cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrete soliton-trains in two-dimensional optically-induced photonic lattices

We demonstrate the formation of 2D discrete soliton-trains in a photonic lattice induced with partially coherent light, along with a clear observation of anisotropic behavior of discrete diffraction and discrete self-focusing in the 2D lattice.
Magnetic field shielding concepts for power transmission lines

High current carrying cables used in power transmission lines create strong magnetic fields in their vicinity. For ac lines at 50-60 Hz, the magnetic field is quasi-static and hence uncoupled from the electric field. Shielding of such low frequency magnetic fields is a challenge. In this paper, finite element modeling is used to study the effect of various shield geometries and shield materials around a current carrying wire. Two-dimensional analysis is sufficient for this problem because the cables are very long compared to the wire diameters. Shielding effectiveness, defined as the difference in the magnetic field intensity with and without the shield, is presented. It is concluded that a partial shield is the optimal design for shielding the region below the cable. To achieve this, the shield gap must be oriented above the high current wire.
Characteristics of the Immune Response to Poliovirus Virion Polypeptides After Immunization with Live or Inactivated Polio Vaccines

Groups of infants were immunized with high-potency, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) or live, attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and studied for antibody responses to whole virus and polypeptides VP1, VP2, and VP3. Both vaccines induced neutralizing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG to the whole virus, IgG antibody to VP1 and VP3, and similar secretory IgA to VP1 and VP2 in the nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) without any VP3 response. Virus-specific neutralizing activity in NPS was observed in 70% of subjects receiving OPV and in only 26.7% of subjects receiving IPV. ELISA antibody also appeared to be lower in IPV than in OPV subjects. These observations suggest that specific ELISA antibody to poliovirus virion proteins can be frequently induced in the secretory sites, by OPV as well as by IPV. Neutralizing antibody response in the NPS appeared, however, to be more effectively induced by OPV than by the high-potency IPV.
PP137. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a constant component of eclampsia.

Introduction Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been reported to occur in patients with eclampsia. In both conditions there is evidence to suggest disordered cerebral autoregulation. Objectives We sought to investigate the concurrence of PRES with eclampsia and to describe the associated obstetric, radiologic and critical care correlates. Methods Single center 2001–2010 retrospective cohort study of all patients with eclampsia who underwent neuroimaging via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT) with or without contrast. The medical records of all patients with eclampsia during the study interval were identified, evaluated and extracted for pertinent data; a diagnosis of PRES was made by radiologists using standard criteria. Results Forty-six of forty-seven (97.9%) patients with eclampsia revealed PRES on neuroimaging using one or more modalities: MRI without contrast = 41 (87.2%), MRI with contrast = 27 (57.4%), CT without contrast = 16 (34%), CT with contrast = 7 (14.8%) and/or MRA/MRV = 2 (4.3%). PRES was identified within the parietal (36, 78.3%), occipital (35, 76.1%), frontal (29, 63%), temporal (13, 28.3%) and basal ganglia/ brainstem/cerebellum (12, 26.1%) . Eclampsia occurred antepartum in 23 patients, postpartum in 24 patients with 22 vaginal/25 cesarean deliveries at a mean maternal age of 21.8 years (range 15–39) and a mean gestational age of 33.9 weeks (range 22.4–41.7 weeks). Ethnicity was African–American in 38 patients. Headache was the most common presenting symptom (87.2%) followed by altered mental status (51.1%), visual disturbances (34%) and nausea/vomiting (19.1%). Severe systolic hypertension was present in 22 (47%) of patients.Use of antihypertensives (87%), magnesium sulfate (100%), diuretics (66%) and corticosteroids (50%) facilitated maternal recovery in all cases with usually a brief hospitalization (mean 3.9 days, range 1–20 days). Conclusion The common finding of PRES in patients with eclampsia suggests that PRES may be part of the pathogenesis of eclampsia. We speculate that therapy targeted at prevention or reversal of PRES pathogenesis will prevent or facilitate recovery from eclampsia.
Negative index metamaterial for selective angular separation of microwaves by polarization

Materials with simultaneously negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability are referred to as left handed, and are also called backward wave and double negative media. The first experimental demonstration of such a metamaterial combined metallic split ring resonators with posts etched on opposite sides of dielectric boards. The boards are usually stacked in parallel planes with insulating spacers to form highly anisotropic prisms. We have demonstrated that this anisotropic. prism exhibits both positive and negative refractive indices and can split an incident beam into two components. The positive and negative indices are accessible by the choice of polarization of the electric field. Using an electric field parallel to the posts, negative refraction is observed. Rotating the electric fields 90/spl deg/ yields a positively refracted signal. Intermediate angles of polarization can achieve refraction in both negative and positive directions simultaneously, or the receiver polarization can be chosen to select either signal separately, The values of the positive and negative index and the wedge angle of the prism determine the separation angle of the output beams. This effect has potential application for a unique type of angular beam splitter.
A polyconvex formulation of isotropic elastoplasticity theory

