cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes

This textbook provides a modern, quantitative and process-oriented approach to equip students with the tools to understand geomorphology. Insight into the interpretation of landscapes is developed from basic principles and simple models, and by stepping through the equations that capture the essence of the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes. Boxed worked examples and real-world applications bring the subject to life for students, allowing them to apply the theory to their own experience. The book covers cutting edge topics, including the revolutionary cosmogenic nuclide dating methods and modeling, highlights links to other Earth sciences through up-to-date summaries of current research, and illustrates the importance of geomorphology in understanding environmental changes. Setting up problems as a conservation of mass, ice, soil, or heat, this book arms students with tools to fully explore processes, understand landscapes, and to participate in this rapidly evolving field.
Robust multiphase topology optimization accounting for manufacturing uncertainty via stochastic collocation

This paper presents a computational framework for multimaterial topology optimization under uncertainty. We combine stochastic collocation with design sensitivity analysis to facilitate robust design optimization. The presence of uncertainty is motivated by the induced scatter in the mechanical properties of candidate materials in the additive manufacturing process. The effective elastic modulus in each finite element is obtained by an interpolation scheme which is parameterized with three distinct elastic moduli corresponding to the available design materials. The parametrization enables the SIMP-style penalization of intermediate material properties, thus ensuring convergence to a discrete manufacturable design. We consider independent random variables for the elastic modulus of different materials and generate designs that minimize the variability in the performance, namely structural compliance. We use a newly developed quadrature rule, designed quadrature, to compute statistical moments with reduced computational cost. We show our approach on numerical benchmark problems of linear elastic continua where we demonstrate the improved performance of robust designs compared with deterministic designs. We provide the MATLAB implementation of our approach.
Theory for the eddy current characterization of materials and structures: applications to nondestructive evaluation and geophysics

Two problems are studied. First, a new method is presented for calculating the electromagnetic field in two conjoined conducting halfspaces in the presence of current sources in either or both halfspaces. The method allows the two halfspaces to differ in the conductivity, permeability, and permittivity. The full Maxwell's equations are used; the quasistatic results may be derived as a particular limit The method is unique in that it depends only on the solution of two variables; the components of the magnetic field, B^, and the current, ] j, normal to the interface between the halfspaces. The second problem involves the determination of the fields induced by a current source in one halfspace with an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneity in the other. New, coupled integral equations for the fields are written down strictiy in terms of B^, ] and the external current source. The same formalism, used to generate the new integral equations, is also shown to yield the standard dyadic volume integral representations. Finally, it is shown that the formalism is a useful way of deriving various asymptotic results. The weak scattering limit (the Bom approximation) is derived as an example.
THE CULTURAL DIMENSION

A study of the relationship between culture and technology in the writings of Benjamin and Gramsci, with special reference to its impact on the notion of the nation state.
Teaching Systems Thinking for Advanced Family Nursing Practice: A Theory-Based Tool

Systems thinking is essential for advanced family nursing practice, yet this skill is complex and not innate. The Family Nursing Assessment and Intervention Map (FN-AIM) was developed to support student development of systems thinking competencies for Family Systems Nursing practice (see Marigold Family Case Study). The FN-AIM is a pedagogical tool grounded in a family systems framework for nursing with a focus on core family processes as a foundation for interventions. The FN-AIM was implemented as an educational tool to support student skill development as part of a graduate family nursing course in the United States. Through a self-assessment of competence in family nursing practice, 30 students demonstrated an enhanced ability to articulate the distinction between family as context and family as system approaches to family nursing after using the FN-AIM mapping approach. The FN-AIM may be a useful strategy for supporting systems thinking in preparation for clinical skills development in graduate nursing students.
Novel Isothermal Membrane Distillation with Acidic Collector for Selective and Energy-Efficient Recovery of Ammonia from Urine

The high concentration of ammonia in source-separated urine offers propitious opportunities for N recovery. Membrane distillation (MD) can recover volatile ammonia from hydrolyzed urine, but conven...
Fighting to survive: How supply chain managers navigate the emerging legal cannabis industry

