cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiexciton absorption and multiple exciton generation in CdSe quantum dots.

Efficient multiple-exciton generation (MEG) in semiconductor quantum dots has been recently reported. The MEG efficiency has so far been evaluated assuming that the change (bleaching) of the absorption spectrum due to MEG is linearly proportional to the number of excitons ${N}_{X}$. Here, we critically examine this assumption using atomistic pseudopotential calculations for colloidal CdSe nanocrystals. We find that the bleaching of the first absorption peak depends nonlinearly on ${N}_{X}$, due to carrier-carrier interactions. This nonlinearity mandates an upper bound of 1.5 to the value of the normalized bleaching that can be attributed to MEG, significantly smaller than the limit of 2.0 predicted by the linear scaling assumption. Thus, measured values of the normalized bleaching in excess of 1.5 cannot be due entirely to MEG, but must originate in part from other mechanisms.
Transient Simulation of Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits using SPICE

Accurate simulation of transient electrical behavior of heterojunction optoelectronic devices under realistic operating conditions is becoming an increasingly important concern in Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit (OEIC) design and optimization. We describe a method for simulating the OEICs, which may involve common electronic devices with well-established lumped element representations as well as heterojunction optoelectronic devices which require device level analysis, in a single simulation environment.
Ḣarim and Ḣijab: Seclusive and exclusive aspects of traditional Muslim dwelling and dress

Abstract Architectural constructs of the family dwelling and styles of women's outer garments for public wear are intricately intertwined with the sociocultural framework within which both women and men function. Although conventionally regarded as restrictions on women's free movement in society, it is also apparent that in the Muslim world dwelling and dress may be, and indeed are, used to advantage by women as a means of retaining privacy from male intrusion and for exerting power in a society ostensibly controlled by men.
Effects of voluntary exercise on immune function in rats

Abstract We investigated effects of voluntary wheel running on specific antibody responses to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in adult male rats. Each subject was placed in a running wheel for 12 h daily during the dark portion of the light cycle for a total of 8 weeks. For experimental animals the wheels rotated freely, enabling subjects to exercise at will, while for control animals the wheels were prevented from rotating. Subjects were immunized with KLH (25 μg) 5 weeks into the study, and blood samples were collected intermittently from the tail for 3 weeks and later assayed for anti-KLH antibody levels. At the end of the study, subjects were sacrificed and spleens were dissected and assayed for lymphocyte proliferative responses to the mitogen Concanavalin A. Exercised rats gained less weight and had higher splenic proliferative responses than control rats; however, there were no significant group differences in anti-KLH antibody levels.
Perception of visual temporal patterns by deaf and hearing adults

The performance of deaf and hearing college students was compared in a same-different task involving visual temporal patterns. The results showed equivalent performance for the two groups. For both deaf and hearing subjects, hierarchically simple patterns were easier than more complex patterns, which is consistent with a model of temporal pattern perception proposed by Martin (1972).
Ceramic Processing using Inorganic Polymers

Inorganic polymers are used in the formation of green compacts via sedimentation of colloidal alumina suspended in chloroform. Polymers containing highly polar components tend to produce constant density profiles of greater than 55% density, while those containing nonpolar, reactive components produce profiles with a large gradient in packing density. Density profiles describing the sedimentation behavior versus time and the final dried density of the compacts are generated via the use of gamma-ray densitometry. These polymers have the potential not only to increase green compact density but also to reduce weight losses due to "burnout" and subsequent sintering requirements by pyrolyzing to a ceramic phase.
Animal Models of Plasticity and Sensory Substitution

At the conference on spatial prostheses, which provided the stimulus for the current volume, it became clear that the interests and goals of participants went beyond simply developing effective technology for sensory substitution devices, and that some of the research objectives might be met through the development of animal models to study both the effectiveness and the effects of use of sensory substitution devices. Sensory substitution research is rapidly becoming a multidisciplinary effort to understand the nature of brain and behavioral relationships subsequent to sensory loss, the mechanisms underlying CNS plasticity, and the principles of perceptual development, with the goal of directing or manipulating sensory plasticity to produce functionally effective compensation for a sensory deficit. This comment considers the use of sensory substitution devices as research tools in the development of animal models of the basic processes underlying brain and behavioral plasticity, particularly those properties which are related to sensory processing.
Optimal control architecture selection for thermal control of buildings

