cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Racial differences in HPV vaccine uptake based on provider recommendations

Objectives: The purpose this study was to evaluate racial differences in HPV vaccine uptake and the impact of healthcare providers’ recommendations on parents’ decision to vaccinate their children. Methods: This was a population-based survey in rural Alabama (Escambia County) in 2019. A 16-page questionnaire was developed based on questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and other sources. Specific focus was placed on HPV vaccine uptake and healthcare access. Participants included parents with at least one child between the ages of 9 and 18 and were recruited proportionally from the nine Census Tract regions in the county. The questionnaire was anonymous and participation was voluntary. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.25. Download : Download high-res image (205KB) Download : Download full-size image Results: A total 329 individuals were interviewed with 151 non-Hispanic Whites and 178 non-Hispanic Blacks included. Other ethnicities and races were not included and comprised Conclusions: Recommendations for getting children vaccinated against HPV is still low in Alabama. Black parents were more likely than White parents to get the impression from their provider that the HPV vaccine was urgent and that they should get their child vaccinated. A large portion of both groups of parents also got the impression that the vaccine was optional. It is imperative that healthcare providers continue to counsel parents on HPV vaccination and encourage the importance of it in order to increase uptake.
Automatische Registrierung der fetalen Bewegungsaktivität und des Kardiotokogrammes (KCTG) bei Doppler-Flow-Untersuchungen

Antenatale CTG-Registrierungen ermoglichen in der Regel die Diagnose einer akuten fetalen Hypoxie, weisen jedoch bezuglich der Fruherkennung einer fetalen Gefahrdung eine begrenzte Sensitivitat und Spezifitat auf. Die zuverlassige Erfassung einer chronischen Plazentainsuffizienz, noch vor dem Auftreten kar- diotokographischer Hinweiszeichen auf eine fetale Beeintrachtigung, gehngt haufig mit Hilfe der Doppler-Flow-Diagnostik [2].
Inhibitory effect of the Isolator blood culture system on growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare in BACTEC 12B bottles.

The examination of 6,938 clinical specimens collected during the period January 1991 through December 1992 suggested that the Isolator blood culture system (Wampole) inhibited growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) in BACTEC 12B medium. Of 162 MAC blood culture isolates, 94% were recovered from Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium, while only 50% were recovered from 12B medium. The time to detection with LJ medium was 18 days, while that with 12B medium was 24 days. In contrast, 62% of the 305 MAC nonblood culture isolates were recovered from the LJ medium, while 87% were found in the 12B medium. The time to detection for these cultures was also reversed, i.e., 28 days for LJ medium versus 15 days for 12B medium. Dilution studies using the lysis-anticoagulant reagent from Isolator tubes demonstrated inhibition of both clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains of MAC, even at low concentrations of lysis-anticoagulant reagent. Washing the Isolator blood sediment prior to inoculating the 12B bottles eliminated any growth inhibition. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the use of the Isolator blood culture tube with the BACTEC 12B medium is contraindicated for mycobacterial blood cultures.
Osmotic regulation in the marine alga,Codium decorticatum

Codium decorticatum maintains its internal osmotic pressure 2.3 bar above the osmotic pressure of the external medium, which results in a hydrostatic pressure difference (turgor) of 2.3 bar. During hypoosmotic stress the primary mechanism for decreasing the internal osmotic pressure is a decrease in active Cl− influx. The decreased Cl− influx is accompanied by a 6.9 mV depolarization of the negative vacuole potential, while there is no consistent change in the protoplast resistance. The net Cl− efflux which results is balanced primarily by a passive net loss of K+. During hyperosmotic stress the Cl− influx increases, accompanied by a slight (2.6 mV) hyperpolarization and a decrease of 90 Ω cm2 in the membrane resistance. A passive net uptake of Na+ accompanies the net active influx of Cl−. Following the restoration of normal turgor, which requires about 2 hr, concentrations of Na+ and K+ are slowly readjusted over a period of about 30 hr until the normal K+/Na+ ratio of 1.0 is restored.Codium regulates its turgor as rapidly in the dark as in the light, which suggests that the Cl− pump is not dependent directly on photosynthesis for its energy supply.
A descriptive study of variables associated with obtaining nipple aspirate fluid in a cohort of non-lactating women