The cannabis industry is a new quasi-legal industry Growing, selling and using cannabis are still illegal in most countries However, twenty-four countries and thirty-three U S states have approved cannabis for medical use, and five countries and eleven U S states allow recreational use This research focuses on value-added producers (VAPs), companies that process cannabis to manufacture ingestible, inhalable or topical products Due to public health concerns, the VAP tier of the cannabis supply chain faces stringent regulatory focus and turbulence Using multiple case studies of VAPs in an emerging cannabis industry, this research investigates how these companies? primary supply chain decision makers make and implement strategic decisions in an environment characterized by fast changing regulations While the public often perceives this new market as a way for new business owners to get-rich-quick, the results of this research paint a different picture Neither significant corporate expertise and funding nor black-market cannabis experience are necessarily predictors of success Incorporating the underpinnings of dynamic managerial capabilities, namely managerial cognitive capital, human capital and social capital, this research investigates how VAP companies have managed their production and supply chains to ultimately thrive, survive or fail Human and cognitive capital are important, but social capital that reaches beyond the supply chain is a distinguishing feature of firms that thrive in this non-predictive environment
Unique clinicopathologic and genetic alteration features in early onset colorectal carcinoma compared with age-related colorectal carcinoma: a large cohort next generation sequence analysis.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer type in the United States. While the incidence of CRC is decreasing among an older population undergoing screening, the incidence of early-onset CRC is rising. There is a growing understanding that the molecular underpinnings of colorectal carcinoma vary by age. In this study, we report the genetic alterations and clinicopathologic features of a single-institution colorectal carcinoma cohort over a 2-year period using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach and microsatellite stability (MS) status determined by immunohistochemical staining. Forty cases were identified in an early-onset colorectal carcinoma cohort (eCRC) defined by age 70 years. eCRC was more often-left-sided/rectal and more likely to present high rates of lymph node positivity with metastatic disease. NGS mutational analysis revealed distinct differences between eCRC and arCRC, with eCRC being characterized by low frequency of PIK3CA mutations, elevated frequency of KRAS and CTNNB1 mutations in microsatellite instability high tumors, and very low frequency of BRAF mutations.
Gendered Care Work and Environmental Injustice: A Feminist Analysis of Educators' Emotional Labor in Disaster Recovery

Although environmental justice researchers have long been interested in the connections between disaster recovery, gender, and home- and community-based care, the consequences of the post-disaster ...
Simulation-based estimators of analytically intractable causal effects.

In causal inference problems, one is often tasked with estimating causal effects which are analytically intractable functionals of the data-generating mechanism. Relevant settings include estimating intention-to-treat effects in longitudinal problems with missing data or computing direct and indirect effects in mediation analysis. One approach to computing these effects is to use the g-formula implemented via Monte Carlo integration; when simulation-based methods such as the nonparametric bootstrap or Markov chain Monte Carlo are used for inference, Monte Carlo integration must be nested within an already computationally intensive algorithm. We develop a widely-applicable approach to accelerating this Monte Carlo integration step which greatly reduces the computational burden of existing g-computation algorithms. We refer to our method as accelerated g-computation (AGC). The algorithms we present are similar in spirit to multiple imputation, but require removing within-imputation variance from the standard error rather than adding it. We illustrate the use of AGC on a mediation analysis problem using a beta regression model and in a longitudinal clinical trial subject to nonignorable missingness using a Bayesian additive regression trees model.
Pseudo noun incorporation in Hocąk

Abstract This paper provides evidence from Hocąk (Siouan) that Baker's (2014) analysis cannot account for all cases of pseudo noun incorporation (PNI). Baker (2014) argues that PNI is best analyzed as complex predicate formation derived via head movement of the object NP's head noun into the verb. Baker contends that the resulting structure cannot be linearized at PF if any material intervenes between the two copies of the noun, and thus that this movement must be string-vacuous. Here, I present data from Hocąk PNI that are problematic for Baker's theory. First, I show that internal arguments that are not base-generated in a position linearly adjacent to the verb can nonetheless be incorporated. Second, NP-internal modifiers can surface between the incorporated noun and the verb, which is also not compatible with Baker's theory. Instead, this paper demonstrates that Massam's (2001) analysis of PNI in Niuean (Oceanic) is able to account for the Hocąk data. Massam proposes that PNIed objects are NPs that are base-generated in object position. Thus, while Baker's head movement theory may be the right analysis for PNI in other languages, I argue that the data from Hocąk demonstrate that it cannot be the only possible mechanism.
RecA protein self-assembly. II. Analytical equilibrium ultracentrifugation studies of the entropy-driven self-association of RecA.

