cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power line sensornet - a new concept for power grid monitoring

Significant work has been done on the sensing of utility assets. Most proposed approaches have been based on the principle of using few relatively expensive sensors and wireless communication links to provide a sample of data on the status of the power line. This paper introduces the concept of a distributed power line sensornet (PLS) as an alternative approach to realizing cost-effective power grid monitoring. By way of an example a distributed sensor module is proposed that can be clipped on to an existing power line and have the following four core functions: continuously monitoring critical line parameters in the immediate vicinity of the sensor; estimating the line status and identifying incipient faults in a changing environment; operating as a node of the sensornet communication system; power and fault management while allowing sensing and communication functions. Details of implementation and system impact are presented in the paper, along with simulation results.
Wireless networking outside of the simulator

Summary form only given. Simulation is an important tool in the development of mobile ad hoc networks. It has a number of important benefits in providing an environment to experiment and verify routing protocol correctness. However, there is no guarantee that the protocol works in practice because simulators contain assumptions and simplified models that may not reflect real network operation. For instance, while most widely used mobility models create a dynamic environment that can be used to stress a protocol in a mobile network, they do not generate realistic movement patterns. It has been shown that mobility model selection directly influences the performance of the routing protocol. Hence, the use of an unrealistic model results in predictions that do not reflect achievable performance in the real world. Other sources of predication inaccuracy stem from the omission of relevant, up-to-date protocol models. As a result of these simplifications, inaccuracies and omissions, mobile network performance can be incorrectly predicted. In particular, the performance of field networks can be orders of magnitude worse than the simulated performance of the same network. This poses a serious problem for mobile networking researchers, who have invested heavily in simulation as a tool for network development and evaluation. The talk describes some of the disparities between predicted and measured performance, and discuss mechanisms for bridging this gap.
Toward super-real-time simulation of robotic mechanisms using a parallel integration method

The results of research performed in computational robot dynamics to achieve real-time simulation of a manipulator on a general-purpose vector/parallel computer are presented. After effective vectorization of the complex dynamics equations required in simulation, a coarse-grain parallel block predictor-corrector (BPC) method for performing the motion integration was realized on multiple processors to exploit a form of temporal parallelism. Results on a CRAY Y-MP8/864 show that effective use of vectorization and parallelization yields an order of magnitude speedup resulting in a computational rate 50 times faster than real-time for end-effector position errors on the order of a micron. This translates to real-time performance on a less powerful parallel computing system. >
Theory-based training strategies for modifying practitioner concerns about exposure therapy

Despite the well-established efficacy of exposure therapy in the treatment of pathological anxiety, many therapists believe this treatment carries an unacceptably high risk for harm, is intolerable for patients, and poses a number of ethical quandaries. These beliefs have been shown to account for two related problems: (a) underutilization of exposure therapy, and (b) overly cautious and suboptimal delivery the treatment, which likely attenuates treatment outcomes. At present, there is little guidance for those who train exposure therapists to address these concerns. This article reviews therapist negative beliefs about exposure therapy and discusses their modification based on findings from social and cognitive psychology pertinent to belief change, including dual-processing in reasoning, the need for cognition and affect, and attitude inoculation. A number of strategies are offered for augmenting training in exposure therapy in order to promote positive beliefs about the treatment. These strategies involve: (a) therapists engaging in simulated exposure therapy exercises and presenting arguments in defense of exposure's safety, tolerability, and ethicality, and (b) training therapists using emotion-based appeals (e.g., case examples) to supplement research findings. Directions for future research on practitioner concerns about exposure therapy are discussed.
360/spl deg/ rotating micro mirror for transmitting and sensing optical coherence tomography signals

We have designed a micro actuator system for precise transmission and reception of bio-optical signals. Our system consists of a first-in-kind polysilicon micro mirror held stationary at a 45/spl deg/ angle on top of a 360/spl deg/-rotating platform driven by a scratch drive array. The entire system is designed with a 1-mm diameter size constraint. This constraint allows the device to fit inside the tip of a catheter for use in biomedical endoscopy. We have developed two designs, based on a commercial micromachining process, to accomplish this. One mirror assembly is pulled into position at 45/spl deg/ while the other mirror assembly flips over itself into place. The benefit of the former mirror is that it can easily be coated with gold to improve reflectivity at the foundry. The benefit of the latter is that the optically-flat bottom surface of the polysilicon layer is used as the reflective surface of the mirror. Photoresist "hinges" are used to allow this system to self-assemble by surface tension induced through heating.
Communication-Efficient Online Detection of Network-Wide Anomalies