A model of finite-deformation elastoplasticity theory that accommodates finite elastic strain is discussed. This is based on a polyconvex extension of the classical Hookean relation between stress and elastic strain. A framework for the description of scale effects associated with strain hardening is also developed, based on the theory of materially uniform bodies with inhomogeneities.
Thinking is Social Experiments with the Adaptive Culture Model

Robert Axelrod's model of the spread of culture is extended to demonstrate that social interaction can function as an algorithm for optimizing cognition. Mental structures can be represented as str...
Identification in statistical inference

Summary The paper deals with the concept of identification in inferential statistics. At first a general concept of identification is defined and developed. Thereafter, the general theory is applied to univariate linear regression and simultaneous equation systems. Finally, attention is paid to models with lagged variables and some new related problems are suggested.
THE EVOLUTION OF INSECT MATING STRUCTURES THROUGH SEXUAL SELECTION

Mating structures are of interest to a wide range of biologists because, in many taxa, mating structures are incredibly diverse and range widely in elaboration even between closely related species. As a result of this diversity, mating structures have been useful in species identification. Historically, the evolution of diverse mating structures has been attributed to post-zygotic selection for pre-zygotic isolation to avoid production of hybrid offspring. More recently, sexual selection has been proposed as an alternative explanation for the rapid diversification of mating structures. Mating structures could diversify between populations through sexual selection if sexual selection acted differently on mating structures in different populations. Eberhard (1985) wrote a comprehensive book explaining how sexual selection could result in the diversification of mating structures and providing examples to support the hypothesis, but none of the examples were experimental tests of the hypothesis. Since 1985, a few studies have experimentally tested this hypothesis. However, there have been no empirical studies that connect intraspecific selection with interspecific diversification. In this paper, I review the reproductive isolation and sexual selection hypotheses and two recent experimental tests of the sexual selection hypothesis. Then, I provide a description of a system that may allow one to establish a connection between sexual selection on mating structures within a species and diversification of mating structures between species.
Late-Pregnancy Bleeding

1. Initial assessment of late-pregnancy bleeding is designed to identify potential placenta previa and abruptio placentae. 2. No manual or speculum examination should be performed until placenta previa has been ruled out. 3. Placenta previa is an absolute contraindication to vaginal delivery. 4. Placenta previa and abruptio placentae are obstetrical emergencies and require rapid assessment and management. 5. Initial management of placenta previa and abruptio placentae is directed toward ensuring hemodynamic stability and safe delivery.
Innovative Practices in Teaching and Learning

Despite the efforts aiming for attaining quality in Technical Education, Academic Institutions still has a challenge in producing competent Engineering graduates. It is the responsibility of Academic providers and other stake holders to support the process of providing skill based education through innovative practices blending classroom teaching augmented by e-learning resources, high importance to applying the concepts learnt through project works, In-Housing training programme. Affirmative step towards student centered learning shall be encouraged. Project based learning will strengthen technical skills and thereby adding quality in Technical Education. Even distribution of theoretical and practical knowledge is essential to bridge academic-industry gaps. This paper discusses about the need for quality education, approaches that can encourage quality, skills in imparting knowledge.
The Wsh, W57, and Ph Kit expression mutations define tissue-specific control elements located between -23 and -154 kb upstream of Kit

The Kit and PDGFRa receptor tyrosine kinases are encoded in close proximity at the murine white spotting (W) and patch (Ph) loci. Whereas W mutations affect hematopoiesis, melanogenesis, and gametogenesis, the Ph mutation affects melanogenesis and causes early lethality in homozygotes. The W(sh), W(57), and Ph mutations diminish Kit expression in certain cell types such as mast cells and enhance it in others. The W(sh), W(57), and Ph mutations arose from deletions and inversions affecting sequences in between the Kit and PDGFRa genes. We have determined the precise location of the breakpoint of the W(sh) inversion and the endpoints of the W(57) deletion upstream of the Kit transcription start site and examined the effect of these mutations on Kit expression in mast cells and hematopoietic stem cells and lineage progenitors. Our results indicate that positive elements controlling Kit expression in mast cells mapping in between -23 and -154 kb from the transcription start site can be dissociated from negative elements controlling Kit misexpression during embryonic development in the vicinity of the PDGFRa gene. In addition, we have identified two clusters of hypersensitive sites in mast cells at -23 -28 kb and -147 -154 kb from the Kit gene transcription start site. Analysis of these hypersensitive sites in mutant mast cells indicates a role for HS4-6 in Kit expression in mast cells. These findings provide a molecular basis for the phenotype of these Kit expression mutations and they provide insight into the complex mechanisms governing the regulation of Kit expression.
The Nature of Risk and Its Relationship to Coping Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Objective: The present study added to the literature on coping with intimate partner violence by empirically testing a complex theoretical framework. Specifically, we examined the relationship between risk and coping among survivors of intimate partner violence by operationalizing and applying Hamby and Gray-Little’s risk-based coping model. Method: Participants consisted of 142 female adults recruited from the Domestic Violence Intake Center in an urban court system. All participants had come to the intake center following the arrest of a current or former intimate partner. The study draws from a program evaluation that collected data from these women at intake and then at 3-month intervals over the following year. Results: Latent class analyses indicated that women in the sample could be categorized into three groups that fit with Hamby and Gray-Little’s model. Further analyses did not confirm the hypothesis that overall risk predicts specific type of coping (private or public). Conclusion: Results of the study suggest that risk is a multifaceted, nuanced construct worthy of further exploration, and that particular variables (the presence of children, the experience of sexual violence) are important contextual factors to include in conceptions of risk.
Role of polarity of the distal pocket in the control of inhibitor binding in dehaloperoxidase-hemoglobin.

