cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Anticipatory Grief and Problem Solving Among Family Caregivers of Persons With Cognitive Impairment

Objective: Measure perceived involvement in medical decision making and determine if anticipatory grief is associated with problem solving among family caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairment. Method: Retrospective analysis of baseline data from a caregiver intervention (n = 73). Multivariable regression models testing the association between caregivers’ anticipatory grief, measured by the Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS), with problem-solving abilities, measured by the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised: Short Form (SPSI-R: S). Results: 47/73 (64%) of caregivers reported involvement in medical decision making. Mean AGS was 70.1 (± 14.8) and mean SPSI-R: S was 107.2 (± 11.6). Higher AGS scores were associated with lower positive problem orientation (p = .041) and higher negative problem orientation scores (p = .001) but not other components of problem solving—rational problem solving, avoidance style, and impulsivity/carelessness style. Discussion: Higher anticipatory grief among family c...
The Genomic Sequences Bound to Special AT-rich Sequence-binding Protein 1 (SATB1) In Vivo in Jurkat T Cells Are Tightly Associated with the Nuclear Matrix at the Bases of the Chromatin Loops

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1), a DNA-binding protein expressed predominantly in thymocytes, recognizes an ATC sequence context that consists of a cluster of sequence stretches with well-mixed A's, T's, and C's without G's on one strand. Such regions confer a high propensity for stable base unpairing. Using an in vivo cross-linking strategy, specialized genomic sequences (0.1–1.1 kbp) that bind to SATB1 in human lymphoblastic cell line Jurkat cells were individually isolated and characterized. All in vivo SATB1-binding sequences examined contained typical ATC sequence contexts, with some exhibiting homology to autonomously replicating sequences from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that function as replication origins in yeast cells. In addition, LINE 1 elements, satellite 2 sequences, and CpG island–containing DNA were identified. To examine the higher-order packaging of these in vivo SATB1-binding sequences, high-resolution in situ fluorescence hybridization was performed with both nuclear “halos” with distended loops and the nuclear matrix after the majority of DNA had been removed by nuclease digestion. In vivo SATB1-binding sequences hybridized to genomic DNA as single spots within the residual nucleus circumscribed by the halo of DNA and remained as single spots in the nuclear matrix, indicating that these sequences are localized at the base of chromatin loops. In human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells that do not express SATB1, at least one such sequence was found not anchored onto the nuclear matrix. These findings provide the first evidence that a cell type–specific factor such as SATB1 binds to the base of chromatin loops in vivo and suggests that a specific chromatin loop domain structure is involved in T cell–specific gene regulation.
Increased myogenic reactivity of uterine arteries from pregnant rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure

Abstract The etiology of preeclampsia remains unknown. However, a contributing factor to this hypertensive disease of pregnancy is a reduction in uterine perfusion pressure resulting in placental ischemia. Uterine arteries may be a major regulator of this process through changes in vascular reactivity and localized blood flow. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) pregnant rat is an established animal model of preeclampsia pathology. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were used for this investigation and subjected to RUPP or SHAM surgery on Day 14 of gestation. On Day 21 of gestation, animals were terminated and resistance-caliber uterine arteries were harvested and mounted on a pressurized arteriograph to examine myogenic reactivity, agonist induced vasodilation (methacholine and VEGF), and vasoconstriction (phenylephrine and U-46619). Resistance-caliber uterine arteries from RUPP animals exhibited increased myogenic reactivity and decreased vasodilation (methacholine and VEGF) compared to SHAM uterine arteries ( p
Patent foramen ovale and stroke

The presence of a patent foramen ovale has been found to be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke of otherwise unknown origin (cryptogenic stroke). The present article will review the evidence regarding this association, the technical aspects of PFO detection, and the preventive options to decrease the risk of recurrent cerebral events.
The role of the liquid phase in the performance of a trickle bed reactor

The effect of the addition of an inert liquid into a gas-phase reaction occurring on a solid catalyst was studied using the isomerization of cyclopropane to propylene on a sukuca-alumina catalyst as the model reaction and one of three hydrocarbon solvents as the liquid. With a nonadsording liquid the intrinsic reaction rate constant is the same in both the gas and the gas-liquid systems but adsorption of impurities from the liquid or adsorption of the liquid itself can have an enormous retarding effect on the reaction rate. Even i the absece of these effects the addition of a liquid phase decreases the percet conversion and increses the likelihood of occurrence of mass transfer limitations.
Requirement of the N-Terminal Extension for Vacuolar Trafficking and Transport Activity of Yeast Ycf1p, an ATP-binding Cassette Transporter

