cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pitressin Tannate Therapy in Diabetes Insipidus

IN RECENT YEARS VARIOUS TECHNICS have been employed to increase the efficacy of endocrine therapy by decreasing the rate of absorption of parenterally administered hormones (1-7). It is apparent that the clinical value of such efforts depends not only upon the effectiveness with which hormone absorption is delayed, but also upon the success with which the absorption of a relatively constant quantity of hormone meets physiological requirements. Thus it might be anticipated that delaying the ab’ sorption of hormones such as the estrogens and an drogens would be more efficacious clinically than delaying the absorption of insulin, since in the case of the latter, there is a great increase in hormone requirement several times daily. It would appear likely that in the case of pitressin a decrease in the rate of absorption might prove to be very efficacious clinically since it is well known that the most satisfactory regulation of the polydypsia and polyuria in patients with diabetes insipidus is obtained by adm...
Assessment of Self-Reported Physical Activity in Patients With Chronic Pain: Development of an Abbreviated Roland-Morris Disability Scale

Abstract The Roland-Morris Disability Scale has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of disability in persons with chronic pain. A short form with psychometric properties similar to the full scale would have numerous benefits, including decreased patient assessment burden and scoring time. On the basis of data obtained from 993 individuals with chronic pain screened for admission to a multidisciplinary pain management program, an 11-item short form of the Roland scale was developed using procedures and models from item response theory. This short form was found to be a good predictor of the 24-item parent scale and a previously published 18-item short form. The 11-item scale also demonstrated concurrent validity with measures of pain intensity and depression. Item content reflected limitations in specific functional behaviors. Perspective Brief measures of important pain-related variables can be created using item response theory (IRT). In this study, a reliable and valid 11-item version of the Roland-Morris Disability Scale was created using IRT. Clinicians and researchers might consider using this scale when patient or subject assessment burden is an issue.
Nonresponse to Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in a Patient with Depression, Substance Abuse and Personality Disorder

The authors report the case of a patient with a history of episodic, severe clinical depression who demonstrated an apparent absence of response to ECT. His illness was complicated by substance abuse and personality disorder. The vicissitudes of his course of treatment are described and the literature on ECT in depressed patients with substance abuse and personality disorder is reviewed. The heterogeneity of depression, and its relation to the ECT consultation process, is briefly discussed.
18F-ASEM, a Radiolabeled Antagonist for Imaging the α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor with PET

The α7-nicotinic cholinergic receptor (α7-nAChR) is a key mediator of brain communication and has been implicated in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders. None of the currently available PET radioligands for α7-nAChR are suitable for quantitative PET imaging, mostly because of insufficient specific binding. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of 18F-ASEM (18F-JHU82132) as an α7-nAChR radioligand for PET. Methods: The inhibition binding assay and receptor functional properties of ASEM were assessed in vitro. The brain regional distribution of 18F-ASEM in baseline and blockade were evaluated in DISC1 mice (dissection) and baboons (PET). Results: ASEM is an antagonist for the α7-nAChR with high binding affinity (Ki 5 0.3 nM). 18F-ASEM readily entered the baboon brain and specifically labeled α7-nAChR. The in vivo specific binding of 18F-ASEM in the brain regions enriched with α7-nAChRs was 80%–90%. SSR180711, an α7-nAChR–selective partial agonist, blocked 18F-ASEM binding in the baboon brain in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the binding of 18F-ASEM was mediated by α7-nAChRs and the radioligand was suitable for drug evaluation studies. In the baboon baseline studies, the brain regional volume of distribution (VT )v alues for 18 F-ASEM were 23 (thalamus), 22 (insula), 18 (hippocampus), and 14 (cerebellum), whereas in the binding selectivity (blockade) scan, all regional VT values were reduced to less than 4. The range of regional binding potential values in the baboon brain was from 3.9 to 6.6. In vivo cerebral binding of 18 FASEM and α7-nAChR expression in mutant DISC1 mice, a rodent model of schizophrenia, was significantly lower than in control animals, which is in agreement with previous postmortem human data. Conclusion: 18 F-ASEM holds promise as a radiotracer with suitable imaging properties for quantification of α7-nAChR in the human brain.
Dynamic Data Driven Multi-Agent Simulation

Networks of sensors and simulation models of the physical environment have been implemented separately, often using agent-based methodologies. Some work has been done in providing real-time integration of sensors and models. Given the distributed nature of geospatial processes, the use of software agents for representation, communication, and analysis seems to be a reasonable basis for such integration. An agent-based system that senses the actual presence of mobile organisms in a spatial environment and simultaneously represents simulated organisms individually in a model of that environment is described here.
Vaginal and cervical cancers and other abnormalities associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol and related synthetic hormones.

