cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who improves from coma, how do they improve, and then what?

A committee has developed a guideline on prolonged disorders of consciousness. Caution in prognostication is advocated because patients who have been unconscious or barely conscious for a long time might improve. The new guideline voices concern about persistent vegetative state as a clinical diagnosis but also rejects several unsupported therapies.
Retinal signs and risk of incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

Abstract Introduction The easily-imaged retinal microvasculature may reflect the brain microvasculature and therefore be related to dementia. Methods In a population-based study of 12,482 adults aged 50-73 years (22% African American), we estimated the relationship of retinal characteristics from fundus photography (1993-1995) with incident all-cause dementia (1993-1995 to 2011-2013) and with etiologic subtype of dementia/mild cognitive impairment (2011-13). Results A total of 1259 (10%) participants developed dementia over a mean 15.6 years. Moderate/severe (vs. no) retinopathy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.55) and central retinal arteriolar equivalent (narrowest quartile vs. widest three quartiles; HR, 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09–1.45) were associated with all-cause dementia. Results were qualitatively stronger (but not statistically significantly different) in participants with diabetes. Retinopathy was associated with a joint outcome of cerebrovascular-related, but not Alzheimer's disease–related, dementia/mild cognitive impairment (HR, 2.29; 95% CI: 1.24–4.23). Discussion Exploration of measures in the eye may provide surrogate indices of microvascular lesions relevant to dementia.
Automatic transcription of solo audio into music notation

Creating sheet music can be an arduous task for instrumentalists and vocalists who improvise. This problem can be solved by using a pitch detector that produces a MIDI data file. MIDI data is a good solution because it can be easily transformed into music notation by standard programs such as Logic Pro X or Finale. The authors have developed an open source C/UNIX-based program that automatically transforms a monophonic sound file into a playable MIDI file. Pitch (F0) detection is accomplished using a short-time autocorrelation algorithm. Successive F0’s that correspond to the same MIDI note number are combined to form notes. The minimum duration of each note is determined by the autocorrelation window size, which in our case is set to 0.03 s. To achieve a more accurate notation result, the program employs duration and RMS amplitude thresholds to exclude spurious notes from the MIDI data.
Computing optimum traffic signal cycle length considering vehicle delay and fuel consumption

Abstract Traffic signal cycle lengths are traditionally optimized to minimize vehicle delay at intersections using the Webster formulation. This study continues previous work by the authors to enhance the Webster model and develop new formulations to compute the optimum cycle length, considering vehicle delay, fuel consumption, and tailpipe emissions. The microscopic simulation software INTEGRATION is used to simulate two-phase and four-phase isolated intersections over a wide range of traffic demand levels, traffic demand distributions, cycle lengths, and signal timing lost times. Intersection delay, fuel consumption levels, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are derived from the simulation software. The optimum cycle lengths for various measures of effectiveness are then used to develop the proposed formulations. The simulation results demonstrate that the Webster method overestimates the optimum cycle length and produces unrealistically long cycle length estimates when the traffic volume-to-capacity ratio exceeds 50%. A new logarithmic delay model is proposed herein to address the shortcomings of the Webster model. This model is then calibrated to compute the optimum cycle lengths considering vehicle fuel consumption and emission levels. The estimated optimum cycle lengths for emissions are shown to be longer than the optimum cycle lengths for vehicle delay for lower levels of congestion. The paper demonstrates how a multi-objective cycle length can be computed to simultaneously minimize vehicle delays and fuel consumption levels. After computing the optimum cycle length, the optimum phase split can then be computed using the traditional approach of equating the degree of saturation across all phases. It is anticipated that the proposed formulations will produce significant savings in vehicle delay and fuel consumption levels.
CHANNEL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA

This study investigated the influence of channel communication strategy on the performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study used survey research design. The target population was 469 comprising of 220 distributors, 60 customers, 35 finance staff, 140 sales and distribution department employees and 14 heads of department. A sample size of 216 was chosen using stratified sampling technique. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that there existed strong positive relationship between communication (r=0.600) and performance of cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study recommends that cement companies should ensure regular provision feedback to their clients. Article visualizations:
This Is Our Cells Under Pressure: Decreased DNA Damage Repair in Response to Targeted Therapies Facilitates the Emergence of Drug-Resistant Clones.

