cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitigating customers' downsell risk for single-leg revenue management with demand dependencies

With increased complexity of customers choice behaviors, practical optimization approaches often involve decomposing a network revenue management problem into multiple single-leg problems. While dynamic programming approaches can be used to solve single-leg problems exactly, they are not scalable and require precise information about the customers' arrival rates. On the other hand, the traditional heuristics are often static which do not explicitly consider the remaining time horizon in the optimization. This motivates us to find scalable and efficient dynamic heuristics that work well with the complex customers choice models. We develop two expected marginal seat revenue type heuristics for the single-leg dynamic revenue management problems in airline industry and evaluate its performances using Monte Carlo simulation. The initial simulation results indicate that our proposed heuristics are computationally efficient and fairly robust. This study provides a foundation for potential future extensions to solve larger network problems.
Community-Based Art Therapy Program to Honor 9/11

With the increase of mental health problems among veterans and active duty service members since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, the need to provide effective mental health treatments has grown. Thi...
Counterpoint in the music classroom: Creating an environment of resilience with peer mentoring and LGBTQIA+ students:

LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual) students face significant challenges that include peer harassment and health risks surpassing those of students who do not i...
Impact of Multimodality Treatment Sequence on Survival in Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background The value of neoadjuvant treatment in combination with resection as multimodality therapy (MMT) for stage IIB non-small cell lung cancer remains controversial. Methods This was a national cohort study of patients with clinical stage IIB non-small cell lung cancer (2006 to 2015) that used the National Cancer Database. Cohorts were defined on the basis of the MMT sequence and were categorized as follows: surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), surgery plus adjuvant chemoradiation (ACRT), neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NA), surgery-alone, and definitive chemotherapy or chemoradiation (nonsurgical). The primary comparison was between the NA and AC cohorts. Propensity matching methods were used to match cohorts who had AC vs NA. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the difference in risk of death between the NA and AC groups. Results There were 10,841 patients with stage IIB lung cancer: 2476 in the AC, 854 with ACRT, 1195 with NA, 2019 with surgery alone, and 4297 with nonsurgical treatment. Of the 6544 patients who underwent surgery, 37.8% had AC, 13.1% had ACRT, 18.3% had NA, and 30.9% had surgery alone. Relative to those patients treated with AC, nonsurgical treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69 to 3.17) or surgery-alone (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.38) was associated with a significantly higher risk of death. After propensity matching, there was no difference in the risk of death between the NA and AC cohorts (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.31). Conclusions MMT, including surgical resection, is associated with improved OS, regardless of treatment sequence, with no difference in survival on the basis of an NA or AC approach. The potential benefits of NA over AC to ensure that patients complete MMT warrant further prospective investigation.
Online Sketch-based Query Optimization.

Cost-based query optimization remains a critical task in relational databases even after decades of research and industrial development. Query optimizers rely on a large range of statistical synopses -- including attribute-level histograms and table-level samples -- for accurate cardinality estimation. As the complexity of selection predicates and the number of join predicates increase, two problems arise. First, statistics cannot be incrementally composed to effectively estimate the cost of the sub-plans generated in plan enumeration. Second, small errors are propagated exponentially through join operators, which can lead to severely sub-optimal plans. In this paper, we introduce COMPASS, a novel query optimization paradigm for in-memory databases based on a single type of statistics -- Fast-AGMS sketches. In COMPASS, query optimization and execution are intertwined. Selection predicates and sketch updates are pushed-down and evaluated online during query optimization. This allows Fast-AGMS sketches to be computed only over the relevant tuples -- which enhances cardinality estimation accuracy. Plan enumeration is performed over the query join graph by incrementally composing attribute-level sketches -- not by building a separate sketch for every sub-plan. We prototype COMPASS in MapD -- an open-source parallel database -- and perform extensive experiments over the complete JOB benchmark. The results prove that COMPASS generates better execution plans -- both in terms of cardinality and runtime -- compared to four other database systems. Overall, COMPASS achieves a speedup ranging from 1.35X to 11.28X in cumulative query execution time over the considered competitors.
Nernst and Ettingshausen effects in gapped quantum materials

We investigate whether there could exist topological invariants of gapped two-dimensional materials related to dissipationless thermoelectric transport at low temperatures. We give both macroscopic and microscopic arguments showing that thermoelectric transport coefficients vanish in the limit of zero temperature, and thus topological invariants arise only from the electric Hall conductance and the thermal Hall conductance. Our arguments apply to systems with arbitrarily strong interactions. We also show that there is no analog of the Thouless pump for entropy.
Electron-Nuclear Wave Functions in Multiphonon Processes