Dehaloperoxidase (DHP A), a unique multifunctional enzyme, from the marine annelid Amphitrite ornata dehalogenates 2,4,6-tribromophenol to form 2,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone. The catalytic cycle of ...
GENETICS OF LUPINUS. X. GENETIC VARIABILITY, HETEROZYGOSITY AND OUTCROSSING IN COLONIAL POPULATIONS OF LUPINUS SUCCULENTUS.

The founder effect proposed by Mayr (1942) postulates a high degree of genetic uniformity in colonial populations because they are founded by a limited number of colonizers. These few founders can only bring a fraction of the total genetic variation from the parent population. Consequently, descendant populations contain fewer genes until replenished by subsequent mutation or migration. Baker (1965) has discussed the characteristics that would be advantageous to a colonizing species. He suggests that self-compatibility but not necessarily obligatory self-pollination is one characteristic. Stebbins (1957) argues that self-fertilization is advantageous during colonization because plants adapted to temporary habitats must quickly build up a large population and the most efficient strategy would be the self-fertilization of a well adapted homozygous initial colonizer. Allard (1965) observes that the great majority of successful colonizers share a mating system involving predominant selffertilization. However, previous reports on Lupinus succulentus have suggested that genetic variability in populations from disturbed sites is as high or higher than genetic variability in populations from undisturbed sites (Harding and Mankinen, 1971, 1972). Heterozygosity in colonial populations of L. succulentus must be examined to determine if colonial populations of L. succulentus fit the pattern of normal Mendelian populations. Outcrossing rates for L. succulentus must be examined to determine if this species utilizes the adaptive strategies postulated for colonizing species. The purpose of this study is to estimate levels of heterozygosity, outcrossing rates, relative fitness values, and linkage disequilibria for the S/s and D/d loci for 35 populations of L. succule.ntus. The regressions between outcrossing and gene frequency, betv-een outcrossing and heterozygosity, and between outcrossing and fitness values are estimated and tested.
Prediction of wake-vortex flow in the near- and intermediate-fields behind wings

To date, most flow prediction of the wake-vortex flowfield model the intermediate-wake where the vortex has been assumed to have completed its roll-up process and is well established. However, it is equally important to accurately predict the near-wake region for improved drag prediction. This study explores the validity of modeling the nearand intermediate wake region behind wings with a simplified Navier-Stokes equations. As possible candidates, the Navier-Stokes equations simplified by invoking the ideal-wake assumption, and using the velocity/vorticity formulation and the stream function/vorticity formulation were studied. Several acceleration techniques were also investigated including the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. To serve as proof of concept two analytical vortices, the perturbed vortex, and the three-dimensional steady Burgers vortex were investigated. The efficiency and the accuracy of these methods are reported and discussed. Finally, comparison with some measured data are presented. Results of the model equations and of the full Navier-Stokes equations are presented and discussed. List of Symbols AR = Aspect Ratio b = wingspan, or unit length scale Cr = = 0.5/(r/fo) c = wing chordlength L = overall lift on wing M = preconditioning matrix P = direction vector Re = Reynolds Number P = residual = Ai £ rc = core radius of vortex This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and therefore is in the public domain. S = wing planform area, ft t= time u,v,w = velocity components in the x,y,z direction U^ freestream velocity x>e = circumferential velocity x = downstream distance from wing x = unknown vector z = preconditioned vector T = circulation p = density V = stream function v = kinematic viscosity v ,, = effective kinematic viscosity (fl[,<B2,(G3 = vorticity components in the x,y,z directions Subscripts g = wake-generating model t = time x,y,z = streamwise, crosswise directions Superscripts n = iteration level
Deficits in recognition of random shapes with changed visual fields

Four random shapes were presented twice to each of 96 Ss under monocular viewing. Two shapes were presented to the left visual field and two to the right. In the test series, including control shapes, Ss experienced significant difficulty in recognizing those shapes which had been changed from one visual field to the other.
Screening and Optimization of Carbohydrases and Proteases for Protein Extraction from Heat-Stabilized Defatted Rice Bran

