cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of the triplet state of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole

Abstract We present the first observation of the phosphorescence of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole in nonpolar solvents. The phosphorescence has a maximum at 648 nm, and the lifetime was measured to be 1.95 ± 0.2 ms at 77 K in methylcyclohexane glass. The observed decay dynamics of the phosphorescence in combination with studies of the delayed fluorescence and two-step laser-induced fluorescence unambiguously prove that the observed triplet state is ascribed to the cis-keto form of HBT.
An optical burst from the star identified with the X-ray source 2S1254–690

High time-resolution photometry of the proposed optical counterpart (Star 30) of the X-ray source 2S1254-690 is reported here. An event of high statistical significance was observed from the star that has all the temporal characteristics of an X-ray burst (see, for example, ref. 3). 2S1254-690 has not previously been identified as an X-ray burst source, but its optical counterpart shows properties in common with this class of objects. We also derive the X-ray spectrum of 2S1254-690 using data obtained with the HEAO 1 satellite. The spectrum can be fit in the energy range 0.18-30 keV by a power law of photon index -2.5, modified by interstellar absorption.
Simulation of current-filament dynamics and relaxation in the Pegasus Spherical Tokamak

Nonlinear numerical computation is used to investigate the relaxation of non-axisymmetric current-channels from washer-gun plasma sources into “tokamak-like” plasmas in the Pegasus toroidal experiment [Eidietis et al. J. Fusion Energy 26, 43 (2007)]. Resistive MHD simulations with the NIMROD code [Sovinec et al. Phys. Plasmas 10(5), 1727–1732 (2003)] utilize ohmic heating, temperature-dependent resistivity, and anisotropic, temperature-dependent thermal conduction corrected for regions of low magnetization to reproduce critical transport effects. Adjacent passes of the simulated current-channel attract and generate strong reversed current sheets that suggest magnetic reconnection. With sufficient injected current, adjacent passes merge periodically, releasing axisymmetric current rings from the driven channel. The current rings have not been previously observed in helicity injection for spherical tokamaks, and as such, provide a new phenomenological understanding for filament relaxation in Pegasus. After ...
Knowing What To Teach: Using Authentic Assessment To Improve Classroom Instruction.

The articles in this Reading and Writing Quarterly anthology provide methods about authentic assessment for use by writers with a learning disability. This article provides the reader with suggestions on how to interleave data collected from authentic student writing samples into classroom instructional planning and implementations. Practical hands‐on ideas for teachers of students with learning disabilities and/or low achievers are shared. Examples of student performance authentication resources include effective teaching components, concept maps, webs, and mnemonic devices.
Caregivers' descriptions of sleep changes and depressive symptoms.

Purpose/objectives To describe caregiver sleep and depression using caregiver narratives. To compare qualitative descriptions with quantitative scores. Design Descriptive, one-time, open-ended interview followed by structured sleep and depression questions. Setting Interview conducted in person or via telephone at caregiver's preference. Sample 47 caregivers of patients with advanced stage cancer. Caregivers had a mean age of 54 years, and most were female (81%), Caucasian (82%), and spouses (61%). They provided care for a mean of 24 months. Patients' diagnoses were lung cancer (36%), colorectal cancer (13%), or recurrences (51%). Methods Two cancer care sites in southern California provided participants. After consent, the researcher conducted interviews. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) instruments were administered following interviews. Main research variables Sleep pattern changes and depression levels over time as defined by caregivers. Findings Caregivers described severe fluctuations in sleep patterns over time and how these changes affected caregiver depressive symptoms. PSQI and CES-D scores matched narrative comments. Conclusions Caregivers' narratives suggest they suffer progressive sleep deprivation that affects their emotions and ability to continue as caregivers. Implications for nursing Nurses must recognize the severe sleep problems experienced by caregivers and respond with interventions to increase sleep quality and decrease depression.
L p approximation by subsets of convex functions of several variables

Abstract If S is a bounded convex subset of R m , the problem is to find a best approximation to a function in L p ( S ), 1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞, by an arbitrary subset of convex functions. An existence theorem for a best approximation is established under a certain condition on the subset. In particular, a best convex approximation exists. Also investigated are properties of norm-bounded subsets and L p -convergent sequences of convex functions.
Accuracy of pathologic examination in detection of complete response after chemoradiation for esophageal cancer

Abstract Background Although a substantial proportion of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation for invasive esophageal cancer develop a pathologic complete response (pCR), these patients nonetheless have a poor 5-year survival rate. We hypothesized that routine pathologic examination fails to identify some residual cancer. Methods Patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer at 2 tertiary care centers were identified. Archived tumor blocks were retrieved for patients with pCR, sectioned at 50-μm intervals and reexamined for residual cancer. Results Seventy patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Tumor blocks were available for 23 of 26 complete responders. A total of 159 blocks were reexamined. One patient was found to have a possible focus of residual invasive adenocarcinoma versus high-grade dysplasia. The remaining 22 patients had no residual disease. Conclusions A more aggressive examination protocol for postchemoradiation esophagectomy specimens may not result in significant upstaging. Inadequate pathologic examination is likely not a major factor in the suboptimal survival in patients with pCR.
The Coming Out Process: Developmental Stages for Sexual Minority Youth