We have investigated the self-association of RecA protein from Escherichia coli by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. Monomeric RecA ( M r = 37,842) was observed in reversible equilibrium with trimers, hexamers and dodecamers in the presence of 1·5 m -KCl, 5 m m -Hepes, 1 m m -EDTA, 2 m m -ATP (pH 7·0) at 1°C. The equilibrium was strongly temperature-dependent, with polymerization being favored as the temperature was raised from 1°C to 21°C, and was reversible with respect to temperature. The values of both the standard enthalpy and entropy of self-association were positive, indicating that it is an entropy-driven process under these conditions. In the absence of KCl, in 50 m m -citrate, 5 m m -ATP, 5% (v/v) glycerol (pH 6·0) at 4°C, only small amounts of RecA monomer could be detected, while in 10 m m -Tris-acetate, 10% glycerol (pH 7·5) at 4°C, the smallest species present in significant concentration appeared to be the trimer. The majority of the species observed had molecular weights between 228,000 and 456,000, suggesting dominant stoichiometries of six to 12 monomers per oligomer. At pH 6·0, in the absence of ATP, much larger oligomers containing at least 24 monomers also appeared to be present. The data are consistent with an equilibrium mixture of monomers, trimers, hexamers, dodecamers, 24-mers and higher oligomers, with the distribution of oligomers being dependent on solution conditions. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that these oligomeric species are in reversible equilibrium with each other. It is not certain whether trimers assemble directly into hexamers, or whether disassembly into monomers is a prerequisite for the formation of higher oligomers. The possible role of higher-order RecA oligomers in the formation of RecA nucleoprotein filaments is discussed.
The structure of design processes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure of design processes. The design theory comprises of two aims: to construct models of the design process that further enhance the existing theoretical understanding of design and to allow the construction of more rational methods, tools, and systems for supporting the practical design. The starting point for any design activity is a description of the problem given in the form of a specification of requirements. Some of the requirements stipulate the desired functional capabilities of the target system while others may specify its desired performance and cost characteristics or other constraints that the system is required to satisfy. There are two kinds of problems that are often encountered by the designer in this context—the preciseness issue and the incompleteness issue. The most widely accepted design paradigm is known as the analysis-synthesis-evaluation (ASE) paradigm. Given a set of requirements, the design process involves first a stage of analysis, then one or more stages of synthesis, followed by a stage of evaluation.
A Review of “An Image of the Soul in Speech: Plato and the Problem of Socrates”

David McNeill's book begins with a re- ference to Socrates's claim in the Phaedrus that it seems ridiculous for him to pursue other inquiries before he knows what sort of creature he is: whether he...
Modeling The Structure of Ice as a Problem in Global Minimization

The structure and properties of liquid water can be modeled with rigid H2O molecules that interact via a simple potential function containing 1/r 6 attractive, 1/r 12 repulsive terms and 1/r (electrostatic) attractive and repulsive terms. In ice I, each water molecule is tetrahedrally surrounded by 4 other water molecules; one OH bond points along each O...O vector. Minimization problem 1: given the molecular packing of ice I, find the low-energy arrangement(s) of OH bonds. Minimization problem 2: find low-energy crystal structures of water, including the one of lowest energy.
Fetal swallowing: response to systemic hypotension

The fetal swallowing and endocrine responses to systemic hypotension were studied in five chronically instrumented ovine fetuses (125 +/- 2 days). Fetuses were prepared with bipolar electrodes inserted in the thyrohyoid muscle, nuchal esophagus, and thoracic esophagus, a flow probe surrounding the thoracic esophagus, and arterial and venous catheters. In response to an intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside, fetal mean arterial blood pressure decreased from 50.8 +/- 3.6 to 41.7 +/- 3.8 mmHg. Fetal plasma renin activity (5.0 +/- 1.4-25.1 +/- 10.3 ng.ml-1.h-1) and arginine vasopressin (5.6 +/- 4.5-26.3 +/- 21.0 pg/ml) increased, while fetal swallowing electromyogram activity (7.3 +/- 1.1-1.9 +/- 0.3 swallows/10 min) and esophageal flow (5.5 +/- 3.1-1.2 +/- 0.9 ml/10 min) significantly decreased during the nitroprusside infusion. These results indicate a suppression of fetal swallowing in response to systemic hypotension despite stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Investigation of the Start-up Strategy for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Auxiliary Power Unit under Transient Conditions

A typical approach to the synthesis/design optimization of energy systems is to only use steady state operation and high efficiency (or low total life cycle cost) at full load as the basis for the synthesis/design. Transient operation as reflected by changes in power demand, shut-down, and start-up are left as secondary tasks to be solved by system and control engineers once the synthesis/design is fixed. However, start-up and shut-down may be events that happen quite often and, thus, may be quite important in the creative process of developing the system. This is especially true for small power units used in transportation applications or for domestic energy supplies, where the load demand changes frequently and peaks in load of short duration are common. The duration of start-up is, of course, a major factor which must be considered since rapid system response is an important factor in determining the feasibility of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based auxiliary power units (APUs). Start-up and shut-down may also significantly affect the life span of the system due to thermal stresses on all system components. Therefore, a proper balance must be struck between a fast response and the costs of owning and operating the system so that start-up or any other transient process can be accomplished in as short a time as possible yet with a minimum in fuel consumption. In this research work we have been studying the effects of control laws and strategies and transients on system performance. The results presented in this paper are based on a set of transient models developed and implemented for the components of a 5 kWe net power SOFC based APU and for the high-fidelity system which results from their integration. The simulation results given below are for two different start-up approaches: one with steam recirculation and component pre-heating and the second without either. These start-up simulations were performed for fixed values of a number of system-level parameters (e.g., fuel utilization, steam-to-methane ratio, etc.) and were used to generate sufficient information to permit the development of appropriate control strategies for this critical operating point. These strategies are based on a balance between fuel consumption and response time. In addition, energy buffering hardware was added to the system configuration in order to minimize the effects of transients on fuel cell stack performance and lifetime.
Association of Importance of the Doctoral Degree With Students' Perceptions and Anticipated Activities Reflecting Professionalism

