cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral changes during pregnancy and lactation

Significant calcium transfer from the mother to the fetus and infant occurs during pregnancy and lactation, theoretically placing the mother at an increased risk for osteoporosis later in life. During pregnancy, intestinal calcium absorption increases to meet much of the fetal calcium needs. Maternal bone loss also may occur in the last months of pregnancy, a time when the fetal skeleton is rapidly mineralizing. The calcium needed for breast milk production is met through renal calcium conservation and, to a greater extent, by mobilization of calcium from the maternal skeleton. Women experience a transient loss of approx 3–7% of their bone density during lactation, which is rapidly regained after weaning. The rate and extent of recovery are influenced by the duration of lactation and postpartum amenorrhea and differ by skeletal site. Additional calcium intake does not prevent bone loss during lactation or enhance the recovery after weaning. The recovery of bone is complete for most women and occurs even with shortly spaced pregnancies. Epidemiologic studies have found that pregnancy and lactation are not associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.
Investment Service of Underdeveloped Countries

T HE PROPORTION of foreign exchange receipts absorbed by the service of foreign investments has frequently been regarded as a criterion of the capacity of a country to accept and service successfully additional foreign capital. In this paper such information as is readily available on this proportion, henceforth called the investment service ratio, is presented for the early stages of development for a number of countries that were formerly underdeveloped; and for recent periods for a number of underdeveloped countries. The significance of the investment service ratio as a criterion is assessed briefly in the conclusion.'
Identification and Efficient Estimation of Simultaneous Equations Network Models

This article considers identification and estimation of social network models in a system of simultaneous equations. We show that, with or without row-normalization of the social adjacency matrix, the network model has different equilibrium implications, needs different identification conditions, and requires different estimation strategies. When the adjacency matrix is not row-normalized, the variation in the Bonacich centrality across nodes in a network can be used as an IV to identify social interaction effects and improve estimation efficiency. The number of such IVs depends on the number of networks. When there are many networks in the data, the proposed estimators may have an asymptotic bias due to the presence of many IVs. We propose a bias-correction procedure for the many-instrument bias. Simulation experiments show that the bias-corrected estimators perform well in finite samples. We also provide an empirical example to illustrate the proposed estimation procedure.
A Borenium Cation Stabilized by an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand

Reaction of Mes2BF with trimethylsilyl triflate (Me3SiOTf) and [Ag(IMe)2][Ag2I3] (IMe = 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) in refluxing chlorobenzene affords the carbene-stabilized borenium salt [(IMe)BMes2]OTf ([1][OTf]). As indicated by cyclic voltammetry, [1]+ is reversibly reduced to produce a radical that has been characterized by EPR spectroscopy.
Differential role of tumor necrosis factor receptors in TNBS colitis.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays a central role in the pathology of T helper 1-mediated colitis such as Crohn's disease; however, the role of its 2 receptors in mediating pathology has not been fully explored. Methods: Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis was used to induce colitis in mice lacking each of the TNF receptors (TNFRs) and in wild-type mice. TNFR1−/− mice lost more weight, became hypothermic, and had increased mortality compared with wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. TNFR2−/− mice, however, lost less weight, had normal temperatures, and had improved survival. Results: Despite the improved clinical outcomes in TNFR2−/− mice, TNFα levels were increased in these mice. Conclusions: TNFα signaling through TNFR1 is protective in the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.
Ecological niche modeling as a predictive tool: silverand bighead carps in North America

The silver carp and bighead carp (Cyprinidae), native to eastern Asia, have been introduced into the United States in attempts to improve water quality in aquaculture ponds, reservoirs, and sewage pools. Escaped or released specimens from fish farms have been reported in many states, and both species are already locally established and spreading further. We used the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) to model the niches of these two carps in their native ranges using hydrologic and general environmental parameters in concert with native distributional data. The results accurately predicted native occurrence data withheld from the modeling process (P < 0.01). We then projected the niche models onto the North American landscape. Native niche range models significantly predicted known occurrence data from North American introductions (P < 0.001). Further, the models suggest that both species have the potential of spreading throughout the eastern U.S. and selected areas of the West Coast.
The Role of Chief Executive Officer

The chief executive officer (CEO) holds one of the most important and influential roles in an organization, yet research on the role remains ambiguous, conflicted, and outdated. The purpose of this study was to address the gap between what is reported in the literature and what is known in current practice on the role of CEO. A major goal of this research was to use the insights provided by CEOs to improve our general understanding of the major roles played by CEOs and how they generally allocate their time in various critical functions. This research was also intended to serve those responsible for identifying CEO candidates, recruiting CEOs, coaching CEOs, sustaining an organization’s leadership system, and developing performance matrices for boards of directors who are ultimately responsible for making sure the CEO is effective and efficient.
Characterization of nanoscale transformations in polyelectrolyte multilayers fabricated from plasmid DNA using laser scanning confocal microscopy in combination with atomic force microscopy

Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize changes in nanoscale structure that occur when ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are incubated in aqueous media. The PEMs investigated here were fabricated by the deposition of alternating layers of plasmid DNA and a hydrolytically degradable polyamine onto a precursor film composed of alternating layers of linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (SPS). Past studies of these materials in the context of gene delivery revealed transformations from a morphology that is smooth and uniform to one characterized by the formation of nanometer-scale particulate structures. We demonstrate that in-plane registration of LSCM and AFM images acquired from the same locations of films fabricated using fluorescently labeled polyelectrolytes allows the spatial distribution of individual polyelectrolyte species to be determined relative to the locations of topographic features that form during this transformation. Our results suggest that this physical transformation leads to a morphology consisting of a relatively less disturbed portion of film composed of polyamine and DNA juxtaposed over an array of particulate structures composed predominantly of LPEI and SPS. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis provides additional support for this interpretation. The combination of these different microscopy techniques provides insight into the structures and dynamics of these multicomponent thin films that cannot be achieved using any one method alone, and could prove useful for the further development of these assemblies as platforms for the surface-mediated delivery of DNA.
The University of South Carolina Computer Science Institute

The continuing deficit of computer related specialties is a cause for concern in the state of South Carolina. This deficit could be reduced if the two and four year colleges in the state offered more computer related courses to their students. Most of these colleges lack the appropriately trained faculty. In an effort to retrain existing faculty, a University of South Carolina Computer Science Institute was established in the Summer, 1979. The primary goals of the Institute are to upgrade the computer science competency of existing faculty, to utilize these newly trained faculty members to meet local demand for undergraduate instruction in computer related courses, and to conduct the Institute in a manner that allows statewide cooperation. Thus, participating colleges, knowing their own needs, will be able to integrate computer related courses into their programs of study. The larger colleges will be able to offer Baccalaureate programs with a major in computer science, and the smaller ones can offer two year certificate or training programs.
Storage and retrieval processes in sentence memory

Abstract Two experiments investigated how much time Ss take to verify a sentence with respect to a set of subject-verb-object (SVO) propositions they had learned. Three triplets of SVOs provided differing degrees of equivocation, including (1) unique SVOs, (2) a V with 3 SOs, and (3) an SV with 3 Os. A general class of models was proposed regarding the representation of prepositional trees in memory and an algorithm by which a probe tree might be verified against a set of trees in memory. In Expt I, verification times were least for Condition (1), slower and equal for Conditions (2) and (3). In Expt II, a fourth condition, an SO with 3 Vs, produced verification times as slow as those in Condition (3). Of several models considered, the closest-fitting one assumed parallel search processes proceeding simultaneously from S, V, and O positions of the probe, scanning through memory trees structered according to the HAM (Human Associative Memory) theory of Anderson and Bower.
The clinical utility of Block's ego-resiliency and ego-control scales.

(1969). The Clinical Utility of Block's Ego-Resiliency and Ego-Control Scales. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 165-168.
Amine Solvent Regeneration for CO2 Capture Using Geothermal Energy with Advanced Stripper Configurations

Absorption/stripping using alkanolamine solvents for removing CO2 from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants requires a substantial amount of energy. Typical designs anticipate the use of steam extraction between the Intermediate Pressure (IP) and Low Pressure (LP) turbines to provide heat for the reboiler. Geothermal energy in the form of hot brine offers an alternative to this large parasitic load on the power generation cycle. We investigate the requirements (number and spacing of extraction/injection well pairs) to provide heat at 150°C for a pilot scale (60 MWe ) and a full scale (900 MWe ) capture process for thirty years. The calculations are based on properties of a geopressured/geothermal aquifer near the Texas Gulf Coast. In the vicinity of a large coal-fired power plant in South Texas, this aquifer lies between 3 050 and 3 350 m (10 000 and 11 000 ft) below the surface. We present a novel design of the stripper/regenerator process based on heat exchange with the brine, discharging the brine at 100°C. The results indicate that the overall process is feasible and that costs are of similar magnitude to standard designs.
Energy deposition in microscopic volumes by high-energy protons

Measurements of the frequency distributions of the energy deposited as the result of the passage of high-energy protons through microscopic volumes of biological interest present some unique problems. A method is described which permits the determination of such distributions in arbitrarily shaped volumes having dimensions equivalent to fractions of a micron of unit-density tissue. The method is illustrated for a 1.77-microndiameter tissue sphere, irradiated with 40-MeV protons, and implications to other energies and geometries are made in terms of the generalizations possible from these results. Distributions for various depths in a tissue-like phantom are also presented.
Nucleotide sequence of a 3.5 kilobase fragment of malignant catarrhal fever virus strain WC11

