cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
7Be and 210Pb Indicate an upper troposphere source for elevated ozone in the summertime subtropical free troposphere of the eastern North Atlantic

The relative abundance of 7Be and 210Pb in aerosols, represented as the “normalized fraction”, 7Be/(7Be + n210Pb), is unaffected by aerosol scavenging. This normalized fraction is an index of the relative influence on an air parcel of stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes versus those in the continental boundary layer (CBL). The high correlation of ozone concentration with the normalized fraction observed during the summer at Izana, Canary Islands, indicates that 1) low altitude transport of air from the CBL is associated with low ozone concentrations; 2) high altitude transport through the troposphere from the CBL is associated with net ozone production; and 3) the stratosphere is not a direct source of a significant fraction of the ozone observed at Izana during the summer.
Use of an Androgen‐Depleting Hormone in the treatment of male sex offenders∗

In the early 1960s, Neumann and his colleagues in West Berlin, working experimentally with rats, discovered the antiandrogenic properties of cyproterone and cyproterone acetate (Neumann, Elger, Steinbeck and von Berswordt-Wallrabe, 1968). Shortly thereafter, clinical application of the new drug to human beings was begun investigatively on a small scale in selected clinics in West Germany and Switzerland (Laschet et al., 1967; Koffet, 1968; Seebandt, 1968). Among the patients chosen for treatment were sex offenders, that is men whose self-regulation of publicly and legally unacceptable sexual behavior was so severely impaired that their only alternative was long-term incarceration. In a parallel investigation with another drug, methyloestrenolone (19-nor- 17a-methyltestosterone), Servais (1968) in Belgium also obtained therapeutic results. See also Hubin and Servais (1968). In women the drug has an antiovulatory effect. In the United States at that time, as now, cyproterone was not released by the Federal bureaucracy of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for behavioral research. It has been possible, however, to substitute medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera?, Upjohn), a synthetic steroid most widely known for its progestinic effect, but known also to have a counteractive effect on the sex hormones in cases of idiopathic sexual precocity. Claude Migeon, M.D. and his assistant Marco Rivrola, M.D., and I made a decision to try therapy with Depo-Provera? when a bisexual transvestite patient under long-term followup study underwent a crisis of pedophilia, fellatio and incest with his six year old son (Money, 1969; and Case Illustration, below). * Supported in Research by Grant ?HD-00325 and Research Career Development Award #HD-K3-18,635, United States Public Health Service. I also wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Ronald J. Gaskin in the abstracting of case histories and the preparation Table 1. The material of this paper will appear in The Treatment of the Sexual Offender (H. L. P. Resnick and M. Wolfgang, eds.), Boston, Little Brown. In press.
Biologic activity of 8,18-norleucine 34-tyrosine parathyroid hormone (1-34) amide in chicken kidney and bone.

Abstract 1. 1. The biologic activity of bovine 8,18-norleucine 34-tyrosine parathyroid hormone (1–34) amide [norleu PTH (1–34)] was compared to the native sequence of bovine parathyroid hormone [PTH (1–34)] in chicken kidney and bone in in vitro assay systems. 2. 2. The analogue was a full agonist, but was less potent than the native sequence in stimulating cyclic AMP formation by renal slices or embryonic tibiae. 3. 3. Norleu PTH was less potent and did not achieve the maximal velocity produced by PTH (1–34) in renal membrane adenylate cyclase activity. 4. 4. When guanylimidodiphosphate was added to the adenylate cyclase assays, the same maximal activation was achieved by both peptides, but the difference in potency was not altered. 5. 5. Renal membrane receptor binding assays indicated that the norleucine analogue did not compete as well as native bovine PTH for specific membrane receptor sites. 6. 6. The results of these comparisons indicate that the differences in efficacy found in the adenylate cyclase assay reflect coupling of the hormone-receptor complex to the catalytic subunit of the enzyme while the differences in potency reflect hormone-receptor interactions.
Binary Glass-Forming Materials: Mixtures of Sorbitol and Glycerol†

The dynamics of sorbitol/glycerol mixtures across the entire composition range has been characterized by dielectric relaxation measurements for frequencies between 10 mHz and 10 MHz. We explore the gradual change in the glass transition temperature (Tg), fragility (m), nonexponentiality (βKWW), and occurrence of a secondary Johari−Goldstein type relaxation as a function of the mole fraction. Regarding the crystallization tendency at room temperature and the freezing of molecular motion below Tg, these mixtures differ qualitatively from aqueous solutions of sugars or other polyols.
Analysis of survival and recurrence vs. patient and doctor delay in treatment of breast cancer

Two hundred thirty-seven patients with cancer of the breast treated with radical mastectomy were reviewed. Coefficients of correlation between patient's and doctor's delay vs. survival were not significant at p smaller than 0.05. No significant relationship between delay and time of recurrence was found.
Particle-wave duality and coherent instability control in dense gas–solid flows