There has been growing interest in building large-scale distributed monitoring systems for sensor, enterprise, and ISP networks. Recent work has proposed using principal component analysis (PCA) over global traffic matrix statistics to effectively isolate network-wide anomalies. To allow such a PCA-based anomaly detection scheme to scale, we propose a novel approximation scheme that dramatically reduces the burden on the production network. Our scheme avoids the expensive step of centralizing all the data by performing intelligent filtering at the distributed monitors. This filtering reduces monitoring bandwidth overheads, but can result in the anomaly detector making incorrect decisions based on a perturbed view of the global data set. We employ stochastic matrix perturbation theory to bound such errors. Our algorithm selects the filtering parameters at local monitors such that the errors made by the detector are guaranteed to lie below a user-specified upper bound. Our algorithm thus allows network operators to explicitly balance the tradeoff between detection accuracy and the amount of data communicated over the network. In addition, our approach enables real-time detection because we exploit continuous monitoring at the distributed monitors. Experiments with traffic data from Abilene backbone network demonstrate that our methods yield significant communication benefits while simultaneously achieving high detection accuracy.
HD Formation by Nitrogenase: A Probe for N2 Reduction Intermediates

Nitrogenase is a complex of two separately purifiable proteins, the molybdenum-iron protein [MoFe] and the iron protein [Fe].1,2 In addition to catalyzing the reduction of N2 to ammonia, nitro genase has ATP-hydrolyzing activity,3 ATP-dependent H2-evolution activity,4 and supports a reaction between D2 and protons (from H2O) to form HD.5 In the absence of other substrates, all the reductant consumed is used to reduce protons to H2. When N2 is added as a substrate, an apparent maximum of 75% of the electrons reduce N2 while the remainder still reduce protons.6
Evaluating the Intergenerational Link Between Maternal and Child Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Examination

The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and anxiety has been extensively studied in adults, while research on child IU is nascent. Despite recent advances in the evaluation of IU and clinical correlates in youth, little is known about familial patterns of IU and intergenerational links between parent and child IU. The present study provides a preliminary evaluation of the relationship between maternal IU and child IU in a sample of community youth (N = 90; ages 7–13 years). Analyses showed a significant, medium association between maternal and child IU (r = .42, p < .01), and this effect remained significant after controlling for maternal anxiety. Moreover, the relationship between maternal and child IU mediated the well-established link between maternal and child anxiety (b = .22, 95 % bias-corrected bootstrap CI .05, .54). Future research is needed to examine the mechanisms through which maternal and child IU are linked to inform developmental models of anxiety and the intergenerational transmission of IU.
Peer Review and Research Impact

In academia, citations received by articles are a critical metric for measuring research impact. An important aspect of publishing in academia is the ability of the authors to navigate the review process, and despite its critical role, very little is known about how the review process may impact the research impact of an article. We propose that characteristics of the review process, namely, number of revisions and time with authors during review, will influence the article’s research impact, post-publication. We also explore the moderating role of the authors’ social status on the relationship between the review process and the article’s success. We use a unique data set of 434 articles published in Marketing Science to test our propositions. After controlling for a host of factors, we find broad support for our propositions. We develop critical insights for researchers and academic administrators based on our findings.
Synthesis of Planar Mechanisms Simultaneously for Both Type and Dimensionality Using Evolutionary Search and Convertible Agents

In the field of mechanical engineering, synthesizing a mechanism to perform an intended task is deceptively complex. In this dissertation, a novel approach to automated mechanism synthesis is described which uses an evolutionary search algorithm and a technique called "convertible agents" to simultaneously find the most appropriate mechanism type for a given problem, while finding an optimum set of dimensions for that mechanism to realize a specified behavior. The convertible agent technique has been developed in response to the unique design challenges encountered when synthesizing a mechanism for both type and dimensionality. Several case studies are presented which demonstrate the approach's effectiveness over earlier solution strategies. In these studies, six different planar single-degree-of-freedom mechanism types are considered: a four-bar mechanism, Stephenson's six-bar-mechanisms (types I, II, and III), and Watt's six-bar-mechanisms (types I and II). The method is readily scalable to account for any number of different mechanism types and complexities. The developed convertible agent approach is well suited for evolutionary design applications outside of mechanism synthesis in which there are a small number of distinct topological design possibilities each with parametric variables to be optimized.
Titanium in dentistry: development and research in the U.S.A.