The search for biologic endpoints and biomarkers in the study of breast cancer risk assessment and risk reduction strategies has led to an interest in obtaining cytologic information and other biomarkers from nipple aspirate fluid (NAF). This descriptive study examined factors associated with an increased ability to obtain NAF in a cohort of 3043 women between the ages of 15 and 89 years of age. The majority of women were between the ages of 30–49 (N = 1529/50.2%). Variables examined in relation to obtaining fluid include: age, marital status, age at menarche, menopausal status, a history of pregnancy, a history of breast-feeding, estrogen use, oral contraceptive use, endocrine disorders and tranquilizer use. On average, women from whom breast fluid was obtained were younger than women from whom breast fluid was attempted but not obtained (mean = 41.9 years versus 46.5 years, p < 0.0001). In unadjusted and age-adjusted comparisons, being married, a history of pregnancy, younger age at menarche (12 years of age or younger), tranquilizer use, oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and endocrine problems were associated with an increased ability to obtain breast fluid. Post-menopausal status and exogenous estrogen use were associated with a decreased ability to obtain breast fluid. After age-adjustment, oral contraceptive use was no longer significantly associated with an increased ability to obtain fluid and post-menopausal status was no longer associated with a decreased ability to obtain breast fluid. After multivariate adjustment, age, being married, a history of pregnancy, tranquilizer use and a history of endocrine problems remained positively associated with the ability to obtain breast fluid. In addition, menopausal women who took estrogen were less likely to yield fluid than premenopausal women. Four variables (being married, history of pregnancy, tranquilizer use and endocrine disorders) remained positively associated with the ability to obtain NAF in all analyses. A younger age was consistently associated with a greater ability to obtain NAF in this and other studies.
Distributed VSCADA: An integrated heterogeneous framework for power system utility security modeling and simulation

The economic machinery of the United States is reliant on complex large-scale cyber-physical systems which include electric power grids, oil and gas systems, transportation systems, etc. Protection of these systems and their control from security threats and improvement of the robustness and resilience of these systems, are important goals. Since all these systems have Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) in their control centers, a number of test beds have been developed at various laboratories. Usually on such test beds, people are trained to operate and protect these critical systems. In this paper, we describe a virtualized distributed test bed that we developed for modeling and simulating SCADA applications and to carry out related security research. The test bed is a virtualized by integrating various heterogeneous simulation components. This test bed can be reconfigured to simulate the SCADA of a power system, or a transportation system or any other critical systems, provided a back-end domain specific simulator for such systems are attached to it. In this paper, we describe how we created a scalable architecture capable of simulating larger infrastructures and by integrating communication models to simulate different network protocols. We also developed a series of middleware packages that integrates various simulation platforms into our test bed using the Python scripting language. To validate the usability of the test bed, we briefly describe how a power system SCADA scenario can be modeled and simulated in our test bed.
Democracy in America, 2015

The US faces a crisis of governance that lies in the deep, long-term polarization of its party system. While exacerbated by the recent financial crisis and recession, polarizing trends can be detected as early as in the late 1970s. Over the course of four decades, a combination of ideological division and intense electoral competition has eroded the bipartisan glue that our fragmented policymaking institutions require to function. As a result, the US has generally been unable to address pressing long-term policy problems within the ‘normal’ constitutional framework, if at all. First, the branch of government closest and most representative of the people, the Congress, has declined precipitously in terms of power and public standing. Second, our extremely divisive politics and unmet policy challenges have eroded citizens’ faith in the American government. Finally, polarization has created and reinforced widening economic disparities that have generated substantial political inequalities.
Assessment, Measurement, and Prediction for Personnel Decisions

Part 1. Foundations for Personnel Decisions. 1. Membership Decisions in Organizations. 2. Analysis of Selection Problems. 3. Developing the Predictive Hypothesis. 4. The Legal Context for Personnel Decisions. Part 2. Psychometric and Statistical Foundations 5. Basic Concepts in Measurement. 6. Further Concepts in Measurement. 7. Bivariate Prediction of Performance. 8. The Use of Multivariate Statistics. 9. Bias, Group Differences, and Adverse Impact. Part 3. Assessment Methods: Practice and Research 10. Challenges to Traditional Ways. 11. Assessments by Tests and Inventories. 12. Judgement as Assessment and Prediction. 13. Assessment by Rating. 14. Assessment by Interviews, Resumes, and "Assembled Tests." 15. Multiple Assessment Methods.
Revisiting the evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in midlatitudes

[1] Previous studies have suggested that Arctic amplification has caused planetary-scale waves to elongate meridionally and slow down, resulting in more frequent blocking patterns and extreme weather. Here trends in the meridional extent of atmospheric waves over North America and the North Atlantic are investigated in three reanalyses, and it is demonstrated that previously reported positive trends are likely an artifact of the methodology. No significant decrease in planetary-scale wave phase speeds are found except in October-November-December, but this trend is sensitive to the analysis parameters. Moreover, the frequency of blocking occurrence exhibits no significant increase in any season in any of the three reanalyses, further supporting the lack of trends in wave speed and meridional extent. This work highlights that observed trends in midlatitude weather patterns are complex and likely not simply understood in terms of Arctic amplification alone.
Noninvasive measurement and imaging of tissue structure and oxygenation using infrared time-of-flight absorbance (TOFA) spectrophotometry