This work describes the developmental process of coming out in gay and lesbian youth. The case is made for the need to identify developmental stages during this process. We address how identity for...
Expansion of existing EM workbench for multiple computational electromagnetics codes

An "EM workbench" is described. It has a modular, code-independent architecture and a common design environment. The technique for integrating new EM codes is demonstrated with a method-of-moments code specialized for circularly symmetric feed horns, and with a new hybrid DFT-MoM (discrete Fourier transform - method of moments) code for finite-boundary planar phased arrays. The use of a common design environment for all codes takes advantage of common infrastructure and utility software, and minimizes the learning-curve penalty for using a new EM code capability.
Atrioventricular node properties in patients with accessory pathways

Abstract A study during the era of surgical ablation suggested that atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction is faster in patients with accessory pathways than in controls. In the present study, AV nodal characteristics were studied in 30 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablationof an accessory pathway and compared to 23 control patients. Sinus cycle length, AH and HV intervals, AV block cycle length, ventriculoatrial (VA) block cycle length, AV nodal effective refractory period, and VA effective refractory periods were measured in control and postablation accessory pathway patients before and after autonomic blockade with 0.04 mg/kg of atropine and 0.2 mg/kg of propranolol. The mean sinus cycle length in the control and accessory pathway groups did not differ significantly at baseline (798 ± 211 and 766 ± 156 msec, respectively) or after autonomic blockade (654 ± 98 and 649 ± 108 msec, respectively). The mean AH interval in the accessory pathway group (77 ± 15 msec) was significantly shorter than in the control group (91 ± 22 msec; p
An Exploration of MSW Field Education and Impairment Prevention: What Do We Need to Know?

This paper examines the types of challenges social work students face and how practicum performance is impacted by them. Secondary data related to 125 social work students in a course in human behavior in the social environment were analyzed. More than one-fourth of students reported a parent with mental health and substance abuse problems. Students' self-reported substance abuse problems (9%), and mental health problems (16%). Sixty-two percent of students reported some problem in their family of origin. Regression analysis showed that performance during the second semester of the first-year practicum was influenced by current and early family experiences and that by the second year of the MSW program, there was no impact on field. This manuscript explores some of the possible ways that social work students overcome and manage personal challenges that impact their field placement.
A Single Intramuscular Dose of Ceftriaxone Changes Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Flora in Children with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) † 678

A Single Intramuscular Dose of Ceftriaxone Changes Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Flora in Children with Acute Otitis Media (AOM) † 678
Remodeling of Displaced Condylar Fractures with Functional Treatment: High-Quality Radiographic Documentation in Three-Patient Series

Treatment of condylar fractures is variable and controversial. Treatment options for management of condylar fractures include surgical and nonsurgical methods, and if a nonsurgical method is as effective as a surgical method, the former is preferred. Although plain film radiographs and functional outcomes attained through nonsurgical treatment are well established in literature, evidence of the remodeling process through detailed, high-quality imaging is lacking. The purpose of this case series is to describe and illustrate two adults and one pediatric patient with significantly displaced condylar fractures treated nonsurgically with excellent clinical results. It is unique for such patients to have pre- and posttreatment computed tomography scans with high-quality three-dimensional reconstruction as in the case of two adults and to have 3.5-year posttrauma radiographs and 14.5-year follow-up as in the case of the pediatric patient. As such, this report is useful in visually presenting three examples of repositioning and reformation of the temporomandibular joint structures in displaced condylar fractures in a postmenarche 14-year-old female patient, a 21-year-old male patient, and an 18-month-old male patient.
Insulin-like growth factor I receptor β expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Summary The insulinlike growth factor signaling axis (factors I and II and their receptor) has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Previous studies on insulinlike growth factor I receptor using resected hepatocellular carcinoma generated mixed results; however, the distribution and clinical significance of insulinlike growth factor I receptor β expression in hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of liver transplantation have not been evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for insulinlike growth factor I receptor β was performed in 72 liver explants from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation. Expression of insulinlike growth factor I receptor β in hepatocytes was noted in 59.7% of tumors but only 6.9% of adjacent, nontumorous liver tissues ( P β –positive tumors (95% confidence interval, 1.003-9.8). Poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas had 10.3 times higher odds of insulinlike growth factor I receptor β positivity compared with well- or moderately differentiated tumors (95% confidence interval, 1.3-85.2). Subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were less likely to have insulinlike growth factor I receptor β –positive tumors ( P = .015). Finally, higher arteriolar insulinlike growth factor I receptor β scores in the tumor and adjacent liver were significantly associated with insulinlike growth factor I receptor β expression in tumor cells ( P = .015 and .043 for intratumoral and adjacent arterioles, respectively) in a subset of 26 randomly chosen hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that synchronized up-regulation of the insulinlike growth factor I receptor axis in tumor cells and intratumoral and adjacent arterioles could represent a mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression as manifest by poor differentiation and tumors beyond Milan criteria. Targeted therapies against insulinlike growth factor receptors may be justifiable in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Signal transduction by a CD16/CD7/Jak2 fusion protein