Ycf1p is the prototypical member of the yeast multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Ycf1p resides in the vacuolar membrane and mediates glutathione-dependent transport processes that result in resistance to cadmium and other xenobiotics. A feature common to many MRP proteins that distinguishes them from other ABC transporters is the presence of a hydrophobic N-terminal extension (NTE), whose function is not clearly established. The NTE contains a membrane spanning domain (MSD0) with five transmembrane spans and a cytosolic linker region (L0). The goal of this study was to determine the functional significance of the NTE of Ycf1p by examining the localization and functional properties of Ycf1p partial molecules, expressed either singly or together. We show that MSD0 plays a critical role in the vacuolar membrane trafficking of Ycf1p, whereas L0 is dispensable for localization. On the other hand, L0 is required for transport function, as determined by monitoring cadmium resistance. We also examine an unusual aspect of Ycf1p biology, namely, the posttranslational proteolytic processing that occurs within a lumenal loop of Ycf1p. Processing is shown to be Pep4p dependent and thus serves as a convenient marker for proper vacuolar localization. The processed fragments associate with each other, suggesting that these natural cleavage products contribute together to Ycf1p function.
Genetic bases for endophenotypes in psychiatric disorders.

This article reviews the concept of an endophenotype, with particular reference to heritability as well as diagnostic specificity. An endophenotype need not be heritable, for example, the possible influence of in utero viral infections for schizophrenia. However, heritability is a useful characteristic for a potential endophenotype, as it can be studied in relation to a plausible candidate gene. It should be noted that the traditional methods of demonstrating heritability eg, twin studies, can be supplemented with DNA sequence studies, suggesting heritability. Endophenotypes need not be specific to a given nosological class of psychiatric disorders, as these classes do not reflect biological categories. Evidence for two useful schizophrenia endophenotypes, the P50 abnormalities and cognitive deficits, is summarized.
New Method for Detecting Asphalt Contamination within Fine Aggregate Medium through Chemical Testing

A method has been developed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), for examining extracted material from fine aggregate to identify asphalt contamination within the fine aggregate. This method development was initiated after the authors' research group was contacted by a major contractor who voiced concern regarding potential asphalt contamination of fine aggregates. The problem with fine aggregate contamination concerns alteration of optimum asphalt content and the resulting change in asphalt performance grade. Contamination is brought about because of the presence of small amounts of asphalt cement that are undetectable by the unaided eye. This study evaluated two sands of known origin that were contaminated with PG64-22 asphalt and one additionally contaminated with PG82-22 asphalt, all at very low percentages. A traditional method of asphalt content testing, the AASHTO ignition oven method, was compared with the newly developed method. For GPC sampling, Soxhlet extraction was performed on fine aggregates using the asphalt solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). The recovered material was then injected in solution into the GPC for evaluation. The GPC method yields convincing evidence of asphalt contamination and a more accurate estimation of percent asphalt contamination within fine aggregates. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000594. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
A Précis and Perspective of the Phylogeny of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.

All great enduring bodies and societies began by small gatherings of persons to share their learned experiences and thoughts that all may be recorded for posterity. And so it was with this august body, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS). The idea for the PIDS was born from Stanley A. Plotkin’s perspicacious thought (Figure 1) that clearly infectious diseases was an important specialty in pediatrics, and although adult infectious diseases had been established as a legitimate subspecialty, pediatric infectious diseases (PID) had not. “Of course, there were many practioners of PID, most of whom I knew, but they almost all complained about their lack of recognition by department chairs.” Moreover, no board or certification existed. Stanley thought that if the people who were doing PID could be brought together, the “invisible college” that already existed could become discernible, and when visible might start organizing itself. The idea was discussed with a number of Stanley’s friends, notably Phil Brunell, David Karzon, Vickie Schauf, and Scott Giebink, and all were enthusiastic. Although yet to be officially baptized or recognized, the seed for a future annual assemblage of PID specialists was planted, but unfunded. Hence, Stanley wrote to 12 pharmaceutical companies requesting support for his novel venture. He noted that he had “canvassed about 70 people in the field, and enthusiasm has been practically unanimous. I expect that practically everyone in the field attending the meeting will also attend the dinner. Furthermore, since the dinner will be rather expensive if not subsidized, I am asking for a contribution of $750 from each firm. Frankly, anything less than $500 will not be helpful.” Of the 12 companies, most sent their polite regrets. Four contributed between $250 and $750 to a grand total of $2500. With this trove treasured in the bank, Stanley sent letters to all heads of PID fellowship programs announcing that he was convening a meeting of PID specialists during the 1978 American Pediatric Society-Society for Pediatric Research (APS-SPR) meeting. Anyone practicing PID full-time in an academic center was invited. The first official meeting of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Club was held on April 27, 1978 at the New York Hilton (New York City, NY) with cocktails, dinner, and a program on measles vaccination by James Cherry, Samuel Katz, and Saul Krugman. Ninety-seven people attended and, of note, the cost for this 4-course dinner at the Hilton was $7.50 per person. Following this program, a very lively discussion concerning the formation of a recognized PID group ensued. Many insisted that no formal organization was necessary; PID was not and should not be a formal specialty, and this would lead to an additional abhorrent board examination. But many argued that making PID a specialty would be necessary for professional recognition, and general pediatricians could Special Article
THE POLITICS OF IMMIGRATION AND SUBURBAN REVITALIZATION: DIVERGENT RESPONSES IN ADJACENT PENNSYLVANIA TOWNS

