cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The language of confession, interrogation and deception

Taking a linguistic perspective, this book is a practical explanation of how confessions work. Roger Shuy, author of the 1993 benchmark work, Language Crimes, examines criminal confessions, the interrogations that elicit confessions, and the deceptive language that plays a role in the actual confession. He presents transcripts from numerous interrogations and analyzes how language is used, how constitutional rights are protected (or not), and discusses consistency, truthfulness, suggestibility, written confessions and unvalidated confessions. He also provides specific advice about how to conduct interrogations that will yield credible evidence.
Elastic scattering of α-particles by 24Mg in the energy range 8 to 19 MeV

Abstract Excitation curves for 24 Mg(α, α) elastic scattering have been measured at four angles in the bombarding energy range 8 to 19 MeV. The excitation curves show that the differential cross section fluctuates widely and rapidly about an average cross section which depends strongly on energy and traces broader structures typically about 1 MeV wide. The narrow fluctuation structure was analysed and shown to resemble Ericson fluctuations with Γ ⪅ KeV. Eleven angular distributions have been measured and fitted by optical model analysis. Seven of these are in the region 12.30 to 14.00 MeV bombarding energy at maxima and minima of large fluctuations in the 90°c.m. excitation curve. Good fits were obtained with real well depths of about 110 MeV. The average of the seven angular distributions was separately analysed, and the quality of the fit is comparable to or better than that of the individual angular distribution fits.
Comparison of the action of the 5-HT2 antagonists amperozide and trazodone on preference for alcohol in rats

Previous studies in the rat demonstrated that the 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) antagonist amperozide attenuates the volitional intake of both alcohol and cocaine solutions in a free-choice situation. However, another 5-HT2 antagonist, ritanserin, has not been found to reduce alcohol drinking consistently in the rat. In this study, trazodone was compared to amperozide for its effect on the volitional consumption of alcohol because, like amperozide, trazodone is a potent 5-HT2 receptor antagonist but a weak inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to drink alcohol by 10 mg/kg cyanamide injected for 3 days b.i.d. One week later the rats were offered a choice of water and increasing concentrations of alcohol solutions ranging from 3% to 30% v/v in a three-bottle two-choice paradigm. After the concentration of alcohol that produced maximal daily intake was determined for each rat, trazodone or amperozide was injected b.i.d. SC in doses of 1.0 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg for three days. Whereas the higher dose of amperozide produced a significant, 55.6% decrease from pretreatment baseline of alcohol intake, trazodone did not alter alcohol preference at either the 1.0- or 2.5-mg/kg dose. These results are discussed in terms of whether the antagonism of 5-HT2 receptors by amperozide is critical to its attenuating effect on preference for alcohol solutions.
Secondary structure predictions for long RNA sequences based on inversion excursions: preliminary results

The tremendous demand on computer memory and computing time for prediction of complex secondary structures limits the applicability of most RNA secondary structure prediction programs available to short RNA sequences. We propose to approach this problem by segmenting a long RNA sequence into shorter non-overlapping chunks, predicting the secondary structures of each chunk individually, and then assembling the prediction results to give the structure of the original sequence. The selection of cutting points is a crucial component of the approach. Noting that stem-loops and pseudoknots always contain an inversion, we developed two cutting methods, the centered and optimized methods, for segmenting long RNA sequences based on inversion excursions. For the majority of the sequences in a dataset of 50 RNAs from the RFAM database, the prediction algorithm PKnotsRG used with these cutting methods produces more accurate secondary structures than those predicted for the whole sequence without segmentation. Both the centered and optimized cutting methods outperform the naive regular segmentation. These results support our claim that cutting is a promising approach for the prediction of long RNA sequences, and choosing the cutting points intelligently by considering sequence features such as inversion excursions can further enhance prediction accuracy.
Finite-element neural networks for solving differential equations

The solution of partial differential equations (PDE) arises in a wide variety of engineering problems. Solutions to most practical problems use numerical analysis techniques such as finite-element or finite-difference methods. The drawbacks of these approaches include computational costs associated with the modeling of complex geometries. This paper proposes a finite-element neural network (FENN) obtained by embedding a finite-element model in a neural network architecture that enables fast and accurate solution of the forward problem. Results of applying the FENN to several simple electromagnetic forward and inverse problems are presented. Initial results indicate that the FENN performance as a forward model is comparable to that of the conventional finite-element method (FEM). The FENN can also be used in an iterative approach to solve inverse problems associated with the PDE. Results showing the ability of the FENN to solve the inverse problem given the measured signal are also presented. The parallel nature of the FENN also makes it an attractive solution for parallel implementation in hardware and software.
Counting and Naming Connection Islands on a Grid of Conductors

