cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Analysis of the Annual Daylighting Performance of a Middle School in North Carolina

This paper evaluates the measured annual daylighting performance of the Northern Guilford Middle School at Greensboro, North Carolina. A side-daylighting strategy that employs a unique curved interior translucent light-shelf is used in the classrooms. The measured average annual illuminance under clear sky conditions is about 100 foot-candles. However, there is great variation in the space illuminance from season to season. The building occupants react to this variation in ways that cannot be controlled and this ultimately determines how well the design works. Along with the annual measurements, two tests were performed on the side-lit design to determine the effects of individual design elements. The results from these experiments as well as those from the computer modeling of a typical classroom using the side-lit strategy at Northern Guilford are presented in this paper. These results may be extended to any day-lit space with an interior translucent element, located on similar latitude and a comparable solar radiation profile.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The mechanics of crystalline aggregate deformations

Abstract The homogeneous plastic distortion of an aggregate of face-centered cubic crystalline grains is examined theoretically using a hypothetical model similar in many respects to that considered earlier by G. I. Taylor. Both continuity and equilibrium demands are, however, fully satisfied in the present model in contrast with that of Taylor's which explicitly accounts only for continuity. In particular, each grain is assumed to take up the average stress and deformation of the entire aggregate. Physical considerations, together with the neglect of elasticity, are then shown to restrict the crystallographic shearings within the individual grains to make the entire grain deformation instead of just the strain portion as assumed in the Taylor theory. Yield strengths are calculated for the case of polycrystalline tubes subjected to combined tension and torsion loadings, and these are shown to be about 10 per cent greater than actual experimental measurements. The difference is concluded to be due primarily to the additional constraints imposed by the assumed homogeneous inelastic deformation.
Exact canonical decomposition of two-qubit operators in terms of CNOT

The canonical decomposition for two-qubit operators has proven very useful for applications in quantum computing. This decomposition generates equivalence classes up to local quantum gates. We provide a variety of complete, explicit decompositions of given two-qubit operators in terms of single, double, and triple controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. By analytically addressing the needed pre- and post-tensor product factors, we demonstrate that exact results are possible, even when a parameter is included. The examples given are of interest to superconducting qubit, spin-based, dipolar molecule, and other quantum information processing systems.
Effects of Microstegium Vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus on native woody species density and diversity in a productive mixed-hardwood forest in Tennessee

Abstract We investigated the impacts of Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, on the density and diversity of native woody species regeneration following canopy disturbance in a productive mixed-hardwood forest in southwest Tennessee. Field observations of M. vimineum in the forest understory pre- and post-canopy disturbance led us to believe the species might have an impact on post-disturbance regeneration. Specifically, we noticed what appeared to be a dramatic increase in post-disturbance M. vimineum which we hypothesized would compete with native woody species regeneration, negatively impacting species diversity and seedling density. Total native woody species stems per hectare declined with increasing M. vimineum cover ( P r 2 = 0.80). Simple species richness of native woody species and Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indecies also decreased with increasing M. vimineum percent cover ( P = 0.0023, r 2 = 0.47, P = 0.002, r 2 = 0.47 and P = 0.02, r 2 = 0.31, respectively). Our results indicate that M. vimineum , may have a negative impact on native woody species regeneration in southern forests.
Self-face recognition is affected by schizotypal personality traits.

The right cortical hemisphere appears to be important for processing self-face images and we have hypothesized that self-face processing is compromised in schizophrenia. As a way of testing this hypothesis, we investigated how reaction times to one's own face varied as a function of scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Left-hand reaction times to self-face images were positively correlated to scores on the SPQ. In addition, people who scored 20 or below on the SPQ showed shorter reaction times to self-face images than stranger faces when responding with their left-hand, whereas those who scored 21 or above on the SPQ showed a left-hand disadvantage. These results imply that self-face processing in the right hemisphere is impaired in individuals with schizotypal traits. Our data are the first to show that traits associated with a schizophrenic spectrum disorder in a non-clinical population may compromise self-face recognition.
Belatacept for prevention of acute rejection in adult patients who have had a kidney transplant: an update

In June 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration approved belatacept for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult kidney transplant recipients. This review discusses the use of belatacept for the prevention of acute rejection as part of a maintenance immunosuppression regimen. Belatacept is a selective costimulation blocker designed to provide effective immunosuppression while avoiding the toxicities associated with calcineurin inhibitors. Phase III trial data have demonstrated that belatacept is noninferior to cyclosporine in 1-year patient and allograft survival. Three-year data demonstrate an ongoing improvement in mean measured glomerular filtration rate in belatacept-treated versus cyclosporine-treated patients. However, the rate of acute rejection was higher in belatacept-treated patients compared with cyclosporine. Specifically, there was a higher incidence of Banff type II rejections in patients treated with belatacept. Despite the higher Banff grade, rejections on belatacept were not associated with other factors associated with poor outcomes, such as the development of donor-specific antibodies or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. One safety issue that must be considered when using belatacept is the potential for increased risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. There were more cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in belatacept-treated patients, especially in recipients seronegative for Epstein–Barr virus or patients treated with lymphocyte-depleting agents. Therefore, belatacept can be recommended for use in Epstein–Barr virus antibody-positive recipients.
ACTH-induced recovery of extinguished avoidance responding