In 1971 a link between maternal diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy during pregnancy and the later occurrence of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in female offspring exposed to the drug in utero was 1st reported. Patients ranged from 7 to 28 years of age at the time of diagnosis. A registry now has data on almost 300 such cases. The registry address is: MARP Room 303 5841 Maryland Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637. Because DES-type hormones were not given to some of the mothers of these cancer patients other factors also play a role in the etiology of these cancers. In all cases when dates are precise the drug was given before the 18th week of gestation. Cancers related to DES therapy have not been reported in male offspring. Doses and duration of therapy have varied widely. As many as 2 million mothers may have been so treated. Benign vaginal adenosis has also been present in cancer cases and in 1/3 of other exposed patients. Cervical ectropion has been observed in most cases. Other benign abnormalities have also been described. All exposed girls should be examined by the age of 14 or earlier if symptoms are present. Further investigation is also needed. Colposcopy and iodine staining are useful adjuncts to these examinations. Biopsies may be needed. Local destructive measures can be used when atypical changes are found. Vaginal adenosis has not progressed to cancer. Use of oral contraceptives by exposed patients has not been considered contraindicated.
Operational characteristics of a 100-mA, 2-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole

A 100-mA, 2.07-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ III) has been commissioned and operated routinely on the accelerator test stand (ATS) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. To characterize the RFQ output beam dynamics, measurements were made of the beam transmission and of the transverse and longitudinal phase-space distributions. Data were taken for different RFQ III operating conditions and compared to simulations. >
A Novel algorithm for identifying low-complexity regions in a protein sequence

Motivation: We consider the problem of identifying low-complexity regions (LCRs) in a protein sequence. LCRs are regions of biased composition, normally consisting of different kinds of repeats. Results: We define new complexity measures to compute the complexity of a sequence based on a given scoring matrix, such as BLOSUM 62. Our complexity measures also consider the order of amino acids in the sequence and the sequence length. We develop a novel graph-based algorithm called GBA to identify LCRs in a protein sequence. In the graph constructed for the sequence, each vertex corresponds to a pair of similar amino acids. Each edge connects two pairs of amino acids that can be grouped together to form a longer repeat. GBA finds short subsequences as LCR candidates by traversing this graph. It then extends them to find longer subsequences that may contain full repeats with low complexities. Extended subsequences are then post-processed to refine repeats to LCRs. Our experiments on real data show that GBA has significantly higher recall compared to existing algorithms, including 0j.py, CARD, and SEG. Availability: The program is available on request. Contact:[email protected], [email protected]
The RDIS project: unifying robot description through model-based software engineering

When writing robotics applications, a nonexistent driver for a given target device and target framework could mean a headache for the team. Writing drivers for robots is a very specific skill as it requires knowledge both of the specifications of the target device and of the semantics contained in the target framework. While certainly possible, it is a task that may seem daunting for all but the seasoned roboticist.
The Tropical Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Global Wind Oscillation

Abstract The global wind oscillation (GWO) is a subseasonal phenomenon encompassing the tropical Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and midlatitude processes like meridional momentum transports and mountain torques. A phase space is defined for the GWO following the approach of Wheeler and Hendon for the MJO. In contrast to the oscillatory behavior of the MJO, two red noise processes define the GWO. The red noise spectra have variance at periods that bracket 30–60 or 30–80 days, which are bands used to define the MJO. The correlation between the MJO and GWO is ∼0.5 and cross spectra show well-defined, coherent phase relations in similar frequency bands. However, considerable independent variance exists in the GWO. A basic dynamical distinction occurs in the direction of midlatitude wave energy dispersion, being predominantly meridional during a MJO and zonal during the GWO. This is primarily a winter season feature centered over the Pacific Ocean. A case study during April–May 2007 focuses on the GWO and two...
Effect of installation parameters on performance of hot-poured crack sealants

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different installation parameters, namely, rout geometry, crack treatment type (rout & seal, clean & seal), overbanding, installation temperature and pre-installation pavement condition rating on the performance of crack sealants. Eight hot-poured crack sealants were installed in three test sites that experience low temperatures. The field performance of crack sealants was evaluated for two consecutive years by conducting detailed field surveys. The field database consisted of 38 sections containing a total of 487 cracks. The collected field survey data were used to assign a performance index (PI) to each sealant in this study. According to the preliminary results obtained from the field surveys within two years after installation, crack sealants installed in smallest rout geometry exhibited best acceptable performance among all the rout geometries. Sealants that were installed by the clean & seal method showed poor performance compared with their rout & seal counterparts on the same test section. On the other hand, overbanding showed improvement in the performance of crack sealants. Traffic volume and overheating of sealants appeared to deteriorate performance of sealants. Underheating of sealants and pre-installation pavement condition rating of pavement showed no clear trend on the performance of sealants.
Quantifying the Uncertainty of Design Floods under Nonstationary Conditions