The problem of partitioning a building into clusters is considered in this paper, with reference to its decentralized thermal control. Optimal control schemes for these systems are often centralized and address both the thermal comfort and energy efficiency requirements. However, due to robustness considerations, a decentralized architecture may be preferred for large scale systems, which is at best sub-optimal. Therefore, the ‘degree of decentralization’ governs the trade-off between optimality and robustness. This paper proposes a combinatorial optimization based systematic methodology for obtaining an optimal degree of decentralization on the basis of two metrics - one for optimality (defined as Coupling Loss Factor) and one for robustness (defined as Mean Cluster Size). The methodology was evaluated on a building model and results were found to be in agreement with the physics of the underlying thermal interactions.
Adjustment of the Rat to 23-, 47-, and 71-Hour Water-Deprivation Schedules:

This experiment examined the adjustment of rats to three different schedules of water-deprivation. Three groups of animals were placed on either 23-hr. deprivation (1 hr. of water every day), 47-hr. deprivation (1 hr. of water every second day), or 71-hr. deprivation (1 hr. of water every third day) for an 18-day period. A non-deprived control group was also employed. Body weight, as well as weight gain and water intake during the time when water was available, were recorded and treated as measures of adjustment. The results showed that rats adjust to the 23-hr. schedule in 2 to 3 days and to the 47-hr. schedule in 10 to 12 days. Animals on the 71-hr. schedule approached, but did not reach, adjustment; however, projection of the weight and intake trends for these Ss suggested that rats can adjust to this schedule in 27 to 30 days.
Treating Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficients as Data in Counseling Research:

Scientific associations and measurement experts in psychology and education have voiced various standards and best-practice recommendations concerning reliability data over the years. Yet in the counseling psychology literature, there is virtually no single-source compilation and articulation of good practices for reporting, analyzing, and interpreting reliability to guide applied researchers intending to use scales rather than develop them. Therefore, focusing on Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency reliability estimates, this article (a) defines and provides rationales for seven broad categories of good practices for reporting, analyzing, interpreting, and using reliability data and (b) illustrates some pragmatic strategies for implementing the good practices with respect to reliability data in quantitative studies involving already-developed scales. The authors’ recommendations for good rather than best practices acknowledge that additional or alternative practices may be required when scale developme...
HIV/AIDS Course Content in CSWE-Accredited Social Work Programs: A Survey of Current Curricular Practices

The authors surveyed program directors at all bachelor of social work and master of social work programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education using an online tool that assessed whether and how their respective social work programs are covering content related to HIV/AIDS. Of the 650 program directors, 153 (24%) participated in the survey. Programs reported coverage of HIV/AIDS content in various foundation content areas, including human behavior in the social environment, populations at risk, and social work practice. The authors also surveyed use of various pedagogical methods, and respondents reported the most use of guest speakers, lectures, and readings in delivering HIV/AIDS content. More than 70% of bachelor and master of social work programs reported having at least 1 field placement specific to HIV/AIDS. In addition, the authors evaluated social work textbooks for specific content on social work with HIV/AIDS, and recommendations are made for inclusion of more HIV/AIDS specific content.
Correlating real-time monitoring data for mobile network management

With a proliferation of new mobile data services, the complexity of wireless mobile networks is rapidly growing. While large amount of operational monitoring data such as performance measurement statistics is available, it is a great challenge to correlate such data effectively for real time performance analysis. Meantime, the dynamics of mobile applications and environments introduce another dimension of complexity for us to track the evolving system status. In this paper, we analyze the spatial and temporal correlations of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to track and interpret the operational status of wide-area cellular systems. We first correlate large number of raw measurements into limited number of KPIs. Further we exploit spatial and temporal correlations of these KPIs for cellular network management. We use large volume of field data collected from real cellular systems in our analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that it is promising to build a real-time data management and support system by effectively correlating KPIs.
Lidocaine in Cardiac Resuscitation from Ventricular Fibrillation

The interruption of ventricular fibrillation following coronary occlusion in dogs was effected with the use of lidocaine. This technic caused no obvious sequelae and the recurrence of fibrillation was rare. It was used successfully in both normothermic and hypothermic animals although the proportion of successful resuscitations was less in the latter group.
Sensitivity analysis of biological Boolean networks using information fusion based on nonadditive set functions

An algebraic method for information fusion based on nonadditive set functions is used to assess the joint contribution of Boolean network attributes to the sensitivity of the network to individual node mutations. The node attributes or characteristics under consideration are: in-degree, out-degree, minimum and average path lengths, bias, average sensitivity of Boolean functions, and canalizing degrees. The impact of node mutations is assessed using as target measure the average Hamming distance between a non-mutated/wild-type network and a mutated network. We find that for a biochemical signal transduction network consisting of several main signaling pathways whose nodes represent signaling molecules (mainly proteins), the algebraic method provides a robust classification of attribute contributions. This method indicates that for the biochemical network, the most significant impact is generated mainly by the combined effects of two attributes: out-degree, and average sensitivity of nodes. The results support the idea that both topological and dynamical properties of the nodes need to be under consideration. The algebraic method is robust against the choice of initial conditions and partition of data sets in training and testing sets for estimation of the nonadditive set functions of the information fusion procedure.
Methyl Parathion Residue in Cotton and Polyester Functionally Finished Fabrics After Laundering and Abrasion