Advances in the ability to produce and process near-infrared (NIR) light for in vivo analysis has led to an explosion in the number of techniques holding promise in the early detection and diagnosis of metabolic and structural problems. Using a picosecond time-of-flight and absorbance (TOFA) near-infrared multi-wavelength spectrophotometer, we have been studying optical-based imaging and quantitation. We have imaged the interior of scattering bodies, and produced images of whole animals in which major organs are visible. In humans, we are using a similar approach to locate and define intracranial bleeding in critically il infants. We have measured the resolving power of such a system to be better than 7 mm in infant brain, and 3mm in adult breast. We are investigating approaches to measure cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and arterial and venous saturation,. parameters useful in the detection and treatment of diseases related to problems in the delivery of oxygen to tissue. Combination of an imaging and quantitation approaches may yield additional information,. by allowing regional problems to be identified spatially, and this may result in improved treatment. As a result, the health-saving and life-saving potential of NIR optical imaging and quantitation is great.
Characteristics of tone-pip response patterns in relationship to spontaneous rate in cat auditory nerve fibers

The responses of single auditory nerve (AN) fibers in the cat were recorded in response to 25 ms tone pips. Peristimulus time histograms (PSTH) of discharge patterns recorded from fibers with high spontaneous rates (high SRs), show that the discharge rate rapidly adapts to a much lower steady-state level over a 15 ms period with shorter times for units with best frequencies (CFs) greater than 5 kHz. The PSTHs of auditory nerve fibers with low SRs do not show this pattern of rapid adaptation. Differences between the high and low SR populations include higher thresholds, better tuning, and longer latency in the low SR population. The peak-to-steady-state discharge ratio is an increasing function of SR and CF; it varies from 1.0 for fibers with SR = 0 to over 8 for fibers with high SRs and CFs near 10 kHz. This ratio increases with increasing stimulus intensity and stimulus recovery time. The high SR population shows a number of responses to transients which are weak or absent in the low SR population. Increasing the recovery time shortened the latency of both high and low SR AN fibers by as much as 1 ms. A number of other response properties of AN fibers are also reported that are important when interpreting the responses of cochlear nucleus neurons to tone pips.
When epistemic closure does and does not fail: a lesson from the history of epistemology

Does the failure of a necessary condition for knowledge to be closed under known entailment imply that knowledge itself is not closed under known entailment? More generally, does the failure of a necessary condition for knowledge to be closed under some relation R imply that knowledge itself is not closed under relation R? An examination of the recent history of epistemology would lead one to think that the answer to these questions is 'yes'. I show in this note that the correct answer to these questions is 'no'. Those who answer 'yes' are committing the fallacy of composition. I also show that the mistake merits correction because it concerns important matters and occurs quite frequently. Near the beginning of his impressive early overview of issues concerning epistemic closure principles and their possible use in sceptical argumentation, Anthony Brueckner asserts that 'Knowledge is closed under known logical implication only if each necessary condition is so closed' (1985: 91). It is likely that in making this remark Brueckner was taking his cue from earlier work on epistemic closure by Robert Nozick. Nozick, (1981/1998), had defended his well known 'tracking' account of knowledge, which in its simplest form says that: S knows that P if and only if
CNVnet: combining sparse learning and biological networks to capture joint effect of copy number variants

The impact of individual copy number variants (CNVs) on human traits is becoming increasingly clear through technological advances in genetic studies. However, interactions between CNVs exerting joint effects on phenotypes has not been well characterized since the sheer number of CNVs in the human genome, presents a computational challenge for evaluating interactions among multiple CNVs. To address this unmet need and characterize CNVs that cooperate with each other to modulate phenotype, we developed a novel systematic approach, CNVnet, which combines sparse learning and biological networks to identify interacting CNVs with joint phenotypic effect. We applied CNVnet to analyze the CNV catalog of human genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project and identified CNVs that collectively contribute to population differentiation, affect gene expression patterns, and potentially have downstream biomedical implications. Our approach establishes a framework to analyze the manner by which multiple genetic variants act in concert to affect a given phenotype.
Gravity and suspension effects on the dynamics of controlled structures

The effects of gravity on the actuators, sensors and structural plant of a controlled flexible structure are investigated. These influences include gravity stiffening, gravity induced deformations, gravity influence on inertial sensors and actuators, and the interaction with the suspension system. For each of the four influences, a simplified model is derived, from which the appropriate non-dimensional parameter can be identified, and the magnitude of the influence estimated. The construction of a detailed numerical model, which includes the four gravity influences, is outlined. This modeling procedure is then applied to a simplified model of the Middeck Active Control Eperiment (MACE). The influence on the poles and input-output transfer function is examined for several variations in the plant. The modeling procedure is also applied to the MACE experimental hardware. Experimental and model-based transfer functions are compared to demonstrate the significant improvement by incorporating gravity effects.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Phonon Backscattering in a Nanowire

Surface roughness can play a large role in phonon transport in nanoscale devices. Phonon scattering at a surface is often treated to be either specular, diffusive, or partially specular and partially diffuse. The observation of backscattering of gas molecules on a surface has led us to speculate that under certain conditions strong phonon backscattering can occur at a surface. Such backscattering is usually not taken into account in phonon transport simulation. In this work, Monte Carlo simulation of phonon transport is employed to investigate whether phonon backscattering can occur at the surface of a silicon nanowire with V-shaped surface roughness of various sizes.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Physical discipline and behavior problems in African American, European American, and Hispanic children: Emotional support as a moderator.