AbstractEstimating design quantiles for extreme floods in river basins under nonstationary conditions is an emerging field. Nonstationarities could arise from a variety of human and natural factors such as urbanization and climate change. Concepts of return period, design quantile (return level), and risk have already been developed for situations in which increasing or decreasing trends and abrupt shifts in extreme events are present. Because of limited data records, sampling variability, model errors, and the errors in projections into the future, significant uncertainties in the estimates of design floods of future projects will arise. To address the issue of uncertainty resulting from limited sample size of the observations, three methods have been developed for computing confidence intervals for the design quantile corresponding to a desired return period under a nonstationary framework, including (a) delta, (b) bootstrap, and (c) profile likelihood methods. These methods have been developed assuming...
Understanding Variation in Transcription Factor Binding by Modeling Transcription Factor Genome-Epigenome Interactions

Despite explosive growth in genomic datasets, the methods for studying epigenomic mechanisms of gene regulation remain primitive. Here we present a model-based approach to systematically analyze the epigenomic functions in modulating transcription factor-DNA binding. Based on the first principles of statistical mechanics, this model considers the interactions between epigenomic modifications and a cis-regulatory module, which contains multiple binding sites arranged in any configurations. We compiled a comprehensive epigenomic dataset in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, including DNA methylation (MeDIP-seq and MRE-seq), DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hmC-seq), and histone modifications (ChIP-seq). We discovered correlations of transcription factors (TFs) for specific combinations of epigenomic modifications, which we term epigenomic motifs. Epigenomic motifs explained why some TFs appeared to have different DNA binding motifs derived from in vivo (ChIP-seq) and in vitro experiments. Theoretical analyses suggested that the epigenome can modulate transcriptional noise and boost the cooperativity of weak TF binding sites. ChIP-seq data suggested that epigenomic boost of binding affinities in weak TF binding sites can function in mES cells. We showed in theory that the epigenome should suppress the TF binding differences on SNP-containing binding sites in two people. Using personal data, we identified strong associations between H3K4me2/H3K9ac and the degree of personal differences in NFκB binding in SNP-containing binding sites, which may explain why some SNPs introduce much smaller personal variations on TF binding than other SNPs. In summary, this model presents a powerful approach to analyze the functions of epigenomic modifications. This model was implemented into an open source program APEG (Affinity Prediction by Epigenome and Genome, http://systemsbio.ucsd.edu/apeg).
Observations on the measurement of R&D productivity: a case study

Recent concerns over national and corporate competitiveness have stimulated a renewed interest in the measurement of R&D productivity. However, the complexity of measurement problems in R&D organizations has resulted in a situation where there is a scarcity of generally accepted techniques. The authors review the major measurement issues connected with R&D productivity and presents the results of a case study to develop a R&D productivity measurement system. They describe the process of designing such a system for a high-tech product-development organization, and also provide a reduced list of ten R*D productivity indicators for ongoing monitoring purposes. >
Preempting the future: rhetoric and ideology of the future in political discourse

This article posits that an important ideological component of political discourse derives from its representation of the future and the rhetorical functions those representations serve in implicat...
Self-efficacy and Social Support Mediate the Relationship Between Internal Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviors in College Students