Sequential uses of carbohydrases and proteases were evaluated for maximum protein extraction from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran (HDRB). Combined use of Pectinase P-Ⅱ and Protease P extracted the highest amounts of protein (80%) among the varying combinations. The conditions for Pectinase P-Ⅱ and Protease P were optimized with response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for Pectinase P-Ⅱ were: water to bran ratio 20:1, pH 3.55, 3346.3 units, and 59.8 oC, time 4.33 h; and for Protease P were water to bran ratio 20:1, pH 10, 22138 units, 45 oC, and time 3.1 h. Under these conditions, 89.6% protein was extracted experimentally. Furthermore, data were also processed with Hsu's MCB test for the maximum and minimum values of protein extraction. The results suggest that sequential use of carbohydrase and protease can maximally increase the extracted protein from HDRB.
Bio-inspired directional sensor with piezoelectric microfiber and helical electrodes:

Inspired by the hair cells of vertebrates and aquatics, we proposed a hair sensor design that mimics the directionality and linearity of hair cells. The sensor promotes a novel use of piezoelectric...
Digital Buddies: Parasocial Interactions and Relationships in Social Media Communities

Social media communities provide its members to connect socially and parasocially. Whereas social interactions and relationships require reciprocity, parasocial interactions and relationships are one-sided in nature and create an illusion of intimacy at a distance (Horton and Wohl 1956). Nevertheless, they share the same characteristics as social interactions and are considered to be an extension of real social behavior rather than replacing them (Cohen 2004, 2009; Giles 2002; Klimmt et al. 2006). This study focuses its inquiries on these parasocial interactions and relationships (PSI/PSR) in social media communities. Although PSI/PSR is a widely studied area in communication and psychology literatures, the concepts have not attracted much attention from marketing scholars (cf. Labrecque 2014). This study contributes to the marketing literature on social media communities by investigating online personal accounts in reference to PSI/PSR research. For this, the study adopts a grounded theory methodology (Glaser and Strauss 1967) triangulating netnographic data (Kozinets 2002) with data from in-depth interviews. For the systematic organization, analysis, and interpretation of the triangulated data, the study utilizes Cohen’s (1999) BASIC IDS framework for dimensional qualitative research (DQR), which was introduced as a sophisticated psychological research tool for qualitative marketing studies. This results in an integrative framework that theorizes PSI/PSR in social media communities, crafting an empirical exploration of PSI/PSR in relation to their dynamics in online personal accounts. Furthermore, in relation to methodological advancement, it contributes to the application of DQR in marketing studies by extending it to bridge with netnography principles.
Disciplinarity Through Discourse

In “Disciplinarity Through Discourse,” scholarly journals, organizational websites, and blogs are analyzed for how they construct the contact zone that connects local writing centers and the traditional academic community. Individually, Monty argues, text-based discourses and the organizations they represent cannot depict the full complexity of Writing Center Studies (WCS). However, when viewed as part of a larger discursive system, a substantial disciplinary foundation is established. This chapter identifies key characteristics of writing center discourses: support and structure, traditional yet progressive, a global networked community, and inclusion and collaboration. Through ecology of these identifications, disciplinary place is more firmly established within the context of a national higher education system.
Analysis on outdoor test of PV module's I-V characters

Outdoor test approach of PV modules is different from the one in laboratory and necessary for the performance evaluating of PV modules in outdoor working environment. There are mainly three kind outdoor test approaches of PV modules, offline test approach, online test approach and mobile laboratory approach. The principle and application of the three test approaches are analyzed, and the test accuracy comparison are carried out through test results on same one PV module.
Patients With Failed Prior Two-Stage Exchange Have Poor Outcomes After Further Surgical Intervention.

Abstract Background Failure of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty for the management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a major clinical challenge. There is a paucity of information regarding the outcomes of further surgical intervention in these patients. Thus, we aim to report the clinical outcomes of subsequent surgery for a failed prior 2-stage exchange arthroplasty. Methods Our institutional database was used to identify 60 patients (42 knees and 18 hips), with a failed prior 2-stage exchange, who underwent further surgical intervention between 1998 and 2012, and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. A retrospective review was performed to extract relevant clinical information, including mortality, microbiology, and subsequent surgeries. Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria were used to define PJI, and treatment success was defined using Delphi criteria. Results Irrigation and debridement (ID 56.8% subsequently failed. Forty patients underwent an intended second 2-stage exchange; 6 cases required a spacer exchange. Reimplantation occurred only in 65% of cases, and 61.6% had infection controlled. The 14 cases that were not reimplanted resulted in 6 retained spacers, 5 amputations, 2 PJI-related mortalities, and 1 arthrodesis. Conclusion Further surgical intervention after a failed prior 2-stage exchange arthroplasty has poor outcomes. Although I&D has a high failure rate, many patients who are deemed candidates for a second 2-stage exchange either do not undergo reimplantation or fail after reimplantation. The management of PJI clearly remains imperfect, and there is a dire need for further innovations that may improve the care of these patients.
Turbid-harbor demonstration of transceiver technologies for wide dynamic range undersea laser communications