In addition to prolonging the resistance to extinction of aversively motivated behavior, administration of ACTH at testing has been shown to alleviate retention deficits associated with several types of paradigms (e.g., retrograde amnesia, Kamin effect). To determine whether comparable recovery could be induced by ACTH with respect to a previously extinguished avoidance response, four experiments using rats were conducted. In each, decrements in avoidance responding produced by extinction were alleviated by exogenous ACTH. For three reasons, the observed effects of ACTH on rats’ avoidance behavior were judged to be on memory processes rather than simply an alteration in motor behavior. First, pretest administration of ACTH was effective in alleviating performance deficits after extinction in both active (Experiment 1) and passive (Experiments 2-4) avoidance tasks. Second, administration of ACTH had no effect on the behavior of shocked, but untrained, subjects (Experiment 3). Finally, the ACTH-induced recovery was relatively durable in that it persisted for at least 24 h (Experiments 3-4). This durability of the ACTH-induced recovery of avoidance was unexpected in terms of an interpretation emphasizing the state-dependent nature of the present paradigm. The data extend previous findings and are discussed in relation to other research on memory recovery.
Polyhomologation: The Living Polymerization of Ylides

The polymerization of dimethylsufoxonium methylide to produce linear polymethylene polymers is described. The reaction is catalyzed/initiated by trialkylboranes and gives organoboron star polymers as the primary product. The reaction is a living polymerization, providing control over molecular weight and functionality at the polymer chain ends. A variety of novel polymethylene architectures are available by this methodology.
Cadmium - a metallohormone?

Cadmium is a heavy metal that is often referred to as the metal of the 20th century. It is widely used in industry principally in galvanizing and electroplating, in batteries, in electrical conductors, in the manufacture of alloys, pigments, and plastics, and in the stabilization of phosphate fertilizers. As a byproduct of smelters, cadmium is a prevalent environmental contaminant. In the general population, exposure to cadmium occurs primarily through dietary sources, cigarette smoking, and, to a lesser degree, drinking water. Although the metal has no known physiological function, there is evidence to suggest that the cadmium is a potent metallohormone. This review summarizes the increasing evidence that cadmium mimics the function of steroid hormones, addresses our current understanding of the mechanism by which cadmium functions as a hormone, and discusses its potential role in development of the hormone dependent cancers.
Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of kappa opioid receptors: Effects on cocaine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions and seizure kindling

The present study used pharmacological and gene ablation techniques to examine the involvement of kappa opioid receptors (KOPr) in modulating the convulsant effects of two mechanistically different drugs: cocaine and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; GABA-A receptor antagonist) in mice. Systemic administration of the selective KOPr-1 agonist, U69593 (0.16-0.6mg/kg; s.c.), failed to modify cocaine-evoked convulsions or cocaine kindling. Similarly, no alteration in responsiveness to cocaine was observed in wild-type mice that received the selective KOPr-1 antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI; 5mg/kg) or in mice lacking the gene encoding KOPr-1. In contrast to cocaine, U69593 attenuated the seizures induced by acute or repeated PTZ administration. Nor-BNI decreased the threshold for PTZ-evoked seizures and increased seizure incidence during the initial induction of kindling relative to controls. Decreased thresholds for PTZ-induced seizures were also observed in KOPr-1 knock out mice. Together, these data demonstrate an involvement of endogenous KOPr systems in modulating vulnerability to the convulsant effects of PTZ but not cocaine. Furthermore, they demonstrate that KOPr-1 activation protects against acute and kindled seizures induced by this convulsant. Finally, the results of our study suggest that KOPr-1 antagonists will not have therapeutic utility against cocaine-induced seizures, while they may prove beneficial in attenuating several actions of cocaine that have been linked to its abuse.
Effects of salts on the size exclusion behavior of poly(ethylene glycol)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) forms complexes with salts in solutions. Size exclusion chromatography separates macromolecules according to their effective size in solution. In the present work, size exclusion chromatography was used to monitor the changes in the conformation of PEGs of average molecular weights of 8000, 3350, 1000 and 400 influenced by various ions in tetrahydrofuran solutions. Ammonium, barium, potassium and sodium iodides all caused the PEGs to contract and assume smaller effective sizes. The extent of the contraction depended on the concentration of the salt, each salt having a limiting concentration at which all PEGs eluted at the same retention time. Sodium bromide had an effect similar to that of the iodide except at lower concentrations. Lithium bromide had almost no influence on the effective size of the PEGs. The effect of salts on the conformation of PEGs in solution appears to be a combined cation/anion effect.
Toward a Cultural Contingency Model of Leadership

To succeed in today's economy, multinational and transnational organizations must have strong leaders who are versed in global leadership principles. Unfortunately, 85% of Fortune 500 executives re...
Reported Levels of Satisfaction and Frustration by Arizona School Counselors: A Desire for Greater Connections with Students in a Data-Driven Era.

