cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limit on the decay KL0--> microe.

We report on a search for the lepton-generation-number-violating decay ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}e$. We find $B({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})l1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ (90% confidence level).
Roundness and Sphericity of Soil Particles in Assemblies by Computational Geometry

AbstractThe use of computational geometry methods for determining soil roundness (R) and sphericity (S) were evaluated and extended to particles segmented from images of three-dimensional particle assemblies. Two Adobe Photoshop lasso tools were used to delineate particles with full projections from the assemblies. Results were in excellent agreement with values published in traditional roundness and sphericity charts, thus confirming that the computational method can replace the much slower and less objective chart methods. Complete volume-based distributions of particle roundness and sphericity were presented for three soils with vastly different particle shapes. Values of R and S obtained from images of three-dimensional assemblies were almost indistinguishable from values obtained using images of detached particles showing their largest projected areas. Mean R values were also computed for 10 different soils of various geologic origins. As expected, crushed sands exhibited the smallest mean values of ...
The determination of biot's parameters for sandstones

One of the acceptable theories in describing the wave motions in fluid saturated porous rocks is Biot's theory2 In this paper, we present the procedures in the determination of the parameters in Biot's theory. One artificial rock “Alundum’ and three types of natural sandstones were tested. The calculated wave speeds in the rock specimens, based on the experimentally determined Biot's parameters, were found in good agreement with the measured dilatational wave speeds using the ultrasonic pulse method
The Effects of Lying on the Relationship Between Voice and Self- Perceived Status

This study examines the relationship between two criteria of procedural fairness, representativeness and ethicality, and self- perceived status. With representativeness (i.e., given vs. not given v...
Déjà vu all over again: Spatial science, quantitative revolutions and the culture of numbers

Spatial science and its associated quantitative methods have played and continue to play an important role in geographic thought. They are also important parts of the geography curriculum and need ...
Application of Raman Microscopy for Simultaneous and Quantitative Evaluation of Multiple Intracellular Polymers Dynamics Functionally Relevant to Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes

Polyphosphate (poly-P), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and glycogen are the key functionally relevant intracellular polymers involved in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Further understanding of the mechanisms of EBPR has been hampered by the lack of cellular level quantification tools to accurately measure the dynamics of these polymers during the EBPR process. In this study, we developed a novel Raman microscopy method for simultaneous identification and quantification of poly-P, PHB, and glycogen abundance in each individual cell and their distribution among the populations in EBPR. Validation of the method was demonstrated via a batch phosphorus uptake and release test, in which the total intracellular polymers abundance determined via Raman approach correlated well with those measured via conventional bulk chemical analysis (correlation coefficient r = 0.8 for poly-P, r = 0.94 for PHB, and r = 0.7 for glycogen). Raman results, for the first time, clearly showed the distributions of microbial cells containing different abundance levels of the three intracellular polymers under the same environmental conditions (at a given time point), indicating population heterogeneity exists. The results revealed the intracellular distribution and dynamics of the functionally relevant polymers in different metabolic stages of the EBPR process and elucidated the association of cellular metabolic state with the fate of these polymers during various substrates availability conditions.
The Caister–Murdoch System (CMS) III Carboniferous cluster development, UK Southern North Sea

The Caister–Murdoch System (CMS) III development comprises five separate Late Carboniferous Westphalian gas accumulations that surround the CMS transport hub in Quadrant 44 of the UK Southern North Sea: Hawksley, Murdoch K, McAdam, Watt and Boulton H. All are relatively small, single-well discoveries and most have been lying undeveloped for several years. The following factors have contributed to their development: new techniques for seismic mapping and visualization have allowed a more complete understanding of the field geometries and trapping styles and greatly facilitated well design and reduced planning costs; a better understanding of Carboniferous reservoirs, including a more detailed sub-division of the Westphalian B and C/D that has led to more optimal targeting of the development wells; a unitized agreement between the parties who have equity in the satellites and transportation systems negotiated prior to project sanction; and the consecutive development of five fields reducing the overall cost and risk of the project.
Public health emergency response capacity on current situation and evaluation of CDC in Harbin

Objective To understand Harbin primary disease prevention and control in public health emergency response capacity of the current situation,assess the strength of their institutional and person capacity,find out relative problem of emergency response system,and provide measures.Methods It was used with uniform questionnaire and investigated 18 districts(counties) disease control agencies and relevant emergency management personnel in Harbin.Each of investigative result was endowed score and summarized results,the final result of each CDC.Results It was unevenly distributed in each of CDC education and professional qualification.The overall situation of emergency preparedness and response capabilities was better.It was less collaboration of disease control departments.It needed to be improved of various disease control department inspection capabilities,drill frequency,and business training.Conclusion Through a comprehensive assessment of the district(county) level CDC public health emergency response capability,it finds out its characteristics and weaknesses.It is suggested to take a targeted improvement measures,and improve capacity of public health emergency response and grassroots CDC improve the emergency response system.
Traceability survey of newly reported HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients in Yunan county of Guangdong from 2008-2010