Using data collected over a 6-year period on a sample of 1,039 European American children, 550 African American children, and 401 Hispanic children from the children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study assessed whether maternal emotional support of the child moderates the relation between spanking and behavior problems. Children were 4‐5 years of age in the first of 4 waves of data used (1988, 1990, 1992, 1994). At each wave, mothers reported their use of spanking and rated their children’s behavior problems. Maternal emotional support of the child was based on interviewer observations conducted as part of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. For each of the 3 racial-ethnic groups, spanking predicted an increase in the level of problem behavior over time, controlling for income-needs ratio and maternal emotional support. Maternal emotional support moderated the link between spanking and problem behavior. Spanking was associated with an increase in behavior problems over time in the context of low levels of emotional support, but not in the context of high levels of emotional support. This pattern held for all 3 racial-ethnic groups.
Enhancing virtualized application performance through dynamic adaptive paging mode selection

Virtual address translation in a virtual machine monitor (VMM) for modern x86 processors can be implemented using a software approach known as shadow paging or a hardware approach known as nested paging. Most VMMs, including our Palacios VMM, support both. Using a range of benchmark measurements, we show that which approach is preferable for achieving high application performance under virtualization is workload dependent, and that the performance differences between the two approaches can be substantial. We have developed an algorithm, based on measuring the TLB miss rate and the VMM exit rate for paging-related exits, for measuring the performance of the current paging approach during normal execution and predicting when switching approaches is likely to be beneficial to the application. We combine this with new support in Palacios for switching paging approaches at any time to implement a dynamic adaptive paging approach called DAV2M for dynamically adaptive virtualized virtual memory. DAV2M attempts to deliver application performance that is the same or better than the best static approach for a given workload. Our evaluation shows that it does so, and, for a range of benchmarks, DAV2M delivers performance within 5--8% of native, reducing overheads by as much as a factor of four. Although both the shadow and nested paging approaches are evolving, the dynamic adaptive approach can combine their best qualities.
Liver: Detecting alcohol intake in patients with ALD

Various methods screen for alcohol consumption in patients with alcoholic liver disease. However, each test has its own limitations. The feasibility of the methanol test for identifying recent alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates has been investigated. New studies are required to optimize the best strategy in these patients.
Effect of positional loading of three removable partial denture clasp assemblies on movement of abutment teeth

Tests demonstrated that the degree of movement of the abutment tooth for a distal-extension base using three different clasp designs was a function of the location of loading. Thus, the null hypothesis, there is no significant difference in the degree of movement of the abutment tooth around the axis of rotation as a function of the position of loading, has been demonstrated to be invalid based on the data obtained in this investigation.
Fetal growth restriction alters hippocampal 17-beta estradiol and estrogen receptor alpha levels in the newborn male rat.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes in affected newborns. The pathogenesis of FGR-associated neurodevelopmental impairment implicates abnormal hippocampal function. The steroid hormone estrogen and its receptor, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), are involved in the normal programming of hippocampal development and structure. However, the impact of FGR on hippocampal estrogen and hippocampal ERα is not well characterized. We hypothesized that FGR will reduce hippocampal and serum levels of 17-beta estradiol and its receptor, ERα, in the newborn rat hippocampus. We further hypothesize that FGR will reduce hippocampal ERα levels in a region-specific manner. To test our hypotheses, we used the well characterized rat model of FGR induced by uteroplacental-insufficiency in the pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat. Hippocampi and serum were obtained from FGR and control day 0 rat pups and examined for hippocampal 17-beta estradiol, serum 17-beta estradiol, and ERα mRNA and ...
Prediction of light scattering from particles on a filmed surface using discrete-dipole approximation

Numerical calculation of angle-resolved light scattering characteristics of features with arbitrary shape, such as particle contaminations and surface defects, on a filmed surface is very useful to the development and calibration of wafer inspection tools. A model and associated code based on the discrete-dipole approximation used to compute the light scattering form a particle on a filmed surface is developed. The reflection interaction matrix is modified with the Sommerfeld integrals for filmed surfaces. 3D fast Fourier transform method is used for accelerating the computation. Model predicted scattering signatures for a 0.305 micrometers polystyrene latex sphere on a smooth thin layer of silicon dioxide film on silicon substrate are compared with experimental results. The incident beam has a wavelength of 632.8 nm and the incident angle is 70 degree. The comparison shows very good agreement between the modeling results and experimental results. The model is also checked with another numerical mode,, which further shows the validity of the model.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Application of XPS to the determination of the size of supported particles in a catalyst—Model development and its application to describe the sintering behavior of a silica-supported Pt film

