cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
U.v.-vis-n.i.r. studies of Fe(II)-A zeolite

U.v.-vis-n.i.r. spectroscopy was used to identify the consecutive formation of hydrated octahedral, tetrahedral monoaquo, and trigonal bare Fe(II) species during the dehydration of Fe(II)-A zeolite. The amount of residual water was determined simultaneously using near-infrared water vibration bands. The adsorption of NO probe molecules proved the accessibility of the surface trigonal iron sites. The resulting optical spectrum indicated the formation of a mononitrosyl [Fe(I)-NO+] complex. Upon contact with O2 at 700 K, the ferrous ions of Fe(II)-A were oxidized to ferric species, consuming about one oxygen atom per two iron cations. Upon subsequent reduction with H2, CH4, or CO at 600–700 K, most of the Fe cations were reduced back to surface trigonal Fe(II) species, while a smaller fraction was converted to amorphous ferrous species. These amorphous oxidic species exhibited a higher redox activity than that of the surface trigonal Fe cations.
Cytology of budding in Mucor rouxii: Wall ontogeny

The budding process of the yeast form of Mucor rouxii was examined by electron microscopy of thin sections with particular reference to wall ontogeny. In most instances the bud wall is seen as a continuation of the inner layers of the parent cell wall. As the bud emerges it ruptures the outer layers of the parent wall. The bud wall is much thinner than the parent wall and remains so while the bud grows into a sphere of about one half the diameter of the parent cell. Then a septum begins to form centripetally, at the neck, by invagination of the plasmalemma. Before the neck canal is completely occuluded, electron-dense wall material is deposited into the septum space. Two separate septum walls are deposited, one on the parent side and one on the bud side of the invaginating plasmalemma. Septum wall formation extends to the surrounding neck walls. In this manner, the parent and bud cytoplasms become fully separated and each is surrounded by a continuous wall. The two cells remain attached to each other by the original neck wall; eventually, the bud abscisses leaving a birth scar on the bud cell and a more pronounced bud scar on the parent cell. In general, the mechanism of budding in this zygomycetous fungus resembles that of an ordinary ascomycetous yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Studies of platelets from patients with the grey platelet syndrome

The grey platelet syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a marked decrease or absence of alpha-granules and of platelet-specific alpha-granule proteins. By utilizing platelets from two patients with this syndrome, we here demonstrate that the initial response of human platelets to alpha-thrombin does not require the presence of alpha-granules nor the effective release of their constituents. Furthermore, these platelets respond to thrombin with a normal, dose-dependent membrane potential change, and a normal secondary release of diS-C3-(5) thought to be released in parallel with beta-glucuronidase from the lysosomal granules. These results give new insight into the initial steps in the thrombin response of normal platelets.
The Role of the Church in Providing Services for the Aging

We examined the responsiveness of churches and synagogues to the aging of their members. Employing a sample of 212 churches and synagogues, we described the availability of church-based aging programs, factors related to their development, linkages between churches and community agencies, and the clergy's perception of unmet needs among older persons. Overall, churches that offered more church-based aging programs were those that envisioned their role as encompassing the social needs of members. The percentage of older persons in the congregation was unrelated to the number of programs for the aging. We discuss the implications for education and program planning.
Off‐normal incidence simulations of metamaterials using FDTD

A method is described for applying FDTD simulation to electromagnetic metamaterial slabs with off-normal incident plane wave radiation. Issues of incommensurate spatial periods and interpolation of irregularly spaced data are discussed. Validity of the method is tested on a dielectric slab with known analytical solutions and the method is used to analyse split ring resonators of current interest. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant reactions of α‐tocopherolhydroquinone

α-Tocopherolhydroquinone (TQH2) is a product of α-tocopherol oxidation/reduction that exerts antioxidant effects in biological systems. TQH2 inhibited autoxidation of methyl linoleate initiated by peroxyl radicals derived from thermolysis of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) in acetonitrile. TQH2 oxidation yielded α-tocopherolquinone (TQ) as a major product and 2,3-epoxy-α-tocopherolquinone and 5,6-epoxy-α-tocopherolquinone as minor products. Each TQH2 consumed approximately two peroxyl radicals in the course of the oxidation. The data suggest that TQH2 scavenges peroxyl radicals primarily by electron transfer to form TQ and secondarily by addition-elimination to form the epoxyquinones.
Residence-time distribution as a measure of mixing in T-junction and multilaminated/elongational flow micromixers

