cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response and Stability of Piers on Piles

Generalized method for determining dynamic response and stability of pier subjected to lateral impact of mooring ships anywhere along its length; it is shown that lateral motions increase and accelerations decrease as gravity loading on pier increases.
Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Mobile Sources: Massachusetts v. EPA

The recent Supreme Court decision in Massachusetts v. EPA is predicted to have significant impacts on standing to sue, regulation pursuant to the CAA, and pending climate change cases. The author examines the history of the litigation, the decision, and its potential implications. The author also articulates the decisions that EPA and Congress now face in light of this decision.
Open care for the aged: Swedish model

Many countries view the Swedish model of open care for the aged with increasing interest. Open care offers several points of access to the service system and a wide range of services both in urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, governments need more data for a comprehensive evaluation of cost-effectiveness and the degree of coordination between health and medical services and social and environmental services in comparison with other models of care.
Race, Ethnicity, and Adolescent Violent Victimization

The risk of adolescent violent victimization in the United States varies considerably across racial and ethnic populations; it is unknown whether the sources of risk also vary by race and ethnicity. This study examined the correlates of violent victimization for White, Black, and Hispanic youth. Data collected from 11,070 adolescents (51 % female, mean age = 15.04 years) during the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to estimate group-specific multilevel logistic regression models. The results indicate that male, violent offending, peer deviance, gang membership, and low self-control were significantly associated with increased odds of violent victimization for all groups. Some activities-including getting drunk, sneaking out, and unstructured socializing with peers-were risk factors for Black adolescents only; skipping school was a risk factor only for Hispanic adolescents. Although there are many similarities across groups, the findings suggest that minority adolescents are particularly vulnerable to violent victimization when they engage in some activities and minor forms of delinquency.
KIN INTERACTIONS IN A COLONIAL HYDROZOAN (HYDRACTINIA SYMBIOLONGICARPUS): POPULATION STRUCTURE ON A MOBILE LANDSCAPE

Many sessile colonial organisms intensively compete with conspecifics for growing space. This competition can result in either cooperative fusion or aggressive rejection between colonies, and some species have evolved highly polymorphic genetic systems that mediate the outcome of these interactions. Here we demonstrate the potential for interactions among close kin as the basis for the evolutionary maintenance of a genetically polymorphic allorecognition system in the colonial hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, which lives on gastropod shells occupied by hermit crabs. Fusion between hydroids in the laboratory is restricted mainly to encounters between full siblings, whereas other encounters result in aggressive rejection. Natural selection acting on the costs or benefits of fusion between colonies could be responsible for the present maintenance of such a highly specific behavioral response, but only if encounters between fusible colonies still occur in contemporary populations. The large size of these hydroid populations and the mobility of the crabs should limit the potential for interactions among closely related hydroids on the same shell. However, RAPD polymorphisms among a large sample of hydroids from a population off the coast of Massachusetts indicate that genetically similar colonies are often found together on the same shell. Some genetic distances between colonies on the same shell were low relative to genetic distances between colonies on different shells or genetic distances between known full siblings from laboratory matings. We conservatively estimate that 2-18% of co-occurring colonies may be full sibling pairs. These observations suggest that encounters between genetically similar hydroids are common, despite the mobile nature of their habitat, and these encounters may provide frequent opportunities for natural selection to influence the evolution of cooperative and agonistic behaviors and their polymorphic genetic basis.
Impact of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host strains on the evaluation of Bermuda grass resistance

Development and survival of two fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), host strains were evaluated on four varieties of Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) (‘Coastal’, ‘Grazer’, OSU 71 × 6–7, and ‘Tifton 292’). Two FAW laboratory colonies used in experiments were analyzed electrophoretically and determined to comprise the corn strain (GA colony) and the rice/Bermuda grass strain (LA colony). Comparisons between strains indicated significant developmental differences on ‘Tifton 292’ and, to a lesser degree, on ‘Coastal’. On the former, larvae from the LA colony were 3 times heavier on day 8 and developed about 3 d faster than larvae from the GA colony. Differences in survivorship were not significant. Development on the four varieties also differed within strains. The LA colony exhibited the best developmental performance on ‘Tifton 292’, whereas that variety was worst for development of the GA colony. Thus, a variety considered resistant when tested with the corn strain conferred no resistance to the rice strain. In nature, the rice strain predominantly feeds on Bermuda grass. The host strain of laboratory colonies used to assess host plant resistance to FAW cannot be ignored.
Song organization of house finches at the edge of an expanding range