The addition of interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to hormone-dependent cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus protein kinase 2 (Jak2) and activates its in vitro kinase activity. To explore the role of Jak2 in IL-3/GM-CSF-mediated signal transduction, we constructed a CD16/CD7/Jak2 (CD16/Jak2) fusion gene containing the external domain of CD16 and the entire Jak2 molecule and expressed this fusion protein using a recombinant vaccinia virus. The clustering of CD16/Jak2 fusion protein by cross-linking with an anti-CD16 antibody induced autophosphorylation of the fusion protein but did not induce the phosphorylation of either the endogenous Jak2 or the beta chain. Cross-linking of CD16/Jak2 stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of a large group of proteins that are also phosphorylated after the addition of IL-3 or GM-CSF and include proteins of 145, 97, 67, 52, and 42 kDa. Closer analysis demonstrated that the CD16/Jak2 phosphorylates Shc, a 52-kDa protein, and the 145-kDa protein associated tightly with Shc, as well as mitogen-associated protein kinase (pp42). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that CD16/Jak2 activates the ability of signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT) proteins to bind to an interferon-gamma-activated sequence oligonucleotide in a manner similar to that seen after IL-3 treatment. Cross-linking of the CD16/Jak2 protein stimulated increases in c-fos and junB similar to IL-3 but did not cause major changes in the levels of the c-myc message, which normally increases after IL-3 treatment. Thus, a transmembrane CD16/Jak2 fusion is capable of activating protein phosphorylation and mRNA transcription in a manner similar but not identical to hematopoietic growth factors.
Self-reported mood and drinking patterns following hospital treatment for alcoholism.

Summary 129 male subjects were assessed three months following treatment at a VA Hospital Alcohol Rehabilitation Unit. Based upon this assessment, subjects were classified as either abstinent, improved, or unimproved compared to prehospital drinking patterns. On a self-rating mood questionnaire given at the 3 month follow-up, it was found that abstinent subjects had a very low degree of affective disturbance. The unimproved subjects had the highest level with the improved subjects falling intermediate to the other two groups. The results are discussed in terms of a possible pattern of denial by abstinent subjects.
Perceived Responsibility and Blame for Economic Success and Failure: Social Class and Employment Status Comparisons

The present study tested the proposition that social class and employment status would differentially affect attributions of responsibility and blame concerning positive and negative economic outcomes. The hypothesis here is that subjects will not blame a person who fails to get a job after taking a retraining program. The hypothesis is based upon the assumption that individuals on the lower rung of the economic ladder are aware of the external circumstances operating against economic security. As predicted, the person experiencing failure was neither held responsible nor blamed for his outcome. Also social class and employment status affected perceptions of the reasons for the successful outcome.
Excessive Interviews: Listening to Maternal Subjectivity

In this article, the author revisits an interview with Ava Montalvo—a mother of two living in Albuquerque, New Mexico— which initially confounded her interpretive resources. This reflexive, performative article examines the role of excess as an analytical lens through which to understand maternal subjectivity and elaborates the methodological implications of this lens for interviewing methods and qualitative fieldwork. The author employs performative writing to exemplify that which exceeds accepted boundaries and normative scholarly representation.
Application of an injury surveillance system to injuries at an industrial facility

We developed a computerized surveillance database employing the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and sampled three months of nonfatal injuries at a large industrial facility. Data from 197 injury visits to the plant medical department were collected. With the addition of some new AIS codes for injuries specific to the workplace, most injuries could be coded and severity scores calculated with good interrater reliability. Neither Maximum AIS nor Injury Severity Score (ISS) predicted restricted or lost work time. Because of its ease of automation and reliability, the AIS can serve as a useful tool for occupational injury surveillance, but its current severity scoring system is not predictive of disability.
Reading the molecular clock from the decay of internal symmetry of a gene.