A 3.5 kilobase DNA fragment of the malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV), strain WC11, was mapped with a number of restriction enzymes, subcloned and sequenced. The fragment was subcloned into plasmid vector, pUC19, for direct sequencing. A complete open reading frame of 2,058 base pairs and a partial open reading frame of 630 base pairs were identified. The sequence of 3,389 nucleotides was compared to other herpesviruses. A 310 base pairs sequence in gene A was 57% homologous to a sequence in reading frame BXLF1 of Epstein-Barr virus strain B95-8.
Optimal pricing of reusable and recyclable components under alternative product acquisition mechanisms

Product recovery facilities (PRFs), which process discarded product returns as well as sell the recovered components, play a vital role in the promotion of product reuse and recycle. The financial woes of many PRFs can be attributed to the product recovery costs and the inventory control of recovered components. Fluctuations in the demand for recovered components and unpredictability of the pattern and timing of discarded product returns make inventory management difficult. Pricing of recovered components is an effective strategy to control inventory and boost the revenues. This work determines the optimal prices of reusable and recyclable components when a PRF has to adhere to a legislation which limits the disposal quantity. In the first and second scenarios considered, the PRF passively accepts product returns, whereas in the third and fourth, it proactively acquires them. Single type discarded products are processed in the first and third scenarios and multi-type products in the second and fourth. An ...
Swedish police selection and training: issues from a comparative perspective

Compares the relationship of selection and training of police officers in Sweden and the USA. The ability to identify stable, effective police officers continues to baffle police administrators. The selection of US police officers has become a complex procedure that often requires six months to complete, consuming a great deal of the department’s recruiting resources. In spite of such intricate investigations, rates of dropouts in recruit training and termination for misconduct is high. In Sweden, law enforcement is considered one of the highest regarded professions. More than 8,000 individuals compete for the approximately 400 law enforcement positions filled annually. In comparison to most US police departments, Sweden’s selection process appears simplistic; however, a minute number of officers have been lost through terminations or drop out from training. The current study compares the relationship between the Swedish community’s perception of the police, the ability to select from a large pool of applicants, and an elaborate three‐year education/ socialization period with the US public perception of the police, an intricate selection process, and relatively short training period. Implications of the potential changes in Sweden’s selection and training process are also discussed.
Chromosome doubling of haploid maize seedlings using nitrous oxide gas at the flower primordial stage

In maize, inbred lines are used for the production of hybrid varieties. Corn breeders and researchers have considered using haploids to develop inbred lines; however, this procedure has not been practically applied because of the inefficiency of chromosome doubling of maize haploid seedlings. In this report, a procedure has been developed to overcome this difficulty. Maize haploid seedlings obtained from eight different genotypes were treated with nitrous oxide gas (2 days at 600 kPa). Treatment at the six-leaf stage (flower primordia formation stage) significantly increased the occurrence of fertile sectors on both tassels and ears so that approximately half (44%) of the treated haploids produced kernels after self-pollination. In the control, only 11% of haploids produced selfed kernels owing to spontaneous chromosome doubling. A strong genotypic effect on the occurrence of fertile sectors after the treatment was observed. This procedure can be used for inbred line development in maize breeding programmes.
CURRENT STATUS OF BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY: SCIENCE AND REGULATION

(1988). Current Status of Behavioral Teratology: Science and Regulation. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1-10.
A universe of binding and computation

We construct a logical framework supporting datatypes that mix binding and computation, implemented as a universe in the dependently typed programming language Agda 2. We represent binding pronominally, using well-scoped de Bruijn indices, so that types can be used to reason about the scoping of variables. We equip our universe with datatype-generic implementations of weakening, substitution, exchange, contraction, and subordination-based strengthening, so that programmers need not reimplement these operations for each individual language they define. In our mixed, pronominal setting, weakening and substitution hold only under some conditions on types, but we show that these conditions can be discharged automatically in many cases. Finally, we program a variety of standard difficult test cases from the literature, such as normalization-by-evaluation for the untyped lambda-calculus, demonstrating that we can express detailed invariants about variable usage in a program's type while still writing clean and clear code.
Comparison of regional vs. systemic analgesia for post-thoracotomy care in infants.