Undersea laser communications represent a promising area of research with a large set of applications. Wide dynamic range receivers are necessary to operate through a range of possible water qualities and link distances. In the signal-starved regime, photon-counting photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are a key technology for high-sensitivity communications. When more signal is available, linear avalanche photodiodes (APDs) provide an opportunity for higher-rate communication. We have designed a receiver terminal employing both kinds of detectors to show robust operation over nearly two orders of magnitude in power and data rate. An optical link including this receiver terminal was submerged in Narragansett Bay, RI to demonstrate underwater optical communication over several days. The PMT receiver demonstrated robust, error-free performance over channel rates from 1.302 Mbaud to 10.416 Mbaud for received optical power levels ranging from −84.1 dBm to −75.3 dBm. The PMT link demonstrated an error-free user rate of 8.68 Mb/s. This corresponded to nearly-ideal detector efficiency on the order of one detected photon per bit. The PMT receiver was contained entirely within the submerged enclosure and demonstrated full real-time decoding, including strong forward error correction. A low-power transmitter was used to demonstrate a link with loss equivalent to 18 extinction lengths. With moderately-powered transmitters, this distance could be extended to 22.4 extinction lengths. The PMT receiver was capable of operating at near-theoretical limits during the day and night. Its multi-rate operation demonstrated the capability of trading sensitivity for data rate efficiently. With the same low-power transmitter, the APD receiver achieved a bit error rate less than 1×10−9 at 125 Mbaud. Furthermore, it achieved an error rate correctable by forward error correction for a link with loss equivalent to 9 extinction lengths.
Genitourinary sarcoidosis: An essential review for the practicing clinician.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that commonly involves the lungs, but may also present with extrapulmonary manifestations. Genitourinary (GU) tract involvement has been traditionally thought to be rare, but that view may underestimate the true prevalence of the disease due to the often, silent presentation thereof. Methods: The literature pertaining to sarcoidosis from the general systemic point of view, etiology and therapy and with regard to specific organs was reviewed by identifying key words in a PubMed search. That material with special relevance to the Indian experience was emphasized. Results: There are a number of isolated case reports in the literature describing symptomatic and asymptomatic GU tract sarcoidosis. The world literature associated with the generalized syndrome was reviewed and summarized. Specific aspects of GU involvement are presented for each organ of the GU tract. Conclusions: It is critical for the practicing clinician to have a working knowledge of the clinical manifestations of this disease as it involves the GU tract, as well as to be able to distinguish it from tuberculosis and the various malignancies that affect this organ system.
Healthcare Costs and Medication Adherence Among Patients with Fibromyalgia: Combination Medication vs. Duloxetine, Milnacipran, Venlafaxine, and Pregabalin Initiators.

Objective To examine medication adherence and healthcare costs for combination prescription initiators (duloxetine/milnacipran/venlafaxine with pregabalin) vs. monotherapy initiators (duloxetine, milnacipran, venlafaxine, and pregabalin) among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Methods Our retrospective cohort study used claims data for the South Carolina Blue Cross Blue Shield State Health Plan (SHP). Patients with FMS ≥ 18 years of age, with prescription initiation from July 1, 2007, through June 30, 2010, and SHP enrollment for 12 months pre- and post-index periods were included (combination: n = 100; pregabalin: n = 665; duloxetine: n = 713; milnacipran: n = 131; venlafaxine: n = 272). Medication adherence measures included high adherence (medication possession ratio ≥ 80%) and total supply days. Healthcare costs comprised direct medical expenditures. Propensity score methods of inverse probability of treatment weights were used to control for selection bias due to differing pre-index characteristics. Results Odds ratios for high adherence were significantly increased (P < 0.05) among the combination cohort vs. the venlafaxine (2.15), duloxetine (1.39), and pregabalin (2.20) cohorts. Rate ratios for total supply days were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for combination vs. venlafaxine (1.23), duloxetine (1.08), and pregabalin (1.32) cohorts. Expenditures for total health care were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for combination vs. duloxetine ($26,291 vs. $17,190), milnacipran ($33,638 vs. $22,886), and venlafaxine ($26,586 vs. $16,857) cohorts. Conclusions Medication adherence was considerably better for combination prescription initiators; however, expenditures for total health care were higher. Still, our findings suggest important clinical benefits with the use of combination prescription therapy, and prospective studies of medication adherence are warranted to examine causal relationships with outcomes not captured by healthcare claims databases.
Application of Self-Organization Principles to System Control

Abstract Recently, Self-Organization has been introduced into Smart Production Systems as a new paradigm. In this paper, we will analyze self-organization principles and distributed processing concepts and their applicability to Production Systems so as to gain more flexibility and reactivity. These concepts are strongly linked with autonomy and self-organized networks and they have been successfully implemented in flexible shops. We will briefly analyze results obtained for complex assemblies in Electronics. Even if some problems remain about the control of these concepts, these approaches are promising and would be of highest interest for software engineering and manufacturing engineering people.
Development of Helical circular coils for wireless through-metal inductive power transfer

