cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Legacy of Edward Hitchcock

(1985). The Legacy of Edward Hitchcock. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 56, Buyers' Guide Issue, pp. 24-29.
Target detection using dynamically reconfigurable sensor arrays

The paper addresses the problem of target detection with multiple dynamically reconfigurable sensor arrays (DRSAs). The limited spatial coherence of the signal wavefront and dynamic nature of the interference seriously limit target detection performance. Traditional approaches to improve target detection include the use of large arrays with adaptive beamforming (ABF) or matched field processing (MFP) with static configurations. However, both these approaches suffer performance degradation in uncertain multipath environments when the training data is limited. We propose to improve the target detection performance by dynamically choosing the optimal orientation designed to maximize the array gain over a prescribed sector of bearing space for a DRSA based on the noise field directionality. Simulation results demonstrate the performance improvement obtained using the reconfiguring system as compared to a fixed uniform linear array (ULA) configuration with conventional or adaptive beamforming.
A REVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

A review of the experimental tests of quantum mechanics is presented. Tests of the wave-particle duality of matter for atoms, electrons, and neutrons are discussed. Also covered are applications of neutron interferometry to a variety of quantum mechanics tests. Tests of the topological nature of quantum mechanics (Aharonov-Bohm effect, Aharonov-Casher effect, Berry’s phase, Aharonov-Anandan phase) are reviewed. Other topics reviewed include the experimental tests of the Bell inequality, nonlinear additions to the Schrodinger equation, the Pauli exclusion principle, the Zeno effect, and the uniqueness of ħ.
Improved survival for frail elderly inpatients on a geriatric evaluation unit (GEU): who benefits?

Previously reported data from a randomized controlled trial showed that admission to the geriatric evaluation unit (GEU) and follow-up clinic at the Sepulveda VA Medical Center leads to significantly improved outcomes for frail elderly hospital patients--including a 50% reduction of one-year mortality (p less than 0.005). In the present paper, two-year survival curves for GEU and control groups are reported. In addition, we subdivided the population by potential baseline risk factors (both patient- and treatment-related) and examined one-year survival using 12-month survival curves and odds ratios. There is evidence for GEU-related survival effects in specific subgroups of patients (e.g. patients with heart and pulmonary disease, patients with low baseline scores in functional status and mental status, and patients with high baseline morale scores). Finally, employing stepwise logistic regression, we determined the predictors of one-year survival in the pooled study population. These factors were: assignment to the GEU (adjusted odds ratio = 2.45; p less than 0.001); not having a heart diagnosis (2.24; p less than 0.001); and having primarily "geriatric/rehabilitation" problems (1.95; p less than 0.005). A predictive model derived from the regression defines patient subgroups likely to survive only when assigned to the GEU: cardiac patients with primarily "geriatric" or "rehabilitation" problems, and non-cardiac patients whose problems are primarily "medical". The dramatic effect of the GEU on survival appears to be concentrated on certain identifiable subgroups of patients who might be targeted to maximize program cost-effectiveness.
Learning image manifolds by semantic subspace projection

In many image retrieval applications, the mapping between high-level semantic concept and low-level features is obtained through a learning process. Traditional approaches often assume that images with same semantic label share strong visual similarities and should be clustered together to facilitate modeling and classification. Our research indicates this assumption is inappropriate in many cases. Instead we model the images as lying on non-linear image subspaces embedded in the high-dimensional space and find that multiple subspaces may correspond to one semantic concept.
Ultraviolet Radiation from Combustion of a Dense Magnesium Powder Flow in Air

Combustion of magnesium produces copious ultraviolet and visible light emissions. The ultraviolet emission can be employed potentially in an antibacterial capacity. Ultraviolet radiation from the combustion of a heavily laden flow of magnesium powder with air was measured in a linear test combustor fitted with optical access ports. Silicon photodiode detectors sensitive to ultraviolet emissions were used to determine this broadband flux. A calibration lamp with known values of spectral irradiance was used to validate the ultraviolet flux measurement method, and a mock-up of the optical access port assembly was used to ensure accounting for the proper view factor. The broadband ultraviolet flux measurements were compared for several different air/fuel ratios, ranging from 2 to 7, and different magnesium flow rates. Very fine magnesium oxide particle buildup on the quartz windows limited the length of time during the test runs when measurements could be made.
A Key Management Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Base Stations

Most of the proposed key management protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the literature assume that a single base station is used and that the base station is trustworthy. However, there are applications in which multiple base stations are used and the security of the base stations must be considered. This paper investigates a key management protocol in wireless sensor networks which include multiple base stations. We consider the situations in which both the base stations and the sensor nodes can be compromised. The proposed key management protocol, mKeying, includes two schemes, a key distribution scheme, mKeyDist, supporting multiple base stations in the network, and a key revocation scheme, mKeyRev, used to efficiently remove the compromised nodes from the network. Our analyses show that the proposed protocol is efficient and secure against the compromise of the base stations and the sensor nodes.
FindiLike: preference driven entity search