In a recent issue of Science, Russo et al. observe that colorectal cancer cells, when exposed to the pressure of EGFR- and BRAF-targeted therapies, transiently alter their transcriptional profiles to foster mutagenesis, thereby enhancing the stochastic development of acquired resistance mutations.
Limsup is needed in the definitions of topological entropy via spanning or separation numbers

The notion of topological entropy can be conceptualized in terms of the number of forward trajectories that are distinguishable at resolution ϵ within T time units. It can then be formally defined ...
High energy and long cycles

All-solid-state lithium batteries typically suffer from low coulombic efficiencies and lithium dendrite growth at high current densities. Now, a silver–carbon composite anode is demonstrated that mitigates some of these problems, even for a prototype cell with a high energy density of over 900 Wh L–1.
Teaching Disability History: The Case of Franklin Delano Roosevelt

This article addresses the teaching of disability history, specifically concerning the historical figure of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR). Drawing upon literature from multicultural education, di...
η 2 ‑Arene Binding at High-SpinFe(I) Enabled by a Sterically Accommodating Tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborateLigand

Transition-metal arene complexes are important species in catalysis and arene functionalization. Certain electron-rich metal fragments are capable of binding arenes across two adjacent carbon atoms, inducing significant dearomatization through strong back-bonding interactions. Such complexes generally adopt low-spin, closed-shell configurations with electronic and coordinative saturation. Herein, we report an asymmetric tris­(pyrazolyl)­hydroborate (Tp) ligand and its Fe­(I) fragment, which forms η2 complexes with a range of arenes and heteroarenes, including benzene, trifluoromethylbenzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and furan. X-band EPR and solution magnetometry definitively establish these complexes as high spin (S = 3/2), owing to the relatively weak ligand field provided by Tp. These compounds expand a small but growing family of complexes that feature strongly back-bonding metal fragments in high-spin configurations.
Atypical communication characteristics among clinic-referred youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: Stability and associations with clinical correlates

Atypical communication characteristics (ACCs), such as speech delay, odd pitch, and pragmatic difficulties, are common features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as are the symptoms of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Using a simple retrospective method, this study aimed to better understand the relation and stability of ACCs with a broad range of psychiatric symptoms among large, well-characterized samples of clinic-referred children and adolescents with and without ASD. Youth with ASD had higher rates and a more variable pattern of developmental change in ACCs than the non-ASD diagnostic group. Latent class analysis yielded three ACC stability subgroups within ASD: Stable ACCs, Mostly Current-Only ACCs, and Little Professors. Subgroups exhibited differences in severity of ASD symptomatology, co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, and other correlates. Our findings provide support for the clinical utility of characterizing caregiver-perceived changes in ACCs in identifying children at risk for co-occurring psychopathology and other clinically relevant variables.
Selected peptide-based fluorescent probes for biological applications.

To understand the molecular interactions, present in living organisms and their environments, chemists are trying to create novel chemical tools. In this regard, peptide-based fluorescence techniques have attracted immense interest. Synthetic peptide-based fluorescent probes are advantageous over protein-based sensors, since they are synthetically accessible, more stable, and can be easily modified in a site-specific manner for selective biological applications. Peptide receptors labeled with environmentally sensitive/FRET fluorophores have allowed direct detection/monitoring of biomolecules in aqueous media and in live cells. In this review, key peptide-based approaches for different biological applications are presented.
Perioperative methadone prescribing and association with respiratory depression.

Objective: Over 80 percent of surgery patients experience acute post-operative pain and less than half feel their pain is adequately controlled. Patients receiving chronic opioids, including methadone, are at the highest risk of inadequate pain control. Guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for analgesia management in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between post-operative methadone use and respiratory depression. Design: This study was a single center, retrospective, cohort study of adult patients. Setting: Patients included were admitted to a single academic medical center from July 2016 to September 2018. Participants: Medical records of adult inpatients with an operative procedure who received perioperative methadone were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Preoperative methadone use was evaluated for all patients. Post-operative methadone dosing was compared to preoperative methadone dosing. Post-operative respiratory depression was evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for respiratory depression. Results: Two hundred ninety-eight patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into groups based on preoperative methadone use. Over 90 percent of patients were on preoperative methadone. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. In the initial seven post-operative days, 14.8 percent of patients had documented respiratory depression. Respiratory depression was more common among patients who were newly initiated on methadone post-operatively. Factors associated with respiratory depression included male sex, increased age, and new post-operative methadone initiation. Conclusions: Most patients who were administered post-operative methadone were on preoperative methadone. New post-operative methadone initiation was a risk factor for respiratory depression.
A distributionally robust optimization approach for coordinating clinical and surgical appointments

In this article, we address a two-stage scheduling problem that requires coordination between clinical and surgical appointments for specialized surgeries. First, patients have a clinical appointme...
The Wrong Understanding of Praise