A survey was designed to comprehensively assess multiple aspects of school counselor job satisfaction and job-related frustration, as well as orientation with the comprehensive curriculum-based guidance program used in Arizona. The five-page survey was completed by 155 Arizona school counselors. While the majority of respondents reported high levels of job satisfaction, the least satisfying aspects of their work involved working with district administrators, spending too much time in nonguidance activities, responding to crises, and utilizing excessive time in providing system support. Respondents' greatest levels of satisfaction involved direct interaction and engagement with students.
Contemporary sociology and the interpretation of Weber

Weber's stature as a sociologist is not generally a matter of dispute, nor is the quality or power of his great works. Of course, there are arguments about the reasonableness or validity of many of his claims, conflicts over interpretations of his works and the frameworks in which best to situate them, over his political role and views, his social and intellectual roots, his methodology, and so forth, but that is to be expected for a figure of such enormous intellectual significance, one whose influence on intellectual history generally and on the history of sociology specifically has been so great. There are, however, some other in some ways more urgent and timely matters of debate in scholarly circles that have direct and immediate bearing on the conduct of sociological research and inquiry, and it is these issues that I wish to address here.' First, there is the argument over the value, for empirical and theoretical research in sociology, of interpretive works on Weber or other social theorists. And second, there is the question of how, if at all, Weber's work and its concepts and results can be used fruitfully in contemporary sociological research.
Kinetics of permease catalyzed transport

Abstract The mathematical consequences of a model previously proposed (Koch, 1964) have been developed. The model assumes: (i) that the permease catalyzes the association of substrate with carrier; (ii) that the metabolic exergonic coupling is the active dissociation of the substrate: carrier complex on the inner side of the membrane; and (iii) that at least some of the efflux during steady state accumulation is through incomplete sites, which are deficient in energy coupling systems and/or permease. In addition to the facts which lead to its proposal, the analysis leads to the following conclusions which are much more general than just this particular model: (i) agents that inhibit an element of the transport system located on one side of the membrane will inhibit fluxes starting from that side of the membrane more than they will fluxes in the reverse direction; and (ii) for an active transport system, the effective Km for the flux away from the side where the accumulation is occurring will have a higher apparent Km than will the reverse process. Of more specific interest to the sugar transport systems, an explanation of the interesting experiments of Rotman & Guzman (1961) is proposed. These workers found that the rate of exit of galactose produced by the hydrolysis of a β-galactoside increased with internal concentrations of galactose more than linearly. The analysis shows that this could result from a mild metabolic energy deprivation at high fluxes.
POSTSYNTHETIC CONJUGATION OF PROTECTED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING 3'-ALKYLAMINES

The expansion of a highly efficient, convergent method for synthesizing 3‘-oligonucleotide conjugates is described. 3‘-Oligonucleotide conjugates containing amide or urea linkages between the oligonucleotide portion and the conjugated species were obtained by reacting protected oligonucleotides containing 3‘-alkylamines in aprotic organic solvents with carboxylic acid and isocyanate substrates, respectively. The protected oligonucleotides are obtained via standard automated synthesis on a photolabile solid-phase synthesis support. Excellent yields (83−100%) of bioconjugates were obtained using carboxylic acids and aryl isocyanates with as few as 5 molar equivalents of conjugation reagents relative to protected oligonucleotide. More moderate yields were obtained using alkyl isocyanates as substrates (70−88%). In addition, this method has proven to be useful for synthesizing complementary oligonucleotide−peptide conjugates from a single oligonucleotide, in which the polarity of the peptide with respect to t...
Foam separation of Escherichia Coli with a cationic surfactant

An experimental investigation of the foam separation of E. coli from distilled water suspension using a cationic surface-active agent, ethylhexadecyldimethyl-ammonium bromide (EHDA-Br) is presented. Results are evaluated in terms of total cell count, using a membrane filtration technique. Cell concentrations in the initial suspensions are varied from 5.0 × 105 to 1.0 × 108 cells/ml. Surfactant concentrations in the initial cell suspensions are varied from 0.015 to 0.040 mg./ml., and foaming times are varied from 2 to 20 min. The residual quantity of cells decreases exponentially with foaming time to about 0.02% of the initial quantity after 20 min. The cell enrichment ratio, varying from 10 to 1,000,000, is an inverse power function of the initial surfactant concentration and an exponential function of foaming time. Foaminess decreases with increasing initial cell concentrations, and for an initial surfactant concentration of 0.030 mg./ml., the residual cell concentration is a linear function of the initial cell concentration.
Is radiation-induced ovarian failure in rhesus monkeys preventable by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists?: Preliminary observations.