[Objective]To understand the type of high-risk behavior,the routes of infection,infection status and secondary transmission among newly reported HIV-infected persons,AIDS patients and contacts of high-risk behavior,to explore the effectiveness and probability of the new methods for discovering new HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients,and provide evidence for developing AIDS prevention strategies.[Methods]The traceability survey was performed on the survival 52 cases of HIV infection,AIDS patients and their high-risk contacts.[Results]A total of 45 HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients were investigated,309 contacts were reported,109 had informational contact,86 with follow-up investigation,among which 15(17.4%)had been confirmed HIV infection.A total of 56 received HIV antibody testing,4 were confirmed HIV positive by test,the positive detection rate was 7.1%.[Conclusion]HIV-positive detection rate of traceability survey is relatively high,which can effectively detect potential HIV infection,but contact tracing investigation is difficult,especially drug users who sharing syringe,commercial sexual partners,non-spousal non-commercial partners.The future AIDS control will focus on high-risk behavior intervention among these populations.
Planned Versus Unplanned Reexplorations for Bleeding: A Comparison of Morbidity and Mortality

Background Mediastinal reexplorations for bleeding are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study hypothesized that bleeding patients who undergo delayed chest closure after an initial operation experience similar outcomes in comparison with patients who have initial chest closure and later require an unplanned reexploration. Methods This study included all patients in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Baltimore, MD) institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database who underwent cardiac surgical procedures or thoracic transplantation from 2011 to June 2014, had an intraoperative red blood cell transfusion requirement of 2 units or more, and required mediastinal reexploration for bleeding. Reexplorations were classified as planned (temporary chest closure for a planned "second look") or unplanned (initial sternal closure and subsequent reexploration). The two groups were then propensity matched. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were major complication rates, hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and incidence of postoperative pneumonia and cardiac arrest. Results Among 3,293 patients, 110 (3.3%) met inclusion criteria and required mediastinal reexploration for bleeding. This group included 62 planned (56%) and 48 unplanned (44%) reexplorations. After propensity matching 30 pairs of patients across 16 variables, operative mortality rates were comparable (37% vs 37%; p = 1.00) between unplanned and planned reexploration cohorts. There were no differences in rates of deep sternal wound infection, renal failure, postoperative hospital length of stay, pneumonia, or cardiac arrest, with the exception of a higher rate of prolonged intubation (93% vs 53%; p Conclusions Delayed sternal closure is a safe alternative to initial definitive chest closure when concern exists for postoperative bleeding.
HIV information needs of parents of young men who have sex with men

Objective Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have unique health concerns, including high rates of HIV infection. To prevent HIV, YMSM need credible information from trusted sources, specifically parents. Little is known about what health information resources parents of YMSM need to communicate with their child about HIV prevention. The primary objective of this study was to examine the proxy health information seeking behaviours of parents of YMSM and to identify information resources that parents need to communicate with their YMSM identified child about HIV prevention. Methods Qualitative findings were grouped into four categories: parents’ current health information sources; barriers to seeking health information; parents’ health information needs; and recommendations for delivery of health information for parents. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with parents of YMSM. Results Parents reported consulting physicians and the Internet for HIV/AIDS information. They reported finding limited information targeted towards parents of YMSM and provided suggestions for improving the delivery of health information including training, websites and the local news. Conclusions Delivery of tailored HIV prevention information to parents may be effective in helping combat HIV among YMSM. Given that YMSM bear the greatest burden for HIV, this study highlights the need to include parents of YMSM in future interventions aimed at reducing YMSM's risk of HIV/AIDS.
Mitochondria and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Recently, the connections between mitochondria and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have become increasingly clear. The nature of this connection is more complex than previously thought. A simple reduction in mitochondrial function does not cause ASD. A small but informative fraction of autism is caused by single-gene defects or DNA copy number variations, with the large majority of ASD being the result of variation in hundreds of genes and loci, interacting with environmental and other factors. The crossroads of genes and environment is metabolism. Mitocellular hormesis is the adaptation of cellular and mitochondrial metabolism to environmental change. Changes in nutrition, infectious agents, environmental toxicants, intellectual attention, and physical activity each play a role in mitocellular hormesis during children’s development. Definite mitochondrial disease is responsible for less than 5% of ASD, however, pathological disturbances in mitochondrial metabolism leading to excitotoxicity may lie at the heart of a larger proportion of ASD.
Dynamical Decoupling in Optical Fibers: Protecting Polarization Qubits from Birefringent Dephasing