Abstract The closely related serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding proteins are derived from a common ancestor, which itself was the result of a triplication of an ancestral gene. We have aligned the sequences of these proteins against themselves to assess the degree to which the ancestral 3-fold symmetry has been retained; in a dot plot, relics of the molecular symmetry appear as a series of alignments parallel to the main diagonal. The decay of internal symmetry reflects the rate of change of a gene in a single line of evolutionary descent. We examined 11 serum albumins, 2 ceruloplasmins, 3 alpha-fetoproteins, and 3 vitamin D-binding proteins. We have found that ceruloplasmin evolves at the same rate in human and rat, whereas albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein evolve at different rates. The human genes had the highest alignment scores, indicating the most preserved ancestral features. We conclude that the molecular clock may run at different rates for the same gene in different species.
A solid rotor A-C generator for high-temperature electrical systems

RELIABILITY has always been the primary requirement for aircraft generating systems. The rapid development of high-performance aircraft has continually demanded greater reliability along with increased operating temperatures. These two conditions are not directly compatible. As temperatures increase the choice of insulations and lubricants is narrowed to a few which, in general, have inherently lower mechanical properties than the conventional lower temperature materials. During high-temperature operation these materials, as well as the electromagnetic materials, suffer additional loss in physical and electrical properties. The desired increase in reliability must be achieved despite these obstacles introduced by the increased temperatures.
Adsorption of n-butanol from dilute aqueous solution with grafted calixarenes.

Materials were synthesized for the recovery of n-butanol from dilute aqueous solutions, as may be useful for applications in biofuel–water separations. These materials are composed of hydrophobic, cavity-containing calixarenes covalently bound directly to porous, hydrophilic silica supports through a Si linker atom rather than a flexible organic linker, as is common, at surface coverages of up to ∼0.25 calixarenes/nm2 (∼250 μmol calix/g matl). The calixarene ring size, upper rim groups, bridging group (calixarene vs thiacalixarene), and surface density were varied. The materials were characterized by NMR, UV–vis, and TGA. The absolute butanol uptake reached ∼0.16 mmol butanol per gram of material at equilibrium concentrations below 0.12 M and increased monotonically with the calixarene surface density. The background adsorption onto the silica surface was small at high calixarene loading. At 298 K, the free energy of adsorption in the calixarene cavities became more favorable by 3 kJ/mol as the surface ar...
Photoconductivity research on Cu-Ge

Abstract Photoconductivity and electrical phenomena associated with the 0.04 eV copper acceptor level in germanium have been examined. Experimental data giving the dependence of photosignal I s / I , noise I n IΔf 1 2 , and current on the applied electric field across the copper doped germanium filament are presented for several copper concentrations. Hall mobility and carrier concentration were measured with the sample exposed to ambient radiation. The mobility and carrier concentration data are given as a function of applied field in an effort to correlate the photoconductivity and IE measurements.
Contextualism, Contrastivism, Relevant Alternatives, and Closure

Contextualists claim two important virtues for their view. First, contextualism is a non-skeptical epistemology, given the plausible idea that not all contexts invoke the high standards for knowledge needed to generate the skeptical conclusion that we know little or nothing. Second, contextualism is able to preserve closure concerning knowledge – the idea that knowledge is extendable on the basis of competent deduction from known premises. As long as one keeps the context fixed, it is plausible to think that some closure principle can be articulated that will survive scrutiny. Opponents of contextualism often try to gain an advantage over it by claiming that their view mimics these virtues of contextualism as well as having other virtues. A recent example of the same is termed ‘contrastivism," as presented by Jonathan Schaffer. I will argue that the representation made is chimerical, that in fact contrastivism has no hope of mirroring these twin virtues of contextualism.
The carbohydrate content of apoliprotein E from human very low density lipoproteins

Abstract The carbohydrate content of the E protein of human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was evaluated both by colorimetric methods and by gas liquid chromatography of the trifluoroacetylated 0-methyl glycosides. The major unmodified hexose was noted to be galactose with a mole ratio with respect to protein which ranged from 0.81 to 1.54. N-acetyl glucosamine (molar ratios from 0.52 to 1.76) and N-acetyl galactosamine (molar ratios from 0.73 to 1.59) and the respective unacetylated amino sugars were noted for all of the apoproteins evaluated. Sialic acid (molar ratios from 0.79 to 1.69) was a prominent carbohydrate for each of the E protein preparations. When the apoprotein was exposed to neuraminidase with a resultant loss of two-thirds of the sialic acid, the isoelectric focus behavior was found to be unchanged. The E protein isolated from the very low density lipoproteins of Type III patients (dysbetalipoproteinemia) revealed a carbohydrate content similar to the normals or Type IV patients.
Flux Divison in a Saturable Multipath Core

An mmf drive NI is applied to the major leg of asaturable ferrite core whose three legs are initially at negative saturation. The resulting ?? in the driven leg divides into the other two (minor) legs, one of which is loaded by a resistive load. This division of flux is analyzed, using for each leg the parabolic inelastic switching model ? = ? peak (F) [1-(?/? sat )2], which is valid only if mf F is high enough to switch ? to positive saturation. Calculated plots of flux-division ratio D vs NI for various load values are in quite good agreement with experimental data, except in the region of low NI, where the parabolic mdel is invalid for the longer miner leg.
The inhibition by 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐L‐norleucine of glutamine catabolism of the cultured human lymphoblast