Abstract The ineffective mixing in microchannel mixers or reactors, primarily due to the laminar flow behavior in such microfluidic devices, has become an issue of significant interest to many researchers working in the field of microreaction engineering and related disciplines. The present study describes the numerical and experimental investigation of mixing performance in a proposed multilaminated/elongational flow micromixer (herein referred to as MEFM-4) and a standard T-junction micromixer (TjM). These two micromixers that employ different mixing enhancement strategies were fabricated from silicon using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was first used to establish the experimental platform for the mixing study. Tracer experiment utilizing UV–vis absorption spectroscopy detection technique was used to obtain the required concentration data for residence-time distribution (RTD) analysis. The RTD and its coefficient of variation (CoV) were used for indirect characterization of flow and mixing behavior in the micromixers. Using this measure, the proposed MEFM-4, as expected, exhibits a better mixing performance (with its narrower RTD and lower CoV values) than the standard TjM. The comparison of results from the CFD simulation and the experiment shows very good agreement, especially in the low Reynolds number flow regime (Re
The Power of Provisional/Immediate Language Revisited: Adding Student Personality Traits to the Mix

Previous research found that relatively minor changes in the wording of written assessments can influence students’ motivation and affect toward the teacher. Not considered previously, however, is the role that student personality traits might play. Are the observed effects consistent across various personality types, or are different personality types affected differently by the same teacher behaviors? This study takes a first step toward answering that question, replicating the previous written feedback style research while adding the dimension of student personality traits to the investigation. The results suggest that the treatment may not be effective for those with high extroversion, low conscientiousness, and low neuroticism. When those cases were excluded from the analysis, the variance accounted for increased substantially, supporting the notion that efficacy of the teacher behaviors is, in part, dependent on student personality traits.
Structure of the E.coli Aspartate Transcarbamoylase Trapped in the Middle of the Catalytic Cycle.

Snapshots of the catalytic cycle of the allosteric enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase have been obtained via X-ray crystallography. The enzyme in the high-activity high-affinity R state contains two catalytic chains in the asymmetric unit that are different. The active site in one chain is empty, while the active site in the other chain contains an analog of the first substrate to bind in the ordered mechanism of the reaction. Small angle X-ray scattering shows that once the enzyme is converted to the R state, by substrate binding, the enzyme remains in the R state until substrates are exhausted. Thus, this structure represents the active form of the enzyme trapped at two different stages in the catalytic cycle, before the substrates bind (or after the products are released), and after the first substrate binds. Opening and closing of the catalytic chain domains explains how the catalytic cycle occurs while the enzyme remains globally in the R-quaternary structure.
Denitrification in constructed free-water surface wetlands: I. Very high nitrate removal rates in a macrocosm study

Abstract Six newly constructed experimental macrocosms (approximately 0.13 ha each) were built to study nitrogen transformation processes in the adjacent Prado Basin constructed wetland, southern California, USA. First year macrocosm data showed that nitrate was the dominant nitrogen species. Nitrate removal rates during September 1992 were measured at 2800 mg N m−2 d−1 while inorganic nitrogen and ammonia transformation rates were an order of magnitude less. Nitrogen trends and transformation rates within the macrocosms were similar to those found within the adjacent wetland. Based on calculated plant uptake rates and the absence of seepage losses, nitrate removal was attributed to denitrification.
Dissociation of (−) Baclofen-Induced Effects on the Tail Withdrawal and Hindlimb Flexor Reflexes of Chronic Spinal Rats

Abstract We previously reported that the antinociceptive effect of the GABAB receptor agonist, (−)baclofen, in chronic spinal rats depended on the route of administration. That is, subcutaneous (SC) injections significantly increased the latency of the thermally elicited tail withdrawal (tail flick, TF) reflex, whereas spinal (intrathecal, IT) injections did not. The present studies attempted to determine the reason for this differential response. The possible contribution of a peripheral component to the systemic effect was evaluated, but was not supported by negative results of intradermal (−)baclofen injections (50 and 500 μg) into the tail skin of chronic spinal rats. A spinal site of action was indicated when pretreatment with 30 μg, IT of the GABAB receptor antagonist, phaclofen, significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of SC (−)baclofen in both chronic spinal (5 mg/kg) and intact rats (2 mg/kg). Moreover, direct IT injections of (−)baclofen in chronic spinal rats produced a modest, but statistically significant increase in TF latency at doses of 0.06, 0.12, 0.3, and 0.6 μg, but not 1.2 μg. In the same spinal preparation, the flexor response was significantly reduced by IT injection of 0.6 and 1.2 μg, but not lower doses of 0.3 and 0.12 μg. These results provide the first quantitative, electrophysiological evidence of an antispastic effect of IT (−)baclofen in an in vivo, unanesthetized animal model. Second, the data show a separation between an antinociceptive effect of low spinal doses and an antispastic/muscle relaxant effect at higher doses, which may account for the results of our prior report. Finally, the data are also consistent with behavioral reports of antiallodynic/analgesic effects of low-dose baclofen, and may be relevant to the electrophysiological evidence of a preferential presynaptic action of low-dose (−)baclofen at the primary afferent synapse.
Power losses in lamellar gratings subject to mixed boundary conditions.