SummaryBackground In infants, post-thoracotomy analgesia traditionally consists of systemic opiates, while regional techniques have gained more favor in recent years. We compare the two techniques for thoracotomy in infants. Methods All consecutive patients below 6 months of age who underwent thoracotomy for congenital pulmonary malformations in the study period were retrospectively divided according to the chosen postoperative analgesia: Group S systemic opiates, Group R continuous regional (epidural or extrapleural paravertebral) block. We studied the following outcomes: need for NICU and mechanical ventilation, pain score, requirement for additional analgesics, heart rate 1 h postsurgery, time to pass first stool and to full feed, complications, and duration of hospitalization. Results Forty consecutive patients were included, 19 in Group S and 21 in Group R. Median age at surgery was 89 days (40–110) and 90 days (46–117), respectively. Five of 19 patients in Group S vs none in Group R required postoperative intensive care (P = 0.017). Patients in Group R had significantly lower postoperative heart rate (145 [138–150] vs 160 [152–169] b·min−1, P = 0.007), earlier passage of first stools (24 h [12–24] vs 36 h [24–48] P = 0.004), and earlier time to full feed (36 h [24–48] vs 84 h [60–120] P = 0.0001) than those in Group S. The only observed complication was one catheter dislocation. Conclusion In infants undergoing thoracotomy, loco-regional analgesia is effective and associated with a reduced intensity of postoperative care and earlier full feeding than systemic analgesia; it should therefore be considered a better option.
Organosilane high polymers: synthesis of formable homopolymers

Preparation par polycondensation de dihalogenure de silicium organique avec une dispersion de sodium. Obtention de polymeres solubles dans la plupart des solvants organiques fondant sans decomposition, pouvant etre moules ou etires en fibres ou roules en films
On the law of the iterated logarithm for canonical U-statistics and processes

Abstract The law of the iterated logarithm for canonical or completely degenerate U -statistics with square integrable kernel h is proved, for h taking values in R , R d and, in general, in a type 2 separable Banach space. The LIL is also obtained for U -processes indexed by canonical Vapnik-Cervonenkis classes of functions with square integrable envelope and, in this regard, an equicontinuity condition equivalent to the LIL property is quite helpful. Some of these results are then applied to obtain the a.s. exact order of the remainder term in the linearization of the product limit estimator for truncated data; a consequence for density estimation is also included.
Abortion, Salvation, and Direct Activism

Descriptions of antiabortion activism have referred to an apparent paradox: prolife picket lines and "rescue" groups often include women who have had abortions themselves. Six women among the 80 prolife direct activists, or "rescuers," I interviewed had had abortions, and all 6 emphasized the dramatic role their own abortions played in their decisions to sit-in. Their narratives repudiated facile explanations for their involvement (such as hypocrisy) and suggested a link between activists' understanding of salvation and their participation in direct action. The drama inherent in such abortion stories---expressions of anguish and remorse--played a major role in prolife rhetoric. Abortion experiences informed individuals' involvement in prolife direct action, and such personal experiences served to. confirm rescuers' beliefs. The stories considered here illustrate the roles life-history narratives play in motivating political activism and show how the nature of direct action practice shaped its adherents' views.
Nutrition Science Education for Teachers Via The World Wide Web

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To increase knowledge in designing a nutrition course via the World Wide Web. Continuing education for teachers is essential in the fields of science, health, and family and consumer sciences, but opportunities for education are not always accessible. Nutrition Science Online was designed to provide professional development education to teachers from their homes or schools via the Internet with objectives to: increase knowledge of nutrition science; apply nutrition concepts to personal situations; gain ideas for nutrition science experiments in the classroom; and increase computer skills. A course was developed using a web-based point and click set of menus. The ten-week syllabus covered five units of nutrition science - carbohydrates, fats, protein, energy balance, and vitamins/minerals. In each unit, participants were guided to perform off-line activities in their homes or schools or on-line activities such as World Wide Web searches and posting information online. Participants worked in small groups (called "pods") to read each others' work and complete specific tasks. Three instructors were responsible for three groups, each with 1-3 pods. Assignments were posted in the pod or group message area. Unsolicited comments were encouraged in the "virtual cafe", and recipes, lesson plans, feedback on experiments or debates were posted in separate areas. Links to web sites were located in the "library". An initial, in-person workshop was provided for the local participants, and follow-up workshop was held to share lesson plans and collect evaluation information. All course instructions were contained in a coursebook distributed at the first workshop, as well as displayed online. Thirty-three teachers registered for the course, including two from Michigan. Although some participants experienced computer problems, most were actively engaged with the course. Structuring a course with small groups and separate Internet areas for posting messages or searching for material resulted in a course that was easy to follow and enjoyable for the learner. Evaluation results will be discussed. Supported in part by an Eisenhower Foundation Award from the Mass. Board of Higher Education.
Optimal VLSI circuits for sorting

This work describes a large number of constructions for sorting N integers in the range [0, M - 1], for N ≤ M ≤ N2, for the standard VLSI bit model. Among other results, we attain:VLSI sorter constructions that are within a constant factor of optimal size, for all M and almost all running times T.a fundamentally new merging network for sorting numbers in a bit model.new organizational approaches for optimal tuning of merging networks and the proper management of data flow.
Uptake of lead, cadmium and zinc by the fairy shrimp, Branchinecta longiantenna (Crustacea: Anostraca)