The rapid catabolism of glutamine by the cultured human lymphoblast line WI-L2 can be inhibited greater than 95% by incubation of cell suspensions with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). The inhibition persists for at least four hours after removal of DON from the cell suspension. The exposure of cells to DON ihibits over 95% of the glutaminase activity measured in lysates in the presence of either phosphate or maleate. Similarly, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, assayed with gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide as substrate and glycyglycine as acceptor, is inhibited over 90%. DON-treated and control cells accumulated radioactive material from suspensions containing [14C]-L-glutamine at similar initial rates; the radioactive material accumulated by the DON-treated cells is all recoverable as glutamine while the radioactive material accumulated by untreated cells is principally recovered as glutamate.
Neurological outcomes following intraprocedural rerupture during coil embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECT Intraprocedural rerupture (IPR) of intracranial aneurysms during coil embolization is associated with significant periprocedural disability and death. However, whether this morbidity and mortality are secondary to an increased risk of vasospasm and hydrocephalus is unknown. The authors undertook this study to determine the in-hospital and long-term neurological outcomes for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) treated with coil embolization who suffer aneurysm rerupture during treatment. METHODS The records of 156 patients admitted with SAH from previously untreated, ruptured, intracranial aneurysms and treated with endovascular coiling between January 2007 and January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve patients (7.7%) experienced IPR during coil embolization. RESULTS Compared with the cohort of patients with uncomplicated coil embolization procedures, patients with aneurysm rerupture were more likely to require external ventricular drain (EVD) placement (91.7% vs 58.3%, p...
A New RF System for the ORIC

The Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron RF system has been converted from an RCA 6949 power amplifier to an RCA 4648 power amplifier. The primary incentive was to reduce tube replacement cost; however, improved system performance and reliability were also realized. Existing servo-tuned driver amplifier stages and RF voltage regulator loops were retained. Typical accelerating potential noise levels are about 0.05% to 0.1% peak to peak noise per peak RF voltage.
The human bone sialoprotein gene contains an NF-E1/YY1 cis-acting sequence with putative regulatory activity.

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a noncollagenous matrix glycoprotein localized predominantly in mineralized tissues but also detected in extraskeletal sites undergoing focal mineralization. We have previously characterized the human BSP gene and have shown that the upstream sequence contains inverted TATA and CCAAT motifs at the expected locations from the transcriptional start site (J. M. Kerr et al. [13]) and a potential YY1 binding motif located within the first 30 bp of intron 1 of the human gene. Deletion analyses of the human BSP promoter/exon 1 sequence fused to a CAT reporter gene indicate that CCAAT enhances basal transcription of BSP in transiently transfected rat UMR106-01 BSP osteosarcoma and rat skin fibroblasts. Though this enhancing activity was lost with inclusion of 68 bp of intron containing a YY1 motif in these constructs, reporter activity in the UMR106-01-BSP cells was elevated four- to seven-fold relative to that of rat fibroblasts. Gel electrophoretic mobility shift, UV-crosslinking, and southwestern experiments indicate that YY1 is present only in the extracts of nuclei isolated from the UMR cells and may contribute to the elevated transcriptional activity of the human BSP promoter construct in UMR106-01-BSP.
Achievement, Culture and Personality: The Case of the Japanese Americans

Achievement, Culture and Personality: The Case of the Japanese Americans WILLIAM CAUDILL H lJf1Jara University GEORGE DE VOS University of Michigan INTRODUCTION achievement has on the importance M UCH of the literature on individual abilities, focused the relationship be­ of hereditary or learned as in tween IQ scores and educational or occupational success. In these studies, when discrepancies occur in expected predictions, the discrepancies are at­ tributed to other factors. For example, Terman and Oden (1947) use the added factor of individual personality traits to distinguish between otherwise matched groups-their high achievers being greater in prudence and fore­ sight, self-confidence, will-power and perseverance, and desire to excel. Recent workers have gone on to emphasize that such traits should be seen not only within the framework of the individual personality structure, but that these traits are also related to cultural values receiving very different emphases in lower and middle class levels of American society (Davis et al., 1951; Havighurst and Taba 1949). Some attention has also been given to the factor of ethnic background in accounting for differences in achievement. For example, Terman and Oden (1947) found that their Jewish subjects, while not differing significantly in mean IQ scores from the total group, had higher grades in college, received a higher income, and were concentrated more heavily in professional occupa­ tions. Thus, the indication is for something specific in Jewish culture to ac­ count for these differences, but beyond allusion to its probable importance, this factor has received little systematic elaboration. Early psychological studies of Japanese American children compared with other social and racial groups in California public schools (Darsie 1926; Clark 1927; Fukuda 1930; Bell 1933; Kubo 1934; Strong 1934; Sandiford 1936) give indication of a cultural factor at work which was not fully recognized or ex­ plored at the time. Strong (1934), in summarizing the achievement tests, grades obtained in school, and Binet IQ scores of Japanese American pupils in comparison with other groups in California schools, asks: How shall we explain the fact that the Japanese pupils in Los Angeles have about the same IQ as the average pupil and score about the same on educational tests but ob­ tain strikingly better grades? It may be that they possess to a greater degree than whites those qualities which endear pupils to a teacher; that is, they are more docile, occasion less disciplinary trouble, and give the appearance of being busy and striving to do their best. ... Another explanation would be that they come from poorer homes than the average and early realize that they must make their own way in the world; in consequence, they are better
Electron transport in dye sensitized solar cells with TiO 2 /ZnO core-shell photoelectrode