Traditional web search engines enable users to find documents based on topics. However, in finding entities such as restaurants, hotels and products, traditional search engines fail to suffice as users are often interested in finding entities based on structured attributes such as price and brand and unstructured information such as opinions of other web users. In this paper, we showcase a preference driven search system, that enables users to find entities of interest based on a set of structured preferences as well as unstructured opinion preferences. We demonstrate our system in the context of hotel search.
High-frequency chest-wall compression during the 48 hours following thoracic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pneumonia continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity after thoracic surgery. High-frequency chest-wall compression (HFCWC) is an established therapeutic adjunct for patients with chronic pulmonary disorders that impair bronchopulmonary secretion clearance. We studied the feasibility of applying HFCWC following thoracic surgery. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive adult patients who underwent a variety of thoracic operations received at least one HFCWC treatment in the first 2 postoperative days, along with routine postoperative care. HFCWC was applied at 12 Hz, for 10 min. Routine hemodynamic and pulse oximetry data were collected before, during, and after HFCWC. We also collected qualitative data on patient tolerance and preference for HFCWC versus percussive chest physiotherapy. RESULTS: No major adverse events were encountered. Hemodynamic and pulse oximetry values remained stable before, during, and after HFCWC. Eighty-four percent of the subjects reported little or no discomfort during therapy, and the subjects who expressed a preference preferred HFCWC to conventional chest physiotherapy by more than two to one. CONCLUSIONS: HFCWC is a safe, well-tolerated adjunct after thoracic surgery. The observation of hemodynamic stability is especially important, considering that the patients were studied in the early postoperative period, during epidural analgesia.
Particle flux and trace metal residence time in natural waters1,1

A simple inverse relationship between trace metal residence time and particle flux through the water column is tested on the trace metals Zn/sup 2 +/ in fresh water and Th(IV) in ocean water systems with available data on the vertical flux and concentration of particulate matter and Zn/sup 2 +/ in lakes or on the disequilibrium of U/Th nuclides in the ocean. Natural or model aquatic ecosystems with different chemical compositions and particle fluxes confirm the concept that the particle flux through the water column is the major factor regulating trace metal concentrations in natural waters.
Quadratic algebras with few relations

Throughout V will be a finite dimensional vector space over a field k and T(V) will denote the tensor algebra over V. For simplicity the symbol ⊗ will be omitted in the writing of the elements of T(V). Let be a basis of V ordered by Xi<Xi+1 for all i. Then we order the non-commutative monomials and 1 ≤ is ≤ n for s = 1,…, l} lexicographically from the left. D. Anick [1, p. 652] defines the high term of an element b in T(V) to be the highest monomial appearing in b. As a consequence of [1,3.2], if the set of the high terms of homogeneous relations is combinatorically free in the sense of no overlap ambiguities, then the connected algebra has global dimension 2. The purpose of this note is to prove this result and more for quadratic algebras under other hypotheses on the relations.
Standardization of Structural BIM

The BIM standard establishes standard definitions for building information exchanges to support critical business contexts using standard semantics and ontologies. This Standard forms the foundation for accurate and efficient communication and commerce that are needed by the construction industry. The Standard is still in its infancy and the evolution and maturity of BIM Standard will depend largely on the efforts and contribution of various disciplines involved in design, construction, and management of a facility. This paper focuses on advancing standardization of BIM model for structural analysis and design. Specifically speaking, the paper addresses The Information Delivery Manual (IDM) as it aims to provide the integrated reference for process and data required by BIM by identifying the discrete processes undertaken within structural design, the information required for their execution and the results of that activity. Furthermore, it will address Model View Definitions (MVDs) for structural design and analysis to create a robust process for seamless, efficient, reproducible exchange of accurate and reliable structural information that is widely and routinely acknowledged by the industry.
A pseudo-full mutation identified in fragile X assay reveals a novel base change abolishing an EcoRI restriction site.

Diagnostic testing for the fragile X syndrome is designed to detect the most common mutation, a CGG expansion in the 5′-untranslated region of the fragile X mental retardation (FMRI) gene. PCR can determine the number of CGG repeats less than 100, whereas Southern analysis can detect large premutations, full mutations, and their methylation status. Bands larger than 5.8 kb observed via Southern analysis are usually considered a methylated full mutation, causing fragile X syndrome in males and varied clinical presentations in females. We observed a 10.9-kb band on a Southern blot assay from an autistic girl with language delay. Further investigation identified a novel G-to-A transition at an EcoRI cleavage site, upstream of the CGG repeat region of the FMRI gene. This base change abolished the EcoRI restriction site, resulting in a 10.9-kb pseudo-full mutation. This G-to-A base change has not been previously reported and was not identified in a subsequent analysis of 105 male and 30 female patient samples. The clear 10.9-kb band detected on a Southern blot assay for fragile X syndrome mimics a large, methylated full mutation, which could result in a misdiagnosis without the benefit of family studies and further testing.
Capillary Blood Glucose Monitor Evaluation in a Newborn Nursery