Individuals of the fairy shrimp, Branchinecta longiantenna,were subjected to 5 concentrations (0.1 to 15 mg 1-1) of Pb in diluted habitat water at 13 °C. Lead concentrations (mg kg-1 wet weight) in the animals were determined at 2-day intervals by digestion in nitric acid followed by atomic absorption analysis. The shrimp were also subjected to 0.1 mg 1-1 media of Cd and Zn, separately.
Contexts of Marriage in Medieval England: Evidence from the King's Court circa 1300

In medieval England, as in the rest of Christian Europe, marriages contracted privately and solely by the exchange of words of present consent something like "I here take you as my legitimate wife [husband]" were considered binding even without consummation from the late twelfth century. Such marriages would be enforced by the ecclesiastical courts, even if the enforcement required a divorce between a man and woman solemnly married in church.' Such a divorce, of course, was never a divorce in the modern sense, but rather an annulment, a judicial declaration that since one of the parties to that church ceremony had already been married, the ecclesiastical ceremony had not produced a marriage at all. The original, privately contracted marriage stood in full force. The moral problems faced by the ecclesiastical courts in such matters were substantial; the problems presented for the king's court, particularly in matters relating to property rights, were no less so. The practice of the ecclesiastical courts in this regard is now fairly clear, but the context of the cases heard there is not. R. H. Helmholz has examined the evidence from the ecclesiastical courts.2 The best of this evidence, however, falls after the middle of the fourteenth century. The plea rolls of the king's court, on the other hand, provide a certain amount of excellent material from the decades around 1300. Moreover, evidence from ecclesiastical courts tends to treat marriage litigation as a self-contained unit, whereas
A Multiregional Population-Projection Framework That Incorporates Both Migration and Residential Mobility Streams: Application to Metropolitan City—Suburb Redistribution

In this paper the author introduces a population-projection framework that incorporates interregional migration and intraregional residential mobility streams to project future population sizes both across and within regions in a manner that is consistent with existing migration theory. The author presents a general matrix model of the framework, shows how its parameters can be estimated from fixed-interval census migration data, and discusses how the framework can be employed to ‘update’ population projections when recent, more limited data sets become available. These features of the framework are demonstrated with intrametropolitan central-city-suburb projections for selected US Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas over the period, 1970–2020.
The structure of a novel polysaccharide produced by Bradyrhizobium species within soybean nodules.

Certain strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii produce a polysaccharide within the root nodules of their legume host, soybean. These nodule polysaccharides (NPSs) were isolated and characterized. The NPS produced by B. elkanii strains proved to be identical in glycosyl composition and linkages to the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) of this species indicating that the NPS and EPS for B. elkanii have identical structures (W.F. Dudman, Carbohydr. Res., 66 (1978) 9-23), [formula: see text] However, the structure of the NPS from B. japonicum proved to be quite different from that of its EPS. Methylation analysis of this NPS showed that it consists of 3-linked Gal, 3-linked Rha, 2,4-linked Rha, 4-linked Rha, and terminal 2-O-methyl GlcA in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio. Stereochemical configurations of the glycosyl residues were determined by the preparation and analysis of trimethylsilyl (Me3Si) (-)-2-butyl glycosides. NMR spectroscopy (both 1H and 13C) showed that the Gal residue is alpha-linked, while all the other glycosyl residues are beta-linked. Oligosaccharides produced by periodate oxidation-Smith degradation were purified, as were oligosaccharides produced by partial acid hydrolysis. Characterization of the Smith degradation products by methylation analysis. NMR spectroscopy, electrospray-mass spectrometry, and characterization of the partial acid hydrolysate oligosaccharides showed that the repeating oligosaccharide unit of the NPS has the structure, [formula: see text]
Lack of the serotonin transporter does not prevent mineralocorticoid hypertension in rat and mouse.

Abstract We hypothesized that lack of a functional serotonin transporter (SERT) would increase basal blood pressure and enhance the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension compared to wild type (WT) controls. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured in WT and SERT knockout (KO) mice and rat models through radiotelemetry. Basal blood pressures were not different between respective WT and KO. Moreover, blood pressure elevated similarly (∼ 50 mm Hg) in all strains given DOCA and salt. Thus, the lack of functional SERT did not prevent development of DOCA-salt induced hypertension or modify basal blood pressure significantly.
BODY NITROGEN AND NITROGENOUS EXCRETION IN NEOMYSIS RAYII MURDOCH AND EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA HANSEN1