Abstract The collective effect of transport behaviors in a multibody system can either drastically enhance or deteriorate system performance depending on the nature of the internal interactions (i.e., constructive or deconstructive) and the structure established. For most powder processes, flow instability leads to poor performance. Control strategies have been attempted previously, but with limited success. The ability to drive such a system that is far from equilibrium into its “ordered” state by tuning the interactions can effectively reduce internal energy dissipation, which may lead to a technological breakthrough. By using a hybrid dynamics simulation and multiphase flow experiments, we will first elucidate two fundamental mechanisms underlying flow instabilities in a dense gas–solid flow: nonlinear drag and collisional dissipation. Then we clarify how gas-fluidized particles exhibit “particle-wave” duality (e.g., exhibit standing waves in a thin layer of granular bed that are driven by superimposed oscillating air, when the exciting frequencies of the oscillating air match the system's natural frequency). On this basis, we show experimentally that dense gas-fluidized granules can be synchronized into “ordered” structures by developing an adaptively exciting fluid wave. The introduction of an additional fluid wave enables the flow structures to be fine-tuned. Our method results in remarkably improved fluidization: highly expanded particulate beds with significantly suppressed gas bubble formation (for coarse particles) and channel formation (for ultra-fine powders), as has always prevailed in conventional dense gas–particle systems. By applying our methodology to several systems that are normally difficult to fluidize, we achieve unprecedented, well-controlled suspension of solids in gas flow. A scientific understanding of complex, dense gas–solid flows should enable the dispersion of solids in the gas flow to be controlled effectively. This work contributes to the basic science of dense gas–solid flows and would have impacts on powder technology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the optimum design of the third generation of fluidized bed reactors, such as the use of fast pyrolysis, to produce fuels from biomass and coal feedstock.
The hormonal coordination of cuticulin deposition and morphogenesis in Drosophila imaginal discs in vivo and in vitro

Cuticulin is the first layer of the insect cuticle to be deposited and is laid down as a continuous inelastic sheet over the apical surface of cuticle-secreting cells. During metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster, imaginal discs deposit the cuticulin layer of the pupal cuticle between 3 and 7 hr after puparium formation. This is a period of rapid morphogenesis involving cell shape changes and cell rearrangements. We have examined cuticulin deposition in vivo and in vitro with a view to understanding the coordination of cuticulin deposition with morphogenesis. We find that the optimum hormonal regimen (of the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone) for the completion of both morphogenesis and cuticulin deposition in vitro parallels the changes in hormone titer observed in vivo. We also find that cuticulin is deposited last over cell boundaries, thereby allowing cell rearrangements to occur as cuticulin is laid down. We have identified in vitro conditions under which cuticulin deposition is completed precociously, inhibiting further morphogenesis. Cytochalasin B and colchicine do not inhibit cuticulin deposition and we therefore conclude that an intact cytoskeleton is not necessary for secretion of this extracellular structure. Finally, we present a preliminary protocol for the partial purification of cuticulin synthesized in vitro by mass isolated discs.
Recording and transition noise simulations in thin film media

Micromagnetic simulations of the recording of a single transition in thin-film metallic media are presented. The film is modeled as a planar array of hexagonal single-domain particles with long-range magnetostatic as well as possible nearest-neighbor exchange interactions. Magnetization configurations are determined by following the Landau-Lifshitz equations of motion with finite damping. The media parameters used here approximate Co films. The recording geometry resembles a close flying head with a small gap. Transition fluctuations, a source of transition noise, are also suited for both non-exchange-coupled and exchange-coupled media. It is shown that intergranular exchange coupling can significantly enhance transition noise and that films with well defined nonmagnetic grain boundaries exhibit better signal-to-noise ratios. >
Increasing Diagnosis and Treatment of Overweight and Obese Pediatric Patients

Purpose. To determine if a guideline-based electronic health record (EHR) template and staff education would increase diagnosis and treatment of overweight and obese children. Method. At a large pediatric office, a minitemplate was customized to pediatric obesity evidence-based practice guidelines. Staff were educated regarding current guidelines and instructed to merge minitemplate to EHR encounters in which body mass indexes (BMIs) were greater than the 85th percentile, thus integrating assessment questions, overweight or obese diagnoses, and triggered treatment order sets. Results. A total of 9701 charts of 2- to 18-year-old patients presenting over 6 months were reviewed. Preintervention, 52% with BMIs greater than the 85th percentile had diagnoses of overweight or obese in problem lists; 86% received treatment when diagnosed. Postintervention, 75% had diagnoses in problem lists, and 96% received treatment. Conclusion. This initiative illustrated how EHR customization and staff education improved the ...
Teachers’ reflections of professional change during a literacy-reform initiative