The performance of a rapid capillary blood glucose monitor, the Glucoscan 2000, was evaluated in a neonatal patient population by comparison with a reference method on 283 paired patient samples. The median glucose was 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L). The slope of the regression line was .93 with a correlation coefficient r of .82. The average error in Glucoscan values at low, intermediate and high glucose ranges was 43%, 20% and 12% respectively. Precision analysis by replicate determinations also showed an increased coefficient of variation, 7.4%, at low glucose values.
Authentic Leadership: The Role of Self-Awareness in Promoting Coaching Effectiveness

Authentic leadership encompasses four dimensions crucial for the success of leadership: self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing and internalised moral perspective. In the context of Business Coaching, authentic leadership is a crucial factor in the coach-client relationship in which the leader demonstrates to others a genuine and honest desire to understand their leader- ship in order to serve others more effectively. The current study investigated the relationship between leadership style and coaching effectiveness among 96 business coaches from the Professional Business Coaches Alliance (PBCA). Study results indicate authentic leadership and its constitutive factor self-awareness were significantly related to coaching effectiveness. Coaching organisations, fran- chises and alliances, may benefit from this research if they wish to leverage higher levels of authentic leadership and self-awareness when developing selection, assessment, training and measurement systems.
Humanitarian Negotiation to Protect: John Rabe and the Nanking International Safety Zone (1937–1938)

In the late months of 1937 and in the beginning of 1938, John Rabe, German CEO of Siemens China, engages in humanitarian negotiation with many actors, as the Japanese troops approach and then occupy Nanking, the capital city of Nationalist China. His responsibility as a leader and negotiator is guided by one purpose—the protection of the Chinese poorest of the poor. It motivates him in all his negotiation moves, whether he leverages principles, values, needs, interests, relationship and culture to persuade his interlocutors. The ten humanitarian negotiation situations that he faces suggest a three-step process: a planning stage to create a safety zone, an implementation stage to operationalize it and, finally, an exit stage to properly end the mission. Rabe’s ongoing questioning and doggedness, as well as that of the other twenty-one members of the International Safety Zone Committee, made a difference to protect 250,000 Chinese men, women and children. At the time, his heroism owed him the honored name of a living Buddha, and, sixty years later, of “The Schindler of China.” He was a pioneer of the responsibility to protect, and of corporate social responsibility.
Adaptive multi-element polynomial chaos with discrete measure

We develop a multi-element probabilistic collocation method (ME-PCM) for arbitrary discrete probability measures with finite moments and apply it to solve partial differential equations with random parameters. The method is based on numerical construction of orthogonal polynomial bases in terms of a discrete probability measure. To this end, we compare the accuracy and efficiency of five different constructions. We develop an adaptive procedure for decomposition of the parametric space using the local variance criterion. We then couple the ME-PCM with sparse grids to study the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation subject to random excitation, where the random parameters are associated with either a discrete or a continuous probability measure. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithms lead to high accuracy and efficiency for hybrid (discrete-continuous) random inputs.
Long-Term Private Sector External Debt and Equity Returns: Cross-Sectional Evidence from 26 Emerging and Frontier Markets

This study examines the extent to which long-term private sector external debt impacts stock market return across 26 emerging and frontier markets. The results indicate a statistically significant, positive relationship (r = 0.527, p
FireSat Revisted: Investigations in Tradespace Exploration

Initial results of an Independent Research and Development effort examined space vehicle technology-mass-cost interdependencies at the zeroth level by introducing a method for capturing technology-based design relationships to mass and power along with development costs. Launch mass and cost trends across a large tradespace can now be established in a matter of hours, greatly reducing the time needed to identify candidate solutions for further exploration in subsequent concurrent engineering studies.
June 19 2015 Rainfall Event Over Mumbai: Some Observational Analysis

Some of the major metropolitan centers in the world are highly susceptible to flash floods and major disruptions, owing to sudden and excessive rainfall events. The city of Mumbai, India’s financial capital, suffered one such event on 19 June, 2015. This was a second event of such nature, following the landmark event of 26 July, 2005. Such extreme rainfall events are often brought about by certain rapidly developing, local disturbances, which if actively monitored, may be provide important information that can be of great use for early warning to civic authorities and emergency planners. In this paper, we have analyzed a number of different meteorological and remotely sensed parameters, a few days before the actual event, to track the development and eventual culmination of a “perfect storm” that affected Mumbai and left the city tattered. We show how regional upper layer disturbance patterns are developed, induced by warming of sea-surface temperature (SST) and sustained by instability in the atmospheric boundary layers to quickly develop into massive cyclonic storms.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities: Best Practice from a Scientist–Practitioner Perspective

