the IFN-β-1b in vitro-induced changes in B cell cytokine secretion, B cells derived from the IFN-β-1b-treated patients secreted significantly lower levels of IL-1β and IL-23 and higher levels of IL-12 and IL-27 in comparison with the B cells derived from untreated patients. We conclude that IFN-β-1b exerts its therapeutic effects in part by targeting B cells' functions that contribute to the autoimmune pathogenesis of RR MS.
Recovering 3-D motion parameters from image sequences with gross errors

A robust algorithm to estimate 3-D motion parameters from a sequence of extremely noisy images is developed. The noise model includes correspondence mismatch errors, outliers, uniform noise, and Gaussian noise. More than 100000 controlled experiments were performed. The experimental results show that the error in the estimated 3-D parameters of the linear algorithm almost increases linearly with fraction of outliers. However, the increase for the robust algorithm is much slower, indicating its better performance and stability with data having blunders. The robust algorithm can detect the outliers, mismatching errors and blunders up to 30% of observed data. Therefore, it can be an effective tool in estimating 3-D motion parameters from multiframe time sequence imagery. >
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a central role in human behavior. Anatomically connected with association areas of all sensory modalities, limbic structures, prefrontal cortical regions that mediate executive function and subcortical nuclei, this brain region can serve to integrate the physical and emotional attributes of a stimulusobject and establish a motivational value based on estimation of potential reward. To the extent that addictive disorders reflect a dysregulation of the ability to evaluate potential reward against harm from drug self-administration, it would be anticipated that substance abuse disorder might reflect dysfunction of the OFC. With the application of brain imaging techniques to the study of human substance abuse, evidence has been obtained that activity in the OFC and its connections plays a role in several components of the maladaptive behavior of substance abuse, including expectancy, craving and impaired decision making.
A low-power area efficient voltage reference and data generation unit for inductively powered implant system

This paper reports a low-power sensor signal processing and load shift keying (LSK) telemetry scheme for an inductively powered implant system. The entire system manifests a voltage reference (VR), a potentiostat, and a current controlled oscillator (CCO). All of the functional blocks are designed using subthreshold MOSFETs to achieve ultra-low-power consumption. Relatively simpler architecture of the VGR saves area and power. The CCO generates frequency modulated digital pulses depending upon sensor current. The proposed system has been designed and simulated in 65 nm standard CMOS process and the entire system consumes less than 20 µW.
Group actions on homology spheres

This can be stated in a more symmetric manner. Let r be any positive integer not equal to 3. Then n acts freely and homologically trivially on Z r i ff n acts freely and homologically trivially on SL In fact, there is a one-to-one correspondence between such actions on U and such actions on S r. (The classification of such actions is discussed in w In addition the actions constructed have the property that every group element is isotopic to the identity. Theorem A holds in the topological or piecewise-linear categories. Well-known counterexamples exist in the smooth category even for homotopy spheres. Theorem A would be false without the assumption of homological triviality or without the assumption of simple-connectivity (see remark 8.8). In fact, there exist groups n and simply-connected Z/In[ homology spheres Z r, such that n acts freely on U, but not on SL Also there are groups n which act freely on S r, but do not act freely on certain lens spaces Lp, with p prime to In[. If the group n is cyclic, a result similar to our main theorem was first proved by L~Sffler [L] by different methods. The second author independently established the cyclic case in [Wel ] , by a method that extends to cyclic group actions on more general manifolds (see [C-W1]), and, via this paper, to general finite groups. However the difficulties in making this extension have application elsewhere. The main theorem is motivated by the philosophy that all of the geometry of a group action is present at the order of the group. Thus, it is only natural to expect that any manifold "homologically resembling" a sphere admitting a
Quantitative analysis of membrane protein localization and signaling

Fluorescence microscopy of labeled proteins yields a wealth of data on cell signaling processes. However, systems for quantitative analysis of such data have lagged behind the recent progress in data acquisition technology. As cellular protein redistribution plays a key role in proximal signaling and the establishment of cell polarity, quantitative information is critical for understanding many signaling networks. We have developed a robust automated system to analyze membrane protein redistribution based on datasets obtained via fluorescence video microscopy. Our system provides methods for cell surface segmentation and reconstruction, cell shape tracking, cell-surface parameterization, and cluster formation analysis. Our system is novel in both its integration and its surface-based approach, enabling model-free analysis of protein redistribution across the entire cell. We validate our system by measuring receptor clustering in T lymphocytes undergoing activation, obtaining clustering velocities consistent with the previously reported single-particle tracking data that serve as our reference standard. Our methods generalize to many cell-signaling phenomena, allowing quantitative measurement of these cell membrane processes and offering the ability to derive empiric parameters for spatial signaling network models.
Evidence for quorum sensing in Clostridium botulinum 56A