Abstract Policymakers recently have targeted teacher quality, and school systems have increased their attention to instructional reform through professional development. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ views about the change process and professional development that supports change. Semi-structured focus-group data were gathered from 41 primary-grades teachers (students ages 5–9) across five schools in a high-poverty urban district that participated in a 2-year literacy-reform initiative. Results indicated that teachers viewed the change process from two stances: as learners and as change agents. Three conditions supported their professional growth: professional development embedded in school and classroom contexts, professional development focused on limited and clearly defined learning goals, and on-demand access to time and resources. Changes that occurred did so in three phases: movement from curriculum-centered to student-centered practices, increased collaboration, and requests for policy changes via teacher autonomy and advocacy for students.
Astigmatism management at the time of cataract surgery

Patients expect their vision to improve after cataract surgery and, increasingly, they expect to be free of the encumbrance of glasses and contact lenses. These expectations are driven by technological advancements throughout the ophthalmic industry and the experiences of family and friends. To meet or exceed patient expectations, cataract surgeons must pay increasing attention to the management of pre-existing corneal astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. Pre-existing corneal astigmatism is a significant component of preoperative ametropia. To achieve satisfactory postoperative refractive results, it is important to correct pre-existing spherical errors by accurate biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, and to manage preoperative corneal cylinder errors by a suitable method. Guided by preoperative corneal topography, patients with varying degrees of corneal astigmatism can be placed into a variety of dioptric categories. These categories dictate a systematic ‘stepladder’ approach t...
Exciton-Phonon Bound State: A New Quasiparticle

We point out that an exciton and an optical phonon may form a bound state which moves through the crystal. Calculated binding energies and oscillator strengths for this new quasiparticle lend support to recent suggestions that strong exciton-phonon mixing is present in the optical spectra of some ionic crystals.
The serials department at UCLA

Formed in 1962, the Serials Department in the University Library at UCLA consisted of a periodicals service and a unit that acquired current serials subscriptions for most libraries at UCLA. Later, a newspaper collection was added as was the exchanges program. Subsequent to the implementation of UCLA's automated system, ORION, the Serials Department assumed responsibility for most aspects of serials acquisitions and collection maintenance in the University Research Library but no longer ordered or received paid serials subscriptions for branch libraries. The department now consists of two divisions, one handling public service and collection maintenance, the other, acquisitions.
Intraosseous blood supply of the capitate and its correlation with aseptic necrosis

Isolated capitate fractures that result in the development of aseptic necrosis of the proximal pole are uncommon. Five patients were treated who developed aseptic necrosis of the proximal pole. Four had a history of trauma with radiographic evidence of nonunion. In vitro arterial injection studies were done to correlate clinical problem with intraosseous capitate vascularity. Palmar vessels were found to contribute the majority of the blood supply to the capitate. Three patterns of intraosseous blood supply were seen. In each pattern, the proximal pole received its blood supply exclusively in a retrograde fashion across the capitate waist analogous to the proximal scaphoid. Aseptic necrosis without collapse of the proximal pole was successfully managed with curettage and bone grafting in three patients. The remaining two patients, with collapse and pericapitate degenerative changes, were managed with intercarpal fusion.
Erratum to “Evidence for a cooperative role of gelatinase A and membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase during Xenopus laevis development” [Mechanisms of Development 124 (2007) 11–22]

The publisher regrets that the following errors have occurred in the above article on pages 1, 12, 13 and 16.The third sentence in the abstract on page 1 should have read ‘MT1’ instead of ‘MT-1’.The corrected text is as follows:We have shown previously that membrane-type 1 (MT1)-MMP is coexpressed temporally and spatially with the MMPgelatinase A (GelA) in all cell types of the intestine and tail where GelA is expressed during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis,suggesting a cooperative role of these MMPs in development.On page 12, left column, line ﬁve from the bottom, it should have read ‘Given that a number...’ instead of ‘Given the anumber...’.The corrected text is as follows:‘‘Given that a number of in vitro and in vivo studies in mammals have implicated a role of MT1-MMP in the activationof pro-GelA into mature GelA (Nagase, 1998; Seiki, 1999; Zhou et al., 2000), the coexpression of GelA and MT1-MMPsuggest that they function together in ECM remodeling and regulation of cell fate and behavior during frog development.’’On page 12, the ﬁrst sentence in paragraph 1 in the ‘2. Results’ section should have read ‘induce’ instead of ‘induced.’The corrected text is as follows:‘‘We have recently shown that the mRNA levels of both GelA and MT1-MMP are upregulated in the intestine and tailduring metamorphosis and when premetamorphic tadpoles are treated with thyroid hormone to induce metamorphicchanges (Hasebe et al., 2006).’’On page 13, right hand column, the third sentence in paragraph 2 should have read ‘identities’ instead of ‘identiﬁes’.The corrected text is as follows:Similar to what was observed before (Shi and Ishizuya-Oka, 1997), the tail extract produced several distinct gelatin-degrading bands, whose identities are not known, although the middle and lowest bands of molecular weights similarto pro- (latent) and activated GelA, respectively (Fig. 2B).
Polarization-encoded optical logic operations in photorefractive media