Background and Purpose. The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has identified the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree as 1 of 6 elements necessary to transition the physical therapy profession to a fully professionalized discipline. However, there have been no data to determine whether physical therapist students who place importance on the DPT degree perceive physical therapy to be more professionalized or anticipate participation in activities reflecting professionalism more than those who do not place importance on the DPT degree. Subjects. The subjects were 919 professional physical therapist students. Methods. Faculty members at 34 physical therapist education programs distributed questionnaires to 1,172 professional physical therapist students and returned 919 questionnaires, for a response rate of 78.4%. The data were statistically analyzed using chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Results. There were few differences between students who place importance on the DPT degree (DPT-I students) and those who do not place importance on the DPT degree (DPT-NI students) regarding how professionalized they perceive physical therapy to be relative to other health care professions or regarding their anticipated participation in activities reflecting professionalism. The one potential distinction found when controlling for other variables was that DPT-I students were more likely than DPT-NI students to anticipate becoming faculty members. Discussion and Conclusion. When beginning their professional education, there are few differences between DPT-I and DPT-NI students' perceptions of the professionalization of physical therapy or anticipation of activities reflecting professionalism.
The enigma of olfactory learning revisited.

Abstract If, as indicated in olfactory conditioning studies, rats are able to demonstrate primate-like behavior by their acquisition of response strategies, rodent olfactory learning may provide a particularly useful model for neurobiological analyses of learning and memory. Reid and Morris [Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B247, 137–143 (1992); Trends Neurosci. 16, 17–20 (1993)] have recently challenged these views. They suggested that the evidence for acquisition of an olfactory learning set in rodents is insufficient and that rat olfactory learning may provide no special advantage for the neurobiologist. This essay reviews the relevant studies and concludes that there are serious shortcomings in the Reid and Morris argument, that the available data base provides clear evidence for the claim that rats acquire abstract rules for responding and that olfactory learning may be qualitatively different from other forms of instrumental learning in rodents.
De novo proximal interstitial deletions of 14q: cytogenetic and molecular investigations.

We report on 2 unrelated patients who had chromosome analysis performed because of psychomotor delay, failure to thrive, and minor anomalies. Each patient had a novel proximal 14q deletion (q11.2 to q21.1 in patient 737 and q12 to q22 in patient 777). Polymorphic (C-A){sub n} microsatellite markers distributed along the length of chromosome 14q were examined in both patients and their parents in order to determine which marker loci were deleted. The deletion in patient 737 was found to be paternal in origin, based on the analysis of 2 marker loci (D14S54 and D14S70), thus assigning these loci to the deleted interval q11.2 q21.1. Furthermore, 3 loci were not deleted (TCRD, D14S50, and D14S80), suggesting that they are within or proximal to 14q11.2. In the other family (patient 777), none of the markers were fully informative, but the deleted chromosome was determined to be paternally derived based on cytogenetic heteromorphisms. Despite having overlapping proximal 14q deletions, these 2 patients shared few phenotypic similarities except for failure to thrive, micrognathia, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Therefore, a distinct proximal 14q deletion syndrome is not yet apparent. However, the molecular analyses facilitated the localization of several 14q DNA markers to themore » deletion regions in these 2 patients, while excluding other markers from each deletion. 24 refs., 4 figs.« less
Fouling Community Dynamics in Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia

Acrylic panels were employed to follow fouling community development at Channel Points, Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, from April 1977 through March 1979. Panel treatments were devised to study the effects of predator exclusion and panel area on community development. An additional panel was introduced in April 1978 to test the repeatability of initial community development. Early development was similar both years with hydroids, barnacles, and the polychaetePolydora ligni the initial macroinvertebrate colonists. Early community development in both years was dominated by the solitary tunicateMolgula manhattensis. Molgula was able to invade and rapidly overgrow all resident speices except largeBalanus eburneus. Panel area was shown to affect the community structure and development. The community on caged panels (predator exclusion) was significantly different from controls, although the differences could not be unequivocally attributed to predation.
An optimisation model for linear feature matching in geographical data conflation

