cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The main controlling factors and pattern of "upper source-lower reservoir" on depression edge: A case study with the Putaohua reservoir in Zhao 41-Zhou 58 Block of Songliao Basin

The Putaohua reservoir in Zhao 41-Zhou 58 Block has been studied for its spatial relationship with the conditions of oil accumulation.It is thought that oil distributes areally in the northwest and southeast,vertically in the PI4 and PI5 sub-layer,characterized by "oil above and water below",and there is not a uniform oil-water contact among the fault blocks.In the oil source area,oil accumulation in the Putaohua reservoir is mainly controlled by 2 factors: K1qn1 source rock and the area near oil source fault;outside of the oil source area,oil accumulation in the Putaohua reservoir is also controlled by 2 factors: the distribution of Fuyang reservoir and the area near oil source fault.In the oil source area,the oil generated from K1qn1 source rock migrated up into the overlying Putaohua reservoir via oil source fault under the actions of overpressure and buoyancy and accumulated in the fault block or fault-lithologic trap near the oil source fault.Outside of the oil source area,the oil in the underlying Fuyang reservoir migrated up into the Putaohua reservoir via oil source fault under the action of buoyancy and accumulated in the fault block or fault-lithologic trap near the oil source fault.
The Fair Price Bargaining Zone

In negotiations, it is generally assumed that both the buyer and the seller are rational, motivated by economic self-interest. Hence, the range of prices acceptable to the buyer is expected to have a self-serving bias just as is the range of prices acceptable to the seller. These individually biased ranges of acceptable prices can overlap, constituting a positive “bargaining zone” (Walton and McKersie 1965). Negotiations which take place within this zone are expedited since any outcome within the zone is mutually satisfactory.
The Archaeology of Identity: Excavating Martha Jefferson's Entanglements

While every American school child knows about President Thomas Jefferson, few know about his wife. Virginia Scarf's intimate look at the "Women Jefferson Loved" added to Jefferson's biography and seems on the surface to be a revelation of the degradation even wealthy white women lived with during the late 18th century. But what Scarf's text really does is to provide a panoramic view of the repetitions of family patterns and then brings under the microscope the details of how we relive the painful stories of our ancestors. The authors of this paper chose to examine these patterns in Jefferson's family history and observe them through systemic constellation theory as a way to understand that Mrs. Jefferson could do or be little else than what she was. Systemic constellation theory allows us to move past the history into the deepest cavern of the ancestral mind who, we believe, is like the proverbial archaeologist, determined to bring to the surface our most destructive patterns and entanglements for completion.
Topology control in mobile sensor networks using information space feedback

Time-varying network topology plays a key role in mobile sensor networks for detection of an event of interest and subsequent awareness propagation within a monitoring and surveillance framework. While physical space parameters such as communication range and mobility characteristics directly drive the network structure, feedback from the information space can be useful to improve network topology and facilitate efficient information management. In this context, the paper proposes a feedback control scheme for tuning key network topology parameters, such as average degree and degree distribution under the recently proposed generalized gossip framework for distributed belief/awareness propagation in mobile sensor networks. The crux of this decentralized control policy is to modify the timelines of the asynchronous belief update protocol depending on the node-level belief/awareness. Using a proximity network representation for a mobile sensor network, the paper presents both analytic and numerical results associated with topology control scheme as well as its impacts on belief/awareness propagation characteristics.
Baroclinic mixing of potential vorticity as the principal sharpening mechanism for the extratropical Tropopause Inversion Layer

Previous works have shown that a dry, idealized general circulation model could produce many features of the extratropical Tropopause Inversion Layer (TIL). In particular, the following have been shown, but no explanations were given for these results. A sharper extratropical TIL resulted more from increased horizontal resolution than from increased vertical resolution. If the Equator-to-Pole temperature gradient was varied, the annual variation of the extratropical TIL found in observations could be reproduced The extratropical TIL altitude showed excellent correlation with the upper tropospheric relative vorticity, as had been previously proposed. Increased horizontal model resolutions led to eaxtratropical TILs that were at lower altitudes. We show that these conclusions follow from baroclinic mixing of high stratospheric potential vorticity (PV) into the troposphere being the principal sharpening mechanism for the extratropical TIL, and the increased baroclinic activity occurring in higher horizontal resolution models. We furthermore suggest that the distance from the jet exerts a greater influence on the height and sharpness of the extratropical TIL than does the upper tropospheric relative vorticity, and this accounts for the annual behavior of the extratropical TIL found in observations and reproduced with a dry, mechanistic, global model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Comparative Analyze of Infrastructure in Developed Countries

