cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Family Expressiveness and Children's Emotion Expressiveness and Understanding

SUMMARY We assessed associations between family styles of expressing emotion and children's expressive styles and skill in understanding emotion. We used a meta-analytic strategy for synthesizing the studies in these two areas, and we examined moderating variables of emotion valence, age group, and measurement diversity in the relationship between family expressiveness and outcomes in children. For emotional expressiveness, positive family expressiveness and positive children's expressiveness were consistently associated across age, but negative family expressiveness and negative children's expressiveness were linearly and curvilinearly related across age, with a U-shaped relationship. For emotion understanding, positive family expressiveness and children's understanding were not related at any age. Negative and negative-submissive family expressiveness and children's emotion understanding tended to be related across age, both linearly and curvilinearly (an inverted U-shaped relationship). Explanations fo...
Aggregate economic fluctuations in endogenous growth models

Abstract This paper analyzes some macroeconomic implications of introducing endogenous growth into an otherwise standard neoclassical exogenous growth model. The paper examines two types of endogenous growth models: a learning-by-doing endogenous growth model and a human-capital-investment endogenous growth models It is found that both the learning-by-doing and the human-capital-investment endogenous growth models perform better, quantitatively, than the standard exogenous growth model in terms of explaining aggregate economic fluctuations, especially labor market fluctuations.
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of pelvic kidney calculus Use of C-arm fluoroscopy for correct patient positioning

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the preferred treatment modality for renal and upper ureteral calculi. It is usually reserved, however, for urinary tract calculi above the iliac crest of the bony pelvis. A calyx calculus in a pelvic kidney was successfully treated with ESWL by using a C-arm fluoroscope to simulate the exact direction of the shock waves. The patient was then positioned so that the shock waves entered below the sacrosciatic notch. This same technique of exact patient positioning may have application in the treatment of some lower ureteral calculi.
Song length variation serves multiple functions in the white-crowned sparrow

A wide variety of hypotheses has been proposed to explain the structural diversity in bird song repertoires. Song diversity is frequently described in terms of song “types” or within-type “variants.” Male Puget Sound white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis, produce variants of their single adult song type by altering the number of repetitions of syllables in the terminal trill. We tested whether variation in trill length correlated with distance to the receiver and with signaling context as predicted by the eavesdropping avoidance hypothesis and the strategic signaling hypothesis. In accordance with the eavesdropping avoidance hypothesis, males sang variants with shorter trills, and sang quieter and less frequently when near their mate during the incubation phase than during spontaneous singing while unpaired. Males also sang variants with short trills, but at a high rate and variable amplitude when within 10 m of an opponent during close male–male territorial interactions. In agreement with the strategic signaling hypothesis, males decreased trill length immediately before chasing an opponent, but did not change length consistently prior to flight. We conclude that the occurrence of short quiet songs sung near the mate agrees with predictions of the eavesdropping avoidance hypothesis, while short songs sung near other males are best explained by the strategic signaling hypothesis. Trill length variation may be a conventional signal of aggressive intentions in male–male contests stabilized by receiver-imposed retaliation costs.
Evaluation of Antitrypanosomal Dihydroquinolines for Hepatotoxicity, Mutagenicity, and Methemoglobin Formation In Vitro

N1-Benzylated dihydroquinolin-6-ols and their corresponding esters display exceptional activity against African trypanosomes in vitro, and administration of members of this class of compounds to trypanosome-infected mice results in cures in a first-stage African trypanosomiasis model. Since a quinone imine intermediate has been implicated in the antiparasitic mechanism of action of these compounds, evaluation of the hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and methemoglobin-promoting effects of these agents was performed. 1-Benzyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinolin-6-ol hydrochloride and 1-benzyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinolin-6-yl acetate showed outstanding in vitro selectivity for Trypanosoma brucei compared to the HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, and PLC5 hepatocyte cell lines. 1-Benzyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinolin-6-ol hydrochloride and 1-(2-methoxybenzyl)-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinolin-6-yl acetate were not mutagenic when screened in the Ames assay, with or without metabolic activation. The latter 2 compounds pr...
CDX1 protein expression in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic human alimentary tract epithelium