Issues of heterogeneity and incompatibility in geospatial data become increasingly important as data sources become more abundant. Scientific research and decision-making usually require geospatial data from a variety of sources, since it is not realistic to collect all data directly; therefore, it is important to effectively utilise data created by various agencies using different methodologies under different circumstances. The term conflation here refers to the problem of combining incompatible geospatial data. One crucial component in conflation is feature matching, which is a prerequisite for the subsequent steps such as feature transformation. Although previous research has provided different methods of feature matching for specific applications, most of them have relied on a greedy strategy to execute the matching process. This article develops a new optimisation model to improve linear feature matching in situations with one-to-one, one-to-many and one-to-none correspondences by extending the opti...
Refractive index measurements of films with biaxial symmetry. 1. Determination of complex refractive indices using polarized reflectance/transmittance ratio.

A new method to extract complex refractive indices of films with biaxial symmetry from polarized transmission and reflection spectra is described. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the reflectance/transmittance ratio (R/T ratio) of two films of different thicknesses but with the same optical anisotropy is a simple function of the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k). For films with biaxial symmetry, components of n and k on symmetric axes can be extracted from either s- or p-polarized R/T ratios if the film thickness values are known. The R/T ratio method can generate n and k spectra within a particular wavelength range without assuming a specific relationship among n, k, and wavelength, which is an advantage over many currently available techniques. The R/T ratio method is used to extract the anisotropic complex refractive indices of a polyimide film with known uniaxial symmetry. The resultant n and k spectra compare well with simulations based on known n and k values. The accuracy of...
Reconciling the Past: Torture's Place in US Policy

The Politics of Prisoner Abuse: The United States and Enemy Prisoners After 9/11. By David P. Forsythe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 315 pp., $29.99 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-521-18110-5). Torture and Impunity: The U.S. Doctrine of Coercive Interrogation. By W. McCoy Alfred. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2012. 401 pp., $24.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-299-28854-9). Can a country confront its past and change the norms that guide its policy decisions? The controversy surrounding the United States' detention and interrogation policies during the War on Terror has provided ample opportunity to engage this question and discuss what these policies mean to US security, values, and legitimacy. The “enhanced” interrogation techniques championed by the George W. Bush administration, the use of offshore detention sites, and the establishment of military commissions attracted media and scholarly attention and spurred vigorous debate over the legality and morality of US policy (Danner 2004; Sands 2008; Wittes 2008). As we gain some distance from the immediate post-9/11 period, researchers are now able to analyze how abusive tactics came to be a tool of the US government and compare the policies of the Bush and Obama administrations. Two recent books on US abuse of detainees delve into the policies that began under the Bush administration and reverberated into the Obama years in order to extract some lessons about how we arrived at these policies, how these policies have shaped the politics and culture of the United States, and how we should move forward. David P. Forsythe's The Politics of Prisoner Abuse: The United States and Enemy Prisoners After 9/11 and Alfred W. McCoy's Torture and Impunity: The U.S. Doctrine of Coercive Interrogation draw upon an abundant body of research from the pre- and post-Bush administration periods to provide comprehensive analyses of law, torture, and post-9/11 policy. As the authors construct windows into the creation and implementation of detainee policy, they present incisive, thorough critiques of Bush administration actions and the nagging impunity that has followed. In asking how detainee policy was constructed, they also grapple with the more difficult question of whether the United States can confront the role of torture …
Developing a Multiformat Demand-Driven Acquisition Model

This paper discusses a patron-driven acquisition program at the University of Denver. Instead of selecting books from YBP's slip approval plan, the Penrose Library will load MARC records for these titles and for a selection of electronic books from ebrary and EBL. All University of Denver students and faculty will be able to select the title and format (print or electronic) that best suits their needs, thereby allowing the library to expend its collection funds in a more user-oriented way. Through this demand-driven acquisition model, the library offers its users a much wider range of titles, while ensuring that more of the titles purchased are used.
Muscarinic receptor binding in the mouse heart: the selective modulatory effect of fluoride ion on agonist binding.