Amidst debates over the impacts of immigration, cities and towns across the United States have alternately opposed or welcomed unauthorized immigrants. Although their “illegal immigration relief acts” and “sanctuary laws” are typically justified in terms of law and order, they also grow from divergent hopes, concerns, and assumptions about newcomers’ integration and effects on local revitalization. These issues have gained importance beyond central cities with the suburbanization of immigration and the economic decline of older suburbs in recent decades. This article explores the case of two adjacent, formerly industrial towns in suburban Philadelphia, examining local leaders’ respective rationale for seeking to incorporate unauthorized immigrants in Norristown and to restrict their settlement and employment in neighboring Bridgeport. Despite their obvious similarities, these towns’ distinct experiences of race, migration, and revitalization explain much of their divergent responses.
Autoxidation of ascorbic acid catalyzed by a semisynthetic enzyme

The semisyntehtic enzyme 6 was prepared by alkylation of the cysteine-25 sulfhydryl group of papain with the bipyridine 5 and was shown to stoichiometrically bind copper ion; 7 catalyzed the autoxidation of ascorbic acid derivatives with saturation kinetics approximately 20-fold faster than a model system using 3-Cu(II).
Segmenting textured 3D surfaces using the space/frequency representation

—Segmenting 3D textured surfaces is critical for general image understanding. Unfortunately, current efforts of automatically understanding image texture are based on assumptions that make this goal impossible. Texture-segmentation research usually assumes that the textures are flat and viewed from the front, while shape-from-texture work assumes that the textures have already been segmented. This deadlock means that none of these algorithms will work reliably on images of 3D textured surfaces. An algorithm has been developed by the authors that can segment an image containing nonfrontally viewed, planar, periodic textures. The spectrogram (local power spectrum) is used to compute local surface normals from small regions of the image. This algorithm does not require unreliable image feature detection. Based on these surface normals, a 'frontalized' version of the local power spectrum is computed that shows what the region's power spectrum would look like if viewed from the front. If neighboring regions have similar frontalized power spectra, they are merged. The merge criterion is based on a description length formula. The segmentation is demonstrated on images with real textures. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first program that can segment 3D textured surfaces by explicitly accounting for 3D shape effects.
Is Forensic Accounting in the United States Becoming a Profession

Public accounting in the United States is a profession not only because it is defined as a profession by statute, but because it also fulfills a significant number of sociological criteria to be accepted as a profession. The recent increase in the demand for forensic accountants has resulted in a significant growth in the number of certifications in forensic accounting and also the number of corporations issuing certifications in forensic accounting. Forensic accounting is often referred to as a niche within the public accounting profession. But forensic accounting exhibits many of the same characteristics of a profession as public accounting. This article explores the possibility of forensic accounting as a profession in its own right.
Serum amylase response to prostigmine in experimental pancreatic obstruction.

Summary The response of the serum amylase level to varying doses of Prostigmine methylsulfate in the normal dog and in the dog after pancreatic duct ligation is so inconsistent as to make this test of questionable diagnostic value.
An Inexpensive Workplace Initiative to Motivate High-Risk Individual Health Improvement

ABSTRACTUnhealthy lifestyles cost businesses, governmental organizations, and the U.S. military billions of dollars every year, not to mention intangible costs associated with increased mortality. This study implemented a low-cost cognitive-behavioral motivational intervention to effect behavioral change in high-risk civilian employees working for a U.S. military organization, with accompanying improvement in certain health indicators after 120 days compared with a control group. Our analysis of these results led to two conclusions: first, low-cost cognitive-behavioral motivational treatments can improve both behavior and health, and second, tentative results indicate a fully mediated relationship may exist among the cognitive variables of locus of control and self-efficacy, vice the predicted parallel relationship. Overall, we assert that effective implementation of an intervention like the one used in this study might lower the U.S. Air Force's health care bill by as much as $40 million, improve employe...
One-time vitamin A supplementation of lactating sows enhances hepatic retinol in their offspring independent of dose size