We study preservation of polarization qubits in the polarization-maintaining fibers enhanced with dynamical decoupling sequence implemented in space instead of time. Such fibers maintain high fidelity with scalable waveplate implementations for specific input states.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Evaluation

Important steps in bone marrow aspirate evaluation include determining if bone marrow evaluation is indicated; using appropriate aspirate collection, smear preparation, and staining techniques; and performing a systematic approach for the cytologic evaluation. The cytologic evaluation of bone marrow requires knowledge of the morphology of bone marrow cell types, the proportion of these cell types normally present, and the ability to evaluate overall cellularity of bone marrow. Accurate interpretation of bone marrow cytologic findings depends on evaluation of a current complete blood cell count. These components are the pillars of getting the most useful information in the diagnosis of hematologic disorders.
Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach for Protein–Ligand Binding Analyses in Complex Biological Mixtures Using a Phenacyl Bromide Modification Strategy

The characterization of protein folding stability changes on the proteomic scale is useful for protein-target discovery and for the characterization of biological states. The Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) technique is one of several mass spectrometry-based techniques recently established for the making proteome-wide measurements of protein folding and stability. A critical part of proteome-wide applications of SPROX is the identification and quantitation of methionine-containing peptides. Demonstrated here is a targeted mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategy for the detection and quantitation of methionine-containing peptides in SPROX experiments. The strategy involves the use of phenacyl bromide (PAB) for the targeted detection and quantitation of methionine-containing peptides in SPROX using selective reaction monitoring (SRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QQQ-MS). As proof-of-principle, the known binding interaction of Cyclosporine A with cyclophilin A protein i...
Injectable Shear-Thinning Hydrogels for Minimally Invasive Delivery to Infarcted Myocardium to Limit Left Ventricular Remodeling

Background— Injectable, acellular biomaterials hold promise to limit left ventricular remodeling and heart failure precipitated by infarction through bulking or stiffening the infarct region. A material with tunable properties (eg, mechanics, degradation) that can be delivered percutaneously has not yet been demonstrated. Catheter-deliverable soft hydrogels with in vivo stiffening to enhance therapeutic efficacy achieve these requirements. Methods and Results— We developed a hyaluronic acid hydrogel that uses a tandem crosslinking approach, where the first crosslinking (guest–host) enabled injection and localized retention of a soft ( 50%; P <0.001) with dual-crosslinking but not guest–host injection. Remodeling, assessed by infarct thickness and left ventricular volume, was mitigated by hydrogel treatment. Ejection fraction was improved, relative to myocardial infarction at 8 weeks, with dual-crosslinking (37% improvement; P =0.014) and guest–host (15% improvement; P =0.058) treatments. Percutaneous delivery via endocardial injection was investigated with fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance, with delivery visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions— A percutaneous delivered hydrogel system was developed, and hydrogels with increased stiffness were found to be most effective in ameliorating left ventricular remodeling and preserving function. Ultimately, engineered systems such as these have the potential to provide effective clinical options to limit remodeling in patients after infarction.
Parcelization in rural agricultural and forested landscapes in Wisconsin, 1972–2007: evaluating multiple dimensions of human decision-making over time

ABSTRACTMany land-use change studies have relied on geographical explanatory factors. Unfortunately, they are but a single perspective in the multidimensional process of human decision-making. This project was designed to model the social, economic, geographic, and regulatory factors at the most appropriate unit of analysis, the landowner. By examining parcelization, a window is opened into the antecedent event of land-use change. A logistic regression model determined the likelihood a tax parcel would split in three time periods between 1953 and 2007. Geographic variables showed expected relationships to a parcelization event, while economic and regulatory variables illustrated some unexpected relationships. Social variables demonstrated scale issues that challenged their efficacy. A temporal analysis showed that historic parcelization was explained more robustly than more contemporary parcelization. The results could indicate that contemporary parcelization is driven by new and more complex factors not ...
Active inference for dynamic Bayesian networks

In supervised learning, many techniques focus on optimizing training phase to increase prediction performance. Active inference, a relatively novel paradigm, aims to decrease overall prediction error via selective collection of some labels based on relations among instances. In this research, we use dynamic Bayesian networks to model temporal systems and we apply active inference to dynamically choose variables for observation so as to improve prediction on unobserved variables.
Clinical studies of "specific" anxiolytics as therapeutic agents.