Abstract The goal of the work is to understand and find the ways the infrastructure in the UK, Brazil and Russia will be developed in near future by analyzing the finished projects in last 10 years in and providing recommendation for investment growth in russian infrastructure.
Simple evaluation of the multi-user MIMO channel spatial covariance

This paper proposes a simple formulation for computing the full cross-covariance of multi-user multi-antenna multipath propagation channels where the multipath characteristics observed at two adjacent radios are correlated. The technique is applied to the case of key establishment based on reciprocal electromagnetic propagation to demonstrate the impact of a proximate eavesdropper on the key rate performance.
Image interpolation improves the zonal analysis of cartilage T2 relaxation in MRI

Background: This project aimed to investigate the improvement in the detection of osteoarthritis (OA) in cartilage by the interpolation of T2 images, in the situation when the native MRI resolution is insufficient to resolve the depth-dependent T2 characteristics in articular cartilage (AC). Methods: Eighteen intact canine knee joints that were healthy or had mild (contralateral) or severe OA were T2-imaged in a 7T/20 cm MRI system at 200 µm/pixel resolution (macro-MRI). Two image analysis methods were used to interpolate the images to 100 µm/pixel, i.e., by Fourier-transforming the time-domain FID (Free Induction Decay) signal using the Varian NMR software and by interpolating the 2D T2 image using the ImageJ software. Results: The T2 profiles from 30 individual ROI of each healthy [6], mild [6] and OA [6] cartilage at 200 µm and the interpolated 100 µm resolutions were subdivided into two equal-thickness regions and three-equal thickness regions based on clinical MRI protocols. A new method divided the T2 profiles into three-unequal thickness zones according to the T2 profiles at 17.6 µm/pixel from the same cartilage imaged in a 7 Tesla/9 cm µMRI system. Both interpolation methods improved the depth-dependent T2 images/profiles in macro-MRI. The unequal zone division in T2 had better OA sensitivity than the equal zone division. The three-equal zone division of T2 profiles had better OA sensitivity than the two-equal zone division. The statistical significant difference between the healthy and mild OA cartilage is detected (P=0.0018) only by the unequal zone division method at 100 µm resolution. Conclusions: Data interpolation improves the T2 sensitivity in MRI of cartilage OA. Unequal division of tissue thickness enables better early stage of OA detection than the equal division.
Variability in the mechanisms controlling Southern Ocean phytoplankton bloom phenology in an ocean model and satellite observations

A coupled global numerical simulation (conducted with the Community Earth System Model) is used in conjunction with satellite remote sensing observations to examine the role of top-down (grazing pressure) and bottom-up (light, nutrients) controls on marine phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Southern Ocean. Phytoplankton seasonal phenology is evaluated in the context of the recently proposed ‘disturbance-recovery’ hypothesis relative to more traditional, exclusively ‘bottom-up’ frameworks. All blooms occur when phytoplankton division rates exceed loss rates to permit sustained net population growth, however the nature of this decoupling period varies regionally in CESM. Regional case studies illustrate how unique pathways allow blooms to emerge despite very poor division rates or very strong grazing rates. In the Subantarctic, southeast Pacific small spring blooms initiate early co-occurring with deep mixing and low division rates, consistent with the ‘disturbance-recovery’ hypothesis. Similar systematics are present in the Subantarctic, southwest Atlantic during the spring, but are eclipsed by a subsequent, larger summer bloom that is coincident with shallow mixing and the annual maximum in division rates, consistent with a ‘bottom-up’, light limited framework. In the model simulation, increased iron stress prevents a similar summer bloom in the southeast Pacific. In the simulated Antarctic zone (70°S - 65°S) seasonal sea ice acts as a dominant phytoplankton-zooplankton decoupling agent, triggering a delayed but substantial bloom as ice recedes. Satellite ocean color remote sensing and ocean physical reanalysis products do not precisely match model predicted phenology, but observed patterns do indicate regional variability in mechanism across the Atlantic and Pacific.
Measuring the Impact of Online Translation on FL Writing Scores

Online translation (OT) sites, which automatically convert text from one language to another, have been around for nearly 20 years. While foreign language students and teachers have long been aware of their existence, and debates about the accuracy and usefulness of OT are well known, surprisingly little research has been done to analyze the actual effects of online translator usage on student writing. The current study compares the scores of two composition tasks by third- and fourth-semester university students of French who used an online translator, with or without prior training, to the scores of students who did not use OT. Students using an online translator did not perform significantly worse those not using the translator on either task. In fact, students who received prior training in OT outscored the control group overall on the second writing task. Additionally, students using the online translator received higher subscores on one or both writing tasks for features such as comprehensibility, spelling, content, and grammar. The results of the current study are discussed in detail; implications for the foreign language classroom are presented; and avenues for future research are proposed.
Experimental stress analysis of dental restorations: Part II. Two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis of crowns