Aims: Experiments were designed to detect quorum-sensing signals produced by Clostridium botulinum. Methods and Results: Clostridium botulinum 56A cell-free supernatants obtained at the end of lag phase, the mid-exponential phase and early stationary phase of growth were assayed for bioluminescence in the Vibrio harveyi quorum-sensing assay system. Twelve and 16-h culture supernatants induced bioluminescence in the auto-inducer 2 (AI-2) but not the auto-inducer 1 (AI-1) assay. Intra-species quorum sensing was also assayed as the ability of the supernatants to promote spore germination and outgrowth in a microtitre plate system. Spore populations exposed to C. botulinum supernatant from the end of lag phase became positive for growth sooner than controls. Conclusions: The influence of cell-free supernatant on ungerminated spores and detection of bioluminescence in the AI-2 assay are evidence for a signalling molecule(s) and provide a first step in characterizing C. botulinum quorum sensing. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study suggests that spores do not behave independently of each other and may explain the inocula size effects observed in challenge studies. Whether AI-2 production in C. botulinum serves as an inter-species signal or as a detoxification mechanism remains to be determined.
Estimating the Mass of Asteroid 433 Eros During the NEAR Spacecraft Flyby

The terminal navigation of the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft during its flyby of asteroid 433 Eros on December 23, 1998 involved coordinated efforts to determine the heliocentric orbits of the spacecraft and Eros and then to determine the relative trajectory of the spacecraft with respect ot Eros.
Non-metric calibration of wide-angle lenses and polycameras

Images taken with wide-angle cameras tend to have severe distortions which pull points towards the optical center. This paper proposes a method for recovering the distortion parameters without the use of any calibration objects. The distortions cause straight lines in the scene to appear as curves in the image. Our algorithm seeks to find the distortion parameters that would map the image curves to straight lines. The user selects a small set of points along the image curves. Recovery of the parameters is formulated as the minimization of an objective function which is designed to explicitly account for noise in the selected image points. Experimental results are presented for synthetic data with different noise levels as well as for real images. Once calibrated, the image streams from these cameras can be undistorted in real time using look up tables. We also present an application of this calibration method for wide-angle camera clusters, which we call polycameras. We apply our distortion correction technique to a polycamera with four wide-angle cameras to create a high resolution 360 degree panorama in real-time.
Physical versus biological spring transition: 2005

[1] In 2005, the onset of spring conditions in the physics of the coastal ocean (lowered sea level, spin-up of vertically-sheared equatorward coastal jet) came about 50 days later than average off Newport Oregon, on May 24. There was a further delay of 50 days before the subsurface upwelled water penetrated into the anomalously stratified surface layer, becoming most available for biological activity. The warm anomaly in sea surface temperature which provided the surface cap was observed at mid-shelf locations from Washington to central California, but it ended sooner south of Oregon. Biological impacts of these delays to several trophic levels have been reported.
The MTX data acquisition system

The diagnostic data from the MTX (Microwave Tokamak Experiment) are acquired and processed by an expandable, distributed, multivendor computer network. The system blends a variety of software into a coordinated, unified, and highly flexible design. Using modular software design techniques, a system stressing distributed processing, portability, and transparent data-access was created. Communication interfaces between modules and separated generic tasks from machine- and application-specific implementations were standardized. For flexible distributed processing, modular, portable software and an LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) facility that provides an interprocess communication system (IPCS) in the multivendor network was used. With transparent data access, any program can access data stored anywhere in the network without knowing the specific location. The computer hardware includes a DEC VAX cluster, HP workstations, and HP desktop computers. Commercial software is being used in addition to packages from MIT, ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) and LLNL. >
Contrast enhancements due to superconductivity in scanning electron microscopy from Y 1 - x BaCu 2 + x O y high- T c superconductors

Microscopy and x-ray emission analysis have been performed on Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductors as a function of temperature using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a low-temperature stage. The samples exhibit a superconducting phase transition above liquid nitrogen temperature as determined by resistivity measurements and a demonstrated Meissner effect. Strong contrast changes in the micrographs due to the superconducting phase transition are found, which have been used to identify normal and superconducting regions of the sample. These samples are found to consist of particles with superconducting shells surrounding a nonsuperconducting core.
An Integrated Maintenance and Asset Management System (IMAMS)