The diffracted powers as well as power losses in the groove bottom, walls, and top are calculated for finite conducting lamellar gratings. The fields are determined from Helmholtz’s equation subject to boundary conditions where the fields and their derivatives are mixed; these conditions are a result of the assumption of a highly conductive grating. A specific example is included for a thin gold-coated grating.
Southern Prohibition: Race, Reform, and Public Life in Middle Florida, 1821–1920. By Lee L. Willis. (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011. Pp. xi, 209. $24.95.)

This new study provides a much‐needed long view of the prohibition movement in the South. In doing so, Lee L. Willis highlights that after the 1820s prohibition was never totally absent from public...
Spatial correlations for solar PV generation and its tree approximation analysis

Smart grids present interesting challenges as we integrate renewable energy sources such as solar PV cells in residential areas. This paper discusses the spatial modeling for solar irradiation and also deals with the problem of graph representation of the model. For this graph, the Chow-Liu minimum spanning tree algorithm helps us to achieve the optimal tree approximation of the graph by minimizing the KullbackLeibler divergence which has a more sparse graph representation. We consider normalizing data using the zenith angle and also a standard method by subtracting mean and dividing by deviation (at time interval of day, a year moving average). We compare simulation results for Oahu solar measurement grid (Hawaii) sites and six sites near Denver, Colorado. Simulation results reveal that the KullbackLeibler divergence distance between the graph representation of these sites and their optimal tree approximation is bigger in winter than in summer. Moreover, the position of solar PV cells and their angles have an impact on the connection of the graph during the day and also its optimal tree approximation and the accuracy cost that the tree approximation algorithm pays.
Evidence for K-Shell Ionization Accompanying the Alpha-Decay of Po 210

The radiations of ${\mathrm{Po}}^{210}$ have been studied using NaI scintillation counters. In agreement with Grace, Allen, West, and Halban, it is concluded that the soft electromagnetic component probably entirely consists of x-rays of lead. The region from 25 kev to 2.5 Mev has been examined and, with the exception of the known $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray of 800 kev, no nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays were observed. The ratio of the number of $K$ x-rays to the number of 800-kev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays was measured as 0.134\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025 to 1. The $K$ shell internal conversion coefficient of the 800-kev transition has been reported as about 0.05, and hence the $K$ x-ray intensity is too great to be explained by internal conversion alone. The residual x-rays are attributed to the process whereby the emission of the alpha-particle causes ionization of the atom. Comparison of the relative intensity of $K$ x-rays and alpha-particles shows qualitative agreement with the probability of this ionization process as calculated by Migdal.
Enzyme Inhibition VI: Inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase Activity by Protoberberine Alkaloids and Structure–Activity Relationships

Protoberberine alkaloids such as palmatine (I), 13-methylpalmatine iodide (II), 2,3-methylenedioxy-10,11-dimethoxy-13-methylprotoberberine iodide (III), 2,3-methylenedioxy-9,10-dimethoxy-13-methylprotoberberine chloride (IV), and berberine (V) showed inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity of RNA tumor viruses in the presence of polyriboadenylic acid-oligodeoxythymidylic acid (VI), polydeoxyadenylic acid-oligodeoxythymidylic acid (VII), activated calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (IX), and 70S ribonucleic acid (X), but not in the presence of polyribocytidylic acid-oligodeoxyguanylic acid (VIII). These results indicated that the alkaloids caused inhibition of the enzyme activity by interacting with the template primer, particularly of the adenine-thymine base pair. Furthermore, the alkaloids competed with the template primer-binding site of the enzyme. The time course inhibition indicated that the alkaloids stopped the DNA synthesis instantly when added after the initiation of polymerization processes. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity was correlated with the structure and antileukemic activity of the protoberberine alkaloids.
Psychotherapy. Can the practitioner learn from the researcher

Psychotherapy research has often been criticized by practitioners who believe that it has little to offer that can be used in professional practice. However, there is increasing evidence to show that contemporary research in psychotherapy is becoming increasingly relevant for practice. In this article, drawing on extensive research experience, I cite examples illustrating this thesis. My collaborators and I have called particular attention to the damaging consequences of communications that are experienced by patients as pejorative, and we believe that the development of therapist's skills in dealing with patients' negative transference should receive particular attention in training programs.
Current Management of Microtia: A National Survey