This paper presents the electron transport in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with TiO 2 /ZnO core-shell photoelectrode. Sol-gel processed ZnO was used to form the shell layer on TiO 2 nanoparticles. DSSC with TiO 2 /ZnO core-shell photoelectrode resulted in 32 % enhancement in the overall photoconversion efficiency compared to DSSC with conventional TiO 2 photoelectrode. Dark, illuminated current-voltage characteristics (I–V) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the DSSC with TiO 2 /ZnO core-shell photoelectrode suggest that formation of ZnO shell on TiO 2 nanoparticles can effectively prevent the electron back reaction from the conduction band of the mesoporous TiO 2 to the surface states and eventually suppressed the recombination of the photoexcited electrons with either a hole available in electrolyte or oxidized dye molecules. The enhancement in short circuit density (J SC ) and open circuit voltage (V OC ) confirmed the suppressed density and activity of surface states at TiO 2 /ZnO/dye/electrolyte interfaces compared to TiO 2 /dye/electrolyte interfaces.
Monolayer culture of normal human esophageal epithelial cells

A method is described for the isolation of epithelial cells from normal human esophagus and the establishment of the epithelial cells in monolayer cell culture using irradiated 3T3 fibroblast feeder layers as a substrate. The monolayer cultures were subsequently used to study the effects of a tumor promoter and carcinogen on human esophageal epithelial cells in vitro.
Fluorescence Decay Kinetics of Wild Type and D2-H117N Mutant Photosystem II Reaction Centers Isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The authors compare the chlorophyll fluorescence decay kinetics of the wild type and the D2-H117N mutant photosystem II reaction centers isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The histidine residue located at site 117 on the D2 polypeptide of photosystem II is a proposed binding site for one of two peripheral accessory chlorophylls located in the reaction center complex. The peripheral accessory chlorophylls are thought to be coupled with the primary electron donor, P680, and thus involved in energy transfer with P680. The conservative replacement of the histidine residue with an asparagine residue allows the chlorophyll to remain bound to the reaction center. However, slight changes in the structural organization of the reaction center may exist that can affect the energy transfer kinetics. The authors show that the D2-H117N mutation causes a shift in the 20--30 ps lifetime component that has been associated with energy equilibration among coupled chlorophylls in the photosystem II reaction center.
Effect of electron beam irradiation on physical, physiochemical, and functional properties of liquid egg yolk during frozen storage

Raw yolk of 1-d-old eggs was either subjected to linear electron beam irradiation at approximately 2.5 kGy dosage or not processed. Both irradiated and nonprocessed egg yolk samples were stored at -15 C after irradiation. Testing was conducted on 0, 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 d of storage. Development of storage modulus (G') was delayed in irradiated samples after 7 d, which suggests that less structure was developed in irradiated egg yolk than in nonprocessed egg yolk during storage. Irradiated samples retained more soluble protein within the first 7 d and showed slightly improved emulsion capacity over that from nonprocessed samples. However, irradiated egg yolk was less bright than nonprocessed samples. No differences were observed in SDS-PAGE patterns of soluble proteins and delipidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). The LDL isolated from irradiated liquid egg yolk showed no difference in N-terminal amino acids compared to that of nonprocessed egg yolk, indicating no detectable cleavage of LDL. However, the denaturation temperature of irradiated samples at Day 0 shifted about 1 C lower than that of the nonprocessed sample. Results indicated that electron beam irradiation did not cause significant physical, chemical or functional changes of egg yolk, or cleavage of egg yolk protein. Therefore, electron beam irradiation could serve as a preservation method for liquid egg yolk.
Immunogold labelling of actin on sections of freeze-substituted plant cells

We have successfully combined the superior ultrastructural preservation capabilities of rapid freeze fixation and freeze substitution (RF-FS) with immunogold antibody localization techniques to label microfilament (MF) bundles with monoclonal antibody to actin in two different plant tissues:Nicotiana pollen tubes andDrosera tentacles. We have thus verified that the extensive MF bundles seen in these cells after RF-FS are composed of actin, a protein that is difficult to preserve by conventional fixation methods for electron microscopy.
Children's health as an input to labor: Intrahousehold food distribution in Rural Indonesia

