cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cosmetics and Personal Care Products-Related Ocular Exposures Reported to United States Poison Control Centers.

PURPOSE To study cosmetics and personal care products-related ocular exposures in the United States. METHODS A retrospective analysis of cosmetics and personal care products-related ocular exposures from 2000 through 2018 was conducted using data from the National Poison Data System. RESULTS From January 2000 through December 2018, United States Poison Control Centers received 266,743 calls concerning eye exposures to cosmetics and personal care products, corresponding to a mean of 14,039 calls per year. Young children (<6 years old) represented 51.6% of exposures, while older children and teenagers (6-19 years old) and adults (≥ 20 years old) represented 19.5% and 28.9% of exposures, respectively. Over the study period, the annual frequency of exposures decreased by 46.0%. The product subcategories associated with the highest proportion of exposures were perfumes, colognes, and aftershaves (19.0%), suntan and/or sunscreen products (11.2%), nail polishes (9.5%), soaps (6.3%), and creams, lotions, and make-up (5.8%). The product subcategories associated with the greatest proportion of moderate or major medical outcomes were acrylic nail adhesives (14.4%), miscellaneous nail products (12.9%), other hair care products excluding peroxides (10.9%), hair coloring agents excluding peroxides (8.9%), and peroxides (7.5%). CONCLUSIONS Although the annual frequency of exposures to cosmetics and personal care products declined during the study period, public health efforts are needed to prevent further ocular exposures to these products. Containers of potentially ocular-toxic products should be redesigned to reduce confusion with eye dropper bottles and to reduce attractiveness to young children, with immediate priority placed on acrylic nail adhesives.
Investigation of vortical and near-acoustic fields in three-stream jets.

The connections between the vortical and near-acoustic fields of three-stream, high-speed jets are investigated for the ultimate purpose of developing linear surface-based models for the noise source. Those models would be informed by low-cost, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations of the flow field. The study uses two triple-stream jets, one is coaxial and the other has eccentric tertiary flow that yields noise suppression in preferred directions. Large eddy simulations (LES) validate the RANS-based models for the convective velocity Uc of the noise-generating turbulent eddies. In addition, the LES results help define a “radiator surface” on which the jet noise source model would be prescribed. The radiator surface is located near the boundary between the rotational and irrotational fields and defined as the surface on which the Uc distribution, obtained from the space-time correlations of the pressure, matches that inferred from the RANS model. The edge of the mean vorticity field is nearly coincident with the radiator surface, which suggests a RANS-based criterion for locating this surface. The two-dimensional space-time correlations show how the asymmetry of the tertiary stream and the resulting thicker low-speed flow weakens the generation of acoustic disturbances from the vortical field.
Embryology and Development of the Ductal Plate

Proper development of both the intrahepatic and the extrahepatic biliary tracts is critical to the proper functions of the liver related to bile production and excretion. Many disorders that result in fibrocystic disease of the liver have, at their origin, a defect in the early development of the liver. In particular, disordered development of the ductal plate can lead to severely debilitating hepatobiliary disorders such as biliary atresia and fibrocystic disease of the liver. In this chapter, I review current knowledge of the embryological development of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary trees with a focus on the genes and molecular pathways that have recently been shown to play critical roles in biliary development. Although the identification of the genetic pathways involved in biliary development is still quite incomplete, recent progress has shown that there are a number of transcription factors and signaling pathways that regulate both hepatoblast differentiation and biliary morphogenesis. Building on this exciting new knowledge will provide new avenues for both the diagnosis and the treatment of debilitating diseases that, up to this point, have no definitive treatment or cure.
Notations for high efficiency data presentation in mammography.

Abstract As a result of improvements in Medical Language Processing, the availability of categorical information (such as diagnoses or radiology findings) is increasing rapidly. This increased availability has created a need for more efficient methods for computer presentation. One method for developing such presentations would be to adapt the hand-written notation systems already used in paper-based records. We have characterized one such notation system, the Mammography Notation Sublanguage(MNS). The MNS is a true medical sublanguage, with a definable lexicon and syntax. Compared with text reports, it represents a 37-fold size compression. A single "base", sublanguage pattern is identified for possible computer presentation of mammography findings. The issues involved in using such sublanguages for data presentation are discussed.
Signal processing algorithms in MATLAB

MATLAB is the current "hot" language in signal processing. This book/disk package deails the basic algorithms of digital signal processing, and is written around a set of over 50 MATLAB function m-files, each of which is included on the disk. Emphasizes the application, as opposed to the theory of digital signal processing, covering discrete Fourier transforms, spectral analysis, the frequency and time-domain response of linear systems, digital IIR and FIR filtering; fast convolution and correlation algorithms; least-squares design; adaptive signal processing, and statistical parameters. For signal processing engineers.
Designing, developing, and implementing outcomes-based assessment programs to respond to multiple external constituents