Background: Single megadoses of vitamin A between 200 000 and 400 000 IU have been administered to lactating mothers to improve the vitamin A status of both mothers and breastfeeding infants. However, the most beneficial dosing regimen is not known. Objective: The effect of megadoses of vitamin A supplements given to lactating sows on hepatic vitamin A concentrations in their nursing offspring was examined. Design: Lactating sows were given a high (2.1 mmol), low (1.05 mmol), or control (0 mmol) dose of retinyl acetate in oil (n = 3 sows per treatment). Piglets nursed for 3 or 14 d, consumed a vitamin A-free diet for the next 4 d, and were then killed. Liver and serum samples were analyzed for vitamin A. Results: After 3 d, piglets of the control, low-dose, and high-dose sows had different (P = 0.034) hepatic vitamin A concentrations, ie, 0.078 ± 0.004, 0.14 ± 0.053, and 0.13 ± 0.026 μmol/g, respectively. Liver vitamin A concentrations on day 18 were 0.069 ± 0.004, 0.14 ± 0.044, and 0.11 ± 0.026 μmol/g in the control, low-dose, and high-dose piglets, respectively (P = 0.017). Liver vitamin A concentrations in piglets of the low- and high-dose sows were not significantly different (day 3: P = 0.97; day 18: P = 0.59). Serum retinol concentrations were higher (P = 0.02) at early kill (0.95 ± 0.22 μmol/L) than at late kill (0.76 ± 0.24 μmol/L) but were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: Maternal vitamin A supplementation enhances liver vitamin A concentrations in offspring. Larger one-time doses are not more effective than are smaller doses. Additional research is needed to determine the most effective maternal dosing regimens for improving infant vitamin A status.
Neuroscience of inhibition for addiction medicine: from prediction of initiation to prediction of relapse

A core deficit in drug addiction is the inability to inhibit maladaptive drug-seeking behavior. Consistent with this deficit, drug-addicted individuals show reliable cross-sectional differences from healthy nonaddicted controls during tasks of response inhibition accompanied by brain activation abnormalities as revealed by functional neuroimaging. However, it is less clear whether inhibition-related deficits predate the transition to problematic use, and, in turn, whether these deficits predict the transition out of problematic substance use. Here, we review longitudinal studies of response inhibition in children/adolescents with little substance experience and longitudinal studies of already addicted individuals attempting to sustain abstinence. Results show that response inhibition and its underlying neural correlates predict both substance use outcomes (onset and abstinence). Neurally, key roles were observed for multiple regions of the frontal cortex (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). In general, less activation of these regions during response inhibition predicted not only the onset of substance use, but interestingly also better abstinence-related outcomes among individuals already addicted. The role of subcortical areas, although potentially important, is less clear because of inconsistent results and because these regions are less classically reported in studies of healthy response inhibition. Overall, this review indicates that response inhibition is not simply a manifestation of current drug addiction, but rather a core neurocognitive dimension that predicts key substance use outcomes. Early intervention in inhibitory deficits could have high clinical and public health relevance.
Origin of Electrochemical, Structural, and Transport Properties in Nonaqueous Zinc Electrolytes

Through coupled experimental analysis and computational techniques, we uncover the origin of anodic stability for a range of nonaqueous zinc electrolytes. By examination of electrochemical, structural, and transport properties of nonaqueous zinc electrolytes with varying concentrations, it is demonstrated that the acetonitrile-Zn(TFSI)2, acetonitrile-Zn(CF3SO3)2, and propylene carbonate-Zn(TFSI)2 electrolytes can not only support highly reversible Zn deposition behavior on a Zn metal anode (≥99% of Coulombic efficiency) but also provide high anodic stability (up to ∼3.8 V vs Zn/Zn(2+)). The predicted anodic stability from DFT calculations is well in accordance with experimental results, and elucidates that the solvents play an important role in anodic stability of most electrolytes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to understand the solvation structure (e.g., ion solvation and ionic association) and its effect on dynamics and transport properties (e.g., diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity) of the electrolytes. The combination of these techniques provides unprecedented insight into the origin of the electrochemical, structural, and transport properties in nonaqueous zinc electrolytes.
Critical Ingredients of an Orthopaedic Career

You have all begun your professional career, have experienced some of the vicissitudes of assuming total responsibility for a patient, and are relying on your background to guide you as an orthopaedist. As one embarks on this journey, what are the essentials that contribute to success? What can you add to the mix to carry you forward? What are some of the critical ingredients? First and foremost, an obvious critical ingredient for all is knowledge. Your current knowledge base is an accumulation of many, many years of education, beginning as a child, following a course throughout the educational process, and culminating in an orthopaedic residency. This lengthy process has provided you with a large amount of theoretical and practical knowledge. You have sharpened your ability to solve problems, to approach diagnostic dilemmas, and to function under difficult circumstances. During this period of time, there has been a gradual evolution toward professionalization. Remember how you looked and behaved as a first-year medical student? Part of the professionalization process has been the necessity to develop both intellectual and emotional discipline. This allows one to practice orthopaedics in an effective, competent manner. Your knowledge accumulation has become discipline-specific. You are beginning to tune in to outcome measures and evidence-based medical practice. An obvious corollary of the critical ingredient of knowledge is that of a commitment to continuing your quest for knowledge. Osler stated: “Education is a life long process, in which the student can only make a beginning during his college course.”3 You must develop a lifelong passion for maintaining and increasing your knowledge and skills. These will subsequently be translated …
The "Du Noüy Phenomenon"