With the advent of cancer therapy, increasing numbers of cancer patients are achieving long term survival. Impaired ovarian function after radiation therapy has been reported in several studies. Some investigators have suggested that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) can prevent radiation-induced ovarian injury in rodents. Adult female rhesus monkeys were given either vehicle or Leuprolide acetate before, during, and after radiation. Radiation was given in a dose of 200 rads/day for a total of 4000 rads to the ovaries. Frequent serum samples were assayed for estradiol (E2) and FSH. Ovariectomy was performed later. Ovaries were processed and serially sectioned. Follicle count and size distribution were determined. Shortly after radiation started, E2 dropped to low levels, at which it remained, whereas serum FSH level, which was low before radiation, rose soon after starting radiation. In monkeys treated with a combination of LHRHa and radiation, FSH started rising soon after the LHRHa-...
The Air Force Academy Instructor Workstation (IWS): II. Effectiveness.

This article discusses the results of measuring the in-class effectiveness of a computer controlled instructor workstation (IWS). The IWS was used in an introductory calculus-based physics course. ...
Objective Color Values of Non-Frozen and Frozen Broiler Breasts and Thighs

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to measure objectively color differences in non-frozen and frozen (air blast and Freon immersion) broiler breasts and thighs. Frozen pieces were stored for 6 days at -23° C. and non-frozen for 6 days at 2° C. In the first experiment internal color was compared of non-frozen and frozen uncooked breast and thigh pieces. In the second experiment non-frozen and frozen breast and thigh pieces were water cooked (end-point temperature of 88° C.) prior to color evaluation. The third and fourth experiments compared objective color readings of non-frozen and frozen thigh pieces with the femur removed from half the samples. Uncooked thighs were objectively evaluated in the third experiment, and water cooked samples in the fourth. Uncooked frozen samples from Experiments 1 and 3 were thawed overnight at 2° C. prior to color evaluation. Frozen breast pieces were significantly darker than non-frozen when cooked. Frozen uncooked thighs were significantly darker and redder than non-frozen; frozen cooked thighs were significantly darker but not redder than non-frozen cooked thighs. Thighs with the femur removed prior to freezing and cooking were significantly lighter than thigh pieces frozen and cooked with femur intact. Total color difference values were calculated from the L, aL and bL values to demonstrate color differences between non-frozen and frozen, bone-in and bone-out pieces.
Ethanol Inhibition of Rabbit Reticulocyte Haem Synthesis at the Level of δ‐Aminolaevulinic Acid Synthetase

Summary. Ethanol inhibition of rabbit reticulocyte protein synthesis occurs as a result of a decrease in haem synthesis. The present study therefore was undertaken in order to localize the inhibitory site of ethanol on the haem biosynthetic pathway. Ethanol (0.05–0.15 m) inhibition of reticulocyte protein synthesis was prevented by simultaneous incubation with 0.025-i mmδ-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). Ethanol inhibited both 14C-glycine and 14C-ALA incorporation into haem. However, the extent of haem formation with 14C-ALA as substrate in the presence of ethanol was still equal to that when 14C-glycine was used. These data suggest that ethanol inhibits the haem synthetic pathway at several loci, but that the decrease in haem synthesis, responsible for the decrease in protein synthesis, is due to the inhibition at the rate-limiting enzyme, δ-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S). To confirm this, ALA-S activity was then directly measured in intact reticulocytes, and it was shown that ethanol indeed inhibited its activity. The inhibition of ALA-S was prevented by 10−4m dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) or theophylline, agents which elevate intracellular cAMP and which have previously been shown to prevent and reverse ethanol inhibition of haem and protein synthesis. Thus, it appears that cAMP protects against ethanol toxicity by preventing inhibition of ALA-S.
Quantum theory of three-junction flux qubit with non-negligible loop inductance: Towards scalability

The three-junction flux qubit (quantum bit) consists of three Josephson junctions connected in series on a superconducting loop. We present a numerical treatment of this device for the general case in which the ratio ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{Q}$ of the geometrical inductance of the loop to the kinetic inductance of the Josephson junctions is not necessarily negligible. Relatively large geometric inductances allow the flux through each qubit to be controlled independently with on-chip bias lines, an essential consideration for scalability. We derive the three-dimensional potential in terms of the macroscopic degrees of freedom, and include the possible effects of asymmetry among the junctions and of stray capacitance associated with them. To find solutions of the Hamiltonian, we use basis functions consisting of the product of two plane wave states and a harmonic oscillator eigenfunction to compute the energy levels and eigenfunctions of the qubit numerically. We present calculated energy levels for the relevant range of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{Q}$. As ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{Q}$ is increased beyond $0.5$, the tunnel splitting between the ground and first excited states decreases rapidly, and the device becomes progressively less useful as a qubit.
Resonance Structure for Preheating with Massless Fields

