cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repetition can have similar or different effects on accurate and false recognition

In two experiments involving the Deese/Roediger and McDermott (DRM) procedure, participants demonstrated false memory when they were presented with semantically related word lists, either 1 time or 5 or 10 times (Experiment 1) or 1 time or 5 or 25 times (Experiment 2), at rates of 20-ms or 2-s/word, followed by a recognition memory test. Following 20-ms exposures, accurate and false recognition increased monotonically with list repetition; following 2-s exposures, list repetition affected accurate and false recognition differently. Accurate recognition increased monotonically with list repetition, whereas false recognition first increased and then decreased with additional repetitions. These findings were consistent with expectations based on fuzzy trace theory and other dual-process accounts. But, they were notably inconsistent with the implicit activation hypothesis and difficult to reconcile with other single-process accounts. Depending on stimulus exposure duration, repetition can affect accurate and false recognition similarly or differently, and it can definitely contribute to false recognition.
Design‐based empirical orthogonal function model for environmental monitoring data analysis

An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) model is proposed as a prediction method for data collected over space and time. EOF models are widely used in a number of disciplines, including Meteorology and Oceanography. The appealing feature of this model is the advantage of not requiring any assumption for the covariance matrix structure. However, there is a need to account for the errors associated with the spatial and temporal features of the data. This is accomplished by incorporating information from the sampling design, used to establish the network, into the model. The theoretical developments and numerical solutions are presented in the first section of the paper. An application of the model to real data and the results of validation analyses are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symptoms of Psychiatric Disturbance in Epilepsy

Abstract To assess the severity and nature of symptoms of psychiatric distress among tertiary center epilepsy patients, we administered the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) to adult patients evaluated at our tertiary center who were diagnosed with Epilepsy (EPI; n = 37), or Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD, n = 38). We compared results in these groups to published studies in normal healthy adults (NHA) and psychiatric outpatients (Psych). Mean global BSI and CES-D scores were both markedly elevated in the EPI and CLD groups compared to NHA but less than Psych. Subscores of the BSI varied among the EPI and CLD groups with higher obsessive compulsive symptoms among CLD patients ( p = .014), higher paranoid symptoms in the EPI group ( p = .021), and a trend toward higher somatization subscores in the CLD group ( p = .054). Symptoms of psychiatric distress including depression are common among tertiary epilepsy center patients as well as patients with CLD.
Regional patterns and trends in cancer mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990–2001

BACKGROUND National estimates of cancer mortality indicate relatively low rates for American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs). However, these rates are derived from state vital records in which racial misclassification is known to exist. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of cancer mortality among AIs and ANs living in counties on or near reservations, the authors used death records and census population estimates to calculate annualized, age-adjusted mortality rates for key cancer types for the period 1996–2001 for 5 geographic regions: East (E), Northern Plains (NP), Southwest (SW), Pacific Coast (PC), and Alaska (AK). Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) also were calculated to compare rates with those in the general United States population (USG) for the same period. To examine temporal trends, MRRs for 1996–2001 were compared with MMRs for 1990–1995. RESULTS The overall cancer mortality rate was lower in AIs and ANs (165.6 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 161.7–169.5) than in the USG (200.9 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 200.7–201.2). In the regional analysis, however, cancer mortality was higher in AK (MRR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17–1.36) and in the NP (MMR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.31–1.44) than in the USG. In both regions, the excess mortality was attributed to cancer of the lung, colorectum, liver, stomach, and kidney. In the SW, the mortality rate for cancer of the liver and stomach was higher than the rate in the USG, in contrast with that region's nearly 4-fold lower mortality rate for lung cancer (MRR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19–0.27). Rates of cervical cancer mortality were higher among AIs and ANs (MRR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62), notably in the NP and SW. Rates of breast cancer mortality generally were lower (MRR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.55–0.66), notably in the PC, SW, and E. Cancer mortality increased by 5% in AIs and ANs (MRR for 1996–2001 compared with 1990–1995: 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08), whereas it decreased by 6% in the USG (MMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.94–0.94). CONCLUSIONS Regional data should guide local cancer prevention and control activities in AIs and ANs. The disparity in temporal trends in cancer mortality between AIs and ANs and the USG gives urgency to improving cancer control in this population. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
A hydrodynamic model for two-phase flow through porous media