SOME years ago, du Nouy discovered the very interesting fact that blood serum is able to maintain its normal surface tension. When a surface-active substance like sodium oleate is brought on the surface of a serum solution, the surface tension is lowered for a very short time, but in a few minutes regains its original value (whereas the decrease of surface tension of water is a persistent phenomenon).
Effects of Different Types of Music on Physical Strength

To determine whether different kinds of music have differential effects on arousal as measured by grip strength, subjects' initial grip strength was measured and then their grip strength was measur...
Advances in Aerodynamic Probes for High-Enthalpy Applications *

Testing in high-enthalpy ground test facilities typically requires investigators to measure flow parameters by utilizing intrusive probes. Measurements include species concentration, Mach number, flow angle, total pressure, and total temperature. The probes must be cooled to withstand the high-enthalpy environments. New test articles and facility improvements continue to introduce harsher test conditions, and innovative fabrication methods and enhanced cooling schemes have improved survivability in these high-enthalpy environments. In intrusive testing, it is also desirable to minimize the size of the probes to reduce the impact on both the test stream and the test article. The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) is also developing a suite of miniaturized probes (diameter less than 0.1 in.) to address the measurement requirements of propulsion systems’ internal flows. This paper describes ongoing and planned AEDC probe activities, including several test applications, general design and cooling schemes, and probe designs to meet future test requirements.
Survival of Tubercle Bacilli in Solutions Containing Glycerol or Its Oxidation Products

SummaryTubercle bacilli die more or less rapidly in solutions in water of glycerol, glycerophosphate, phosphoglycerate, glycerate, lactate, glyceraldehyde, or dioxyacetone. Similar suspension in distilled water in solutions of inorganic salts and in pyruvate survive for a prolonged period.
Galanin and the galanin antagonist M40 do not change fat intake in a fat-chow choice paradigm in rats

The neuropeptide galanin has been proposed to play a role in the regulation of fat intake. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if galanin and the galanin receptor antagonist M40 would have selective effects on fat intake in a fat-chow choice paradigm in rats. Rats were adapted to 22-h access to chow alone and 2-h daily access to separate sources of fat and chow in the early dark cycle. Galanin (300 pmol, 1 nmol) or M40 (2-500 pmol) was microinjected bilaterally into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) before the 2-h choice period, and chow and fat intake were measured. M40 had no effect on chow or fat intake. Galanin stimulated chow intake and increased the ratio of chow to fat consumed but had no significant effect on fat intake alone. These results suggest that endogenous galanin in the PVN may not play a primary role in the regulation of fat intake when fat is available in addition to a nutritionally balanced diet.
Spatial point process for spatial distribution pattern of lightning-caused forest fires in DaXing'an Mountains

The study of spatial pattern of forest fire locations is important to predict the fire occurrence as well as to understand the role of fire in landscape processes. A spatial statistical analysis of lightning-caused fires in Daxing'anling between 1988 and 2005,was carried out to investigate the spatial pattern of fires. Fire locations were found to be spatially clustered. The results also showed that there are some "hot-point" areas in Daxing'anling and geographical coordinates of those areas are 123°06'E,52°20'N;123°41'E,51°34'N;124°08'E,50°48'N,respectively.
Border Insecurity: Why Big Money, Fences, and Drones Aren’t Making Us Safer

The contents of independent consultant Sylvia Longmire’s book can be summarized in her title. Her book is written for broad public consumption, rather than academic or serious policy-making audienc...
Temperature Coefficient of Toxicity of Certain N-Methylcarbamates Against Honeybees, and the Effect of the Synergist Piperonyl Butoxide

SUMMARYThe toxicity of the carbamate insecticides Sevin(R), Zectran(R) and B 37344 (4-methylthio-3,5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate) to worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) was investigated at 60°, 80° and 90° F. [16,27, 32° C.]. All compounds exhibited a negative temperature coefficient of toxicity. This was most pronounced in Sevin which was 3.81 times as toxic at 60° as at 80° F. Application of the synergist piperonyl butoxide enhanced the toxicity of the carbamates to levels roughly corresponding to their intrinsic toxicity and decreased the influence of the post-treatment temperature on toxicity. The results suggest that a carbamate-detoxification mechanism, sensitive to temperature and the action of piperonyl butoxide, is present in honeybees. The significance of this mechanism deserves further consideration as it might suggest optimum times for the application of the insecticides which would prevent high losses of honeybees.
Constructing a Corpus-based Ontology Using Model Bias.