Titanium has received a great deal of attention from dental researchers and clinicians. In the United States, the history of the application of titanium as a biomaterial started as early as 1940 when experiments with titanium implants were done using laboratory animals. It appears that in 1959, two American researchers were the first to suggest casting titanium to fabricate implant posts. The use of cast titanium for dental prostheses in the U.S. was first reported in 1977. The present survey revealed that during the last decade, the number of research projects on the applications of titanium to dentistry that were presented at annual IADR/AADR meetings has steadily increased. The majority of these presentations have been made by American researchers, and 59% of these were related to dental implantology. The numbers of reports on casting and prosthodontic applications have steadily increased, but they are still more limited. The purpose of this review was to provide information on the development and the current status of research on titanium in dentistry in the U.S.
New Species of Black Fly in the Simulium jenningsi Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Southeastern United States

The larva, pupa, adults, and polytene chromosomes of a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Simulium jenningsi group are described and illustrated, and the taxonomy and ecology of the group are discussed. Simulium krebsorum Moulton & Adler, new species, occurs in small, swamp streams of the Sandhills and Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina and Upper Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The pupa and male of this species are readily distinguished from those of all other North American species. The polytene chromosomes are a minimum of 11 fixed inversions from the Simulium jenningsi standard.
Optical imaging of skin pathology with a polarized light camera

A hand-held camera uses polarized light to reject multiply scattered photons and create an image based on photons scattered from the superficial layers of skin. Roughly, the upper 300 um of skin are imaged. Images of melanoma are shown. More information can be found at http://www.bme.ogi.edu/biomedicaloptics/.
TrackMeOrNot: Enabling Flexible Control on Web Tracking

Recent advance in web tracking technologies has raised many privacy concerns. To combat users' fear of privacy invasion, online vendors have taken measures such as being more transparent with users about their data use and providing options for users to manage their online activities. Such efforts gain users' trust in online vendors and improve their willingness to share their digital footprints. However, there are still a significant amount of users who actively limit involuntarily sharing of data because vendor provided management tools only restrict the use of collected data and users worry vendors do not have enough measures in place to protect their privacy sensitive information. In this paper, we propose TrackMeOrNot, a new anti-tracking mechanism. It allows users to selectively share their online footprints with vendors. With TrackMeOrNot, users are no longer concerned with privacy. Using it, users can specify their privacy sensitive activities and selectively disclose their activities to vendors based on their specified privacy demands. We implemented TrackMeOrNot on Chromium browser and systematically evaluated its performance using a large set of test cases. We show that TrackMeOrNot can efficiently and effectively shield privacy sensitive browsing activities.
The role of an indium leukocyte scan in the diagnosis of a pyeloduodenal fistula associated with spontaneous disappearance of a staghorn calculus.

AbstractThe use of a 111indium oxine-leukocyte scan (white cell scan) to establish the diagnosis of a pyeloduodenal fistula is described. The patient had a fistula that was associated with spontaneous disappearance of a large staghorn calculus in the involved kidney. The disappearance of the calculus and the presence of a pyeloduodenal fistula were confirmed at surgical exploration. Although neither an excretory urogram nor a retrograde pyelogram was useful to diagnose the fistula preoperatively a 111indium oxine-leukocyte scan revealed the renal abscess and pyeloduodenal fistula.
CO2/brine/rock interactions in Lower Tuscaloosa formation

Saline aquifers are the largest potential continental geologic CO2 sequestration resource. Understanding of potential geochemically induced changes to the porosity and permeability of host CO2 storage and sealing formation rock will improve our ability to predict CO2 plume dynamics, storage capacity, and long-term reservoir behavior. Experiments exploring geochemical interactions of CO2/brine/rock on saline formations under CO2 sequestration conditions were conducted in a static system. Chemical interactions in core samples from the Lower Tuscaloosa formation from Jackson County, Mississippi, with exposure to CO2-saturated brine under sequestration conditions were studied through six months of batch exposure. The experimental conditions to which the core samples of Lower Tuscaloosa sandstone and Selma chalk were exposed to a temperature of 85°C, CO2 pressure of 23.8 MPa (3500 psig), while immersed in a model brine representative of Tuscaloosa Basin. Computed tomography (CT), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), brine chemistry, and petrography analyses were performed before and after the exposure. Permeability measurements from the sandstone core sample before and after exposure showed a permeability reduction. No significant change of the permeability measurements was noticed for the core sample obtained from Selma chalk after it was exposed to CO2/brine for six months. These results have implications for performance of the storage interval, and the integrity of the seal in a CO2 storage setting. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Neuroanatomical Techniques for Labeling Neurons and Their Utility in Neurotoxicology

Publisher Summary This chapter describes neuroanatomical methods suited for labeling neurons. The chapter also addresses the importance of neuroanatomical approaches in ascertaining the significance of structural alterations. The chapter demonstrates how neuro-anatomical approaches, when applied in conjunction with basic toxicological considerations, can reveal how toxicants alter the structure of the nervous system. Morphological approaches are unique in their capacity to provide detailed information about the location and extent of toxicant-induced damage. This kind of information is critical for recognizing the significance of structural alterations in pathogenesis. By interpreting toxicant-induced alterations in terms of their impact on neural circuitry, an important link can be established between neuropathology and functional deficits. This chapter discusses the assessment of neural circuitry at three levels of organization. The first level corresponds to major brain regions and their interconnecting pathways. The second level is the individual neuron. The third level is the subcellular organization of molecules critical to neuronal integrity. For the methods applied to each of these three levels, this chapter briefly describes the methods, their advantages and disadvantages with regard to making inferences concerning neural structure and provides examples where such methods have been applied to the assessment of neurotoxicity or related injury.
Biologically Active Amines in Food: A Review