We extend recent work on the resonance structure for post-inflation reheating, providing an analytic treatment for models in which both the inflaton and the fields into which it decays are massless. Solutions are derived which are valid for either a spatially-flat or spatially-open metric. Closed-form solutions are given for the characteristic exponent, which measures the rate of particle production during preheating. It is demonstrated that in certain ranges of parameter space, the maximum values of the characteristic exponent in an open universe are several times greater than the maximum values in a spatially-flat universe. It is further demonstrated that the solutions found here by means of a simple algebraic construction match the two previously-known exact solutions, which were derived in terms of special functions.
Comparison of membrane fouling at constant flux and constant transmembrane pressure conditions

Abstract Membrane fouling is often characterized in the laboratory by flux decline experiments, where an increase in transport resistance due to accumulation of foulants on and/or in a membrane is manifested as a decrease in permeate flux with filtration time at fixed transmembrane pressure. However, many industrial microfiltration and ultrafiltration applications operate at constant permeate flux, and there are few reports comparing these modes of operation. In this study, emulsified oil fouling of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes was studied using both constant permeate flux and constant transmembrane pressure experiments. Mass transfer resistance changes during fouling were compared between constant flux experiments and constant transmembrane pressure experiments performed at an initial flux equal to the flux imposed during the constant flux experiment. At low fluxes, the transport resistance and its change with permeate volume per unit area agreed within experimental error regardless of operational mode. In contrast, at high fluxes, the change in membrane resistance with permeate volume per unit area was much higher in constant flux than in constant transmembrane pressure experiments. The threshold flux, defined recently as the flux at which the rate of fouling begins to increase rapidly, separates the regimes of good and poor agreement between the two types of experiments. The weak form of the critical flux, below which spontaneous adsorption is the only significant resistance imposed by foulant, was also observed.
Measurement of Internuclear Distances in Solid-State NMR by a Background-Filtered REDOR Experiment

Abstract A background-filtered version of the rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) experiment is demonstrated. The experiment combines a traditional REDOR pulse sequence with a double-cross-polarization (DCP) sequence to select only those signals coming from spin pairs of interest. The relatively inefficient DCP sequence, which transfers polarization from 1 H to 15 N and subsequently to 13 C, is improved by the use of adiabatic passages through the (−1) sideband of the Hartmann–Hahn matching condition. The result is an efficient 2D-REDOR pulse sequence that does not require a reference experiment for removal of background signals. The data produced by the experiment are ideally suited to analysis by newly developed dipolar transform methods, such as the REDOR transform. The relevant features of the experiment are demonstrated on simple labeled amino acids. Relative efficiencies of several other potential filtering methods are also compared.
Antagonism of platelet aggregation by 13-azaprostanoic acid in acute myocardial ischemia and sudden death

Abstract The effects of 13-azaprostanoic acid (13-APA) were studied during acute myocardial ischemia in cats and in rabbit sudden death induced by sodium arachidonate (Na-Ar). To more clearly define the mechanism of action of 13-APA, we also examined its effects on isolated cat and rabbit coronary arteries, in vitro aggregation of cat and rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and circulating rabbit platelet count measured in vivo. 13-APA provided minimal protection during myocardial ischemia in cats, partially reversing ischemia-induced ST segment elevations by 3–5 hours after coronary artery occlusion. However, 13-APA was ineffective in inhibiting the rise in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity or the loss of CK from ischemic myocardial tissue. 13-APA (1.0 – 100 μM) did not inhibit contraction of cat coronary arteries produced by a stable thromboxane A2 analog. However, 13-APA (100 μM) inhibited aggregation of cat PRP induced by AA (1.0 mM). 13-APA also provided significant protection against sudden death induced by Na-Ar in rabbits. While this agent was ineffective in reducing vasoconstriction of rabbit coronary arteries or inhibiting platelet aggregation in response to 500 μM AA, aggregation of rabbit PRP by 250 μM AA was completely inhibited. AA injection produced a significant decrease in circulating platelet count in vehicle-treated rabbits. However, 13-APA reduced the decrease in circulating platelet count in rabbits which survived AA injection during the 13-APA infusion. These results indicate that antagonism of thromboxane A2 receptors in platelets may be an important feature in protecting against sudden death. The difference in sensitivities of vascular and platelet thromboxane receptors as well as the accessability of 13-APA to these receptors may explain the lack of protection of 13-APA in myocardial ischemia.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Neurosecretory Cells in the Antennae of the Mosquito, Culex Salinarius (Diptera: Culicidae)