Abstract To use a sophisticated instrument like the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities, one’s understanding of assessment principles must be equally sophisticated. To make full use of the WJ-IV’s impressive features, examiners must have a well-articulated understanding of the theory that underlies the WJ IV and also of the limitations inherent in the instrument. The practical features of each test in the WJ IV are reviewed, considering each test’s strengths and weaknesses.
The study of bosentan on prevention of pulmonary hemorrhage in newborn rats

Objective To explore if bosentan,an endothelin-1(ET-1) receptor antagonist,can block pulmonary hemorrhage in newborn rats.Methods A total of 106 Wistar newborn rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group(group C,n = 10),experimental group(n = 48) and bosentan group(n = 48).The rats in experimental and bosentan groups were randomly divided into four subgroups respectively: subgroup H(n = 12),subgroup HH(n = 12),subgroup HHR(n = 12),subgroup HHRO2(n = 12).Rats in bosentan group were administered intragastrically with bosentan.Group C were exposed to normothermia and normoxia,group H to hypoxia(5%-6 % O2) for 6 hours,group HH to hypothermia(10℃ ± 1℃) and hypoxia for 6 hours,group HHR to hypothermia and hypoxia for 6 hours followed by hyperthermia(37℃) and normoxia for 2 hours,group HHRO2 to hypothermia and hypoxia for 6 hours followed by hyperthermia and hyperoxia( 95% O2) for 2 hours.The gross anatomic changes of rat lungs were observed.ET-1 in pulmonary tissues of the experimental group was measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Five rats and 13 rats died in bosentan group and experimental group,respectively,which had a significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups(χ2 = 4.376,P 0.05).ET-1 elevated significantly in all experimental groups(P 0.01).Pulmonary edema and hemorrhage were the major gross anatomic findings in experimental groups.Attenuated changes including less pulmonary hemorrhage could be observed in bosentan group.There were significant differences in gross anatomical changes between subgroups HHR,HHRO2 of experimental group and their matched subgroups in bosentan group(Z = 2.614 and 2.940,respectively,all P 0.05).Conclusions Bosentan,an ET-1 receptor antagonist,can attenuate the pulmonary hemorrhage in newborn rats.
The Proportionality Principle in War

This essay explains the meaning and application of the principle of proportionality in the law of armed conflict and contrasts it with the principle of proportionality in the jus ad bellum.
The roles of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy in the management of pyelocaliceal diverticula.

AbstractVarious combinations of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy were used in the treatment of 40 stone-containing caliceal diverticula in 39 patients (16 men and 23 women). Only 1 of 26 patients (4%) treated with ESWL as a single modality became stone-free, although 9 (36%) became asymptomatic. Ten patients undergoing ESWL primarily eventually required percutaneous nephrostolithotomy due to persistence of symptoms and all became stone-free. A total of 14 patients underwent a percutaneous approach as a single modality, and the diverticula in 13 of these patients became stone-free, although 2 patients did have residual parenchymal fragments. Therefore, 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) became completely free of stones using the percutaneous approach. All patients managed with percutaneous nephrostolithotomy became free of symptoms.The complex nature of access during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy favors a 1-stage approach with direct puncture into the stone-contain...
Design of reciprocal recommendation systems for online dating

Online dating sites have become popular platforms for people to look for potential romantic partners. Different from traditional user-item recommendations where the goal is to match items (e.g., books, videos) with a user’s interests, a recommendation system for online dating aims to match people who are mutually interested in and likely to communicate with each other. We introduce similarity measures that capture the unique features and characteristics of the online dating network, for example, the interest similarity between two users if they send messages to same users, and attractiveness similarity if they receive messages from same users. A reciprocal score that measures the compatibility between a user and each potential dating candidate is computed, and the recommendation list is generated to include users with top scores. The performance of our proposed recommendation system is evaluated on a real-world dataset from a major online dating site in China. The results show that our recommendation algorithms significantly outperform previously proposed approaches, and the collaborative filtering-based algorithms achieve much better performance than content-based algorithms in both precision and recall. Our results also reveal interesting behavioral difference between male and female users when it comes to looking for potential dates. In particular, males tend to be focused on their own interest and oblivious toward their attractiveness to potential dates, while females are more conscientious to their own attractiveness to the other side of the line.
Looking with “soft eyes” at Hex

Hex, by Gibney Dance at Agnes Varis Performing Arts Center, New York, N.Y., 3 Feb. – 6 Feb. 2016.Conceived and directed by robbinschilds. Choreography by Vanessa Anspaugh, Aretha Aoki, Anna Azrieli...
Health research participants’ preferences for receiving research results