Abstract A hydrodynamic model has been developed to predict void fraction and pressure gradient for one-dimensional two-phase flow through porous media. The model includes discussion of flow regimes and their relationship with flow and porous layer configurations. The particle-gas drag, particle-liquid drag and liquid-gas interfacial drag are then evaluated theoretically from the flow configuration associated with each flow regime. The above drag models are then employed in conjunction with force balances on the two phases to obtain the void fraction and pressure gradient as functions of liquid and gas superficial velocities. Results are found to agree very favorably with existing experimental data obtained in both co-current and counter-current flow conditions. It has also been found that this hydrodynamic model is capable of fully describing essential features of the flooding phenomenon observed in counter-current flow of immiscible fluids. Furthermore, counter-current flooding limits predicted using this hydrodynamic model are found to agree well with existing correlations in the literature. Seemingly conflicting experimental observations reported by various authors on the behavior of void fractions and pressure drops near the flooding limit can also be resolved by the present model.
Corrections for the non-isothermal hole pressure problem

Abstract The hole pressure problem is solved computationally for Nylon-6 in cases with significant visous dissipation. Correction factors are proposed and tested to permit the correction of non-isothermal results to give isothermal results.
Nonlinear flutter of loaded plates.

Nonlinear flutter of flat plates under transverse /static pressure/ and in-plane loads, emphasizing low supersonic flow regime
Using minimal source trees for on-demand routing in ad hoc networks

The on-demand routing protocols that have been proposed to date use either path information (e.g., DSR) or distance information (e.g., AODV). We present SOAR, an on-demand link-state protocol based on partial link-state information in which a wireless router communicates to its neighbors the link states of only those links in its source tree that belong to the paths it chooses to advertise for reaching destinations with which it has active flows, SOAR does not require periodic link-state advertisements when there are no link connectivity changes in the network. Simulation studies for several scenarios of node mobility and traffic flows reveal that SOAR performs more efficiently than DSR, which is one of the best performing on-demand routing approaches based on path information.
Towards semantic knowledge propagation from text corpus to web images

In this paper, we study the problem of transfer learning from text to images in the context of network data in which link based bridges are available to transfer the knowledge between the different domains. The problem of classification of image data is often much more challenging than text data because of the following two reasons: (a) Labeled text data is very widely available for classification purposes. On the other hand, this is often not the case for image data, in which a lot of images are available from many sources, but many of them are often not labeled. (b) The image features are not directly related to semantic concepts inherent in class labels. On the other hand, since text data tends to have natural semantic interpretability (because of their human origins), they are often more directly related to class labels. Therefore, the relationships between the images and text features also provide additional hints for the classification process in terms of the image feature transformations which provide the most effective results. The semantic challenges of image features are glaringly evident, when we attempt to recognize complex abstract concepts, and the visual features often fail to discriminate such concepts. However, the copious availability of bridging relationships between text and images in the context of web and social network data can be used in order to design for effective classifiers for image data. One of our goals in this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the functional relationships between text and image features, so as indirectly transfer semantic knowledge through feature transformations. This feature transformation is accomplished by mapping instances from different domains into a common space of unspecific topics. This is used as a bridge to semantically connect the two heterogeneous spaces. This is also helpful for the cases where little image data is available for the classification process. We evaluate our knowledge transfer techniques on an image classification task with labeled text corpora and show the effectiveness with respect to competing algorithms.
Photoaccumulation in Photosystem I Does Not Produce a Phylloquinone Radical

A characteristic EPR spectrum is observed from Photosystem I (PS I) particles that are illuminated under reducing conditions. This signal is thought to arise from the secondary electron acceptor of PS I, A1. This EPR spectrum, along with data from other spectroscopic methods, has been taken as evidence that A1 is phylloquinone. In the work reported here, we have used a methionine auxotroph of Anabaena to deuterate specifically the 2-methyl group on the phylloquinone ring. Mass spectrometry of the isolated quinone shows 65% yield in the labeling procedure. The photoaccumulated A1 EPR spectra in protonated and deuterium-labeled cells are indistinguishable, from which we conclude that the photoaccumulated radical is not phylloquinone.
Near Field Intensity Trends of Main Laser Alignment Images in the National Ignition Facility (NIF)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) utilizes 192 high-energy laser beams focused with enough power and precision on a hydrogen-filled spherical, cryogenic target to potentially initiate a fusion reaction. NIF has been operational for six years and during that time, thousands of successful laser firings or shots have been executed. Critical instrument measurements and camera images are carefully recorded for each shot. The result is a massive and complex database or ‘big data’ archive that can be used to investigate the state of the laser system at any point in its history or to locate and track trends in the laser operation over time. In this study, the optical light throughput for more than 1600 NIF shots for each of the 192 main laser beams and 48 quads was measured over a three year period from January 2009 to October 2012. The purpose was to verify that the variation in the transmission of light through the optics performed within design expectations during this time period. Differences between average or integrated intensity from images recorded by the input sensor package (ISP) and by the output sensor package (OSP) in the NIF beam-line were examined. A metric is described for quantifying changes in the integrated intensity measurements. Changes in light transmission from the NIF main laser over the three year time-frame are presented.
WZW Model, Cosets, and Rational Conformal Field Theory