An antiserum raised against the peptide, culetachykinin II, immunocytochemically detected a group of neurosecretory cells in the first flagellar segment of the antennae of both males and females of the mosquito, Culex salinarius. This is the first insect species in which neurosecretory cells have been found in the antennae. The ultrastructure of these antennal neurosecretory cells (ANC) is described, as well as their relationship to other neurons in the antennae and antennal lobe of the mosquito. These tachykinin-reactive cells contain relatively small (140-220 nm) elementary neurosecretory granules. Not only do the ANC have axons that terminate on specific glomeruli of the deutocerebrum, but these neurons also have collaterals that form neurohemal terminals in the receptor lymph channels of the dendrites of the sensory neurons. Thus, the ANC not only influence higher centers of the brain that interpret signals from the antennal sensillae, but also modulate the response of the sensory receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of neurosecretory cells directly affecting the signal reception of sensory neurons.
Study of Nanoscopic Phase Separation in Membranes using Inverse FCS

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been used to study the diffusion of lipid and protein molecules in both synthetic and natural membranes. Recently, a new version of FCS, inverse FCS, has been developed (Wennmalm et al., 2009). For inverse FCS fluorescent probes are present at very high concentration as opposed to low concentration for conventional FCS. The particle of interest in the inverse FCS experiment is non-fluorescent. Fluorescence fluctuations due to the exclusion of fluorescent probes from the excitation spot by the non-fluorescent particles are detected and correlated. In the study of membrane nanodomains by conventional FCS, both domains and probe diffusion contribute to the correlation fluctuation. However, for inverse FCS, the diffusion of fluorescent probes contributes little to the fluctuation due to the high concentration of fluorescent probes. Therefore, inverse FCS provides an opportunity to study the properties of dark nanodomains that exclude the fluorescent probe when the fraction of nanodomains in the membrane is small. Here, we demonstrate by simulation that in these situations inverse FCS can give information about membrane nanoscopic phase separation that is inaccessible to conventional FCS. We also used inverse FCS to experimentally study early phase separation in DLPC/DSPC model membranes. Two different domain evolution pathways have been observed. In one of these two pathways, nanoscopic domains appear at first and then gradually grow to micron size. In the other pathway, the domains reach micron size quickly and their number gradually increases.Inverse-Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, Stefan Wennmalm, Per Thyberg, Lei Xu, and Jerker Widengren. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 9209-9215
Ectopic pregnancy after IVF in a patient with unilateral agenesis of the fallopian tube and ovary and with endometriosis: search of the literature for these associations

The real incidence of adnexal malformations is very difficult to determine because many women with these anomalies are not diagnosed since they are asymptomatic [1]. The association of mullerian and gonadal agenesis is also very rare; for example congenital absence of the ovary with absence of the fallopian tube [2] has been suggested to have an incidence of 1:11.240 women [3, 4]. Even rarer is the association of these anomalies with endometriosis. Here, we report a case of a woman with 18 months of infertility and with the incidental findings of unilateral agenesis of the ovary and fallopian tube as well as endometriosis, who after IVF/ICSI treatment developed an ectopic pregnancy. We also reviewed the literature seeking for these anatomic anomalies and their plausible causes.
To Know You is Not Necessarily to Love You: The Partisan Mediators of Intergroup Contact

We propose the contact–cue interaction approach to studying political contact—that cues from trusted political elites can moderate the effect of contact on the formation of public policy opinions. Allport’s initial formulation of the contact effect noted that it relies on authority support. In a highly polarized political era, authoritative voices for individuals vary based on party identification. Social experiences may affect public policy, but they must also be considered in light of partisan filters. Using data from the 2006 CCES, we examine the manner in which straight respondents with gay family members, friends, co-workers and acquaintances view same-sex marriage policy, finding a strong contact effect among Democrats, but no contact effect among the strongest Republican identifiers. Our data and analyses strongly support the perspective that social interactions (and their effect on policy) are understood through the lens of partisanship and elite cues.
Biosynthesis of Adrenodoxin in Mouse Adrenal Tumor Cells11

ACTH and cAMP stimulate steroidogenesis and the mitochondrial electron transport system for steroid hydroxylation in cultured mouse adrenal cortex tumor cells. During this stimulation, the biosynthesis of adrenodoxin, a non-heme iron protein which is one of the electron transport enzymes, was examined. 14C-labeled adrenodoxin was isolated by employing a purified rabbit antibody to bovine adrenodoxin. The antibody-adrenodoxin precipitates were further purified by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was observed that the biosynthesis of adrenodoxin was stimulated in response to ACTH induction and that this stimulation was completely inhibited with cycloheximide and partially inhibited with chloramphenicol. As a result, it was concluded that adrenodoxin requires both mitochondrial and cytosol ribosomal activities for its synthesis and integration into adrenal mitochrondria.
Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for smokers with histories of alcohol dependence and depression