Background:Participants in health research studies typically express interest in receiving the results from the studies in which they participate. However, participants’ preferences and experiences related to receiving the results are not well understood. In general, the existing studies have had relatively small sample sizes and typically address specific and often sensitive issues within targeted populations.Methods:This study used an online survey to explore attitudes and experiences of registrants in ResearchMatch, a large database of past, present, and potential health research participants. Survey respondents provided information related to whether or not they received research results from studies in which they participated, the methods used to communicate the results, their satisfaction with the results, and when and how they would like to receive research results from future studies. In all, 70,699 ResearchMatch registrants were notified of the study’s topic. Of the 5207 registrants who requested...
Decreased Levels of Total or HDL Cholesterol in Primary Myelofibrosis Are Associated with Shortened Survival: DIPSS-Plus Independent Prognostic Value.

Abstract 2851 Background: It is widely appreciated that total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels are decreased in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). However, a systematic study looking into the serum lipid profile in PMF and its phenotypic and prognostic relevance is lacking. Methods: An updated Mayo Clinic database of 1008 karyotypically- and DIPSS-plus-annotated patients with PMF was used to identify study patients in whom serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were available at time of referral. Overall (OS) and leukemia-free (LFS) survivals were calculated from the time of referral, which was also the time of serum lipid analysis. Results: A total of 207 patients met the above stipulated criteria and had measurement of TC (n=207), TG (n=204), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (n=187), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (n=176) and non-HDL cholesterol (N-HDL-C) (n=184). The corresponding median (range) values (mg/dL) were 132 (57–296), 147 (42–742), 31 (8–96), 67 (11–186) and 104 (7–249). TC was significantly (P In univariate analysis, lower levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and N-HDL-C were all associated with shortened survival (P Conclusions: Decreased levels of total or HDL cholesterol in PMF cluster with adverse disease features and carry a DIPSS-plus independent adverse prognostic value. Measurement of TC and HDL-C in PMF might be useful in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Human Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Differential Expression of Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue Deleted On Chromosome Ten (PTEN) During NK Cell Development Regulates Its Cytolytic Activity Against Leukemic Target Cells

Abstract Abstract 254 Human NK cells are CD56(+)CD3(-) large granular lymphocytes characterized by the ability to directly kill virally infected or malignantly transformed cells. Five stages of human NK cell development can be identified in secondary lymphoid tissue. Stage 4 NK cells are immature CD56bright and have poor cytolytic activity against sensitive leukemic target cells at rest while stage 5 NK cells are mature CD56dim and have potent cytolytic activity against the same leukemic cells at rest. Both stage 4 CD56bright and stage 5 CD56dim NK cells can be found circulating in blood. We sought to determine the mechanism responsible for this different cytolytic activity by exploring changes in gene expression between CD56bright NK cells and CD56dim NK cells. We first observed that CD56bright NK cells expressed ∼5 fold greater amounts of PTEN protein over CD56dim NK cells by western blot (n=5, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Foundations of Nuclear and Particle Physics

This textbook brings together nuclear and particle physics, presenting a balanced overview of both fields as well as the interplay between the two. The theoretical as well as the experimental foundations are covered, providing students with a deep understanding of the subject. In-chapter exercises ranging from basic experimental to sophisticated theoretical questions provide an important tool for students to solidify their knowledge. Suitable for upper undergraduate courses in nuclear and particle physics as well as more advanced courses, the book includes road maps guiding instructors on tailoring the content to their course. Online resources including color figures, tables, and a solutions manual complete the teaching package. This textbook will be essential for students preparing for further study or a career in the field who require a solid grasp of both nuclear and particle physics.
A new test method for the characterization of the bending behavior of textile prepregs

Abstract To improve forming simulation outcomes for composite prepregs and predict wrinkle formation, the bending behavior of prepreg materials must be correctly characterized. This paper proposes a new loading-rate control bending test in which the sample deflection and applied rate are controlled by a linear actuator while the load required to achieve this deflection is recorded by a miniature-load cell. An investigation of out-of-plane bending behavior as well as viscoelastic behavior at the forming process conditions of woven fabric out-of-autoclave prepregs was undertaken using this method. The experimental results show that the proposed bending test provides sufficient control of the deflection shape, testing rates, and processing temperatures within the range of thermosetting resin. Furthermore, the bending results reveal the rate dependency and viscoelastic nature of the materials. A method is developed to derive the bending stiffness from the nonlinear relationship between bending moment and curvature.
[262-POS]: Alterations in placental eicosanoid production contribute to impaired vascular remodeling in preeclampsia