The equation of detailed balance is set up for an imperfection which exhibits a largeStokes' shift and hence interacts strongly with the lattice. Terms for multiphonon transitions are added to the usual equation due toEinstein. This paper proves that in general the multiphonon terms will be exactly equal and that they will cancel out from the balance equation. Using the equation of detailed balance a new expression for the lifetime is obtained which indicates that an additional term appears in the relation of the oscillator strengths for absorption and emission. It indicates why one cannot calculate the lifetime of the excited state of say anF-center from the absorption and emission measurements alone. To establish these relations the Hamiltonians associated with the Born-Oppenheimer technique are explored further than previously and some new relations are obtained.
From parametric to non-parametric statistics in education and agricultural education research

A literature research conducted in education and agricultural education journals published during a period of 10 years revealed that 98% of the studies used parametric analyses. In general, model a...
Sharp Maximum-Entropy Comparisons

We establish a family of sharp entropy inequalities with Gaussian extremizers. These inequalities hold for certain dependent random variables, namely entropy-maximizing couplings subject to information constraints. Several well-known results, such as the Zamir-Feder and Brunn-Minkowski inequalities, follow as special cases.
Connected automated vehicle control in single lane roundabouts

Abstract This paper introduces a methodology to optimize the trajectory of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) in roundabouts using a two-dimensional point-mass model. We formulate an optimization problem that includes vehicle dynamics and collision-avoidance constraints with explicit representation of vehicle paths. The objective function of the problem minimizes the distance of CAVs to their destinations and their acceleration magnitudes. The methodology also involves a customized solution technique that convexifies the collision-avoidance constraints and employs the alternating direction method of multipliers to decompose the convexified problem into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem only includes vehicle dynamics constraints while the second sub-problem projects the solutions of the first sub-problem onto a collision-free region. The first sub-problem is then transformed into a quadratic problem by redefining its decision variables along vehicle paths. The transformation allows solving this sub-problem with several vehicle-level problems in a distributed architecture. Moreover, we show that iterating between the two sub-problems leads to convergence to the optimal solutions of the convexified problem. The methodology is applied to a case study roundabout with different demand levels. The results show that the trajectory optimization reduced the total travel times and average delays respectively by 9.1% to 36.8% and 95.8% to 98.5% compared to a scenario with human-driven vehicles.
Epidemiologic trends in pediatric ocular injury in the USA from 2010 to 2019

Epidemiologic studies related to the demographics and trends of ocular injury in the pediatric cohort in the last decade are limited. This study describes epidemiologic trends in consumer product–related pediatric ocular injuries from 2010 to 2019. This is a retrospective observational study utilizing data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Inclusion criteria include pediatric patients ages 1–20 presenting to NEISS emergency departments with an ocular injury from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Outcome measures include prevalence of ocular injury related to consumer products stratified by age group, sex, and injury setting. There were an estimated 636,582 consumer product (CP)–related incidents of ocular injury in children ages 1–20 years with an average age of 9.7 years (SD = 5.92) between 2010 and 2019; 416,378 (65.4%) patients were males with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1. The annual incidence of CP-related ocular injury in males decreased from 2010 to 2019 while that in females remained unchanged. The greatest number of injuries occurred in the 1–5-year age group (31%) followed 6–10 group (25%), 16–20 (22%), and 11–15 (21%). Ocular contusion was the most common diagnosis. The most common setting of injury was home (63%). The majority (96%) of patients were treated and released from the ED suggesting a minor injury. Of the 1% of patients admitted to the hospital with ocular injuries, one-fourth were due to an open globe injury. Most ocular injuries occurred in the summer months, and presentation to the ED was more frequent on the weekend than a weekday. Over one-fourth (28%) of injuries were sports-related followed by detergents/chemicals (16%), toys (11%), home workshop equipment (8%), kitchenware (5.0%), and home furniture in (4.4%). The frequency and rate of pediatric ocular injuries in the USA decreased during the last decade. Sports and non-powder guns caused the greatest number of eye injuries in the older pediatric cohorts (11–15- and 16–20-year age groups), while detergents/chemicals accounted for nearly 1/3 of all injuries in younger children (1–5 years). Prophylactic measures targeted to specific age groups will be important in reducing eye injuries further.
Investigation of a Novel Cross-Linked Hyaluronan Hydrogel for Use as a Soft-Tissue Filler

Objective:To investigate an innovative tyramine-based hyaluronan (TB-HA) biomaterial for soft-tissue augmentation. Specifically, to test: (1) the ability of the TB-HA biomaterial to be injected sub...
Sensitivity Analysis of Numerical Models

In the previous chapter, the linearization and adjoint approaches were applied to analytic models, and the obtained results matched those obtained in Chap. 4 using methods of differential calculus and variational calculus. This provided, albeit not rigorous but hopefully still convincing validation of general formulations of the linearization and adjoint approaches formulated in Chap. 3. In this chapter, the linearization and adjoint approaches of sensitivity analysis will be applied to selected numerical models for which analytic solutions are not available.
System applications for fiber Bragg gratings