Colonization patterns of House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) provide a rare opportunity to study regional differences in songs associated with differences in colonization histories. House Finches have undergone two different types of colonization events in the mainland United States which have given rise to differences in singing among three regions. In this study, I describe songs of House Finches that have recently colonized south-eastern Wisconsin at the westem edge of their expanding eastern range. Song stereotypy, repertoire size, and song sharing patterns in Wisconsin differ from those of eastem and western House Finches. An earlier House Finch colonization of the East Coast, by the parental West Coast stock, resulted in an increased rigidity of song syntax, decreased repertoire size, and increased song sharing. Colonization of Wisconsin by East Coast stock, however, has led to a decreased rigidity of syntax, increased repertoire size and decreased song sharing. The two colonization events differ markedly in the numbers of founders and the size of the area from which potential colonizers may have originated. Differences in singing between these two areas may have been influenced by the amount of heterogeneity of song types present during the early stages of colony establishment.
Species differences in serum glycoproteins of man, dog and rabbit, by paper electrophoresis.

Summary(1) By means of paper electrophoresis and subsequent carbohydrate staining by the periodic acid-Schiff method, quantitative evaluation of species glycoprotein patterns were established for man, dog and rabbit. (2) This procedure provides a simple, reproducible method for the quantitative study of serum glycoproteins which may be correlated with simultaneous determination of proteins and lipoproteins. (3) Carbohydrate was bound to alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-globulins, with the major portion corresponding to the alpha globulins. Gamma glycoprotein was absent in normal serum in man. (4) No alterations were observed in rabbits after administration of adrenal cortical steroids nor in experimentally-induced hypercholesteremia.
The Photochemistry of trans-ortho-, -meta-, and -para-Aminostilbenes

The photochemical behavior of the three positional isomers of trans-aminostilbene is reported and compared to that for unsubstituted trans-stilbene. The absorption spectrum of the para isomer displays a single intense long-wavelength band; however the meta and ortho isomers display two less intense bands as a consequence of configuration interaction. All three isomers are fluorescent and display similar solvent-induced shifts of their fluorescence maxima. The fluorescence rate constant of the para isomer is larger than that of the ortho or meta isomer. The para isomer has a short singlet lifetime and high photoisomerization quantum yield, similar to those for trans-stilbene. In contrast, the ortho and meta isomers have long singlet lifetimes and low photoisomerization quantum yields. Isomerization of the para isomer is a singlet-state process, whereas isomerization of both the ortho and meta isomers is a triplet-state process. The lower bound for the barrier for singlet-state torsion of the ortho and meta...
Gender Gaps: Career Development for Young Women With Disabilities

Young women with disabilities face multiple barriers in making the transition from high school to meaningful careers. This study used focus groups and individual interviews with high school girls with disabilities, college women with disabilities, high school special education teachers, school administrators and employers to examine career development and transition needs for young women with disabilities. Barriers and supports were identified in four major categories: a) individual/interpersonal skills, b) career options, c) school system issues, and d) disability needs. Recommendations for practice are discussed.
Real-time detection of snare complex assembly with fret using the tetracysteine system

Small tetracysteine insertions are more suitable for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies of protein folding and small complex assembly than bulky GFP-based fluorophores. Here, we describe a procedure for expression, purification, and fluorescent labeling of a FRET-based probe, called CSNAC that can track the conformational changes undergone by SNAP-25 as it folds in the exocytic complex. The fluorescent protein Cerulean was attached to the N-terminus and served as a FRET donor. The biarsenical dye FlAsH, served as a FRET acceptor, was bound to a short tetracysteine motif positioned in the linker domain of SNAP-25. CSNAC can report real-time FRET changes when the Syntaxin soluble domain is added in vitro.
A2T and A2V Aβ peptides exhibit different aggregation kinetics, primary nucleation, morphology, structure, and LTP inhibition

The histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the aggregation and accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) into misfolded oligomers and fibrils. Here we examine the biophysical properties of a protective Aβ variant against AD, A2T, and a causative mutation, A2T, along with the wild type (WT) peptide. The main finding here is that the A2V native monomer is more stable than both A2T and WT, and this manifests itself in different biophysical behaviors: the kinetics of aggregation, the initial monomer conversion to an aggregation prone state (primary nucleation), the abundances of oligomers, and extended conformations. Aggregation reaction modeling of the conversion kinetics from native monomers to fibrils predicts the enhanced stability of the A2V monomer, while ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry measures this directly confirming earlier predictions. Additionally, unique morphologies of the A2T aggregates are observed using atomic force microscopy, providing a basis for the reduction in long term potentiation inhibition of hippocampal cells for A2T compared with A2V and the wild type (WT) peptide. The stability difference of the A2V monomer and the difference in aggregate morphology for A2T (both compared with WT) are offered as alternate explanations for their pathological effects.
Toward the Development of a National Youth Policy