Aircraft consists of large number of complex units - rotating equipments, utility related equipments, associated instruments, control systems with associated computing systems, security and safety relevant equipments etc. The management of various assets present in the aircraft encompasses the continuous monitoring of the particular asset or equipment from the operation, performance point of view, periodic evaluation of the health of the asset in an independent situation as well as in the integrated system, activating necessary alarms to the concerned people about the state of the unit or asset, identification of the maintenance requirements, maintaining the operational history of the equipment, tracking the maintenance operations schedule and safe resumption of the operation etc. In certain situations, there exists a need to forecast the equipment health situation and indicating or activating the appropriate alarm sufficiently in advance which could be great differentiating factor. Last decade has seen the emergence of independent applications or set of tools to address some of the asset management related functionalities. However, they handle tasks/activities in an independent manner and depend on other external systems/applications for critical data. The areas of equipment health management supported with advanced diagnostic features for prediction capabilities, empirical. / Statistical analysis based functionalities; close integration with the associated applications such as purchase information system etc. would make the asset management more effective. An optimized asset management and maintenance activity greatly enhances the overall productivity and operational efficiency of the airline industry. This paper describes the state of the technology in this area and proposes an integrated framework of the system along with a high level architecture of the same.
Studies of intestinal microflora. V. Fecal microbial ecology in ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis: relationship to severity of disease and chemotherapy.

Summary Quantitative and qualitative microbiological studies of the stools were carried out in 25 patients with untreated ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis. The mild to moderately ill patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis were noted to harbor a fecal microflora very similar to that of healthy individuals. However, those with regional enteritis and severe ulcerative colitis had increased numbers of colif orms in their stools. Treatment of ulcerative colitis with salicylazosulf apyridine (Azulfidine) tended to increase the numbers of some microbial species, especially Gram-positive forms. These changes did not appear to be related to the severity of disease or the effectiveness of treatment. In a group of normal individuals receiving drug or placebo in a double blind study, salicylazosulf apyridine caused no definite alterations in the fecal microflora. Systemic corticosteroid therapy of ulcerative colitis resulted in little change in the intestinal flora. Modest decreases in the number of fecal colif orms appeared to be associated with clinical improvement.
Engineering Design and Innovation

Engineering represents a variety of activities associated with technology. Engineering is the profession in which the knowledge of mathematical, natural, and social sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to economically utilize the materials and forces of nature for the use of mankind. Engineering design is the systematic, intelligent generation and evaluation of products whose form and function achieve stated objectives and satisfy specified constraints. Discontinuous innovation provides both unique challenges and opportunities to the firm. When working on a project that is a significant leap from existing technologies or markets, it is important to bear in mind that the techniques required to effectively manage the project are significantly different too. This chapter provides an overview of some of the critical issues relating to this topic at both the micro and the macro level.
Point defects: Their influence on electron trapping, resistivity, and electron mobility-lifetime product in CdTexSe1−x detectors

In this research, we assessed the abundance of point defects and their influence on the resistivity, the electron mobility-lifetime (μτe) product, and the electron trapping time in CdTeSe crystals grown under different conditions using the traveling heater method. We used current-deep level transient spectroscopy to determine the traps' energy, their capture cross-section, and their concentration. Further, we used these data to determine the trapping and de-trapping times for the charge carriers. The data show that detectors with a lower concentration of In-dopant have a higher density of A-centers and Cd double vacancies (VCd- -). The high concentrations of VCd- - and A-centers, along with the deep trap at 0.86 eV and low density of 1.1 eV energy traps, are the major cause of the detectors' low resistivity, and most probably, a major contributor to the low μτe product. Our results indicate that the energy levels of point defects in the bandgap, their concentrations, capture cross-sections, and their trapping and de-trapping times play an important role in the detector's performance, especially for devices that rely solely on electron transport.
Presynaptic transmitter release is specified by postsynaptic neurons of Aplysia buccal ganglia

1. In Aplysia buccal ganglia, in which dual presynaptic neurons innervate multiple postsynaptic cells, strengths of the same identified synapses differ from animal to animal, consistent with developmental or plastic modulation. Synaptic strengths are specified by the postsynaptic neuron, so that synaptic current amplitudes are similar for inputs from different presynaptic cells converging on a postsynaptic cell but different for branches of the same neuron diverging onto different targets. 2. The coefficient of variation method of quantal analysis reveals that differences in synaptic strength, although specified postsynaptically, result partially from differences in the number of quanta released by presynaptic terminals. 3. This quantization is consistent with classical presynaptic models and suggests retrograde modulation of quantal release as postulated for hippocampal long-term potentiation.
Improvement and extension of Virtual Reality for flexible systems of manufacture