Consider a grid of T horizontal and T vertical information conductors. At each crossing point it is possible to either connect a horizontal to a vertical conductor or just let the connection be open. When connected at a crossing point, both conductors share the same information state throught their lengths.
Determination of enzyme kinetics and glutathione conjugates of chlortetracycline and chloroacetanilides using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) isolated from chlortetracycline (CTC)-treated maize catalyzed the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with CTC, producing stable conjugates that were structurally characterized using liquid chromatography–ion-trap mass spectrometry (LC–IT-MS). Enzyme-mediated dechlorination of CTC resulted during GSH conjugation as revealed by the mass spectra of the CTC–GSH conjugate, which was characterized by the loss of the chlorine isotopic signature, and shorter chromatographic retention time relative to the chlorinated parent compound. Several fragmentation patterns in the mass spectrum of the CTC–GSH conjugate can be used to verify the identity of the enzyme reaction products. The expected molecular ion [M + H]+ of the CTC–GSH conjugate (m/z 751) with chlorine removal was not observed in the positive electrospray ionization. Instead, a base peak of m/z 677, corresponding to the loss of glycine (MW = 75 Da), was observed. When m/z 677 was subjected to further fragmentation, characteristic peaks corresponding to the loss of glutamic acid (m/z = 129) and water (m/z 18) were observed in the MS/MS spectrum. The catalytic activity of the CTC-induced GST towards dechlorination of chloroacetanilide herbicides (alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor), which are known to be detoxified in plants via the glutathione pathway, was also evaluated in vitro. Glutathione conjugates of chloroacetanilides also showed the losses of m/z 129 and m/z 18 that are characteristic of GSH conjugates when characterized by LC–IT-MS. Interestingly, the sensitivity of LC–IT-MS made it possible, for the first time, to detect chloroacetanilides that are conjugated with two GSH molecules, in addition to the known single GSH conjugates. This research demonstrates a more sensitive and specific method of measuring enzyme reaction products using LC–IT-MS.
Reconstructing mid-late Holocene cyclone variability in the Central Pacific using sedimentary records from Tahaa, French Polynesia

Abstract We lack an understanding of the geographic and temporal controls on South Pacific cyclone activity. Overwash records from backbarrier salt marshes and coastal ponds have been used to reconstruct tropical cyclone strikes in the North Atlantic basin. However, these specific backbarrier environments are scarce in the South Pacific, with cyclone records limited primarily to the period of modern observation. This instrumental record suggests a correlation with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but longer records are necessary to test this relationship over geologic timescales and explore other potential climate drivers of tropical cyclone variability. Deep lagoons behind coral reefs are widespread in the Pacific and provide an alternative setting for developing long-term sedimentary reconstructions of tropical cyclone occurrence. Coarse-grained event deposits within the sediments of a back-reef lagoon surrounding Tahaa reveal a 5000-year record of cyclone occurrences. Timing of recent high-energy deposits matches well with observed tropical cyclone strikes and indicates coarse deposits are storm derived. Longer records show tropical cyclone activity was higher from 5000 to 3800 and 2900 to 500 yrs BP. Comparison to records from the North Pacific (out-of-phase) and North Atlantic (in phase) suggests a coordinated pattern of storm activity across tropical cyclone basins over the mid-late Holocene. The changes in tropical cyclone activity we observe in the South Pacific and across other basins may be related to ENSO as well as precession driven changes in ocean-atmosphere thermal gradients.
Gain Expansion and Compression of SIS Mixers

It is a well known fact that SIS mixers exhibit gain compression when the output IF voltage swing becomes non-negligible compared to the width of the photon step. In this paper, we show that under certain circumstances, SIS mixers can also exhibit the inverse phenomenon-gain expansion. This non-linear behavior has been observed experimentally when the output power-voltage curve of an SIS mixer has a double peak feature over the photon step. In this case, if the device is biased at the valley position between the two peaks, the conversion gain of the mixer will increase with input signal power. Consequently, the noise temperature of the mixer deduced from a Y-factor measurement will be artificially reduced. Two different experimental methods have been used to characterize the linearity of SIS mixers. The accuracies of both methods are analysed.
Heliothis species on tobacco cultivars and Physalis species in Kentucky.