Recent work in lexical resource construction has recognized the importance of contextualizing the knowledge in existing resources and ontologies with information derived from text corpora. This paper describes the integration of a corpus-based lexical acquisition process with a large, linguistically motivated lexical ontology. This semi-automatic bootstrapping process is used to produce refinements, additions, and modifications to the type specifications for the arguments to predicates in this ontology. In addition, the procedure is used to verify and modify the lexical extensions of the entity types
Ethics and Nostalgia in the Contemporary Novel: Introduction: nostalgia, ethics, and contemporary Anglophone literature

NOSTALGIA The longing to return to a lost homeland becomes a central feature of the Western literary tradition long before the term “nostalgia” was coined to describe it. Homer's first image of Odysseus is of him sitting alone on the island of Ogygia, weeping, pining for his beloved Ithaca. Despite offers by the goddess Calypso to take him as a spouse and grant him immortality, Odysseus desires nothing more than to return to the place of his birth – even after Calypso foretells of the hardships he must bear before reaching his home. This first “narrative of return” establishes a pattern that continues to compel writers even now in the twenty-first century. In the past century, some of the most distinguished Anglophone writers from across the globe have rewritten the Homeric tale, including the expatriate Irishman James Joyce, the St. Lucian Derek Walcott, and the American Charles Frazier. Long after it has become cliche to say that “you can't go home again” – long after it has become widely recognized that nostalgic homelands frequently exist only in the imagination – literary texts continue to depict characters defined by their longing to return. Although twentieth-century literary texts share the Homeric preoccupation with lost homelands, they are produced in environments in which nostalgia is subject to stark criticism. Perhaps the most widely cited academic study of nostalgia, Susan Stewart's On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection , characterizes it as a “social disease.”
Trajectories in Holocaust tourism

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how tourists engaged in atrocity heritage tourism embark in processing meanings, community discourse and motivations when faced with increasing levels of hostility. Specifically, this research examines how Jewish Holocaust tourists marshal discourses, make sense of meanings and engage with material geographies in an environment of renewed global anti-Semitism. Under the frame of assemblage, Holocaust tourism and its evolving trajectories are examined using qualitative mixed methods. The results demonstrate the transformative effect that certain global happenings can have on consumers when atrocity sites connected to heritage are affected by multiple sets of perceived harmdoers. Additionally, it is demonstrated as to how meanings and motivations are implicated in the evolved discourses of atrocity heritage amongst a group of people with a diasporic identity. Larger theoretical and managerial implications are discussed relating to Holocaust tourism.
NAD+ Kinase as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer

NAD+ kinase (NADK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) using ATP as the phosphate donor. NADP+ is then reduced to NADPH by dehydrogenases, in particular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the malic enzymes. NADPH functions as an important cofactor in a variety of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. The demand for NADPH is particularly high in proliferating cancer cells, where it acts as a cofactor for the synthesis of nucleotides, proteins, and fatty acids. Moreover, NADPH is essential for the neutralization of the dangerously high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by increased metabolic activity. Given its key role in metabolism and regulation of ROS, it is not surprising that several recent studies, including in vitro and in vivo assays of tumor growth and querying of patient samples, have identified NADK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the experimental evidence justifying further exploration of NADK as a clinically relevant drug target and describe our studies with a lead compound, thionicotinamide, an NADK inhibitor prodrug. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5189-95. ©2016 AACR.
Phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors in clinical development for CNS disorders

Phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors (PDE10-I), are conceptually attractive drugs with a potential great therapeutic window as their enriched striatal localization may likely stimulate D1R and reduce D2R downstream effects. However, so far selective PDE10-I with efficacy in animal models have not shown benefit in clinical trials and unexpectedly revealed a substantial dyskinesia motor side-effect. Areas covered: This paper reviews the underlying biological rationale of PDE10 as a target in schizophrenia, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease based on peer-reviewed published articles, the status of the different PDE10-I in clinical development for various CNS indications and explores possible reasons for the clinical trial failures and translational disconnect. Expert commentary: Possible explanations include non-optimal dose and titration schedule, but more importantly the differential non-linear pharmacodynamic interactions with individual comedications, the species difference in underlying neurobiology and the differences with the rich pharmacology of successful antipsychotics. The authors also present optogenetics, DREADD (Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug) technology, organoids based on iPSC (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) and advanced computer modeling and simulation as possible new technologies to further elucidate the complex nature of the emergent properties of key neuronal circuits that drive human behavior.
The Henchman’s Brain: Neuropsychological Implications of Authoritarianism and Prejudice