Abstract The effect of fluoride ion on the binding of the specific muscarinic agonist ligand [ 3 H]c is methyldioxolane ([ 3 H]CD) to the mouse cardiac muscarinic receptor was investigated. Utilizing equilibrium ligand binding experiments, sodium fluoride (10mM) was shown to decrease [ 3 H]CD binding, measured at a concentration of 2 nM, by 52%. Studies with several different ions demonstrated that the reduction in [ 3 H]CD binding was a specific effect of fluoride. This fluoride modulation was selective for agonist binding, as no effect of fluoride on the binding of the muscarinic antagonist [ 3 H](−) quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) was observed.
Thermodynamics of hexagonal titanium-oxygen solid solutions

Abstract The thermodynamic functions measured for the hexagonal α-Ti-O solid solution indicate that the partial entropy of the oxygen atoms varies with solute composition in a manner very similar to an ideal interstitial solution possessing one interstitial site per solvent atom. It has been shown that this behavior is in accord with the first-order model for interstitial solid solutions when first and second nearest neighbor solute mutual interactions are considered. The rapid decrease with increasing composition in the partial enthalpy of solution is in accord with this concept. Ordering occurs at temperatures much lower than those at which the thermodynamic data have been found. The thermodynamic behavior of O in α-Ti is in qualitative agreement with the known form of the electronic interaction between titanium and oxygen.
A 51-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, and renal insufficiency

This case illustrates the utility of all modalitites of the renal biopsy in arriving at a correct diagnosis in an adult patient with nephrotic syndrome. Unlike the clinical situation in children, where minimal change disease is presumed to underlie the nephrotic syndrome unless the patient shows steroid resistance, the list of differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in the adult is lengthy. The renal biopsy is essential in establishing the specific diagnosis. We discuss the diagnostic approach in an adult patient with a relatively uncommon disease causing the common manifestations of nephrotic syndrome, hematuria and renal insufficiency.
Evaluation of Fluorinated Alkyl Phosphates as Flame Retardants in Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries: II. Performance in Cell

A series of fluoroalkyl phosphates are synthesized and evaluated as flame retardants for electrolytes of Li-ion batteries. In this work, nonflammable electrolytes based on these phosphates are formulated with the knowledge obtained in Part I of these papers through ion conduction and electrochemical studies The performance of these nonflammable electrolytes in lithium-ion cells is preliminarily evaluated by investigating the effect of the degree of their concentration and fluorination on the cycling behavior, rate capability, and low temperature performances of the cells. It was found that the electrolytes based on phosphates, with at least two alkyls fluorinated, demonstrate stable cell performance at room temperature, and the presence of these phosphates not only delivers higher cell safety, but also improves the cell capacity retention over a long period of testing. However, the rate capability and low temperature performance of these nonflammable electrolytes decline with increasing concentration of these phosphates, as a result of higher cell impedance. Nevertheless, compared with their nonfluorinated counterparts, fluorination does introduce higher flame-retarding efficiency and lower performance impact. This alleviated trade-off between electrolyte flammability and cell performance made it possible to formulate a series of nonflammable electrolytes, which contain 15-20% of fluoroalkyl phosphates and can work in a lithium-ion cell with minimum sacrifice in performance.
A new characterization of real H-matrices with positive diagonals

Abstract This paper establishes a characterization of real H-matrices with positive diagonals in terms of hidden Z-matrices.
Large Bearing Numbers and Stationary Reynolds Roughness

Etude de paliers avec un coefficient caracteristique eleve et une rugosite de Reynolds representee par une fonction periodique
Intracellular distribution and properties of cathepsin B in the rat retina and its inhibition by a cytosolic fraction.

Abstract The intracellular distribution and properties of cathepsin b in the rat retina are similar to those of cathepsin b in other mammalian tissues. The specific activity of cathepsin b was highest in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction [1650±450 pmole mg−1 protein hr−1 (mean± s.d. )]. Inhibition of cathepsin b activity by a cytosol fraction of retina is also described.
Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on nano- and micro-grain size titania

Abstract The current study investigated the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on titania surfaces with grain sizes ranging from 50 to 1500 nm in either control or osteogenic medium. Characterization of osteogenic differentiation included quantification of the osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase expression by the cells, as well as of the content of calcium in the extracellular matrix. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation was not observed on any of the grain sizes tested without dexamethasone and osteogenic-stimulating chemical agents (specifically, ascorbic acid and beta-glycerolphosphate) in the culture medium. Little-to-no mesenchymal stem cell differentiation was detected on the 50 nm substrates under osteogenic media. In contrast, osteogenic differentiation occurred earlier, and to greater extent, on the 200 nm grain size titania, compared to results obtained on either the 50 or 1500 nm grain sizes, or the glass (reference) surfaces, under osteogenic media. These results demonstrated that biomaterial substrate topography, such as ceramic grain size, affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in a size-dependent but, non-linear, manner.
The Subject and Historical Theory