Microtia reconstruction remains one of the most challenging procedures encountered by the reconstructive surgeon. A national report on the current management of microtia has never been presented before. The purpose of this project was to survey members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) to identify their preferences and practices and report their opinions regarding issues related to microtia reconstruction. An anonymous web-based survey consisting of 19 questions was distributed to the members of the ASPS. Questions focused on the management of microtia. The study design was descriptive, using categorical data analysis. Thirty-eight percent of all respondents perform microtia reconstruction; 91 % learned the autogenous cartilage-based reconstruction technique, while only 16 % were exposed to alloplastic reconstruction. Seventy percent of all respondents learned autogenous cartilage-based ear reconstruction exclusively. Fifty percent of respondents who perform microtia reconstruction reported a steep learning curve. In the pediatric patient population, 49 % of microtia surgeons prefer performing the surgery when the patient is between 7 and 10 years of age, while 40 % of microtia surgeons prefer the patient to be 4–6 years of age. Fifty-nine percent of all respondents believe that in 15 years tissue engineering will represent the gold standard of microtia reconstruction. Staged microtia repair using autogenous cartilage remains the heavily favored method of microtia reconstruction among plastic surgeons. Moreover, there is a deficiency in training the newer surgical techniques, such as alloplastic and osseointegrated options. This study also highlights the continuing need to elucidate the optimal timing for microtia repair in the pediatric patient to mitigate the potential psychosocial morbidity well described in the literature. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Solid-State CO Oxidation by Atomic O: A Route to Solid CO 2 Synthesis in Dense Molecular Clouds

Investigations with infrared spectroscopy and microgravimetry show that CO2 forms in small quantities during codeposition of CO and cooled O and O2 into thin films at 20 K: ~3 × 1014 CO2 cm–2 within a film containing 2.7 × 1017 CO cm–2. The reason for the low CO2 yield is that O atoms react preferentially with O to form O2, and with O2 to form ozone, which was not considered in previous studies with atomic beams. Heating a CO + O + O2 film capped with a ~2.5 μm thick water ice layer to 80 K increased CO2 by 30%, showing additional reactions between O and CO diffusing in the ice layer. Although the CO2:CO = 10–3 measured in our experiments is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than reported interstellar ratios, sputtering and differential desorption during transient heating events, e.g., by impacts of cosmic rays or stellar winds, can increase the ratio to observed values.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule.

Background and Methods Sixty patients were treated with radiation therapy alone (56 patients) or followed by surgery (4 patients) between 1970 and 1995 for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. Results Local control rates at five years after irradiation alone in 56 patients were: T1–T2, 94%; T4, 71%; and overall, 85%. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size and bone invasion significantly influenced local control. All four patients with extensive T4 tumors treated with radiation therapy plus surgery were cured. Cause-specific survival rates at five years for 56 patients treated with radiation therapy alone were: T1–T2, 94%; T4, 86%; and overall, 91%. Multivariate analysis revealed that bone invasion and tumor size adversely influenced cause-specific survival. No patient treated with irradiation alone experienced a major complication, compared with three of four patients who underwent irradiation and surgery. Conclusions Radiation therapy results in a high cure rate with good cosmesis. Patients with extensive T4 cancers have an improved chance of cure with radiation and surgery but more complications. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 385–393, 1999.
An analytic method for finding the closed-loop frequency response of nonlinear feedback-control systems

THE linear theory in the field of feedback-control systems is highly developed and various techniques are available for analysis and synthesis of linear feedback-control systems. On the other hand, there are many problems to be solved in the field of nonlinear feedback-control systems. Techniques of analyzing and synthesizing nonlinear feedback-control systems are quite limited because of difficulties in handling nonlinear differential equations.
Introduction to set constraint-based program analysis

Abstract This paper given an introduction to using set constraints to specify program analyses. Several standard analysis problems are formulated using set constraints, which serves both to illustrate the style of using constraints to specify program analysis problems and the range of application of set constraints.
Filtering Probe Inclinometer Data to Identify Characteristics of Slope Movement

Probe inclinometer measurements are employed to monitor rock slope movements. The interference by errors in interpreting inclinometer results may be reduced by several filtering techniques applied in processing data from the probe. Plotting resulting vectors of displacement in a three dimensional system facilitates the determination of major characteristics of the slope movement and their association with the geologic findings from the borehole.
Sexual behavior during successive ejaculations in bonnet and pigtail macaques.

During tests of sexual behavior which permitted multiple ejaculations, male bonnet and pigtail macaques were found to differ on a number of traditionally defined behavioral parameters. Although pigtail tests were terminated by a more stringent criterion, they were longer in duration and more ejaculations were recorded than in the bonnet tests. Pigtail males required relatively more intromissions for initial ejaculations and somewhat fewer on successive ejaculations. Bonnets, on the other hand, generally ejaculated on the first mount of a test and then exhibited increased numbers of intromissions to successive ejaculations. Although both species exhibited increases in successive postejaculatory intervals, the changes were more gradual for the pigtails.
Suitability of Voice-Activated Hand Controls for the Physically Handicapped Driver:

A research project was conducted to investigate the peripheral components of the driving task for physically handicapped individuals. A systematic analysis of the subcomponents and various adaptive devices was undertaken to define the minimum requirements for successful operation of a vehicle. Selected results of the task analysis, the minimum requirement determinations, and recommendations for the use of voice-activated controls are described.
Order-restricted goodness-of-fit tests based on spacings

Goodness-of-fit tests are proposed for unimodal densities and U-shaped hazards. The tests are based on maximum-product-of-spacings estimators, and incorporate unimodality or U-shapedness using order restrictions. A slightly improved “maximum violator” algorithm is given for computing the order-restricted estimates and test statistics. Modified spacings such as “k-spacings”, which may actually increase power, ensure computational feasibility when sample sizes are large. Simulations demonstrate that for samples of size less than twenty, the use of order restrictions can increase power, even with modified spacings. The proposed methods can be used as approximations in cases of null hypotheses that are specified only up to unknown parameters that are estimated.
Hardening of graphite surface by ion beam amorphization

Ion implantation has been shown to possess potential as a practical method for improving the mechanical properties of surfaces. So far a number of tests have been performed. In these studies, metals - most often steels or other hard materials - have been used. However, the improvement of the mechanical properties at the surface is not only important for substances that already have considerable hardness, but also for materials with other unique properties. Graphite is useful in many applications. Mechanically, it is easily machined and has good dimensional stability. It has self lubricity and under certain conditions has excellent sliding properties. Chemically, it is generally impermeable, resistant to corrosion, and compatable with mating materials. It is a good conductor of both heat and electrical current. The ion implantation of graphite has been studied elsewhere but without reference to the mechanical properties of the surface. It is expected, however, that heavy ion bombardment will cause structural changes at the graphite surface resulting in a modification of the mechanical properties. In this investigation the authors focus on these properties. The main objectives have been to study how the surface mechanical properties are changed by an ion bombardment and to find the relationshipmore » between mechanical properties and microstructure.« less
Consultation With Professional Peers: A National Survey of the Practices of School Psychologists

There is an increasing need for education professionals to keep abreast of new research and developments in their fields. The peer support group, which is characterized by the sharing of expertise and knowledge, the provision of mutual support, and joint problem solving among professional colleagues, has been advanced as promising means of promoting professional growth and development. This article reports the results of an exploratory national survey of school psychologists' involvement in peer support groups (PSGs) that was undertaken to identify the potential contributions of such activities to improving professional practice. Nearly 64% of the respondents indicated involvement in a PSG at some point in their careers, with almost 50% currently participating in one. Several benefits were attributed to group membership, and it was suggested that further research efforts are needed to clarify the essential components that contribute to group effectiveness.
Efficient ligation of the Schistosoma hammerhead ribozyme.

The hammerhead ribozyme from Schistosoma mansoni is the best characterized of the natural hammerhead ribozymes. Biophysical, biochemical, and structural studies have shown that the formation of the loop−loop tertiary interaction between stems I and II alters the global folding, cleavage kinetics, and conformation of the catalytic core of this hammerhead, leading to a ribozyme that is readily cleaved under physiological conditions. This study investigates the ligation kinetics and the internal equilibrium between cleavage and ligation for the Schistosoma hammerhead. Single turnover kinetic studies on a construct where the ribozyme cleaves and ligates substrate(s) in trans showed up to 23% ligation when starting from fully cleaved products. This was achieved by an ∼2000-fold increase in the rate of ligation compared to a minimal hammerhead without the loop−loop tertiary interaction, yielding an internal equilibrium that ranges from 2 to 3 at physiological Mg2+ ion concentrations (0.1−1 mM). Thus, the natura...
Acute liver failure and hyperammonemia increase peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor binding and pregnenolone synthesis in mouse brain

We investigated the role of brain peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) and pregnenolone (a product of PBRs activation) in hepatic encephalopathy (HE)/hyperammonemia. Administration of the hepatotoxin, thioacetamide, or ammonium acetate to mice for 3 days significantly increased the number of brain PBRs (138-146% of control) and the affinity of the ligands for these receptors (2-fold). The total content of pregnenolone and its rate of synthesis in brain of the experimental animals were significantly increased. Our results suggest a novel integrated mechanism by which ammonia-induced activation of PBRs leads to elevated levels of pregnenolone-derived neurosteroids which are known to enhance GABA-ergic neurotransmission. This mechanism may play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of HE.
Spectroscopic study of an acceptor confined in a narrow GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well.