Biologically active amines are normal constituents of many foods and have been found in cheese; sauerkraut; wine; and putrid, aged, or fermented meats. These low molecular weight organic bases do not represent any hazard to individuals unless large quantities are ingested or natural mechanisms for their catabolism are inhibited or genetically deficient. Tyramine, histamine, and phenethylamine, which can arise from enzymatic decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids, are strongly vasoactive. Histamine, a capillary dilator, produces hypotensive effects while tyramine and phenethylamine cause a rise in blood pressure. Phenethylamine has been implicated in the onset of migraine headache attacks. The occurrence, mechanism of formation, and catabolism of these compounds is reviewed.
Do all-cause revisit rates reflect the quality of pediatric surgical care provided during index encounters?☆

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the relatedness of revisits to the index surgical encounter across different pediatric surgical procedures and to explore whether all-cause revisit rates are an accurate surrogate measure for related revisits in this cohort of children. Methods We reviewed all-cause revisits occurring within ninety days of the thirty most commonly performed pediatric surgical procedures at 44 children's hospitals between 1/1/2012 and 3/31/2015. For each condition, a team of four surgeons reviewed revisit diagnoses and reached consensus around relatedness to the index surgical encounter. Chi-squared tests were used to test for variation in all-cause and related revisits among procedures. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between rankings of procedures by their all-cause and related revisit rates. Results 144,535 index encounters were analyzed with an overall revisit rate of 15.0% (21,732). Significant variation was found in both the rates of all-cause revisits among procedures (ranges: 7.6–68.4%, p Conclusions The relative proportion of revisits related to the index encounter varies significantly across pediatric surgical conditions, and poor correlation exists at the procedure-level between all-cause and related revisits rates. Level of evidence IV.
More than a Producer: ‘George Abbott Presents’

George Abbott’s (1887–1995) multi-faceted and long career included work as a producer for several important musicals in the middle of the century, including The Boys from Syracuse (1938), Too Many Girls (1939), and Pal Joey (1940). Abbott was also active as a director, and producing formed one part of his creative persona.
A machine-learning approach for damage detection in aircraft structures using self-powered sensor data

This study proposes a novel strategy for damage identification in aircraft structures. The strategy was evaluated based on the simulation of the binary data generated from self-powered wireless sensors employing a pulse switching architecture. The energy-aware pulse switching communication protocol uses single pulses instead of multi-bit packets for information delivery resulting in discrete binary data. A system employing this energy-efficient technology requires dealing with time-delayed binary data due to the management of power budgets for sensing and communication. This paper presents an intelligent machine-learning framework based on combination of the low-rank matrix decomposition and pattern recognition (PR) methods. Further, data fusion is employed as part of the machine-learning framework to take into account the effect of data time delay on its interpretation. Simulated time-delayed binary data from self-powered sensors was used to determine damage indicator variables. Performance and accuracy of the damage detection strategy was examined and tested for the case of an aircraft horizontal stabilizer. Damage states were simulated on a finite element model by reducing stiffness in a region of the stabilizer’s skin. The proposed strategy shows satisfactory performance to identify the presence and location of the damage, even with noisy and incomplete data. It is concluded that PR is a promising machine-learning algorithm for damage detection for time-delayed binary data from novel self-powered wireless sensors.
T Cell Immune Responses in Skin

The adaptive immune system is historically divided into cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity, which were considered to provide defense against intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively. As the complexity of each element of the adaptive immune system is revealed, it is now clear that extracellular pathogens can also be targeted by cell-mediated immunity, and intracellular viruses by humoral immunity. The two main effector cell types mediating adaptive immunity are T and B lymphocytes (more commonly called T and B cells). Both cell types are characterized by a nearly infinite variety of unique antigen receptors, so that at the genomic level no two naive T cells or naive B cells are alike. There are two hallmarks of the adaptive immune system, specificity and memory, and lymphocytes are the only immune cells capable of both. Naive lymphocytes are antigen inexperienced, meaning they have not previously recognized and responded to antigen. Their response upon first exposure is termed the primary response. The primary response is characterized by rapid but transient clonal expansion, and this ultimately generates a limited number of long-lived antigen specific lymphocytes, termed memory cells, which upon re-exposure to their cognate antigen produce a more rapid and effective immune response, termed the secondary response. Engineered generation of memory T and B cells to specific pathogens is the basis for vaccination. Specificity to structurally distinct antigen is produced by a combination of genetic events and selection process that allows lymphocytes to recognize and react predominantly to foreign, and much less frequently to self, antigen. The loss of inhibition of recognition of self results in autoimmune disease, and there are a number of mechanisms in place to prevent this from occurring.
Management of the Positive Axilla in 2017