Abstract This study tests the hypothesis that intrahousehold calorie allocation in rural West Java responds to differences in children's labor contributions to the household. The results support the hypothesis, and also suggest that male children's health is valued more highly by households in the surveyed village than that of female children even after current labor contributions are accounted for.
Information integration with uncertainty

The two problems of information integration and interoperability among multiple sources, and management of uncertain data have received significant attention in recent years. In this paper we study information integration and interoperability among XML sources with uncertain data. We extend query processing algorithms in the semantic-model approach for information integration and interoperability to the case where sources may contain uncertain XML information, and present probability-calculation algorithms for answers to a user query in this approach.
Knowing and Coming-to-Know in John Dewey's Theory of Knowledge

Anyone familiar with some of Dewey's major works knows that they are highly critical of nearly all that has traditionally passed under the name of "epistemology" or "theory of knowledge". Even a casual reading of a few chapters of Reconstruction in Philosophy, The Quest for Certainty or Experience and Nature reveals Dewey's iconoclasm toward "that species of confirmed intellectual lock-jaw called epistemology".1 The source of this attitude is Dewey's belief that all theories of knowledge previous to his own are based upon an unexamined and mistaken conception of knowing. This is that knowing is a relation between a knower and a thing known, in which the knower is essentially a viewer or passive spectator of the thing known. Knowing is conceived on the analogy of seeing an object; it is, as Dewey says, "modeled on what [is] supposed to take place in the act of vision".2 For Dewey, it is not a matter of conse quence how the two members of the knowledge-relation are de scribed. Whether the knower is identified with the self and the
Generation and Functional Characterization of Knock-in Mice Harboring the Cardiac Troponin I-R21C Mutation Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

The R21C substitution in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the only identified mutation within its unique N-terminal extension that is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in man. Particularly, this mutation is located in the consensus sequence for β-adrenergic-activated protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. The mechanisms by which this mutation leads to heart disease are still unclear. Therefore, we generated cTnI knock-in mouse models carrying an R21C mutation to evaluate the resultant functional consequences. Measuring the in vivo levels of incorporated mutant and WT cTnI, and their basal phosphorylation levels by top-down mass spectrometry demonstrated: 1) a dominant-negative effect such that, the R21C+/− hearts incorporated 24.9% of the mutant cTnI within the myofilament; and 2) the R21C mutation abolished the in vivo phosphorylation of Ser23/Ser24 in the mutant cTnI. Adult heterozygous (R21C+/−) and homozygous (R21C+/+) mutant mice activated the fetal gene program and developed a remarkable degree of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Investigation of cardiac skinned fibers isolated from WT and heterozygous mice revealed that the WT cTnI was completely phosphorylated at Ser23/Ser24 unless the mice were pre-treated with propranolol. After propranolol treatment (−PKA), the pCa-tension relationships of all three mice (i.e. WT, R21C+/−, and R21C+/+) were essentially the same. However, after treatment with propranolol and PKA, the R21C cTnI mutation reduced (R21C+/−) or abolished (R21C+/+) the well known decrease in the Ca2+ sensitivity of tension that accompanies Ser23/Ser24 cTnI phosphorylation. Altogether, the combined effects of the R21C mutation appear to contribute toward the development of HCM and suggest that another physiological role for the phosphorylation of Ser23/Ser24 in cTnI is to prevent cardiac hypertrophy.
Construction of a recombinant bacterial human CD4 expression system producing a bioactive CD4 molecule.

ABSTRACT The CD4 protein expressed on helper T lymphocytes is a restriction element for major histocompatibility class II immune responses. This molecule is also used by the human immunodeficiency virus as its specific cellular receptor facilitating binding of virus to cells. As soluble forms of CD4 inhibit HIV infection in tissue culture, attention has focused on this molecule. Bacterially produced CD4 would facilitate studies of the biology of the CD4 molecule. However, bacterially expressed CD4 must be refolded for assumption of its interaction with conformationally dependant anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies as well as the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. We report here the engineering of an external domain construct of the CD4 gene into a novel expression vector containing the nucleotide sequence encoding the pelB leader peptide of Erwinia carotovara (pDABL), to facilitate correct folding of CD4 in bacteria. Monoclonal antibodies specific for important conformational epitopes of the CD4 molecule were able ...
Preparation of a pristine TiO2 anatase (101) surface by cleaving