External governing organizations and accreditation bodies are increasingly requiring universities to demonstrate that they have appropriate self-regulating processes in place to achieve their stated missions and goals. Central to these processes is that they be based on outcomes assessment and be focused on continuous improvement. This paper presents an overview of Georgia Tech's (USA) experiences in designing and developing outcomes-based assessment programs for all its undergraduate and graduate programs with an emphasis on those experiences within the College of Engineering. It also presents the current efforts to implement the programs within a continuous improvement process that is intended to be broadly responsive to the needs of multiple external constituents. It concludes with seven suggestions for those embarking on developing outcomes-based assessment programs.
Quaternary history from the U.S. tropics

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a few major issues in tropical climate history, sea level, and biogeography, focusing on data from islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean associated with the United States. The tropical latitudes yield an increasing understanding of changes in sea level, climate, biogeography, and human migrations during the Quaternary, and several lines of evidence suggest that the northeast trade winds persisted during the late Quaternary in the Hawaiian Islands. A new generation of coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models is using the new paleoclimatic data for exploring the global implications of tropical climate change and teleconnections arising from the sources of finer-scale climate variability, such as El Ni o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Paleoecological and archaeological records show clearly that humans have dramatic direct effects on the ecosystems they inhabit. Indirect effects are likely to be even more pervasive than direct effects on the environment. Tropical islands have intertwined biological, physical, and cultural histories that foreshadow global issues.
Barney Sachs and the history of the neuropathologic description of Tay-Sachs disease.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Barney sachs and the history of the neuropathologic description of Tay-Sach diseases (TSD). TSD is intimately associated with the early career of Bernard Sachs and his association with the Mount Sinai Hospital. This chapter involves only a single case but describes in detail the relentless clinical progression of the disorder with the characteristic ophthalmologic findings. The chapter gives a detailed description of the postmortem examination on the child. Sachs apparently acted as the neuropathologist for the report and noted that despite careful examination it was difficult to find any neurons with a normal histologic appearance. The illustrations of the histologic features were drawn by Dr. Ira van Gieson and it clearly showed the classic ballooned neurons of the cerebral cortex associated with TSD. Little information was added to the morphologic description of TSD, till the introduction of electron microscopy as a morphologic tool.
Embedded systems and sensors in wireless networks

Embedded systems are often distributed and deployed in various environments. Wireless sensor nodes deposited in various places provide light, temperature, humidity, and other measurements. Wireless nodes attached to circuits or appliances sense the current or control the usage. Wireless sensor networks are application-specific. Because of this they have to involve both software and hardware. They also use protocols, which relate to both the application and wireless network. The applications using wireless sensor networks are the consumer devices supporting multimedia applications, for example, personal digital assistants, network computers, and mobile communication devices. Emerging embedded systems run multiple applications such as Web-browsers, audio and video communication applications. We describe design issues in wireless networks to support sensors and embedded systems communication and information processing.
Neuropeptide Y inhibits sympathetic neurotransmission in ipsilaterally innervated but not contralaterally reinnervated superior tarsal smooth muscle of the rat

Abstract The superior tarsal smooth muscle (STM), which elevates the upper eyelid, normally is innervated by sympathetic neurons from the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion that are not neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-ir). Following neonatal ganglionectomy, this target is reinnervated by sympathetic nerves from the contralateral superior cervical ganglion that are strongly NPY-ir. We examined the effects of exogenously administered NPY on STM tone, response to norepinephrine, and sympathetic neurotrans-mission in ipsilaterally innervated and contralaterally reinnervated STMs. NPY (2–10 μg/kg iv) increased blood pressure but did not alter STM tone. Similarly, contractile responses to co-administered norepinephrine were not affected. These findings imply an absence of direct and indirect postjunctional actions of NPY on STM. Contractions elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve (1.5 Hz) were not affected by NPY on the contralaterally reinnervated side; however, ipsilateral contractions were decreased in a dose-dependent fashion, with an inhibition of about 40% at 10 μg/kg. We conclude that while the STM is unresponsive to exogenously administered NPY, this peptide exerts selective inhibitory effects on the ipsilateral NPY-ir-negative but not the contralateral NPY-ir-positive innervation. This suggests that the neonatally denervated STM is reinnervated by contralateral fibers that are functionally different from the normal ipsilateral innervation in being devoid of functional prejunctional NPY receptors.
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1979

Abstract The 1979 hurricane season produced 85 “tropical system” of which 27 acquired the closed circulation of a depression 52 of these originated over the African Continent. African seedlings initiated 7 of the 8 named Atlantic storm and 7 of the 10 East Pacific storms.
Carbon Nanotubes as Nano-Pumps: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation

This paper focuses on the use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for ion separation and encapsulation from a solution containing both positive and negatively charged ions. Metal ion separation from drinking water or during material processing applications can be an important issue. We use molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that a pair of carbon nanotubes with patterned positive and negative charges can form the basis of an effective device for the separation or encapsulation of ions. We consider three different charge patterns: i) Electrodes, where all the atoms of a CNT are charged with a finite surface charge density; ii) Alternate axial bands of positive and negative charges on each electrode; and iii) Alternate circumferential rings of positive and negative charges on the electrodes. The charge pattern determines the preferential intake of water and/or ions by a nanotube. As conventional electrodes they adsorb ions, but with an alternate band or ring charge pattern they adsorb the water molecules. Our simulations show that a charged CNT can be used as a nano-pump that provides purified water or ions from an impure solution.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The mechanism of the word-frequency effect on recognition memory

The better recognition memory for rare as compared to frequently used words was shown to be unrelated to difference in association value, imagery, concreteness, or any change in phenomenal frequency due to exposure on the test list. But a manipulation substantially modified recognition scores. Words that were exposed just prior to the learning task for ostensibly unrelated purposes were much less well recognized than ones not so exposed. The frequency-recognition effect was thus simulated in the laboratory by manipulating situational frequency.
The role of self-directed in vivo exposure in cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological treatments of agoraphobia **

The role of self-directed in vivo exposure practice in cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological treatments of agoraphobia was investigated. Thirty-nine severe and chronic agoraphobics (DSM-III) were randomly assigned to either Paradoxical Intention, Graduated Exposure, or Progressive Deep-Muscle Relaxation Training. Treatment consisted of 12 two-hour sessions weekly with all subjects receiving programmed-practice exposure instructions as a concomitant strategy to their primary treatment. Systematic behavioral diary recordings of all selfdirected exposure practice, in vivo anxiety, duration and accompaniment were analyzed across and within treatments. Differential temporal patterns of selfdirected exposure were revealed across treatments. Moreover, multiple linear regressions of self-directed exposure practice and in vivo anxiety levels during treatment were significantly associated with endstate functioning at posttreatment. These and related findings are discussed in terms of conceptual and clinical dimensions of habituation processes and agoraphobia treatment.
Primary Structure, Neural-specific Expression, and Chromosomal Localization of Cux-2, a Second Murine Homeobox Gene Related to Drosophila cut

The cut locus of Drosophila encodes a diverged homeodomain-containing protein that is required for the development of external sensory (es) organs and other tissues. A homologous gene (Cux-1) that encodes a transcriptional repressor has been identified in the mouse and other mammals. We have identified a second murine homeobox-containing gene (designated Cux-2) that is structurally related to Drosophila cut. The murine Cux-2 homeobox was similar to Drosophila cut and encoded a homeodomain that contained a characteristic histidine residue at position 50. The predicted Cux-2 protein contained 1426 amino acids and included three internal 60-amino acid repeats (Cut repeats) that were previously found in Drosophila Cut and murine Cux-1. Unlike Cux-1, expression of Cux-2 was restricted to neural tissue. In the adult brain, Cux-2 was prominently expressed in neurons in the thalamus and limbic system. In embryos, Cux-2 was expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems, including the telencephalon and peripheral ganglia of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the carboxyl-terminal Cut repeat and homeodomain of Cux-2 exhibited sequence-specific binding to oligonucleotides derived from the promoter of the Ncam gene. Using an interspecific backcross panel, Cux-1 and Cux-2 were mapped to distinct loci that were genetically linked on distal chromosome 5. These results demonstrate that a family of homeobox genes related to Drosophila cut is located on chromosome 5 in the mouse. Cux-2 is expressed exclusively in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the Cux-2 gene product binds to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Cux-2 may encode a transcription factor that is involved in neural specification in mammals.
The effect of tracheal occlusion on respiratory load compensation: Changes in neurons containing inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nucleus of the solitary tract in conscious rats

Respiratory load compensation volume-time (Vt-T) relationships have been extensively studied in anesthetized animals. There are only a few studies in conscious animals although consciousness and behavior play a critical role in modulation of breathing. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of intermittent and transient tracheal occlusions (ITTO) elicited load compensation responses and the changes in activation of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) in conscious rats. The results showed that ITTO elicited an increase in expiratory time (T(e)) but did not affect inspiratory time (T(i)) and diaphragm activity (EMG(dia)). An increase in total breathing time (Ttot) was due exclusively to the increase in T(e). In addition, glycinergic neurons were activated in the intermediate NTS (iNTS) but not in the caudal NTS (cNTS). These results suggest that the activated glycinergic neurons in the iNTS may be important for the neurogenesis of load compensation responses in conscious animals.
Visual adaptation and face perception