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: CDX1 is an intestine-specific transcription factor expressed early in intestinal development that may be involved in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. We examined the pattern of CDX1 protein expression in metaplastic and neoplastic tissue to provide insight into its possible role in abnormal differentiation. METHODS: Tissue samples were stained by immunohistochemistry using an affinity-purified, polyclonal antibody against a peptide epitope of CDX1. RESULTS: Specific nuclear staining was found in epithelial cells of the small intestine and colon. Esophagus and stomach did not express CDX1 protein; however, adjacent areas of intestinal metaplastic tissue intensely stained for CDX1. Adenocarcinomas of the stomach and esophagus had both positive and negative nuclear staining for CDX1. Colonic epithelial cells in adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinomas had a decreased intensity of staining compared with normal colonic crypts in the same specimen. CONCLUSIONS: CDX1 may be important in the transition from normal gastric and esophageal epithelium to intestinal-type metaplasia. The variability in expression of CDX1 in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas suggests more than one pathway in the development of these carcinomas. The decrease of CDX1 in colonic adenocarcinomas may indicate a role for CDX1 in growth regulation and in the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype. (Gastroenterology 1997 Aug;113(2):478-86)
Retinoic acid increases Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and inhibits development of Th17 cells by enhancing TGF-β-driven Smad3 signaling and inhibiting IL-6 and IL-23 receptor expression

The de novo generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the peripheral immune compartment and the differentiation of Th17 cells both require TGF-beta, and IL-6 and IL-21 are switch factors that drive the development of Th17 cells at the expense of Treg cell generation. The major vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) not only enforces the generation of Treg cells but also inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells. Herein we show that RA enhances TGF-beta signaling by increasing the expression and phosphorylation of Smad3, and this results in increased Foxp3 expression even in the presence of IL-6 or IL-21. RA also inhibits the expression of IL-6Ralpha, IRF-4, and IL-23R and thus inhibits Th17 development. In vitro, RA significantly promotes Treg cell conversion, but in vivo during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis it does not increase the frequency of Treg cells in the face of an ongoing inflammation. However, RA suppresses the disease very efficiently by inhibiting proinflammatory T cell responses, especially pathogenic Th17 responses. These data not only identify the signaling mechanisms by which RA can affect both Treg cell and Th17 differentiation, but they also highlight that in vivo during an autoimmune reaction, RA suppresses autoimmunity mainly by inhibiting the generation of effector Th17 cells.
Hypnosis in Contemporary Medicine

Hypnosis became popular as a treatment for medical conditions in the late 1700s when effective pharmaceutical and surgical treatment options were limited. To determine whether hypnosis has a role in contemporary medicine, relevant trials and a few case reports are reviewed. Despite substantial variation in techniques among the numerous reports, patients treated with hypnosis experienced substantial benefits for many different medical conditions. An expanded role for hypnosis and a larger study of techniques appear to be indicated.
Spatially Distributed Current Oscillations with Electrochemical Reactions in Microfluidic Flow Cells

The formation of spatiotemporal patterns is investigated by using a chemical reaction on the surface of a high-aspect-ratio metal electrode positioned in a flow channel. A partial differential equation model is formulated for nickel dissolution in sulfuric acid in a microfluidic flow channel. The model simulations predict oscillatory patterns that are spatially distributed on the electrode surface; the downstream portion of the metal surface exhibits large-amplitude, nonlinear oscillations of dissolution rates, whereas the upstream portion displays small-amplitude, harmonic oscillations with a phase delay. The features of the dynamical response can be interpreted by the dependence of local dynamics on the widely varying surface conditions and the presence of strong coupling. The patterns can be observed for both contiguous and segmented metal surfaces. The existence of spatially distributed current oscillations is confirmed in experiments with Ni electrodissolution in a microfluidic device. The results show the impact of a widely heterogeneous environment on the types of patterns of chemical reaction rates.
Pricing free bank notes

Abstract During the pre-Civil War period, US banks issued distinct private monies, called bank notes. A bank note is a perpetual, risky, non-interest-bearing, debt claim with the right to redeem on demand at par in specie. This paper investigates the pricing of this private money taking into account the enormous changes in technology during the period, namely, the introduction and rapid diffusion of the railroad. A contingent claims pricing model for bank notes is proposed and tested using monthly bank note prices for all banks in North America together with indices of the durations and costs of trips back to issuing banks constructed from pre-Civil War travelers’ guides. Evidence is produced that market participants properly priced the risks inherent in these securities, suggesting that wildcat banking was not common because of market discipline.
Healthy Marriage Initiatives: On the Need for Empiricism in Policy Implementation.