In the previous chapter, we emphasized the importance of conformal invariance as a stringent requirement that allowed us to calculate many of the simpler Green’s functions from first principles. Because the conformal group has an infinite number of generators, a surprisingly large number of mathematical results flow from the requirement of conformal invariance alone.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons React to Semaphorin 3A Application through a Biphasic Response that Requires Multiple Myosin II Isoforms

Growth cone responses to guidance cues provide the basis for neuronal pathfinding. Although many cues have been identified, less is known about how signals are translated into the cytoskeletal rearrangements that steer directional changes during pathfinding. Here we show that the response of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to Semaphorin 3A gradients can be divided into two steps: growth cone collapse and retraction. Collapse is inhibited by overexpression of myosin IIA or growth on high substrate-bound laminin-1. Inhibition of collapse also prevents retractions; however collapse can occur without retraction. Inhibition of myosin II activity with blebbistatin or by using neurons from myosin IIB knockouts inhibits retraction. Collapse is associated with movement of myosin IIA from the growth cone to the neurite. Myosin IIB redistributes from a broad distribution to the rear of the growth cone and neck of the connecting neurite. High substrate-bound laminin-1 prevents or reverses these changes. This suggests a model for the Sema 3A response that involves loss of growth cone myosin IIA to facilitate actin meshwork instability and collapse, followed by myosin IIB concentration at the rear of the cone and neck region where it associates with actin bundles to drive retraction.
Relationship between the Ocular Dominance and Orientation Maps in Visual Cortex of Monocularly Deprived Cats

The significance of functional maps for cortical plasticity was investigated by imaging of intrinsic optical signals together with single-unit recording in kittens. After even a brief period of monocular deprivation during the height of the critical period, only isolated patches of visual cortex continued to respond strongly to the closed eye. These deprived-eye patches were located on the pinwheel center singularities of the orientation map and consisted of neurons that were poorly selective for stimulus orientation. Neurons in regions surrounding the deprived-eye patches responded only weakly to the deprived eye but were well tuned for the same stimulus orientation that optimally excited them when presented to the open, nondeprived eye. The coincidence of deprived-eye patches with pinwheel center singularities, and the selective loss of orientation tuning within the deprived-eye patches, indicate that the orientation and ocular dominance maps are functionally linked and provide compelling evidence that pinwheel center singularities are important for cortical plasticity.
Reliability and validity of the WATSMART three-dimensional optoelectric motion analysis system.

Reliability and validity of the WATSMART (Waterloo Spatial Motion Analysis Recording Technique) system was evaluated under static and dynamic conditions. In experiment 1, infrared light-emitting diodes (IREDs) were placed at the axis and along the arms of a clinical goniometer. Twelve angles in 5-degree increments were each recorded 10 times at each of three spatial locations. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and analysis-of-variance procedures to determine within-trial variability. The ICCs for all spatial locations exceeded .99. The 95% confidence interval for each angle was less than 0.5 degree in all cases. Criterion-referenced instrument validity was assessed with regression analysis. Slopes of the regression of reconstructed angle on reference angle were close to unity for each spatial location. A systematic error, however, that increased as the goniometer was rotated 45 degrees away from the cameras was evident. In experiment 2, a robotic arm was fitted with four IREDs and made to repeat a defined movement trajectory 10 times at each of three spatial locations. The ICCs for portions of each trajectory ranged from .20 to .99. The results show that reliable and valid results can be obtained from this motion analysis system if adequate precautions are taken to reduce unwanted light reflections. Reliability and validity decreased somewhat as the object was rotated further away from the plane in which the cameras were mounted.
Goal Importance, Self-Focus, and the Goal-Setting Process