This paper asks two questions: how we should conceive of the subject after Foucault? What implications does rethinking the subject have for historical theory? It attempts to modify Foucault's own persistent hostility to humanist concepts of the subject by distinguishing clearly between autonomy and agency. Autonomy would consist of the ability to hold beliefs and so to perform actions uninfluenced by society or power. Postfoundationalists can reject this concept of autonomy while reclaiming agency, conceived as the ability to modify the beliefs and even practices that one inherits from others. A rejection of autonomy, but not agency, is sufficient to sustain Foucault's main critiques of other concepts of the subject, notably those associated with Sartre, Hegel, and Marcuse. Yet, a clear commitment to agency would significantly alter Foucault's theory of history.
An in situ observation of the growth kinetics and stress relaxation Pd2Si thin films on Si(111)

The growth of the Pd2Si thin fllms on Si(111) substrates has been monitored by an in situ x‐ray diffraction technique in vacuum and in helium atmosphere from 160 to 250 °C. A familiar parabolic growth rate was found, confirming the diffusion‐controlled film growth process. The activation energies were found to be 1.34 and 1.37 eV for the measurements performed in vacuum and helium environment, respectively. Stress relaxation in the growing Pd2Si fllm was observed when the reaction temperature exceeds 200 °C. The relaxed films showed a higher degree of texture as evidenced by the rocking curve measurements.
Public Health Nursing Education for Primary Health Care

This article examines several issues relevant to the education of nurses for roles in primary health care. The basic premises of education for community-based public health practice are put forth. The World Health Organization's seven key principles for primary health care and their cur-ricular implications for various levels of nursing programs are discussed. Examples are given of nursing education programs in which aspects of primary health care are used; finally, the continuing education needs of nurses are explored.
Immunosuppressant FK506 Activates NF-κB through the Proteasome-mediated Degradation of IκBα REQUIREMENT FOR IκBα N-TERMINAL PHOSPHORYLATION BUT NOT UBIQUITINATION SITES

Abstract The immunosuppressant FK506 activates NF-κB through IκBα degradation in nonlymphoid cells. In the present study, we analyzed mechanisms by which FK506 induces IκBα degradation. We found that FK506 induces the degradation of both IκBα and IκBβ and that the time courses of the FK506-induced degradation are quite different from degradation induced by interleukin 1 (IL-1). Despite this difference, FK506-induced IκBα degradation was dependent on the N-terminal Ser-32 and Ser-36 phosphorylation sites and was mediated by proteasomes, as is the case for IL-1-induced IκBα degradation. We further showed that FK506 induces weak and slow phosphorylation of IκBα at Ser-32. However, unlike IL-1-induced degradation, IKK-1 and IKK-2 were not activated significantly nor was FK506-induced IκBα degradation dependent on the N-terminal ubiquitination sites (Lys-21 and Lys-22). These results therefore indicate that FK506 and IL-1 utilize similar but distinct mechanisms to induce the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα.
Mammalian sleep genetics

Mammalian sleep is a complex phenomenon governed by the interplay of neural circuits and signaling systems. The impact of genetic manipulations on sleep–wake dynamics provides important insights into this complex behavior. Here we review the sleep-related phenotypes of over 50 transgenic animal models spanning a variety of signaling systems. This heterogeneous literature includes outcomes spanning motor activity patterns, sleep–wake stage architecture, responses to sleep deprivation, circadian rhythmicity, and other perturbations such as food restriction, temperature challenge, and infection exposure. Insights from these animal experiments hold potential to converge with the well-known sleep–wake neurocircuitry as well as the increasingly available human genetic information, especially in patient populations exhibiting sleep–wake pathology.
Testing a peer-based symptom management intervention for women living with HIV/AIDS

Abstract Objective. To test the impact of participation in a peer-based intervention for symptom management for women living with HIV infection on selected outcome measures including, symptom intensity, medication adherence, viral control, and quality of life. Design. Randomized clinical trial. Methods. Participants were recruited using a convenient, consecutive sampling method. Those participants randomized to the experimental condition attended seven, peer-led sessions over seven weeks. Participants randomized to the control condition received a copy of HIV Symptom Management Strategies: A Manual for People Living with HIV/AIDS. Participants completed four surveys assessing change over time in the aforementioned outcome variables. Results. Eighty-nine HIV-infected women followed over 14 weeks and there were no differences between the two groups on baseline demographic variables. Mixed-effects regression indicated no significant difference between groups across time in total symptom intensity score and m...
A PILOT STUDY OF GROUP EXERCISE TRAINING (GET) FOR WOMEN WITH PRIMARY BREAST CANCER: FEASIBILITY AND HEALTH BENEFITS