A detailed optical study of the Be acceptor confined at the center of a 70-A\r{}-wide GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}$As quantum well (QW) is presented in this report. Transitions to the same excited states of this acceptor are observed via two independent spectroscopic techniques: two-hole transitions observed in selective photoluminescence, and resonant Raman scattering. Both of these techniques are well documented from corresponding studies in bulk material, but this is the first report on two-hole transitions observed for acceptor states confined in a QW. Two transitions, interpreted as the transitions from the 1${s}_{3/2}$(${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}$) ground state of the Be acceptor to the excited states, 2${s}_{3/2}$(${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}$) and 2${s}_{3/2}$(${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$), respectively, are observed with the two different techniques. The experimentally determined transition energies via the two-hole transitions, 28.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 and 37.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 meV, respectively, are in good agreement with what is obtained from the resonant Raman-scattering measurements, 29.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 and 36.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 meV, respectively. These experimental results are also compared with recent theoretical predictions.
A retrospective analysis comparing patients 70 years or older to patients younger than 70 years with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with surgery at Indiana university: 1989-1999.

Abstract Surgery remains the cornerstone of therapy for medically operable patients with early-stage non—small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are few reports on the short-term morbidity and long-term survival following surgery in elderly patients with NSCLC. The surgical experience in 280 patients with NSCLC at Indiana University from 1989-1999 are reported with a comparison of patients who are ≥ 70 years versus
Retention as a Variable in Comparing Programmed and Conventional Instructional Methods

AbstractThis study was designed to compare the retention of material presented by programmed instruction and the conventional lecture method. Subjects were divided into two matched groups; one received programmed instruction and the other received the conventional lecture method of instruction. Subjects were retested at intervals of one day, one week, and two weeks. There were no significant differences between the two groups at any time. In view of some practical advantages of programmed instruction, and the results of this study, it is felt that it deserves careful attention as an effective teaching method.
Dynamic failure of solids

Abstract This paper reviews recent attempts to construct a microstatistical fracture mechanics; that is, a methodology that relates the kinetics of material failure on the microstructural level to continuum mechanics. The approach is to introduce microstructural descriptions of damage into the continuum constitutive relations as internal state variables. The microstructural damage descriptions are based on dynamic and quasi-static experiments with carefully controlled load amplitudes and durations. The resulting constitutive relations describe the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of the microscopic voids and cracks, and therefore in principle describe both quasi-static and dynamic fracture on the continuum scale. The paper describes several such kinetics models in detail, shows examples of several engineering applications, and discusses the link between microstatistical fracture mechanics and continuum fracture mechanics.
Detection and classification of small perturbations in GPR scans of reinforced concrete bridge decks

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used in this study to inspect reinforced concrete bridge decks for the presence of defects. However, many small scale defects do not produce a strong reflection. This paper models the effect of these defects as small perturbations in the expected steel rebar reflections, and proposes a system to detect and classify these perturbations.
Stories of space and subjectivity in planning the Multimedia Super Corridor

Abstract The Malaysian government has embarked on an ambitious refashioning of the nation called Vision 2020 in pursuit of its goal of becoming a ‘developed country’. A pivotal component of this ‘vision’ is the planning and provision of information technology (IT) infrastructure in a multi-billion dollar urban mega-project called the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). The purpose of my paper is twofold. First, I situate an official planning document for the MSC entitled Physical Design Guidelines for the Multimedia Super Corridor in the activity of transnational planning practice. Second, I argue that a thematic series of organizing planning concepts and practices can be identified in this document. These concepts and practices work in two ways: first, by representing highly positioned notions of sub-urban, middle-class urban design conventional in specific North American cities as universally applicable to, and desirable for, the broader national development goals the MSC is intended to lead; second, by creating a ‘total image’ for the MSC that suggests an apparently seamless relationship between the MSC and the proper citizens for it at every imaginable scale. One important effect of these plans is the material transformation of a rural landscape of and for production into an urban landscape of and for consumption. This transformation raises the question of who can belong to the ‘nation’ being (re)imagined via the MSC.
An efficient algorithm for solving the phase field crystal model

We present and discuss the development of an unconditionally stable algorithm used to solve the evolution equations of the phase field crystal (PFC) model. This algorithm allows for an arbitrarily large algorithmic time step. As the basis for our analysis of the accuracy of this algorithm, we determine an effective time step in Fourier space. We then compare our calculations with a set of representative numerical results, and demonstrate that this algorithm is an effective approach for the study of the PFC models, yielding a time step effectively 180 times larger than the Euler algorithm for a representative set of material parameters. As the PFC model is just a simple example of a wide class of density functional theories, we expect this method will have wide applicability to modeling systems of considerable interest to the materials modeling communities.
Libido as part of sexuality in female cancer survivors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To present the state of knowledge and a suggested program of research related to one part of sexual functioning in female cancer survivors: libido. DATA SOURCES Journal articles, monographs, and book chapters. DATA SYNTHESIS Sexuality is a broadly defined term with many components. Libido is a component of sexuality and is reviewed with respect to definition, physiology, and measurement. Evidence-based interventions also are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Most of the evidence related to enhancing libido involves testosterone, but this has not been tested in cancer survivors. Several clinical questions are yet to be answered regarding physiology as well as nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for enhancing libido. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurse researchers could add much to the evidence base on interventions for improving libido and, subsequently, sexual health. Implementing behavioral interventions to enhance libido would be an appropriate nursing function.
Neurochemical characterization of an antimony-choline analog in rat cortical synaptosomes.