It’s widely accepted that whether or not an agent merits praise for performing a particular action importantly depends on her motivation in doing so. What has received less attention is the importance of an agent’s moral understanding to whether she merits praise for performing a particular action, or whether her action has ‘moral worth.’ The first task of this paper is relatively straightforward: to show that two prominent attempts to address the importance of moral understanding to moral worth, namely that of Zoe Johnson King and Paulina Sliwa, are unsuccessful. The second task of this paper, which is more novel and ambitious, is to show that agents who lack moral understanding are a challenge to more accounts of moral worth than has been previously recognized. My goal in this paper is largely negative: to show that extant accounts of such conditions are unable to account for the relevance of an agent’s understanding to her praiseworthiness for performing a particular action. In making clear these shortcomings, however, I also hope to make clear just how complicated it is to pin down exactly when an agent merits praise for her actions.
A new crushable foam model for polymer-foam core sandwich structures

An elastic-plastic, viscoelastic damage model to accurately describe the crushing and energy absorption of polymer foams in sandwich panels was implemented in ABAQUS Explicit. Good agreement was fo...
RNA Helix Thermodynamics: The End Game

Nearest neighbor parameters for estimating the folding stability of RNA secondary structures are in widespread use. For helices, current parameters penalize terminal AU base pairs relative to terminal GC base pairs. We curated an expanded database of helix stabilities determined by optical melting experiments. Analysis of the updated database shows that terminal penalties depend on the sequence identity of the adjacent penultimate base pair. New nearest neighbor parameters that include this additional sequence dependence accurately predict the measured values of 271 helices in an updated database with a correlation coefficient of 0.982. This refined understanding of helix ends facilitates fitting terms for base pair stacks with GU pairs. Prior parameter sets treated 59GGUC/39CUGG separately from other 59GU/39UG stacks. The improved understanding of helix end stability, however, makes the separate treatment unnecessary. Introduction of the additional terms was tested with three optical melting experiments. The average absolute difference between measured and predicted free energy changes at 37° C for these three duplexes containing terminal adjacent AU and GU pairs improved from 1.38 to 0.27 kcal/mol. This confirms the need for the additional sequence dependence in the model.
Outcomes Following In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in People Receiving Maintenance Dialysis

ABSTRACT Rationale and objectives Previous studies showing poor survival outcomes in the dialysis population following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have largely been derived from claims data and have been somewhat limited by a lack of detailed characterization of CPR events. We aimed to analyze CPR-related outcomes in individuals receiving maintenance dialysis. Study design Retrospective chart review Settings, and participants Using electronic medical records from a single academic healthcare system, we identified all hospitalized adult patients receiving maintenance dialysis who had undergone in-hospital CPR between 2006 – 2014. Exposure Initial in-hospital CPR Outcomes (1) Overall survival (2) Predictors of unsuccessful CPR (3) Predictors of death during the same hospitalization among initial survivors (4) Predictors of ‘discharge-to-home' status Analytic approach We provide descriptive statistics for the study variables and use t-tests, chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests to compare differences between the groups. We built multivariable logistic regression models to examine the CPR-related outcomes. Results A total of 184 patients received in-hospital CPR: 51 (28%) did not survive after the initial CPR and 77 CPR survivors died (additional 42%) later during the same hospitalization (overall mortality 70%). Only 18 (10%) were discharged home with the remaining 32 (17%) discharged to a rehabilitation facility or a nursing home. In the multivariable model, the only predictor of unsuccessful CPR was CPR duration (OR 1.41 [95%CI 1.24,1.61], P Limitations Retrospective study design, single center study, no information on functional status. Conclusions Patients receiving dialysis experience high mortality following in-hospital CPR and only 10% are discharged home. These data may help clinicians provide useful prognostic information while engaging in goals of care conversations.
Optimum Wall Insulation for Cold Climates

The paper investigates the optimum thickness for insulation in cold areas, considering inflation, taxes, depreciation, and the effect of building with borrowed money. Optimization is based on cost considerations. Those considerations include the cost of the insulation, cost of installation, and the cost of heating, and may be expressed in equation form as Total cost = cost of insulation + annual cost of heating + cost of installation. It will be observed that the above expression contains a mix of present costs and annual costs. To be meaningful all costs must be either present costs or annual costs. Rather arbitrarily, this paper will convert present cost to annual cost.
Role of Technology in Student—Scientist Partnerships

A variety of student-scientist partnerships (SSPs) have evolved over the years in the K-12 classroom, providing students, teachers, and scientists with activities and experiences not available from any other source. Characteristically these activities are inquiry-based or design-oriented and aligned with Benchmarks (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1993), (National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 1996a), and numerous state frameworks for science education that call for students to understand the process of inquiry.
Identification of Hysteretic Structural Behaviour from Strong Motion Accelerograms