In this work it presents the improvement and extension of the virtual reality software created by the Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Automatization Outpost Laboratory in the school of electrical engineering of the Pontificia Universi- dad Catolica de Valparaiso. † Extends software adding to the virtual reality new objects from the flexible system of complete manufacture that is in the laboratory † Settles down a control of the Scara manipulator and the virtual reality of the work imagines that is made in an assembled flexible cell of, constituted by a robotic manipulator, a vision system and a automated transport system. The reason for this one project is to maintain the control of a process and also to make modifications in the cell doing the simulation in the virtual reality to optimize the work of the flexible system reducing to the died time of the cell produced by the halting of the process when making modifications and tests of the same ones. Can be tested in the virtual reality then this account with all the factors that affect a process, for example, gravity and restriction of movement of the objects.
Oxygen Isotope Studies of Rocks Across the Grenville Front

The 180/160 ratios of rocks collected along a 250 km traverse across the Grenville Front near Val d’Or, Quebec, and Lake Timagami, Ontario, have been determined. Analyses have been performed on samples which in field occurrence, petrology, major and trace element chemistry, and Sr-isotopes show strong genetic correlation across the Front. The primary objectives are to characterize the 180/160 ratios in rocks of the Grenville and Superior provinces, and to determine the temperatures and magnitude of oxygen isotope equilibration in rocks during the Grenville metamorph ism.
Molecular Dynamics of I2 Photodissociation in Cyclohexane: Experimental Picosecond Transient Electronic Absorption

Experimental and theoretical studies of the wavelength dependence of the transient electronic absorption of I2 in cyclohexane following photodissociation at 680 nm indicate a role for the vibrational decay of the already recombined I2 molecules.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Magnesium/SiC Nanocomposites Fabricated by Ultrasonic Cavitation Based Solidification Processing

Magnesium, the lightest structural metal, is of significance to improve energy efficiency in various applications. Mg/SiC nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation based dispersion of SiC nanoparticles in Mg melts. As compared to pure magnesium, the mechanical properties including tensile strength and yield strength of the Mg/SiC nanocomposites were improved significantly, while the good ductility of pure Mg casting was retained. The grain size of the pure magnesium was refined when SiC nanoparticles were added. In the microstructure of Mg/SiC nanocomposites, there are still quite some SiC clusters, but in the areas free of large clusters, the SiC nanoparticles were dispersed very well. TEM study of the interface between SiC nanoparticles and magnesium matrix indicates a good bonding, but no chemical reaction between SiC nanoparticles and magnesium matrix.© 2007 ASME
Labor analgesia in the US and Japan

Obstetric anesthesia has made significant progress over the last 50 years. It is one of the major subspecialties in anesthesia in US. Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) was founded in 1968. According to its SCORE project on the practice of obstetric anesthesia, 82.4% of all parturients received some form of anesthesia for cesarean section or labor analgesia. Epidural analgesia was the most common form of labor analgesia (65%), followed by CSEA. This high percentage of anesthesia care for parturients mandates the presence of obstetric anesthesiologists at labor and delivery suites in major hospitals in US. The Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Anesthesia, formerly "Mutsu-bunben Kenkyukai", now called "Bunben to Masui Kenkyukai", was founded in Japan at about the same time as SOAP. Despite its long history, obstetric anesthesia is yet to be a major subspecialty in Japan. It is encouraging, however, that the number of attendants in obstetric anesthesia sessions in JSA seems increasing. SOAP has played an important role in the education and progress of obstetric anesthesia in US. I hope that the joint symposium of SOAP, Bunben to Masui Kenkyukai, and JSA at 39th SOAP annual meeting will facilitate the progress of obstetric anesthesia in Japan.
Local and targeted drug delivery for bone regeneration

While experimental bone regeneration approaches commonly employ cells, technological hurdles prevent translation of these therapies. Alternatively, emulating the spatiotemporal cascade of endogenous factors through controlled drug delivery may provide superior bone regenerative approaches. Surgically placed drug depots have clinical indications. Additionally, noninvasive systemic delivery can be used as needed for poorly healing bone injuries. However, a major hurdle for systemic delivery is poor bone biodistribution of drugs. Thus, peptides, aptamers, and phosphate-rich compounds with specificity toward proteins, cells, and molecules within the regenerative bone microenvironment may enable the design of targeted carriers with bone biodistribution greater than that achieved by drug alone. These carriers, combined with osteoregenerative drugs and/or stimuli-sensitive linkers, may enhance bone regeneration while minimizing off-target tissue effects.
Reflecting on Talk: A Mentor Teacher’s Gradual Release in Co-Planning