Fiber Bragg gratings are becoming widely recognized as a very promising technology for a range of structural monitoring applications, and a key component in the development of smart structural concepts and systems for both military and commercial sector applications. This paper will review recent progress and developments in the area of fiber Bragg grating instrumentation systems. In particular, highly multiplexed sensor systems for quasi static strain sensing and high resolution systems for dynamic strain sensing will be described.
Molecular cloning of cDNA that encode MHC class I molecules from a New World primate (Saguinus oedipus). Natural selection acts at positions that may affect peptide presentation to T cells

To investigate the evolutionary pressures that drive the generation of polymorphism in primate MHC class I molecules, three cDNA that encode MHC class I alleles from a New World monkey, the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), were cloned and sequenced. These tamarin MHC class I alleles contained amino acid substitutions not found in any of the previously sequenced human MHC class I alleles. Moreover, the majority of these unique amino acid substitutions was located in the Ag recognition site at positions that have been shown to be critical in the presentation of viral peptides to T cells in mice and humans. These data suggest that selective pressures on MHC class I molecules preferentially act on the Ag recognition site and that the peptide binding or presenting functions of these molecules may drive the generation of MHC class I polymorphism. The novel Ag recognition sites of the tamarin MHC class I molecules, in addition to their restricted polymorphism, might account for the unusual susceptibility of the cotton-top tamarin to human pathogens.
Evaluation of the immediate impact of the Washington, D.C., smoke-free indoor air policy on bar employee environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

Multiple studies and meta-analyses have established that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure causes adverse health effects.1–4 According to the 2006 Surgeon General's report, even small levels of ETS exposure increase risks of coronary heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, and respiratory symptoms.2 Although the evidence of increased risk is well-documented, workplaces continue to be the most common sources of ETS exposure among American adults.1–14 In reviews of risk by type of employment, food-service employees have the highest ETS exposure rates.5,12 Smoke-free indoor air laws protected only 58% of food-service employees in 1999.14 When only bartenders were considered, the percentage protected by workplace smoke-free indoor air laws dropped even further to 13%. Bartenders are the only occupation group in the United States reporting less than 15% coverage by smoke-free indoor air policies.12 During the last decade, a large number of communities, states, and countries have passed smoking bans in restaurants and bars to protect employees. Evaluations of the impact of these laws have consistently reported improvements in employee health.5,8–20 In April 2006, the Washington, D.C., (DC) City Council approved an amendment to the Department of Health Functions Clarification Act of 2001, creating a smoke-free indoor air law.21 On January 2, 2007, the indoor smoking ban was initiated in bars, restaurants, and pool halls. Tobacco bars or establishments that earned ≥10% of their income from tobacco sales could apply for an “economic hardship” exemption, as could any bar that could demonstrate a 15% drop in sales during a three-month period after the ban compared with the previous two years. The passage of a new public health law presented a unique opportunity to evaluate its immediate impact on one of the most highly ETS-exposed group of employees. Only two similar types of evaluations that have used cotinine tests of food/beverage-service employee ETS exposure have been conducted in the U.S.15,17 Both recruited participants through newspaper ads, potentially biasing the sample population toward those most affected by ETS exposure. The primary aim of this evaluation was to test the hypothesis that implementation of the smoking ban significantly reduced by ≥50% DC bar employees' cotinine-confirmed ETS exposure and respiratory and sensory symptoms reports. This study recruited participants directly from their place of employment to avoid the potential self-selection of those most heavily affected by ETS.
Antibody-ligand interactions studied by fluorescence enhancement methods. II. Binding properties of anti-azonaphthalenesulfonate antibodies.

Abstract Spscially purified antibodies directed toward the 4-azonaphthelene-1-sulfonate group and toward the 6-azonaphthalene-2-sulfonate group from individual animals have been investigated by the method of flourescence enhancement. The fluorescent ligands used in the these studies were 4-anilinonaphtalene-1-sulfonate (4, 1-ANS), 6-anilinonaphthalene-2-sulfonate (6 2-ANS) and the corresponding toluidinylnaphthalene sulfonates, 4, 1-TNS and 6,2-TNS. The degree of fluorescent enhancement was found to be greater for the ligands when bound by their homologous antibody than when bound by the heterologous antibody. There was some variation in the fluorescent enhancement shown by a given ligand when bound by different individual antibody preparations of the same specificity. This variation was not related to the strength of binding of ligand by the different antibody preparations. Binding constants were calculated from fluorescence enhancement measurement at different total ligand concentrations. Relative binding constants for nonfluorescent ligands were measured by displacing a fluorescent indicator ligand from antibody. This method allowed determination of the contribution of the component parts of the naphthalenesulfonate structures to the binding, and provided information on the steric configuration of the binding sites in the antibody systems.
Theoretically based robust algorithms for tracking intersection curves of two deforming parametric surfaces