The association between marriage and well-being has led to policies that promote marital interventions and discourage divorce. These include federal initiatives specifically targeting poor couples and couples of color. While there are many prospective studies on marriage that have informed some couple interventions, the studies that are included in this literature sampled predominantly White and middle-class couples. By comparison, far less is known about the longitudinal predictors of relationship satisfaction and status for poor couples and couples of color. Therefore, it is unsurprising that preliminary data on applying current interventions to the couples targeted by these federal initiatives have been disappointing. In this article, I detail three concerns with these initiatives, propose a course of psychological research to address deficits in what is known about poor couples and couples of color, and make specific recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of these initiatives.
Transitional Care Programs for Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: Review of the Literature

a b s t r a c t Transitional care programs are developed to facilitate the passage of a young patient with a chronic disease to an adult clinic where he needs to learn how to get involved in his own care. Various models have been proposed to address this transition in a multidisciplinary process. This review will address, in an updated format, various aspects of the transition units. With this objective in mind, we developed a narrative overview of the available information in the literature on transition units (TU) in rheumatic diseases. The most relevant information is presented in different stages: description and recommendations for the management of the adolescent patient, guidelines and information on programs at TU, and a description of aspects that should be part of a TU. Although several transition programs have been described, we do not have enough information to know what the ideal one would be like. More research is needed in this field, focusing on variables such as quality of life, satisfaction, activity and chronic damage.
Analysis and Design Concepts

Light structures are used for many agricultural and industrial needs. They are characterized by one- or two-story configuration, moderate spans, and light to moderate superimposed loads. Construction costs must be carefully controlled to maintain a profitable relationship between capital cost and income from use of the structures. Often, they are built according to standard plans and utilize mass-produced frames and other structural components.
Power Analysis and Reduction Techniques for Transition Fault Testing

This paper examines the differences in power consumption characteristics of two popular ATPG techniques for transition fault testing (TFT) -- launch off shift (LOS) and launch off capture (LOC). These differences have critical implications on the circuit switching during the launch and capture cycles, and if unaddressed, can lead to IR drop issues and unwarranted silicon failures. Our investigations show that power consumption in the launch cycle for LOS patterns can be as high as 1.96 times the corresponding number for LOC patterns. We systematically understand the reasons for this difference and propose a variety of power-aware design-for-test (DFT) and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) techniques to limit this power differential as well as general TFT power consumption. The proposed techniques include use of (a) fill techniques, (b) intelligent test and functional enable control of clock gates, and (c) pattern re-generation using low compression and low effort ATPG. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed techniques in reducing power consumption, and the associated trade-offs in pattern volume.
Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment:

Photovoice is a process by which people can identify, represent, and enhance their community through a specific photographic technique. As a practice based in the production of knowledge, photovoice has three main goals: (1) to enable people to record and reflect their community's strengths and concerns, (2) to promote critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs, and (3) to reach policymakers. Applying photovoice to public health promotion, the authors describe the methodology and analyze its value for participatory needs assessment. They discuss the development of the photovoice concept, advantages and disadvantages, key elements, participatory analysis, materials and resources, and implications for practice.
How long a honeymoon? The effect of new stadiums on attendance in Major League Baseball.

Using panel data of MLB team attendance from 1950 to 2002, we determined that the attendance “honeymoon” effect of a new stadium—after separating quality-of-play effects—increases attendance by 32%...
Diets and Trophic Linkages of Epipelagic Fish Predators in Coastal Southeast Alaska during a Period of Warm and Cold Climate Years, 1997–2011

Abstract This study identifies important trophic links for epipelagic marine fish predators in Southeast Alaska to improve understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics in response to climate change. Fish predators can be viewed as autonomous samplers whose diets should integrate the available prey taxa commensurate with environmental conditions. We examined fish predators from annual (1997–2011) surveys conducted in May to September by the Southeast Coastal Monitoring (SECM) project of Auke Bay Laboratories in the marine waters of Southeast Alaska. This project has emphasized long-term monitoring of strait and coastal marine habitats used by juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and associated epipelagic fishes to understand how environmental variation affects the sustainability of salmon resources. From 1,295 surface trawl hauls, trophic links were identified for 2,473 fish representing 19 predator species, principally adult and immature salmon, immature walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, and spiny...
Predictors and outcomes of victim restitution orders

In the current study we examined adult probation cases in which restitution was or could have been a condition of probation. In particular, we explored the factors related to the imposition of victim restitution, the factors related to the payment of victim restitution, and the effects of restitution on future arrests. We also examined the extent to which the effectiveness of restitution is conditioned by community integration. Finally, to determine whether the effects of restitution payment are unique, we compared the results of these analyses with results of similar analyses regarding the payment of fines. Results indicated that judges ordered restitution most often when damages were easy to quantify and that offenders were most likely to make payment when they were able to pay and when the victim was a business. Restitution payment was related negatively to rearrest; this effect was especially strong among married persons.
A self-similar fractal radiation pattern synthesis technique for reconfigurable multiband arrays

A novel method for designing reconfigurable multiband linear and planar antenna arrays is presented. The technique is based on a generalized Fourier series synthesis approach that exploits the self-similarity of a specified fractal radiation pattern in order to achieve the desired multiband performance. The fractal radiation patterns are composed of scaled and shifted copies of an appropriately chosen generating window function that exhibits low sidelobe levels and rapid spectral rolloffs in the transform domain. A newly developed thinning algorithm is presented which may be employed to reduce considerably both the overall physical size and the total number of elements in a synthesized multiband array. Finally, a band-switching scheme is introduced that is well-suited for implementation in the form of a reconfigurable common aperture array.
Aer and Tsr guide Escherichia coli in spatial gradients of oxidizable substrates.