A general expression relating the observed XPS intensity ratio of the dispersed phase to the carrier of a catalyst with the size of the dispersed particles has been derived. The shape of the supported particles dictates the type of functional relationship which exists between the observed XPS intensity ratio and the size of the supported particles. This functional relationship has been derived for spherical, hemispherical, and cubic particles. The chemical nature of the catalyst is expressed as a parameter, λc(E), describing the mean free path for inelastic scattering of the dispersed-phase photoelectrons in the supported particles. A special case can be generated from this general expression to account for a linear relationship of the loading of the dispersed phase with the observed XPS dispersed phase/carrier intensity ratio provided that there is no maldistribution of the supported particles on the surface of the carrier. The derived expression is utilized successfully to describe the sintering behavior of a monoatomic Pt film on a silica substrate under hydrogen.
Syntheses of polysulfones containing chelating reagents and their application to the preconcentration of trace metals

Polysulfone (PSf) was functionalized with three different metal-ion chelating ligands: 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol. These chelating group-immobilized polysulfone polymers were evaluated for the chelation of trace metals from seawater samples. The chelating characteristics of PSf modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline were superior to the others. In addition to the powder form, microfiltration membranes were cast, modified and evaluated for heavy metal chelation.
Modified Liu-Type Estimator Based on (r − k) Class Estimator

In this article, we introduced a new Liu-type estimator which includes the ordinary least squares estimator (OLS), ordinary ridge regression estimator (ORR), Liu estimator (LE), (k − d) class estimator, principal components regression (PCR) estimator, (r − d) class estimator, and (r − k) class estimator. Under some conditions, the performance of the proposed estimator is superior to the other estimators by using the scalar mean squares error criterion. A simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of the estimators. Finally, a numerical example has been analyzed to illustrate the theoretical results of the article.
Preparation and Characterization of Palladium Shells with Gold and Silica Cores

This paper describes the structural and optical properties of core−shell particles in which the outer shell is composed of palladium and the inner core is composed of either gold (conducting) or silica (dielectric). Monodispersed gold-core particles having ∼75 nm diameters were prepared by conventional citrate reduction; silica-core particles having diameters ranging from 100 to 500 nm were prepared by the Stober method. The silica-core particles were functionalized with amine groups and seeded with small gold nanoparticles (∼2−3 nm). Both types of core particles were then coated with palladium to afford controllable sizes of core−shell particles ranging from ∼100 to 600 nm in overall diameter (i.e., the palladium shell thickness could be varied from 10 to 60 nm). The optical properties, morphology, and elemental composition of the composite nanoparticles were characterized by UV−vis, FE-SEM, EDX, DLS, and TEM. The results demonstrate that palladium shell nanoparticles can be reliably prepared in a contro...
Analysis of distributed commit protocols

The reliability of atomic commit protocols for distributed systems is investigated. Recent research has proved that blocking is unavoidable after certain site or network failures. The results of this paper enable one to quantify the expected amount of such blocking.A probabilistic model of a distributed system is developed, consisting of two components: a model of the communication network and a model of distributed transaction processing. We introduce the notion of the window of uncertainty for a site participating in a distributed transaction, which characterizes when that site is vulnerable to blocking in the event of a network partition. The model is then used to evaluate and compare the expected number of blocked sites for several atomic commit protocols.
Broadcasting in random graphs

Abstract We do a probabilistic analysis of the problem of distributing a single piece of information to the vertices of a graph G. Assuming that the input graph G is Gn,p, we prove an O(ln n/n) upper bound on the edge density needed so that with high probability the information can be broadcast in ⌈log2 n⌉ rounds.
Inheritance of sectoring frequency inFusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi)

Strains ofFusarium moniliforme differ in the frequency at which they produce chlorate-resistant sectors on medium containing chlorate. Five strains with sectoring frequencies of 0.95, 0.50, and <0.10 were crossed and the progeny were scored for the frequency with which subcultures produced sectors on chlorate medium. The sectoring frequencies of progeny from most crosses were widely distributed around the mean parental frequencies. Segregants with higher or lower frequencies than those of the parents were obtained from all crosses. The distribution of progeny in most crosses was statistically consistent with a model of additive polygenic inheritance, indicating that sectoring is controlled by many genes. We also examined 70 field isolates ofF. moniliforme from a broad geographical distribution for frequency of sectoring on chlorate medium and found a broad range of frequencies. Most of the field isolates sectored, but the frequency of infrequently sectoring strains was higher among the field isolates than it was among the progeny of any of the crosses. The range of frequencies among field isolates may represent a balance between the ability to rapidly respond to selection pressure and the maintenance of well-adapted phenotypes.
An Analysis of Hotel Employees' Motivation Using Kovach's Ten Factor Model