Both Heliothis virescens (F.) and Heliothis subflexa (Guenee) were commonly found on Physalis heterophylla Nees. A few H. subflexa were present on plots of tobacco cultivars. No Heliothis zea (Boddie) were found on either of the 2 species of Physalis; only 2 H. virescens larvae were found on plots of P. subglabrata Mack. & Bush., and none on this plant when growing wild. Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa could be separated by a difference in coloration patterns of the hind wings.
Rates of convergence for the cluster tree

For a density f on ℝd, a high-density cluster is any connected component of {x : f(x) ≥ λ}, for some λ < 0. The set of all high-density clusters form a hierarchy called the cluster tree of f. We present a procedure for estimating the cluster tree given samples from f. We give finite-sample convergence rates for our algorithm, as well as lower bounds on the sample complexity of this estimation problem.
Sensitivity of a Riparian Large Woody Debris Recruitment Model to the Number of Contributing Banks and Tree Fall Pattern

Riparian large woody debris (LWD) recruitment simulations have traditionally applied a random angle of tree fall from two well-forested stream banks. We used a riparian LWD recruitment model (CWD, version 1.4) to test the validity of these assumptions. Both the number of contributing forest banks and predominant tree fall direction significantly influenced simulated riparian LWD delivery, but there was no apparent interaction between these factors. Pooled across all treatments, the average predicted 300-year cumulative LWD recruitment was 77.1 m 3 /100 m reach with both banks forested compared to 49.3 m 3 /100 m reach when only one side was timbered. Total recruitment within bank cover categories (one versus both forested) depended on the directionality of the falling stem. When only one bank was forested, the CWD model predicted the same riparian LWD recruitment for the random and CWD default tree fall patterns (39 m 3 /100 m reach), the pattern biased toward the channel yielded twice this volume, a pattern quartering toward the channel produced 64% more LWD, and the pattern paralleling the channel contributed almost 30% less than random. With both banks forested, the random, default, and quartering simulations resulted in similar delivery (about 78 m 3 /100 m reach), the pattern biased toward the channel contributed almost 14% more LWD, and the parallel pattern yielded 26% less. Because CWD is similar in design and operation to other riparian LWD recruitment models, it follows that any simulation of wood delivery to streams should be checked for their consistency with local forest cover and tree failure patterns. West. J. Appl. For. 19(2):117-122.
A Cloud-based shareable library of cooperative behaviors for Agent Based Modeling in construction

Abstract Recognizing the importance of cooperation in construction, a growing community of scholars has started applying Agent Based Modeling (ABM) to investigate micro-level cooperative behaviors. In the process, numerous models were separately developed, resulting in duplicate development efforts, inconsistent theoretical foundations and a lack of integration. A sharable, universal and open source database of behavioral models comprised of cooperative behaviors relevant to construction problems is proposed, namely Human Cooperative Behavioral Library (HCBL). Facilitated by a cloud environment, HCBL allows fast queries from remote modelers. HCBL is also expandable: future contributors can add or modify behavioral modules upon discovering new evidence, which will continuously improve the information. An HCBL prototype was developed with 12 cooperative behaviors modeled and coded as behavioral modules, or methods, encapsulated in a parent class called actor. To prove its usefulness, HCBL was used in an ABM model to investigate cross-functional cooperation in an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) project. Result has shown that HCBL makes the development of ABM models easier. This study sets a stepping-stone for modularizing ABM for behavioral simulation studies in construction.
Studies on the Regulation of Glycogen and Lipid Metabolism by Insulin and Growth Factors: The Involvement of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activation and Casein Kinase II

One of the fundamental questions today in studies on the regulation of glycogen and lipid metabolism by insulin and the growth factors whose receptors are protein tyrosine kinases, is how do these ligands on binding to their respective receptors communicate responses to the cytoplasm. Initial events in signaling begin with increased autophosphorylation on tyrosine and serine residues of the cytoplasmic domains of the receptors themselves. Indeed, it is now generally accepted that binding of these hormones results in the activation of intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, and that this activity is prerequisite and essential for all subsequent metabolic events (for reviews, see Denton 1986; Rosen 1987; Pelech et al. 1987; Czech et al. 1988). These immediate events bring about both increases and decreases in the phosphorylation state (on serine and threonine residues) of many of the important regulatory proteins and enzymes of protein synthesis, glycogen and lipid metabolism, e.g., ribosomal protein S6, glycogen synthase, pyruvate-dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hormone-sensitive lipase. Importantly, in some instances, good evidence has been obtained to show that these effects on phosphorylation correlate well with changes in the flux of substrates through each respective pathway and also with changes in the intrinsic activity of the individual regulatory steps concerned (for reviews, see Stralfors et al. 1984; Cohen 1986; Roach 1986; Denton 1986).
The Developing Brain