Children constitute 100% of the future human and social capital upon which our nation must depend. The healthy rearing of children has often been identified as the essential function of the family (Bowman & Spanier, 1978; Lerner & Spanier, 1980). As such, although family policy is not isomorphic with child or youth policy (e.g., family policies may involve aged adults living in retirement and without children or grandchildren), it is arguably the case that there are no policy issues of greater concern to America’s families than those that pertain to the health or welfare of their children.
Monopoly and Competition in the United States of America

Competitionoutweighs monopoly by a wide margin in the American economy today. This does not mean that manufacturing industries sell in open markets where prices automatically reflect variations in demand. Nor does it denote the absence of monopoly, for the file of anti-trust proceedings shows the strength and sometimes the persistence of monopoly in several industrial areas. With these exceptions, however, and that also of the publicly regulated industries, monopoly tends to be limited in its control of a particular industry, in its coverage, and in its duration. Indeed, a full view of industrial organization in America, and of its operation within the bounds of public policy, shows many industries with monopolistic structures which make contributions to progress without becoming entrenched. Technological advance is so rapid that per capita output rides a 2•4 per cent per year upward trend. Delays in introducing new processes and products by concentrated industries are frequently alleged but rarely found,1 and probably bulk smaller than the technological lag of some competitive industries.2 Resources are quite fully employed except when the national income collapses. Most cases of persistent excess capacity, of which competitive agriculture is probably the most extreme, can be explained on grounds other than the structure of the particular markets.3 Otherwise, resources do adjust as pulled by shifts in final demand.
HML: an innovative hardware description language and its translation to VHDL

HML (Hardware ML) is an innovative hardware description language based on the functional programming language SML. HML is a high-order language with polymorphic types. It uses advanced type checking and type inference techniques. We have implemented an HML type checker and a translator to VHDL. We generate a synthesizable subset of VHDL and automatically infer types and interfaces. This paper gives an overview of HML and discusses its typechecking techniques and the translation from HML to VHDL. We present a non-restoring integer square-root example to illustrate the HML system.
Pilot of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease.

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated the feasibility of a group self-management intervention, the well-established Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP), for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods A total of 22 AYA participants with SCD, ages 16–24 years, completed self-efficacy and quality of life measures before the CDSMP, after, and 3 and 6 months later. Results This AYA cohort showed significant improvements in self-efficacy (primary outcome) after the intervention. Analyses of follow-up data revealed a medium effect of the CDSMP on patient activation 3 months post although this was not sustained. Participants were highly satisfied, but only 64% completed the program. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the CDSMP is acceptable and has the ability to improve self-efficacy. Additional research is needed to determine feasibility and evaluate health outcomes for AYA with SCD.
Quantifying the "Slosh Stomach": A Novel Tool for Assessment of Exercise-Associated Gastroparesis Symptoms in Endurance Athletes.

Introduction. We describe a novel scale and its field use for evaluation of exercise-associated gastroparesis in the endurance athlete. Methods. A scale was created based on gastroparesis tools previously described in the medical literature. Surveys of the tool were administered to runners participating in a 210 km multiday foot race in Sri Lanka. Results. Use of this novel scale was demonstrated to be useful in assessing gastroparesis severity scores of athletes and how these symptoms affected their race performance. Of the 27 race participants who completed the survey, 27 felt that the tool adequately captured their symptoms. Conclusions. This novel survey tool was able to assess the presence and severity of exercise-associated gastroparesis symptoms in endurance racers in a remote location. This tool may be helpful with further research of the identification and management of gastroparesis and other gastrointestinal upset in the endurance race environment.
Endocannabinoids and Monoamines: Modulating the Modulators

The past decade has seen a tremendous growth in knowledge related to cannabinoid receptor signaling in brain. In addition, the impact and consequences of cannabinoid modulation of monoaminergic circuits are steadily emerging demonstrating a significant interaction between these two systems in a variety of psychiatric (affective disorders) and neurological disorders (neurodegeneration, pain). Areas to be covered in the accompanying chapters include an overview of the endocannabinoid system, a summary of current cannabinoid receptor nomenclature, and pharmacological principles as well as electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral evidence for cannabinoid modulation of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic circuitry.
The impact of digital technologies on innovation policy

This paper shows how the advent of digital technologies is driving a reconceptualization of the underlying assumptions of innovation policy. The advent of digital technologies is rapidly transforming human activities, technology tools, corporate strategies, industry structures, and the dynamics of competition. Key questions for innovation policy boil down to what innovation itself looks like now, what it may look like in the near future, and most importantly, how immobile places (cities, countries, or regions) that promulgate policy can position themselves to capture increasingly global and mobile opportunities. The algorithmic revolution is transforming services activities and collapsing previously distinct sectoral boundaries, shifting the targets, tools, and politics of innovation policy. Information technology infrastructure, in particular the advent of global-scale cloud computing, transforms computing resources from scarcity to abundance, with a variety of implications for the transformation of work and policy. The chapter first provides an overview of how digital technologies in transforming economic activity, then discusses implications for innovation policy, followed by a discussion of recent changes in information technology infrastructure and platforms that play into discussions of innovation policy, concluding with a brief discussion of how digital policy tools can enable better information gathering and processing for government policy itself.
Principal subspace estimation for low-rank Toeplitz covariance matrices with binary sensing