In this study we examine the role played by perceived goal importance and self-focus in the goalsetting process. More specifically, this study tests the interactive hypotheses that (a) task performance is a function of goal level, self-focus, and perceived goal importance; (b) goal level is a function of perceptions of past performance, self-focus, and perceived goal importance; and (c) perceptions of past performance are a function of actual past performance, self-focus, and perceived goal importance. Hierarchical regression analysis, using a sample of 88 retail salespersons, revealed empirical support for the first two hypotheses. Specifically, the variables described by control theory account for an increment of 6% and 8% of the variance explained in task performance and self-set goal level, respectively. Finally, implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed. Researchers have shown considerable interest recently in integrating traditional approaches to goal setting with more comprehensive self-regulation theories. One line of research used Bandura's (1982) self-regulation model (Locke, Frederick, Buckner, & Bobko, 1984), whereas another used Powers's (1973) control theoretic model (Campion & Lord, 1982; Fisher, 1983; Lord, Kernan, & Hanges, 1983; Taylor, 1983; Taylor, Fisher, & Ilgen, 1984). The differences between these two approaches to self-regulati on have been laid out by Carver and Scheier (1981, pp. 124-126), who show that relative to Bandura's theory, control theory (a) places more emphasis on behavior maintenance than on behavior change, and (b) places less emphasis on the need for self- or external reinforcement to activate and maintain the self-regulation process. The purpose of the present study is to extend the line of research on goal setting and control theory by examining certain individual differences that according to the theory should influence the relations between past performance, goal level, and future performance. The control theory model of goal setting and task performance has been described by Campion and Lord (1982). Campion and Lord set forth a dynamic goal-setting model in which both self-set goals and environmental feedback are incorporated into a performance-monitoring and performance-determining motivational system. The heart of this system is the negative feedback loop, typically illustrated with simple cybernetic systems such as thermostats. Campion and Lord's (1982) empirical study highlighted two of the differences between traditional goal-setting approaches
A particle separator used to concentrate Dinoflagellate cysts from sediment

A device has been developed to separate and collect large numbers of dinoflagellate cysts from sediment samples of several liters volume. The apparatus consists of a 152.5 × 44.5 × 38-cm fiberglass tank with a 20-µm screen inserted diagonally across the long dimension, creating an inclined plane as the bottom of a settling tank. A peristaltic pump delivers resuspended bottom material to the top of the deep end of the tank. The particles settle according to mass and friction as the water moves to a drain near the top center of the shallow end of the screen. The desired particles can be vacuumed from specific areas of the screen and further refined with a final sieving step. More than 16 L marine mud were processed in this apparatus at one time. In a reference sediment sample collected from beneath New Haven Harbor (Connecticut, USA), cyst recovery was 25% for living cysts. The sediment in the uppermost part of the sorter had approximately 376 times more cysts/mL than the sediment originally added. The cyst fraction (particles 20-100 µm) contained ten times more cysts in the uppermost part of the sorter than at the middle or lower ends. Cysts within the cyst-rich zone of the separator settled differently depending upon species, size, and morphology.
Calcified Splenic Cyst: Report of a Case

A case report of an asymptomatic calcified splenic cyst is presented as an addition to the 31 cases previously recorded in the literature. The diagnosis was made by Roentgen elimination studies, initiated by the observation of an unexpected subdiaphragmatic shadow on a teleroentgenogram of the chest. No etiologic background could be established.
Capnographic monitoring of anesthetized African grey parrots receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation.

Objective—To determine whether end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) correlated with PaCO2 in isoflurane-anesthetized African grey parrots receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Design—Prospective study. Animals—14 healthy mature African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus timnus). Procedure—Each bird was anesthetized via mask with isoflurane, intubated, and connected to a pressure-limited intermittent-flow ventilator. Respiratory rate was altered while holding peak inspiratory pressure constant (5 cm H2O) to achieve a PETCO2 in 1 of 3 ranges: 40 mm Hg. Blood was collected from the superficial ulnar artery of each bird at least once during each of the 3 ranges. Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis while PETCO2 was recorded simultaneously. Results—A strong correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was detected over a wide range of partial pressures, although PETCO2 consistently overestimated PaCO2 by approximately 5 mm...
Expression, purification, and structural study of the EC4 domain of E-cadherin

The objective of this work was to produce unlabeled and 15N-labeled EC4 domain protein from E-cadherin for studying its structure and binding properties to other EC domains as well as to E-cadherin peptides. The EC4 domain of E-cadherin was expressed in Escherichia coli from the vector pASK-IBA6 and localized in the periplasmic space of E. coli. This protein contains a Streptag sequence at the N-terminus, and thus was purified using a Strep-Tactin affinity column. However, at high concentrations the 15N-labeled EC4 protein showed an unstable conformation. Conditions for stabilizing the conformation of this protein were evaluated using CD spectroscopy. The CD results showed that this protein has high conformational stability in Tris buffer at pH 6.0 in the presence of 10 mM calcium chloride.
Exploiting Concurrency to Improve Latency and throughput in a Hybrid Storage System

This paper considers the problem of how to improve the performance of hybrid storage system employing solid state disks and hard disk drives. We utilize both initial block allocation as well as migration to reach “Wardrop equilibrium”, in which the response times of different devices equalize. We show that such a policy allows adaptive load balancing across devices of different performance. We also show that such a policy exploits parallelism in the storage system effectively to improve throughput and latency simultaneously. We implemented a prototype in Linux and evaluated it in multiple workloads and multiple configurations. The results show that the proposed approach improved both the latency of requests and the throughput significantly, and it adapted to different configurations of the system under different workloads.
‘QUESTIONING’ HIV/AIDS-RELATED STIGMA: LIVED DISEMPOWERMENT AND POTENTIAL EMPOWERMENT AMONG GHANAIANS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS

ABSTRACTHIV-related stigma harms People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), families, and even communities of memory. This study examines HIV-related stigma, specifically how PLWHA make sense of their attributional response to the experience of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Sensemaking is explored in the face of HIV/AIDS-related stigma to determine whether participants’ attributional responses partly corroborate the widespread views of disempowerment associated with stigma. PLWHA attribute HIV-related stigma to ignorance, lack of sympathy and lack of empathy. Often, PLWHA portray both their community and government as morally mute or ineffective in handling HIV/AIDS-related stigma. PLWHA's sensemaking themes derive from social injustice and patriarchal bias, which leads to control and domination. The explanations proffer sensemaking implications that might engender attributional responses with transformative empowerment consequences.
Planetary science: Cooking up the Moon in two steps

Compared to Earth, the Moon is depleted in volatile species like water, sodium and potassium. Simulations suggest that much of the Moon formed from hot, volatile-poor melt in a disk of debris after initially amassing cooler, volatile-rich melt.
Felis lynx (Canadian lynx)

Skin biopsies were used for tissue culture; the male cames from an animal farm in Vermont, and was previously published. The female comes from the San Diego Zoological Park, San Diego, California, USA. The karyotype is constructed as those of the other Felidae and shows no noticeable difference from that of F. catus (Folio 31).
MaxCon extended simples and the dispositionalist ontology of laws

Extended simples are physical objects that, while spatially extended, possess no actual proper parts. The theory that physical reality bottoms out at extended simples is one of the principal competing views concerning the fundamental composition of matter, the others being atomism and the theory of gunk. Among advocates of extended simples, Markosian’s ‘MaxCon’ version of the theory (Aust J Philos 76:213–226, 1998, Monist 87:405–428, 2004) has justly achieved particular prominence. On the assumption of causal realism (i.e., on the assumption that a Humean account of causation is false), I argue here that the reality of MaxCon simples would entail the reality of irreducible, intrinsic dispositional properties. The existence of dispositional properties in turn has important implications for another central debate in metaphysics, namely that between two major competing views concerning the ontology of laws: dispositionalism versus nomological necessitarianism.
Simulated prosthetic vision: Perceptual and performance measures

The successes with long-term and routine implantation of cochlear prostheses1, and the demonstration that stimulation of the retina in individuals blind from retinal degenerations can yield reliable phosphene maps,2 have in recent years stimulated the development of early prototypes for a visual prosthesis based on stimulation of secondary retinal neurons.
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of TiAl-SiC and TiAl-Al2O3 intermetallic composites

The Bureau of Mines is interested in developing intermetallic composites not only as substitutes for strategic metals, but to achieve better performance in hostile mining and mineral-processing environments. Intermetallic composites of TiAl with SiC or Al 2 O 3 additions may provide a material with improved high-temperature properties over those of TiAl alone. Development of the SHS process for these types of composites could provide a method for processing materials in an easy and inexpensive manner
Painless Fully Orthogonal Coherent OCDM

Coherent phase coding and phase and polarization diversity detection offer realistic implementation of fully orthogonal large spectral density Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) that is completely free of multiple access interference and speckle noise.
Pointers in the clinical diagnosis of acute peripheral nerve injuries.

Pain, paresthesias, or intense burning in the sensory distribution of a nerve suggest injury to the nerve. Loss of sensation and muscle function may also reveal nerve injury. When assessing sensory loss, it is important to remember that there is considerable overlap between adjacent nerve supply territories. Motor function is often difficult to assess because the patient is reluctant or unable to cooperate because of pain. Deficits associated with injuries of various nerves of the extremities are described in order to provide the physician who deals with acute penetrating injuries or fractures with pointers that might be helpful in deciding whether a nerve has in fact been injured.
Single electrode maps in device troubleshooting.