ABSTRACTThe goal of this case study was to explore how a mentor teacher used video-recorded co-planning sessions to reflect on and improve one’s mentoring practice. Findings reveal ways in which the mentor used talk in co-planning sessions to model one’s thinking process and to gradually release planning responsibility to engage the intern in learning to plan for instruction. Results show the importance of intentional educative co-planning, and the potential for supporting mentor-teacher development through the use of video to aid in reflecting on mentoring practice.
The Bernstein Polynomials and Finite Differences

(1973). The Bernstein Polynomials and Finite Differences. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 280-282.
Rates of burial and disturbance of experimentally-deployed molluscs; implications for preservation potential

Rates of burial and transport of molluscan remains are essentially unknown for deeper continental shelf and slope environments, especially over periods of years. An understanding of the rates of taphonomic loss are critical to paleoecological analyses and to paleoenvironmental studies in general. The post-depositional history of organic remains is highly dependent on the length of time the material remains at or near the sediment/water interface. In order to measure these rates, 100 gastropod and bivalve shells were scattered over a marked area of sea bottom at 21 sites in seven environments of deposition (EOD9s) in the Gulf of Mexico and at five EOD9s on the Bahamas platform edge. A total of over 2600 shells were deployed. Each site was thoroughly documented with video photography. After one year in the Bahamas and after two years in both the Gulf of Mexico and Bahamas, these sites were re-photographed and video-taped to measure rates of burial and movement of shells. Shell condition (e.g., articulation, encrustation, and color loss) for those shells that remained exposed was also determined. Shells deployed in Gulf of Mexico petroleum seep sites, on the open continental shelf, and on the continental slope experienced high rates of burial (0.5-3.0 cm) within two years. Shells at these sites generally were not transported or disturbed, and disarticulation rates were low. In the Bahamas, shells on the platform shelf were completely buried within one year. On the steep platform edge from 70 to 300 m, shells on hardground ledges remained exposed, whereas shells in carbonate sands were buried by up to 3.5 cm of sediment. Transport was more common on the steep slopes of the platform edge. Net sedimentation rates for the outer continental shelf and slope of 0.01-0.06 cm yr-1 are well below our observed burial rates of 31 cm yr (super -1) . Thus, burial rate may be somewhat independent of sedimentation rate due to local reworking of sediments by storms at shallower depths and mechanisms such as deep bottom currents or bioturbation at deeper sites. Therefore, the potential for fossil preservation in offshore areas with low sedimentation rates may be much greater than previously assumed.
Treatment of anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease: Rationale and design of the UNderstanding the benefits of exercise and escitalopram in anxious patients WIth coroNary heart Disease (UNWIND) randomized clinical trial

Background Anxiety is highly prevalent among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and there is growing evidence that high levels of anxiety are associated with worse prognosis. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of treating anxiety in CHD patients for reducing symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Exercise and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be effective in treating patients with depression, but have not been studied in cardiac patients with high anxiety. Methods The UNWIND trial is a randomized clinical trial of patients with CHD who are at increased risk for adverse events because of comorbid anxiety. One hundred fifty participants with CHD and elevated anxiety symptoms and/or with a diagnosed anxiety disorder will be randomly assigned to 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (3×/wk, 35 min, 70%-85% VO 2 peak), escitalopram (5-20 mg qd), or placebo. Before and after 12 weeks of treatment, participants will undergo assessments of anxiety symptoms and CHD biomarkers of risk, including measures of inflammation, lipids, hemoglobin A 1c , heart rate variability, and vascular endothelial function. Primary outcomes include post-intervention effects on symptoms of anxiety and CHD biomarkers. Secondary outcomes include clinical outcomes (cardiovascular hospitalizations and all-cause death) and measures of quality of life. Conclusions The UNWIND trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02516332) will evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercise and escitalopram for improving anxiety symptoms and reducing risk for adverse clinical events in anxious CHD patients.
Synthesis of N-1′, N-3′-disubstituted spirohydantoins and their anticonvulsant activities in pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Herein we report the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of a library of eighteen new compounds that are structural mimics of phenytoin. These class of compounds contain a N-1', N-3'-disubstituted spirohydantoin scaffold, where the N-1' and N-3' positions are modified with an alkyl group or aryl group. Of the eighteen compounds synthesized and tested, compound 5c showed the best anticonvulsant activity. It completely prevented the precursor events of motor seizure in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Additionally, ten of the analogs were more effective than phenytoin when compared using the Racine's score in the pilocarpine model. Based on the structure activity relationship (SAR), we concluded that alkyl groups (ethyl, propyl or cyclopropyl) at N-3' position and 4-nitro phenyl group at N-1' position are desirable.
Attendant experience of young children with tetralogy of Fallot during peri-operative complete correction