We present the design and fabrication of Helical circular coils for an inductive power transfer (IPT) system through a sealed metal container. By co-axially aligning a pair of the Helical coils, the wireless IPT channel is formed for energy transfer without any physical penetrations. Power measurement results demonstrate that the helical coil-IPT system achieves a measured power efiiciency of ∼4 % that is eight times better than conventional IPT system using solenoid circular coils.
Design of Virtualization Framework to Detect Cyber Threats in Linux Environment

In today's software and systems environments, security frameworks and models are evolving exponentially. Many traditional host-based frameworks are currently available to detect cyber threats in Linux environment. But there have been many challenges in detecting rootkits that modify the Linux Operating System (OS) kernel to avoid detection. These limitations have lead us to design a virtualization framework for detection of cyber threats in Linux environment. Instead of relying on the Linux Operating System kernel which is now a common victim of cyber-attacks, this virtualization framework will rely on the virtual machine hypervisor which is a more secure software layer that runs the OS kernel and the hardware. The paper proposed a virtualization framework based on well-known hypervisors, to detect cyber threats. The proposed work allowed for a more robust cyber threat detection method than traditional host-based frameworks. It can also possess self-healing properties since it will not only detect compromised servers but also suspend their operation by replacing them with uncompromised versions. This innovative framework promises to secure large scale IT infrastructure with minimum maintenance cost.
Where is the magnetic energy for the expansion phase of auroral substorms accumulated? 2. The main body, not the magnetotail

It is suggested that the magnetosphere tries to stabilize itself by quickly unloading the magnetic energy accumulated within its main body, when the accumulated magnetic energy exceeds a limited amount, which can be identified as the energy for the expansion phase. It is this process which manifests as the impulsive expansion phase, during which auroral arcs advance well beyond the pre-substom latitude in the midnight sector. It was shown in the previous paper [Akasofu, 2013] that the magnetotail does not have enough magnetic energy for a medium substom (energy 5x1015J; AE = 1000 nT). In this paper, it is shown: (1) The reason of the short life-time (1-1.5 hours) of the expansion phase is due to the fact that a limited amount of magnetic energy accumulated during the growth phase is dissipated in a period similar to the duration of the growth phase (1-1.5 hours); the accumulation rate is similar to the dissipation rate during the expansion phase: (2) When the main body of the magnetosphere accumulates the magnetic energy, it is inflated; β (= [nkT/ B2/8π]) even at XGSM = -6 Re becomes close to 1.0 for magnetic energy (2.9x 1014J) which is less than the amount consumed by a medium intensity substorm. (3) As a result, the plasma sheet current and thus the magnetosphere are expected to become unstable, unloading the accumulated excess magnetic energy and resulting in current reduction and deflation. (4) The resulting deflation can cause an earthward electric field of 5-50 mV/m, which can generate Bostrom's current system, which is mainly responsible in producing various phenomena of the expansion phase. (5) The large range of substorm intensity (AE=100 - 2000 nT) is likely to be due to the location where the energy is accumulated, closer is the distance to the earth (XGSM between -10 Re and -4 Re), more intense the substorm intensity is.
A Few Miscellaneous Topics

This chapter could easily be the basis for a second volume. Here we treat the work of Christ/Geller on the structure of H p functions, we treat the ideas of Nagel/Stein about new approach regions for the Fatou theory, we talk about H1 and BMO, we describe the atomic theory of Hardy spaces, and we discuss square functions.
Etomidate for intravenous induction of anaesthesia

Das pharmakologische Wissen um die derzeit verfugbaren i.v.-Induktionshypnotika bildet die Grundlage der taglichen Arbeit des Anasthesisten. Nebenwirkungen ihres Gebrauchs mussen antizipiert und adaquat behandelt werden. Jahrzehntelange Erfahrungen haben zu theoretischen Anforderungen an das ideale Narkosemittel mit bestmoglichem Nebenwirkungsprofil gefuhrt. In Ermangelung dieses optimalen Induktionshypnotikums bedarf es der wohlbedachten Auswahl eines oder einer Kombination von Narkosemitteln, um der jeweiligen Risikokonstellation des Patienten gerecht zu werden. Wahrend sich Propofol uber die vergangenen 3 Dekaden zunehmender Anwendungshaufigkeit erfreut und in zahlreichen Kliniken als „Goldstandard“ gilt, findet sich mit Thiopental, abgesehen von dessen Eliminationskinetik, eine beachtenswerte Alternative. Ferner stehen mit Etomidat und Ketamin Substanzen mit gunstigem hamodynamischen Profil zur Verfugung. Midazolam als kurz wirksames Benzodiazepin rundet das Spektrum ab.
Acute pseudogout of the foot following Parathyroidectomy: a case report