This paper applies singularity theory of mappings of surfaces to 3-space and the generic transitions occurring in their deformations to develop algorithms for continuously and robustly tracking the intersection curves of two deforming parametric spline surfaces, when the deformation is represented as a family of generalized offset surfaces. This paper presents the mathematical framework, and develops algorithms accordingly, to continuously and robustly track the intersection curves of two deforming parametric surfaces, with the deformation represented as generalized offset vector fields. The set of intersection curves of 2 deforming surfaces over all time is formulated as an implicit 2-manifold $\mathcal{I}$ in the augmented (by time domain) parametric space $\mathbb R^5$. Hyper-planes corresponding to some fixed time instants may touch$\mathcal{I}$ at some isolated transition points, which delineate transition events, i.e., the topological changes to the intersection curves. These transition points are the 0-dimensional solution to a rational system of 5 constraints in 5 variables, and can be computed efficiently and robustly with a rational constraint solver using subdivision and hyper-tangent bounding cones. The actual transition events are computed by contouring the local osculating paraboloids. Away from any transition points, the intersection curves do not change topology and evolve according to a simple evolution vector field that is constructed in the euclidean space in which the surfaces are embedded.
Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Hybridization, and the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Allendorf et al. (2004) describe introgressive hybridization and the potential “listing” of westslope cutthroat trout (WCT, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). This issue is complicated because many natural populations have experienced small amounts of introgression detectable only by molecular genetic methods. The issue is further complicated because portions of the native geographic ranges of WCT and rainbow trout (RT, O. mykiss), the principal hybridizing species, naturally overlap. Allendorf et al. recommend only “nonhybridized” populations be considered WCT under the ESA. If this recommendation is followed, then populations with any detectable introgression would be excluded from the subspecies and would be eligible for eradication under an ESA listing. Thus, for situations like WCT, a biological dichotomy exists between (1) the need to conserve the genetic resources of an imperiled species in which introgression has occurred and (2) the need to eliminate hybridization threats posed by introduced taxa. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has thoroughly examined this issue in response to a court order (USFWS 2003) and has reached conclusions that differ from those of Allendorf et al. We comment here on their perspectives and provide alternative viewpoints. Details of the USFWS’conclusions are described elsewhere (USFWS 2003). Allendorf et al. note (abstract), “There are currently no policy guidelines for treating hybrids under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.” This is partially true. A proposed “intercross policy” (USFWS 1996) was developed but never finalized because the range of possible hybridization situations precluded a single policy. Instead, policy
LGBTQ Research in Higher Education: A Review of Journal Articles, 2000-2003.

ABSTRACT A review of electronic databases identified 27 research-based articles concerning LGBTQ issues in higher education between 2000 and 2003. These articles are summarized into three categories: studies of campus climate, student life issues, and college teaching. Suggestions are provided for future research on postsecondary students; faculty; administration; policies; and women, bisexual, and transgender populations.
Thermophysical properties of U 3 Si to 1150 K

Abstract U3Si has the highest uranium density of the U–Si compounds, making it an attractive option for specialized reactor applications. Although the compound has been used in research and test reactors for nearly six decades, little data has been published in the literature which characterizes the thermophysical properties at elevated temperatures. A systematic study was conducted on U3Si to characterize thermal expansion, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity as a function of temperature to 1150 K. Thermophysical properties were also tabulated for the high temperature δ ′ -U3Si phase as a function of temperature, which has not been reported previously.
The Autocorrelation Function and Doppler Spectral Moments: Geometric and Asymptotic Interpretations

Abstract The relationships between the Doppler spectrum of velocities and the autocorrelation function can be studied via simple geometric and power series expansion relations. The asymptotic expansion of the autocorrelation function in terms of the central moments of the Doppler spectrum provides a new theoretical framework for time-domain spectral moment estimation and illustrates the trade-offs in optimal moment estimation. A number of new moment estimators are derived via this general approach and evaluations of three new spectral width estimators demonstrate that the implementation of a single spectral width estimator is generally not the best approach.
The Cauchy problem for a linear parabolic partial differential equation

Numerical approximation of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the linear parabolic partial differential equation is considered. The problem: (p(x)ux)x − q(x)u = p(x)ut, 0 < x < 1,0 < t⩽ T; u(0, t) = ƒ1(t), 0 < t ⩽ T; u(1,t) = ƒ2(t), 0 < t ⩽ T; p(0) ux(0, t) = g(t), 0 < t0 ⩽ t ⩽ T, is ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard. Complex variable and Dirichlet series techniques are used to establish Holder continuous dependence of the solution upon the data under the additional assumption of a known uniform bound for ¦ u(x, t)¦ when 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 and 0 ⩽ t ⩽ T. Numerical results are obtained for the problem where the data ƒ1, ƒ2 and g are known only approximately.
INCORPORATION OF RIBONUCLEOSIDE 5′-(α-P-BORANO)TRIPHOSPHATES INTO A 20-MER RNA BY T7 RNA POLYMERASE