The Aer and Tsr chemoreceptors in Escherichia coli govern tactic responses to oxygen and redox potential that are parts of an overall behaviour known as energy taxis. They are also proposed to mediate responses to rapidly utilized carbon sources, glycerol and succinate, via the energy taxis mechanism. In this study, the Aer and Tsr proteins were individually expressed in an ‘all-transducer-knockout’ strain of E. coli and taxis was analysed in gradients of various oxidizable carbon sources. In addition to the known response to glycerol and succinate, it was found that Aer directed taxis towards ribose, galactose, maltose, malate, proline and alanine as well as the phosphotransferase system (PTS) carbohydrates glucose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol and fructose, but not to aspartate, glutamate, glycine and arabinose. Tsr directed taxis towards sugars (including those transported by the PTS), but not to organic acids or amino acids. When a mutated Aer protein unable to bind the FAD cofactor was expressed in the receptor-less strain, chemotaxis was not restored to any substrate. Aer appears to mediate responses to rapidly oxidizable substrates, whether or not they are effective growth substrates, whereas Tsr appears to mediate taxis to substrates that support maximal growth, whether or not they are rapidly oxidizable. This correlates with the hypothesis that Aer and Tsr sense redox and proton motive force, respectively. Taken together, the results demonstrate that Aer and Tsr mediate responses to a broad range of chemicals and their attractant repertoires overlap with those of specialized chemoreceptors, namely Trg (ribose, galactose) and Tar (maltose).
A New Cell-Based Assay for Measuring the Forward Mutation Rate of HIV-1

Over 20 years into the ever-worsening AIDS pandemic, genetic variation remains the greatest obstacle for treating and preventing HIV-1 infection. Mutation rate assays for HIV-1 have been reported; however, none measure directly the forward mutation rate during replication of the virus in cell culture while still retaining the ability to propagate and further study mutant proviruses. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to develop such a phenotypic cell-based assay for measuring the forward mutation rate of HIV-1. Conventional recombinant DNA techniques and polymerase chain reaction were used to create a replication defective HIV-1 vector, pNL4-3Delta+cass, which is based on the NL4-3 strain and contains the thymidine kinase gene from human herpes virus type 1 as the mutational target. A series of transfection and infection steps were used to introduce the vector into 143B cells, which are negative for thymidine kinase function, and produce vector virus for a single cycle of replication. Viral titers were measured by counting the number of drug resistant colonies on the assay plates, and forward mutation rates were calculated from the viral titers. Mutant proviruses were sequenced to determine the types of genetic alterations that occurred. The average forward mutation rate for HIV-1 was 2.2 x 10(-5)mutations/base/cycle. The majority of mutations were base substitutions, including high frequencies of C-->U and G-->A transitions. Single adenosine insertions were also observed frequently. The new assay is economical and provides a direct measurement of the mutation rate during a single cycle of viral replication. Target cells containing mutant proviruses survive the drug selection process and may be propagated for further analysis. The new assay is novel and has many advantages over previous mutation rate assays and thus will be very useful in future studies on genetic variation of HIV-1.
Demonstration of an Energy Meter Using a Pump Flow Station

Heating and cooling energy consumption measurements are critical for operations, controls, and fault detection and diagnosis of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Generally water flow has to be measured in order to determine energy consumption in either chilled water systems or hot water systems. Economical and accurate water flow measurements are essential to develop energy meters. Since pump performance relates actual pump water flow to pump head and power, theoretically water flow through a pump can be determined by other pump performance characteristics, such as pump head and motor power. This paper presents the theoretical model of pump flow stations based on pump head and motor power, and the experiments and results of a cooling energy meter using a pump flow station developed on the chilled water system at a facility.© 2008 ASME
Rupture Directivity Characteristics of the 2003 Big Bear Sequence

We have developed a forward modeling technique to retrieve rupture characteristics of small earthquakes (3 for each event using the resolved fault length. The results show large variations ranging from ∼1 to 90 Mpa, with no dependence on moment. However, Δσ appears inversely correlated with rupture speed V r ; in particular, events with larger Δσ tend to propagate at smaller V r , whereas events with smaller Δσ propagate faster. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Global analysis of miRNA target genes in colon rectal cancer