Objective: Alcohol dependence and major depression have been associated with heavy cigarette use and poor smoking-treatment outcomes. This preliminary study examined the efficacy of a mood management intervention for smoking cessation in abstinent alcoholics with a history of major depression. Method: Participants were 29 (15 female, 14 male) heavy smokers (mean cigs/day = 30.2), with an average of 6.8 years of continuous abstinence from alcohol and drugs, randomized to behavioral counseling (BC) (n = 16) or behavioral counseling + cognitive-behavioral mood management (CBT) (n = 13). A 2 x 5 repeated measures design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions on smoking outcome at baseline, posttreatment and at 1-, 3- and 12-month-follow-up. Self-reported smoking status was verified with biochemical (COa) and informant report. Results: Verified self-report indicated that significantly more smokers in CBT quit by posttreatment (69.2%; 9 of 13) than in BC (31.3%; 5 of 16) (chi2 = 4.14, 1 df,...
Evidence that degradation in a-Si:H solar cells is an i layer effect

Information has been obtained on light-induced degradation and annealing in a-Si:H by the use of homogeneous films, not solar cells. This study summarizes these advances and compares them with data on corresponding effects in cells. This comparison provides consistent evidence that cell degradation can be inferred from the properties of bulk defect generation in films. This evidence comes from anneal kinetics, the existence and properties of saturation, degradation kinetics, thickness dependence of degradation, and performance modeling of films and cells. There seems to be no substantial evidence that cell properties are degraded seriously by other effects. Thus, film properties can be generally used as guides for cell stability. >
Reflective scientific sense‐making dialogue in two languages: The science in the dialogue and the dialogue in the science

In this paper I focus on the transition from everyday to scientific ways of reasoning, and on the intertwined roles of meaning-making dialogue and science content as they contribute to scientific literacy. I refer to views of science, and how scientific understanding is advanced dialogically, by Hurd (Science Education, 1998, 82, 402–416), Brown (The Journal of Learning Sciences, 1992, 2(2), 141–178), Bruner (Acts of Meaning, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), Roth (In J. Brophy (Ed.), Social Constructivist Teaching: Affordances and Constraints (Advances in Research on Teaching Series, Vol. 9), New York: Elsevier/JAI, 2003), and Wells (Dialogic Inquiry: Towards a Sociocultural Practice and Theory of Education, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999). I argue that family collaborative dialogues in nonschool settings can be the foundations for scientific ways of thinking. I focus on the particular reflective family dialogues at the Monterey Bay Aquarium, when family members remembered and synthesized essential biological themes, centering on adaptation, from one visit to the next, in both Spanish and English. My approach is informed by sociocultural theory, with emphasis on the negotiations of meaning in the zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978), as learners engage in joint productive activity (Tharp & Gallimore, Rousing Minds to Life: Teaching, Learning and Schooling in Social Context, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Over the past decades, researchers have discovered that observing social activity, conversation, and meaning-making in informal settings (Crowley & Callanan, 1997; Guberman, 2002; Rogoff, 2001; Vasquez, Pease-Alvarez, & Shannon, Pushing Boundaries: Language and Culture in a Mexicano Community, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994) has much to teach us regarding learning in general. To date there has been little research with Spanish-speaking families in informal learning settings and virtually none that integrates the home with both formal and informal learning. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed88:855–884, 2004
The Hospital Environment: Its Impact on the Patient

With the growth of modern hospital technology, there has been increasing concern by physicians for the emotional impact of the hospital environment on patients. In the past, the hospital environment has been studied primarily by social scientists1–5 who have examined it as a social system. Few studies, however, have been done by physicians. This probably reflects two facts: 1. Members of the medical profession develop the necessary psychological defense mechanisms which allow them to work in this environment but in doing so, prevent themselves from appreciating its effect on others. 2. Physicians have not, until recently, appreciated that clinically significant reactions to the hospital environment can occur.
Remediation of contaminated sediments: a comparative analysis of risks to residents vs. remedial workers.