Objective To summarize the clinical attendant experience during pre-and post-operation on 78 cases of pediatric tetralogy of Fallot radical treatment.Methods Took the appropriate health education and psychologic attendance pre-operation,provided sedative,oxygen and prevented anoxia;extensive cared the patient post-operation,strengthened the observation of breath and circulation,prevented the complications of atelectasis,pneumonia and low cardiac output syndrome,and provided correct discharge health instruction.Results Sixty-nine cases were discharged with complete cure,7 cases died with low cardiac output syndrome in early stage,2 cases died with multiple organ failure syndrome.Conclusions Pediatric tetralogy of Fallot is a multiple cardiamorphia with high surgical risk,post-operative complications and case-fatality ratio.The pre-and post-operative attendances are definitely crucial and have become an important successful guarantee of operation and recover.
Lasting Adaptations in Social Behavior Produced by Social Disruption and Inhibition of Adult Neurogenesis.

Research on social instability has focused on its detrimental consequences, but most people are resilient and respond by invoking various coping strategies. To investigate cellular processes underlying such strategies, a dominance hierarchy of rats was formed and then destabilized. Regardless of social position, rats from disrupted hierarchies had fewer new neurons in the hippocampus compared with rats from control cages and those from stable hierarchies. Social disruption produced a preference for familiar over novel conspecifics, a change that did not involve global memory impairments or increased anxiety. Using the neuropeptide oxytocin as a tool to increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus of disrupted rats restored preference for novel conspecifics to predisruption levels. Conversely, reducing the number of new neurons by limited inhibition of adult neurogenesis in naive transgenic GFAP–thymidine kinase rats resulted in social behavior similar to disrupted rats. Together, these results provide novel mechanistic evidence that social disruption shapes behavior in a potentially adaptive way, possibly by reducing adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To investigate cellular processes underlying adaptation to social instability, a dominance hierarchy of rats was formed and then destabilized. Regardless of social position, rats from disrupted hierarchies had fewer new neurons in the hippocampus compared with rats from control cages and those from stable hierarchies. Unexpectedly, these changes were accompanied by changes in social strategies without evidence of impairments in cognition or anxiety regulation. Restoring adult neurogenesis in disrupted rats using oxytocin and conditionally suppressing the production of new neurons in socially naive GFAP–thymidine kinase rats showed that loss of 6-week-old neurons may be responsible for adaptive changes in social behavior.
Scanning probe microscopy: A picture worth a thousand bytes

The controlled positioning of more than 8,000 chlorine vacancies on a surface at 77 K is a step towards the implementation of ultradense rewritable atomic memories.
National Identities and International Relations

Identity is the master variable for many constructivist scholars of international politics. In this comparative study, Richard Ned Lebow shows that states do not have identities any more than people do. Leaders, peoples, and foreign actors seek to impose national identifications consistent with their political projects and psychological needs. These identifications are multiple, fluid and rise in importance as a function of priming and context. Leaders are at least as likely to invoke national identifications as rationalizations for policies pursued for other reasons as they are to be influenced by them. National identifications are nevertheless important because they invariably stress the alleged uniqueness of a people and its country, and are a principal means of seeking status and building self-esteem. Lebow tracks the relative appeal of these principles, the ways in which they are constructed, how they influence national identifications, and how they in turn affect regional and international practices.
H atom and H2 elimination from Y + C2H2

Potential energy surfaces are evaluated for H atom and H2 elimination in the gas phase reaction of a Y atom with acetylene, C2H2. Coupled-cluster calculations are performed with extrapolations to the complete basis set limit and zero point energy, core correlation, and spin−orbit corrections. The resulting surfaces reveal that the lowest energy reaction channel leads to H2 elimination, consistent with the YC2 + H2 products observed in crossed molecular beam experiments. This reaction proceeds in three steps: (i) YC2H2 adduct formation, (ii) C−H insertion, and (iii) 1,3-elimination of H2. A higher energy reaction channel leads from the C−H insertion intermediate to the H atom elimination products YC2H + H. Our calculations predict product asymptotes of −7.1 kcal/mol for YC2 + H2 and 15.0 kcal/mol for YC2H + H, energies that differ considerably from those (−18.5 ± 4.3 and 21.5 ± 2.0 kcal/mol, respectively) determined in the beam experiments. Natural bond orbital methods are used to determine how the metal ...
Lazic Aneurysm Clip System for Microsurgical Clipping of Cerebral Aneurysms: Transition to a New Aneurysm Clip System in an Established Cerebrovascular Practice