The appearance of faces can be strongly affected by the characteristics of faces viewed previously. These perceptual after-effects reflect processes of sensory adaptation that are found throughout the visual system, but which have been considered only relatively recently in the context of higher level perceptual judgements. In this review, we explore the consequences of adaptation for human face perception, and the implications of adaptation for understanding the neural-coding schemes underlying the visual representation of faces. The properties of face after-effects suggest that they, in part, reflect response changes at high and possibly face-specific levels of visual processing. Yet, the form of the after-effects and the norm-based codes that they point to show many parallels with the adaptations and functional organization that are thought to underlie the encoding of perceptual attributes like colour. The nature and basis for human colour vision have been studied extensively, and we draw on ideas and principles that have been developed to account for norms and normalization in colour vision to consider potential similarities and differences in the representation and adaptation of faces.
Erythrocruorins of Euzonus mucronata treadwell: Evidence for a dimeric annelid extracellular hemoglobin

Abstract 1. 1. The extracellular hemoglobin of the opheliid polychaete Euzonus mucronata is unusual in that it consists of a 3.2 × 10 6 as well as a 6–7 × 10 6 molecular weight hemoglobin at pH 7.O. 2. 2. Electron microscopy of the 3.2 x 10 6 dalton material shows the typical annelid hemoglobin pattern of a two-tiered hexagonal array of submultiples whereas the 6–7 × 10 6 dalton pigment has a four-tiered hexagonal arrangement, a putative dimer of a 3.2 × 10 6 molecular weight material. A few six-tiered trimeric stacks are also present. 3. 3. The dimeric material, which represents 10–15% of the total pigment, is present in unpurified vascular fluid as well as in purified hemoglobin. The constant stoichiometry between the 3.2 × 10 6 dalton monomer and the dimeric pigment under different methods of purification as well as in hemoglobin examined directly from the worm suggests that the dimer is not a preparative artifact. The dimer is not in a state of rapid dissociation-association equilibrium with the monomer nor does the dimer seem to be the result of a ligand-linked association of the 3.2 × 10 6 dalton monomer. 4. 4. The subunit molecular weights of both the monomer and dimer are the same with polypeptide chains of 36,700 ± 800, 31,400 ± 800. 14,400 ± 300. and 12,500 ± 300 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The same molecular weight heterogeneity is present for globin which has been performic acid oxidized, carboxymethylated in 7–8 M guanidine HC1 and 0.1 M in 2-mercaptoethanol, or treated with 8 M urea, 0.1 M in 2-mercaptoethanol. 5. 5. The hemoglobin contains one heme per 22,400 g protein. The amino acid composition of this protein is presented.
Nonlinear optic polymer electro-optic modulators for space applications

Optoelectronic devices based on nonlinear optic (NLO) polymers, with electro-optic (EO) coefficients in excess of 100 pm/V at 1.06 μm and dielectric constants of < 3, have demonstrated 100+ GHz data rates with less than 4 volt operating voltages. This has gained interest from the space based applications community, since in addition to being tolerant to a space environment, electro-optic devices for space applications will also need to operate at high data rates and at low operational powers. We have investigated various NLO polymers for core materials as well as passive polymers with various conductivities, both ionic and electronic, suitable for use as optical cladding layers in NLO polymer based opto-electronic devices. Our goal was to find materials that would be tolerant to irradiation as well as maximizing the nonlinearity of the NLO core material, thus minimizing the total applied poling voltage, and minimize the optical absorption loss. Using a cladding material that is more conductive than the NLO core material, the majority of the applied poling voltage is dropped across the core, thus maximizing the EO coefficient with minimum applied voltage or power. We found, however, that it is necessary to balance the optical and electromagnetic properties of the materials with their processability and compatibility.
New Paradigm for Studying Genetic Contributions to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is common disabling condition that is associated with an estimated $8 billion per year in direct health care costs1. In the past few decades multiple studies have been published on the etiology of IBS, and several pathophysiological factors have been found to be significantly associated with IBS diagnosis; these factors include motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, psychological distress, and immune dysregulation. However, none of these factors is sufficient by itself to explain the development of IBS. Therefore, it is widely believed that IBS is not caused by a single factor but rather the interaction of various biological, psychological and social factors which interact to contribute to the etiology and maintenance of the disorder2. No single factor appears to be necessary for disease expression and none may be sufficient in isolation from the others.
Anharmonic constants for degenerate modes of symmetric top molecules

Abstract Anharmonic constants χ ss ′ and g tt ′ for the doubly degenerate modes of any symmetric top (or linear) molecule have been obtained in terms of the independent cubic and quartic constants, i.e., of the coefficients of the symmetry-allowed combinations of products of the components q t ± = q t 1 ± iq t 2 of the degenerate normal coordinates. Examples of application to planar XY 3 ( D 3 h ) and to allene-type X 3 Y 4 ( D 2 d ) molecules are discussed and modifications of the formulas in the presence of Fermi resonances are indicated.
Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in human sexual maturation