Background: Internal health locus of control has been associated with positive health outcomes and behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms of this relationship are key to designing and implementing effective health behavior intervention programs. Purpose: The purpose was to examine whether self-efficacy and social support mediate the relationship between college students’ health locus of control and the health behaviors of physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and dietary fat intake. Methods: Eight hundred thirty-eight college students at 2 public universities in the southeastern United States completed online surveys of health locus of control, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and dietary fat and self-efficacy and social support of those behaviors from July to September 2013. Mediation was tested with product of coefficients approach. Results: Self-efficacy and social support mediated the relationship between health locus of control and physical activity behaviors and fruit and veg...
Does Rail Transit Save Energy or Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Far from protecting the environment, most rail transit lines use more energy per passenger mile, and many generate more greenhouse gases, than the average passenger automobile. Rail transit provides no guarantee that a city will save energy or meet greenhouse gas targets. While most rail transit uses less energy than buses, rail transit does not operate in a vacuum: transit agencies supplement it with extensive feeder bus operations. Those feeder buses tend to have low ridership, so they have high energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile. The result is that, when new rail transit lines open, the transit systems as a whole can end up consuming more energy, per passenger mile, than they did before. Even where rail transit operations save a little energy, the construction of rail transit lines consumes huge amounts of energy and emits large volumes of greenhouse gases. In most cases, many decades of energy savings would be needed to repay the energy cost of construction. Rail transit attempts to improve the environment by changing people's behavior so that they drive less. Such behavioral efforts have been far less successful than technical solutions to toxic air pollution and other environmental problems associated with automobiles. Similarly, technical alternatives to rail transit can do far more to reduce energy use and CO2 outputs than rail transit, at a far lower cost. Such alternatives include the following: * Powering buses with hybrid-electric motors, biofuels, and - where it comes from nonfossil fuel sources - electricity; * Concentrating bus service on heavily used routes and using smaller buses during offpeak periods and in areas with low demand for transit service; * Building new roads, using variable toll systems, and coordinating traffic signals to relieve the highway congestion that wastes nearly 3 billion gallons of fuel each year; * Encouraging people to purchase more fuel-efficient cars. Getting 1 percent of commuters to switch to hybrid-electric cars will cost less and do more to save energy than getting 1 percent to switch to public transit. If oil is truly scarce, rising prices will lead people to buy more fuel-efficient cars. But states and locales that want to save even more energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions will find the above alternatives far superior to rail transit.
A Model of the Styles of Handling Conflict, Marital Satisfaction, and Instability

This study tested two structural equations models of (a) wife's conflict management styles (integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising) and husband's perception of marital satisfaction and marital instability; and (b) husband's conflict management styles and wife's perception of marital satisfaction and instability. Data were collected with published questionnaires from 125 married couples. Both structural equations models indicate the following relationships: (a) obliging and compromising styles were positively associated and dominating and avoiding styles were negatively associated with integrating style, which was associated with marital satisfaction, and (b) marital satisfaction, in turn, was negatively associated with marital instability.
Book Review: "Foundations of Educational Technology: Integrative Approaches and Interdisciplinary Perspectives"

J. Michael Spector's Foundations of Educational Technology: Integrative Approaches and Interdisciplinary Perspectives is intended as an introductory-level textbook for graduate students and upper-level undergraduates seeking an orientation to foundational principles in educational technology. The book is successful in its intended purpose, but Spector's presentation of educational technology as a non-reductive and cross-disciplinary field creates structural tensions between the text's intended role as introductory survey and the underlying complexity of its philosophical hermeneutic. DOI: 10.2458/azu_itet_v1i1_lyman
Lattice Boltzmann-Based Approaches for Pore-Scale Reactive Transport

Important geoscience and environmental applications such as geologic carbon storage, environmental remediation, and unconventional oil and gas recovery are best understood in the context of reactive flow and multicomponent transport in the subsurface environment. The coupling of chemical and microbiological reactions with hydrological and mechanical processes can lead to complex behaviors across an enormous range of spatial and temporal scales. These coupled responses are also strongly influenced by the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the geologic formations. Reactive transport processes can change the pore morphology at the pore scale, thereby leading to nonlinear interactions with advective and diffusive transport, which can strongly influence larger-scale properties such as permeability and dispersion. Therefore, one of the greatest research challenges is to improve our ability to predict these processes across scales (DOE 2007). The development of pore-scale experimental and modeling methods to study reactive processes involving mineral precipitation and dissolution, and biofilm dynamics allows more fundamental investigation of physical behavior so that more accurate and robust upscaled constitutive models can be developed for the continuum scale. A pore-scale model provides fundamental mechanistic explanations of how biogeochemical processes and pore-scale interfacial reactions alter flow paths by pore plugging (and dissolving) under different geochemical compositions and pore configurations. For example, dissolved CO2 during geological CO2 storage may react with minerals in fractured rocks, confined aquifers, or faults, resulting in cementation (and/or dissolution) and altering hydrodynamics of reactive flow. This can be observed in a natural analogue where primary porosity in sandstone is cemented by carbonate precipitates, affecting dissolved CO2 flow paths at the Little Garde Wash Fault, Utah (e.g., Fig. 1a–b). Several other examples demonstrating macroscopic characteristics of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation in Figure 1 include an elongated concretion along the groundwater flow direction, CaCO3 precipitation along the vertical pathway sealed …
Polymorphs and Aurophilic Interactions in Colorless Crystals of Au2(μ-1,2 bis-(diphenylarsino)ethane)X2, (X = Cl, Br, I)