A number of researchers have reported the contribution of laundering factors including temperature, detergents, laundry aids, and drying conditions on residue of pesticides in protective apparel fa...
Race-related Healthcare Disparities Among California Workers: Public Health Considerations for Immigration Reform

Abstract Background Healthcare disparities are prevalent in medicine and identifying them will provide healthcare professionals, administrators, and policy makers needed information to address this public health concern. Objective To evaluate racial and ethnic disparities in the rates of hospital admission and death among California workers. Methods We performed an analysis of hospital and emergency department (ED) data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD). Data was collected from California licensed acute care hospitals from 2008−2010. Inclusion criteria: patients >15 years of age whose expected source of payment was worker’s compensation. Exclusion criteria: patients Results There were 393,298 patients discharged from the ED and 23,343 patients admitted from ED had workers compensation as their expected sources of payment and 150,277 met our inclusion criteria. The annual rate of ED treated injuries was 209/100,000 for Caucasians 343/100,000 for Hispanics, 258/100,000 for blacks and 97/100,000 for Asians. Compared to Caucasians, admission odds ratios (OR) were 1.15 (95% CI 1.07–1.25) for Hispanics, 1.08 (95% CI 0.87–1.33) for blacks, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.63–0.97) for Asians. Conclusion We observed race and ethnicity related healthcare disparities among the occupationally injured in California, with Hispanics having the highest odds of admission and annual incidence of ED treated injuries. No difference in mortality rates was observed.
Reply to Aaron M. Potretzke, Jeffrey A. Larson and Sam B. Bhayani's Letter to the Editor re: R. Houston Thompson, Tom Atwell, Grant Schmit, et al. Comparison of Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses. Eur Urol 2015;67:252–9

The grade for the level of evidence supporting the last statement was an A [1]. Our experience with cT1 renal masses differs from the guideline statements, and we sought to compare percutaneous ablation with the reference standard of care, namely partial nephrectomy (PN) [2]. We agree that longer follow-up is needed, and perhaps with additional investigation, endpoints such as cancerspecific survival can be appropriately compared. Moreover, as stated in our paper, we hope our results demonstrate the need for a prospective randomized trial [2]. Nevertheless, there are two commentsmade by Potretzke et al. that we would particularly like to address. The first is that ‘‘RFA [radiofrequency ablation] is a notably inferior technology to cryoablation, PN, or RN [radical nephrectomy].’’Wedonot believe our results support this statement, and in factweobserved similar local recurrence-free survival among cT1a patients treated with RFA, cryoablation, and PN [2]. In our experience, bleeding complications from RFA are reduced compared with cryoablation [3], and when used appropriately, RFA has a role in the treatment armamentarium for small (<3 cm) and peripheral renal masses. Second, the notion that our manuscript contributes to the ‘‘death of PN era’’ is simply not our intention, nor do we interpret our results this way. Indeed, wewere one of the first institutions to show a renal functional advantage [4] and an overall survival advantage [5] for PN compared with RN, and have continued todocument the advantagesof PN, even for benign renal masses [6], and have further supported PN using a meta-analysis that included the EORTC 30904 trial [7]. The vast majority of cT1a renal masses treated at Mayo Clinic Rochester are managed with PN, as are the majority of cT1b renalmasses [8].We believe our data demonstrate that PN is associated with outstanding oncologic outcomes, allows for completepathologic evaluationof the tumor, andreduces the need and frequency for postoperative imagingwith contrast; however,we also believe our data support that percutaneous ablation is amore reasonable alternative treatmentmodality than current clinical guidelines suggest [1,9].
Septopreoptic μ Opioid Receptor Mediation of Hindbrain Glucoprivic Inhibition of Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function in the Female Rat

Central glucostasis is a critical monitored variable in neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary LH secretion. Glucoprivic signals originating within the caudal hindbrain suppress LH. Septopreoptic μ opioid receptors (μ-R) function within neural pathways maintaining basal LH levels and mediate the effects of diverse physiological stimuli on hormone release. To identify potential sites in the septopreoptic area where ligand neuromodulatory actions may occur in response to hindbrain glucoprivic signaling, the present studies evaluated the distribution of μ-R-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the septopreoptic area that are genomically activated in response to caudal fourth ventricular (CV4) delivery of the glucose antimetabolite, 5-thioglucose (5TG). The effects of lateral ventricular pretreatment with the selective μ-R antagonist, d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), on LH secretory and GnRH neuronal transcriptional responses to hindbrain glucoprivation were also evaluated. Estradiol benzoate- and p...
HEMOPROTEIN(S) MEDIATE BLUE LIGHT DAMAGE IN THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM

In order to elucidate the mechanisms of blue light damage on ocular tissues, the transepithelial transport, electrical characteristics and ultrastructural properties of irradiated isolated bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were investigated. Blue light (430 nm) irradiation at 20 mW/cm2 significantly reduced the transepithelial potential and short circuit current of RPE. During blue light exposure, a decrease in chloride transport was observed, and this decrease appeared to be closely coupled to changes in the electrical properties of the pigment epithelium. A decrease in leucine transport was also noted, but the effect required 10-30 min of exposure to be manifested on some occasions. Utilizing the observed depolarizing effect of blue light, an action spectrum was determined which encompasses the absorption spectrum of the oxidized and reduced forms of cytochrome c oxidase. O2 uptake studies on isolated pigment epithelial cells verified the reduction of respiration by exposure to blue light, which is observed in other cells. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the major cytopathology observed up to 60 min after blue light exposure was a blistering of the mitochondria which progressed to a swollen, disrupted state within the post irradiation period of 1 h. Comparison of these results with those of other studies suggests that the mechanism of UV-A damage differs substantially from that of blue light.
Constructing Graphical Representations: Middle Schoolers' Intuitions and Developing Knowledge About Slope and Y-intercept

Middle-school students are expected to understand key components of graphs, such as slope and y-intercept. However, constructing graphs is a skill that has received relatively little research attention. This study examined students' construction of graphs of linear functions, focusing specifically on the relative difficulties of graphing slope and y-intercept. Sixth-graders' responses prior to formal instruction in graphing reveal their intuitions about slope and y-intercept, and seventh- and eighth-graders' performance indicates how instruction shapes understanding. Students' performance in graphing slope and y-intercept from verbally presented linear functions was assessed both for graphs with quantitative features and graphs with qualitative features. Students had more difficulty graphing y-intercept than slope, particularly in graphs with qualitative features. Errors also differed between contexts. The findings suggest that it would be valuable for additional instructional time to be devoted to y-intercept and to qualitative contexts.
Mass Production of Room Temperature Single Electron Transistors using Step & Flash Imprint Lithography and Lift-Off Technique

We report the use of step & flash imprint lithography reverse tone (SFIL-RTM) and liftoff technique to fabricate sub-100 nm metal nano-wires as the electrodes for room temperature single electron transistors (RT-SET). The optimized process flow was performed on approximately 300 imprints, for a total of 714,000 devices. Each imprinted device contains drain/source/gate electrodes. Multiple electrode geometries were designed to explore the impact of device parameters. Following electrode formation, Tungsten quantum dots (QD) were formed using a novel focus ion beam (FIB) deposition technique, resulting in room temperature single electron transistor (RT-SET) devices. The RT-SET devices are tested using a Keithley 4200-SCS semiconductor parametric analyzer.
Concurrent Cholesky factorization of positive definite banded Hermitian‐matrices

First, the Cholesky factorization is extended to cover uniformly partitioned banded positive definite matrices of rank n which may be real symmetric or Hermitian. Then, two stratagems are given for the use of the algorithm in concurrent machines where the number of processing elements is less than required to factor the matrix in as few serial steps as possible, and where uniformly high efficiency is expected from all processing elements. Expressions are given for the efficiency factor e appearing in the speed-up expression q = eN, and these are specialized for the N node hypercube machine as a function of partition size s, the number N of processing elements of the hypercube machine, and the cost mu of interelement transmission relative to computation. It is shown that the efficiency factor e is inversely proportional to mu/s, and that e is almost independent of N when N is large and mu/s = 0. The task is completed in n/s serial steps with no limit on n. The half bandwidth b of the matrix is 2 Ns.
Effect of vaginal self-sampling on cervical cancer screening rates: a community-based study in Newfoundland