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the principal subspace of data in decentralized sensing systems with resource constraints, where the sensors only transmit a single bit to the fusion center to minimize communication costs. In particular, the data covariance matrix is modeled as a low-rank Toeplitz positive semidefinite (PSD) matrix, which arises in applications such as array signal processing and power spectrum estimation in cognitive radios. Our algorithm is based on convex regularization using carefully designed one-bit measurements based on comparing the energy projections of the data seen at each sensor onto pairs of randomly selected Gaussian vectors. We provide finite sample performance guarantees for the accuracy of the subspace estimate in the rank-one case, even when a constant fraction of the 1-bit measurements are randomly flipped. Numerical experiments demonstrate the method continues to work well in the low-rank case, and is capable of separating close located modes from fewer bits in direction-of-arrival estimation, outperforming existing approaches that do not consider the Toeplitz structure.
The Door to Needle Time Metric Can Be Achieved via Telestroke

The administration of intravenous (IV) alteplase to patients with stroke via telestroke (TS) can be safe and effective. It remains unclear how quickly IV alteplase occurs during TS evaluations. We sought to compare door to needle times (DNTs) between patients receiving IV alteplase who present directly to our comprehensive stroke center (CSC) and those presenting to community hospitals in our TS network. Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who presented to emergency departments and received IV alteplase between August 2014 and June 2015 were identified at our CSC and TS network. Median DNTs with interquartile ranges were calculated in each cohort. During the study period, 117 patients with AIS (mean age 71 ± 15 years, 47% women) receiving IV alteplase were included in the analysis (65 CSC and 52 TS). Median DNT at our CSC was significantly shorter compared to TS sites (CSC: 43 [35-55] minutes vs TS: 54 [41-71] minutes, P < .01). The proportion of patients receiving IV alteplase ≤60 minutes of presentation was significantly higher at our CSC compared to our TS network (CSC 84.6% vs TS 63.5%, P = .02). Differences in favorable discharge to home were not significant (CSC 60% vs TS 46%, P = .14). Guideline-recommended DNTs ≤60 minutes can be achieved in community hospitals with TS guidance. Initiatives are required to better resemble DNTs found at stroke centers.
Labor Protection for Migrant Workers in China: A Perspective of Institutional Reform

This chapter is to examine the protections the government’s laws and policies afford the Chinese migrant workers in a period of social and economic reform and expansion. Using the conceptual framework of institutional analysis and development (IAD), this chapter focuses on the notion of “commons,” a general term referring to resources shared by a group of people or a community who may be vulnerable to exclusion or other social dilemmas. In the case of China’s migration, the commons that all Chinese seek are quality employment, and their socioeconomic rights and well-being. The dilemma is how the benefits of economic growth can be shared. Analysis of Chinese labor and welfare laws and policies reveals that policy decisions, even though made from the top down, reflect a shared understanding on the content of societal commons across individual workers, families, communities, employers, nongovernmental organizations, and central and local governments. Analysis also indicates that collaboration for policy implementation results in compromise and prevents reaching the full range of socioeconomic rights and well-being of disfranchised Chinese migrant workers. It is noted that the key ingredients of good policy making and implementation will be enacted through increased participation among all societal institutions, and the case of China’s migration may set up such a precedent.
Can Religion be Reconciled with Science

The central issue in science and religion is whether we can any longer plausibly think of the cosmos as purposeful. Instead of using the term “purpose” we could also speak here about the “point” of the universe in order to enter a conversation initiated by Steven Weinberg’s (1977) oft-cited remark that the more comprehensible the universe becomes to physics the more “pointless” it also seems to be. Religions, at least for the most part, have taught us that the universe is permeated by a principle of order or “rightness.” In biblical circles, for example, the universe is the expression of a divine “Wisdom” or an eternal Logos, and in Eastern religious thought nature is deeply connected to ultimate principles known as Rta, Dharma or the Tao. The cosmos, in these traditional teachings, is more than just blind and meaningless commotion. It is the expression of a transcendent Meaning (Haught, 2000).
Performance Analysis of Sparsity-Based Parameter Estimation