Solutions containing the components Au+, dpae (dpae is 1,2 bis-(diphenylarsino)ethane), and X– (X is Cl, Br, or I) can produce two different types of crystals with the composition Au2(μ-dpae)X2: colorless blocks and colorless needles. Crystallographic studies of these crystals show that they are polymorphs with different structural motifs. In the α-polymorphs, which are isostructural, individual molecules of Au2(μ-dpae)X2 form discrete dimers through two identical Au···Au contacts. In the β-polymorphs, which each have unique crystallographic parameters, the Au2(μ-dpae)X2 molecules assemble into polymeric chains through aurophilic interactions. The Au···Au contacts in the α-polymorph (3.1163(2), 3.1064(3), and 3.0842(2) A for Cl, Br, I, respectively) are somewhat shorter than those in the β-polymorph (3.1668(3), 3.1042(8), and 3.1046(2) for Cl, Br, I respectively). The systematic study we now report shows an increase in the strength of this aurophilic interaction for the α-form in the series X = Cl < Br < ...
Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Soft Tick (Acari: Argasidae) Salivary Antigens of High Molecular Weight

The purpose of this study was to immunologically characterize soft tick salivary antigens. BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with salivary gland extract prepared from Ornithodoros talaje (Guerin-Meneville) were observed to develop high titers of antitick salivary antigen antibodies. Subsequent fusion of splenic lymphocytes from the hyperimmunized mice with SP-2/0-AG14 myeloma cells resulted in the production of 10 antitick IgM-producing hybridoma clones. Partial characterization of the respective tick antigens by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE demonstrated all 10 monoclonal antitick antibodies to be reactive with a salivary gland extract fraction containing proteins 50-110 kDa in molecular weight. Cross-reactivity assays and electrophoretic comparison of salivary gland extract specimens demonstrated similar proteins in several ixodid tick genera and species.
What's different about heart disease in women?

Learn how the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of coronary artery disease differ between the sexes.MY MOTHER-IN-LAW, “Nana” as she's known in the farming community where she spent her first 72 years, entered our home one crisp November morning after walking a mile from her ranch. She complained of
Inhibitory effect of L-ascorbate on tumor formation in urinary bladders implanted with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.

SummaryA 2 × 2 factorial experiment was done to test the interaction of ascorbic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid on the development of malignant and total tumors in the urinary bladders of mice. An analysis of the data showed that the probability of survival was the same in all groups of mice and that ascorbic acid inhibited the anticipated carcinogenic effect of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.
Small‐fibre neuropathy in a patient with dermatomyositis and severe scalp pruritus

Dermatomyositis (DM) is commonly associated with scalp pruritus that can be severe. In addition, significant crawling and burning sensations have been reported in these cases. The aetiology of these scalp sensations in the context of DM is not fully understood. We report a 42-year-old female with treatment-resistant DM and structural changes in scalp epidermal and dermal nerve fibres. The patient presented with characteristic skin manifestations (Gottron's papules and poikiloderma), severely pruritic scalp, intermittent muscle weakness on neurological exam with electrodiagnostically confirmed myositis, and joint pain. Structural changes in scalp epidermal and dermal nerve fibres were discovered in a skin biopsy, suggesting that small-fibre neuropathy associated with scalp pruritus may be a manifestation of the DM syndrome. Further clinical experience combined with selective skin biopsy in patients with DM and symptomatic scalp will help determine the frequency of coexistent small nerve fibre involvement. Based on our limited findings, we suggest that pruritus in DM may be associated with abnormal epidermal and dermal nerve fibre structure.
Relation between orality and weight.

In order to test the psychoanalytic theory of obesity, the Dynamic Personality Inventory of T. G. Grygier was administered to two groups of females (obese and normal weight, ns = 35). No significant differences between groups were found and the tenability of the theory of obesity and suitability of the scales were questioned.
Under co-construction

With the advent of information and communication technologies, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become a new medium for discursive interaction among learners in the classroom. In particular, an important extension of situated learning theory and community of practice for web-based communities has been a rapidly growing interest among researchers who are interested in how people socialize themselves into a discourse community in the online environment and how they use language to construct group affiliations and social identities. Using membership categorization analysis, this study aims to present the fine-grained details of participants' situated categorization practices in an online community of practice for bilingual pre-service teachers. Findings show how bilingual pre-service teachers utilized community-building features of mutual engagement, a joint enterprise, and shared repertoire proposed by Wenger's (1998) community of practice framework. Ultimately, this study argues for creating an online community of practice for culturally and linguistically diverse pre-service teachers that allows the use of multiple varieties of language, including their heritage language. An online community of practice (CoP) was co-constructed by bilingual pre-service teachers.Membership categorization analysis (MCA) provided the fine-grained details about social interactions among participants.Instances of mutual engagement and a joint enterprise were manifested in the online discussion data.Affective stance was used as a shared repertoire among pre-service teachers.Personal narratives, including multiple varieties of languages, were found in the online CoP.
Gender and Resistance in Turkey: On Myths of Liberty and Salvation