The rates of nitrogenous excretion in the form of ammonia, amino acids, urea, and total nitrogen are determined for Neomysis rayii and Euphausia pacifica at two temperatures, 10 and 4C. Temperature has a marked effect on the excretory rates. Ammonia-N is the dominant form of excretion in both species (72–87% of nitrogen excreted), and the amounts of amino nitrogen excreted by both organisms are much lower than reported by earlier authors for other zooplankton. There is evidence that amino-N is excreted below 6C. Small quantities of urea are excreted by Euphausia pacifica only. Neomysis rayii excretes 25 µg N/mg body nitrogen per day at 10C and 15 µg N/mg body nitrogen per day at 4C. Euphausia pacifica excretes 21 µg N/mg body nitrogen per day at 10C and 12 µg at 4C. While starved, these species catabolize proteins almost exclusively and lose about 2% of body protein per day.
Determination of diphenhydramine in rat milk and plasma and its effects on milk composition and mammary gland nucleic acids

To study the excretion of diphenhydramine into rat milk, milk and plasma concentrations of diphenhydramine were determined in lactating rats after single or multiple oral doses. Four hours after a single dose of 40 or 100 mg/kg of diphenhydramine, milk concentrations of the drug averaged 0.30 and 2.2 μg/mL, respectively, in two experiments, and the milk:plasma ratios ranged from 4.4 to 7.5. Multiple doses did not significantly affect the plasma or milk concentrations or the milk:plasma ratios, which were similar to the theoretical milk:plasma ratio based on pH partitioning for this compound (i.e., 4.0). Although the concentration of diphenhydramine was higher in milk than in plasma, the estimated dose received by the pups (0.057 mg/kg/d) based on the milk concentrations was much lower than that given to the mother. Oral diphenhydramine treatment at doses which significantly reduced maternal food consumption had no effect on milk solid, lipid, protein, or lactose concentrations, nor on mammary gland RNA or DNA content, indicating that diphenhydramine did not adversely affect lactation.
Efficacy of a microwave antenna for ablation of the tricuspid valve--inferior vena cava isthmus in dogs as a treatment for type 1 atrial flutter.

Introduction: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the tricuspid valve-inferior vena cava (TV-IVC) isthmus for treatment of atrial flutter (AFL), may in some cases require a large number of energy applications and a long procedure and fluoroscopy time.
The einstein equivalence principle, intrinsic spin and the invariance of constitutive equations in continuum mechanics

The invariance of constitutive equations in continuum mechanics is examined from a basic theoretical standpoint. It is demonstrated the constitutive equations which are not form invariant under arbitrary translational accelerations of the reference frame are in violation of the Einstein equivalane principle. Furthermore, by making use of an analysis based on statistical mechanics, it is argued that any frame-dependent terms in constitutive equations must arise from the intrinsic spin tensor and are negligible provided that the ratio of microscopic to macroscopic time scales is extremely small. The consistency of these results with existing constitutive theories is discussed in detail along with possible avenues of future research.
Observations of a Florida Waterspout during CaPE

Abstract A case of a waterspout that developed from a relatively small cumulus cloud is presented. This is believed to be the first time that detailed Doppler radar information on a parent cloud has ever been collected. Vertical cross sections of radar reflectivity confirmed that the waterspout formed during the growth stage of the parent cloud and dissipated when a rain shower from a descending precipitation core reached the surface. Although the waterspout was as close as 15 km from the radar, a pronounced rotational couplet was not detected below 1 km MSL owing to the small width of the vortex. Surprisingly, the largest azimuthal shear within cloud in excess of 20 × 10−3 s−1 was recorded as the waterspout dissipated. Results from past studies suggest that the vortex documented in this paper was typical of many waterspout events and, accordingly, may be difficult to resolve with the use of the new WSR-88D even at close ranges.
Automated lobe-based airway labeling

Regional quantitative analysis of airway morphological abnormalities is of great interest in lung disease investigation. Considering that pulmonary lobes are relatively independent functional unit, we develop and test a novel and efficient computerized scheme in this study to automatically and robustly classify the airways into different categories in terms of pulmonary lobe. Given an airway tree, which could be obtained using any available airway segmentation scheme, the developed approach consists of four basic steps: (1) airway skeletonization or centerline extraction, (2) individual airway branch identification, (3) initial rule-based airway classification/labeling, and (4) self-correction of labeling errors. In order to assess the performance of this approach, we applied it to a dataset consisting of 300 chest CT examinations in a batch manner and asked an image analyst to subjectively examine the labeled results. Our preliminary experiment showed that the labeling accuracy for the right upper lobe, the right middle lobe, the right lower lobe, the left upper lobe, and the left lower lobe is 100%, 99.3%, 99.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Among these, only two cases are incorrectly labeled due to the failures in airway detection. It takes around 2 minutes to label an airway tree using this algorithm.
Optimal conditions for immunoelectrophoresis of some soluble bovine lens antigens.