To determine whether melatonin pharmacokinetics change during puberty, we infused melatonin iv in 9 prepubertal, 8 pubertal, and 16 adult subjects and measured melatonin in serum and saliva, and 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in urine. A pilot study of 3 adult males showed dose linearity, absence of saturation kinetics, and unaltered metabolism and urinary excretion for doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 5.0 micrograms/kg. All other subjects received 0.5 microgram/kg melatonin. The results of pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from serum melatonin showed no significant gender differences in adults. However, developmental differences were significant between prepubertal children and adults for terminal elimination rate constant (1.08 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.11 h-1), elimination half-life (0.67 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.10 h), and area under the concentration-time curve (250.9 +/- 91.8 vs. 376.9 +/- 154.3 (pg/mL).h, respectively). At all time points melatonin levels were higher in serum than in saliva, and the ratio betwe...
Factors Affecting Rapid Visco Analyser Curves for the Determination of Maize Kernel Hardness

Abstract The effects of grinding condition, solids content and heating rate on apparent viscosity measured with a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) for maize kernel varieties with different endosperm hardness were investigated. Maize hardness was measured with a tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), density, flotation, and subjective ratings. Harder maize kernels gave rise to coarser particles that took longer to reach peak viscosity and had lower peak heights than the finer particles from soft kernels. Finely ground samples produced distinct viscosity curves. Higher solids content increased peak viscosity. A low heating rate produced the highest peak viscosities. The viscosity characteristics of decorticated, degermed maize kernels were similar to those observed for whole maize samples. Peak viscosity and slope were significantly correlated with kernel hardness values. Evaluation at 18% solids concentration with 10 °C/min heating rate for soft kernels and 2·4 °C/min for hard kernels resulted in the greatest sensitivity to differences in endosperm hardness. Maize samples can be initially separated into hard and soft categories by flotation or density. RVA parameters can then be adjusted to distinguish between samples within each group. The RVA technique is sensitive to differences in maize kernel endosperm hardness with the advantages of small sample size, short testing time, simple procedure, easy data management and versatility for screening kernels.
Having and Fighting Ebola — Public Health Lessons from a Clinician Turned Patient

Despite taking every precaution while treating patients with Ebola in Guinea, Craig Spencer was hospitalized with Ebola last October. Rather than being welcomed home as a humanitarian, he was vilified even as his liver was failing and his fiancee was quarantined.
Optimal implicit contracts and the choice between layoffs and work sharing

Abstract Implicit contract models of labor market equilibrium under work sharing and layoffs are constructed to examine several common explanations for the observed market bias in favor of layoffs. We first establish the optimality of work sharing in the absence of complicating factors. We then show that, contrary to the conventional view, fringe benefits can actually encourage work sharing, and that different hours and employment elasticities of output need not discourage it. Our findings confirm the view that tax distortions in the unemployment insurance system contribute to the bias toward layoffs. However, we show that unemployment benefits for those working reduced hours can help eliminate this bias.
The perceived compatibility of safety and production expectations in hazardous occupations.

Abstract Introduction Safety hazards are unavoidable in many work environments. Employees must be both productive and safe, however, conflicting safety and production demands can negatively affect safety, production, or both. The employee's perception of the compatibility of management's safety and production expectations is a possible predictor of such consequences. This paper defines “safety-production compatibility” and describes how measures of safety-production compatibility, as well as safety pressure and production pressure, were developed. Method We used LISREL structural equation modeling to test the influences of safety-production compatibility, safety pressure, and production pressure on safe work behavior and interference with performing other work tasks. The 239 study participants were workers employed in diverse but hazardous occupations. Results Pressure to work safely was positively associated with safe work behavior. The perceived compatibility of safety and production demands positively influenced safe work behavior and reduced the interference of safety hazards performing other tasks. Safety-production compatibility was also found to mediate the relationship between trust in management and safe work behavior. Conclusions The results of this field study suggest increased compatibility, and thus less conflict, between safety and production demands influences safe work behavior and the interference of safety hazards with performing other work tasks. More broadly, the worker's reaction to multiple work demands is a safety and performance influence. Impact on Industry Safety management efforts that focus only on the hazards fail to eliminate many accidents because accidents arise from many factors including technology, safety climate, social influences, production, and safety demands. This study suggests that workers differ in their perception of the compatibility of safety and production demands. These differences will show up in safe work behavior, influencing the effectiveness of safety management efforts and the trust workers have in management's concern for safety.
Perspectives on implementing a framework for evaluating effective teaching