Providing a critique of contesting discourses on gender in contemporary Turkey, this symposium article argues that discourses about gender in Turkey are still informed by myths and epics of liberty and salvation -- whether such liberty and salvation comes from Kemalism, religion, or different notions of secularism.
Determinants of filter lifetime

Filter lifetime is difficult to predict; some filters fail quickly, whereas others last for months or years. Despite extensive research on factors that affect filter performance, little is known regarding the relationship between properties of an incoming aerosol and filter life. This article provides some guidelines regarding this relationship.
Alethic fictionalism, alethic nihilism, and the Liar Paradox

Recently, several philosophers have proposed fictionalist accounts of truth-talk, as a means for resolving the semantic pathology that the Liar Paradox appears to present. These alethic fictionalists aim to vindicate truth-talk as a kind of as if discourse, while rejecting that the talk attributes any real property of truth. Liggins (Analysis 74:566–574, 2014) has recently critically assessed one such proposal, Beall’s (The law of non-contradiction: new philosophical essays. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 197–216, 2004) constructive methodological deflationist (henceforth, ‘CMD’), offering objections to Beall’s proposed alethic fictionalism that potentially generalize to other alethic fictionalist accounts. Liggins further argues that CMD supports a classically consistent response to the Liar Paradox—one that can be extracted from CMD, while leaving its putatively problematic fictionalist elements behind in favor of alethic nihilism. In this paper, after establishing that Liggins’s criticisms of CMD are off base, we show that the classical resolution of the Liar Paradox that he proposes is unworkable. Since his resistance to alethic fictionalism turns out to be unmotivated, we conclude that this approach is still worth considering as a framework for a resolution of the Liar Paradox.
Gray Power: Hope for the Ages

Publisher Summary Hope plays a powerful role in the aging process. Goals, pathways thinking, and agency thinking lead to beneficial outcomes in children and younger adults. These same processes do not stop when an individual turns 65. Thus, it is believed that successful aging and life satisfaction are associated with continued levels of high hope in the later stages of life. Conversely, decreased life satisfaction and increased disease states may be associated with lower levels of hope in elderly individuals. The chapter describes high- and low-hope elderly individuals. It further discusses the role of goals in the later stages of life. It also addresses the roles that society designates for older individuals and how these roles affect the setting and attaining of goals. The chapter elaborates the goal impediments and blockages that occur as a result of the aging process. Subsequently, it considers how elderly persons use pathways to maneuver impediments to traditional goals, as well as to cope with goal loss. It discusses agentic thought in terms of the potential decreases in energy levels and strength (as well as other changes) that older adults face as a result of the aging process. Thereafter, it reviews the vital role of agency in older adults' accepting changes and modifying their goals. The chapter suggests applications of hope for successful aging.
Opportunities for Pharmacists and Student Pharmacists to Provide Clinical Preventive Services

Pharmacists and student pharmacists can play an important role in providing clinical preventive services as specified by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The USPSTF guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services for the general population. The purpose of this paper is to provide information to pharmacists and student pharmacists developing and implementing preventive health care services. Examples of successful pharmacy-based programs are also provided. Pharmacists and student pharmacists can provide preventive health care interventions by conducting screenings, providing education, and making referrals. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties Type: Idea Paper
Medication-Assisted Treatment for Adolescents in Specialty Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

Abstract Purpose The American Academy of Pediatrics recently recommended that pediatricians consider medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for adolescents with severe opioid use disorders. Little is known about adolescents' current use of MAT. Methods We use data on episodes of specialty treatment for heroin or opioid use (n = 139,092) from a database of publicly funded treatment programs in the U.S. We compare the proportions of adolescents and adults who received MAT, first using unadjusted comparison of proportions, then using logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. Results Only 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4%–3.7%) of adolescents in treatment for heroin received MAT, as compared to 26.3% (95% CI, 26.0%–26.6%) of adults. Only .4% (95% CI, .2%–.7%) of adolescents in treatment for prescription opioids received MAT, as compared to 12.0% (95% CI, 11.7%–12.2%) of adults. Regression-adjusted results were qualitatively similar. Conclusions Regulatory changes and expansions of Medicaid/CHIP coverage for MAT may be needed to improve MAT access.
Variable temporal sampling and tube current modulation for myocardial blood flow estimation from dose-reduced dynamic computed tomography

Quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. However, there are no widely accepted clinical methods for estimating MBF. Dynamic cardiac perfusion computed tomography (CT) holds the promise of providing a quick and easy method to measure MBF quantitatively. However, the need for repeated scans can potentially result in a high patient radiation dose, limiting the clinical acceptance of this approach. In our previous work, we explored techniques to reduce the patient dose by either uniformly reducing the tube current or by uniformly reducing the number of temporal frames in the dynamic CT sequence. These dose reduction techniques result in noisy time-attenuation curves (TACs), which can give rise to significant errors in MBF estimation. We seek to investigate whether nonuniformly varying the tube current and/or sampling intervals can yield more accurate MBF estimates for a given dose. Specifically, we try to minimize the dose and obtain the most accurate MBF estimate by addressing the following questions: when in the TAC should the CT data be collected and at what tube current(s)? We hypothesize that increasing the sampling rate and/or tube current during the time frames when the myocardial CT number is most sensitive to the flow rate, while reducing them elsewhere, can achieve better estimation accuracy for the same dose. We perform simulations of contrast agent kinetics and CT acquisitions to evaluate the relative MBF estimation performance of several clinically viable variable acquisition methods. We find that variable temporal and tube current sequences can be performed that impart an effective dose of 5.5 mSv and allow for reductions in MBF estimation root-mean-square error on the order of 20% compared to uniform acquisition sequences with comparable or higher radiation doses.
Clinic-Level Population Health Intervention by PGY2 Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Residents to Optimize Medication Management in a Self-Insured Employer Health Plan Population:

Background:Postgraduate year 2 ambulatory care pharmacy residents (PGY2 residents) may be able to improve healthcare quality by providing clinical pharmacy services provided to self-insured employe...
Elbow Dislocations in the Emergency Department: A Review of Reduction Techniques.

Abstract Background Elbow dislocations are one of the most common large joint dislocations and they require urgent reduction in the emergency department. Posterior dislocations are the most common type, with anterior dislocations occurring in rare cases. Discussion Reduction techniques include traction–countertraction, patient-assisted countertraction, the leverage approach, and the modified Stimson technique. Complications can include nerve injury, vascular injury, and compartment syndrome. Conclusions It is important for emergency physicians to be familiar with several different reduction techniques for elbow dislocations in case the initial reduction attempt is unsuccessful. This article reviews the current evidence for reduction of elbow dislocations and any variations on these approaches.
Multifidelity Uncertainty Quantification of a Commercial Supersonic Transport

The objective of this work was to develop a multifidelity uncertainty quantification approach for efficient analysis of a commercial supersonic transport concept. An approach based on point-colloca...
Prospective study of serum protein capillary zone electrophoresis and immunotyping of monoclonal proteins by immunosubtraction

Capillary zone electrophoresis and immune adsorption were evaluated for identification of serum protein abnormalities and immunotyping of monoclonal proteins. A 7-capillary, electrophoresis instrument and solid phase immunosubtraction reagents were used in a prospective study of 1,518 patients. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis and interpreted with regard to identification of abnormalities consistent with monoclonal gammopathies. The agarose gel electrophoresis had a sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 99%, respectively, whereas capillary electrophoresis gave results of 95% and 99%. Immunotyping of the monoclonal proteins was performed by immunofixation and immunosubtraction. Capillary electrophoresis was more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for the identification of monoclonal proteins in serum. In addition, the immunosubtraction method seems technically simpler and more automated than immunofixation and represents a useful additional approach for immunotyping monoclonal proteins.
Social Sustainability and Ecotourism: Rethinking Development for Social and Environmental Well-Being in the Caribbean

Many countries in the Caribbean are exploring ecotourism, alongside mass tourism, as a development strategy in the period following the collapse of export crop industries. Ecotourism as a strategy for economic development has produced mixed, if not disappointing, outcomes for the lives of the majority of people where it has been attempted (Honey 1999; Sinclair 1998). This article makes the argument that successful pursuit of ecotourism to promote integrated economic and social development can be enhanced when there is potential for the adverse impacts of tourism to be mitigated by the presence of certain structural domestic conditions. Using evidence from the island state of St. Lucia where a programmatic effort by the state to promote heritage tourism has been in operation for almost two decades the theoretical argument is made that ecotourism that relies on the unique structure of local ownership of productive resources, supported by technical skill supplied by the state, facilitates greater participation in the tourist sector on terms advantageous to economically and socially marginalized participants. Thus far the Programme has encouraged environmental awareness and cultural appreciation in the local population, encouraged entrepreneurial activity, and diversified entry into an enclave sector through avenues other than cheap unskilled seasonal work. The article concludes with an examination of the prospect for this effort to contribute to more widespread development policy focused on social and environmental well-being.
Culture, Family Structure, and Psyche in Hindu India: The “Fit” and the “Inconsistencies”