In this paper we present a global analysis of colon rectal cancer genes and their associated miRNAs. Significant genes in colon cancer were obtained by mining the literature and cancer related miRNAs were obtained from miRbase. Five different features were used to analyze to obtain a global gene-miRNA profile. By combining the topological features along with miRNA-gene associations and gene propensity measures, we identified a set of genes and modules that are significant in CRC. The proposed methodology identified 123 significant modules of miRNA-genes that can be further studied for understanding the disease and marker discovery.
A multitechnique reconfigurable electrochemical biosensor for integration into mobile technologies

This paper describes the design and validation of a reconfigurable, multitechnique electrochemical biosensor intended for direct integration into smartphone and wearable technologies to realize a portable platform for Point-of-Care health monitoring. The reconfigurable potentiostat is able to perform various electrochemical techniques (amperometric, potentiometric, and impedance spectroscopy) and interfaces with several types of interchangeable electrochemical sensors all with a minimal number of components. A prototype of the reconfigurable potentiostat module was developed with discrete components, characterized, and compared against benchtop equipment. To show feasibility as well as flexibility of the platform, the device was used to run pH measurements and a glucose assay with comparable performance.
Molecular arrangement of DNA in nucleohistone.

Several optical and hydrodynamic properties of purified nucleohistone have indicated that the secondary structure of DNA in nucleohistone is slightly different both from the structures of native and denatured DNA in solution. It has been suggested that while histones stabilize the overall DNA-structure they incorporate into the latter some denaturation defects. Rotational diffusion studies of acridine-orange complexes of whole and dehistonized nucleohistones have indicated that nucleohistone should contain a single continuous DNA molecule. The contour length of the DNA molecule would be about 2 to 3 times the end-to-end distance of nucleohistone. Polarized fluorescence microscopy and linear dichroism studies of whole nucleohistone have given an average estimate (about 30% of the total CNA) of oriented DNA in nucleohistone. The degree and the direction of maximum polarization of fluorescence from the dye complexes of whole and partial (i.e. partially dissociated) nucleohistones have been studied. From these studies, it is proposed that no single supercoiled arrangement of the DNA in nucleohistone is tenable. The combined results of all these studies suggest that the basic nucleohistone molecule contains coiled and extended DNA regions. The proportion of the lengths of the DNA constrained in the coiled and the extended regions is about 7:3. Only two probable models or classes have this quantitative feature of the DNA-arrangement and have been discussed.
An Evaluation of Graded Sense Disambiguation using Word Sense Induction

Word Sense Disambiguation aims to label the sense of a word that best applies in a given context. Graded word sense disambiguation relaxes the single label assumption, allowing for multiple sense labels with varying degrees of applicability. Training multi-label classifiers for such a task requires substantial amounts of annotated data, which is currently not available. We consider an alternate method of annotating graded senses using Word Sense Induction, which automatically learns the senses and their features from corpus properties. Our work proposes three objective to evaluate performance on the graded sense annotation task, and two new methods for mapping between sense inventories using parallel graded sense annotations. We demonstrate that sense induction offers significant promise for accurate graded sense annotation.
The Symbolic Significance of Archives

Although most archival records are created to accomplish a practical, utilitarian purpose, this essay explores some of the more "symbolic" aspects of recordmaking and recordkeeping. It argues that archivists should understand such issues as: the mixture of practical and symbolic values in records; the effects of symbolic meaning on the forms that records take; the occasions when the act of recordmaking is more significant than the record itself; the ceremonial uses of records; and both the reverence for and the hatred of records as objects.
Why Party Polarization Affects Presidential Success Differently in the Senate and House: Testing for Conditional Effects of Party Control and Presidential Approval

This paper reports a logit analysis of over 8500 conflictual House and Senate roll calls from 1953-2012. We test for conditional effects of party control, party polarization, and presidential approval in separate models for the House and Senate. Our analysis replicates the substantive findings of previous research regarding the effects of party control and polarization:• In House, rising party polarization increases the probability of winning for majority presidents and decreases the probability of minority presidents. • In the Senate, rising party polarization suppresses the probability of winning for both majority and minority presidents.• Rising party polarization and the emergence of the “minority party filibuster” account for different relationships in the Senate. When cloture votes are excluded from the analysis, the effects of party control are similar to those in the House — as party polarization increases, the probability of winning increases for majority presidents and decreases for minority presidents, though the slopes are less steep than in the House.The conditional effects approval on success are less consistent than the effects of party:• In the House, only majority presidents benefit from high public approval — rising approval increases the probability of winning for majority presidents and decreases the probability of minority presidents. • In the Senate, we find the same effects for approval — rising approval increases the probability of winning for majority presidents and decreases the probability for minority presidents, but the negative slope for minority presidents is less steep than in the House.• Basic presidential-congressional relations theory does not anticipate negative effects for approval. We can only speculate why this occurs, but since we find similar relationships in both chambers, future research should explore this further.
Simulation of Various Turret Configurations at Subsonic and Transonic Flight Conditions Using OVERFLOW