Abstract Why do some individuals have an unwavering obedience to authority? Why do these same individuals often present with a proclivity toward prejudicial beliefs? This chapter aims to elucidate these questions by reviewing evidence from psychological and neuropsychological studies. First, we explore research findings regarding authoritarianism and prejudice that reveal the two constructs to be highly associated and multidetermined. Next, we examine the False Tagging Theory, a neuroanatomical model suggesting that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is a critical neural substrate involved in falsifying initially believed propositions, including automatic prejudicial beliefs and authoritarian attitudes. Evidence from human lesion studies—in conjunction with neuroimaging findings—may offer a neural explanation for how individuals inhibit authoritarian and prejudicial beliefs. Taken together, the findings reviewed in this chapter suggest that distinctive regions of the brain—when damaged—may be responsible for creating an ostensibly authoritarian, obedient, and prejudicial behavioral profile: the profile of a henchman.
Ferromagnetic quantum criticality: New aspects from the phase diagram of LaCrGe3

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that ferromagnetic quantum criticality is always avoided in clean systems. Two possibilities have been identified. In the first scenario, the ferromagnetic transition becomes of the first order at a tricritical point before being suppressed. A wing structure phase diagram is observed indicating the possibility of a new type of quantum critical point under magnetic field. In a second scenario, a transition to a modulated magnetic phase occurs. Our recent studies on the compound LaCrGe3 illustrate a third scenario where not only a new magnetic phase occurs, but also a change of order of the transition at a tricritical point leading to a wing-structure phase diagram. Careful experimental study of the phase diagram near the tricritical point also illustrates new rules near this type of point.
Quantifying Parental Influence on Youth Athlete Specialization: A Survey of Athletes' Parents.

Background:Youth athlete specialization has been linked to decreased enjoyment, burnout, and increased injury risk, although the impact of specialization on athletic success is unknown. The extent ...
Gene Expression as a Dosimeter in Irradiated Drosophila melanogaster

Biological indicators would be of use in radiation dosimetry in situations where an exposed person is not wearing a dosimeter, or when physical dosimeters are insufficient to estimate the risk caused by the radiation exposure. In this work, we investigate the use of gene expression as a dosimeter. Gene expression analysis was done on 15,222 genes of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) at days 2, 10, and 20 postirradiation, with X-ray exposures of 10, 1000, 5000, 10,000, and 20,000 roentgens. Several genes were identified, which could serve as a biodosimeter in an irradiated D. melanogaster model. Many of these genes have human homologues. Six genes showed a linear response (R2 > 0.9) with dose at all time points. One of these genes, inverted repeat-binding protein, is a known DNA repair gene and has a human homologue (XRCC6). The lowest dose, 10 roentgen, is very low for fruit flies. If the lowest dose is excluded, 13 genes showed a linear response with dose at all time points. This includes 5 of 6 genes that were linear with all radiation doses included. Of these 13 genes, 4 have human homologues and 8 have known functions. The expression of this panel of genes, particularly those with human homologues, could potentially be used as the biological indicator of radiation exposure in dosimetry applications.
Organization Purpose and Locus of Control: Predictors of Corporate Social Responsibility

In this conceptual paper, we build on strategic choice, organization psychology, and organization identity research to propose a framework in which an organization level perception of its locus of ...
An electrically small antenna concept design for transmitting a baseband signal

Based on the stored energy manipulation, an Electrically Small Antenna concept design, capable of transmitting a high data rate signal is introduced. The design concept allows transmitting a monocycle or a half cycle sinusoid as “1” and no signal as “0”. A simple circuit model is employed to demonstrate the technique and then a hybrid simulation (full wave + transient analysis) is used to investigate the proposed method for a Very Low Frequency underwater communication link.
Complementing the Education of Psychiatry Residents: A Study of Novels, Plays and Films

A monthly faculty, resident and medical student study group for discussion of short stories, novels, plays and films is complementary to the Psychiatry Residency Training Program at Wright State University. The authors outline the group’s purpose, replicable design and selections, and illustrate a typical discussion featuring physician Walker Percy’s novel, The Moviegoer. A formal evaluation is included. Benefits derived from this two-year-long program serve to recommend regular inclusion of literature study groups in Psychiatry Residency Training Programs.
"I Have a New Understanding": Critical Narrative Inquiry as Transformation in the English-History Classroom