Anxiety disorder is the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis made in America. A recent NIMH catchment area household survey (Shapiro et al. 1984), which involved almost 10000 persons, estimated that 8.3% of the adult U. S. population had suffered from anxiety disorders during the past 6 months. The two next highest diagnostic categories were alcohol and drug abuse (6.4%) and depression (6.0%), followed by schizophrenia (1.0%). Interestingly, however, only 23% of those patients suffering from anxiety actually received treatment. These data are in agreement with those obtained in the 1979 National Household Survey conducted by Baiter’s group (Mellinger and Baiter 1981; Uhlenhuth et al. 1983), who found the following psychiatric illness prevalences for the past year: agoraphobicpanic disorder (1.2%), other phobic disorders (2.3%), generalized anxiety disorder (6.4%), and depressive disorders (5.1%). In this household survey it was again observed that only a relatively small percentage of those suffering from psychic distress and given a DSM III diagnosis as derived from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist criteria actually were treated for anxiety (Uhlenhuth et al. 1983).
Poetic Texts in Polish Heritage Language Classes

The use of poetic texts in heritage Polish composition classes offers a resourceful, motivating, and original way of learning the language and culture, primarily by mastering writing skills and understanding Poland’s rich and complex culture. Moreover, poetic texts give an aesthetical beauty and moral values, and the students discover universal truths during their readings and discussions. A chosen poem, such as Adam Mickiewicz’s “Lelije” (Lilies), Teofil Lenartowicz’s “Zloty kubek” (A Golden Cup), or Boleslaw Leśmian’s “Urszula Kochanowska” (Ursula Kochanowska), is presented in class for listening exercises, reading, recitation, discussion, and especially creative writing. The students are introduced to the captivating genre of poetry and learn about the cultural and historical content of this work. Then, they write their poem or a composition on the introduced theme. The assessment consists of the student’s originality, the content of the paper, the organization of the paper, and the employment of correct grammatical sentence structure and vocabulary. Consequently, poetic texts immersed in Polish intertextual space are open and may be read in many ways, beyond their initial context, presenting many fascinating interpretations and offering many intellectual attractions. A poem is an excellent learning source for the creativity stage in the art of writing, transmuting elements of the past Polish culture and literature in modern language classes. Students write their own intriguing stories, focusing on their knowledge of the language, and using resourcefulness and creativity.
Growth of Erbium Doped PbF2 - SrF2 Epitaxial Layers On GaAs(111)B for Upconversion Waveguide Laser Applications

Waveguide structures offer the possibility of making an upconversion laser operating at room temperature. By reducing the optical mode cross section can lead to a very high pump power density which allows modest pumping powers to overcome non-radiative decay processes. We have reported earlier on the observation of upconversion luminescence from both planar and channel waveguides of Erbium doped ZnF2 on MgF2(001)1 and Erbium doped PbF2 on GaAs(100).2 The epitaxial fluoride layers were all grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Fluoride films preferentially grow on the (111) GaAs surface. In order to exploit this fact, we have grown Erbium doped PbF2 on GaAs(111)B with an intervening SrF2 cladding layer. The SrF2 and PbF2 growth conditions have been optimized on GaAs(111)B using X-ray rocking curve analysis. The crystalline quality of the films grown on GaAs(111)B are far superior to those grown on GaAs(100). Upconversion luminescence has been observed in the PbF2: Er/SrF2/GaAs(111)B planar waveguide structures. The guide ends were formed by cleaving the semiconductor wafer and the 800nm and 980nm pump light was introduced from a Ti-Sapphire laser by end pumping using a microscope objective.
Foregrounding Equity in Teacher Education: Toward a Model of Social Justice Pedagogical and Content Knowledge:

Since its inception 30 years ago, Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) has fundamentally altered the landscape of teacher preparation. Despite its prominence in the field, the paradigm fai...
FAD.js: fast JSON data access using JIT-based speculative optimizations

JSON is one of the most popular data encoding formats, with wide adoption in Databases and BigData frameworks as well as native support in popular programming languages such as JavaScript/Node.js, Python, and R.Nevertheless, JSON data processing can easily become a performance bottleneck in data-intensive applications because of parse and serialization overhead. In this paper, we introduce Fad.js, a runtime system for efficient processing of JSON objects in data-intensive applications. Fad.js is based on (1) speculative just-in-time (JIT) compilation and (2) selective access to data. Experiments show that applications using Fad.js achieve speedups up to 2.7x for encoding and 9.9x for decoding JSON data when compared to state-of-the art JSON processing libraries.
Effectiveness of Ipsilateral Stroke Prevention Between Conservative Management and Indirect Revascularization for Moyamoya Disease in a North American Cohort.