: An analog of choline, in which nitrogen was replaced by antimony, was neurochemically characterized in rat cortical synaptosomes. It was found to be a substrate for several cholinergic enzymes, transported by a Na+-dependent, hemicholinium-3-sensitive process, acetylated, and subsequently released by depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner. Sb-choline also competed with choline for Na+-dependent uptake and for acetylation by [14C]acetyl-CoA in synaptosomes. These results suggest that Sb-choline and its acetylated product should be useful substrates for the x-ray microanalytical localization of cholinergic pools in intact nerve terminals.
The effect of chloride on the adsorption of Hg onto three bacterial species

Abstract Bulk adsorption and X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were conducted in order to investigate the ability of three bacterial species to adsorb Hg in the absence and presence of chloride from pH 2 to 10. Adsorption experiments were performed using non-metabolizing cells of Bacillus subtilis , Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, and Geobacter sulfurreducens suspended in a 0.1 M NaClO 4 electrolyte to buffer ionic strength. After equilibration, the aqueous phases were sampled and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for remaining Hg concentrations. The biomass from some experiments was analyzed using Hg X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the binding environment of the Hg. In both chloride-free and chloride-bearing systems, the three bacterial species studied exhibited similar adsorption behaviors. Chloride causes a dramatic shift in the adsorption behavior of each of the bacterial species. In the absence of chloride, each of the species exhibits maximum adsorption between pH 4 and 6, with decreasing but still significant adsorption with increasing pH from 6 to approximately 10. The extent of Hg adsorption in the chloride-free systems is extensive under all of the experimental conditions, and the concentration of adsorbed Hg exceeds the concentration of any individual binding site type on the cell envelope, indicating that binding onto multiple types of sites occurs even at the lowest pH conditions studied. Because binding onto an individual site type does not occur exclusively under any of the experimental conditions, individual stability constants for Hg–bacterial surface complexes cannot be determined in the chloride-free system. In the presence of chloride, all of the bacterial species exhibit minimal Hg adsorption below pH 4, increasing adsorption between pH 4 and 8, and slightly decreasing extents of adsorption with increasing pH above 8. The low extent of adsorption at low pH suggests that neutrally-charged HgCl 2 0 adsorbs only weakly. The increase in Hg adsorption above pH 4 is likely due to adsorption of Hg 2+ and HgCl(OH) 0 , and is limited by site availability and transformation to Hg(OH) 2 0 as pH increases. We use the adsorption data to determine stability constants of the Hg–, HgCl(OH)–, and Hg(OH) 2 –bacterial cell envelope complexes, and the values enable estimations to be made for Hg adsorption behavior in bacteria-bearing geologic systems.
“Abolition” of civil society?: Remarks on a widespread misunderstanding in the interpretation of “civil society”

(1999). “Abolition” of civil society?: Remarks on a widespread misunderstanding in the interpretation of “civil society”. Socialism and Democracy: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 1-18.
Negative differential resistance in transport through organic molecules on silicon.

Recent scanning tunneling microscopy studies of individual organic molecules on Si(001) reported negative differential resistance (NDR) above a critical applied field, observations explained by a resonant tunneling model proposed prior to the experiments. Here we use both density functional theory and a many-electron $GW$ self-energy approach to quantitatively assess the viability of this mechanism in hybrid junctions with organic molecules on Si. For cyclopentene on $p$-type Si(001), the frontier energy levels are calculated to be independent of applied electric fields, ruling out the proposed mechanism for NDR. Guidelines for achieving NDR are developed and illustrated with two related molecules, aminocyclopentene and pyrroline.
Inspectability of PSM masks for the 32nm node using STARlight2

Two aspects are critical when a new reticle type is introduced in a wafer fab: printability and reticle inspection. In this study, we inspected 4 PSM reticles at the 45nm technology node, at P90, on the 5xx TeraScanHR platform. We successfully inspected SL2+ reticles of the PSM type at P90. We forecast that in a high volume 32nm node production environment, P72 SL2+ will address the inspectability challenges associated with PSM masks. This is based on strict requirements for sensitivity on contamination defects, inspectability, and cost of ownership, as when UMC addressed their wafer printability issues.
Cognitive Reconstruction, Hindsight, and Reactions to Victims and Perpetrators