Abstract The general stress distribution in full crown restorations was investigated using a two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis method. Crowns on tipped molar abutments as well as on normally aligned molars were analyzed. The maximum compressive stresses on the interior of crowns were generally found to be on the reduced cusp surface of the restorations. Maximum tensile stresses were observed in the central fossa and along the axis of symmetry of the crown, when the crowns were loaded bilaterally to simulate oral conditions. Stresses were also investigated at the free boundaries of the crown, and tensile stresses were observed at the cervical margins of the restoration with compressive loads of 133 pounds and at a cusp angle of 39 degrees.
Scoring Live Tweets on the Beat

Newspaper sports beat reporters have experienced challenges to their workflow as social media, such as Twitter, has emerged as an essential tool in the reporting of live-game events. The purpose of this study was to assess the ways newspaper sports beat reporters meet consumers’ needs for information during these live events. Using retweets and likes as measures of engagement, this study found that newspaper sports beat reporters’ Twitter content during live-game coverage was liked and retweeted more frequently when it included analysis, opinion, entertainment, and visual content. By contrast, tweets containing only play-by-play outcomes were retweeted and liked significantly less than average. This study suggests that newspaper sports beat reporters should capitalize on their exclusivity and insider access to create Twitter content beyond mere play-by-play results that are typically available to those following the game through more traditional means such as television, radio, or in person. These strateg...
The absence or temporal offset of visual feedback does not influence adaptation to novel movement dynamics

A temporal offset between movement and distorted visual feedback (e.g., visuomotor rotation) influences the subsequent motor recalibration, but the effects of this offset for altered movement dynam...
Exception Handling and Application Domains

Exception handling allows you to handle an event in a manner that does something about the exception or shuts down an application gracefully.
Optical studies of native defects in π-conjugated donor–acceptor copolymers

We used multiple spectroscopies such as photoinduced absorption (PIA), magneto photoinduced absorption, and doping induced absorption for studying native defects in π-conjugated donor–acceptor copolymer chains of benzodithio-phene fluorinated benzotriazole. The PIA spectrum contains characteristic photoinduced absorption bands that are due to polarons and triplet exciton species, whose strengths have different dependencies on the modulation frequency, temperature, and laser excitation, as well as magnetic field response. We found that the native defects in the copolymer chains serve as efficient traps that ionize the photoexcited excitons, thereby generating charge carriers whose characteristic optical properties are similar, but not equal to those of intrachain polarons formed by doping. The native defects density is of the order of 1017 cm−3 indicating that most of the copolymer chains contain native defects upon synthesis; however, this does not preclude their used-for photovoltaic applications.
High-throughput Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for Drug Screening with 3D Tumor Spheroids

We developed an ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography system that was capable of performing live, longitudinal characterization of three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids for high-throughput screening (HTS) of anti-cancer drugs.
Prediction of tissue concentrations of monoclonal antibodies in mice from plasma concentrations

The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate allometric methods for predicting tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients (Kp) in mice from experimentally determined in-vivo volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The Vss was allometrically predicted (using a fixed exponent 1.0 or 0.9) in a given tissue of the mice. The Kp was predicted using Vss and tissue specific physiological parameters. In total, Kp values were predicted for 20 mAbs, 121 tissues, and 665 tissue concentrations. The predicted Kp values and tissue concentrations were compared with the experimental results as well as an empirically predicted antibody biodistribution coefficient (ABC). Comparison of the predicted Kp values by the two proposed methods with experimentally determined Kp values indicated that 64-75% of the predicted Kp values were within two-fold prediction error. For 665 tissue concentrations, 63%, 74%, and 48% tissue concentration ratio were within 0.5-2 fold prediction error by exponent 1.0, exponent 0.9, and ABC, respectively. The proposed allometric methods are better than ABC method for the prediction of tissue Kp values and tissue concentrations. The proposed methods can reasonably predict tissue concentrations of mAbs using plasma concentration gathered at early stage of biologics development.
Representations of Semisimple Lie Groups

The purpose of these lectures is to give an elementary introduction to some basic topics in the theory of representations of semisimple Lie groups. Within harmonic analysis I have limited myself to a special topic which is now fairly well-developed, namely Fourier analysis of spherical functions.
Managed care and service capacity development in a public mental health system.