This article presents case studies in which single-channel mapping was used with patients who were experiencing discomfort while using their cochlear implant devices. Repeated psycophysical testing together with integrity testing had failed to locate the source of the problem in each of the described cases. Single-channel mapping was then used as another means of device troubleshooting. Single-channel maps were created for each electrode across the array. In each case, the patient was able to identify the offending electrode(s) during the presentation of speech stimuli, whereas the problem had not been evident during psychophysical testing with pulse stimuli. Eliminating these electrodes from the map alleviated the problems experienced by these implant users in each case.
The Current State of Stem Cell Therapies in Sports Medicine

The theoretical clinical potential of stem cells in the orthopaedic sports medicine setting is unprecedented. The application of cellular-based treatments, such as stem cells, represents a fascinating and continuously evolving therapeutic approach into treating underlying pathologies. In recent years, technological advancements and innovation have shifted the mindset of clinicians from treating symptomatology to fundamentally altering the underlying disease process at the primordial molecular level. However, confusion created throughout the media and popular press, existence of unlicensed clinics throughout the world, ongoing regulatory debates, safety standards, and ethical concerns are among the many obstacles preventing the widespread clinical use of stem cells. Additionally, researchers and clinicians continue to struggle with identifying ideal dosage, timing, and frequency of treatments required for various indications to achieve maximum effectiveness in tissue-specific sites. Despite these barriers, the orthopaedic clinical application of stem cells has rapidly expanded from animal models to human clinical trials investigating various musculoskeletal conditions. Promising preclinical and clinical studies continue to provide critical insight necessary to fully elucidate the in vivo therapeutic effects of stem cells in the clinical application of orthopaedic sports medicine injuries and pathologies.
A NEW METABOLISM MODEL FOR HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE

Abstract: The human body metabolic regulatory system is very complex, containing thousands of metabolites involved in biochemical reactions. Glucose metabolism is one of the key procedures maintaining daily energy balance. Mobility of glucose is implemented by glucose transporters with different transporting characteristics locally, which are distributed in cells of brain, liver, pancreas, kidney and skeletal muscle, etc. This paper presents a component of a new model that is focused on skeletal muscle which consume energy consistently due to either slight movement or high-energy demanded activities, such as running or swimming. This paper presents a mathematical model where glucose, insulin, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), etc. are introduced and described by ordinary differential equations.
DC and RF characterization of InGaAs replacement metal gate (RMG) nFETs on SiGe-OI FinFETs fabricated by 3D monolithic integration

Abstract We report the first RF characterization of short-channel replacement metal gate (RMG) InGaAs-OI nFETs built in a 3D monolithic (3DM) CMOS process. This process features RMG InGaAs-OI nFET top layer and SiGe-OI fin pFET bottom layer. We demonstrate state-of-the-art device integration on both levels. The bottom layer SiGe-OI pFETs are fabricated with a Gate-First (GF) process with fins and featuring epitaxial raised source drain (RSD) as well as silicide contact layer. The top layer InGaAs nFETs are fabricated with a RMG process featuring a self-aligned epitaxial raised source drain (RSD). We show that the 3D monolithic integration scheme does not degrade the performance of the bottom SiGe-OI pFETs owing to an optimized thermal budget for the top InGaAs nFETs. From the RF characterizations performed (post-3D monolithic process) on multifinger-gate InGaAs-OI nFETs, we extract a cut-off frequency (Ft) of 16.4 GHz at a gate-length ( L g ) of 120 nm. Measurements on various gate lengths shows increasing cut-off frequency with decreasing gate-length.
Writing a Package

Packages are the fundamental way to document, share, and distribute R code and data. Our goal is to write our own packages, and our fair warning is that this chapter is particularly complex because of the many software tools that are employed during R package development.
Accelerated R-COP:A Pilot Study for the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma.

To test the hypothesis that dose intensity/dose density treatment may improve the complete response rate and remission duration in patients with follicular lymphoma (grades I and II, ECOG performance 0–2, Stages III and IV, progressive disease), a combination of known effective agents were administered as follows: rituximab,375 mg/m2; cyclophosphamide, 1000 mg/m2; and vincristine, 2mg (cap), IV every two weeks. Prednisone, 50 mg, was given p.o., every other day for 30 days then tapered over the next 30 days. G- CSF was administered days 7–10 following each treatment. Patients were evaluated for response after 5 and 10 cycles, that included imaging with CT and PET scans. Toxicity was mild to moderate, consisting mainly of paresthesias, requiring attenuation of the vincristine dose in some patients. There were no instances of neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization. In this pilot study, 6 of 7 patients previously untreated achieved a CR, and none have relapsed to date (6+ to 20+ months after completion of treatment). Two heavily treated patients, including relapse from agents used in this regimen, had PRs, lasting 2 and 8+ months. This program is well tolerated with a high CR rate, and may serve as a basis for future trials.
Abstract 4432: A-803467, a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel blocker, modulates ABCG2-mediated MDR in vitro and in vivo