This chapter reviews the development of the normal brain primarily as studied with nuclear imaging methods, with an emphasis on radiopharmaceutical-based methods [positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and PET-computed tomography (PET-CT)]. These methods retain unchallenged specificity and sensitivity for certain important neurochemical events. We will also cover advances in allied techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based and electrophysiologic methods. The functional modalities of PET and SPECT are best studied concurrently with structural modalities, including MRI and CT. In selected cases, both functional MRI (fMRI) and nonimaging modalities such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allow for in vivo molecular speciation, and can be brought to bear as well as magnetoencephalography (MEG). The recent introduction of hybrid PET-CT methods introduces a further dimension by allowing direct comparison of functional and structural features in a fused data set. By including these intermodality comparisons we hope to provide a more integrated and mutually explanatory exposition of the imaging of normal brain development
Structure of the Particle-Hole Amplitudes in No-core Shell Model Wave Functions

We study the structure of the no-core shell model wave functions for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ by investigating the ground state and first excited state electron scattering charge form factors. In both nuclei, large particle-hole (ph) amplitudes in the wave functions appear with the opposite sign to that needed to reproduce the shape of the $(e,{e}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ form factors, the charge radii, and the B(E2) values for the lowest two states. The difference in sign appears to arise mainly from the monopole $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}=2$ matrix elements of the kinetic and potential energy ($T+V$) that transform under the harmonic oscillator SU(3) symmetries as $(\ensuremath{\lambda},\ensuremath{\mu})=(2,0)$. These are difficult to determine self-consistently, but they have a strong effect on the structure of the low-lying states and on the giant monopole and quadrupole resonances. The Lee-Suzuki transformation, used to account for the restricted nature of the space in terms of an effective interaction, introduces large higher-order $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}=n,ng2$, ph amplitudes in the wave functions. The latter ph excitations aggravate the disagreement between the experimental and predicted $(e,{e}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ form factors with increasing model spaces, especially at high momentum transfers. For sufficiently large model spaces, the situation begins to resolve itself for $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, but the convergence is slow. A prescription to constrain the ph excitations would likely accelerate convergence of the calculations.
Lactobacillus Empyema in a Patient With Schizophrenia

Lactobacillus species are anaerobic gram-positive rods that are part of the normal human flora as well as commercially available probiotic formulations. Although their pathogenicity in the normal h...
Resting energy expenditure in reduced-obese subjects in the National Weight Control Registry

Background: Weight loss in obese subjects is associated with a reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Whether the reduction can be explained solely by a reduction in lean body mass remains controversial. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether the reduction in RMR after weight loss was proportional to the decrease in lean mass alone or was greater than could be explained by body composition. Design: We measured the RMR, fasting respiratory quotient (RQ), and body composition in 40 reduced-obese subjects [ie, 7 men and 33 women who had lost ≥13.6 kg (30 lb) and maintained the loss for ≥ 1 y] enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry and 46 weight-matched control subjects (9 men, 37 women). Results: A stepwise multiple regression found lean mass, fat mass, age, and sex to be the best predictors of RMR in both groups. After adjusting RMR for these variables, we found no significant difference in RMR (5926 ± 106 and 6015 ± 104 kJ/d) between the 2 groups (P = 0.35). When we adjusted fasting RQ for percentage body fat and age, the reduced-obese group had a slightly higher (0.807 ± 0.006) RQ than the control group (0.791 ± 0.005, P = 0.05). This may have been due to the consumption of a diet lower in fat or to a reduced capacity for fat oxidation in the reduced-obese group. Conclusion: These results show that in at least some reduced-obese individuals there does not seem to be a permanent obligatory reduction in RMR beyond the expected reduction for a reduced lean mass.
Oral contraceptives for the prevention of osteoporosis

Oral contraceptives are a safe and acceptable form of contraception in perimenopausal women and may be effective in maintaining bone mass prior to menopause. Studies of the bone-sparing properties of oral contraceptives are difficult to interpret because of confounding variables, such as age, smoking, duration of use, exercise, menstrual function and endocrine diseases. Nevertheless, the results of many studies suggest that premenopausal use of oral contraceptives is associated with higher bone density than is nonuse. Long-term premenopausal oral contraceptive use allows women to enter menopause with bone density that is 2-3% higher than in nonusers. The optimal duration of use and dosage of estrogen and the clinical importance of this effect remain to be determined.
Heritable Cancer Syndromes Related to the Hypoxia Pathway