Developing a continuum of care is considered to be one of the first steps in the process of implementing managed care strategies. This study summarizes the results of a final survey that focused on the ability of Colorado community mental health centers (CMHCs) to build service capacity and create new programs as a result of Medicaid capitation financing. Capitated agencies, compared to those that remained fee-for- service during the study period, reported a much greater ability to develop services as a result of capitation. Decreases in services were minimal for all agencies. Some differences in managed care organizational models were noted, as were differences in the speed of implementation. Gaps in some services still remain. These findings point to important program implementation issues for publicly funded managed care.
Carleman Estimates with Second Large Parameter for Second Order Operators

In this paper we prove Carleman type estimates with two large parameters for general linear partial differential operators of second order. By using second large parameter we derive from results for scalar equations first Carleman estimates for dynamical Lame system with residual stress. We apply these estimates to obtain a Holder and Lipschitz stability estimates of continuation of solutions of this system under some pseudo-convexity assumptions. So we obtain first uniqueness and stability of the continuation results for an important anisotropic system of elasticity without assumption that this system is close to an isotropic system.
Using Symbols Computer Algebraic Systems to Derive Formulas Involving Orthogonal Polynomials and Other Special Functions

It is shown how symbolic computer algebraic systems such as Mathematica, Macsyma, SMP, etc., can be used to derive transformation and expansion formulas for orthogonal polynomials that are expressible in terms of either hypergeometric or basic hypergeometric series. In particular, we demonstrate how Mathematica can be used to apply transformation formulas to the Racah and q-Racah polynomials, to derive an indefinite bibasic summation formula, an expansion formula for Laguerre polynomials, Clausen’s formula for the square of hypergeometric series, a q-analogue of a Fields and Wimp expansion formula, and to prove the Askey-Gasper inequality which de Branges used in his proof of the Bieberbach conjecture. We also make some observations and conjectures related to Jensen’s necessary and sufficient conditions for the Riemann Hypothesis to hold.
Volume responses to exogenous changes in Medicare's payment policies.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to obtain estimates of the "volume offset," which is the slippage in the costs or the savings that would, in the absence of behavioral responses, result from exogenous changes in Medicare's payment policies. An estimate of this offset is essential to accurate cost estimation for fee proposals under Medicare. Estimates are obtained using Medicare claims data from Colorado for 1976 and 1978, before and after implementation of an abrupt and substantial change in the way Medicare's fees were determined. Reliable estimates could be obtained only for two specialty groups-general practitioners and internists. For these physicians, the results indicate that about half of an initial drop in their Medicare receipts caused by a change in payment policy would be offset by an increase in their volume of services. For physicians whose receipts would increase because of the policy change, the best estimates indicate that about a third of their initial gain would be offset by a fall in the volume of services they provide. The difference in response between gaining and losing practices is not a statistically significant one, however. One could conclude from this study that--for both gaining and losing practices--changes in volume would offset about half of any initial change in receipts caused by a payment change.
Analyzing the Economic Effects of State-Level Regulation

Existing research on the economic impacts of regulation largely focuses on federal or cross-country regulatory restrictions, but the problem of regulatory accumulation is expected to also occur at the state level. Public choice economics and market process theory offer insight into why regulations alter economic outcomes. Since regulations change the rules of the game and the payoffs that participants receive, looking beyond stated intentions to the way regulations motivate behaviors is critical. Markets are an entrepreneurially driven process characterized by changing conditions, but regulations can inhibit creative destruction and distort incentives. I use the novel State RegData dataset from the QuantGov platform, which analyzes state regulatory texts to provide measures of restriction counts and industry relevance. I estimate the effect of industry-relevant restrictions on business establishments and employment using two econometric models: a multivariate linear regression model with controls and a fixed-effects regression model. I find tentative results that a greater amount of regulation in states is associated with negative percent changes in establishments and employment. My study is a starting point for future investigations of the relationship between regulation and state-level economic outcomes.
Gathering evidence of evidence: News aggregation as an epistemological practice:

News aggregation is often presented in opposition to reporting, though the two practices have much in common as journalistic evidence-gathering techniques largely built around quickly pulling toget...
The Economics of Cyber-Insurance

The cyber-insurance market currently is at a nascent stage. According to the German reinsurance company Munich Re, worldwide spending on cyber-insurance was US$3.4–US$4 billion in 2017, which is estimated to increase to US$8–US$9 billion by 2020 ( https://tinyurl.com/ycrwhvlf ). Cyber-insurance premiums currently account for only a tiny fraction of total insurance premiums. For instance, only in OECD economies do total insurance premium exceed US$5 trillion in 2016 ( https://data.oecd.org/insurance/gross-insurance-premiums.htm ).
The Impact of Trauma-Based Training on Educators.