The problem of identifying the properties of hysteretic structures from strong motion earthquake records is examined. A method is presented for identifying the generalized restoring force diagram of different “modes” of the structural response. The method thereby offers a means for characterizing structural damage. The approach presented can be employed even when records are available from only a small number of locations in the structure. The method is applied to pseudo-dynamic test data from a full scale six-story steel-frame structure.
Abstract 15528: Myocardial Deformation Imaging and Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Insights from Cross-sectional and Post-myectomy Analysis

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been reported to alter left ventricular deformation. However, little is known about the differences of left ventricular (LV) strain values among healthy and varying levels of HCM patients including non-obstructive and obstructive, nor about the impact of septal reduction therapy on strain values. Methods: Age- and sex matched patients with HCM and varying degree of obstruction as well as 48 healthy controls were studied. Among HCM patients, 28 subjects had non-obstructive HCM, 27 had mildly symptomatic obstructive HCM, and 34 had HCM requiring septal reduction therapy (either myectomy or alcohol ablation). LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and circumferential strain as well as routine echocardiography were evaluated. Detailed LV longitudinal strain was assessed with septal and lateral longitudinal strain (Sept.-LS and Lat.-LS). In HCM patients treated with septal reduction, echocardiography was performed before, 3-months, and 1-year after the procedure. Results: LV-GLS, Sept.-LS, and Lat.-LS of all HCM patients were significantly lower than controls (p Conclusions: The strongest relationship between myocardial deformation and obstruction in HCM was found for Sept.-LS. Also, septal reduction procedure preferentially improves Sept.-LS.
The Mastered Past? The Impact of Collective Memories on Contemporary German Political Culture and Public Opinion

For several decades, Germany appeared to be beholden to an “unmasterable past” where the Nazi period and the Holocaust were omnipresent in German politics, culture, and policy. Social scientists and others have provided substantial qualitative evidence of this impact (e.g., Kansteiner, Confino, Lind) especially at the elite level, but quantitative assessments looking especially at the impact of elite level discourses on mass publics have been rare (e.g. Lutz, Art). Moreover, the constancy of this impact often is assumed, but recent years have witnessed the rise of other competing memories concerning, for example, the legacy of German suffering at the end and in the aftermath of WWII or the German Democratic Republic. In this paper, I address some of these lacunae. First, I look at findings from a rigorous keyword search of the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (the library of record), which reinforce the qualitative trends identified by others. Second, I present statistical analyses from two original nationally representative surveys conducted by FORSA (Berlin) in 2000 and 2008. The strength of competing memories are assessed and the impact of these memories on a political values battery tests for the actual impact of elite memory discourses on average Germans. A comparison of the 2000 and 2008 data represents a quasi-natural experiment, given the rise of competing memories in the interim (since 2002) – this is a rare opportunity to test for the effects of such discursive and memory shifts. Indeed, the contrasts between the two points in time are marked. In 2000, virtually all Germans thought memory of the Holocaust was important and those who more vociferously supported Holocaust consciousness were more progressive in their values. These relationships had weakened (though support for progressive values had not) by 2008. Such findings point to an overall decline in the salience of collective memory in German political culture and may be a harbinger that a quarter-century of intensive memory work is coming to an end – not because Germans are trying to evade historical responsibility, but precisely because of the successful process of working through the now-mastered past. This analysis of the completion of working-through processes in Germany illuminates on-going processes in a variety of other cases, such as Spain, Chile, Argentina, China and Japan.
Antiviral activity and ocular kinetics of antisense oligonucleotides designed to inhibit CMV replication

PURPOSE. To compare the antiviral activity and ocular distribution of first- and second-generation antisense oligonucleotides intended for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. METHODS. The antiviral activity of ISIS 13312 and ISIS 2922 (Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA) against 10 clinical CMV isolates was compared with a plaque-reduction assay. The ocular pharmacokinetics were compared after intravitreal injection in rabbits (36 ‐90 mg) and monkeys (125‐500 mg). Vitreous and/or retina were collected after single and multiple injections to characterize ocular distribution, clearance, and accumulation. Oligonucleotide concentrations were measured by capillary gel electrophoresis and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS. ISIS 13312 and ISIS 2922 demonstrated comparable antiviral activity that was consistent among the 10 clinical isolates examined (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], ,1 mM). Activity was independent of the resistance of CMV isolates to DNA polymerase inhibitors. After intravitreal injection, the kinetics of ISIS 2922 and ISIS 13312 were characterized by clearance from vitreous and distribution to the retina; however, ISIS 2922 was cleared more quickly from the retina than ISIS 13312. The half-life of ISIS 13312 in the monkey retina was approximately 2 months. Retinal concentrations of ISIS 13312 were dose dependent, with approximately a twofold increase in concentration after once-monthly doses compared with single-dose concentrations. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that both oligonucleotides were efficiently distributed to numerous ocular tissues, including retina, ciliary body, and optic nerve. CONCLUSIONS. ISIS 13312 possesses antiviral activity and pharmacokinetic properties that favor its use as a therapeutic agent in treatment of CMV retinitis. The half-life of ISIS 13312 in retina is longer than that of ISIS 2922, potentially allowing for less frequent administration. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001; 42:2646 ‐2651)
The proteolytic enzyme system of skin. III. Purification of proteinase C and its separation from an inhibitor.