Cervical cancer is highly preventable and treatable if detected early through regular screening. Women in the Canadian province of Newfoundland & Labrador have relatively low rates of cervical cancer screening, with rates of around 40 % between 2007 and 2009. Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer, and HPV testing, including self-sampling, has been suggested as an alternative method of cervical cancer screening that may alleviate some barriers to screening. Our objective was to determine whether offering self-collected HPV testing screening increased cervical cancer screening rates in rural communities. During the 2-year study, three community-based cohorts were assigned to receive either i) a cervical cancer education campaign with the option of HPV testing; ii) an educational campaign alone; iii) or no intervention. Self-collection kits were offered to eligible women at family medicine clinics and community centres, and participants were surveyed to determine their acceptance of the HPV self-collection kit. Paired proportions testing for before-after studies was used to determine differences in screening rates from baseline, and Chi Square analysis of three dimensional 2 × 2 × 2 tables compared the change between communities. Cervical cancer screening increased by 15.2 % (p < 0.001) to 67.4 % in the community where self-collection was available, versus a 2.9 % increase (p = 0.07) in the community that received educational campaigns and 8.5 % in the community with no intervention (p = 0.193). The difference in change in rates was statistically significant between communities A and B (p < 0.001) but not between communities A and C (p = 0.193). The response rate was low, with only 9.5 % (168/1760) of eligible women opting to self-collect for HPV testing. Of the women who completed self-collection, 15.5 % (26) had not had a Pap smear in the last 3 years, and 88.7 % reported that they were somewhat or very satisfied with self-collection. Offering self-collected HPV testing increased the cervical cancer screening rate in a rural NL community. Women who completed self-collection had generally positive feelings about the experience. Offering HPV self-collection may increase screening compliance, particularly among women who do not present for routine Pap smears.
Spontaneous giving and calculated greed

Economic games are used to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying cooperative behaviour, and show that intuition supports cooperation in social dilemmas, whereas reflection can undermine these cooperative impulses. Many people are willing to make sacrifices for the common good, but little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that underlie such cooperative behaviour. In economic experiments subjects often contribute cooperatively against what rational self-interest should dictate. This study uses a series of ten varied experimental designs, including both one-shot and repeated games, to establish whether we are intuitively predisposed to cooperate or to act selfishly. And it seems our gut response is to cooperate — but given more time to think the logic of self-interest undermines collective action and we become less generous. Cooperation is central to human social behaviour1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. However, choosing to cooperate requires individuals to incur a personal cost to benefit others. Here we explore the cognitive basis of cooperative decision-making in humans using a dual-process framework10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. We ask whether people are predisposed towards selfishness, behaving cooperatively only through active self-control; or whether they are intuitively cooperative, with reflection and prospective reasoning favouring ‘rational’ self-interest. To investigate this issue, we perform ten studies using economic games. We find that across a range of experimental designs, subjects who reach their decisions more quickly are more cooperative. Furthermore, forcing subjects to decide quickly increases contributions, whereas instructing them to reflect and forcing them to decide slowly decreases contributions. Finally, an induction that primes subjects to trust their intuitions increases contributions compared with an induction that promotes greater reflection. To explain these results, we propose that cooperation is intuitive because cooperative heuristics are developed in daily life where cooperation is typically advantageous. We then validate predictions generated by this proposed mechanism. Our results provide convergent evidence that intuition supports cooperation in social dilemmas, and that reflection can undermine these cooperative impulses.
Conservation laws and null divergences

1. Conservation laws For a system of partial differential equations, the existence of appropriate conservation laws is often a key ingredient in the investigation of its solutions and their properties. Conservation laws can be used in proving existence of solutions, decay and scattering properties, investigation of singularities, analysis of integrability properties of the system and so on. Representative applications, and more complete bibliographies on conservation laws, can be found in references [7], [8], [12], [19]. The more conservation laws known for a given system, the more tools available for the above investigations. Thus a complete classification of all conservation laws of a given system is of great interest. Not many physical systems have been subjected to such a complete analysis, but two examples can be found in [11] and [14]. The present paper arose from investigations ([15], [16]) into the conservation laws of the equations of elasticity.
Workers' Councils and Political Stratification: The Yugoslav Experience

Many students of citizen participation claim that one solution to the problem of political inequality in liberal democracies lies in the establishment of direct participatory channels in decentralized socioeconomic and political institutions similar to those found in Yugoslavia. Others argue that the availability of participatory channels in the workplace leads to the domination of these channels by a technocratic elite. Still other students of participation in Yugoslavia claim that participatory channels are dominated by the political elite, the League of Communists.In this paper, we examine this set of conflicting hypotheses by using data which come from an extensive survey of participatory activities in four Yugoslav republics. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that workers' councils open channels for a more technocratically oriented participation. When it comes to other kinds of activity, affiliation with the League is more important than socioeconomic or professional status in determining who participates. But because League members come disproportionately from upper-status groups, there is not a marked difference in the extent to which membership in workers' councils and participation in other kinds of activity are biased in favor of the advantaged segments of Yugoslav society. In each case, but for different reasons, it is the upper-status citizen who is likely to be active.
A closed form solution for an unorthodox trigonometric integral

A closed form solution for the trigonometric integral [image omitted] is presented in this article. The result will fill the gap in another trigonometric integral [image omitted], which is neglected by most of the calculus textbooks due to its foreseeable unorthodox solution procedure comparing to the other three cases in [image omitted] when m is even or n is odd.
Core indicators of nutritional state for difficult-to-sample populations

The report provides an introduction to the concept of nutritional state and the components that must be considered in identifying core indicators for its assessment in difficult-to-sample populations. These components include food security, nutritional concerns, survey coverage, and sampling concerns. Core indicators of nutritional state are suggested in the context of the purposes for which the data are to be used
Neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant treatment of Siewert type II gastroesophageal junction cancer: an analysis of data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry.