We propose and demonstrate optical logic operations using polarization encoding and wave mixing in photorefractive crystals. In our approach two orthogonal polarization states of light beams are used to represent respective logic values of 1 and 0. All 16 two-input logic operations can be easily achieved by use of the recording and readout of photoinduced volume gratings in photorefractive crystals. An optical full adder is also proposed and demonstrated.
Unlike mice, dogs exhibit effective glucoregulation during low-dose portal and peripheral glucose infusion

Portal infusion of glucose in the mouse at a rate equivalent to basal endogenous glucose production causes hypoglycemia, whereas peripheral infusion at the same rate causes significant hyperglycemi...
Influence of Pyruvic Acid Methyl Ester on Rat Pancreatic Islets: EFFECTS ON INSULIN SECRETION, PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS, AND SENSITIZATION OF THE BETA CELL *

Abstract The methyl ester of pyruvic acid (methyl pyruvate) stimulated a dose-dependent increase in insulin secretion from isolated perifused rat islets. The threshold level for release was about 10 mM, and at 20 mM the addition of MP to perifused islets resulted in a large first phase of secretion followed by an insulin-secretory response that was sustained for at least 40 min. When compared to the effects of 20 mM glucose, peak first-phase release rates in response to 20 mM methyl pyruvate were comparable, but the second phase of release was only about 10-15% of that observed with an equimolar level of the hexose. The stimulatory effects of 20 mM methyl pyruvate on secretion were abolished by the K1+-ATP channel blocker diazoxide (200 μM) and by the calcium channel antagonist nitrendipine (500 nM). The glucokinase inhibitor mannoheptulose (20 mM) had no adverse effect on the secretory response to 20 mM methyl pyruvate, whereas 10 μM forskolin amplified the insulinotropic action of MP. Sodium pyruvate alone or in combination with 10 μM forskolin had no insulinotropic effect. In additional experiments islet phosphoinositide pools were labeled with myo-2-[3H]inositol, and the subsequent accumulation of labeled inositol phosphates was used to monitor the activation of phospholipase C. Methyl pyruvate stimulated a dose-dependent increase in inositol phosphate levels when measured after a 30-min incubation period with a maximal increase of about 300% at 20 mM methyl pyruvate. The increase in phosphoinositide hydrolysis caused by methyl pyruvate (20 mM) was, like insulin secretion, reduced by both diazoxide and nitrendipine but was immune to inhibition by mannoheptulose. Pyruvate (20 mM) had no effect on inositol phosphate accumulation. Prior short-term exposure to methyl pyruvate sensitized islets to subsequent stimulation with 15 mM glucose. Sodium pyruvate did not sensitize islets. These findings support the concept that the mitochondrial metabolism of nutrient molecules is an event sufficient to acutely augment insulin release from the beta cell, to increase phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and to induce time-dependent potentiation of insulin secretion.
Let us talk about it: safe adolescent sexual decision making.

Purpose: To discuss important factors that influence teens and provide guidance for nurse practitioners (NPs) to promote safe adolescent sexual decision making. Data sources: A selective review of current professional literature and professional practice. Conclusions: To promote safe sexual decision making in adolescents, communication with parents, other significant adults, and teens is essential. Being knowledgeable about factors that influence the choices of adolescents and willing to discuss them openly is an important component of NP practice and could make a difference in the lives of many teens. Implications for practice: NPs are frontline healthcare providers who have many opportunities to promote safe adolescent sexual decision making. This article provides a guide to assist in this work.
Are We Meeting the Goal of Responsible Environmental Behavior? An Examination of Nature and Environmental Education Center Goals

(1991). Are We Meeting the Goal of Responsible Environmental Behavior? An Examination of Nature and Environmental Education Center Goals. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 16-21.
The effect of recycling traps and upwelling on estuarine chemical flux estimates

Abstract Property-salinity plots are commonly used in the interpretation of estuarine and coastal dissolved chemical distributions as well as in making estimates of fluxes to the open ocean. Previous work has explored the interpretation of these diagrams from a theoretical point of view and has pointed out some of the assumptions inherent in their use. In this report a simple box model is used to explore the effect of recycling traps and upwelling on property-salinity plots. It is shown that both of these phenomena, if not accounted for, can lead to erroneous conclusions about dissolved fluxes to the open ocean. Simple relationships are derived from the box model which can be used to evaluate the effects of recycling and upwelling. The model is applied to the Amazon outflow region where recycling is important and to waters outside San Francisco Bay where upwelling is important. Additional analysis of the Louisiana Shelf and the western North Atlantic indicates the need for further consideration of upwelling effects in these regions.
Pentoxifylline for the Treatment of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cytokine dysregulation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been documented in numerous studies and has been cited as an important component in the pathogenesis of this retroviral infection. Pharmacological modification of cytokine dysregulation, therefore, has been suggested as a therapeutic modality for HIV-1 infection. Dr. Dezube of Beth Israel Hospital (Boston) concisely reviews the state of our knowledge regarding the effects of pentoxifylline on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a cytokine known to influence HIV-1 replication and to play a possible role in the clinical manifestations of advanced infection with this virus. Pentoxifylline, a trisubstituted xanthine derivative, has been used to decrease blood viscosity and is reasonably well tolerated by most recipients of the drug. Results of preliminary studies, many of which were conducted by Dr. Dezube, suggest that use of this agent in combination with antiretroviral compounds may prove useful in the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
Preparing for the Future with Technology: extending past the classroom