Abstract The recently published report of the Committee on Promoting and Evaluating Teaching Effectiveness (AAA, Teaching & Curriculum Section) recommends a comprehensive framework for evaluating effective teaching (Calderon, T., Gabbin, A., & Green, B. (1997). Framework for encouraging effective teaching. Harrisonburg, VA: Center for Research in Accounting Education, James Madison University). As part of the framework, the Committee advocates a portfolio approach to fully assess the various dimensions of effective teaching. This paper describes the experience of three accounting departments in their initial application of selected PETE Committee recommendations. Each case describes the department's motivation, how chosen recommendations are applied, information resources required, and the problems and concerns encountered. An evaluation of the lessons learned during the first year in each of these cases is also provided. The material presented in this paper should be of interest to accounting programs that wish to focus attention on the dimensions of effective teaching in assessing faculty teaching performance.
Eosinophilic Granuloma of Bone

Eosinophilic granuloma of bone is an uncommon granulomatous process for which therapy recommendations vary considerably. Consequently, a survey of the world literature from 1940 to 1974 was undertaken in an attempt to develop more concrete guidelines. This survey revealed that the disease manifests itself primarily in males under 20 years of age of all races. The most common symptom is pain, with or without swelling. Multiple sites in a single case are frequent. The clinical course is generally benign, unlike Letterer-Siwe disease or Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. A remission rate of 95% was noted, with relapses usually occurring as distant disease within the first year. Simple excision or curettage was the most common surgical procedure utilized, and radiotherapy doses varied widely. Excellent local control of the disease can be provided using conservative surgery, low-dose irradiation, or both. Morbidity secondary to pathologic fracture or to overly aggressive treatment are the major concerns, not failure to control the disease.
Stereocontrolled additions of allyltri-n-butyl-stannane to α-hydroxyaldehyde derivatives. A useful route to monoprotected erythro or threo diols.

Abstract By proper choice of Lewis acid and protecting group, the Lewis acid mediated addition of allyltri- n -butylstannane to the α-hydroxyaldehyde derivatives 1b and 1c can be controlled to give excellent (95:5 to > 250:1) stereoselectivity for the formation of either erythro or threo products.
Colorimetric Determination of Long-chain N-Acylglutamic Acids with Pinacyanol

A new colorimetric method for the quantitative microanalysis of long-chain N-acylglutamic acids is proposed. This method consists of two steps in which a pinacyanol derivative derived from a long-chain N-acylglutamic acid and pinacyanol dye is extracted with an organic solvent, and the color intensity of the extract is spectrophotometrically measured. Long-chain N-acylglutamic acids were found to react specifically with pinacyanol chloride to form their pinacyanol derivatives under a weakly acidic condition. These derivatives were extracted with chloroform and determined by measuring the absorbancy of the solution at 610 mμ within the range of 0.01~0.15 mg. Several factors affecting the analysis and standard procedure of the determination were also investigated.
Dye Exclusion Cell Microscopy

We present an optical system for measuring depth maps of cells while they flow through a microfluidic channel. Unlike interferometric microscopes, the measurements are nearly independent of the optical properties of the cell.
Radiology information system control of a DICOM-based PACS

PACS implementations require IS data for efficient operation and coherent information management. The images contributing to a radiology report in a practical multi-vendor PACS implementation may be derived from more than one DICOM study, and it is the Radiology Information System (RIS) that is responsible for the report. Flows of existing RIS-based information were studied and the required set of messages between the PACS archive and the RIS was defined. An archive providing the required functionality using standard and extended DICOM protocols was specified and acquired. The DICOM interface for the RIS was developed in-house using the M(MUMPS) programming language native to the RIS. We found that close integration of a RIS and PACS can be provided using DICOM protocols employing extensions compatible with the standard. The DICOM interfaces for textural data can be implemented in a MUMPS-based RIS without the need for an external interface 'box'.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Is total thyroxine better than free thyroxine during pregnancy

Objective The aims were to establish a gestational-age specific curve for serum total thyroxine (T4) levels and to compare pregnancy outcomes of euthyroid women with those identified to have subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) defined by an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in conjunction with either total T4 or free T4 determinations. Study Design Over a 2.5 year period, serum thyroid analytes were measured in all women presenting for prenatal care. After exclusion of women with overt thyroid disorders, the normal distribution of serum total T4 levels were determined by quantile curves for those screened in the first 20 weeks and who were delivered of a singleton infant weighing at least 500 g. Pregnancy outcomes for women with an elevated TSH and normal total T4 concentrations were analyzed and compared with those of women identified to have SCH defined by normal free T4 levels. Results Of 17,298 women tested, serum total T4 increased into the second trimester and plateaued around 16 weeks. The upper threshold for total T4 ranged from 12.6 to 16.4 μg/dL, and the lower threshold ranged from 5.3 to 8.0 μg/dL. Women identified to have SCH defined by serum free T4, total T4, or both were at risk for preterm delivery ( P = .007) and placental abruption ( P = .013) when compared with euthyroid women. Conclusion When combined with elevated TSH levels, free or total T4 determinations are equally sensitive to identify women with SCH who are at increased risk for preterm birth and placental abruption when compared with euthyroid women.
Outcrossing Rates of Experimental Populations of Cuphea lanceolate