Evidence is accumulating for physical activity as an effective, well-tolerated, highly rewarding complementary behavioral intervention for enhancing quality of life (QOL) as well as fitness among individuals with chronic and even terminal illnesses. However, relatively few studies have examined the feasibility and potential health benefits of supervised, structured exercise programs for sedentary women with primary breast cancer. Forty women over the age of 45 with primary breast cancer participated in a course of group exercise training (GET) delivered in a structured format three times per week for 16 weeks. GET emphasizes physical activities that promote aerobic fitness, strength, and flexibility. Assessments of fitness/vigor and QOL were conducted prior to, during, and upon completion of the program. Results demonstrated that GET was feasible, safe, and well-tolerated. Moreover, the participants experienced significant health benefits over the course of the intervention in multiple dimensions of fitness/vigor (aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility) as well as QOL (increased positive affect, decreased distress, enhanced well-being, and improved functioning). Discussion highlights the need for inclusion of physical activity programs in comprehensive, complementary treatment regimes for breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The global and urban environment: the need for clean power systems

The objective of this paper is to provide a contextual background in support of clean systems such as fuel cells for the expansion of our global energy sources
Cyclopentane-modified PNA improves the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based scanometric DNA detection

trans-Cyclopentane-modified PNA has been successfully utilized as a target capture strand to improve the detection limit of a known DNA detection assay, and provide high levels of mismatch discrimination.
Inhibition of Aggregation of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant During Freezing and Drying

Aluminum-salt adjuvants are widely used to increase immunogenicity of recombinant protein vaccines. However, when vaccines formulated with these adjuvants are frozen or lyophilized, losses of efficacy are often reported. This loss of potency is usually attributed to the aggregation of adjuvant particles during processing. In this study, we examine the aggregation behavior of Alhydrogel™, a commercial aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. By cooling Alhydrogel™ formulations at faster rates or by the addition of sufficient amounts of a glass forming excipient such as trehalose, aggregation of Alhydrogel™, can be prevented or minimized. We propose that freeze-concentration of buffer salts induces modifications in adjuvant surface chemistry and crystallinity, which in turn favor aggregation. These modifications, and the resulting aggregation of Alhydrogel™ particles can be minimized through choice of buffer ions, or kinetically inhibited by rapidly forming a glassy state during freezing.
A Successful Faculty Member: Essential Components

The central function of higher education is strong contribution of faculty members in disseminating knowledge to the students as well as to the peers. To become competitive the universities in India are including advance technical information in the instructional curriculum. Additionally, several higher educational institutions are in a transitional phase from teaching-only universities to comprehensive universities. The individuals who have selected their careers as university faculty members in this environment need to understand their roles for a successful career. Even though the balance between different tasks such as research, teaching and service vary from institution to institution the general functionality of the faculty member should be quite uniform. The rewards and challenges involved when one decides to be faculty member in a university/institute where research is encouraged in addition to teaching, is discussed here. It is typically required to publish a significant number of peer reviewed papers while writing proposals and trying to get them funded. To establish a research program it is required to attract and learn how to deal with graduate students while one is still trying to figure out the incredibly time-consuming labor of planning and teaching new courses. Some keys to time management, people management, effective teaching and service recommendations will be outlined. Some norms from the US universities will also be outlined.
Specific effects of BCL10 Serine mutations on phosphorylations in canonical and noncanonical pathways of NF-κB activation following carrageenan

To determine the impact of B cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL) 10 on the phosphorylation of crucial mediators in NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways, human colonic epithelial cells were exposed to carrageenan (CGN), a sulfated polysaccharide commonly used as a food additive and known to induce NF-κB nuclear translocation by both canonical and noncanonical pathways. Phosphorylations of intermediates in inflammatory cascades, including NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) at Thr559, transforming growth factor-β-activating kinase (TAK) 1 at Thr184, Thr187, and Ser192, and inhibitory factor κBα (IκBα) at Ser32, were examined following mutation of BCL10 at Ser138 and at Ser218. Specific phosphoantibodies were used for detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, and confocal microscopy of differences in phosphorylation following transfection by mutated BCL10. Both mutations demonstrated dominant-negative effects, with inhibition of phospho(Ser32)-IκBα to less than control levels. Both of the BCL10 mutations reduced the CGN-induced increases in nuclear RelA and p50, but only the Ser138 mutation inhibited the CGN-induced increases in nuclear RelB and p52 and in NIK Thr559 phosphorylation. Hence, the phosphorylation of BCL10 Ser138, but not Ser218, emerged as a critical event in activation of the noncanonical pathway of NF-κB activation. Either BCL10 Ser138 or Ser218 mutation inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1 at Thr184 and at Thr187, but not at Ser192. These findings indicate that BCL10 phosphorylations act upstream of phosphorylations of NIK, TAK1, and IκBα and differentially affect the canonical and noncanonical pathways of NF-κB activation.