ABSTRACT In light of the rapidly changing technology needs of administrators, teachers, and students in both K‐12 schools and university settings, an innovative technology training program was designed and implemented. Planning considerations, including needs assessment data generated by educational practitioners and university personnel, a description of how the program was implemented and evaluated, and future directions are reported.
Photoresist-free patterning by mechanical abrasion of water-soluble lift-off resists and bare substrates: toward green fabrication of transparent electrodes.

This paper describes the fabrication of transparent electrodes based on grids of copper microwires using a non-photolithographic process. The process—“abrasion lithography”—takes two forms. In the first implementation (Method I), a water-soluble commodity polymer film is abraded with a sharp tool, coated with a conductive film, and developed by immersion in water. Water dissolves the polymer film and lifts off the conductive film in the unabraded areas. In the second implementation (Method II), the substrate is abraded directly by scratching with a sharp tool (i.e., no polymer film necessary). The abraded regions of the substrate are recessed and roughened. Following deposition of a conductive film, the lower profile and roughened topography in the abraded regions prevents mechanical exfoliation of the conductive film using adhesive tape, and thus the conductive film remains only where the substrate is scratched. As an application, conductive grids exhibit average sheet resistances of 17 Ω sq–1 and transparencies of 86% are fabricated and used as the anode in organic photovoltaic cells in concert with the conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Compared to devices in which PEDOT:PSS alone serves as an anode, devices comprising grids of copper/nickel microwires and PEDOT:PSS exhibit lowered series resistance, which manifests in greater fill factor and power conversion efficiency. This simple method of forming micropatterns could find use in applications where cost and environmental impact should be minimized, especially as a potential replacement for the transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) in thin-film electronics over large areas (i.e., solar cells) or as a method of rapid prototyping for laboratory-scale devices.
Sourcerer: An internet-scale software repository

Vast quantities of open source code are now available online, presenting a great potential resource for software developers. Yet the current generation of open source code search engines fail to take advantage of the rich structural information contained in the code they index. We have developed Sourcerer, an infrastructure for large-scale indexing and analysis of open source code. By taking full advantage of this structural information, Sourcerer provides a foundation upon which state of the art search engines and related tools easily be built. We describe the Sourcerer infrastructure, present the applications that we have built on top of it, and discuss how existing tools could benefit from using Sourcerer.
A new TDR sensor for accurate freeze–thaw measurement

The variation of soil properties during freezing–thawing cycles, especially the reduction of subgrade strength during the thawing process, is the major cause of pavement damage in cold regions. This paper introduces the development and evaluation of an innovative guided electromagnetic (EM) wave [time domain reflectometry (TDR)] tube sensor to non-destructively monitor the freezing–thawing process. Experimental evaluation indicates that the sensor signals are responsive to the development of freezing–thawing. From the measured data, the degree of freezing–thawing can be accurately determined by the use of an empirical analysis algorithm. This paper demonstrates the capability of this new TDR sensor to non-destructively monitor the freezing–thawing status of soils. These will set the basis for a thorough investigation of the effects of freezing–thawing on soil behaviour, an important aspect for incorporating the seasonal effects on pavement design and preservation in cold regions.
The involvement of cold water in recreational boating fatalities—I†: causal analysis