Abstract 1. 1. The purification of Proteinase C and the separation from its inhibitor (CIn), the A1 enzyme, and Proteinase A has been achieved. 2. 2. The CIn inhibitor has been obtained free of proteolytic activity, the A1 enzyme, and Proteinase A. 3. 3. Studies on the interaction between purified Proteinase C and CIn lead to the conclusion that the activity of this enzyme in skin extracts is dependent upon its degree of association with CIn; the extent of such association being primarily a function of ionic strength. 4. 4. The properties of purified Proteinase C have been studied.
Representations as Tools for Building Arguments

In this chapter, we discuss the children’s earliest work on combinatorics problems, the second- and third-grade efforts on the shirts and jeans problem:
All optical wavelength converters based on semiconductor optical amplifiers

In this paper, an overview of the different all optical wavelength conversion techniques is presented, based on the semiconductor optical amplifiers. In the first part, the three main techniques are discussed and assessed, namely the cross gain modulation (XGM) cross phase modulation (XPM) and four wave mixing. In the second part, a more in depth discussion of the properties of the four wave mixing (FWM) is presented.
On vectorizing the fast fourier transform

A variant of the Cooley-Tukey algorithm due to Stockham is derived and vectorized and is shown to be on a par with the Pease algorithm. The Stockham algorithm is then proposed for the entire computation of the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform on a vector computer.
An Image Intensification and Video Recording System for Astronomical Observations

An airborne telescope utilizing a scanning interferometer and video recording system has been used by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for coronal-emission-line-profile measurements during the total solar eclipses of 1972 and 1973. A 250 mm diameter f/8.0 achromatic doublet refractor served as the objective lens, and a pressure scanned Fabry-Perot interferometer with narrow band transmission filters provided 0.005 nm spectral resolution of the selected emis-sion lines. A variable-gain channel-plate image intensifier, fiber-optically coupled to an Sb2 S3 vidicon tube, was adapted for use as a high sensitivity image detector. At maximum sensitivity this system was capable of recording a video image with signals as small as 5 x 10-9 J/m2 incident upon the in-tensifier photocathode. The vidicon tube was scanned at a rate of 60 fields per second in a 500-line, non-interlaced television format. The composite video signals were recorded on standard video tapes from which they were digitized for subsequent computer processing.
A retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of meaningful weight loss on fertility outcomes in an overweight population with infertility.

Objective To determine if meaningful weight loss (≥10%) improved conception and live birth rates of overweight patients with infertility. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Overweight patients (body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 ; n = 52) being treated for infertility and referred for weight loss counseling. Intervention(s) Patients were given a "meaningful" weight loss goal of 10%. They were followed by an endocrinologist who provided diet and exercise recommendations, metabolic screening, and pharmacologic intervention when indicated. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pregnancy rate, live birth rate, weight loss. Result(s) Thirty-two percent of the patients achieved meaningful weight loss. Patients achieving meaningful weight loss had significantly higher conception (88% vs. 54%) and live birth rates (71% vs. 37%) than those who did not. Conclusion(s) Weight loss improves live birth rates in overweight patients with infertility. Health care providers should incorporate weight loss counseling when caring for overweight patients who plan to conceive.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Tacrolimus (FK 506) Using Liquid Chromatography. A Review

Tacrolimus (FK 506) is an macrolide immunosuppressive agent which is widely used for management of transplant patients. The drug is potent at concentrations well below the concentration of cyclosporine for patient management, but like cyclosporine, FK 506 also shows side effects such as nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Because FK 506 exhibits wide variation in pharmacokinetics and a narrow therapeutic range, therapeutic monitoring of the drug is essential. Concentration of FK 506 can be monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (ELISA), HPLC-ELISA, HPLC-Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Polarization (FP) Immunoassay.
The CO/H2 reaction over nickel-alumina studied by the transient method

The methanation of carbon monoxide over NiAl2O3 has been studied at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range of 180–240 °C using a once-through flow reactor at small conversions. When the steady-state reaction in COH2 was switched to H2 alone, a large peak of methane and a smaller peak of higher hydrocarbons were obtained. Considerable H2O was also obtained indicating the presence of substantial chemisorbed CO. The methane response is composed of two parts: a sharp reactive peak followed by a long tailing part. Separate transient experiments, involving COH2COHe, and C2H4He, indicate that the tailing part of the response is associated with chemisorbed CO and the sharp, reactive peak is associated with free carbon.
ANGIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF BLEEDING GASTRIC LEIOMYOMAS