Two studies provide evidence that reconstructive memory contributes to the hindsight bias. In the first study, participants read identical scenarios that either had no ending or ended with a rape. Those receiving the rape ending reconstructed the story to be more stereotypically associated with rape than did those in the no-ending condition. In the second study, participants read an identical scenario that ended in a marriage proposal or a rape. Participants’ memories of the events in the story were reconstructed to be stereotypically consistent with whichever ending they received. The hindsight bias was obtained in both studies; participants rated the ending they received as more likely than participants not receiving that ending. For both studies, regression analyses revealed causal paths in which the ending of the story predicted stereotypical memories, which predicted the hindsight bias. The hindsight bias predicted derogation of the characters in the stories.
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Revising Analyses of Lesbian Sexuality and Family Formation Through the Study of Black Women

The present work analyzes results from a three-year, mixed-methods sociological study of Black lesbian-headed families. It identifies four points of departure Black women make from what the existing literature has assumed about lesbian families and lesbian practice. It links these ideologies and behaviors to the experiences of African-American women growing up in Black heterosexual families and communities, particularly the mother-centered quality of many Black households and the history of female labor force participation and economic contributions to the household.
Sex cord tumor with annular tubules in a young adolescent with Von Willebrand's disease.

Abstract Background Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a rare form of ovarian neoplasm. Case A 12-year-old female presented with menometrorrhagia. During her evaluation, she was both diagnosed with von Willebrand disease (VWD) and found to have an ovarian neoplasm, which was ultimately determined to be an ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT). Summary and Conclusion As her diagnosis was temporally associated with her worsening symptoms and the presence of an ovarian mass, this tumor may have played a role in her VWD diagnosis. There are no previously reported cases of SCTAT associated with VWD. This case reminds physicians of the importance of evaluating patients with menometrorrhagia for bleeding conditions, in addition to considering hormone-secreting ovarian neoplasms, including SCTAT.
A General Class of Pattern Mixture Models for Nonignorable Dropout with Many Possible Dropout Times

In this article we consider the problem of fitting pattern mixture models to longitudinal data when there are many unique dropout times. We propose a marginally specified latent class pattern mixture model. The marginal mean is assumed to follow a generalized linear model, whereas the mean conditional on the latent class and random effects is specified separately. Because the dimension of the parameter vector of interest (the marginal regression coefficients) does not depend on the assumed number of latent classes, we propose to treat the number of latent classes as a random variable. We specify a prior distribution for the number of classes, and calculate (approximate) posterior model probabilities. In order to avoid the complications with implementing a fully Bayesian model, we propose a simple approximation to these posterior probabilities. The ideas are illustrated using data from a longitudinal study of depression in HIV-infected women.
Sedimentation of flocculent suspensions: State of the art

Three modes or types of sedimentation are recognized in flocculent suspensions: Clarification, in which floccules are separated and settle independently; zone settling, in which floccules are incorporated into some solids structure so that all are constrained to subside at more or less the same rate; and compression or compaction, in which the solids structure is strong enough to exhibit a compressive yield value. Current models for sedimentation in the three modes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on their use and reliability (or lack of it) for sedimentation basin design. Most models of thickening presented in the literature derive from a basic partial differential equation for force balance. Models differ in which terms of the equation are disregarded. Several of the theories of compaction are essentially equivalent solutions for the same model, but with different sets of independent variables.
In Situ Volumetric Filtration Physical Model to Separate Particulate Matter from Stormwater

AbstractIn the last several decades there has been a proliferation of structural best management practices (BMPs) for particulate matter (PM) sequestration. However, effective separation and continued retention of PM without washout throughout loading periods in which there is no maintenance remains challenging. In this study the physical modeling (in situ testing) of a volumetric clarifying filter (VCF) for separation and retention of PM was conducted for an urban source area (∼500 m2) in north central Florida loaded by rainfall runoff. This paper examines the event-based response of a VCF unit for 25 events (384 mm of rainfall, 117 m3 of runoff over 13 months with no maintenance), differentiating the role of volumetric sedimentation (2.3 m3 tank) and depth filtration (106 m2 of cartridge surface area). Manual sampling was conducted with a PM mass balance over the monitoring campaign. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC), suspended and settleable PM fractions, and turbidity were measured. PM was fu...
Erratum to: A Two-Step Bayesian Approach for Propensity Score Analysis: Simulations and Case Study

In Equation (19) of the paper, the denominator m should be deleted. In the BPSA-1 hybrid approach, we view the treatment effect estimate γ as the posterior mean of γ based on the posterior distribution of propensity score model parameters rather than the frequentist-based mean of γj as shown in Equations (14) and (15). We utilize the total variance formula to estimate the variance of γ in BPSA-1. Then Var(γ )=EVar(γ | η)+ VarE(γ | η). (16) From Equation (16) to (18) with γ1 replaced by γ we obtain the corrected Equation (19) Var(γ )=m−1 m ∑ j=1 σ 2 j + (m− 1)−1 m ∑ j=1 ( γj −m−1 m ∑ j=1 γj )2 . (19)