Background: Cancer of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) has been rising in incidence in recent years. The role of radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of GEJ cancer remains unclear, as the largest prospective trials advocating for either adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combine GEJ cancer with either gastric or esophageal cancer. The aim of the present study is to examine the association of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant treatment with overall and disease-specific survival (DSS) for patients with surgically resected cancer of the true GEJ (Siewert type II). Methods: The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry database (2001-2011) was queried for cases of surgically resected Siewert type II GEJ cancer. A total of 1,497 patients with resectable GEJ cancer were identified, with 746 receiving adjuvant RT and 751 receiving neoadjuvant RT. Retrospective analysis was performed with the endpoints of overall and DSS. Results: Using cox regression and controlling for independent covariates (age, sex, race, stage, grade, histology, and year of diagnosis), we showed that adjuvant RT was associated with a significantly lower death risk [hazard ratio (HR), 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.73-0.97; P value=0.0168] and significantly lower disease-specific death risk (HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.97; P value=0.0211) as compared to neoadjuvant RT. Conclusions: This analysis of SEER data showed that adjuvant RT was associated with a survival benefit as compared to neoadjuvant RT for the treatment of Siewert type II GEJ cancer. We suggest future prospective studies to compare outcomes of adjuvant versus neoadjuvant treatment for true GEJ cancer.
A motivation and generalization of scott's notion of a continuous lattice

In [6], Scott introduced continuous lattices as the correct setting for an abstract theory of computation. The motivation and definition of continuous lattices was primarily in topological terms. In [7], Scott discussed continuous lattices primarily from a topological point of view. However, buried in [7] is an indication (without proof) of how to approach continuous lattices from a purely order-theoretic perspective. This order-theoretic approach seems to have escaped the notice of most computer scientists. We develop this approach in the more general setting of chain-complete posets and offer some arguments in support of the thesis that "continuous posets" (chain-complete posets with a basis) are the proper setting for an abstract theory of computation. Our definition of basis also generalizes that used by Markowsky and Rosen [5]. Finally, we discuss a number of constructions which construct posets with a basis from posets with bases.
Retrolental fibroplasia and factors influencing oxygen transport.

The hospital records of 58 premature infants in whom proliferative retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) developed were matched with the records of 58 infants without RLF for birth weight, gestational age, and duration of oxygen therapy. The two groups were compared for factors likely to influence tissue delivery of oxygen by blood. No significant difference was found in incidence of blood transfusions or exchange transfusions, use of phototherapy, or occurrence of acidosis.
Synchronous Drosophila circadian pacemakers display nonsynchronous Ca2+ rhythms in vivo

In Drosophila, molecular clocks control circadian rhythmic behavior through a network of ~150 pacemaker neurons. To explain how the network’s neuronal properties encode time, we performed brainwide calcium imaging of groups of pacemaker neurons in vivo for 24 hours. Pacemakers exhibited daily rhythmic changes in intracellular Ca2+ that were entrained by environmental cues and timed by molecular clocks. However, these rhythms were not synchronous, as each group exhibited its own phase of activation. Ca2+ rhythms displayed by pacemaker groups that were associated with the morning or evening locomotor activities occurred ~4 hours before their respective behaviors. Loss of the receptor for the neuropeptide PDF promoted synchrony of Ca2+ waves. Thus, neuropeptide modulation is required to sequentially time outputs from a network of synchronous molecular pacemakers.
Unveiling residual stresses in air plasma spray coatings by digital image correlation

Abstract We report a new three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) based method for in-situ probing of the residual stresses in air plasma spray (APS) coatings. The inherent surface texture and coloration of APS coatings enabled extraction of surface profiles with accuracies of better than ± 8.8 μ m . The residual stress history of a three-layer thermal barrier coating system (TBC) was obtained experimentally by 3D-DIC curvature measurements from 22 to 800 °C coupled with a newly developed residual stress model for multilayered TBC systems. The residual stress in TBC systems was released in an observed linear trend through 800 °C. Anomalous increases in curvature and residual stress upon heating between temperatures of 800 °C and 900 °C were partially caused by expansive tetragonal to monoclinic ( t → m ) phase transformation within the partially stabilized zirconia top coat. A coupled stress–temperature dependent mechanism was used to uncover the phase transformation induced stresses. The technique opens up new opportunities for monitoring the residual stress development in manufacturing and operation of coatings, thin films, and structures of dissimilar materials.
How to create a clinical data station for use in a high fidelity medical simulation lab.