Background Few reports have compared surgical intervention with conservative treatment for moyamoya disease (MMD) in non-Asian cohorts. This study describes the effectiveness of follow-up stroke prevention by indirect revascularization relative to conservative management in a Northeast United States study population. Method We retrospectively reviewed records of patients with MMD at our institution from 1990 to 2014. Baseline characteristics and follow-up results including subsequent ipsilateral strokes were collected, and compared between an indirect revascularization group and a conservatively treated group on a per-hemisphere basis. Results A total of 94 patients with 184 hemispheres were included. The average age was 23.9 ± 18.1 years, with 76.6% (n = 141) being female. Racial distribution comprised white (n = 75, 40.8%), African-American (n = 57, 31.0%), Asian (n = 30, 16.3%), and other (n = 22, 12.0%). Eighty-three hemispheres (45.1%) presented with ipsilateral stroke and 54 (29.3%) with ipsilateral TIA. Management strategies included either conservative management (51.1%) or indirect bypass (48.9%). Patients who were male (P Conclusion Our results suggests that indirect revascularization provides symptom relief and lower risk of stroke during follow-up compared with conservative management. Indirect revascularization should be considered for symptomatic MMD patients with a low surgical risk profile in a similar patient population.
Herstellung der Schablonen

Die Herstellung der Schablonen wird in den einzelnen Werken verschieden gehandhabt. In einigen werden fur samtliche Konstruktionsteile Schablonen angefertigt, andere stellen sie nur fur die Teile her, die nicht unter Anwendung der Vielfachlochstanzen bearbeitet oder nicht direkt auf dem Eisen angezeichnet werden konnen. Die anzuwendende Methode hangt von der Einrichtung der Werkstatt und ihrer Betriebsweise ab. Bei einer Reihe von Werken ist es ublich, vollkommen durchgearbeitete Werkstattzeichnungen in die Vorzeichnerei zu schicken, wahrend bei anderen die Vorzeichner die Naturgrosen aufzeichnen, sowie die Nietabstande festlegen mussen.
Perspective: Interfacial materials at the interface of energy and water

Energy and water are deeply interconnected, and each sector is both central to society and under increasing stress. Innovations in materials will be a powerful tool in efforts to overcome these challenges by providing sustainable solutions to treating water and rendering it fit-for-purpose with minimal expenditure of energy and other resources. Interfaces between components of water systems and the water-based fluids themselves govern the performance of the vast majority of water treatment and conveyance processes. This perspective examines many of these interfaces, ranging from those in sorbents and sensors to membranes and catalysts, and surveys opportunities for scientists and engineers to reveal new insights into their function and, thereby, to design novel technologies for next-generation solutions to our collective energy-water challenges.
Platelet-rich plasma versus Tenex in the treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis.

Background Medial epicondylitis and lateral epicondylitis are among the most common elbow pathologies affecting people aged between 40 and 50 years. Although epicondylitis is often a self-limiting condition that improves with conservative treatment, the condition can be difficult to eradicate. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy (Tenex) for the treatment of medial or lateral epicondylitis. Our hypothesis was that the Tenex procedure would not be inferior to PRP injections in the treatment of medial or lateral epicondylitis. Methods In this retrospective review, 62 of 75 patients were available for contact via phone and e-mail to complete post-procedure patient-reported outcome surveys. Subjective assessment of pain and function included a visual analog scale for pain; the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; and the EuroQol-5D questionnaire. The inclusion criteria included age of 18 years or older and previous failure of nonoperative treatment. Results The average ages in the PRP and Tenex groups were 47 years and 51 years, respectively. The PRP cohort (n = 32) included 10 female and 22 male patients, whereas the Tenex cohort (n = 30) included 12 female and 18 male patients. The PRP and Tenex groups both demonstrated clinical and statistical improvement in visual analog scale pain scores; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores; and EuroQol-5D scores. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 treatment modalities. Conclusion The PRP and Tenex procedures were both successful in producing clinically and statistically significant improvements in pain, function, and quality of life.
Exploring the efficacy of natural products in alleviating Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (hereafter AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system. There are multiple factors that cause AD, viz., accumulation of extracellular Amyloid-beta 42 plaques, intracellular hyper-phosphorylated Tau tangles, generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic mutations. The plaques and tau tangles trigger aberrant signaling, which eventually cause cell death of the neurons. As a result, there is shrinkage of brain, cognitive defects, behavioral and psychological problems. To date, there is no direct cure for AD. Thus, scientists have been testing various strategies like screening for the small inhibitor molecule library or natural products that may block or prevent onset of AD. Historically, natural products have been used in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. The research on natural products have gained importance as the active compounds extracted from them have medicinal values with reduced side effects, and they are bioavailable. The natural products may target the proteins or members of signaling pathways that get altered in specific diseases. Many natural products are being tested in various animal model systems for their role as a potential therapeutic target for AD, and to address questions about how these natural products can rescue AD or other neurodegenerative disorders. Some of these products are in clinical trials and results are promising because of their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase activities and easy availability. This review summarizes the use of animal model systems to identify natural products, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Change of Head Position and Muscle Activities of Neck During Overhead Arm Lift Test in Subjects With Forward Head Posture