In this work, the ow elds associated with two canonical turret geometries, a fully exposed hemisphere on a at plate and a 50% submerged hemisphere on a at plate, were simulated using the OVERFLOW 2 ow solver. Both turret geometries utilize a at-window aperture with an aperture ratio (ratio of the aperture diameter to the turret diameter) of 0.295 and an elevation angle of 57 . The forward eld of regard was the particular focus in this study, and both symmetric (azimuth angle of 0 ) and asymmetric (azimuth of 45 ) window orientations were examined. Two ight conditions were also studied; a subsonic case with M = 0:45 and ReD = 6:30 10 and a transonic case with M = 0:85 and ReD = 9:53 10. The ow eld was simulated using the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation capability of OVERFLOW in conjunction with the spatially fth-order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme to capture the o -body vortical structures The incoming boundary layer was set a the same height for both geometries, which corresponded to a quarter of the height of the fully exposed hemisphere and half of the height of the submerged turret. The impact of the turret aerodynamics on the performance of the turrets for directed energy applications is inferred through consideration of the ow features, density and pressure uctuations, and forces on the turrets.
Immunochemical Determination of Orosomucoicd

SummaryA homogeneous glycoprotein, orosomucoid, isolated from normal human serum was found to be weakly antigenic in chickens. The antibody-antigen system appeared to consist of a single antigen and its specific antibody. A procedure for determining immunochemically the orosomucoid content of serum has been described. The results show a reasonably good correlation of orosomucoid with the levels of the seromucoid fraction (mucoprotein) of normal and pathological serum.
Mood and Locus of Control of a Sample of College and Professional Football Players

48 Division 1-A football players who concluded their careers after their college eligibility expired were compared with 12 team members who went on to play football in the National Football League. No significant differences between the two groups were found on the dimensions measured by the Profile of Mood States and on locus of control. Results are discussed in terms of Morgan's Iceberg Profile and the elite athlete.
σ-Donor/acceptor-confused ligands: the case of a chlorostibine.

In search for new examples of σ-acceptor ligands, we have investigated the tridentate ligands (o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2SbPh) (LPh) and (o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2SbCl) (LCl) which react with (tht)AuCl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) to afford LPhAuCl (1) and LClAuCl (2), respectively. As suggested by the structure of these complexes, which confirm complexation of the SbP2 ligands to the gold chloride fragment, and in agreement with the results of the density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations, the gold and antimony atom of 1 and 2 are involved in a Au→Sb donor–acceptor interaction. The magnitude of this interaction is higher in complex 2 which possesses a chlorinated and thus more Lewis acidic antimony center. We have also compared the strength of the Au→Sb interaction present in 2 with the Au→Bi interaction observed in the newly prepared bismuth analogue [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2BiCl]AuCl (3). This comparison reveals that 2 possesses a stronger Au→Pn bond (Pn = pnictogen), an observation reconciled by i...
Humidity effects on anisotropic nanofriction behaviors of aligned carbon nanotube carpets

We evaluated the interfacial properties of vertically and transversely aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) carpets using atomic force microscopy (AFM) under ambient (26%-52% relative humidity (RH)), mild (10% RH), and dry conditions (<3.3% RH). The frictional forces on a transversely aligned CNT (TAMWCNT) surface are lower than those on a vertically aligned CNT (VAMWCNT) surface, and they decrease as the relative humidity decreases for both TAMWCNT and VAMWCNT surfaces. Similar trends are found for adhesion forces on both surfaces. Contact mechanics theories are applied and compared in an attempt to better understand these results. The tribological behavior of CNT carpets unveiled in this paper is expected to inspire tunable friction surface engineering strategies.
Multi-period equilibrium modeling planning framework for tradable credit schemes

Abstract This study proposes the concept of multi-period tradable credit scheme (TCS) for a planning context. In it, travelers determine their actions in terms of consumption or sale of credits in the current period or transfer to future periods. In the first scheme, travelers can transfer credits to future periods without penalty. In the second scheme, the effects of two regulatory instruments are investigated on the market behavior. Study insights suggest that a multi-period TCS dampens credit price volatility. It allows the central authority to develop TCSs with stable credit prices in which travelers can hedge against potential monetary losses.
Preliminary Assessment of Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for Creating Aerial Photographs for Natural Resource Research