The enzymatic synthesis of short boranophosphate RNA was studied by comparing the yield and pattern of abortive products of in vitro transcription at steady-state conditions with that of normal RNA. Boranophosphate short RNA can be readily synthesized by T7 RNA polymerase.
Two Remarks on the Glauberman-Isaacs Character Correspondence

Let the finite group A act as an automorphism group on the finite group G. When (¦G¦,¦A¦) = 1,we have the Glauberman-Isaacs natural character correspondence (bijection) *: Irr(G)A (the A-fixed irreducible characters of (G)) → Irr(CG(A)) (the irreducible characters of CG(A)). We present a short proof of a Theorem of G. Navarro ([9, Theorem A]), and a reduction of the general conjecture that Χ*(1) divides Χ(1) for all Χ ∈ Irr(G)A to the verification of this conjecture in which G is quasi-simple.
Poster: crowdsourcing to smartphones: social network based human collaboration

Crowdsourcing is an increasingly popular solution for human intelligence tasks (HITs). Existing systems consist centralized control platforms. We are exploring a more comprehensive system in which a smartphone network is adopted as an effective supplement for location and time sensitive tasks. Additionally, social networks are used for more efficient potential worker selection. The system architecture is designed featuring the dual communication paradigm, Internet-based centralized communication mode and the wifi-based ad hoc communication mode.
Interfacial Bonding and Optical Transmission for Transparent Fiberglass/Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Composites

Evidence is presented relating the interfacial bonding strength and the optical transmission of transparent glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites. The temperature dependent (20 o to 50 o C) optical transmission of composites that contained uncoated 13 μm glass fibers and 13 μm glass fibers coated with divinyltetramethyl disilazane or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate was found to decrease in the same order as the bond strength of the PMMA/glass fiber interface, namely, trimethoxy silane coated fiber, disilazane coated fiber, and uncoated fiber. SEM photographs showed similar fracture surfaces, clean fiber pull-out, and no apparent bonding of the glass fiber to the PMMA for the composites containing uncoated and disilazane coated fiber, whereas, the composite containing trimethoxy silane coated fiber showed virtually no clean fiber pullout. Additional evidence for differences in the bonding strength is seen in the degradation (penetration of water and fiber whitening) on aging at 23 o C in air or water for composites containing uncoated fiber (most degradation), disilazane coated fiber (slight degradation), and trimethoxy silane coated fiber (no degradation). The optical transmission between 20 o and 30 o C at 600 to 800 nm for the composite containing trimethoxy silane coated fiber decreased the least with increasing temperature (from ∼85% to 70%) while the composite containing uncoated fiber decreased the most (from ∼85% to 32%)
Isotope tracer methods for investigations of nitrogen deficiency in Castle Lake, California

Abstract Previous studies conducted at Castle Lake, California suggested that phytoplankton growth could be limited by low levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen during the summer growing season. We have used the isotopes H 14 CO 3 − , 13 NH 4 + , 15 NO 3 − , and 13 NO 3 − as tracers to determine the rates of inorganic carbon and nitrogen uptake by the natural phytoplankton community and their response to nitrogen enrichment. Experimental designs followed the procedures of several bioassay techniques which have been developed to investigate algal nutrient deficiency. The results indicate that the phytoplankton were nitrogen deficient throughout the growing season. Ammonium uptake was rate-limited by the external concentration of ammonium. Nitrate uptake was regulated by the availability of nitrate and molybdenum, and potentially by the assimilation of ammonium. Although N-enrichment enhanced photosynthesis in short-term experiments during the early portion of the growing season, the photosynthetic response was initially negative during midseason, and a positive response did not occur until 2–3 days had elapsed. This suggests that a lack of stimulation, or even inhibition, of inorganic carbon uptake upon nitrogen enrichment does not necessarily preclude N-deficiency.
The Relative Efficacy of Various Ointment Bases as Antiseptic Vehicles

This study indicates that the Beeler base, methyl cellulose base, and polyethylene glycol ointment are more efficient vehicles for ammoniated mercury, boric acid, and yellow mercuric oxide than the official white ointment.The Beeler base and polyethylene glycol ointment proved to be better vehicles for iodine than the official yellow ointment.Petrolatum-rose water ointment is a more efficient_ vehicle for ammoniated mercury and for yellow mercuric oxide than the official white ointment despite the incompatibility between the yellow mercuric oxide and the base.
Sigma opioid receptor; SKF-10,047 update