ABCG2 is a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, which has been implicated in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Its diverse range of substrates includes many antineoplastic agents such as topotecan, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. ABCG2 expression has been significantly increased in some solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, which is correlated to poorer clinical outcomes. In addition, ABCG2 expression is a distinguishing feature of cancer stem cells, whereby this membrane transporter impacts resistance to the chemotherapeutic drugs. To enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells, attention has been focused on MDR modulators. In this study, we investigated the ability of a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel blocker, A-803467 to reverse ABCG2-mediated MDR. We found that A-803467 at non-toxic concentration could significantly increase the cellular sensitivity to ABCG2 substrates in drug-resistant cells overexpressing either wild-type or mutant ABCG2. Mechanistic studies indicated that A-803467 (7.5 μM) significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of mitoxantrone by inhibiting the transport activity of ABCG2, without altering its expression level. In addition, A-803467 stimulated the ATPase activity of ABCG2 in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that A-803467 might be a substrate of ABCG2. Binding interactions of A-803467 were found to be in transmembrane region of homology modeled human ABCG2. Interactions of A-803467 with ABCG2 were relatively stronger when compared to the interactions of topotecan with ABCG2. Furthermore, A-803467 (30 mg/kg) with topotecan (3 mg/kg) significantly decreased the growth rate and tumor size of ABCG2 overexpressing tumors in a xenograft nude mouse model. Our findings indicate that A-803467 has the potential to be used in combination with ABCG2 chemotherapeutic substrates to improve the response in drug resistant cancers. Citation Format: Nagaraju Anreddy, Atish Patel, Yun-Kai Zhang, Yi-Jun Wang, Suneet Shukla, Rishil J. Kathawala, Priyank Kumar, Pranav Gupta, Suresh V. Ambudkar, John ND Wurpel, Zhe-Sheng Chen. A-803467, a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel blocker, modulates ABCG2-mediated MDR in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4432. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4432
Understanding the creation of & reducing surface microroughness during polishing & post-processing of glass optics

In the follow study, we have developed a detailed understanding of the chemical and mechanical microscopic interactions that occur during polishing affecting the resulting surface microroughness of the workpiece. Through targeted experiments and modeling, the quantitative relationships of many important polishing parameters & characteristics affecting surface microroughness have been determined. These behaviors and phenomena have been described by a number of models including: (a) the Ensemble Hertzian Multi Gap (EHMG) model used to predict the removal rate and roughness at atomic force microscope (AFM) scale lengths as a function of various polishing parameters, (b) the Island Distribution Gap (IDG) model used to predict the roughness at larger scale lengths, (c) the Deraguin-Verwey-Landau-Overbeek (DLVO) 3-body electrostatic colloidal model used to predict the interaction of slurry particles at the interface and roughness behavior as a function of pH, and (d) a diffusion/chemical reaction rate model of the incorporation of impurities species into the polishing surface layer (called the Bielby layer). Based on this improved understanding, novel strategies to polish the workpiece have been developed simultaneously leading to both ultrasmooth surfaces and high material removal rates. Some of these strategies include: (a) use of narrow PSD slurries, (b) a novel diamond conditioning recipemore » of the lap to increase the active contact area between the workpiece and lap without destroying its surface figure, (c) proper control of pH for a given glass type to allow for a uniform distribution of slurry particles at the interface, and (d) increase in applied load just up to the transition between molecular to plastic removal regime for a single slurry particle. These techniques have been incorporated into a previously developed finishing process called Convergent Polishing leading to not just economical finishing process with improved surface figure control, but also simultaneously leading to low roughness surface with high removal rates.« less
Urinary p75 ECD : A prognostic, disease progression, and pharmacodynamic biomarker in ALS.

Objective: To evaluate urinary neurotrophin receptor p75 extracellular domain (p75 ECD ) levels as disease progression and prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: The population in this study comprised 45 healthy controls and 54 people with ALS, 31 of whom were sampled longitudinally. Urinary p75 ECD was measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay and validation included intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation, effect of circadian rhythm, and stability over time at room temperature, 4°C, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Longitudinal changes in urinary p75 ECD were examined by mixed model analysis, and the prognostic value of baseline p75 ECD was explored by survival analysis. Results: Confirming our previous findings, p75 ECD was higher in patients with ALS (5.6 ± 2.2 ng/mg creatinine) compared to controls (3.6 ± 1.4 ng/mg creatinine, p ECD showing stability across repeated freeze-thaw cycles, at room temperature and 4°C for 2 days, and no diurnal variation. Urinary p75 ECD correlated with the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale at first evaluation ( r = −0.44, p = 0.008) and across all study visits ( r = −0.36, p ECD also increased as disease progressed at an average rate of 0.19 ng/mg creatinine per month ( p p = 0.0035), rate of disease progression from onset to baseline (HR 4.4, p ECD (HR 1.3, p = 0.0004) were predictors of survival. Conclusions: The assay for urinary p75 ECD is analytically robust and shows promise as an ALS biomarker with prognostic, disease progression, and potential pharmacodynamic application. Baseline urinary p75 ECD provides prognostic information and is currently the only biological fluid–based biomarker of disease progression.
What suicide interventions should target