Since the advent of the $\ell _1$ regularized least squares method (LASSO), a new line of research has emerged, which has been geared toward the application of the LASSO to parameter estimation problems. Recent years witnessed a considerable progress in this area. The notorious difficulty with discretization has been settled in the recent literature, and an entirely continuous estimation method is now available. However, an adequate analysis of this approach lacks in the current literature. This paper provides a novel analysis of the LASSO as an estimator of continuous parameters. This analysis is different from the previous ones in that our parameters of interest are associated with the support of the LASSO solution. In other words, our analysis characterizes the error in the parameterization of the support. We provide a novel framework for our analysis by studying nearly ideal sparse solutions. In this framework, we quantify the error in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime. As the result depends on the choice of the regularization parameter, our analysis also provides a new insight into the problem of selecting the regularization parameter. Without loss of generality, the results are expressed in the context of direction of arrival estimation problem.
Outcomes of ICU Admission of Patients With Progressive Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Background Data on the outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for patients with advanced incurable chemoresistant solid tumor malignancies, and the benefits of subsequent/post-ICU anticancer treatments are limited but have end-of-life and ethical implications. Methods An institutional database was queried to identify patients of the gastrointestinal (GI) medical oncology service of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center with ≥1 ICU admission during 2014. Records were reviewed for evidence of cancer control from cancer treatment after the ICU admission. Results Twenty-eight patients who had progressed beyond at least first-line chemotherapy for metastatic GI adenocarcinoma were admitted to the ICU for sequelae of progressive clinical deterioration. The most frequent reasons for ICU admission were sepsis (39%) and acute respiratory failure (29%). Ten patients died in the ICU, 3 died during the same hospitalization after ICU discharge, and 15 were discharged from the hospital. Of these 15, the median survival from hospital discharge was 2.2 months and 6 received further chemotherapy but with no evidence of clinical benefit. Of these 6, 3 lived over 5 months but the treatment of 5 entailed recycling of previously ineffective chemotherapy agents (3) or those originally used in the adjuvant setting (2). Two of these patients received liver-directed therapy without benefit. Conclusions Admissions to the ICU in this cancer population were associated with high morbidity and mortality and did not result in benefit from subsequent cancer treatment. These data can be used to help establish realistic expectations and care goals in previously treated patients having metastatic GI cancer with clinical deterioration.
Competitive association of cations with poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and heavy metal removal from water by PSS-assisted ultrafiltration

Abstract Complexing metal cations with water-soluble nano-sized ionic polyelectrolytes, combined with a separation process such as ultrafiltration (UF), is a potential strategy to remove or recover ionic heavy metals from water or wastewater. However, competition from naturally occurring cations (e.g., Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) may adversely influence target cation removal. To investigate this competition effect, the affinities of both common aqueous cations commonly found in natural surface waters, groundwaters or wastewaters and toxic cationic metals for a typical, commercially available anionic polyelectrolyte, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), were evaluated using a simple ion exchange model and a binary-system ultrafiltration process. Selectivity of these cations for PSS complexation decreased in the order Ba2+ > Pb2+ > Sr2+ > Ca2+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Mg2+ > H+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+. For cations with same valence, their affinity for PSS is proportionally related to their ionic radii. Competitive interactions among different cations complexing with PSS were also investigated in a multi-ion experimental system and the results were compared with estimates obtained using a simple model based on binary-system selectivity coefficients and mass balances. The cation distribution observed in the experimental multi-ion system was consistent with the model calculations. Experimental results also indicate the model can be applied to predict heavy metal (Cu2+ and Pb2+) removal by PSS-assisted UF in a competitive multi-cation water environment. Greater removal of heavy metals was observed at higher ratios of PSS molecular weight to membrane molecular weight cut-off (MW/MWCO).
The Economic Status of Rural America in the President Trump Era and beyond

To set the stage for future research aimed at developing public policies that support economic prosperity in rural areas, we review the current economic conditions of rural America and the current literature. Rural America is often characterized as a uniform, distressed place where agriculture dominates. In fact, rural America is diverse, with many regions doing well economically. In some areas, labor-saving technologies have reduced the workforce in manufacturing and resource-dependent industries. However, integration with urban areas has weakened the economic divide between urban and some rural areas, while natural amenities have boosted the fortunes of others. There is also evidence that homegrown enterprises can support growth even in the most remote, distressed regions. To support economic growth, policies should recognize the unique features of each place or region and balance the farm sector with the larger nonfarm rural economy. Economists are well-positioned to provide research-based evidence of what works, as well as rigorous evaluation of new polices.
Response to Comment on Chan et al. FGF23 Concentration and APOL1 Genotype Are Novel Predictors of Mortality in African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018;41:178-186.