Objectives Preeclampsia (PreE) is thought to originate from an impaired vascular remodeling of the placental spiral arteries. Recent data suggests a possible role of cytochromeP450 (CYP450) vasoactive eicosanoids in the etiology of the disease. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in the profile of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites of the CYP450 pathway may contribute to the impaired vascular remodeling in preeclampsia. Methods Proliferation of BeWo cells, an in vivo model of trophoblast syncytialisation, was measured in the presence of 20-HETE, the major CYP450 metabolite, and 17-ODYA, a mechanism-based suicide substrate CYP450 inhibitor, in order to determine the proliferative actions of 20-HETE. In addition, microsomes were isolated from placental vessels of normal pregnant (NP) and PreE women and CYP450 enzyme activity was determined by HPLC/mass spectrometry. Results Incubation of BeWo cells with 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1 μ M of 20-HETE displayed a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation with an approximate 40% increase at 1 μ M, while inhibition of 20-HETE with 17-ODYA (10 μ M) displayed a 40% decrease in BeWo cell proliferation. Placental vascular microsomes isolated from PreE women displayed a significant increase in 20-HETE production relative to NP women. 15-HETE, 12-HETE, and total HETE production were also increased in PreE compared to NP. Conclusions Increases in 20-HETE production promote, while inhibition of 20-HETE reduces proliferation of trophoblasts in vitro. Increases in the production of an endogenous inhibitor of 20-HETE, such as15-HETE, may contribute to the reduced trophoblast invasion and impaired vascular remodeling seen in PreE. Disclosures N. Lee: None. S. Spencer: None. B.B. LaMarca: None. S. Murphy: None.
Compact Composition Operators and Deddens Algebras

We consider the Deddens algebras associated to compact composition operators on the Hardy space \(H^2\) on the unit disk. When the compact composition operator corresponds to a function \(\varphi \) that satisfies \(\varphi (0)=0\) and \(\varphi '(0)\ne 0\), we show that the lattice of invariant subspaces of this algebra is \(\{0\}\cup \{z^n H^2: n=0,1,2,\ldots \}\). As a consequence, for this class of operators the associated Deddens algebra is weakly dense in the algebra of lower triangular matrices.
Replication-specific conversion of the Staphylococcus aureus pT181 initiator protein from an active homodimer to an inactive heterodimer.

Abstract The Staphylococcus aureus rolling circle plasmid pT181 regulates its replication by controlling the synthesis of its initiator protein RepC. RepC is inactivated during pT181 replication by the addition of an oligodeoxynucleotide, giving rise to a new form, RepC*. We analyzed RepC and RepC* in four classes of mutants: plasmid copy number mutants, two classes of RepC mutants affecting different portions of the protein and oriC (origin) mutants. We have found that in the cell with wild-type RepC there are similar relative amounts of RepC and RepC*, regardless of copy number, and that the conversion of RepC to RepC* is replication dependent. Genetic and biochemical evidence is presented that RepC functions as a dimer and that during replication the RepC homodimer is converted to the RepC/RepC* heterodimer.
Choice of resuscitative fluids and mortality in emergency department patients with sepsis.

Abstract Objective Balanced resuscitative fluids (BF) have been associated with decreased incidence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in sepsis. We hypothesized that higher proportions of BF during resuscitation would thus be associated with improved mortality in Emergency Department (ED) patients with sepsis. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of adult ED patients who presented with sepsis to a large, urban teaching hospital over one year. The choice of resuscitation fluid in the first 2 days of hospitalization was defined as either normal saline (NS) or balanced fluids (BF; Lactated Ringer's or Isolyte). The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality, which was analyzed with multivariable logistic regression based on the proportion of BF received during the initial ED resuscitation. Results Of 149 patients screened, 33 were excluded, leaving 115 for analysis, of whom 18 died (16% overall mortality). Sixty-one (53%) patients received BF and NS, 6 (5%) patients received BF exclusively, while 48 (42%) patients received NS only. The mean number of liters administered was 5.4, and the mean percentage of BF administered was 29%. In univariate analysis, a higher proportion of BF was associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.973 [95% CI 0.961–0.986], p = 0.00003). This association held true in multivariable models controlling for comorbidities and admission lactate level. Conclusions We found that the proportion of BF during the initial ED resuscitation in septic patients was associated with a significant reduction in mortality. This association provides the necessary rationale for future randomized clinical trials of BF resuscitation in sepsis.
Transcriptomic changes following valproic acid treatment promote neurogenesis and minimize secondary brain injury.