The current case report is the first in the literature to report the association between parathyroidectomy and an episode of probable pseudogout in the foot in a patient with diabetes mellitus. The authors present a case of pseudogout of the left foot following a subtotal parathyroidectomy in an 80-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus and primary hyperparathyroidism. Pseudogout, also known as calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate deposition disease, is an unusual metabolic sequela following parathyroidectomy. Pseudogout attacks have been noted in the immediate post-operative period following parathyroidectomy, but has rarely been identified in the foot. The diagnosis was challenging and there were multiple differential diagnoses that were entertained in this case. This case illustrates the importance of reviewing the surgical history as there might be a link between the previous surgeries and current foot problems. This case also serves as a reminder of the importance of calcium and phosphate metabolism in podiatric health. Most specifically it demonstrates again the association of pseudogout and parathyroidectomy in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Although a rare occurrence, it is an important reminder that metabolic imbalances of calcium levels can manifest in any bone.
Store profitability and public policies to improve food access in non-metro U.S. counties

Abstract Access to affordable and nutritious food is a widely-debated public policy issue in the U.S. In non-metro (including semi-urban and rural) U.S. areas, poor food access is mostly the result of lack of food stores, and in particular the absence of large ones (e.g., full-line groceries or superstores). Any policy designed to improve food access in non-metro U.S. areas should recognize that improving stores’ profitability is crucial to policy success in the long-run. We adapt an empirical entry model to assess the effectiveness of two types of policies to improve food access – demand-stimulating policies (DSP), such as increases in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program dollars, and supply-side policies (SSP), such as subsidies to reduce establishment costs – by estimating the minimum market size needed for one or more large food stores in non-metro U.S. counties to be profitable. We find that neither type of intervention is preferred a priori and that the cost-effectiveness of each policy type depends upon the presence of an adjacent metropolitan county, the number of pre-existing stores, and the duration of the demand-side stimuli. Additionally, our results suggest that the cost-effectiveness of broad-based policy solutions to improve physical access to large food stores or to stimulate demand may be limited when it comes to easing entry in areas with multiple stores.
Exact recovery of sparse signals from binary measurements

In this paper we propose a new fast single-pass algorithm for sparse signal recovery by using binary measurement matrices that achieves exact recovery of sparse vectors. This algorithm is therefore superior to algorithms based on l 1 -norm minimization, and methods based on expander graphs (which require multiple iterations and have lower accuracy). Our method is able to exactly recover a sparse signal from a few measurements and the number of measurements is the lowest amongst all methods that use binary measurement matrices.
Biomimetic Generation and Remodeling of Phospholipid Membranes by Dynamic Imine Chemistry

Biomimetic liposomes have a wide array of applications in several areas, ranging from medicinal chemistry to synthetic biology. Due to their biocompatibility and biological relevance, there is particular interest in the formation of synthetic phospholipid vesicles and the development of methods to tune their properties in a controlled manner. However, while true biological membranes are capable of responding to environmental stimuli by enzymatically remodeling their composition, synthetic liposomes are typically static once formed. Herein we report the chemoselective reaction of the natural amine-containing lysosphingomyelin with a series of long-chain aldehydes to form imines. This transformation results in the formation of phospholipid liposomes that are in dynamic equilibrium with the aldehyde–amine form. The reversibility of the imine linkage is exploited in the synthesis of vesicles that are capable of responding to external stimuli such as temperature or the addition of small molecules.
A ranking approach to pronoun resolution

We propose a supervised maximum entropy ranking approach to pronoun resolution as an alternative to commonly used classification-based approaches. Classification approaches consider only one or two candidate antecedents for a pronoun at a time, whereas ranking allows all candidates to be evaluated together. We argue that this provides a more natural fit for the task than classification and show that it delivers significant performance improvements on the ACE datasets. In particular, our ranker obtains an error reduction of 9.7% over the best classification approach, the twin-candidate model. Furthermore, we show that the ranker offers some computational advantage over the twin-candidate classifier, since it easily allows the inclusion of more candidate antecedents during training. This approach leads to a further error reduction of 5.4% (a total reduction of 14.6% over the twin-candidate model).
Cellular manufacturing system design: A holistic approach

Abstract A systematic approach to the design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems is described. The design methodology, which incorporates several widely accepted design axioms, is divided into four phases; analysis, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. In the analysis phase, part-feature/process data are analyzed to identify part families. Abstract concepts, initially conceived in the conceptual design phase, are developed and refined in an iterative manner into concrete proposals in the embodiment design phase. The purpose of the Detailed Design Phase is to finalize all specifications and dimensional details of the selected “best” design from the embodiment phase. Emphasis was centered on the embodiment design phase for which a five stage approach was developed. Consistently good results were obtained when the methodology was applied to three case scenarios representing varying levels of system complexity. The methodology is intended for use by manufacturing system designers and engineers.
Focus replay debugging effort on the control plane