Abstract We found that (−)-SKF-10,047 blocks EEG and behavioral effects of morphine in the naive rat, precipitates withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats, produces physical dependence as evidenced by naloxone-induced withdrawal, and displaces [ 3 H] dihydromorphine from brain homogenates. (+)-SKF- 10,047 did not produce dependence upon chronic treatment, and it did not displace [ 3 H] dihydromorphine from brain homogenates. Such pharmacodynamic dissociation of SKF-10,047 effects suggests an association of sigma receptors with psychotogenic, but not opioid characteristics. The latter are most likely mediated by mu or kappa receptors.
SU-E-J-175: An Analysis of Localization Methods for SRS Using CBCT

Purpose: To evaluate multiple methods of localization for stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) for spatial accuracy and time required for each procedure. Methods: Multiple phantoms were imaged using a helical diagnostic computed tomography(CT) scanner (Toshiba™ Aquilion) and a linear accelerator mounted cone‐beam computed tomography(CBCT). Scans (for both machines) were acquired with a matrix of 512×512 at a field of view of 340 mm. A Varian Medical Systems™ absolute position phantom, in‐house created uniformity phantom, LUCY™ phantom, and Catphan phantom were each imaged to compare spatial homogeneity, linearity, spatial resolution,contrast, and uniformity. A final test of localization accuracy was completed by localizing a phantom using three different Methods: headring localization using helical CT, headring localization using CBCT, and “anatomical” localization using on‐board CBCT. Results: Average spatial localization errors from absolute phantom spheres were similar for the helical CT scanner (∼0.37 mm) compared with the on‐board CBCT (∼0.35 mm). R2 values for a line fit to the spatial position of the rods in the uniformity phantom scanned with CBCT were > 0.99. Spatial resolution of CBCT and CT were found to be similar using the CTP528 insert of the Catphan phantom (0.071 line pairs/cm). Spatial accuracy of localization by headring for CT and CBCT were similar but “anatomical” localization with CBCT may be less consistent. Conclusions: The spatial accuracy and linearity of CBCT may be adequate for stereotactic localization using a headring for SRS. Loss of low contrast resolution in CBCT may affect localization and position by CBCT alone. Headring localization using CBCT results in overall time savings without significant loss of spatial information. Localization by CBCT alone may result in increased spatial inaccuracies due to loss of contrast and potential MV radiation and on‐board imager isocenter mismatches.
Turbulent transport in an inclined jet in crossflow

Abstract The present study experimentally investigates a turbulent jet in crossflow relevant to film cooling applications. The jet is inclined at 30°, and its mean velocity is the same as the crossflow. Magnetic resonance imaging is used to obtain the full three-dimensional velocity and concentration fields, whereas Reynolds stresses are obtained along selected planes by Particle Image Velocimetry. The critical role of the counter-rotating vortex pair in the mixing process is apparent from both velocity and concentration fields. The jet entrainment is not significantly higher than in an axisymmetric jet without crossflow, because the proximity of the wall inhibits the turbulent transport. Reynolds shear stresses correlate with velocity and concentration gradients, consistent with the fundamental assumptions of simple turbulence models. However the eddy viscosity is strongly anisotropic and non-homogeneous, being especially low along the leeward side of the jet close to injection. Turbulent diffusion acts to decouple mean velocity and concentration fields, as demonstrated by the drop in concentration flux within the streamtube issued from the hole. Volume-averaged turbulent diffusivity is calculated using a mass–flux balance across the streamtube emanating from the jet hole, and it is found to vary slowly in the streamwise direction. The data are compared with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulations with standard k − e closure and an optimal turbulent Schmidt number. The computations underestimate the strength of the counter-rotating vortex pair, due to an overestimated eddy viscosity. On the other hand the entrainment is increasingly underpredicted downstream of injection. To capture the correct macroscopic trends, eddy viscosity and eddy diffusivity should vary spatially in different ways. Therefore a constant turbulent Schmidt number formulation is inadequate for this flow.
Head lag in infants at risk for autism: A preliminary study

OBJECTIVE.Poor postural control during pull-to-sit is a predictor of developmental disruption in cerebral palsy and preterm populations but has not been examined in infants at risk for autism. We examined the association between head lag during pull-to-sit at age 6 mo and autism risk status. METHOD.High-risk participants were siblings of children with autism. We studied one sample of 40 high-risk infants prospectively from 6-36 mo and obtained diagnostic classifications of autism or no autism. We conducted a subsequent between-group comparison with a new sample of 20 high-risk and 21 low-risk infants. RESULTS.Head lag was significantly associated with autism spectrum disorder at 36 mo (p = .020) and was more frequently observed in high-risk than in low-risk infants (p = .018). CONCLUSION.Head lag with other alterations in early development may be associated with autism risk and may serve as an early indicator of neurodevelopmental disruption. Results have clinical implications for occupational therapists in early intervention practice.
New insights on preventing and managing peritonitis