Background Early treatment with valproic acid (VPA) has demonstrated benefit in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury, including smaller brain lesion size, decreased edema, reduced neurologic disability, and faster recovery. Mechanisms underlying these favorable outcomes are not fully understood. We hypothesized that VPA treatment would upregulate genes involved in cell survival and proliferation and downregulate those associated with cell death and the inflammatory response. Methods Ten female swine were subjected to a protocol of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. They were assigned to two groups (n = 5): normal saline (NS; 3× volume of shed blood), or NS + VPA (150 mg/kg). Following 6 hours of observation, brain tissue was harvested to evaluate lesion size and edema. Brain tissue was processed for RNA sequencing. Gene set enrichment and pathway analysis was performed to determine the differential gene expression patterns following injury. Results Animals treated with VPA were noted to have a 46% reduction in brain lesion size and a 57% reduction in ipsilateral brain edema. Valproic acid significantly upregulated genes involved in morphology of the nervous system, neuronal development and neuron quantity. The VPA treatment downregulated pathways related to apoptosis, glial cell proliferation, and neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified VPA as the top upstream regulator of activated transcription, supporting it as a direct cause of these transcriptional changes. Master transcriptional regulator NEUROD1 was also significantly upregulated, suggesting that VPA may induce additional transcription factors. Conclusion Administration of VPA attenuated brain lesion size, reduced brain edema, and induced significant changes in the transcriptome of injured brain within 6 hours. Patterns of differential expression were consistent with the proposed neurogenic and prosurvival effects of VPA treatment.
Technological learning and the future of solar H2: A component learning comparison of solar thermochemical cycles and electrolysis with solar PV

Abstract This analysis uses component learning curves to investigate the effect of policy support on the future potential of two methods of producing hydrogen using solar energy: solar thermochemical cycles and electrolysis with solar photovoltaics. The impact of policy support for photovoltaics, electrolysis, concentrated solar power, and thermochemical reactors is assessed. The rates of growth of the four technologies are taken as proxies for the degree of policy support. Key assumptions are identified and results are considered over the range of reasonable assumptions. Initially, electrolysis with PV will be the less expensive way to produce solar hydrogen. However, though it is initially more expensive, the thermochemical cycle has greater long-term potential for cost reductions from learning, and it is the faster route to $2/kg hydrogen. Cost reductions in hydrogen from the thermochemical cycles are primarily driven by improvements in the thermochemical reactors, which, due to initially high costs, will only see growth through government support. Thus, policymakers must support the thermochemical cycles through their research, development, and early implementation stages in order to achieve these cost reductions. Though the details change when key parameters are varied over their range of reasonable values, the broad conclusions are unaffected.
Surf-zone hydrodynamics alter phytoplankton subsidies affecting reproductive output and growth of tidal filter feeders.

Surf zones, classified from reflective to dissipative, separate the ocean from shore and subsidies from the coastal ocean must pass through surf zones to reach the shore. We have observed that variations in phytoplankton concentrations in the water over the intertidal zone varied with surf-zone hydrodynamics and we hypothesized that this variation would alter growth rates, population structure, and reproductive output of Mytilus californianus and Balanus glandula. From May 2016 to April 2017, along 7 km of Cape Arago, Oregon, USA surf-zone phytoplankton concentrations were determined weekly at nine sites with varying surf-zone hydrodynamics as indicated by surf-zone widths. Throughout the year, concentrations of phytoplankton in wider, more dissipative surf zones were, on average, 16× higher than in narrow, more reflective surf zones. Similar to previous observations, surf-zone width explained >90% of the variability in phytoplankton concentrations in the surf-zone. On average, ~83% of B. glandula had egg lamellae at more dissipative shores compared to only 8% at more reflective. An index of potential reproductive output by barnacle populations as measured by ash free dry mass (AFDM) of egg lamellae was ~243× larger at more dissipative than at reflective shores and surf-zone phytoplankton concentrations and surf-zone width explained ~96 and 92% of the variability in this index. On average, density of M. californianus was ~2× higher at more reflective shores, but 60% of these individuals were smaller and non-reproductive compared to only 24% at the more dissipative sites. The gonad tissue mass/m2 of medium sized mussels was ~5× greater at more dissipative than reflective shores. Surf-zone phytoplankton concentrations and surf-zone width explained ~80% and 65% of the variability in individual mussel gonad mass and ~69% and 56% of the variability in mussel population gonad mass, respectively. M. californianus were out-planted to assess growth rates and, after 5 months, average body mass was ~3× greater at more dissipative than reflective shores. Surf-zone phytoplankton concentrations and width explained ~85% and 92% of the mass increase, respectively. Phytoplankton subsidies varied with surf-zone hydrodynamics altering the growth and reproductive output of two ecologically important intertidal filter feeders.
PolyBrick 3.0: live signatures through DNA hydrogels and digital ceramics

This paper reflects upon new questions of material compatibility through integrating advanced processes of additive manufacturing in ceramics with cutting-edge research in DNA hydrogel development. The work engages advances in material science, three-dimensional (3D) printing, micro-scale mould making, DNA hydrogels, and material practices derived from crafts, and computational design disciplines. The paper outlines innovative use of micro scale 3D printing technologies for the digital fabrication and production of nonstandard and inscribed ceramic block components. 3D printed ceramic blocks are differentiated via the first architectural component glazed with DNA hydrogel and impregnated with a living signature. Readily available 3D Printing technology is used to produce recognisable signatures containing decodable intelligence prescribed through DNA coding. We have designed a system that allows for 3D printed parts to exist at a microscale in the form of an architectural component and glaze mould, allowing for the opportunistic deposition of DNA intelligence.
Workplace Violence in the U.S. Post Office