We thank Drs. Zheng and Wang for their comments (1) regarding fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) compared with serum phosphorus concentration for prediction of mortality in the African American–Diabetes Heart Study (AA-DHS). Mildly elevated mean serum phosphorus concentrations and calcium-phosphorus products, well within their normal ranges, are cardiovascular disease risk factors and predict death in populations without chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2,3). The AA-DHS cohort permitted investigation of novel and conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality in those with recent African ancestry at increased risk based upon the presence of type 2 diabetes (4). AA-DHS participants did not have advanced nephropathy at recruitment (median [25th, 75th percentile] estimated glomerular filtration rate 91.3 [76.4, 111.3] mL/min/1.73 m2), permitting analyses with low …
Brothers in Arms: Racial Equality in the Saint-Dominguan Colonial Forces

White men of all ranks within the French Atlantic military played important roles in the Haitian Revolution. During the Haitian Revolution, colonial advancements culminated in the formation of an integrated army set up by the second French civil commission to defend Saint-Domingue from British and Spanish invasion in 1793. The Legions of the Equality, largely overlooked by previous scholars, differed from Old Regime and early revolutionary military units in that their officers were both white and black, and white soldiers frequently served under black commanders. Fighting internal and external enemies, adapting to revolutionary changes, and negotiating across racial and geographic lines, white soldiers and officers were instrumental in the military achievements of the Haitian Revolution.
Physiological Correlates of Emotional State

This study examined the relationship between emotion and physiological measures of autonomic system response. Features of electrodermal, cardiac, respiratory, movement, and oculomotor response were measured from a population of normal subjects while they were presented standard acoustic and visual stimuli designed to evoke specific emotions. The subjects’ assessments of their emotional response to the stimuli (self-report) were also recorded. We present results of a preliminary analysis of the statistical relationship between the stimulus category, the physiological features and self-report. We found significant differences across stimulus categories, as well as across self-reported emotions, suggesting that a combination of features could be used to classify the emotional content of a discrete stimulus. We also examine the dependence of physiological signals on the mode of stimulus presentations.
Management of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

The management of the neonate with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula is discussed in this article, which also examines the results obtained over a ten-year period.
In situ RNA hybridization in plant tissues

In situ hybridization is the most direct way of examining the modulation of gene expression during development at the individual cell level. This technique has been used primarily in animal tissues to determine the location of a particular mRNA or to map chromosomal positions of cloned DNA [2, 3, 9, 10, 24, 30]. This approach has also been used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of cells infected with viruses [6, 12, 19]. More recently, in situ hybridization has been applied to the localization of specific RNAs in plant tissues.
Characters of GL( n , ℂ)

In the next few chapters, we will construct the irreducible representations of the symmetric group in parallel with the irreducible algebraic representations of GL(n, ℂ). In this chapter, we will construct some generalized characters of GL(n, ℂ). The connection with the representation theory of S k will become clear later.
Membrane-Induced Calcium-Oxalate Crystal Nucleation

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals experimentally induced in rat kidneys as well as those found in human kidneys are almost always associated with PAS and colloidal iron-positive material (1). Transmission electron microscopy of the crystalline deposits in rat renal tubules revealed the associated material to consist of amorphous as well as membranous cellular degradation products (MCDP). Since CaOx relative supersaturation (RSS) of both stoneforming rat as well as human urine is much less than required for homogeneous nucleation of CaOx, it is suggested that crystal nucleation in urolithiasis is heterogeneous (2). Since the CaOx-crystal MCDP association appears universal, we decided to investigate, in vitro, the possibility of membranes playing a role in crystal nucleation. We used renal brush border membrane (BBM) because renal proximal tubules have been implicated in urolithiasis (3).
The Synod on Young People, Missionary Discipleship, and the Decolonial Option:

Pope Francis has emphasized the importance of embracing the universal call to be “missionary disciples.” In calling for the 2018 Synod of Bishops on the theme of young people, he highlighted the ne...
The future of publishing

Abstract This is the first Journal of Pediatric Surgery lecture at the Pacific Association of Pediatric Surgeons (PAPS) meeting.
Avoiding Amazonian Catastrophes: Prospects for Conservation in the 21st Century

A new threat now confronts the Amazon in the form of a massive infrastructure program, the Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America, or IIRSA. This article presents results of a projection analysis showing that IIRSA could push the Amazonian forest past a "tipping point," replacing it with tropical savanna. Such an event would degrade biodiversity, reduce carbon storage, and harm continental agriculture, dependent on moisture transport from forest-based rainfall recycling. The article considers environmental policy in Brazil and discusses its weakening over time. One short-term approach to conservation is provided by indigenous resistance to development forces. The article presents a case study of the Munduruku people, who recently stopped construction of a large dam on the Tapajos River in defending their territories. It argues that more research is needed to understand the impacts of IIRSA, which is proceeding in the dark.
Grindr Users Take More Risks, but Are More Open to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Could This Dating App Provide a Platform for HIV Prevention Outreach?