It was demonstrated that the conventional conditions for immunoelectrophoresis of lens antigens with respect to pH, temperature and specific conductance of buffer may not be adequate. The best results were obtained with a Tris-phosphate buffer with a specific conductance equivalent to that of 0·025 m KCl, at 4°C with a pH of 6·0–7·5. The optimum conditions, however, varied depending upon which lens antigen was being studied. Immunization of rabbits to bovine lens antigens was considerably more successful when relatively purified protein fractions were utilized rather than the total soluble lens protein fraction.
Review of "EDP Auditing, by Weber, Ron", McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982

This book provides an excellent overview of EDP auditing concepts that could be useful to almost any person with an interest in computers. The overall organization is such that the material could be used for general or specific applications for various individual backgrounds.
Lorentz transformations as inner derivations in string field theory and the associativity anomaly revisited

Abstract Lorentz transformations of string fields are shown to be generated by inner derivations. This is explicitly checked using the operator formulation of string field theory. An associativity anomaly then appears in much the same manner as when checking translations as inner derivations.
The interpersonal nature of power and status

Although social power is typically defined as an interpersonal construct, most empirical studies of power in psychology have not examined interpersonal relationships per se, in contrast to research on social status. This is surprising because both constructs have relational origins. We re-assert the importance of adopting a relational perspective in the study of both power and status and highlight recent research that has implications for this perspective. In our review, we focus on two themes. One involves interpersonal consequences of power and status differences in relationships. The other involves the process of making inferences about others' power and status.
Behavioral pre-conditioning enhances angiogenesis and cognitive outcome after brain trauma

Abstract Objectives: In this study, we used Marmarou's model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sought to determine: (1) the effect of TBI on cognitive outcome measured on a radial arm maze; (2) the effect of behavioral conditioning before TBI, i.e. pre-conditioning, on cognitive outcome; (3) the effect of pre-conditioning on angiogenesis. Methods: Cognitive outcome was measured by performance on an eight-arm radial maze. Behavioral conditioning consisted of daily exposure of animals to the radial arm maze. Latency and number of errors were recorded as an index of overall performance and acquisition of the test. Extent of angiogenesis was measured by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) immunofluorescence and by determining capillary density. Results: Our results indicated that trauma alone causes significant cognitive impairments. Pre-conditioning caused a marked improvement in radial arm maze performance following injury. These results coincide with both a significant increase in VEGF...
Low Frequency Filtering Of Digital Radiographic Images

To display the wide range of attenuation values in a computed radiographic image, mathematical processing to suppress low frequency information is often used. This increases the apparent visibility of low contrast structures and permits the simultaneous display of these structures in all areas of the image. Low frequency suppression is performed by subtracting from each pixel in the image a fraction of the weighted mean of a number of surrounding pixels. This produces a degree of edge enhancement which results in an image similar in appearance to that of a Xeroradiograph. The fraction of the weighted mean and the number of surrounding pixels to be used in the filtering process can be varied, thus producing varying degrees of edge enhancement and low frequency suppression. We have investigated the effect of different low frequency filtering parameters on the recognition of low density lung nodules. Digital radiographs of an anthropomorphic phantom which contained lesions ranging in size from 3 to 20 mm were obtained using the GE SV 8800 system. Different filters were applied and images were obtained on film. The detectability of the lesions using the different filter parameters was determined.
PARTICIPATION, INFLUENCE, AND SATISFACTION AMONG MEMBERS OF PROBLEM-SOLVING GROUPS.

The relative contributions of participation and influence to the acceptance of decisions in problem-solving groups were examined. Fifteen 4-person and 5 3-person groups solved the Assembly Problem....
On the Overall Energy Efficiency of a High-Performance Solar Energy Residential Building

This paper describes the energy performance of a solar house over its first year of monitoring. The 2007 Solar Decathlon house currently sits on Santa Clara University’s campus at 60.4 m2 . The house is powered entirely by solar PV and solar thermal off the grid. This solar energy house is heavily instrumented with more than 100 sensors to measure temperatures, humidity, power consumption of electric appliances, lighting, water, and performance of a 7.2 kW solar PV array and a sophisticated HVAC system. The instrumentation includes a full weather station. The house is divided into two interconnected modules, and constructed with high thermal insulation and sustainable materials. The instrumentation also allows quantifying energy performance of individual components as well as the overall energy performance of the house. The paper focuses on the complete energy balance of the house as a function of weather conditions, and of the performance of individual components. Of particular interest is the performance of the solar PV and solar thermal systems. The solar thermal system includes an absorption air conditioning unit, integrated with a thermal storage tank to provide all energy needs for water consumption and heating. The I-V curves of the full PV array are reported, demonstrating peak, off-peak, and seasonal performance and deviations from manufacturers’ conditions. Similarly, the overall COP of the solar-driven HVAC system is reported for both cooling and heating modes. Finally, it is shown how data can be used to demonstrate improvement of simulation tools for solar building energy performance. Although data has been collected since March 2009, this paper focuses on performance during summer 2009.© 2010 ASME
Magnetized target fusion-an overview