Outcrossing rates of Cuphea lanceolata Ait., a new Dilseed crop, have not been estimated; however, this species is known to be insect-pollinated, self-compatible, and autosterile. We used five allozyme loci and the mixed mating model to estimate the outcrossing rates of experimental populations of Cuphea lanceolata Ait. grown at Corvallis, Oregon in 1987 and 1988. Populations were grown using densities of one and 27 plants m−2. Multilocus out-crossing rate estimates of populations grown at low and high density ranged from 0.61 to 0.85 and 0.93 to 0.94, respectively. Density caused differences may be caused by differences in pollinator movement. In open plantings, e.g., space-plant nurseries, selfing rates are increased by increased within plant pollination by bumblebees, the primary pollinators of C. lanceolata in temperate zones. The movement of pollinators between plants is enforced in dense plantings. We found C. lanceolata is predominantly al-logamous, but selfing rates as great as 39.0 % were observed among space-plants; thus, the progeny of an open-pollinated individual plant grown in this type of nursery is a mixed half-sib and S1 family. Maximum outcrossing can be achieved by using dense plantings.
Infrared Earth tracking for deep-space optical communications: Feasibility study based on laboratory emulator

We report on laboratory emulator experiments performed to assess the feasibility of infrared (IR) Earth image tracking for optical communications. A quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) is evaluated and characterized for this purpose. For proof of concept, an emulator is designed and implemented in the laboratory to generate IR Earth images over the range of 0.1 to 40 AU at the Focal Plane Array of the QWIP camera to evaluate feasibility of using IR Earth images as opticomm pointing reference. IR Earth images measured from the testbed emulator are compared with the corresponding images derived from Earth thermal modeling and the two are found to be in good agreement. IR Earth image non-uniformity is also emulated in the laboratory testbed, demonstrating that for characteristic deep space optical apertures, the image is dominated by the Earth thermal non-uniformity at short distance (<2 AU) but is overwhelmed by diffraction blurring beyond 4 AU. Furthermore, preliminary laboratory testbed investigation on centroiding accuracy of IR Earth center detection shows improved angular centroiding accuracy with increasing image size and IR signal level.
Dynamic mechanical properties of nonstoichiometric, amine-cured epoxy resin

The dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy resins cured with nonstoichiometric amounts [37%–103% of stoichiometric composition (SC)] of diethylenetriamine at room temperature have been measured in the temperature range 85° to 300°K and correlated to structures of cured resins. The dynamic mechanical behavior changed above and below 62.5% of SC, at which network structures are formed. The intensities of γ- and β-peaks, ∼150° and ∼250°K, respectively, depend upon the concentration of DETA used. The processes of the γ- and β-peaks are discussed.
Achievement orientation, attainment values, and women's employment

Abstract This study examines age variance in the relationship of women's achievement needs and values to their participation in paid employment. The study group is a cross-sectional, nonprobability sample of 1120 women, ages 22–64, who contacted the Center for Continuing Education of Women at a major midwestern university. Three findings predominate: (1) Compared to general achievement orientation, the specific values attached to attainment through career and family are stronger predictors of employment status. (2) Degree of participation in paid employment is related positively to career values, and negatively to family values. (3) Career values, alone, are the best predictors of employment status among women aged 45–64, while a combination of career and family values best predicts employment among women aged 22–34 and 35–44. The findings suggest that women's labor force participation is partially a function of the interaction between career and family task demands and values .
De Plantis Toxicariis e Mundo Novo Tropicale Commentationes XIII. Further Notes on Virola as an Orally Administered Hallucinogen

Ingestion of the resin of Virola bark for hallucinogenic purposes was first reported in 1969 (Schultes 1969). The species employed was Virola theiodora (Spr. ex Benth.) Warb., and information on its role among the Witoto, Muinane and Bora tribes was offered from observations and statements of Indians now residing near Leticia, a Colombian town on the Rio Amazonas. The custom of ingesting pellets or pills prepared from the resin of this myristicaceous tree was reputedly common in the original home of these Indians: the general area comprised within the Ri'os Karaparana and Igaraparana, Colombian affluents of the Rio Putumayo. A year later, in April 1970, the authors visited and carried out ethnotoxicological studies among the Witoto who live along the Rio Karaparana. Our additional information, gathered during a week of intensive field work in the settlements of El Encanto and San Rafael on this river, convinces us that Virola resin is taken orally over a rather wide area in the Colombian "Putumayo" for hallucinogenic purposes connected with witchcraft and magic. Since there are many Indians of the Witoto, Muinane and Boro tribes living south of the Rio
Ecological studies and the conservation of the bay checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha bayensis