Abstract Human resource professionals in the hospitality industry are faced with many challenges when it comes to attracting and retaining employees. Understanding what motivates employees may help to meet some of those challenges. This research employed Kovach's Ten Factor Model to analyze the motivators of a diverse work force in a large hotel in a major southeastern U.S. city.
Utility of diagnostic and prognostic markers in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Urothelial carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder demonstrates diverse morphologic features, often leading to diagnostic challenges in the discrimination between UCC and benign mimickers of neoplasia, and between primary UCC and secondary neoplasms involving the bladder. In situ lesions also provide diagnos
Surface moulage treatment techniques utilizing cobalt‐60 teletherapy. A follow‐up study

Study of a method of treatment of carcinomas of the ear, nose, and penis that would provide no loss of function, and good cosmetic end results was undertaken at the Naval Hospital, San Diego, in 1957. Cobalt-60 teletherapy with a surface moulage of wax or acrylic resin was employed. The procedure is relatively simple and convenient, with ease of directing the therapy beam. There is increased homogeneity of dosage on irregular surfaces such as the nose, plus good clinical control of the lesions. During the past 5 years an increasing number of patients have been treated with the surface moulage-Cobalt-60 teletherapy combination. Squamous cell carcinomas are treated with ten 450-rad treatments over a 12-day period, while basal cell carcinomas receive nine 450-rad treatments over an 11-day period. The striking features of this form of therapy are rapid healing and excellent cosmetic results. A 94% 1-year survival rate which is maintained through the fifth year was obtained.
Biological Indicators of Stress in Fish

(1992). Biological Indicators of Stress in Fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 121, No. 2, pp. 274-276.
Leaching Characteristics of Hanford Ferrocyanide Wastes

A series of leach tests were performed on actual Hanford Site tank wastes in support of the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The samples were targeted composite slurries...
Ozone Decomposition Data for Kinetics Exercises

The goal of this paper is to provide data that can be used in a variety of exercises ranging from kinetics in general chemistry to advanced problems in physical chemistry. The data provided relates to ozone-decay kinetics in various atmospheres (O2, N2, Ar) as measured by ultraviolet/visible absorbance spectroscopy (UV/vis) at 254 nm. The absorbance of ozone is monitored over a 75-min time period, and by using Beer’s law the concentration is calculated. Nine data sets, each repeated three times, of absorbance measurements are provided for student exercises, and prelaboratory and postlaboratory questions are suggested.
Quantum chemical calculations of flexible opiate narcotics: Methadone, meperidine, and prodines

Using the pcilo method, the conformational behavior and charge distribution of two types of flexible opiate narcotics—acyclic methadone and the 4-phenyl piperidines, meperidine and prodine—have been made and the extent to which they mimic rigid opiates such as morphine determined. While the charge distribution around the protonated amine nitrogen is similar for the three classes of compounds, low energy conformers of meperidine, prodine, and methadone did not resemble morphine in the relative position of the amine nitrogen, the phenyl ring, and polar oxygen groups, three common structural features assumed important in analgesic activity. Evidence is presented that the flexible 4-phenyl piperdine narcotics act at the morphine receptor in a Φ-equatorial conformation with the same cationic receptor site as morphine. On this basis, the relative potencies of meperidine and desmethyl prodine have been accounted for and the potency difference from (+) to (—) isomers of prodine satisfactorily explained. We have also shown that methadone cannot readily assume a conformation which maximally resembles morphine, such conformers being high energy forms, and that a conformer with direct interaction between the protonated amine and carbonyl group is most favored. This minimum energy conformer of methadone can also act at the receptor with the same nitrogen atom contact as morphine. In such an orientation it resembles the minimum energy meperidine conformer, making similar polar group and phenyl ring receptor contact possible for these two structurally different classes of opiate analgesics.
Characterization of the response of commercial diode detectors used for in vivo dosimetry

The response of a commercially available diode-based in vivo dosimetry system was studied over a selection of clinically relevant photon beam setups. The dosimetry system consists of a dedicated multichannel electrometer with several diode detectors differing only in their equivalent wall buildup. Each detector is calibrated for a specific nominal beam energy and used clinically with that energy only. To study dosimeter response, a diode taped to the surface of a solid water phantom was irradiated simultaneously with an end-window chamber placed at a depth of dmax inside the same phantom. Photon beams with energies of Co-60, 6 and 18 MV were used. For each beam energy, the response of the diode relative to the given dose as measured by the end-window chamber was evaluated for open and wedged fields (0 degree to 60 degrees) with source-to-surface distances (SSDs) ranging from 75 to 120 cm and collimator settings from 5 x 5 to 40 x 40 cm2. It was found that diode response, i.e., diode reading per cGy of given dose, varies significantly with treatment beam setup. For example, increasing field size for a constant SSD causes a decrease of up to 15% in diode response relative to the given dose for 6 and 18 MV beams, while for Co-60 an increase in response of up to 5% results. Furthermore, increasing SSD for a fixed collimator setting results in decreased diode response (up to 10%) for all beams. The complicated dependence of diode response on beam setup necessitates the use of empirical response curves, similar to those evaluated in this work, to accurately convert clinical dosimeter reading to dose at depth.
RNA metabolism of murine leukemia virus: Detection of virus-specific RNA sequences in infected and uninfected cells and identification of virus-specific messenger RNA