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a postural alignment of the cervical vertebrae that leads to increased gravitational load on cervical segmental motions. The overhead arm lift test assesses the ability to actively dissociate and control low cervical flexion and move the shoulders through overhead flexion. Objects: The purpose of this study was to explore muscle activities in the upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and lower trapezius (LT) alongside changes in head position during the overhead arm lift test in individuals with FHP. Methods: Fifteen subjects with forward head posture and fifteen subjects with normal subjcects were enrolled in this study. The patients performed the overhead arm lift test, and muscle activities of the UT, SCM, SA, and LT were measured using surface electromyography and by evaluating changes in head position. Independent t-tests were used to detect significant differences between the two groups and Cohen’s d was calculated to measure the size of the mean difference between the groups. Results: The FHP group demonstrated significantly increased muscle activity of the UT (32.46±7.64), SCM (12.79±4.01), and LT (45.65±10.52) and significantly decreased activity in the SA (26.65±6.15) than the normal group. The change in head position was significantly higher in the FHP group (6.66±2.08) than the normal group. Effect sizes for all parameters assessed were large between the two groups. Conclusion: The subjects with excessive FHP displayed were unable to fix their heads in position during the overhead arm lift test. The overhead arm lift test can thus be used in clinical settings to confirm control of the neck in these subjects.
Friends in History: Eric Voegelin and Robert Bellah

There are striking resonances between the scholarly works of political scientist Eric Voegelin (1901-1985) and sociologist Robert Bellah (1927-2013). The most conspicuous are substantive, and are the result of Bellah’s conscious appropriation of Voegelin’s thought. In his pathbreaking essay “Religious Evolution” (1964) and throughout his opus magnum Religion in Human Evolution (2011), Bellah approvingly cites Voegelin’s monumental study Order and History (1956-1987). In 1964 Bellah adopts Voegelin’s vocabulary, defining religious evolution as a transition from “compact” to “differentiated” sets of “symbolic forms and acts which relate man to the ultimate conditions of his existence.” He retains this terminology in Religion in Human Evolution, where he credits Voegelin and S. N. Eisenstadt as the two scholars most responsible for the further development of Karl Jaspers’ idea that the first millennium BCE constituted an “axial age” in human history, marked by what Voegelin called “multiple and parallel leaps in being.” Finally, Bellah adopts Voegelin’s term “mythospeculation,” meaning “myth with an element of reflective theory in it,” as an analytic concept that applies not only to forms of thinking that emerged in archaic societies, but also to modern attempts — such as Bellah’s — to convey theoretical truth in narrative form. While it warrants further scholarly attention, Bellah’s substantive debt to Voegelin’s Order and History is perhaps less remarkable than his unwitting agreement with a methodological argument Voegelin makes elsewhere. The present study will show how the theoretical outlook, empirical argument, and rhetorical presentation of Bellah’s Religion project resonate with the philosophy of history Voegelin articulated in the 1950s; it will focus on a shorter work that helps situate Order and History in the context of twentieth- and twenty-first-century intellectual history. The New Science of Politics (1952), originally given as a series of lectures at the University of Chicago in 1951, offers a compact version of the grand narrative Voegelin develops in Order and History as well as an explicit argument why such a philosophy of history is necessary from the standpoint of social-scientific theory -- a viewpoint shared by the mature Bellah.
Integrated air quality monitoring to identify local environmental impacts and mitigation from freight transport

Abstract Freight transport has been shown to impact air quality at the local and regional scale. Health studies indicate that exposure to diesel exhaust can result in adverse health effects. In addition, other studies indicate that populations spending significant amounts of time near busy roads, often supporting freight transport, also face increased risks for a number of adverse health effects including asthma, cardiovascular disease, birth and developmental issues and even premature mortality. As a result, characterizing the impact of freight transport and vehicular activity on local and regional air quality must be comprehensive in order to understand and mitigate these health risks. Ambient air quality monitoring methods include fixed-site measurements and mobile monitoring using instruments that range from expensive, research-grade analyzers to low-cost, portable sensors. This paper will present the results from case studies that have integrated fixed and mobile monitoring techniques using a full range of air quality analyzers in order to take advantage of the benefits of each technique. The case studies encompass the evaluation of air quality near busy roads, but can also be implemented for impacts near rail and port activities with significant freight activity. These case studies also highlight the use of these methods to evaluate how urban green and built infrastructure can be implemented to improve local air quality near these sources
S.Wing: a shared on-demand transportation network system for children