An extensive literature establishing the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their destructive impact over the lifespan has motivated recent efforts to fundamentally alter the educational milieu. One such initiative, entitled “Compassionate Schools,” involves the training of educators in trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive practices, in the hopes of creating scholastic environments more conducive to widespread resilience. Despite encouraging initial reports, few studies have empirically evaluated the impact of Compassionate Schools training on attendees. The current investigation reports the results of two studies. In Study 1, participants completed a questionnaire 6 months after their Compassionate Schools trainings, including items relevant to mindset and behavior change. In Study 2, participants completed the Attitudes Relevant to Trauma Informed Care (ARTIC) scale before and after a Compassionate Schools training. The majority of participants in Study 1 reported enduring changes in mindset and behavior as a result of their trainings, and described those changes in terms consistent with the Compassionate Schools model. ARTIC responses in Study 2 suggested marked trauma-informed attitudinal improvements between pre- and post-training assessments. These data, although preliminary, are consistent with the Compassionate Schools paradigm, and empirically support its promise as a ACEs-informed intervention for educators.
Best practices for disinfection of noncritical environmental surfaces and equipment in health care facilities: A bundle approach

Over the past decade, there is excellent evidence in the scientific literature that contaminated environmental surfaces and noncritical patient care items play an important role in the transmission of several key health care-associated pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Acinetobacter, norovirus, and Clostridium difficile. Thus, surface disinfection of noncritical environmental surfaces and medical devices is one of the infection prevention strategies to prevent pathogen transmission. This article will discuss a bundle approach to facilitate effective surface cleaning and disinfection in health care facilities. A bundle is a set of evidence-based practices, generally 3-5, that when performed collectively and reliably have been proven to improve patient outcomes. This bundle has 5 components and the science associated with each component will be addressed. These components are: creating evidence-based policies and procedures; selection of appropriate cleaning and disinfecting products; educating staff to include environmental services, patient equipment, and nursing; monitoring compliance (eg, thoroughness of cleaning, product use) with feedback (ie, just in time coaching); and implementing a "no touch" room decontamination technology and to ensure compliance for patients on contact and enteric precautions. This article will also discuss new technologies (eg, continuous room decontamination technology) that may enhance our infection prevention strategies in the future.
Demonstration of Teacher Citizenship Behavior (TCB) by School Librarians through Work and Volunteer Service

This paper applies an educator-focused theory of professional behavior to the work of school librarians. The goal was to understand the motivations and dispositions of librarians who choose to perform extra-role work behaviors. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with eight school librarians who actively volunteered with either a regional professional organization or a young adult literature festival. Findings emphasized the reciprocal relationship between participants’ emotional connectedness to the school community with their tendency to voluntarily assist and innovate for the well-being of the organization. Implications include the need for greater mentorship of pre-service librarians as well as additional networking opportunities for practitioners.
Verification of dry storage cask loading using monoenergetic photon sources

Abstract Safeguarding the contents of spent nuclear fuel dry storage casks requires the verification of cask contents, especially if continuity of knowledge has been lost. The high attenuation of the cask’s thick shielding and stored fuel assemblies makes verification difficult using conventional photon radiography. Thomson-scattering quasi-monoenergetic photon sources offer narrow angular and energy spread for increased penetration. This paper demonstrates the advantages of such a source by examining effects of source properties on transmission through thick, highly attenuating objects. This information is then applied to calculations and simulations of transmission for a variety of photon sources and cask configurations. The performance of the source is compared to traditional bremsstrahlung sources and other advanced methods, in the context of typical nuclear fuel dry storage casks. It is shown that the use of a Thomson scattering based quasi-monoenergetic photon source enables determination of fuel assembly occupancies faster and more accurately than other methods.
The Possibility for Stateless Dynastic Wealth and the Case of China