Part 1 of this paper describes an intensive analysis of the recreational boating fatality history. The purpose of this analysis is to quantify the significance of hypothermia and other cold-related mechanisms as risks to recreational boaters. It is shown that approx. 16% of boating fatalities involve cold-related causes. Part II of this paper addresses a demographic analysis of the identified cold-related fatalities.
Comprehensive analysis of MicroRNA (miRNA) targets in breast cancer cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate mRNA stability and translation through the action of the RNAi-induced silencing complex. In this study, we systematically identified endogenous miRNA target genes by using AGO2 immunoprecipitation (AGO2-IP) and microarray analyses in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, representing luminal and basal-like breast cancer, respectively. The expression levels of ∼70% of the AGO2-IP mRNAs were increased by DROSHA or DICER1 knockdown. In addition, integrated analysis of miRNA expression profiles, mRNA-AGO2 interaction, and the 3′-UTR of mRNAs revealed that >60% of the AGO2-IP mRNAs were putative targets of the 50 most abundantly expressed miRNAs. Together, these results suggested that the majority of the AGO2-associated mRNAs were bona fide miRNA targets. Functional enrichment analysis uncovered that the AGO2-IP mRNAs were involved in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, adhesion/migration/invasion, stress responses (e.g. DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress and hypoxia), and cell-cell communication (e.g. Notch and Ephrin signaling pathways). A role of miRNAs in regulating cell migration/invasion and stress response was further defined by examining the impact of DROSHA knockdown on cell behaviors. We demonstrated that DROSHA knockdown enhanced cell migration and invasion, whereas it sensitized cells to cell death induced by suspension culture, glucose depletion, and unfolding protein stress. Data from an orthotopic xenograft model showed that DROSHA knockdown resulted in reduced growth of primary tumors but enhanced lung metastasis. Taken together, these results suggest that miRNAs collectively function to promote survival of tumor cells under stress but suppress cell migration/invasion in breast cancer cells. Background: miRNA deregulation contributes to tumor progression. Results: Endogenous miRNA targets were identified in two breast cancer cell lines by integrated analysis of miRNA/mRNA expression and miRNA-mRNA interaction. Conclusion: miRNAs collectively function to promote survival but suppress cell migration/invasion. Significance: The defined endogenous miRNA targets will facilitate future studies to link miRNA deregulation with breast cancer cell properties.
Nano patterned titanium for orthopedic applications

The structure of implant surfaces plays an important role in the interaction between the implant and its surroundings because it is in direct contact with living tissue1. Since tissues are known to have nanostructures, the development of implants with surfaces that mimic this type of structure is a crucial factor in allowing the tissue to recognize the implant and therefore exhibit better adhesion properties. This study involves examining osteoblast function on nano patterned titanium substrates created using electron beam evaporation. These patterns appear to better promote bone cell functions more similar to long bones of the body. As a result of mimicking the structure and properties of bone, initial formation of anisotropic bone upon implantation will occur.
Computer simulation of met-enkephalin using explicit atom and united atom potentials : Similarities, differences, and suggestions for improvement

The conformational dynamics of Met-enkephalin are studied using a variety of united atom and explicit atom force fields to compare and contrast the dynamical behavior predicted by these two types of force fields in biological systems. Equilibrium and dynamical properties are computed from 130-ns implicit water, Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations for four explicit atom and two united atom force fields. The dynamical properties discussed provide a reasonable probe of conformational regions not covered by equilibrium folded structures and are very useful in testing and improving force fields. A comparison of these dynamical properties indicates that the explicit atom and united atom force fields produce significantly different peptide dynamical properties.
A Cyclic Nucleotide Modulated Prokaryotic K+ Channel

A search of prokaryotic genomes uncovered a gene from Mesorhizobium loti homologous to eukaryotic K+ channels of the S4 superfamily that also carry a cyclic nucleotide binding domain at the COOH terminus. The gene was cloned from genomic DNA, and the protein, denoted MloK1, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Gel filtration analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of protein sizes which, upon inclusion of cyclic nucleotide, coalesces into a homogeneous population, eluting at the size expected for a homotetramer. As followed by a radioactive 86Rb+ flux assay, the putative channel protein catalyzes ionic flux with a selectivity expected for a K+ channel. Ion transport is stimulated by cAMP and cGMP at submicromolar concentrations. Since this bacterial homologue does not have the “C-linker” sequence found in all eukaryotic S4-type cyclic nucleotide-modulated ion channels, these results show that this four-helix structure is not a general requirement for transducing the cyclic nucleotide-binding signal to channel opening.
Prostaglandins Regulate Conceptus Elongation and Mediate Effects of Interferon Tau on the Ovine Uterine Endometrium