Author(s): Hoenigl, Martin; Little, Susan J; Grelotti, David; Skaathun, Britt; Wagner, Gabriel A; Weibel, Nadir; Stockman, Jamila K; Smith, Davey M | Abstract: BackgroundTechnology has changed the way that men who have sex with men (MSM) seek sex. More than 60% of MSM in the United States use the internet and/or smartphone-based geospatial networking apps to find sex partners. We correlated use of the most popular app (Grindr) with sexual risk and prevention behavior among MSM.MethodsA nested cohort study was conducted between September 2018 and June 2019 among MSM receiving community-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in central San Diego. During the testing encounter, participants were surveyed for demographics, substance use, risk behavior (previous 3 months), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, and Grindr usage. Participants who tested negative for HIV and who were not on PrEP were offered immediate PrEP.ResultsThe study included 1256 MSM, 1090 of whom (86.8%) were not taking PrEP. Overall, 580 of 1256 (46%) participants indicated that they used Grindr in the previous 7 days. Grindr users reported significantly higher risk behavior (greater number of male partners and condomless sex) and were more likely to test positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea (8.6% vs 4.7% of nonusers; P = .005). Grindr users were also more likely to be on PrEP (18.7% vs 8.7% of nonusers; P l .001) and had fewer newly diagnosed HIV infections (9 vs 26 among nonusers; P = .014). Grindr users were also nearly twice as likely as nonusers to initiate PrEP (24.6% vs 14%; P l .001).ConclusionsGiven the higher risk behavior and greater acceptance of PrEP among MSM who used Grindr, Grindr may provide a useful platform to promote HIV and STI testing and increase PrEP uptake.
Rapidity loss, spin, and angular asymmetries in the scattering of a quark from the color field of a proton or nucleus

We calculate the helicity amplitudes for scattering of a quark from both large and small $x$ gluons of a target proton or nucleus using spinor helicity formalism. We show that scattering from large $x$ gluons of the target results in nonzero spin asymmetry at intermediate ${p}_{t}$ as well as rapidity loss of the projectile quark. We comment on how this can also generate angular asymmetries in particle production in high energy collisions.
Characteristics of provoked deep venous thrombosis in a tertiary care center

Abstract Objective Provoked deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is precipitated by a specific event. This paper compares the characteristics of provoked DVT in patients with transient risk (TR) factors and patients with continuous risk (CR) factors. Methods A retrospective review of records of all consecutive patients diagnosed with DVT between January 2013 and August 2014 was performed. Patients with provoked DVT were included in the TR group if the provoking event resolved in 2 weeks and they did not have ongoing risk of thrombosis. Patients in the CR group had a provoked DVT with ongoing risk of thrombosis due to individual factors deemed to be ongoing risks of thrombosis, such as cancer, hypercoagulable disorder, and prolonged immobilization. Demographics, risk factors, association with pulmonary embolism (PE) and its severity, risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), and mortality were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 838 patients were diagnosed with DVT, and 50.7% (425) were provoked. There were 127 (29.9%) patients with TR and 298 (70.1%) with CR. TR patients were younger (60.4 ± 16.3 vs 65.9 ± 16.0; P = .001). TR was more likely to be provoked by surgery (70.9% vs 55.4%; P = .003), whereas CR was more likely to be provoked by immobilization (21.5% vs 12.6%; P = .032). CR patients were affected by cancer (48.7%) and hypercoagulable disorders (4.4%). TR patients were more likely to have calf DVTs (36.2% vs 26.2%; P = .047). There was a trend toward lower association with PE on presentation in TR (17.3% vs 21.1%; P = .072), but that did not reach statistical significance. However, TR factors were more likely to be associated with low-risk PE compared with CR factors (30.2% vs 54.6%; P = .040). After mean follow-up of 7.2 months, CR had higher risk of recurrent VTE (14.0% vs 6.8%; P = .045) and mortality (23.5% vs 7.1%; P Conclusions Provoked DVT with CR factors affects older patients and is associated with high recurrence of VTE and mortality compared with provoked DVT with TR factors.
On Moral Ignorance and Mistakes of Fact: a Response to Harman

Moral ignorance is always blameworthy, but “failing to realize” that P when you have sufficient evidence for P is sometimes exculpatory, according to Elizabeth Harman (2017). What explains this alleged puzzle? Harman (2017) leaves this an open question. In this article, a solution is offered.
From Proposal to Action: Supporting Student Advocacy during Graduate Counseling Training