Methods to prevent peritonitis are an essential component of any successful peritoneal dialysis (PD) program. Careful attention to training of the parents and child on the proper technique of PD and avoidance of manual spiking by using an assist device for the cycler, or use of the double-bag system for continuous ambulatory PD, should decrease risk of peritonitis from touch contamination. Secondly, reduction of peritonitis can be achieved through reduction of exit site infections by use of mupirocin antibiotic cream at the exit site of the PD catheter as part of routine care. If an exit site infection develops and is refractory to therapy, then the PD catheter can be successfully replaced as a single procedure, to reduce the risk of peritonitis. The third step in reducing the risk of peritonitis is to avoid repetitive episodes with the same organism. This may again involve replacing the catheter; as long as the effluent can be cleared, this again can be performed as a single procedure, thus allowing the child to avoid the trauma of hemodialysis. The focus in pediatric PD programs must always be on preserving the peritoneal membrane, and not on preservation of the catheter. With careful attention, peritonitis can become an uncommon event.
Insufficient Evidence for the Efficacy of MRI for Diagnosing TMJ Disorder

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The Efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Degenerative and Inflammatory Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review Limchaichana N, Petersson A, Rohlin M. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102(4):521-36 Purpose/Question The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of MRI in the diagnosis of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the TMJ. Level of Evidence 2 Strength of Recommendation C Source of Funding Information not available. Type of Study/Design Systematic Review
On the application of the finite element method to metal forming processes — part I

Metal forming processes are characterized by large amounts of plastic flow which come from taking blanks or billets of elementry shape and distorting them into more useful geometries, generally more complicated. In terms of manufacturing technology, the field is divided into bulk forming and sheet forming. Bulk forming covers extrustion and plate rolling while sheet forming includes sheet metal stamping and stretch forming. Possibilities for using modern finite element method computational tools for the detailed examination of these processes are discussed. The purpose is to explore what aspects of metal forming are readily studied by computational mechanics. For example, the role of friction between the tool and the metal being formed is available for study. From the calculations it will be evident how the effects of changes in tool and die shapes may be explored as well as how formablity is affected by changes in stress-strain behavior from alloying.
Finite temperature QCD with dynamical fermions—quark number susceptibility and chiral symmetry restoration

Abstract Recently, techniques for dealing with dynamical fermions have advanced to the stage where one can do finite temperature simulations on reasonably sized lattices. Topics of interest include the nature of the quark-gluon plasma and that of the chiral symmetry restoring transition. We have measured the response of the quark number density to an infinitesimal chemical potential and found a signal consistent with a plasma of light quarks. Studies of finite temperature chiral symmetry restoration with two and four flavors of dynamical quarks are also presented.
Reflections: The Past and Future of Research on Institutions and Institutional Change

The study of institutions has a long history, but recent efforts stress the significance of symbolic elements in shaping social life. Although institutional processes and structures operate from the most micro interpersonal level to the most macro transocietal level, most research during the past few decades has concentrated on higher levels, such as the organization field. Institutional scholarship has been strongly influenced by structuration theory and, as a consequence, has given increasing attention to processes of institutional reinforcement and change. Directions of development showing promise include attention to intermediaries in fields, social movement processes, instituted modes of change, and transnational institution-building.
Use of 73Ge NMR Spectroscopy and X-ray Crystallography for the Study of Electronic Interactions in Substituted Tetrakis(phenyl)-, -(phenoxy)-, and -(thiophenoxy)germanes

NMR chemical shifts of 1H, 13C, and 73Ge, molecular modeling, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction results are reported for a series of substituted tris- and tetrakis(phenyl)germanes of the type (X...
Global mass spectrometry based metabolomics profiling of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum.

Malaria is a global infectious disease that threatens the lives of millions of people. Transcriptomics, proteomics and functional genomics studies, as well as sequencing of the Plasmodium falciparum and Homo sapiens genomes, have shed new light on this host-parasite relationship. Recent advances in accurate mass measurement mass spectrometry, sophisticated data analysis software, and availability of biological pathway databases, have converged to facilitate our global, untargeted biochemical profiling study of in vitro P. falciparum-infected (IRBC) and uninfected (NRBC) erythrocytes. In order to expand the number of detectable metabolites, several key analytical steps in our workflows were optimized. Untargeted and targeted data mining resulted in detection of over one thousand features or chemical entities. Untargeted features were annotated via matching to the METLIN metabolite database. For targeted data mining, we queried the data using a compound database derived from a metabolic reconstruction of the P. falciparum genome. In total, over one hundred and fifty differential annotated metabolites were observed. To corroborate the representation of known biochemical pathways from our data, an inferential pathway analysis strategy was used to map annotated metabolites onto the BioCyc pathway collection. This hypothesis-generating approach resulted in over-representation of many metabolites onto several IRBC pathways, most prominently glycolysis. In addition, components of the “branched” TCA cycle, partial urea cycle, and nucleotide, amino acid, chorismate, sphingolipid and fatty acid metabolism were found to be altered in IRBCs. Interestingly, we detected and confirmed elevated levels for cyclic ADP ribose and phosphoribosyl AMP in IRBCs, a novel observation. These metabolites may play a role in regulating the release of intracellular Ca2+ during P. falciparum infection. Our results support a strategy of global metabolite profiling by untargeted data acquisition. Untargeted and targeted data mining workflows, when used together to perform pathway-inferred metabolomics, have the benefit of obviating MS/MS confirmation for every detected compound.
Commentary on ‘Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed’