Part I of this paper explains how wealth managers have modified the trust to create the possibility for stateless dynastic wealth. By this I mean wealth that is held by a family through a trust that is established in a haven state to eliminate the power of other states to regulate and oversee transmission and management of wealth and to make it very difficult for courts in another state to levy against wealth on behalf of private creditors. These structures also permit legal tax avoidance if income and wealth is not attributed to family members. And they facilitate tax evasion by not reporting foreign income and wealth. I use the relatively novel structure of a perpetual purpose trust to illustrate. Part II is a case study of China. It draws on multiple sources of information to estimate the potential demand for wealth preservation services in China and the current extent of the use of such services. I selected China as a case study in part because it was in the remit of the conference for which this paper was written, which was sponsored by the Chinese Journal of Comparative Law. This was a happy coincidence. Several factors make China an interesting case study. Private wealth has grown exponentially in China in the last fifty years, creating large potential demand for wealth preservation services. But China has been slow in developing internal legal structures like family trusts that would enable wealth holders in China to preserve wealth using Chinese law and Chinese entities. This creates an incentive to move wealth outside of China in addition to the usual incentives canvassed in Part I. Political risk adds to the incentive to move wealth outside of China. But it seems that relatively little wealth has moved outside of China compared to other wealthy states. Some of this lack of uptake of wealth management services may be attributed to unfamiliarity with such services. I speculate that a significant part can be attributed to restrictions imposed by China on the movement of capital. These restrictions increase the cost of moving capital out of China. This would imply is that there is not strong intrinsic demand for the more exotic services wealth managers can provide, such as the structure described in Part I. This is consistent with the experience in the U.S. where a change in tax law in 1986 is thought to explain an increase in demand for perpetual trusts. If this speculation is correct, then China would expect there to be a significant increase in capital export if it liberalized capital accounts and increased taxes on wealth. And, if the U.S. adopted significant wealth taxes such as have been proposed by some progressive Democrats, then we should expect wealthy individuals to respond by increasing use of structures such as the structure described in Part I.
Polarization independent guided-mode resonance in liquid crystal-based polarization gratings

Polarization independent guided-mode resonance (GMR) in a one-dimensional liquid crystal-based polarization grating is demonstrated. The proposed GMR filter consists of a liquid crystal layer and two glass substrates. The resonance location and bandwidth are investigated through anisotropic rigorous coupled-wave analysis. This type of polarization independent GMR filters also manifest strong electric field enhancements and ultra-narrow spectral bandwidths, offering great potential for applications with unpolarized light sources.
Impact of Primary Site and Era of Diagnosis on Mortality in Patients with Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma in the United States: A Population-Based Study

Introduction: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL) is the most common subtype of MZL. EMZL can affect multiple organs throughout the body, and the management depends on the primary site of involvement and extent of disease. The most common primary site is the stomach, but other sites can be involved including the breasts, eyes, lungs, salivary glands, and skin. The last population-based survival analysis of EZML included follow-up through 2009 (Olszewski and Castillo, 2013). Given the paucity of population-based analyses of EMZL in the contemporary time-period, we sought to provide an updated analysis of disease-specific mortality and site-associated mortality using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-18 database. Method: We included adult patients with EMZL diagnosed between 2000-2017 who were 18-84 years old at the time of diagnosis. We excluded patients with a history of malignancy prior to EMZL, those with missing survival times and those with central nervous system involvement. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on period of diagnosis (era-1: 2000-2008, and era-2: 2009-2017). Five-year relative survival (RS) was estimated using the Pohar-Perme method. The risk of EMZL-specific death was estimated by calculating the cumulative incidence function (CIF). The difference between CIF distributions was tested with the Pepe-Mori test. The competing risks of EMZL-specific death and death from other causes were modeled using Fine and Gray regression. All tests of differences were performed at a two-sided alpha of 0.05. Results: We included a total of 11,597 patients with EMZL. Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics. Among the entire cohort, the median age at diagnosis was 63 years (IQR = 53-72). There was a slight female predominance (55%), and most patients were Non-Hispanic White (65%). Five-year RS was 95% (95% CI = 94-96%) during era-1 and 96% (95-97%) during era-2. There was a significant reduction in the cumulative incidence of EMZL-specific death between era-1 and era-2 (p Conclusion: In this updated population-based analysis of EZML that includes patients treated in the contemporaneous time-period, we found that patients diagnosed with EZML in the most recent era had a significantly better prognosis. Additionally, we noted that the outcomes varied depending on primary site of involvement. Patients with EZMLs involving the GU tract had the worst prognosis, whereas patients with primary sites in the skin and connective tissue had the best prognosis. It is important to study the biology of EMZL involving the GU tract to design better therapeutic options to improve the outcomes. Download : Download high-res image (582KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Epperla: Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Verastem Oncology: Speakers Bureau.
Using multivariate long short-term memory neural network to detect aberrant signals in health data for quality assurance.