Training future clinicians to engage in advocacy is an important element of fostering multicultural competence.We describe the use of an advocacy proposal assignment integrated into a required multicultural counselingcourse to teach students about advocacy work. We offer data from a study that examined the impact of theassignment on students’ perceptions of advocacy/activism. Participants included 74 counseling psychologygraduate students. Students in the advocacy compared to the comparison group endorsed greater importanceplaced on advocacy and greater intentions to engage in advocacy. We also offer four examples of students whomoved from the proposal stage to action stage, documenting their projects. Finally, we offer suggestions andrecommendations for supporting students’ engagement in advocacy.
The Soret effect in dry polymer electrolyte

The Soret effect results in a concentration gradient when a mixture is exposed to a temperature gradient. It is a balance between diffusion of mass driven by the temperature gradient (thermal diffusion) and mass diffusion acting to remove the concentration gradient. Thus, the Soret effect is measured at steady state. In this work, the Soret effect was studied in a thermogalvanic cell with lithium metal electrodes and a dry polymer electrolyte composed of poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (LiTFSI). The concentration gradient was determined by measuring the voltage of the thermogalvanic cell. This was examined at several different temperature gradients and with four different salt concentrations. The Soret coefficient was found to be similar to that observed in small-molecule mixtures and electrolytes and significantly less than polymeric systems. An explanation for this unexpected result is proffered. The Soret coefficient was found to be concentration dependent, which requires further investigation. Finally, it was demonstrated that the thermogalvanic cells used to measure the Soret coefficient can also be used to generate power. Thus, polymer electrolytes are potentially of interest for waste heat recovery, and thermal diffusion might be used to improve battery efficiency.
Media guidelines and suicide: A critical review.

Abstract By providing information on help-seeking resources (HSR), Google's Suicide Prevention Results (SPR) fill a void, because less than 30% of news reports provide such information. This article addresses larger issues on media guidelines and suicide prevention. First, studies on the effects of providing HSR provide little support for a reduction in suicide. Second, research on the effects of other media guidelines often does not report the anticipated reductions in suicide. Third, although research does tend to support an increase in suicide after publicized suicides of celebrities, it does not necessarily happen for all categories of celebrity suicides. Fourth, there has been a lack of integration of (a) research on imitative effects of publicized suicides and (b) content analysis of stories' adherence to guidelines. Fifth, an associated puzzle is that (a) most research findings (64.2%) show no increase in suicide rates after suicide stories, while (b) most content analyses document widespread violations of media guidelines. Apparently, stories often violate media guidelines, but there is often no anticipated increase in suicide deaths. Rigorous research is needed to fully evaluate which media guidelines matter, and to determine the efficacy of Google's SPR program.
Association Between Conflict of Interest and Published Position on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Sleep Apnea

ObjectiveTo determine if there is an association between authors’ financial conflict of interest and published position on clinical use of hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea....
Adhesion, structure, and mechanical properties of Cr HiPIMS and cathodic arc deposited coatings on SiC

Abstract Chromium deposited by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) versus cathodic arc (CA) processes exhibits very different mechanical properties. Combining the two can result in a single-phase with superior performance that can be tailored for use in coating SiC for advanced nuclear fuel cladding. Coating morphology, residual stress, elemental depth profiles, and mechanical testing by scratch, pull-off adhesion, and microcantilevers are shown for HiPIMS, CA, and combined coatings. CA coatings were likely to spall and had lower adhesion strength due to tensile residual stresses but had desirable material properties. By depositing an initial layer of Cr by HiPIMS followed by a layer of Cr by CA, a more adherent coating was achieved and some of the stress issues with CA morphology were resolved. Combined coatings withstood at least 80 MPa in pull-off adhesion tests and had maximum failure stress values of 5GPa in microcantilever tests. These results were better than either individual deposition method and point to a hybrid approach being a path forward for a more robust coating.
Rate and consequences of missed Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection diagnosis from nonreporting of Clostridioides difficile results of the multiplex GI PCR panel: experience from two-hospitals

Abstract Introduction It is common among microbiology laboratories to blind the Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) BioFire FilmArray GI Panel result in fear of overdiagnosis. Methods We examined the rate of missed community-onset C. difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis and associated outcomes. Adult patients with FilmArray GI Panel positive for C. difficile on hospital admission who lacked dedicated C. difficile testing were included. Results Among 144 adults with a FilmArray Panel positive for C. difficile, 18 did not have concurrent dedicated C. difficile testing. Eight patients were categorized as possible, 5 as probable and 4 as definite cases of missed CDI diagnosis. We observed associated delays in initiation of appropriate therapy, intensive care unit admissions, hospital readmissions, colorectal surgery and death/discharge to hospice. Five out of 17 lacked risk factors for CDI. Conclusion The practice of concealing C. difficile FilmArray GI Panel results needs to be reconsidered in patients presenting with community-onset colitis.