Abstract Virus-specific RNA sequences were detected in mouse cells infected with murine leukemia virus by hybridization with radioactively labeled DNA complementary to Moloney murine leukemia virus RNA. The DNA was synthesized in vitro using the endogenous virion RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the DNA product was characterized by size and its ability to protect radioactive viral RNA. Virus-specific RNA sequences were found in two lines of leukemia virus-infected cells (JLS-V11 and SCRF 60A) and also in an uninfected line (JLS-V9). Approximately 0.3% of the cytoplasmic RNA in JLS-VII cells was virus-specific and 0.9% of SCRF 60A cell RNA was virus-specific. JLS-V9 cells contained approximately tenfold less virus-specific RNA than infected JLS-VII cells. Moloney leukemia virus DNA completely annealed to JLS-VII or SCRF 60A RNA but only partial annealing was observed with JLS-V9 RNA. This difference is ascribed to non-homologies between the RNA sequences of Moloney virus and the endogenous virus of JLS-V9 cells. Virus-specific RNA was found to exist in infected cells in three major size classes: 60–70 S RNA, 35 S RNA and 20–30 S RNA. The 60–70 S RNA was apparently primarily at the cell surface, since agents which remove material from the cell surface were effective in removing a majority of the 60–70 S RNA. The 35 S and 20–30 S RNA is relatively unaffected by these procedures. Sub-fractionation of the cytoplasm indicated that approximately 35% of the cytoplasmic virus-specific RNA in infected cells is contained in the membrane-bound material. The membrane-bound virus-specific RNA consists of some residual 60–70 S RNA and 35 S RNA, but very little 20–30 S RNA. Virus-specific messenger RNA was identified in polyribosome gradients of infected cell cytoplasm. Messenger RNA was differentiated from other virus-specific RNAs by the criterion that virus-specific messenger RNA must change in sedimentation rate following polyribosome disaggregation. Two procedures for polyribosome disaggregation were used: treatment with EDTA and in vitro incubation of polyribosomes with puromycin in conditions of high ionic strength. As identified by this criterion, the virus-specific messenger RNA appeared to be mostly 35 S RNA. No function for the 20–30 S was determined.
An ab initio study of the ground and first excited state of HCN ↔ HNC isomerization and a calculation of the HNC A → X fluorescence spectrum

Abstract We report ab initio calculations of the minima and transition states of the HCN → HNC isomerization in the X(A′) and A(A″) electronic states, and the A-X transition moment in the neighborhood of the HNC isomer. The HNC(A) potential is fit to a fourth-order Simons-Parr-Finlan force field, and the nuclear coordinate dependence of the A-X transition moment is fit to a polynomial in displacement coordinates. The A-X fluorescence spectrum is calculated using a rigorously calculated wavefunction for the HNC(A), the fitted transition moment, and hundreds of previously calculated HCN/HNC(X) vibrational wavefunctions, which were obtained using a previous global ab initio potential.
Disney and Its Conservative Critics: Images Versus Realities

(1996). Disney and Its Conservative Critics: Images Versus Realities. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 24, Walt Disney, pp. 82-89.
Correction of hyperopia with intracorneal implants

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracorneal lenses as a surgical alternative for the correction of hyperopia. Setting Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, and Louisiana State University Eye Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Methods PermaVision® lenses (Anamed Inc.) were implanted in the left eye of 20 albino rabbits that were followed for 6 months by confocal microscopy. The lenses are made of a highly permeable hydrogel with 70% water content and a refractive index close to that of corneal tissue (1.376). The Carriazo-Barraquer microkeratome (Moria) was used to create a 150 μm corneal flap with a diameter of 8.5 mm or larger. The intracorneal lens was placed under the flap after minimal interface irrigation. Results At 3 days, confocal microscopy showed interface edema that resolved after 1 week. No flap melting or excursion of the lens was noted. In 1 eye, a deep lamellar keratitis was seen. At 6 months, the edge of the lens showed excellent compatibility, with no keratocytic activity or intrastromal fibrosis. Conclusions Intracorneal hydrogel lenses were well tolerated by stromal tissue in rabbits. They are potentially safe and can be considered as an alternative for the correction of hyperopia. Further clinical studies are required to confirm their safety in humans.
Histamine-Releasing Activity and Binding to the FcεRIα Human Mast Cell Receptor Subunit of Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide Analogues with Alanine Substitutions