INTRODUCTION: Many advances have been made in the capabilities of high-fidelity medical simulators such that they have become increasingly more life-like. To create a more life-like experience, it is important to incorporate into the simulation environment as many features found in the real life setting as possible. One of these features is the delivery of diagnostic information. METHODS: We have assembled a very cost-effective data station that allows for the real-time delivery of laboratory values, electrocardiograms, and radiologic studies in a manner which is most similar to that which exists in real Emergency Departments. RESULTS: This data station allows for a more realistic simulated patient encounter. It helps participants hone skills involved in radiographic interpretation using an interface found in the hospital. It also facilitates smooth flow of events by streamlining the delivery of laboratory and electrocardiographic data. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing this data station has allowed us to increase the efficiency of our scenarios, improve participant satisfaction, and offer some additional practice at interpreting data as it would be viewed in the hospital.
Seasonal Parasitism Rates, Host Size, and Adult Emergence Pattern of Parasitoids of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), with Emphasis on Ophion flavidus Brulle (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Eight species of parasitoids were reared from fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae. The ichneumonid Ophion flavidus Brulle was the most common species, parasitizing 3.8% of host larvae, and Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) parasitized 2.5% of hosts. O. flavidus primarily used medium and large larvae, while A. marmoratus was recovered from small, medium, and large larvae in ca. equal percentages. O. flavidus adults emerged ca. 9 days after their hosts and A. marmoratus emerged 4 to 15 days after the hosts. Winthemia rufopicta Bigot adult emergence coincided with host adult emergence. In laboratory studies conducted on O. flavidus at 26 ±C, mean times were: egg and larval period, 9.6 days; cocoon stage, 16.7 days; and adult stage, 11.3 days. Sex of O. flavidus offspring appeared to be determined by a haplodiploid mechanism, with mated females producing male and female offspring and unmated females producing only males.
Substrate-Independent Lattice Plasmon Modes for High-Performance On-Chip Plasmonic Sensors

We systematically study the lattice plasmon resonance structures, which are known as core/shell SiO2/Au nanocylinder arrays (NCAs), for high-performance, on-chip plasmonic sensors using the substrate-independent lattice plasmon modes (LPMs). Our finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal that new modes of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) show up when the height-diameter aspect ratio of the NCAs is increased. The height-induced LSPRs couple with the superstrate diffraction orders to generate the substrate-independent LPMs. Moreover, we show that the high wavelength sensitivity and the narrow linewidth of the substrate-independent LPMs lead to the plasmonic sensors with high figure of merit (FOM) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, the plasmonic sensors are robust in asymmetric environments for a wide range of working wavelengths. Our further study of both far- and near-field electromagnetic distribution in the NCAs confirms the height-enabled tunability of the plasmonic “hot spots” at the sub-nanoparticle resolution and the large field enhancement in the substrate-independent LPMs, which are responsible for the high FOM and SNR of the plasmonic sensors.
The Comparison of Plasmalyte and Normal Saline Used in Pediatric Neurosurgery Operation

Objective:To investigate the comparison of Plasmalyte and normal saline used in pediatric neurosurgery operation.Method:60 patients aged 3-6 years old and ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ were admitted for an elective operation of intracranial tumours and randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases for each group. Patients in the group A received kg×5 m L Plasmalyte therapy before induction, patients of the group B received kg×5 m L normal saline therapy before induction, supplemented the preoperative fasting that existence of mild or moderated low blood volume. Subsequently, the two groups respectively received fixed rate of physical requirement·h crystalloid, including Plasmalyte and normal saline, based on rule 4:2:1, to the end of the anesthesia. Besides that, Hydroxyethyl starch 6% therapy were given guided by the stroke volume variation(SVV) monitoring. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed before induction of anesthesia(T1), before dural opening(T2) and end of operation(T3). Arterial blood sample were taken to detect electrolytes, lactic acid, blood glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine and calculate serum osmolality at T1-3.Result:There were no significant differences in the time of operation, blood loss, fluid volume, urine volume, serum osmolality, blood glucose, and lactate concentrations of the two groups(P0.05). The group A had significantly increased serum p H value than the group B at T2(P0.05). The group A had significantly decreased chloride concentrations than the group B at T2,T3(P0.05).Conclusion:Plasmalyte which can avoid hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis compared with normal saline as well as not rising blood glucose and decreasing serum osmolality, is more suitable for pediatric patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.
Literature Review and Future Research Direction of Internal Drivers of Radical Innovation from a Resource-based View