Homicide was the third leading cause of occupational injury death in the United States between 1980 and 1985 (NIOSH, 1992). One-third of these workplace homicides occurred in retail trade establishments, and most involved patrons who killed employees during robbery attempts. Post offices have too often been the setting for another type of homicide, at least since 1983 when James Brooks, a postal custodian in Anniston, Alabama, was charged with the murder of his supervisor and the local postmaster. The most celebrated incident occurred in 1986 when a part-time letter carrier named Patrick Sherrill shot and killed 14 postal employees and wounded 6 others at the Edmond, Oklahoma post office (Applebome, 1986a). In five separate incidents in 1989, five postal employees committed suicide and two others were murdered in post offices around San Diego (Welkos, 1989). In 1991, two recently fired postal workers went back to their respective post offices and exacted revenge—four people died in each incident (Associated Press, 1991a; Hanley 1991). Twenty-seven people have lost their lives in postal shootings since 1986 (Zender, Harrington, & Wittrup, 1992).
Chain Composition And Uniformity

The standard analysis holds that parasitic gaps must be licensed at S-structure (overt syntax), not at LF (covert syntax), on the grounds that in situ wh-phrases or quantifiers that do not undergo overt movement may not license them. In this article, however, I present evidence against the standard analysis and argue that parasitic gaps are incompatible with multiple quantifications that undergo absorption at LF. This evidence is important because it shows that the set of operators that enter into chain composition must all be homogeneous in terms of operator structures and operator types, andthat, crucially, this homogeneity condition on compound chains must hold at LF.I then discuss certain predictions of this LF account of parasitic gaps as well as issues and questions pertaining to the licensing of parasitic gaps in a broader cross-linguistic context.
Data Mining Via Entropy and Graph Clustering

Data analysis often requires the unsupervised partitioning of the data set into clusters. Clustering data is an important but a difficult problem. In the absence of prior knowledge about the shape of the clusters, similarity measures for a clustering technique are hard to specify. In this work, we propose a framework that learns from the structure of the data. Learning is accomplished by applying the K-means algorithm multiple times with varying initial centers on the data via entropy minimization. The result is an expected number of clusters and a new similarity measure matrix that gives the proportion of occurrence between each pair of patterns. Using the expected number of clusters, final clustering of data is obtained by clustering a sparse graph of this matrix.
Solving the Socratic Problem—A Contribution from Medicine

This essay provides a medical theory that could clarify enigmas surrounding the historical Socrates. It offers textual evidence that Socrates had temporal lobe epilepsy and that its two types of se...
Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Neurogenesis

New neurons are generated in the hippocampal dentate gyrus from early development through adulthood. Progenitor cells and immature granule cells in the subgranular zone are responsive to changes in their environment; and indeed, a large body of research indicates that neuronal interactions and the dentate gyrus milieu regulates granule cell proliferation, maturation, and integration. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), these interactions are dramatically altered. In addition to cell losses from injury and neurotransmitter dysfunction, patients often show electroencephalographic evidence of cortical spreading depolarizations and seizure activity after TBI. Furthermore, treatment for TBI often involves interventions that alter hippocampal function such as sedative medications, neuromodulating agents, and anti-epileptic drugs. Here, we review hippocampal changes after TBI and how they impact the coordinated process of granule cell adult neurogenesis. We also discuss clinical TBI treatments that have the potential to alter neurogenesis. A thorough understanding of the impact that TBI has on neurogenesis will ultimately be needed to begin to design novel therapeutics to promote recovery.
Descemet's membrane detachment following an intracameral injection of viscoelastic.

Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) is a well-described complication of intraocular surgery. Most commonly reported following cataract surgery, DMD has also been observed after such ophthalmic procedures as cyclodialysis cleft creation, holmium laser sclerostomy, iridectomy, pars plana vitrectomy, penetrating keratoplasty, trabeculectomy, and viscocanalostomy.1 Descemet's membrane detachment has also been reported as a complication of intracameral viscoelastic injection for hypotony following trabeculectomy.2 A single case of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to pupillary block associated with spontaneous, hemorrhagic DMD has been reported in the setting of suspected interstitial keratitis.3 Herein, we report a case of a DMD created during an intracameral injection of sodium hyaluronate (23mg/ml) (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA) to reform a shallow anterior chamber. We further describe how anterior segment optical coherence tomography may be useful to confirm this finding when it is not clearly apparent on clinical examination.