Families of tumor-suppressor genes, such as those involved in homologous recombination or mismatch repair, contain individual genes implicated in hereditary cancer syndromes. Collectively, such groupings establish that inactivating germline changes in genes within pathways related to genomic repair can promote carcinogenesis. The hypoxia pathway, whose activation is associated with aggressive and resistant sporadic tumors, is another pathway in which tumor-suppressor genes have been identified. Von Hippel-Lindau disease, some of the hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndromes, and the syndrome of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma are heritable conditions associated with genes involved or associated with the hypoxia pathway. This review links these heritable cancer syndromes to the hypoxia pathway while also comparing the relative aggression and treatment resistance of syndrome-associated tumors to similar, sporadic tumors. The reader will become aware of shared phenotypes (e.g. pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma, renal cell carcinoma) among these three hypoxia-pathway asscociated heritable cancer syndromes as well as the known associations of tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance within these pathways.
Racial/Ethnic differences among smokers: revisited and expanded to help seekers.

Introduction Most research on racial/ethnic differences among smokers is outdated and does not focus on help seekers. The purpose of this study was to revisit racial/ethnic differences in variables related to cessation in a sample of smokers enrolled in a randomized trial. Methods Adult smokers (N = 417; n = 126 White; n = 123 Hispanic; n = 168 Black) completed measures of demographics, smoking history, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and readiness to quit. Results We found significant differences in these factors across groups. Blacks were more likely to be older, less educated, single, low income, smoke menthol cigarettes, and report greater nicotine dependence. Hispanics were younger, reported fewer years smoking and cigarettes per day, lower nicotine dependence, preferred mentholated cigarettes, and reported greater alcohol use intensity. After controlling for demographics and smoking history, Blacks reported greater depressive symptoms and lower readiness to quit compared with Whites and Hispanics. Conclusions Help-seeking Blacks may exhibit more risk factors for difficulty quitting compared with other groups. Hispanics may have some protective factors, such as lower dependence, but require attention to alcohol use and menthol smoking. Identifying preintervention racial/ethnic differences in characteristics related to cessation is important for developing evidence-based and culturally specific interventions and for reducing tobacco-related health disparities.
Experimental Study on Propane Jet Fire Hazards: Thermal Radiation

Jet fires are one of the major hazards in the oil and gas industry, and half of the reported jet fires caused a domino effect that enlarged the incident. Previous work with propane focused on vertical jet fires. In this work, both horizontal and vertical fires were studied through 21 tests conducted at the Brayton Fire Training Field. The fires were sustained by either vapor or liquid propane. The visualization of flames using both video and infrared cameras identified that cylindrical shape was a good description of vertical and horizontal jet fires. For the vertical fires, a correlation was developed for radiation against distance from the flame axis. For horizontal fires, the solid flame model was used to predict radiation; the selected parameters were evaluated by statistical performance measures. The effects of vapor flow rate, surface emissive power, and the fraction of radiation were also studied.
Inflammatory macrophage nuclear factor-κB and proteasome activity are inhibited following exposure to inhaled isobutyl nitrite

A history of abuse of nitrite inhalants has been correlated with HIV seropositivity and Kaposi's sarcoma. A series of 14 daily, 45-min exposures of mice to 900-ppm isobutyl nitrite in an inhalation chamber reduced the number of peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) by 35% and the number of resident peritoneal macrophages (RPM) by 18%. Although the tumoricidal activity of RPM was not affected by the inhalant, the cytotoxicity of PEM was reduced by 26%. The induction of nitric oxide (NO) and the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein in PEM were inhibited by the inhalant to a similar extent. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in PEM from mice exposed to the inhalant corresponded to reduced degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaB alpha. Proteasome-associated, enzymatic activity was compromised in PEM from inhalant-exposed mice, suggesting that inhaled isobutyl nitrite compromised macrophage, tumoricidal activity by inhibiting proteasomal degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaB alpha.
Deep Retinal Capillary Nonperfusion Is Associated With Photoreceptor Disruption in Diabetic Macular Ischemia.