Among types of innovations,radical innovation is the key to gaining competitive advantages and long-term development. The criteria of innovation types and the drivers of radical innovation are important for theoretical development and managerial implications. The study is conducted from a resource-based view. After the literature review of prior researches about radical innovation,the study explores the driving model of radical innovation about the key drivers in firms: strategic orientation,senior managers, organization structures,and cross-department factors. In the end,the study discusses the implications on product innovation theories in China and the research directions in the future.
Intrinsic and Thalamic Excitatory Inputs Onto Songbird LMAN Neurons Differ in Their Pharmacological and Temporal Properties

Boettiger, Charlotte A. and Allison J. Doupe. Intrinsic and thalamic excitatory inputs onto songbird LMAN neurons differ in their pharmacological and temporal properties. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2615–...
Uterine didelphys with concomitant renal anomalies in both mother and fetus

Abstract Uterine didelphys results from impaired fusion of the paired Mullerian ducts. The incidence of uterine anomalies is believed to be 0.5–2.0% of reproductive-age women, with didelphic uterus accounting for approximately 10%. Uterine didelphys is associated with renal agenesis in approximately 25% of cases. We present a case of didelphys uterus with a left solitary kidney in a mother whose female fetus also demonstrated uterine didelphys with right multicystic dysplastic kidney. This report highlights the significant contribution and complimentary role of fetal MRI in identifying fetal anomalies.
Hemostasis, inflammation, and fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease: long-term follow-up of the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) cohort.

Objective— This study examines the hypothesis that chronic inflammation is associated with a higher risk of cardiac death compared to the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Cardiac death and nonfatal MI events were identified in the ARIC cohort during follow-up from 1987 through 2001. Markers of inflammation and hemostasis were determined at baseline using standardized procedures. Cox proportional hazard regression and polytomous logistic regression were used to estimate associations. We observed a positive gradient in incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), nonsudden cardiac death (NSCD), and nonfatal MI in association with decreasing levels of albumin and increasing levels of white blood cell count and of markers of hemostasis (fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor VIIIc). Associations for von Willebrand factor were stronger for fatal relative to nonfatal events (3rd versus 1st tertile hazard ratios: SCD 3.11 [95% CI 2.10, 4.59], NSCD 2.12 [95% CI 1.28, 3.49], nonfatal MI 1.42 [95% CI 1.19, 1.70]). For factor VIIIc those associations were strongest for sudden cardiac death: SCD 3.16 (95% CI 2.18, 4.58), NSCD 1.44 (95% CI 0.93, 2.24), nonfatal MI 1.54 (95% CI 1.29, 1.84). Gradients of association for fibrinogen and white blood cell count, examined over tertiles of distribution and per one SD increase, were similar for the 3 end points. All associations were independent of smoking status. Conclusion— von Willebrand factor and factor VIIIc are associated with an increased risk of cardiac death as compared to the risk of nonfatal MI.
A. Closs, The Genius of the German Lyric, an Historic Survey of its Formal and Metaphysical Values: London, 1938. 478 pp.

(1940). A. Closs, The Genius of the German Lyric, an Historic Survey of its Formal and Metaphysical Values. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 236-236.
Outsourcing Politics: The Hostile Takeovers of Our Hollowed out Political Parties

In 2016, both the Republicans and Democrats experienced efforts at hostile takeover of their presidential campaigns. On the Republican side of the ledger, the takeover was successful and ultimately yielded the presidency of Donald Trump. The Democratic effort, by a candidate who never actually joined the party, was beaten back only after a long and bruising primary campaign. This article examines some of the sources of weakness of contemporary political parties that leave them less able to control their internal party selection processes, and that further hamper their ability to govern effectively. The key insight is taken from a view of the political party as a firm, following the pioneering work of Ronald Coase, and then to merge that onto the modern understanding of political parties as a precarious balance of the desires of the electoral faithful, the interests of the party apparatus, and the governance needs of the party’s elected officials. In effect, this paper joins the economic insights of Coase to the political analysis of V.O. Key. Historically, American political parties managed divergent interests by control over three critical political functions: access to campaign funding, delivery of patronage governmental positions, and control over the nomination process. Each of these functions has been compromised by legal reforms over the past century. With the inability to internalize control over critical organizational functions, the various constituencies of the modern political party have the choice to “buy not make,” in the language of modern firm economics. Over time, the external option has changed the dynamic of politics, as evident in the last presidential election. This article does not offer a simply story of redemption through reform. The political party of old would strike modern sensibilities as insufficiently transparent and inclusive. But in the absence of the coordinating role of the party, politics becomes more atomized, rhetoric hardens, and governance becomes more complicated.