Background In an era of continued advancements in endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms, novel developments concerning microsurgical clipping are sparse. The Lazic aneurysm clip system represents such an advancement. The applier has a malleable shaft and is designed to minimally obstruct the view of the surgical field. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the transition to this new aneurysm clip system in an established cerebrovascular practice. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all aneurysms treated with microsurgical clipping using the Lazic aneurysm clip system in 1 cerebrovascular practice in the United States from January 2009 to June 2016. Results Between 2009 and 2016, a total of 973 aneurysms underwent surgical clipping. The Lazic clip system was used in 191 (19.6%) aneurysms (maximum diameter, 5.6 ± 3.8 mm) in 181 patients. The middle cerebral artery was the most frequent location (25.7%) followed by posterior communicating artery (20.9%). There was a continuous increase in the percentage of aneurysms treated with the Lazic clip system from 6% in 2009 to 98% in 2016. The proportion of posterior circulation aneurysms treated with Lazic clips decreased, whereas the middle cerebral artery location increased. There were a total of 11 complications (5.8%), but no instances of clip malfunction. Conclusions In the largest series to date, the Lazic clip system proved to be safe and efficacious and presents an interesting alternative to established aneurysm clip systems. This study illustrates the transition of an established cerebrovascular practice to the Lazic clip system.
Green Devaluation: Disruption, Divestment, and Decommodification for a Green Economy

This paper argues that taking up questions of value can help political ecologists and economists develop a more powerful analysis of the green economy, as it introduces new urban, industrial, and technological dimensions into a self-identified green capitalism. More specifically, I maintain that processes of green devaluation, decommodification, and techno-industrial replacement are as important in understanding green economic development as new value enclosure and green growth. Twenty-first-century green economic politics have been marked by Schumpeterian ambitions and zero-sum intra-capitalist struggles, alongside a more general hardening of anti-fossil fuel industry politics from both grassroots climate justice activists and, increasingly, mainstream investors. I explore three interrelated initiatives—disruptive innovation in Silicon Valley cleantech, the U.S. fossil fuel divestment movement, and the global financial industry’s stranded assets organizing—as windows into these struggles. Themes of devaluation, obsolescence (both technological and “moral”), and (more or less absolute) decommodification carry through this discussion as activists struggle to translate quantitative advances against fossil fuels into a more profound qualitative break. Understanding these fights is essential to developing more effective engaged scholarship on climate change and a just energy transition.
The effect of embedded objects on pool fire burning behavior