The recent significant reduction in the cost of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has expanded access to this technology to researchers in a variety of fields. For aerial mapping, UAS holds the promise to substantially increase the resolution of imagery and provide better control over when imagery is produced. In the natural resources, UAS could greatly expand the type of research questions that can be asked at a relatively low cost. This research assessed the utility and characteristics of low-cost UAS aerial photography for natural resource applications. Four craft, commercial fixed-wing and multirotor and handbuilt fixed-wing and multirotor, were tested in this study. Our findings conclude that UAS aerial photography is approximately 10x more detailed than traditional aerial photography, but issues with spatial accuracy and available flight weather may limit its use for some applications.
Beyond the pleasure principle: Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)

Enough is left unexplained to justify the hypothesis of a compulsion to repeat – something that seems more primitive, more elementary, more instinctual, than the pleasure principle which it overrides. – S. Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle , 1920, p. 23. Freud's 1920 monograph Beyond the Pleasure Principle marks a turning point in his idea of the most basic forces governing mental life. In it he asserts the existence of a genuine exception to the pleasure principle that he regards as sufficiently far-reaching to require a restructuring of the theory. The exception consists of people's compulsive repetition of previous experiences in the absence of any evident payoff: when people return repeatedly to horrific moments of their lives, as soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder might do in recurrently dreaming a catastrophic shelling in the trenches, they bring on an experience with no redeeming value, according to Freud. Called the repetition compulsion, the tendency toward these repetitions can override the pleasure principle. Freud extrapolates from the repetition compulsion to the existence of a death instinct, a trend toward quiescence and dissolution present in all living things: life first arose from inorganic material, and individual living entities return to that state at death. Death and inorganicity also represent the complete absence of stimulation; individuals verge on returning to that state on a smaller scale insofar as they strive toward the reduction of stimulation, the aim expressed by the pleasure principle and what Freud will present as its refinements. Finally, introducing a new dualism as the overarching dynamic of mental life, Freud conceives the death instinct as operating in opposition to the life instincts, which by the end of the monograph subsume both the sexual and ego instincts of his former schematic. The sexual and ego instincts, although thus grouped together, retain the potential for conflict Freud previously observed them to have (see Chapter 5). This work is, by Freud's own admission, one of his most speculative and far-fetched, especially the portion in which he derives and then justifies the death instinct and posits some of its consequences; the narrative is one of his most obscure. But psychological insight and intriguing turns of argument abound in its pages, which repay patient attention .
Risk Assessment for Foodborne Viruses

Risk is an inherent component of human existence, as is our creation of ways to avoid or minimize such risks. The formal process of assessing the likelihood and magnitude of risk, using that information to manage risk, and then communicating the process to others, forms the basis for risk analysis. This chapter provides an overview of the steps of risk analysis with a focus on risk assessment for foodborne viruses, particularly quantitative efforts that model and estimate the risks these viruses pose to human health. Most risk assessments in food and environmental virology performed in the last decade have focused on water, fresh produce, molluscan shellfish, and prepared foods. Recent examples of enteric virus risk modeling efforts are discussed in detail, as are several of the difficulties and intricacies of performing risk assessments for foodborne viruses compared to bacteria and other agents. This is a relatively new area of study, but one that will continue to grow as national and international agencies continue to adopt and require the methodology for food safety and the protection of human health.
Sexual orientation differences in HIV testing motivation among college men.