This study weighs the risks to workers of cleaning up a Superfund site against the risks to residents of not cleaning up that site. Risks are measured by the number of deaths and disabilities due to injuries and diseases. We posit a cleanup plan involving 31 occupations and 4,581 person-years of work. We posit 20 hypothetical sites and 99 specific sites with varying numbers of residents and levels of cancer death and cancer disability rates. Depending on the number of residents, and the rates, we find that the risks to workers frequently outweigh the risks to residents. We conclude that risks to workers should be accounted for in EPA judgments regarding whether and how a Superfund site should be cleaned up.
Surface classification: hypothesis testing and parameter estimation

A 3-D surface classification method based on the quadric surface model is described. This technique does not require the points from the surface to lie on a grid. A sample of surface points is classified as planar or nonplanar through two hypothesis tests. If the sample is nonplanar, curvature features are evaluated at each point to classify the sample as spherical, cylindrical, or conical. A nonlinear optimization technique is then used to refine the parameters (e.g. radius, orientation) of the resulting surface type. >
The concept of s ubjective well-being and its process in restaurant experiences

vi CHAPTER 1. INSTRUCTION 1 Objectives of the Study 5 Significance of the Study 7 Definitions 8 Organization of the Study 10 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11 Subjective Well-Being (SWB) 11 Hedonic and Utilitarian Performance 31 Customer Satisfaction 33 Value 37 Behavioral Intention 39 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 41 Research Model 41 Research Hypotheses 43 Research Design 49 Sampling 53 Data Analysis 55 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 59 Demographic Description of the Sample 59 Preliminary Analysis 62 Structural Equation Modeling 65 Discussion 77 CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 82 Summary of Research 82
Verification of Component Behavioral Compatibility

In component-based systems, two components are behaviorally compatible if all possible sequences of services requested by one component can be provided by the other component. Verification of this compatibility is essential if subtle software failures, which are difficult to detect and correct, are to be eliminated. For verification of compatibility, the behavior of interacting components, at their interfaces, is modeled by labeled Petri nets with labels representing the requested and provided services. The paper discusses the verification process for several classes of interface languages, with emphasis on the algorithmic aspects of verification.
Optimal Depth Neural Networks for Multiplication and Related Problems

An artificial neural network (ANN) is commonly modeled by a threshold circuit, a network of interconnected processing units called linear threshold gates. The depth of a network represents the number of unit delays or the time for parallel computation. The Size of a circuit is the number of gates and measures the amount of hardware. It was known that traditional logic circuits consisting of only unbounded fan-in AND, OR, NOT gates would require at least Ω(log n/log log n) depth to compute common arithmetic functions such as the product or the quotient of two n-bit numbers, unless we allow the size (and fan-in) to increase exponentially (in n). We show in this paper that ANNs can be much more powerful than traditional logic circuits. In particular, we prove that that iterated addition can be computed by depth-2 ANN, and multiplication and division can be computed by depth-3 ANNs with polynomial size and polynomially bounded integer weights, respectively. Moreover, it follows from known lower bound results that these ANNs are optimal in depth. We also indicate that these techniques can be applied to construct polynomial-size depth-3 ANN for powering, and depth-4 ANN for multiple product.
A Passive Mixer-First Receiver With Digitally Controlled and Widely Tunable RF Interface

A software-defined radio (SDR) receiver with baseband programmable RF bandpass filter (BPF) and complex impedance match is presented. The passive mixer-first architecture used here allows the impedance characteristics of the receiver's baseband circuits to be translated to the RF port of the receiver. Tuning the resistance at the baseband port allows for a real impedance match to the antenna. The addition of "complex feedback" between I and Q paths allows for matching to the imaginary component of the antenna impedance. By implementing both real and imaginary components with resistors in feedback around low noise baseband amplifiers, noise figure is also kept low. Tunable sampling capacitors on the baseband side of the passive mixer translate to tunable-Q filters on the RF port which allow for very good out-of-band linearity. Furthermore, the concept of in-band and out-of-band must be redefined as the impedance match and BPF center frequency move with the LO frequency, such that matching and filtering track the receive frequency. Additionally, 8-phase mixing is shown to provide significant benefits such as impedance matching range, rejection of blockers at LO harmonics, and lower noise figure (NF). Measurements from the receiver implemented in 65 nm CMOS show 70 dB of gain, NF as low as 3 dB, and 25 dBm out-of-band IIP3. Furthermore, tunable impedance matching shows that S11 <;- 30 dB can be achieved at any receive frequency from 0.1-1.3 GHz.
Adaptive-trail routing and performance evaluation in irregular networks using cut-through switches

Cut-through switching promises low latency delivery and has been used in new generation switches, especially in high speed networks demanding low communication latency. The interconnection of cut-through switches provides an excellent network platform for high speed local area networks (LANs). For cost and performance reasons. Irregular topologies should be supported in such a switch-based network. Switched irregular networks are truly incrementally scalable and have potential to be reconfigured to adapt to the dynamics of network traffic conditions. Due to the arbitrary topologies of networks, it is critical to develop an efficient deadlock-free routing algorithm. A novel deadlock-free adaptive routing algorithm called adaptive-trail routing is proposed to allow irregular interconnection of cut-through switches. The adaptive routing algorithm is based on two unidirectional adaptive trails constructed from two opposite unidirectional Eulerian trails. Some heuristics are suggested in terms of the selection of Eulerian trails, the avoidance of long routing paths, and the degree of adaptivity. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed and two other routing algorithms under different topologies and traffic workloads.