Abstract The historical decline of the bay checkerspot butterfly Euphydryas editha bayensis is discussed and pertinent ecological information presented. The distribution of the butterfly has become highly restricted as its habitat has been destroyed by development and its numbers reduced by severe drought. Habitat loss and fragmentation disrupts the ability of habitat patches to support populations as key topographic features are eliminated. The continued survival of the butterfly is dependent on a reservoir population which provides colonists for smaller habitat patches in the vicinity. The political struggle to gain federal protection for the butterfly is reviewed.
Shedding of heparan sulfate proteoglycan by stimulated endothelial cells: Evidence for proteolysis of cell‐surface molecules

Activation of endothelial cells by cytokines and endotoxin causes procoagulant and pro-inflammatory changes over a period of hours. We postulated that the same functional state might be achieved more rapidly by changes in the metabolism of heparan sulfate, which supports many of the normal functions of endothelial cells. We previously found that binding of anti-endothelial cell antibodies and activation of complement on endothelial cells causes the rapid shedding of endothelial cell heparan sulfate. Here we report the biochemical mechanism responsible for the release of the heparan sulfate. Stimulation of endothelial cells by anti-endothelial cell antibodies and complement resulted in the release of 35S-heparan sulfate proteoglycan and partially degraded 35S-heparan sulfate chains. Degradation of the 35S-heparan sulfate chains was not necessary for release since heparin and suramin prevented cleavage of the heparan sulfate but did not inhibit release from stimulated endothelial cells. The 35S-heparan sulfate proteoglycan released from endothelial cells originated from the cell surface and had a core protein similar in size (70.5 kD) to syndecan-1. Release was due to proteolytic cleavage of the protein core by serine and/or cysteine proteinases since the release of heparan sulfate was inhibited 87% by antipain and 53% by leupeptin. Release of heparan sulfate coincided with a decrease of ∼7 kD in the mass of the protein core and with a loss of hydrophobicity of the proteoglycan, consistent with the loss of the hydrophobic transmembrane domain. The cleavage and release of cell-surface 35S-heparan sulfate proteoglycan might be a novel mechanism by which endothelial cells may rapidly acquire the functional properties of activated endothelial cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Uzbek Expulsion U.S. Forces and in Central Asia

Moscow was glad to see U.S. military forces expelled from Uzbekistan but may soon have its own problems with Tashkent.
Aerosol water soluble organic matter characteristics over the North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for iron-binding ligands and iron solubility

Abstract Aerosol water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and iron (Fe) loadings were examined in aerosols collected during the 2011 US GEOTRACES cruise in the North Atlantic Ocean to explore the feasibility of a role for water soluble organic matter (WSOM) organic complexation in determining the higher fractional solubility of Fe (%Fe S ) observed in North American-influenced relative to North African-influenced aerosols. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR) was employed to characterize the WSOM, and principal component analysis was then applied to differentiate North American-influenced from North African-influenced aerosol WSOM and provide clues to the molecular identities of organic ligands. As has been found in previous studies, North African-influenced samples had orders of magnitude higher total Fe (Fe T ) loadings (8.9–101 nmol Fe m − 3 air) and orders of magnitude lower %Fe S (0.12–0.29%) than those found in North American-influenced (Fe T : 0.03–1.4 nmol Fe m − 3 air; %Fe S : 0.67–3.62%) and Marine (minimal recent continental influence; Fe T : 0.02–0.25 nmol Fe m − 3 air; %Fe S : 1.1–10.7%) samples. Aerosol %Fe S values were positively correlated with WSOC/Fe T ratios with North American combustion-influenced (39–540) and Marine (30–850) aerosol samples having orders of magnitude more moles of WSOC per mole of Fe T than North African (0.42–3.8) aerosol samples. The high WSOC/Fe T ratios in the North American combustion-influenced samples suggest a realistic role for organic ligands binding with Fe and accounting for some portion of the higher aerosol %Fe S also observed for these samples. Principal component analyses of 1 H NMR spectra show North American-influenced aerosol WSOM to have higher contributions from hydrogens in aliphatic carbon chains attached to heteroatomic functional groups such as those in nitrate, amine, ether, ester, and carboxylate compounds compared to North African mineral dust-influenced aerosol WSOM. These multifunctional aliphatic WSOM compounds are suggested as candidate Fe binding ligands to be explored with future work.
Educational Implications of Drug Abuse

Observing the steady decrease in SAT scores during the past decade, while noting the steady increase in licit and illicit drug use during the same time period, several conclusions emphasized the potentially deleterious effects of such drug use upon emerging adolescent cognitive processes, especially learning and memory.Possible drug-behavior relationships were viewed from a developmental perspective (e.g., sex, age, and maturation rate), insofar as drug effects will be directly related to the level of physiological and psychological maturation achieved by the drug user. Consequently, proposals were made dealing with drug education in the schools, as well as the need for graduate and undergraduate programs in substance abuse.