Abstract Background The data quality of electronic health records (EHR) has been a topic of increasing interest to clinical and health services researchers. One indicator of possible errors in data is a large change in the frequency of observations in chronic illnesses. In this study, we built and demonstrated the utility of a stacked multivariate LSTM model to predict an acceptable range for the frequency of observations. Methods We applied the LSTM approach to a large EHR dataset with over 400 million total encounters. We computed sensitivity and specificity for predicting if the frequency of an observation in a given week is an aberrant signal. Results Compared with the simple frequency monitoring approach, our proposed multivariate LSTM approach increased the sensitivity of finding aberrant signals in 6 randomly selected diagnostic codes from 75 to 88% and the specificity from 68 to 91%. We also experimented with two different LSTM algorithms, namely, direct multi-step and recursive multi-step. Both models were able to detect the aberrant signals while the recursive multi-step algorithm performed better. Conclusions Simply monitoring the frequency trend, as is the common practice in systems that do monitor the data quality, would not be able to distinguish between the fluctuations caused by seasonal disease changes, seasonal patient visits, or a change in data sources. Our study demonstrated the ability of stacked multivariate LSTM models to recognize true data quality issues rather than fluctuations that are caused by different reasons, including seasonal changes and outbreaks.
Charters, Compacts and Tea Parties: The Decline and Resurrection of a Delegation View of the Constitution

This article seeks to address a gap in constitutional law scholarship: the absence of a systematic examination of the manner in which the contractual nature of the Constitution illuminates the original understanding of the text. By closely examining the historical evidence, I argue that the interpretation of the Constitution has been influenced by dueling conceptions of contractual origin. One view treats the Constitution as a charter that delegates limited and defined authority to the federal government. The second view treats the Constitution as a compact the terms of which reflect a bargain between the federal government and a discrete body public. After discussing the important differences between these two views of the Constitution, the article discusses the manner in which the compact view came to eclipse the delegation view over the course of our nation’s history. However, the article concludes by underscoring the connection between the Tea Party Movement and the values promoted under the delegation view, and suggests that the contemporary public understanding of the Constitution may reflect the re-ascendancy of the delegation view.
DNA origami: the bridge from top to bottom

Conventional top-down nanofabrication, over the last six decades, has enabled almost all the complex electronic, optical and micro-fluidic devices that form the foundation of our society. Parallel efforts, exploring bottom-up self-assembly processes, have also enabled design and synthesis of structures like quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and unique bio-molecules that possess technologically relevant proper- ties unachievable top-down. While both these approaches have independently matured, ongoing efforts to create “hybrid nanostructures” combining both strategies, has been fraught with technical challenges. The main roadblock is the absence of a scalable method to deterministically organize components built bottom-up within top-down nanofabricated structures. In this talk, I will first introduce a directed self-assembly technique that utilizes DNA origami as a molecular adaptor to modularly position, and orient, bottom-up nano-components (like quantum dots, light emitters and proteins) within top-down nanofabricated devices. I will then present experimental results demonstrating the utility of the technique to achieved absolute, arbitrarily scalable, control over the integration of discrete emitters inside optical devices. Finally, I conclude by presenting my vision of how a DNA origami based bridge between top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication can enable a range of highly transformative, and functional, devices. Specifically, I will present data demonstrating arrays of single-photon sources, method for extremely economical nanotexturing as well as a modular molecular interface between biology and solid-state.
Superelasticity and shape memory effect in zirconia nanoparticles

Abstract Superelasticity and shape memory effect are two key properties of zirconia-based ceramics which are mediated by the reversible tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation. Although experimental studies discovered that the shape memory behavior of ceramics can be improved by reducing the grain boundary density, degradation in shape memory response still happens after a few cycles of loading–unloading–heating–cooling. In this work, superelastic and shape memory properties of single crystalline and polycrystalline yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia (YSTZ) nanoparticles are studied by atomistic simulations. Fully recoverable superelastic strain (8.3%) is observed in a single crystalline nanoparticle by merely removing the compressive load. However, the shape memory behavior degrades with the increase of loading–unloading–heating–cooling cycles. In other words, a higher temperature is required for an additional strain recovery, but certain residual displacement may still remain after few cyclic loadings. Amorphous phase formation and its accumulation around the applied load contact area, as well as an increase in surface roughness are responsible for the observed degradation of shape memory response. In a polycrystalline YSTZ nanoparticle, besides the regular reverse transformation at the end of cyclic loading, most amorphous phase transfers back to the original tetragonal structure. However, a small amount of monoclinic phase is restrained by the permanent amorphous phase and grain boundaries at the end of cyclic loading, causing degradation of shape memory behavior.
Direct ethanolic extraction of polar lipids and fractional crystallization from whey protein phospholipid concentrate

Abstract Polar lipids, including sphingomyelin (SM) and other sphingolipids, have nutritional implications in many important metabolic pathways. Milk and whey are valuable sources of these bioactive lipids, differing in SM content compared with other plant-based lecithins in the food industry. Dairy lipids were extracted from whey protein phospholipid concentrate powder by direct exposure to a food-grade solvent, ethanol. A total of 20 mass equivalents of solvent was required to completely recover all lipid material of the original whey protein phospholipid concentrate sample. Using a minimal apparatus, absolute ethanol, and heating to a boiling point, a final total lipid extract composed of 37.7% phospholipids (PL) by mass was achieved. The method was developed with potential pilot-scale and industry application in mind. Investigations into fractional crystallization showed limited success at purifying PL from triglyceride content (
Machine Learning Augmented Hybrid Memory Management