While Kakar rightly describes important psychological tendencies among upper-caste Hindu men, contradictory tendencies among these men might be a source of change. The dominant psychological orientation among Hindu women differs from the male orientation, which Kakar describes, causing tensions in Indian society that may be a second source of change. While Kakar is right to note that family structure and psychological orientation tend to reproduce each other, cultural ideals and material interests also play an important role in reproducing distinctive Indian patterns of life.
Measuring the Mappability Spectrum of Reference Genome Assemblies

The ability to infer actionable information from genomic variation data in a resequencing experiment relies on accurately aligning the sequences to a reference genome. However, this accuracy is inherently limited by the quality of the reference assembly and the repetitive content of the subject's genome. As long read sequencing technologies become more widespread, it is crucial to investigate the expected improvements in alignment accuracy and variant analysis over existing short read methods. The ability to quantify the read length and error rate necessary to uniquely map regions of interest in a sequence allows users to make informed decisions regarding experiment design and provides useful metrics for comparing the magnitude of repetition across different reference assemblies. To this end we have developed NEAT-Repeat, a toolkit for exhaustively identifying the minimum read length required to uniquely map each position of a reference sequence given a specified error rate. Using these tools we computed the -mappability spectrum" for ten reference sequences, including human and a range of plants and animals, quantifying the theoretical improvements in alignment accuracy that would result from sequencing with longer reads or reads with less base-calling errors. Our inclusion of read length and error rate builds upon existing methods for mappability tracks based on uniqueness or aligner-specific mapping scores, and thus enables more comprehensive analysis. We apply our mappability results to whole-genome variant call data, and demonstrate that variants called with low mapping and genotype quality scores are disproportionately found in reference regions that require long reads to be uniquely covered. We propose that our mappability metrics provide a valuable supplement to established variant filtering and annotation pipelines by supplying users with an additional metric related to read mapping quality. NEAT-Repeat can process large and repetitive genomes, such as those of corn and soybean, in a tractable amount of time by leveraging efficient methods for edit distance computation as well as running multiple jobs in parallel. NEAT-Repeat is written in Python 2.7 and C++, and is available at https://github.com/zstephens/neat-repeat.
A cross-sectional analysis of dietary protein intake and body composition among Chinese Americans.

Favourable body composition has been associated with higher dietary protein intake. However, little is known regarding this relationship in a population of Chinese Americans (CHA), who have lower BMI compared with other populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between dietary protein intake, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in CHA. Data were from the Chinese American Cardiovascular Health Assessment (CHA CHA) 2010-2011 (n 1707); dietary intake was assessed using an adapted and validated FFQ. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The associations between protein intake (% energy intake) and BMI, percentage FM (FM%), percentage FFM (FFM%), FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI) were examined using multiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, acculturation, total energy intake, sedentary time, smoking status, education, employment and income. There was a significant positive association between dietary protein and BMI (B = 0·056, 95 % CI 0·017, 0·104; P = 0·005), FM (B = 0·106, 95 % CI 0·029, 0·184; P = 0·007), FM% (B = 0·112, 95 % CI 0·031, 0·194; P = 0·007) and FMI (B = 0·045, 95 % CI 0·016, 0·073; P = 0·002). There was a significant negative association between dietary protein and FFM% (B = -0·116, 95 % CI -0·196, -0·036; P = 0·004). In conclusion, higher dietary protein intake was associated with higher adiposity; however, absolute FFM and FFMI were not associated with dietary protein intake. Future work examining the relationship between protein source (i.e. animal) and body composition is warranted in this population of CHA.
Spirituality and Well-Being in the Daily Lives of African American Women

Date Presented 04/04/19 The practice of spirituality is believed to be an essential and powerful force in the lives of African American women. Missing from the story of African American female spirituality is a deep understanding of the way that spirituality manifests in daily practices and the corresponding contribution to well-being. This qualitative research reveals the way in which spiritual experience, through the examination of the dynamics between decisions and actions, relates to a perception of well-being. Primary Author and Speaker: Clarissa Saunders-Newton