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Flint A, New K, Davies NW. Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD005092. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005092.pub2. Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Structural Geology and Map Interpretation

Geological maps lay flat the three-dimensional architecture of a region's rock record. In doing so, they reveal and document geometrical relationships and geological histories that would otherwise be difficult, if not impossible, to visualize. They are a primary data source for a wide range of practical applications, from civil engineering, mining, and energy resource exploration to urban planning and geologic hazard mitigation, and are literally the “ground truth” for understanding environments and processes of the Earth's past. Their utility resides not only in a plan-view portrayal of surface geology, but in the geometrical information they contain that allows projection of surface geology to the subsurface, or into regions where surface control is lacking. Understanding this predictive capacity and being able to read and truly appreciate a geological map's three-dimensional character are among the most unique and important skills a geologist masters. These same skills are unfortunately among the most difficult for students to learn.
Laser-assisted chemical reactions: Semiclassical approach employing floquet and R-matrix theories

Abstract A general theory of laser-assisted reactions which includes multiphoton effects is presented. The scattering dynamics is determined by the quantal R -matrix formalism and the semiclassical radiation—complex interaction is described by non-perturbative Floquet theory. The theory is applied to a model collinear A + BC reaction in an IR laser field.
Spinal cord infarction and paraplegia after peripheral vascular surgery with spinal anesthesia.

Abstract Paraplegia after peripheral vascular surgery under spinal anesthesia is rare and may be a result of multiple factors, including hematoma, trauma from the needle, toxic injection, and spinal cord infarction. We report a case of T 10 paraplegia after uncomplicated spinal anesthesia in a patient undergoing emergency thrombectomy and femoral-popliteal bypass.
IT outsourcing and firm-level performance: A transaction cost perspective

We analyzed the effect of the level of low asset specificity IT outsourcing on firm-level financial performance. We used transaction cost economics (TCE) as the theoretical basis to explain the effect of the level of network and telecommunication services outsourced on financial performance. An analysis of 1444 Integrated Healthcare Delivery Systems revealed that higher levels of network and telecommunication services outsourced were associated with superior financial performance. Specifically, each additional network and telecommunication service outsourced resulted in an average $3,120,000 in savings, a 25% increase in profit. In addition, increases in IT budgetary expenditures were found to be associated with increased financial performance. Our study provided preliminary support for the use of asset specificity to guide outsourcing decisions. In particular, IT activities that have become commodities (having 'low specificity') should be outsourced to improve the firm's financial performance.
WITHDRAWN: Special issue of the International Journal of Coal Geology on coal and geostatistics

Abstract Available online 10th November 2012 This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy
Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells Adhere to Thrombospondin-1 via an RGD/CSVTCG Domain Independent Mechanism

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a 450-kDa glycoprotein secreted by platelets and endothelial cells at sites of tissue injury or inflammation, plays an important role in angiogenesis, inflammation, and vascular occlusive skin diseases. Many of the physiologic and pathologic activities of TSP-1 are dependent upon its interactions with endothelial cells. To better understand the basis of these activities, we examined the mechanisms mediating the binding of human dermal microvascnlar endothelial cells (HDMEC) to immobilized TSP-1. HDMEC bound to but did not spread on TSP-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) which recognize two purported TSP-1 binding proteins, CD36 and the α v integrin chain, or TSP-l-derived peptides CGRGDS and CSVTCG, alone or in combination with heparin, did not inhibit HDMEC adhesion to immobilized TSP-1. Furthermore, CSVTCG-ovalbumin conjugates failed to support HDMEC adhesion. Although RGD-containing peptides immobilized on plastic wells supported HDMEC binding, they also induced cell spreading not characteristic of cell binding to TSP-1 and binding was inhibited by free RGD peptide. Two MoAbs against different domains of TSP-1 (A4.1 and C6.1) failed to block HDMEC binding to TSP-1, but both MoAbs inhibited G361 human melanoma cell binding to TSP-1 by 60%. Acid treatment of TSP-1 almost completely abrogated its ability to support HDMEC binding, while acid treatment inhibited G361 binding by 50%. However, either antibody completely abrogated G-361 cell binding to acid-treated TSP-1. These data demonstrate that HDMEC bind to immobilized TSP-1 in an RGD- and CSVTCG-independent manner via an acid labile epitope(s) which is recognized via a receptor or receptors distinct from CD36 or α v β integrin receptor.