The integration of emerging non volatile memory hardware technologies into the main memory substrate, enables massive memory capacities at a reasonable cost in return for slower access speeds. This heterogeneity, along with the greater irregularity in the behavior of emerging workloads, render existing memory management approaches ineffective. This creates a significant gap between the realized vs. achievable performance and efficiency. At the same time, resource management solutions augmented with machine learning show great promise for fine-tuning system configuration knobs and predicting future behaviors. This thesis builds novel system-level mechanisms and reveals new insights towards the practical integration of machine learning in hybrid memory management. The specific contributions of this thesis is a machine learning augmented memory manager, coupled with insightful mechanisms to reduce the associated learning overheads and fine-tune critical operational parameters. The impact of this thesis is realizing an average of 3x application performance improvements and setting the new state-of-the-art in hybrid memory management.
Information Bottleneck-Based Hebbian Learning Rule Naturally Ties Working Memory and Synaptic Updates

Artificial neural networks have successfully tackled a large variety of problems by training extremely deep networks via back-propagation. A direct application of back-propagation to spiking neural networks contains biologically implausible components, like the weight transport problem or separate inference and learning phases. Various methods address different components individually, but a complete solution remains intangible. Here, we take an alternate approach that avoids back-propagation and its associated issues entirely. Recent work in deep learning proposed independently training each layer of a network via the information bottleneck (IB). Subsequent studies noted that this layer-wise approach circumvents error propagation across layers, leading to a biologically plausible paradigm. Unfortunately, the IB is computed using a batch of samples. The prior work addresses this with a weight update that only uses two samples (the current and previous sample). Our work takes a different approach by decomposing the weight update into a local and global component. The local component is Hebbian and only depends on the current sample. The global component computes a layer-wise modulatory signal that depends on a batch of samples. We show that this modulatory signal can be learned by an auxiliary circuit with working memory (WM) like a reservoir. Thus, we can use batch sizes greater than two, and the batch size determines the required capacity of the WM. To the best of our knowledge, our rule is the first biologically plausible mechanism to directly couple synaptic updates with a WM of the task. We evaluate our rule on synthetic datasets and image classification datasets like MNIST, and we explore the effect of the WM capacity on learning performance. We hope our work is a first-step towards understanding the mechanistic role of memory in learning.
Programming with Effects in Coq

Next-generation programming languages will move beyond simple type systems to include support for formal specifications and mechanically- checked proofs of adherence to those requirements. Already, in the imperative world, languages such as ESC/Java and Spec # integrate Hoare- style pre- and post-conditions into the underlying type system. However, we argue that neither the program logics used in these systems, nor the decision procedures used to discharge verification conditions, are sufficient for establishing deep properties of modular software. In contrast, the Coq proof development environment provides a powerful program logic (CiC) coupled with an extensible, interactive environment that can combine deep insights from humans with automation to discharge deep proof obligations. Unfortunately, the language at the core of Coq is limited to purely functional programming. In the Ynot project, we are attempting to address this problem by extending Coq with a new type constructor (the Hoare-triple type), and a few carefully chosen axioms that can be used to build imperative programs in a style quite close to Haskell . I will report on our progress thus far, both in using Ynot to construct modular, extensible libraries for imperative programs, as well as our new compiler infrastructure for generating efficient code from Ynot programs.
Control of linear time-varying systems based on finite difference method

Growing attention has been devoted to adaptive control of time-varying systems. There exist many approaches to this problem, such as model reference control, variable structure control, and the use of multiple models, switching, or tuning control. However, these methods seem to be too complicated to be widely used in industries and engineering applications. This paper puts forward a simple method for control of a linear time-varying system. Instead of analyzing and controlling the system in the whole time domain, the process is first discretized and in each time step the plant model is then greatly simplified in a way that the desired dynamic and steady response of the system can be achieved. Hence, time-varying systems, which are difficult to control, and which were controlled by the conventional adaptive control method, can be controlled by the new simple method easily and successfully. The algorithm is illustrated and basic steps explained through an example solved at the end of the paper.
Leadership in integrating math, science and technology in the elementary school

The author presents a report of the highlights of a multi-million dollar, NSF-funded, teacher enhancement project entitled Integrating Mathematics, Science, and Technology in the Elementary Schools (MSTE). The primary focus of this presentation is on computer-related instructional models associated with the on-going project.