The role of surgery in breast cancer treatment and axillary staging is changing. It is not very far from today, when axillary dissection was the standard treatment and staging procedure for all stages of breast cancer. Today, we are on the edge of omitting axillary dissection even in patients with the axillary disease. In this review, we walked through the changes in axillary management throughout the past hundred years.
A lifestyle intervention program for successfully addressing major cardiometabolic risks in persons with SCI: a three-subject case series

This study is a prospective case series analyzing the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program in three patients with chronic paraplegia having major risks for the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). Individuals underwent an intense 6-month program of circuit resistance exercise, nutrition using a Mediterranean diet and behavioral support, followed by a 6-month extension (maintenance) phase involving minimal support. The primary goal was a 7% reduction of body mass. Other outcomes analyzed insulin resistance using the HOMA-IR model, and plasma levels of fasting triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All participants achieved the goal for 7% reduction of body mass and maintained the loss after the MP. Improvements were observed in 2/3 subjects for HOMA-IR and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All participants improved their risk for plasma triglycerides. We conclude, in a three-person case series of persons with chronic paraplegia, a lifestyle intervention program involving circuit resistance training, a calorie-restrictive Mediterranean-style diet and behavioral support, results in clinically significant loss of body mass and effectively reduced component risks for CMS and diabetes. These results were for the most part maintained after a 6-month MP involving minimal supervision.
Embrochage à foyer fermé antérograde pour les fractures des métacarpiens – étude prospective sur 150 cas

The aim of the study was to asses the results of antegrade percutaneous intramedullary K-wire fixation, for unstable displaced metacarpal fractures in a large number of cases in order to support the usage of this mini invasive technique in the largest variety of fractures as possible. One hundred and fifty patients with 165 metacarpal fractures were evaluated. Average follow-up 10 weeks. TAM of the digit, rotational deformity, Q-DASH score and PRWHE score were recorded. The radiographic outcome was assessed by evaluating the dorsal angulation and shortening of the metacarpal. Regional anesthesia, fluoroscopic guidance and upper arm tourniquet were always used. Once the metacarpal fracture was reduced, a hole at the proximal epiphiseal dorsal corner was performed percutaneously with a pointed tip K-wire (2 mm of diameter) with an incidence of about 40°. Then, a blunt tip K-wire, was inserted through the hole in the metacarpal bone in the anterograde direction along the whole intramedullary canal until the internal cortical bone of the metacarpal head, in order to obtain a stable fixation. Number and diameter of the K-wire depend on the fracture morphotype and on the size of medullary canal. They were selected to fit in the intramedullary space well to supply maximum fracture stability, verified with dynamic test. The wires were bent approximately of 90° to be perpendicular to the dorsal skin and then cut to about 2 cm outside of it to prevent tendon impingement, which is possible with subcutaneous wire cutting. A soft dressing was applied for all the patients, encouraged to begin full motion exercises. At 5 weeks the wires were removed. Few precautions distinguish our technique over others described in the literature, but they are crucial in our opinion. Percutaneous antegrade approach without joint transfixation and tendon exposition joined to an immediate finger motion is able to avoid stiffness and tendon adhesions. The thickness of K-wires is always the largest possible to ensure rotational and length stability. Do not cut the wire under the skin, prevents tendon irritations and this leads to a very low incidence of complications such as infection, algodystrophy and need for second operations. This technique represents a valid solution for the treatment of many kind of displaced and unstable fractures of the metacarpals, being of fast running, of low cost and offering excellent results both in terms clinical and radiographic.
Peptide-targeted, stimuli-responsive polymersomes for delivering a cancer stemness inhibitor to cancer stem cell microtumors.

Abstract Often cancer relapses after an initial response to chemotherapy because of the tumor’s heterogeneity and the presence of progenitor stem cells, which can renew. To overcome drug resistance, metastasis, and relapse in cancer, a promising approach is the inhibition of cancer stemness. In this study, the expression of the neuropilin-1 receptor in both pancreatic and prostate cancer stem cells was identified and targeted with a stimuli-responsive, polymeric nanocarrier to deliver a stemness inhibitor (napabucasin) to cancer stem cells. Reduction-sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers PEG1900-S-S-PLA6000 and the N3-PEG1900-PLA6000 were synthesized. The tumor penetrating iRGD peptide-hexynoic acid conjugate was linked to the N3-PEG1900-PLA6000 polymer via a Cu2+ catalyzed “Click” reaction. Subsequently, this peptide-polymer conjugate was incorporated into polymersomes for tumor targeting and tissue penetration. We prepared polymersomes containing 85% PEG1900-S-S-PLA6000, 10% iRGD-polymer conjugate, and 5% DPPE-lissamine rhodamine dye. The iRGD targeted polymersomes encapsulating the cancer stemness inhibitor napabucasin were internalized in both prostate and pancreatic cancer stem cells. The napabucasin encapsulated polymersomes significantly (p
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Precertification Pilot Program for Digital Health Software: Weighing the Benefits and Risks