Two patients with intramural ulcerated leiomyomas in the fundus of the stomach who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding were studied by celiac angiography.The angiograms demonstrated both intraluminal extravasation of contrast material from the ulcer and a tumor blush surrounding the ulcer. This combination of ulcer and tumor stain suggests the diagnosis of bleeding intramural leiomyoma. However, one must exercise caution in view of the normal structures in the left upper quadrant which can produce a tumor blush.
How faith heals: a theoretical model

This paper summarizes theoretical perspectives from psychology supportive of a healing effect of faith. First, faith is defined as a congruence of belief, trust, and obedience in relation to God or the divine. Second, evidence for a faith-healing association is presented, empirically and in theory. To exemplify religiously sanctioned affirmation of such a connection, selected passages are cited from the Jewish canon attesting to biblical and rabbinic support for a faith factor in longevity, disease risk, mental health and well-being, disease prevention, and healing. Third, reference to theories of hope, learned optimism, positive illusions, and opening up or disclosure, and to theory and research on psychoneuroimmunology and placebos, demonstrates that contemporary psychology can accommodate a healing power of faith. This is summarized in a typology of five hypothesized mechanisms underlying a faith-healing association, termed behavioral/conative, interpersonal, cognitive, affective, and psychophysiological. Finally, implications are discussed for the rapprochement of religion and medicine.
Piezoelectric indentation of a flat circular punch accompanied by frictional sliding and applications to scanning probe microscopy

Indentation of a piezoelectric half-space by a flat circular indenter accompanied by frictional sliding is considered. Full-field electroelastic solutions in elementary functions are obtained. The solution is based on the correspondence principle between elastic and piezoelectric problems. Stiffness relations between applied load and resulting displacement are given in elementary functions. In conjunction with the conical and spherical solutions, given previously by Makagon et al. [A. Makagon, M. Kachanov, S.V. Kalinin, E. Karapetian, Indentation and frictional sliding of spherical and conical punches into piezoelectric half-space, Physical Review B 76 (2007) 064115 (14)], this work completes the set of limiting cases of tip geometries utilized in lateral force microscopy (LFM) technology. Implications for quantitative interpretation of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) data and tribological data are analyzed.
Damping of the magnetization in an isotropic antiferromagnet

Abstract We calculate the damping rate for the fluctuations in the longitudinal component of the magnetization in an isotropic antiferromagnet. In the hydrodynamic region (T
A critical evaluation of diagnostic errors, true increment and examiner's accuracy in caries experience assessment by a probabilistic model.

Abstract 1. (1) Let a population, consisting of three proportions, namely, π1, π2 and π3 such that ∑ i=1 3 π i = 1 , be examined at time t1 and t2, where π1 is the proportion of surfaces whose true conditions are carious at both times (CC), π2 the proportion of surfaces whose true conditions are non-carious at both times (NN), and π3 the proportion of surfaces whose conditions are non-carious at t1 and carious at t2 (NC). Let P = examiner's accuracy = Pr { an examiner's diagnosis agrees with the true condition of the surface } = μ + 1 2 (1 − μ) where μ is the proportion of surfaces over which the diagnoses are certain to be correct, and (1 − μ) the proportion of surfaces over which the diagnoses are equally likely to be correct or wrong. It follows μ = 2P − 1 and 1 − μ = 2(1 − P). 2. (2) Let k1, k2, k3, and k4 be the respective proportions of surfaces which are observed as (CC), (NN), (NC), and (CN), the last one (CN) being the reversal proportion. It was found that: 2.1. (a) Pr (CC) = Pr (NN) = Pr (CN) = 1 − p 2 2.2. (b) P = 1 − 2k4 2.3. (c) π 1 = k 1 − k 4 1 − k 4 i = 1, 2, 3 . 3. (3) The “reversal included” method tends to under-estimate the true increment by (2P − 1), whereas the “reversal excluded” method tends to over-estimate the true increment as long as 1 2 and π 3 1 4 . The over-estimation is especially bad if P is low. 4. (4) Analyses of clinical data by either the “included” or the “excluded” method are heuristically in error. The conclusions drawn thereof are subject to serious scrutiny and re-evaluation. 5. (5) In clinical trials where diagnostic errors are known to exist, the initial caries experience should also be adjusted by: X 1 = Nπ t M where X1 = average initial caries experienceN = number of surfacesM = number of subjects.
Variable self-absorption of (C14)glycogen.