Recent reviews and national statistics indicate that, so far, our field has made limited progress on fulfilling its central mission of preventing future suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). We posit that a fundamental reason for our lack of progress is the way in which our field tends to think about and select STB intervention targets. Specifically, the vast majority of our intervention targets are derived from untested theoretical assertions, moderate correlates of STBs, or weak risk factors for STBs. None of these forms of evidence permits causal inferences, which is problematic because successful STB interventions must target the causes of STBs. To develop effective interventions, we must employ experimental designs to identify targets that are causal, necessary, and viable.
Impaired eye contact in the FMR1 premutation is not associated with social anxiety or the broad autism phenotype.

AbstractObjective: The Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 (FMR1) premutation is a common genetic abnormality, affecting ~1:150 women in the United States. Clinical neuropsychologists are becoming increasingly aware of their role in the clinical management of the FMR1 premutation, which is associated with risk for a range of cognitive, executive, neuromotor, and psychological impairments, including neurodegenerative disease. This study investigated atypical eye contact as a critical neuropsychological phenotype associated with the FMR1 premutation. Methods: Thirty-eight women with the FMR1 premutation and 27 control women engaged in a 20-min conversational sample with an examiner. Eye contact quality was coded from the videotaped samples by blinded coders. Mixed models tested group differences in eye contact during the beginning and the end of the conversation. Social anxiety and broad autism phenotype (BAP) traits were tested as predictors of eye contact quality across the groups. Results: Women with the FMR1...
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Bipolar Chondral Lesions in the Tibiofemoral Compartment.

Background:Treating bipolar chondral lesions in the tibiofemoral (TF) compartment with cartilage repair procedures is challenging, and a suitable treatment remains unclear.Purpose:To evaluate clinical outcomes after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of bipolar chondral lesions in the TF compartment.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:We evaluated 57 patients who underwent ACI for the treatment of symptomatic bipolar chondral lesions in the TF compartment by a single surgeon between October 1995 and June 2014. One patient did not return for follow-up. Thus, 56 patients (58 knees) were included with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. A mean of 3.1 lesions per knee were treated, representing a mean total surface area of 16.1 cm2 (range, 3.2-44.5 cm2) per knee. Bipolar lesions were present in the medial compartment (32 knees) and in the lateral compartment (26 knees). Patients were evaluated with the modified Cincinnati Knee Rating Scale, visual analog scale for pain...
Soft Gluon Resummations in Dijet Azimuthal Angular Correlations in Hadronic Collisions

We derive all order soft gluon resummation in dijet azimuthal angular correlation in hadronic collisions at the next-to-leading logarithmic level. The relevant coefficients for the Sudakov resummation factor, the soft and hard factors, are calculated. The theory predictions agree well with the experimental data from D0 Collaboration at the Tevatron. This provides a benchmark calculation for the transverse momentum dependent QCD resummation for jet productions in hadron collisions.
24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, cognitive performance, and cerebral microbleeds in the elderly (P1.193)

Objective: We analyzed cross-sectional data from a cohort of 90+ year-olds to test the hypothesis that BP variables are associated with cognitive function and cerebral microbleeds (CMB). Background: Multiple studies suggest a role for blood pressure (BP) variability and nocturnal BP dipping in the development of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment. Design/Methods: Study subjects were 121 participants (mean age = 93 years, 63% female) in The 90+Study , a study of aging in individuals aged 90 years and older from a California retirement community and surrounding area. Participants were given a neuropsychological test battery and a neurological exam to determine cognitive status. All subjects underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP measurement with a fully automatic device. MRI scans were available for 26 participants. Over three time frames (24-hour, daytime, nighttime) and separately for SBP and DBP, we represented BP by mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation, average real variability, percentage of high measurements (≥140 mmHg for SBP and ≥90 mmHg for DBP), percentage of low measurements ( Results: Cognitive status was normal in 97 subjects, CIND/demented in 24. Mean nocturnal dips (both SBP and DBP) differed significantly between the two groups, with normal participants having on average greater dip levels (6.6 vs 1.3, p=0.006 for SBP and 11 vs 4.4, p=0.002for DBP). No other BP variable showed a large or significant difference. Conclusions: Among 90+ year olds, nocturnal BP dipping may have a role in cognitive impairment, while SBP variation and diastolic hypertension may contribute to development of microbleeds. Disclosure: Dr. Paganini-Hill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Floriolli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bryant has nothing to disclose. Dr. Greenia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Corrada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kawas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fisher has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Expert witness consulting. Dr. Fisher has received research support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ostuka Pharmaceutical Co.