Abstract This study analyzes the influence of a thermally conductive object on the burning behavior of a hexane pool fire using a validated numerical model. The thermally conductive object comprises of a thin aluminum cylinder located at the center, exposed to the fire, and also immersed in the liquid pool. The physical process of the heat transfer by the flame to the cylinder and cylinder to the liquid pool is investigated using two segments: a one-dimensional model that solves the transient heat transfer in the cylinder and a transient two-dimensional scalar transport equation that solves the temperature field inside the fuel region. Different cylindrical geometries varying from 9 cm to 16 cm in height was considered in the numerical study. Experimental measurements of the temperature field and mass burning rate agree reasonably well with the predictions made by the numerical model. A parametric study of the influence of the cylinder length in the flame shows that the burning rate of the pool fire increases up to 4 times because of heat transfer from the cylinder to the liquid fuel via nucleate boiling and film boiling on the surface of the immersed portion of the cylinder. Applications of the study towards improvements in the design of burners for “skim and burn” disposal of oil spills at sea, and portable or fixed incinerators for rapid disposal of hazardous liquid waste are discussed.
The Role of 14-3-3ζ in Regulation of Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract 1845 The 14-3-3 proteins are a highly conserved protein family which includes β, γ, e, η, σ, τ and ζ isoforms in mammalian cells. Through interacting with a number of protein clients, such as Cdc25, Bad, Raf1, and Foxo, 14-3-3 proteins act as integrators of diverse cell signaling pathways and participate in metabolism, cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that expression of 14-3-3ζ is increased in the transition from MGUS to multiple myeloma (MM), and among all MM subsets, is expressed highest in the high risk genetic subsets [Gu et al. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts), Nov 2011; 118: 1369] Using our 14-3-3ζ knockdown and overexpression stable MM cell lines, we found 14-3-3ζ played important roles in MM cell proliferation and growth. We also found that silencing 14-3-3 appeared to impair bortezomib-induced cell apoptosis in LP1 cells as well as to another proteasome inhibitor MG132. To further explore the function of 14-3-3ζ in MM cell biology, we performed co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry to identify the potential 14-3-3ζ binding partners in the LP1 14-3-3ζ overexpressed cell lines. Analysis using IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) revealed critical functions and pathways related to EIF2, eIF4, p70S6K and mTOR signaling, protein ubiquitination pathway and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Among all the identified binding candidates, we also found proteasome subunits, which could explain the impact of overexpression on sensitivity to bortezomib. To verify whether 14-3-3ζ can directly interact with the proteasome, we performed a His pull down assay using purified His-14-3-3ζ and LP1 cell lysate. We found that 14-3-3ζ can bind the 11S proteasome activator, PA28α. Using our LP1 14-3-3ζ overexpression stable cell line, we also confirmed the interaction between 14-3-3ζ and PA28α. Further experiments using native gel electrophoresis and western blot revealed more proteasome complexes formation in LP1 14-3-3ζ knockdown cells, suggesting 14-3-3ζ may regulate the function of proteasome through modulating proteasome assembly. In summary, 14-3-3ζ expression appeared to be critical for MM cell proliferation, and may influence sensitivity to proteasome inhibition by its interaction with proteasome subunits. Our data provides invaluable information on the molecular mechanism of resistance to proteasome inhibitor in MM and also helps to develop new strategies to overcome proteasome resistance. Given the importance of 14-3-3ζ overexpression among the high risk cohort of MM patients, 14-3-3ζ represents an important therapeutic target in high risk MM. Disclosures: Kaufman: Millenium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy. Lonial: Millennium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy.
BARD1 nonsense variant c.1921C>T in a patient with recurrent breast cancer

One of the strongest risk factors predisposing patients to breast cancer is a positive family history. In our study, we describe a patient diagnosed with multiple breast cancer tumors. Genetic analysis revealed a pathogenic variant in BARD1, which is associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
Spatially Resolved Mapping of Endogenous Proteins and RNA in Living Cells

I will describe our efforts to build molecular tools for studying mitochondria and the synapse in living cells and tissue. These might include tools for proteomic mapping, transcriptomic mapping, and/or neural circuit mapping.
A validation/evaluation of five postoperative prognostic tools for prostate cancer

5117 Background: Prognostic nomograms, scoring tools, and risk tables are rapidly accumulating in the prostate cancer (PCa) literature. It is not always clear to whom these tools should apply and h...
Optimized power management circuit for RF energy harvesting system

For many years, RF wireless harvesting systems have been investigated, but only a few of RF sources have been able to generate sufficient energy that can be used as feasible source for ultra low power applications. However, most of power management systems are not efficient at ultra low power sources like RF sources due to power consumption in control circuitry. The solution for this issue can be either power consumption reduction which is limited by physical constraints or another energy source in order to harvest enough power able to deliver it to the load. This Paper presents an optimized power management circuit to improve the efficiency of DC-DC converter, this is accomplished using particle swarm optimization technique, where the converter efficiency is used as the fitness function and inductor and on-time are chosen as optimized parameters. This design improves the DC-DC converter efficiency and the efficiency of optimized power management circuit by 9.25% comparing with conventional power management circuits over a wide range of input power, allowing harvesting more power from RF sources and delivering it to load. This approach is not limited to ultra low power applications; it can easily be extended in portable applications to extend the battery life.
Poster Abstract: Improving RGB-D SLAM Using Wi-Fi

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the process of learning about both the environment and about a robot's location with respect to the environment and is essential for robots to autonomously navigate. A variety of algorithms using many different sensors such as RGB-D cameras, laser range finders, ultrasonic sensors and others have been proposed to perform SLAM. However, these algorithms face common challenges are that of computational complexity, wrong loop closure detection and failure to localize correctly when robot loses state (kidnapped robot problem). In this work, we utilize Wi-Fi signal strength sensing to aid the SLAM process in indoor environments and address the challenges mentioned above.
Entering the molecular era of gastrointestinal oncology: current updates and challenges

Cancer diagnosis and treatment drastically improved during the molecular era. The past four decades of intense research have unveiled key dysregulated genetic or signaling events that drive specific cancer types. As such, biologics as a class of therapeutic agents that target these critical signaling events, have become a major focus in the development of anti-cancer drugs.