Abstract With this paper we hope to warn other investigators of the difficulty in counting [C14]glycogen in liquid scintillators. The pulse height shift encountered makes it impossible to determine the counting efficiency in the C14-channel by use of external or internal standards. The efficiency is variable from one isolate of glycogen to another and the use of standards to determine efficiencies can give errors up to 50% of the value found with hydrolyzed glycogen. Hydrolysis of glycogen obviates this problem.
After the Shotgun

Through the renovation of a duplex shotgun house, this pervasive Southern historic house type is given a new identity and is reconnected to the modern city. The methodical renovation inspired the design of a new home type, the Shot-trot, to take its place in the city of the future.
Fluoroscopically assisted thromboembolectomy: should it be routine?

The treatment of acute limb ischemia secondary to thromboembolic disease has become significantly more difficult because of the increased proportion of elderly patients presenting with complex patterns of atherosclerotic disease. The presence of multiple medical comorbidities also complicates operative and perioperative management in these patients. Neither the techniques nor catheter designs have changed significantly since the introduction of the balloon embolectomy catheter in 1963, which permitted extraction of clot from remote sites. The authors believe that the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy and the performance of fluoroscopically assisted thromboembolectomy (FATE) greatly improves the results of this treatment in many cases. FATE facilitates catheter passage through tortuous, diseased arteries, identifies residual thrombus and underlying lesions, reduces vessel damage caused by balloon overinflation, and decreases the risk of catheter-induced dissection or atherosclerotic plaque displacement. Intraoperative fluoroscopy helps determine the need for as well as guides adjunctive procedures such as angioplasty and stenting. Such procedures can be performed at the time of the thromboembolectomy simplifying and expediting treatment.
Heme Oxygenase and the Kidney

ABSTRACT Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of heme and the generation of biliverdin/bilirubin and carbon monoxide (CO). The kidney is a complex organ consisting of...
Global existence and blow-up solutions for a nonlinear shallow water equation

Considered herein are the problems of the existence of global solutions and the formation of singularities for a new nonlinear shallow water wave equation derived by Dullin, Gottward and Holm. Blow-up can occur only in the form of wave-breaking. A wave-breaking mechanism for solutions with certain initial profiles is described in detail and the exact blow-up rate is established. The blow-up set for a class of initial profiles and lower bounds of the existence time of the solution are also determined.
Fluorescence of poly(di-n-alkylsilane)s in room-temperature solution

A comprehensive study of the electronic absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of seven poly(di-n-alkylsilane)s and of three isotopically labelled poly(di-n-hexylsilane)s in hydrocarbon solution at room temperature is reported. Also reported are fluorescence polarization and carbon tetrachloride quenching of fluorescence of poly(di-n-hexylsilane). The observed fluorescence spectra, quantum yield, and polarization depend on the selected excitation energy in a very characteristic fashion, whereas the fluorescence lifetime does not; however, it depends on the selected emission energy. These characteristic dependencies are qualitatively accounted for by the previously proposed segment distribution model if one assumes that the photophysical behavior at higher excitation energies is strongly affected by the presence of a low-lying weakly allowed state in short-segment chromophores and the behavior at lower excitation energies is dictated by the selective excitation of emitting long-segment chromophores.
Fujita and Ogawa Revisited: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

This paper builds on and extends a classic paper (hereafter referred to as F – O) published by Masahisa Fujita and Hideaki Ogawa in 1982. Their paper models the emergence of urban centers brought about by household and firm location decisions in the context of spatially differentiated labor and land market interactions. Their approach is an analytical one that seeks to characterize the equilibrium values of the system. In contrast, we employ an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach that seeks to replicate the individual household and firm behaviors that lead to equilibrium or nonequilibrium outcomes. The F – O model has little to say about what happens outside of equilibrium, while the ABM approach is preoccupied with this question and is particularly well suited to address questions of path dependency and bounded rationality that lie well beyond the scope of the F – O original. We demonstrate that the urban outcomes that emerge depend critically upon the bidding behavior of agents and the institutional context within which their decisions are made.
A MIMO propagation channel model in a random medium

This paper presents an analytical expression of MIMO propagation matrix in a random medium. We first extend the SVD (singular value decomposition) to include the propagation channels in the random medium in terms of the stochastic Green's functions. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained from the transfer matrix langTrang = langH'Hrang. The elements of langTrang can be expressed analytically using the coherent Green's function and the mutual coherence function. Examples are shown for the propagation channel consisting of a random distribution of scatterers. Included in this analysis are the effects of number density, scatterer sizes, scattering pattern, and scatterer locations.
A.C. Network Analyzer Study of the Schrödinger Equation