This video demonstrates the proposed Super Wing (S.Wing), a self-driving modular transportation system that provides children the opportunity to travel by themselves. The safety of children in vehicles is often threatened by distracted driving behaviors. With the on-demand S.Wing system, a child can travel by themselves based on the mutual needs of the parents and the child. S.Wing includes a supervision service by having a certified attendant with the child on-board. This ensures that the child's seat belt is safely fastened and help can be provided immediately. Modular S.Wing pod is ordered by an adult through a mobile application and offers the opportunity for the adult to monitor and interact with their child via live video streaming. The system has the potential to improve children's safety while they are on the road and allow them to engage in social and school-related activities without relying on adults for transportation.
Evaluation of forage yield, quality and canopy development of various species of amaranths harvested at different stages of development

22 Introduction 23 Materials and Methods 25 Results and Discussion 27 Conclusion 32 Literature cited 33
Processing and Submission of Drug Master File; A Review

A Drug Master File is a confidential document used to provide detailed information about facilities, processes or articles used in the manufacturing process, packaging and storing of one or more human drug. The Drug Master File may be utilizedm either by the holder who establishes the file, or by one or more additional parties in support of their application. The Drug Master File filing allows a firm to protect its intellectual property from its partner while complying with regulatory requirements for disclosure of processing details. The review includes various types of Drug Master Files, the important aspects in filing and processing
Functional Recovery at Home and After Discharge

Recovery after surgery is complex and multidimensional, encompassing physical, emotional, economic, and social domains. Recovery can be broken down into early, intermediate, and late phases. Supporting recovery after hospital discharge remains underdeveloped and represents an area of opportunity. The science of measuring recovery is still developing. Careful consideration to what and why you are measuring recovery can help guide selection of outcome measures. Harnessing new technology and multimedia may provide novel ways to support both patients and their caregivers as they continue surgical recovery outside of the hospital as well as innovative methods to measure functional recovery.
Mesenteric Vascular and Angiodysplastic Disorders

This chapter discusses the mesenteric vascular and angiodysplastic disorders that include occlusive mesenteric arterial disease, occlusive mesenteric venous disease, nonocclusive mesenteric arterial disease, and angiodysplastic lesions. Occlusive mesenteric arterial disease results both from obstruction by arteriosclerotic thrombi and by emboli, and occlusive mesenteric venous disease is much less common than arterial disease and usually complicates hypercoagulable hematologic states, such as polycythemiavera. However, nonocclusive mesenteric arterial disease is most often encountered in older patients with low flow states, including congestive heart failure, excessive diuresis, sustained hypotension, extensive burns, or endotoxic shock. Abdominal pain is the prime symptom of mesenteric vascular insufficiency and is often nondescript and occasionally mild enough in the patient seriously ill with a low flow state so as to attract little clinical attention. In patients with extensive disease, following stabilization and arteriography, therapy should depend upon the radiographic and clinical findings. There is some evidence that patients with nonocclusive ischemia may benefit from the perfusion of vasodilating substances into the superior mesenteric artery after performing angiograms.
Machine Learning for Real-Time Vehicle Detection in All-Electronic Tolling System

All-Electronic Tolling Systems, a global market worth approximately $7B, have made significant contributions in toll collection, commuter convenience, traffic management and highway administration. The current infrastructure however, is multi-tiered and expensive to set up. Alternative ways of vehicle detection can help in significantly lowering costs on new toll infrastructure placement. In this paper, we apply a new perspective to the detection problem by evaluating the applicability of machine learning for detecting vehicle movement through toll gantries in real-time from a novel perpendicular overhead camera angle. We solve this multi-objective problem by incorporating object detection using You Only Look Once (YOLO), more specifically, YOLOv3 and a faster version with less memory requirements, Tiny YOLOv3 to detect vehicles passing through tolls from perpendicular overhead angles in real time and with high accuracy. Additionally, a classification is made between passenger vehicles and trucks/buses of the detected vehicles. Our Experimental results from training YOLOv3 on our data set indicate a recall of 100.0% and a precision of 98.0%. The results of training Tiny YOLOv3 on our data set show a recall of 100.0% and a precision of 98.5%. These results indicate that use of machine learning is not only effective for detecting vehicles in electronic tolling systems in real-time, but that it can be used on cameras positioned at a perpendicular angle despite insufficient annotations.
Rainfall triggers more deep-seated landslides than Cascadia earthquakes in the Oregon Coast Range, USA