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate sexual orientation differences in college men's motivations for HIV testing. Participants: 665 male college students in the Southeastern United States from 2006 to 2014. Methods: Students completed a survey on HIV risk factors and testing motivations. Logistic regressions were conducted to determine the differences between heterosexual men (HM) and sexual minority men (SMM). Results: SMM were more motivated to get tested by concern over past condomless sex, while HM were more often cited supporting the testing program “on principle” and wanting a free t-shirt. SMM and HM differed in behaviors that impact HIV risk and other demographics. However, differences in testing motivation by concern over past condomless sex or wanting a free t-shirt persisted when controlling for these demographic and behavioral differences. Conclusions: Appropriately designed HIV prevention interventions on college campuses should target SMM's distinct concern over past condomless sex as a testing...
Recreational Physical Activity and Premenstrual Syndrome in Young Adult Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction It is estimated that up to 75% of premenopausal women experience at least one premenstrual symptom and 8-20% meet clinical criteria for premenstrual syndrome. Premenstrual syndrome substantially reduces quality of life for many women of reproductive age, with pharmaceutical treatments having limited efficacy and substantial side effects. Physical activity has been recommended as a method of reducing menstrual symptom severity. However, this recommendation is based on relatively little evidence, and the relationship between physical activity, premenstrual symptoms, and premenstrual syndrome remains unclear. Methods We evaluated the relationship between physical activity and premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual symptoms among 414 women aged 18-31. Usual premenstrual symptom experience was assessed with a modified version of the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences. Total, physical, and affective premenstrual symptom scores were calculated for all participants. Eighty women met criteria for moderate-to-severe premenstrual syndrome, while 89 met control criteria. Physical activity, along with dietary and lifestyle factors, was assessed by self-report. Results Physical activity was not significantly associated with total, affective, or physical premenstrual symptom score. Compared to the women with the lowest activity, women in tertiles 2 and 3 of activity, classified as metabolic equivalent task hours, had prevalence odds ratios for premenstrual syndrome of 1.5 (95% CI: 0.6-3.7) and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.4-2.4), respectively (p-value for trend = 0.85). Conclusions We found no association between physical activity and either premenstrual symptom scores or the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome.
Pedagogical Border Crossings: Testimonio y Reflexiones de una Mexicana Académica

I am an assistant professor at New Mexico State University; however, the path to getting to this position has been about crossing borders, about learning in and from the borderlands. The borderland...
54-Year-Old Female with a Syncopal Episode.

Author(s): Cimino-Fiallos, Nicole; Chang, Wan-Tsu W.; Bontempo, Laura J.; Dezman, Zachary D.W.
Enhanced Axillary Evaluation Using Reflector-Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: A Prospective Feasibility Study and Comparison With Conventional Lymphatic Mapping Techniques.

Abstract Background Recently there are efforts to use sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) techniques after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to minimize axillary surgery. However, studies have shown higher false negative rates in this scenario, which might result in inaccurate assessment of treatment response and patient prognosis as well as leaving residual disease behind. In this study, we describe the use of reflector-guided excision of the percutaneously biopsied node (PBN) as an aid to conventional SLNB and its predictor of the axillary status after NAC. Patients and Methods This was a single-institution analysis of patients who underwent axillary fiducial-reflector placement and subsequent SLNB compared with conventional SLNB. Results Nineteen patients in the reflector group were matched with 19 patients who underwent conventional SLNB (conventional group). The PBN was identified in the SLNB in 19 patients (100%) in the reflector group and in 9 patients (47.3%) in the conventional group (P = .002). In the remaining 10 patients in the conventional group, the PBN was identified in the axillary lymph node dissection specimen in 4 patients (21%) and not identified in 6 patients (31.7%). Among the 38 patients, traditional mapping failed to identify the PBN in 13 patients (34.2%). The PBN was negative in 10 patients (36%) and positive in 18 patients (64%); no additional positive nodes were identified among patients with a negative PBN, correctly reflecting the status of the axilla in 100% of cases. Conclusion Mapping failure after NAC might compromise SLNB. Reflector-guided excision of the PBN is not only facile and feasible, but more accurately reflects the status of the axilla after NAC.
Car seat education: a randomized controlled trial of teaching methods

Abstract Objective To determine if a less labor-intensive video-based program for teaching car seat installation can be as effective as the traditional didactic lecture component. Methods This is a randomized controlled trial of caregivers seeking car seat education. Caregivers were assigned to didactic or video-based social learning classes. The didactic class involved live lecture; the social learning class included a brief lecture and the video, Simple Steps to Child Passenger Safety, utilizing social learning principles. Proficiency in child passenger safety was evaluated pre- and post-class via: (1) 5-question confidence assessment; (2) 15-question knowledge test; and (3) 5-part car seat installation demonstration. Data were analyzed to compare post-class assessment scores between teaching modalities using pre-test scores as covariates, and correlation of participant confidence and knowledge with installation ability. Results 526 individuals registered and were randomized. A total of 213 arrived for class with 103 randomized to didactic teaching and 111 to social learning. Didactics and social learning groups showed similar increases in post-class confidence, knowledge, and installation ability. In the pre-class assessment, 16% of participants in each group installed the car seat correctly. After controlling for baseline installation ability, correct post-class car seat installation did not vary between groups (mean difference = 0.001; p = 0.964). Among participants with high scores on the knowledge assessment, only 57% could demonstrate correct car seat installation (rs = 0.160, p = 0.023). Conclusion Video-based social learning methodology, which requires less time and resources, was as effective in teaching child passenger safety as didactic lecture. Both teaching methods significantly improved proficiency in child passenger restraint. Car seat installation knowledge is only weakly correlated with proper installation ability and proper installation remains a challenge, even after education.