In ruminants, both the endometrium and the conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) trophectoderm synthesizes and secretes prostaglandins (PG) during early pregnancy. In mice and humans, PGs regulate endometrial function and conceptus implantation. In Study One, bred ewes received intrauterine infusions of vehicle as a control (CX) or meloxicam (MEL), a PG synthase (PTGS) inhibitor from Days 8– 14 postmating, and the uterine lumen was flushed on Day 14 to recover conceptuses and assess their morphology. Elongating and filamentous conceptuses (12 cm to .14 cm in length) were recovered from all CX-treated ewes. In contrast, MEL-treated ewes contained mostly ovoid or tubular conceptuses. PTGS activity in the uterine endometrium and amounts of PGs were substantially lower in uterine flushings from MEL-treated ewes. Receptors for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were present in both the conceptus and the endometrium, particularly the epithelia. In Study Two, cyclic ewes received intrauterine infusions of CX, MEL, recombinant ovine interferon tau (IFNT), or IFNT and MEL from Days 10–14 postestrus. Infusion of MEL decreased PGs in the uterine lumen and expression of a number of progesteroneinduced endometrial genes, particularly IGFBP1 and HSD11B1. IFNT increased endometrial PTGS activity and the amount of PGs in the uterine lumen. Interestingly, IFNT stimulation of many genes (FGF2, ISG15, RSAD2, CST3, CTSL, GRP, LGALS15, IGFBP1, SLC2A1, SLC5A1, SLC7A2) was reduced by co-infusion with MEL. Thus, PGs are important regulators of conceptus elongation and mediators of endometrial responses to progesterone and IFNT in the ovine uterus. conceptus, implantation, interferon, interferon tau, pregnancy, progesterone, progesterone receptor, prostaglandins, uterus
Quantitative Trait Loci × Maternal Cytoplasmic Environment Interaction for Development Rate in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Effects of maternal cytoplasmic environment (MCE) on development rate in rainbow trout were evaluated within a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis framework. Previous research had identified QTL for development rate in doubled haploid (DH) progeny produced from a cross between the Oregon State University (OSU) and the Swanson (SW) River rainbow trout clonal lines. In this study, progeny for QTL mapping were produced from a cross between the OSU and Clearwater (CW) River clonal lines. Doubled haploids were produced from the OSU × CW F1 by androgenesis using eggs from different females (or MCEs); with androgenesis, the maternal nuclear genome was destroyed by irradiation and diploidy was restored by blocking the first embryonic cleavage by heat shock. All embryos were incubated at the same temperature and development rate quantified as time to hatch. Using a linkage map constructed primarily with AFLP markers, QTL mapping was performed, including MCE covariates and QTL × MCE effects in models for testing. The major QTL for development rate in the OSU×SW cross overlaps with the major QTL found in this OSU × CW cross; effects at this locus were the same across MCEs. Both MCE and QTL × MCE effects contribute to variability in development rate, but QTL × MCE were minor and detected only at small-effect QTL.
Generalized torque analysis of magnetic uniaxial anisotropy

A method for analyzing uniaxial torque data has been developed. The analysis provides a reliable method of finding the magnetization, first- and second-order uniaxial anisotropy constants, and associated confidence intervals. Based on the well-known 45 degrees C method, the technique analyzes data taken at any angle and provides for determination of K/sub 2/ in addition to M and K/sub 1/. Constant angle torque data is fit to a uniaxial model via a least squares method at many angles, wherein each angle data set provides an independent measure of M, K/sub 1/, and K/sub 2/. Mean values and uncertainties are obtained by combining results from all angles. The procedure was tested on simulated torque data generated from known M, K/sub 1/, and K/sub 2/ values with subsequent introduction of normal distributed noise and a Fe/Cu multilayer sample. Confidence intervals associated with the extracted values are also presented. >
Bronchoscopy in Nonresolving Nosocomial Pneumonia

F ew investigators have studied the role of bronchoscopy in evaluating and managing patients with nosocomial pneumonia who are not responding to initial antibiotic therapy. This discussion examines whether the information provided by bronchoscopy has value in this setting, as well as whether the concept of using bronchoscopy for the nonresponding patient is a logical one. Importantly, serial bronchoscopy is generally performed while the patient is receiving antibiotic therapy. Such therapy can reduce the yield and accuracy of quantitative cultures of respiratory secretions. The presumption for using serial cultures in the nonresponding patient is that bacteria are present that have not been eliminated by currently administered antibiotics. Moreover, these organisms can be identified early enough so that changes in therapy will improve the outcome in these patients.
Register allocation across procedure and module boundaries

This paper describes a method for compiling programs using interprocedural register allocation. A strategy for handling programs built from multiple modules is presented, as well as algorithms for global variable promotion and register spill code motion. These algorithms attempt to address some of the shortcomings of previous interprocedural register allocation strategies. Results are given for an implementation on a single register file RISC-based architecture.
Bend loss characterization of direct write rib waveguides induced in Ge 0.2 Se 0.8 chalcogenide glass using electron beams

Rib waveguides in Ge 0.2 Se 0.8 films are fabricated by the direct write of electron beams. Numerical analysis shows that bend loss decreases with electron beam exposure count for constant bend radius.
Social Pedagogy and Liberal Egalitarian Compensatory Programs: The Case of Head Start

Using Head Start as an example of a compensatory social program based on a liberal egalitarian view of justice, this paper shows how all such programs are fundamentally flawed. In spite of any good intentions, by creating a discourse of deficiency and attempting amelioration through segregation this approach contains the seeds of its own failure. And, indeed, Head Start has floundered since its inception. That there is real need is clear; however, a new way forward is essential. We propose a model, based on social pedagogy, that takes seriously and respectfully the lifeworld of the children and families involved, and works cooperatively to find a way forward for everyone instead of imposing an externally-driven system response to an inadequately understood lifeworld. In addition, this reconceptualization must move beyond the exclusiveness of compensatory programs to inclusiveness of all children and families. This approach offers hope both for a more just social world in general based on deliberative justice as well as attaining goals of student achievement and development.
Engineers, Firms and Nations: Ethical Dilemmas in the New Global Environment