Utilizing the type of circuit described by Kron tests were carried out on the a.c. network analyzer. The tests reported include only one-dimensional circuits. Measurements were made of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the particular cases of the linear oscillator, the rectangular potential well, the double rectangular barrier, the single barrier, and the rigid rotator. These tests show the circuit representation to be valid and to be adaptable to solution on the network analyzer.
Frequency and failure of high-resolution monitors in a filmless imaging department

The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of failure of the high resolution (2,048 x 1536 pixel) monitors used for primary diagnosis in a filmless radiology department and to analyze the type of problems encountered as well as the action taken to repair the monitors. Data were collected from Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS) service logs to determine rates of monitor adjustment and replacement, the symptoms reported, and the action taken. Analysis of monitor service records demonstrated a high rate of monitor replacement (41% per year) resulting in a relatively short life expectancy (defined as average time required before replacement) of 2.4 years. The results of this study support our subjective impression and those of other colleagues in the PACS community of an unacceptably high monitor failure rate with 2,000 pixel monitors used for primary diagnosis. Requests for proposals (RFP's) for PACS and service contracts must carefully specify requirements for monitor image quality and conditions under which the vendor is required to replace these monitors.
Beyond de Tocqueville: The roles of vertical and horizontal individualism and conservatism in the 2004 U.S. presidential election

Abstract Individualism is a fundamental value to U.S. culture and democracy. We differentiate the horizontal from vertical dimension of individualism to predict voting in the 2004 presidential election. Horizontal individualism (HI) values equality and uniqueness, whereas vertical individualism (VI) values competition and achievement. In line with the value-expressive function of attitudes and voter–politician congruency principles, we show how and when HI and VI affect voters' attitudes and voting. A pilot study revealed that VI correlated with vote; those who scored higher on VI were more likely to vote for Bush. Study 1 replicated these findings with a broader sample and a regression approach. The influence of individualism was less predictive than VI in both studies. In Study 2, we proposed that the effect of VI and HI values on voting decisions is mediated by political conservatism, which in turn predicts voters' trait assessment of candidates and voting decision. Path analysis of the data from a national survey supported our expectation among respondents with high political involvement, the context in which value-expressive attitudes are more pronounced. Taken together, these studies advance our theoretical understanding of HI, VI, and individualism, as well as the process underlying the effect of values on decisions.
Medial septal neuron activity in relation to an auditory sensory gating paradigm.

Abstract Neurons in the medial septal nucleus were recorded extracellularly in response to auditory stimuli in chloral-hydrate-anesthetized rats. Two populations of neurons were identified, both of which were localized to the nucleus by horseradish peroxidase labeling. The auditory-responsive population was characterized by slow axonal conduction velocity, as measured after antidromic activation from the fornix. This population probably represents cholinergic neurons with unmyelinated or thinly myelinated axonal projections to the hippocampus. The other population was not auditory-responsive and had relatively fast conduction times. This population was most likely GABAergic neurons, which have heavily myelinated axons. The timing of discharge within the medial septal nucleus suggests that its cholinergic neurons may regulate the response of the hippocampus to auditory stimuli by influencing the activity of both pyramidal cells and interneurons. The medial septal nucleus may thus play a critical role in the gating of the response to repeated auditory response in the hippocampus.
Performance of vertical power devices with contact-level copper metallization

Abstract Vertical power devices have been used to characterize device performance with contact-level copper interconnects. Rdson (device resistance in the ‘‘on’’ state) measurements were obtained using three different probe configurations for various aluminum and copper metallizations. These measurements were used to make qualitative comparisons between aluminum and copper in terms of metal-to-silicon contact resistance and bondpad spreading resistance. Results indicate that contact resistance can be achieved with TiW/copper-based interconnects which is comparable to that of the standard Al-to-Si contact. Results also suggest a significant decrease in bondpad spreading resistance with 2 μm copper.
Distribution of Excitation and Inhibition in Receptive Fields of Lateral Geniculate Neurones

IT has become apparent that the composition of receptive fields of cells in the visual system vary considerably with the species studied, the level in the visual system examined and the stimulus parameters used. In spite of this variability, one characteristic form of receptive field has frequently been found at low levels in the visual system. It is usually described as roughly circular in shape and is made up of concentric zones which have the same spectral sensitivity. The important features of a unit with such a receptive field are that light stimulation in the centre of the field leads to either an increase or decrease in the cell's rate of discharge, while stimulation in the surround leads to a rate change in the opposite direction. If both of these regions are stimulated together, the resultant response is a combination of the separate responses of the regions1. Thus it appears that at some peripheral point there is a combination of inputs so that the response of the cell indexes the amount of activation received by an excitatory system minus the amount of activation received by an inhibitory system.
An Analysis of Five Measures of Sensation Seeking and Preference for Complexity

(1971). An Analysis of Five Measures of Sensation Seeking and Preference for Complexity. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 307-313.