A natural TiO2 anatase crystal, cut to exhibit its (010) surface, was cleaved by breaking off one of its corners. The resulting sample exhibited a small, flat area ca. 2 mm(2) in size with a (101) orientation as confirmed by LEED. The evolution of the surface morphology was monitored with UHV-STM. After one sputtering/annealing cycle the surface is characterized by periodic ridges that run parallel to the [010] direction. The ridges are ∼ 3 nm high and 10-15 nm wide and have a spacing of 30 nm. Interestingly, [Formula: see text]-oriented step edges are not observed, despite them having the lowest formation energy. The ridges flatten with repeated sputter/annealing cycles. After a total of three cycles a flat surface is achieved, which exhibits trapezoidal terraces that are typical for anatase (101). The importance of preparing such a pristine surface for understanding the surface structure and chemistry of TiO2 anatase is discussed.
Factors Affecting the Permanence of Occupational Health and Safety Topics in Engineering Courses

This paper presents an evaluation of the permanence of changes introduced within the curriculum of the College of Engineering at Tufts University. These changes involved the integration of occupational health and safety engineering resource materials into existing course work. Employing this model, Tufts faculty members developed their own lectures, case studies and laboratory materials for integration into existing courses. The evaluation, that was based on structured interviews of participating faculty and the Dean of the College, suggests that the permanence of changes to curriculum is influenced by a set of intramural parameters within the academic milieu (student interest, available class time, interest on the part of the faculty and administration) as well as by extramural factors such as the increasing prominence of legal liability of practitioners, growing interest on the part of employers and lack of readily usable materials in standard texts concerning occupational health and safety. Recommendations for future activities in these areas are offered and discussed.
Laboratory Tests of Thyroid Function: Uses and Limitations

Laboratory tests are the most commonly used aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of individuals who have thyroid disease. This article briefly summarizes the common methods of laboratory testing relating to thyroid disease and discusses specific information for individual tests on methods of analysis, their limitations, and situations where caution should be used in interpreting the results of thyroid tests.
40Ar/39Ar age of detrital muscovite within Lower Ordovician sandstone in the coastal plain basement of Florida: Implications for west African terrane linkages

Detrital muscovite was concentrated from a core of Lower Ordovician sandstone recovered from 1282 m in the Sun Oil Company, H. T. Parker No. 1 well, Marion County, Florida. The concentrate records a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 504.1±2.1 Ma. The Paleozoic sedimentary section penetrated in this well is part of an extensive subsurface Lower Ordovician-Middle Devonian sedimentary succession characterized by Gondwanan paleontological affinities. The succession has been correlated with sequences of similar age in the Bove Basin of west Africa which unconformably overlie metamorphic units of the Bassaride and Rokelide orogens in Senegal and Guinea. Muscovite within these metamorphic rocks records ca. 500–510 Ma postmetamorphic 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages and was likely a proximal source for the lower Paleozoic clastic detritus represented in the pre-Mesozoic sedimentary sequences beneath the southeastern United States coastal plain.
Sylatron: A Pegylated Interferon for Use in Melanoma

OBJECTIVE:To review the currently available literature on peginterferon alfa-2b (pegIFN [Sylatron]), including its role in therapy and toxicity for adjuvant treatment of locally advanced melanoma.DATA SOURCES:A literature search was performed of PubMed and the American Society of Clinical Oncology abstracts from 1976 to February 2012, using the primary search terms peginterferon alfa-2b, interferon, Sylatron, and melanoma.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All available English-language articles and trials that described the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical activity, or safety profile of pegIFN were reviewed.DATA SYNTHESIS:PegIFN was approved in March 2011 for the adjuvant treatment of node-positive melanoma. Interferon (IFN) is commonly used in patients with melanoma who remain at high risk for relapse following surgery; however, the optimal scheduling and dose are not agreed upon. Pegylation of IFN involves conjugation with polyethylene glycol. Following subcutaneous injection...
Respiratory failure as a first presentation of myasthenia gravis.

BACKGROUND Although respiratory failure commonly occurs during the course of myasthenia gravis (MG), it is rarely described at presentation in patients with previously unrecognized MG. MATERIAL/METHODS We determined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with respiratory failure associated with undiagnosed MG by review of the medical records of all patients who were diagnosed with MG related respiratory failure at four University hospitals. Respiratory failure was defined on the basis of a forced vital capacity < or =1 liter, negative inspiratory force < or =20 cm H2O, or requirement of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Out of 51 MG patients with respiratory failure, 7(14%) patients had no previous diagnosis of MG. Another patient was identified after the review. The mean age of these 8 patients was 56 years (range 23-76 years); six were women. Five had previous episodes of unexplained respiratory failure. On initial evaluation, ocular or bulbar signs were present in 7 patients. The diagnosis of MG was made by edrophonium test (n=3), edrophonium test with positive acetylcholine antibody levels or repetitive nerve stimulation (n=2), repetitive nerve stimulation with positive acetylcholine antibody levels (n=2), and positive acetylcholine antibody levels alone (n=1). Seven patients required mechanical ventilation. Plasma exchange (n=7) or intravenous immunoglobulins (n=1) resulted in successful extubation or resolution of symptoms in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory failure can occur at presentation in MG. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in patients with previous history of unexplained respiratory failures.