Global firms—which are the primary organizational entities through which commercial engineering is conducted—have largely lost attachment to their country of origins. Although they may retain some cultural heritage that stems from their country of origin, they are increasingly global organizations that have multiple “host countries” in which they have located some portion of their operations. As a result, they have a decreasing degree of investment in, or loyalty to, any one nation. At the macro, policy level, this new globalization raises questions about the context in which engineering work (as well as other work) is conducted. This structural change in firms and the process of technology development raises questions about engineering values and ethics. This paper will provide an overview of the structural changes in technology development based on fieldwork conducted by the authors, and discuss the value and policy implications of these changes.
Characteristics of 2733 cases diagnosed with deformational plagiocephaly and changes in risk factors over time.

Abstract Objectives: To describe infant and maternal characteristics among infants with plagiocephaly and to quantify time trends in potential risk factors for plagiocephaly. Design: Case-only study. We described the characteristics of individuals born between 1987 and 2002. We also compared characteristics of individuals born from 1987 through 1990, before the American Academy of Pediatrics 1992 sleep-position recommendations, with those of individuals born from 1991 to 2002. Setting: Children's Craniofacial Center at Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center in Seattle, Washington. Participants: Subjects included 2733 infants diagnosed with deformational plagiocephaly or brachycephaly before 18 months of age who were born from 1987 to 2002. Main Outcome Measure: Descriptive statistics, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among individuals born from 1991 to 2002, 91.6% had occipital-only flattening, 17.2% were brachycephalic, 67.7% were boys, and 9.9% were multiple birth infants. As...
Host factors in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Abstract Host factors, particularly endocrine, were investigated in 173 autopsied patients with cancer of the cervix, compared to 203 noncancerous women. More women of short stature were present in the cancer group. No significant increase of genital endocrine abnormalities accompanied cervical cancer. The endocrine and urinary tract alterations that occurred most commonly were considered as likely accompaniments or secondary complications of cancer growth. The observations are interpreted to indicate that cancer of the cervix more characteristically arises through local cervical processes than through generalized body abnormalities.
Normal forces and myofibrillar disruption after repeated eccentric exercise

To investigate the "rapid-adaptation" phenomenon, we examined force, neural, and morphological adaptations in 12 subjects who performed 100 eccentric contractions with the quadriceps muscle (bout 1) and repeated the same exercise after a 2-wk hiatus (bout 2). Two days after bout 1, quadriceps muscle strength and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity declined approximately 37 and 28%, respectively, in the control group (n = 6). At day 2 after bout 1, significant increases occurred in patellar tendon reflex amplitude (approximately 25%), muscle soreness (fivefold), and serum creatine kinase (220%), and 65 +/- 12% of the total number of pixels in the EMG indicated myofibrillar disruption. At day 7 after bout 1, all variables returned to normal. At day 2 after bout 2, no significant changes occurred in force, EMG, creatine kinase, or soreness, but reflex amplitude increased, and 23 +/- 4% of the total number of pixels in the EMG still indicated myofibrillar disruption. The results suggest that the rapid force recovery following eccentric exercise is mediated at least in part by neural factors and that this recovery may occur independently of cell disruption.
Los cambios en el sistema internacional a partir de 2000

This article characterizes three moments of change in the structure of the international system but focuses on this century. It looks at opportunities created for Latin American states by the rise of China in world markets; the enhanced capacities of Latin American states vis-a-vis major powers and institutions as a consequence of the international commodity boom; the disruption of the international system caused by U.S. foreign policy at the start of the century and the subsequent balancing against U.S. power; the breakdown in the inter-American ideological consensus from the 1990s; and the intensified securitization of relations with the United States.
The application of communication mechanism for reducing the nurse-patient disputes in pediatric

Objective To explore how to establish the communication mechanism between nurses and patients in hostpital,and improve patient satisfaction in paediatric ward.Method Retrospective analysied the nursing complaints in pediatric from 2008 to 2009.Aiming at the common reasons,reform measures were implemented in our hospital since 2010.The patient satisfaction had two stages,2008 to 2009 and after 2010,were compared with statistical treatment.Results In general,there was no appearance of bad manners,ignoring the patients and asking for red packets among pediatric nurses.The main reasons of nursing complaints included understaffed,lack of responsibility,lack of communication skills and inadequate explaination.Afer establishing and improving the communication mechanism between nurses and patients,the complaints of patients was significantly decreased(P0.01),and patient satisfaction was increased.Conclusion A set of perfect and effective communication mechanism should to be established.Moreover,the nurses should strengthen the interaction with patients and understand the feelings and dissatisfaction of patients.In the nursing work,timely adjustment can avoid the misunderstanding of patients.All the work mentioned above is effective for reducing the complaints of pediatric patients.