Recent analysis of literacy and literature instruction contends that pluralistic approaches to education require changes in curricular content to include voices of cultural groups who have been excluded from literary study in schools (Applebee, Burroughs, Stevens 396; Smith and Strickland 137). However, the addition of cultural information and multicultural literary texts in the curriculum, by themselves, appears to be insufficient for meeting many goals of multicultural education, where voices interact and students reflect, think critically, increase cultural awareness, decrease ethnocentrism, and create a global perspective. Students limited by narrow cultural perspectives need to engage in discussion, writing, and other dialectical activities which prompt examination of knowledge constructed from multiple perspectives. Developing students’ ability to use cultural knowledge and perspectives to think about literature, history, society, and themselves is emerging as a necessary part of a pluralistic approach to education. Case Study Background This case study of Kris, an eleventh grade student, is embedded in an ethnographic study of an interdisciplinary literature-history class where students had opportunities to reflect about multicultural texts in their historical contexts through open-forum discussion, writing, and other dialectical activities which emphasized thinking critically about perspectives (Miller). The site for this study was a largely white suburban high school in upstate New York located in a community at the state median on measures of wealth. Sharon, an English teacher, and Ron, a social studies teacher, felt these students, in particular, needed a course focusing on multicultural perspectives because the students came from a more or less homogenous community. The teachers believed a goal of their school should be “stating outcomes, developing curricula, and providing experiences that address this imbalance.” Students taking their course—American Dreams, Lost and Found: Interdisciplinary U.S. History and English 11—produced a portfolio of written work, which included a response journal (5-7 pages per week); 2 multiple-source research papers; 22 pieces of writing of mixed creative and expository genres; an extensive multiple source and media anthology representing a selected historical theme, time period, or event(s); and a culminating American Dream paper, synthesizing students’ learning and thinking over the school year (10-15 pages). For an overview of the integrated curricula, please see Appendix A.
High Field Transport in GaN and AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors

Here we report on high field transport in GaN and GaN field effect devices, based on the rigid-ion model of the electron-phonon interaction within the Cellular Monte Carlo (CMC) approach, including quantum- mechanical effects. The calculated velocity is compared with experimental data from pulsed I–V measurements, where good agreement with experiment is found. We have applied the CMC transport kernel above to the simulation of the DC and high frequency characteristics of GaN MESFETs and AlGaN/GaN HFET devices. Various effects are considered, such as thermal heating and nonequilibrium phonons, in comparing with the dc and high frequency behavior of these devices.
Targeted Drug Delivery with PEGylated Immuno-Niosomes

Targeted drug delivery provides an effective means of delivering high concentrations of a therapeutic agent to its sites of action. Bilayer vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants (niosomes) can be manufactured to both attach to specific endothelial cell receptors expressed and upregulated by a disease process and encapsuate a therapeutic agent to treat the disease. One such receptor, CD44, is upregulated by vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Niosomes can be specifically targeted to the CD44 receptor by conjugation of the niosome with an antibody to CD44 (KM-201), creating immune-niosomes (INs). INs have an encapsulation scheme that mimics the design of cells. IN shelf stability and circulation time in vivo can be improved by covalently linking a polymer chain comprised of polyethylene glycol to the surfactant layer. Vesicle size stability is measured by time-dependent dynamic light scattering data. In static conditions the PEG modifications resulted in an increase in vesicle binding up to 17%, confirmation of binding in a laminar flow field is shown using fluorescent microscopy.
MEMORIA y JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL EN LOS ACUERDOS DE PAZ DE COLOMBIA

The peace process in Colombia has culminated with complex agreements, and the greatest challenge remains its practical implementation. It is important to use not only formal justice mechanisms, but also diverse non-jurisdictional mechanisms of transitional justice, in order to face the abuses of the past. Institutional and civil society initiatives aimed at clarifying the truth are crucial for the recognition and empowerment of individuals and groups, victims and, in general, those who have been directly or indirectly affected by violence in Colombia. The memory of the facts constitutes one of the pillars of individual and collective conscience, for a coexistence in difference and to avoid harmful or violent repetitions.
Symmetry:The Search for Order in the Universe

One of the main aspirations of Mankind has always been that of finding an order in the Universe. The idea of order must have come, at least in part, from the observation that many forms of Nature, even the most complex, are often ordered.
A global analysis of progress in household electrification

Abstract Universal electricity access is an important element of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and global efforts to monitor progress in electrification have recently escalated. To inform these efforts, we describe a new database of total, rural, and urban electrification rates across the world. Using transparent coding criteria and decades of data, going back to the 1960s for many countries, from nationally representative surveys and official reports from 124 non-OECD countries, we uncover evidence for rapid progress in household electrification relative to earlier estimates. Our comprehensive and freely available database offers a solid baseline for tracking progress in household electrification across the world. We confirm a robust association between per capita income and household electrification, and identify population density and urbanization as additional key drivers.
The Role of Statistical Learning in Word Reading and Spelling Development: More Questions Than Answers

This special issue bundles a set of eight empirical studies and one review article that explore the role of statistical learning (SL) mechanisms (both domain-specific and domain-general) in support...