The coastal Pacific Northwest USA hosts thousands of deep-seated landslides. Historic landslides have primarily been triggered by rainfall, but the region is also prone to large earthquakes on the 1100-km-long Cascadia Subduction Zone megathrust. Little is known about the number of landslides triggered by these earthquakes because the last magnitude 9 rupture occurred in 1700 CE. Here, we map 9938 deep-seated bedrock landslides in the Oregon Coast Range and use surface roughness dating to estimate that past earthquakes triggered fewer than half of the landslides in the past 1000 years. We find landslide frequency increases with mean annual precipitation but not with modeled peak ground acceleration or proximity to the megathrust. Our results agree with findings about other recent subduction zone earthquakes where relatively few deep-seated landslides were mapped and suggest that despite proximity to the megathrust, most deep-seated landslides in the Oregon Coast Range were triggered by rainfall.
Prodigiosa: consagración cultural y espectáculo contemporáneo en Yma Sumac (1922-2008)

In this article I analyze the cultural consecration of Peruvian singer Yma Sumac, that is, her aesthetic value in terms of social construction. Lately, research on cultural consecration emphasizes its increasingly interactive character, the weight that non-aesthetic criteria have in it and the relative way in which it integrates non-metropolitan propositions. In this paper, introducing the civilizational criterion allows to appreciate that cultural consecration can respond to different value regimes that are related asymmetrically, through hybrid and unstable configurations that can be at the origin of unexpected revaluations. From the revised hemerographic, musical and audiovisual materials, Yma Sumac emerges as a versatile figure of the global contemporary scene, which updates the identity projection of Peruvian folklore and the stardom of the Hollywood show, while altering them through a rarefied and residual musical performance.
LibGuide Standards: Loose Regulations and Lax Enforcement

Springshare’s LibGuides product has become the preferred method for librarians to create online subject guides. In the spring of 2019 LibGuide authors and administrators at Greater Western Library ...
Validation of a flow cytometric assay to detect intraerythrocytic reactive oxygen species in horses.

Background Oxidative stress refers to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most assays for ROS detection are costly, laborious, and usually use indirect markers. The use of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) is a possible alternative. This substance becomes a fluorochrome when oxidized by ROS, with the resultant fluorescence proportional to ROS concentration. Erythrocytes are highly exposed to ROS, resulting in cell damage and consequently impaired oxygen delivery. The effects of this exposure in physiologic and pathologic conditions necessitate an improvement in ROS detection methods. Objective We aimed to validate intraerythrocytic ROS detection by flow cytometry using DCHF-DA in healthy horses. Methods Erythrocytes from 31 healthy horses were isolated, incubated with DCFH-DA, and either left unstimulated or stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). For specificity, each cellular component of blood was separated and plotted according to its size and complexity. Samples were run in triplicate for intra-assay precision and five consecutive times for inter-assay repeatability. Stability was determined by analyzing the same sample up to 48 hours after blood collection. The acceptable coefficient of variation (CV) was ≤20%. Results The intra-assay CV was 1.7% and 13.3%, and the inter-assay CV was 4.8% and 17.8% for unstimulated and stimulated samples, respectively. Unstimulated and stimulated samples were stable for up to 48 and 24 hours, respectively. Stimulated samples had greater fluorescence than unstimulated samples (P Conclusions This flow cytometric assay demonstrated adequate specificity, precision, and stability and is, therefore, a promising technique with multiple applications for studying oxidative stress in horses.
Delayed Chest Closure Following Bilateral Lung Transplantation: Risk Factors and Outcomes

Purpose The risk factors and outcomes of delayed chest closure (DCC) following bilateral lung transplantation (BLTx) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to close this gap by identifying risk factors for DCC and comparing the outcomes to patients with primary chest closure (PCC) following BLTx. Methods This retrospective single-center study included patients undergoing BLTx between 2013 - 2020. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was utilized to identify DCC risk factors from collected demographic and perioperative clinical data. Propensity score matching was used to generate well-matched pairs (1:1) to evaluate length of stay (LOS), survival, and infection following transplant. Results 383 total BLTx were performed, with 34 (8.9%) requiring DCC. Univariable analysis identified multiple risk factors, mostly related to candidate demographics and pre-transplant acuity of illness (Table 1). While on multivariable analysis pre-transplant ECMO was the strongest single predictor for DCC, the model with the highest AUC revealed that LAS and allograft lung volume reduction were also significant factors. Survival rates were comparable at all time points (Figure 1), with no increase in surgical-site infection rates in the 1st post-transplant year (9.4% vs. 12.5%, p=0.728). However, LOS was significantly longer for DCC patients (35 vs. 20 days, p Conclusion DCC in critically ill BLTx recipients is a viable management option with comparable short- and long-term survival and infection rates to PCC. Risk factors for DCC in this study included pre-transplant ECMO, increasing LAS, and allograft volume reduction.