In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a new program for software classified as a medical device. The Digital Health Software Precertification (Pre-Cert) Program is designed to expedite regulatory review for companies that demonstrate quality and organizational excellence in software development. Although Pre-Cert is intended to promote the worthy goals of access and innovation in digital health, many questions have been raised. In particular, Pre-Cert may reduce incentives for developers to study the safety and effectiveness of their software products before patients start to rely on them. Although postmarket surveillance can mitigate risks of these products, the FDA does not have as much authority after a product's widespread use to enforce data collection deadlines. Pre-Cert may also create confusion for patients and physicians, who may believe that marketed products were subject to rigorous study.
Managing Negative Interactions in Space Crews: The Role of Simulator Research

This chapter argues that a watershed period has been reached in the history of spaceflight that requires a “paradigm shift” in the way spacecraft are designed and people are selected and trained for spaceflight. In the beginning, space programs had minimal spacecraft, and flights were of short duration. Heroic human specimens were then recruited and extensively trained to perform in these machines no matter how difficult or uncomfortable it was. Spacecraft technology is now sufficiently sophisticated to design spacecraft to be much more accommodating to human occupants. The historical timing of this shift in thinking is heralded by the coming together of sophisticated space technology, the rise of space tourism, and the desire for spaceflights of greater duration than brief sorties into Earth orbit.
Fetal breathing movements in uncomplicated pregnancies: I. Relationship to gestational age

Fetal breathing movements occur in uncomplicated gestations. The relationship of fetal breathing movements recorded in 30 min sessions to gestational age and blood glucose levels is described. A total of 142 recording sessions were obtained from 45 gravid women with uncomplicated pregnancies from 24 to 41 weeks' gestation. There was a significant increase in the proportion of time spent in fetal breathing as gestational age increased. Glucose levels in a normal range (70 to 120 mg/100 ml) at the time of the recording sessions showed no correlation with the proportion of fetal breathing time.
Vector Operations in ℝ3

In the vector analysis of ℝ3 one uses a formal vector operator, written ∇ and called “nabla” or “del”, which is defined (so to speak) as $$ \nabla {\rm{ = }}\;\mathop \sum \limits_{{\rm{i = 1}}}^3 {\rm{ }}\frac{\partial }{{\partial {{\rm{x}}_{\rm{i}}}}}\;\mathop {{{\rm{e}}_{\rm{i}}}}\limits^ \to \;. $$ (1)
A systematic approach for examining the impact of calibration uncertainty in disease modeling

In model-based analysis for comparative evaluation of strategies for disease treatment and management, the model of the disease is arguably the most critical element. A fundamental challenge in identifying model parameters arises from the limitations of available data, which challenges the ability to uniquely link model parameters to calibration targets. Consequently, the calibration of disease models leads to the discovery of multiple models that are similarly consistent with available data. This phenomenon is known as calibration uncertainty and its effect is transferred to the results of the analysis. Insufficient examination of the breadth of potential model parameters can create a false sense of confidence in the model recommendation, and ultimately cast doubt on the value of the analysis. This paper introduces a systematic approach to the examination of calibration uncertainty and its impact. We begin with a model of the calibration process as a constrained optimization problem and introduce the notion of plausible models which define the uncertainty region for model parameters. We illustrate the approach using a fictitious disease, and explore various methods for interpreting the outputs obtained.
The importance of scale in understanding the effect of stream intermittence on aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity

Biotic richness in intermittent reaches (α‐diversity) is generally lower than in perennial reaches. However, variability among intermittent reaches (β‐diversity) is predicted to be higher. Yet how patterns in α‐ and β‐diversity scale up to influence stream network diversity is unclear and has received little attention. In addition, the timing of sampling relative to the resumption of flow in intermittent reaches should influence patterns in diversity. We predicted that early in the wet season, assemblages in intermittent reaches would be recovering from drying and have lower α‐diversity and higher β‐diversity relative to perennial reaches but that these patterns might not be reflected at the stream network scale. In contrast, we predicted that late in the wet season, assemblages in intermittent reaches would recover and α, β, and network diversity would be similar between intermittent and perennial reaches. These predictions were tested with macroinvertebrate assemblages in an eastern Oregon stream network. Early in the wet season, α‐diversity and network diversity were lower in intermittent than perennial reaches; however, β‐diversity was similar between the two types of reaches. Late in the wet season, both α‐diversity and β‐diversity were similar between intermittent and perennial reaches, suggesting recovery of intermittent reaches from drying. However, at the network scale, intermittent reaches continued to have lower diversity indicating a lack of recovery. Rare taxa were particularly vulnerable to flow intermittency. Our results indicate that a consideration of spatial scale, taxa abundance/rarity, and timing of sampling will improve our understanding of the effect of flow intermittence on diversity.
Early Identification of Grooming and Targeting in Predatory Sexual Behavior on College Campuses

Abstract Institutions of higher education have an opportunity through prevention programs, education, and early intervention to reduce the occurrence of sexual violence within their student populat...
Assessment of Measurement Practices in Medical Rehabilitation: Measure Users and Their Audiences

This article identifies the various audiences for rehabilitation measurements and examines the communication problems that arise in discussion and implementation of these measurements.
Espiritualidades protestantes: A piedade na tradição luterana em torno à justificação pela fé

O segmento luterano deu inicio historico ao Protestantismo, articulando com muito vigor uma rica relacao entre piedade individual e pensamento teologico. Enfrentou com ousadia a instituicao eclesiastica medieval construindo sua identidade por meio da traducao da Biblia para a lingua alema, de comentarios exegeticos dos livros biblicos, de confissoes de fe, debates, diatribes, tratados, pregacoes, musica congregacional. Antes de tudo, desejava comunicar o Evangelho a seu povo. Construiu uma espiritualidade a partir da Biblia, como que reagindo criticamente a cristandade e ao patrimonio da tradicao, afirmando a primazia da revelacao nas Escrituras, a salvacao pela graca divina por meio da fe e a singularidade de Cristo em todo o processo soteriologico. Consequentemente, se envolveu em polemicas teologicas e doutrinarias com a Igreja Catolica, detentora da cultura; posicionou-se contra os protestantes radicais, experimentou um enrijecimento dogmatico – ortodoxia protestante – na busca de equilibrio e a subsequente renovacao de sua espiritualidade em posturas pietistas moderadas ou extremas. Por um lado, contribuiu para a modernidade, por outro, reafirmou posicoes teologicas e espirituais dos antigos e medievais.
An analysis of unplanned return to the operating room following deceased donor kidney transplantation.

Abstract Introduction This study was undertaken to characterize unplanned return to the OR following kidney transplantation(KT). Methods All patients undergoing KT at a single center from 1/2015 through 11/2017 were evaluated. The primary endpoint was unplanned return to the OR within 90 days. Perioperative and one year patient and graft outcomes were also determined. Results Of 190 patients, 14(7.4%) of patients had unplanned reoperation. The most common individual indications were bleeding from biopsy sites(n = 2), poor vascular flow on postop ultrasound(n = 4), and perforated diverticulitis(n = 2). Forty Three percent of all reoperations were unrelated to the technical conduct of the transplant operation. Reoperated patients had significantly worse survival at one year(78.6% vs. 96.6%), although graft function in survivors was similar to those who did not return to the OR. Conclusion Reoperation following KT is frequently unrelated to the technical conduct of the transplant procedure, thus it may not be useful as a quality metric.
NATIONAL LANDSCAPE OF HOSPITALIZATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE: INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONAL READMISSION DATABASE 2010-2015

The number of patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) has increased over the years and it is important to identify the etiologies for hospital admission, as well as the costs, length of stay and in-hospital complications in this patient group. Using the National Readmission Database
A comparison between maternal, tocodynamometric, and real-time ultrasonographic assessments of fetal movement

Fetal movements were simultaneously studied with maternal perception, tocodynamometry, and real-time ultrasonography. A comparison between these three modalities demonstrated good agreement. The percentage of agreement improved with increasing duration of fetal movements. For fetal movements lasting longer than 3 seconds, the agreement between ultrasonography and tocodynamometry was 95.6%. These findings suggest that tocodynamometry is a sensitive method for studying fetal movements.
On Design and Practice of Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Computer Systems

One major group of real-time computer systems are those specialized in supervisory control of several highly complex systems. Computer systems used in such a supervisory control role tend to be tightly coupled with respect to time to the other complex systems and need to operate under very strict response times imposed by the problem domain. The main task for the designer of such a computer system is the proper mapping of currently available technologies to the computer system design under pre-established financial, performance and reliability constraints. Clearly, this task can only be accomplished by acknowledging the limitations, resource requirements, and characteristics of the available technology relative to the dynamics of the supervisory control time lines. Furthermore, most supervisory control systems are developed under an evolutionary approach of separate independent developments of the controlled components. The compatibility of the supervisory system with new components as well as the backward compatibility with previous versions of the supervisory system are major design issues. Typically, the life cycle for the controlled components as well as the supervisory control system itself are measured in decades.
Reliability Models Using the Composite Generalizers of Weibull Distribution