Summary form only given. Magnetized target fusion (MTF) consists of the hydrodynamic compression of a wall-confined, hot, magnetized DT plasma to ignition conditions. Even in the absence of self heating, parameter studies have shown that targets with gains as high as ten are possible. To reduce the radiative energy loss from the plasma so that conduction is the major energy loss mechanism, the initial density of the DT is much lower than that used for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This makes the targets larger, and the reduced losses allow a lower compression rate, so that the implosion time can be long and the necessary power and intensity on target can be very low. The parameter space for MTF is intermediate in density and time scales between those of ICF and magnetic-confinement for fusion energy (MFE).
Warm‐core eddy discovered in Gulf of Mexico

Thermal infrared satellite data of June 6 and 8 (Figure 1) reveal that a new large warm-core anticyclonic eddy has recently separated from the Loop Current within the Gulf of Mexico. On June 8, the eddy's dimensions were 546×300 km, with a center at 26° 20.9′ N latitude, 88° 05.8′W longitude. The eddy was justifiably named “Eddy Whopper.” The distance between the eddy and the Loop Current increased by about 70 km during the 56 hours that elapsed between the images shown. Separation of the eddy was preceded by southwestward advection of cool Florida shelf water observed between May 31 and June 6 (Figure la).
PRODUCTION OF MEMBRANE WHORLS IN RAT LIVER BY SOME INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Inhibitors of protein synthesis capable of differential effects on nascent peptide synthesis on membrane-bound and free polyribosomes were employed to investigate the structure and function of cellular membranes of liver. The formation of membranous whorls in the cytoplasm and distension of nuclear membranes were induced by inhibitors of protein synthesis (i.e., cycloheximide and emetine) which predominantly interfere with nascent peptide synthesis on membrane-bound polyribosomes in situ. Other inhibitors of protein synthesis such as puromycin and fusidic acid, which inhibit nascent peptide synthesis on both free and membrane-bound polyribosomes, and chloramphenicol, which inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis, did not induce these alterations. Cycloheximide, puromycin, and chloramphenicol produce some common cellular lesions as reflected by similar alterations in morphology, such as swelling of mitochondria, degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and aggregation of free ribosomes. The process of whorl formation in the cytoplasm, the incorporation of [3H]leucine and of [3H]choline into endoplasmic reticulum and the total NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity of the endoplasmic reticulum were determined. During maximum formation of membranous whorls, [3H]leucine incorporation into cytoplasmic membranes was inhibited, while [3H]choline incorporation into these structures was increased; maximum inhibition of protein synthesis and stimulation of choline incorporation into endoplasmic reticulum, however, preceded whorl formation. Cycloheximide decreased the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase of rough endoplasmic reticulum, but increased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, cycloheximide decreased the content of hemoprotein in both the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of rat liver, and the activities of mixed function oxidase and of oxidative phosphorylation were impaired to different degrees. Succinate-stimulated microsomal oxidation was also inhibited. The possible mechanisms involved in the formation of membranous whorls, as well as their functions, are discussed.
Adjuvant disease-prevention with complete Freund's adjuvant and with mineral oil alone.

SummaryRats pretreated with various doses of Mycobacterium butyricum in mineral oil were protected against the induction of adjuvant disease 28 days later. Single 12.5 and 50 μg doses provided almost total protection. A 200 μg dose induced mild disease by itself, but prevented an anamnestic response following inductive challenge on the 28th day. Pretreatment with mineral oil alone afforded moderate, but significant protection. There were significant differences between these results and those obtained following inductive challenge on the 14th day.
Dependence of Rydberg-state field-ionization thresholds on | m l |

The variation of field-ionization thresholds due to the ${m}_{l}$ quantum number is calculated using a classical model. Results are compared to the $|{m}_{l}|$-dependent field-ionization thresholds of sodium Rydberg states. An approximate solution and scaling laws are presented.
Analysis of supersaturated designs via the Dantzig selector

Abstract A supersaturated design is a design whose run size is not enough for estimating all the main effects. It is commonly used in screening experiments, where the goals are to identify sparse and dominant active factors with low cost. In this paper, we study a variable selection method via the Dantzig selector, proposed by Candes and Tao [2007. The Dantzig selector: statistical estimation when p is much larger than n . Annals of Statistics 35, 2313–2351], to screen important effects. A graphical procedure and an automated procedure are suggested to accompany with the method. Simulation shows that this method performs well compared to existing methods in the literature and is more efficient at estimating the model size.