We have investigated the effects on mast cell binding and the histamine-releasing activity of l-alanine substitutions for the five lysine residues and the proline residue in the MCD peptide (1) sequence. All synthesized analogues Ala2 (2), Ala6 (3), Ala11 (4), Ala12 (5), Ala17 (6), and Ala21 (7) showed a loss of histamine release compared to the parent MCD peptide 1. The order of decreased potency was 1 > 6 > 7 > 4 > 2 > 3 > 5. The alanine-substituted analogues showed a 5- to 6-fold decrease in histamine release for analogues 6, 7, and 4 and a 10-fold decrease for analogue 2. A more significant loss was observed in analogue 3 with a 75-fold loss of activity. The greatest loss of activity was observed with alanine substituting for proline in position 12. This analogue 5 showed a 130-fold loss of histamine release compared to the parent peptide 1. The ability of each analogue to interact with the FceRIα subunit of the human mast cell receptor was analyzed by competitive binding of the fluorescent peptide 1 ...
The risk of adolescent suicide across patterns of drug use: a nationally representative study of high school students in the United States from 1999 to 2009

Substance use is associated with suicidal ideation, planning and attempts among adolescents, but it is unclear how this association varies across different types and number of substances. This study examined the association between patterns of substance use and suicidality among a nationally representative sample of high school students in the United States during the last decade. Data from the 2001 to 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey including 73,183 high school students were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses examined the association between lifetime use of ten common substances of abuse (alcohol, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, marijuana, methamphetamines, steroids, and tobacco) and four measures of suicidality over the last year (suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and severe suicide attempt requiring medical attention), controlling for potential confounders (socio-demographic variables, interpersonal violence, sexual intercourse, and symptoms of depression and eating disorder). Among the ten substances, univariate analysis demonstrates that adolescents reporting a history of heroin use have the strongest association with suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempts and severe suicide attempts in the last year (odds ratio = 5.0, 5.9, 12.0, and 23.6 compared to non-users), followed by users of methamphetamines (OR = 4.3–13.1) and steroids (OR = 3.7–11.8). Cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens and inhalants had a moderate association with suicidality (OR = 3.1–10.8). Users of marijuana, alcohol and tobacco also had an increased odds ratio of suicidality (OR = 1.9–5.2). The association between each of ten substances and the four measures of suicidality remained significant with multivariate analysis controlling for multiple confounders (p < 0.05), except for the association between alcohol use and severe suicide attempts. The seven illicit substances had a stronger association with severe suicide attempts as compared to all other confounding risk factors except depression. The number of substances used had a graded relationship to suicidality. Substance abuse is a strong risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among American high school students, with the strength of this relationship dramatically increasing with particular illicit drugs and a higher number of substances. The findings reinforce the importance of routine screening for substance abuse in the assessment of adolescent suicide risk.
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride toxicity: a cause of drug-induced methemoglobinemia.

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride, an azo dye, has been used as a genitourinary antiseptic and analgesic since the late 1920s. Despite its widespread use, alone and in combination (Table 1), there have been few reports of toxicity. Only two cases have been reported in which phenazopyridine was ingested with suicidal intent.I, 2 Seven cases of acute accidental ingestion 3-9 and nine cases of chronic overdose, often in patients with renal impairment, have also been reported. 7,1°-15 Of the seven acute accidental ingestions, five were in chilclren three years of age or less (Table 2). In addition, a phenazopyridine-induced hypersensitivity hepatitis has been noted in four other patients, l~-~s No deaths directly attributable to phenazopyridine toxicity have occurred, although Alano and Webster 7 described an elderly patient who died from pulmonary embolism while being treated for accidental phenazopyridine overdose.
Cohen and set theory

We discuss the work of Paul Cohen in set theory and its influence, especially the background, discovery, development of forcing.
The Universal Teacher, by J. E. Maddy and T. P. Giddings (1923)

The Universal Teacher for Orchestra and Band Instruments (UT), a class method by Joseph E. Maddy and Thaddeus P. Giddings published by the Conn Musical Instrument Company in 1923, was the subject of this study. Research questions focused on (1) details surrounding the writing and publishing of the UT; (2) philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical principles behind the method; (3) the influence of the UT on class teaching and subsequent books; and (4) implications of this research for modern practice. Maddy and Giddings wrote the UT from 1920 to 1922 while teaching summer methods courses together at Chautauqua, New York, and at the University of Southern California. The authors designed the book to appeal to children by applying the song method from elementary vocal music to instrumental instruction. This pedagogy differed from previous instrumental methods in that instructional material consisted entirely of melodies rather than scales and exercises. The UT also employed a detailed, systematic series ...