In this article, we study the composite generalizers of Weibull distribution using exponentiated, Kumaraswamy, transmuted and beta distributions. The composite generalizers are constructed using both forward and reverse order of each of these distributions. The usefulness and effectiveness of the composite generalizers and their order of composition is investigated by studying the reliability behavior of the resulting distributions. Two sets of real-world data are analyzed using the proposed generalized Weibull distributions.
Improving IBD Transition, Self-management, and Disease Outcomes With an In-clinic Transition Coordinator.

Objectives Deficits in the preparation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are transitioning to adult care are known yet studies presenting outcome data of transition interventions in IBD are lacking. We present data evaluating the impact of a transition coordinator on behavioral and clinical transition outcomes. Methods A retrospective chart review identified 135 patients who had met with our transition coordinator and completed the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire before, and 1 year after, the intervention. Changes in transition readiness, self-management skill acquisition, and clinical outcomes (eg, number of patients transferred vs "bounced back" to pediatrics, percentage of patients over age 21, changes in disease remission) were examined and compared with patients who received no intervention. Results Intervention participants demonstrated a significant increase in transition readiness, F(1, 134) = 24.34, P 0.05). Following implementation of our programming, the percentage of patients over age 21 decreased by 33.07%. Conclusions A 1-time transition coordinator-led intervention improved adolescent transition readiness and acquisition of self-management skills. The proportion of young adult patients retained in pediatric care was reduced. Benefits of hiring a transition coordinator are discussed.
A 387.6fs Integrated Jitter and -80dBc Reference Spurs Ring based PLL with Track- and-Hold Charge Pump and Automatic Loop Gain Control in 7nm FinFET CMOS

This paper presents a phase-locked loop that employs a track-and-hold charge pump and automatic loop gain control to enhance the jitter and spur performance against PVT variations. The chip is fabricated in 7nm FinFET technology. The proposed track-and-hold charge pump achieves $\lt -115$dBc/Hz in-band noise and consumes $53 \mu \mathrm{W}$ from a 0.9V supply. The ring-based phase-locked loop achieves 387.6fs rms integrated jitter and -80dBc reference spurs, and consumes 5.9mW from a 0.9V supply at 4GHz. This translates to a figure-of-merit (FOM) of -240.5dB.
Outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score ≥90%.

9111Background: In non-small cell lung cancers with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50%, first-line treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab improves sur...
Use of Burrows for Evaluating Rodenticide Efficacy in Urban Areas

Conditions in urban environments often preclude the use of traditional research methods for determining rodent numbers and thus impede the efficacy determinations on rodenticides in research or management programs. However, in these situations the numbers of active rat burrows before and after bait placement provide a relative population measure. This procedure, used in field trials with Vacor (DLP-787) acute rodenticide in selected blocks in Cleveland and Chicago, permitted an estimate to be made of a reduction of Norway rat activity in excess of 85 percent, following the treatment.
Trade Facilitation, Digital Transformation and the Emergence of Global Trade Platforms

The World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement that entered into force in 2017 encourages the migration of trade processes from paper to electronic form and the modernisation of trade management systems. The foundations for current progress in trade facilitation were laid during decades of work by the World Customs Organization and other standard setting bodies to promote the use of standards in trade processes. Trade facilitation efforts are taking place within a broader push toward the digital transformation of business generally, and the growing importance of platforms as a business model and network governance mechanism. There is a risk that collective action problems arising within domestic and global markets will fragment the emerging digital architecture of global markets into many separate “national single window” systems. Platforms succeed by discovering how to organize cross-subsidies among different groups of stakeholders. If a global trade platform operator were to emerge, that might mitigate the risk of fragmentation of the emerging global trade architecture but give rise to different risks.
Traumatic Neurovascular Injury

Neurovascular injury can occur following a traumatic event to the head and neck or occur spontaneously. Injury can lead to intimal dissection, intramural hematoma, luminal thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, or transection. CTA is the leading modality in BCVI screening, and the injury can be graded according to Biffl scale. It is important to distinguish BCVI from other entities such as vasospasm, atherosclerosis, or fibromuscular dysplasia as well as anatomic variants. Skull base fractures are associated with dural sinus injury.
Variations in objective knowledge among decision-support persons of patients with early stage breast cancer.

e19110Background: Patients with breast cancer face complex decisions regarding treatment options, and frequently involve family, friends, and other decision supporters in decision-making. A high-qu...