Replay debugging systems enable the reproduction and debugging of non-deterministic failures in production application runs. However, no existing replay system is suitable for datacenter applications like Cassandra, Hadoop, and Hypertable. On these large scale, distributed, and data intensive programs, existing replay methods either incur excessive production recording overheads or are unable to provide high fidelity replay. In this position paper, we hypothesize and empirically verify that control plane determinism is the key to record-efficient and high-fidelity replay of datacenter applications. The key idea behind control plane determinism is that debugging does not always require a precise replica of the original application run. Instead, it often suffices to produce some run that exhibits the original behavior of the control-plane-the application code responsible for controlling and managing data flow through a datacenter system.
Using the RE-AIM Framework in Formative Evaluation/Planning of a Mobile Prehospital Telestroke Intervention in an Urban Setting: Pilot Data for the Prehospital Rapid Evaluation via Ambulance Lead Emergency Remote Telemedicine (PRE-ALERT) Study (P1.212)

Objective: Identify prominent themes to be considered when planning a mobile prehospital telestroke intervention using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Background: Mobile pre hospital telestroke presents a novel solution to improve stroke diagnosis and reduce treatment times. Design/Methods: Participants: 29 Healthcare providers and community members participated in the focus groups and 5 healthcare personnel and administrators participated in the informal interviews. Methods: 5 focus groups were performed, with 4 to 8 participants each. 5 informal interviews were also conducted via telephone. Participants included community members, EMS providers, physicians and healthcare administrators. Questions for both the focus groups and interviews were developed using the RE-AIM framework which examines reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance at individual and organizational levels. The focus groups lasted 45–75 minutes. Informal interviews lasted 20–45 minutes. Recordings from focus groups and interviews were transcribed verbatim and then coded individually by two qualitative data analysis experts. The researchers used open coding to develop major themes and axial coding to connect major themes together. Results: General strengths include equipment quality, features, and functionality; improvement of patient-provider experiences and outcomes; and applications to other areas of healthcare. Challenges and limitations include equipment attributes and performance; processes and protocols; location; individual patient and provider characteristics; and agency resources. Some keys to moving forward include community outreach and education; healthcare provider buy-in with both hospital and prehospital staff; organizational buy-in with cost reduction and statistical evidence of improved outcomes; and sustainability of the equipment and protocols. Conclusions: This study reveals the benefits of formative research using a systematic process. The results will be used to develop an implementation plan promoting optimal reach, effectiveness, adaptation, implementation and maintenance of a mobile prehospital telestroke intervention. Study Supported by: National Institutes of Health (NS 4269) and the National Institutes of Health through VCU Center for Translation Science (grant 1UL1RR031990-01) VCU Dean’s Enchancement Award Disclosure: Dr. Stockner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Habtamu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seelam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sridhar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gormley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brown has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brown has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chapman has nothing to disclose.
Cardiac Valvular Disorders: Introduction

1. Valvular heart lesions during pregnancy are classified according to valve location (i.e., aortic, mitral, etc.), valve defect (i.e., stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse, etc.), severity (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, etc.), and maternal and fetal risk (Table 31.1). 2. Stenotic valvular heart disease is less tolerated than regurgitant disease and is characterized by valve area (cm2) and mean pressure gradient (mmHg) measured with echocardiography or cardiac catheterization [1]. (a) Aortic stenosis disease severity: Normal—valve area 3.0–4.0 cm2, mean gradient 0 mmHg Mild—valve area 1.5–3.0 cm2, mean gradient <25 mmHg Moderate—valve area 1.0–1.5 cm2, mean gradient 25–40 mmHg Severe—valve area 40 mmHg (b) Mitral stenosis disease severity: Normal—valve area 4.0–6.0 cm2, mean gradient 0 mmHg Mild—valve area 1.5–4.0 cm2, mean gradient <5 mmHg Moderate—valve area 1.0–1.5 cm2, mean gradient 5–10 mmHg Severe—valve area 10 mmHg
Active subspace-based dimension reduction for chemical kinetics applications with epistemic uncertainty

Abstract We focus on an efficient approach for quantification of uncertainty in complex chemical reaction networks with a large number of uncertain parameters and input conditions. Parameter dimension reduction is accomplished by computing an active subspace that predominantly captures the variability in the quantity of interest (QoI). In the present work, we compute the active subspace for a H2/O2 mechanism that involves 19 chemical reactions, using an efficient iterative strategy. The active subspace is first computed for a 19-parameter problem wherein only the uncertainty in the pre-exponents of the individual reaction rates is considered. This is followed by the analysis of a 36-dimensional case wherein the activation energies and initial conditions are also considered uncertain. In both cases, a 1-dimensional active subspace is observed to capture the uncertainty in the QoI, which indicates enormous potential for efficient statistical analysis of complex chemical systems. In addition, we explore links between active subspaces and global sensitivity analysis, and exploit these links for identification of key contributors to the variability in the model response.
Of What Remains

Is it better or worse to know that something remains of our past once dementia robs us of our present?