Purpose To report outer retinal structural changes associated with macular capillary nonperfusion at the level of deep capillary plexus (DCP) in diabetic patients. Design Prospective observational cross-sectional study. Methods The study included 14 eyes of 10 patients who were diagnosed as having diabetic retinopathy. To study the outer retina and localize areas of capillary nonperfusion at the superficial (SCP) or DCP, we used the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) device (RTVue-XR Avanti; Optovue Inc, Fremont, California, USA) with split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) software for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Two independent masked graders (F.S. and A.A.F.) qualitatively evaluated SDOCT scans as either normal or having outer retina disruption. The angiographic images were examined to define the presence and location of capillary nonperfusion. Results Eight eyes showed outer retinal disruption on SDOCT that co-localized to areas of enlarged foveal avascular zone, areas of no flow between capillaries, and capillary nonperfusion of the DCP. Six eyes without outer retinal changes on SDOCT showed robust perfusion of the DCP. Conclusions Using OCTA, this study shows that macular photoreceptor disruption on SDOCT in patients with diabetic retinopathy corresponds to areas of capillary nonperfusion at the level of the DCP. This is important in highlighting the contribution of the DCP to the oxygen requirements of the photoreceptors as well as the outer retina in diabetic macular ischemia.
3 ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IS NOT RELATED TO SLEEP DISRUPTION IN SUBJECTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION.

Introduction Studies indicate a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension, particularly in subjects with resistant hypertension. We have previously reported that aldosterone excretion is related to severity of OSA in subjects with resistant hypertension leading us to hypothesize that intermittent hypoxemia associated with OSA stimulates aldosterone release. In the current study, we tested the alternative hypothesis that sleep disruption is related to aldosterone excretion in subjects with resistant hypertension. Methods Subjects referred to UAB for resistant hypertension were evaluated for urinary aldosterone (24-hour) and plasma aldosterone. Subjects were also evaluated by full-night polysomnography. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), hypoxic index (HI), and nonrespiratory arousal index were quantified and related to aldosterone excretion. Results A total of 74 subjects were evaluated. The subjects were on an average of 4.0 6 1.2 antihypertensive medications and the mean blood pressure was 156 6 27/89 6 14 mm Hg. The mean AHI was 25.8 6 25 events per hour. The AHI was correlated with urinary aldosterone (r = .55, p Conclusion These data demonstrate that the relation between aldosterone excretion and severity of OSA in subjects with resistant hypertension is not explained by sleep disruption, ie, nonrespiratory arousal index. These results support our original hypothesis that the intermittent hypoxemia associated with OSA is the stimulus of OSA-induced aldosterone excretion.
Strong Local Chiroptical Response in Racemic Patchy Silver Films: Enabling a Large-Area Chiroptical Device

Ag glancing angle depositions on polycrystalline colloid monolayers can produce a variety of chiral or achiral Ag nanostructures in different colloid monolayer domains, whose geometric shapes strongly depend on the monolayer orientations. The morphological and chiroptical properties of these Ag nanostructures in different colloid monolayer domains are investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and their relationship has been revealed. Extremely strong local circular dichroism is observed for the domains with obviously chiral morphologies. Under the guidance of this individual domain study, large-area chiral metamaterials can be fabricated on the monocrystalline monolayers with strong, uniform, and tunable chiroptical response, which can be potentially developed into optical devices.
Method for Image Matching Based on Gravitation Field Model

This paper introduces a new method for image matching based on gravitation field model.We can build gradient field of the mismatch cost function directly.As long as in convergence domain of the correct matching position,we find the steepest descent path according to the optimum estimation theory and then find the correct matching position.With the different gravitational field model,we get different convergence domain.The lower order model gets the larger convergence domain but the lower matching precision.The higher order model gets the higher matching precision but the smaller convergence domain.With the larger convergence domain,we can search more efficiently in image matching using the larger step size.The zero-order model is equivalent to the Hausdorff distance using Euclidean distance as the basic distance measure,but it is difficult to obtain the gravitational field.The nonzero order model gets the gravitational field of particle system easily using the linear superposition of single particle gravitational fields.The second order model is most suitable for searching,which has been evaluated via computer simulations.The form of the second order model is as same as the law of gravity.
To Be an Athenian

The unique profile and history of Athens spawned Pericles and provided him with the raw material and tools with which he constructed his career. While sharing many characteristics with their Greek contemporaries, the fifth-century Athenians possessed unusual traits and traditions that would ultimately play considerable roles in Athens’ rise to political and cultural hegemony. The Athenians’ heroic-age heritage was weak and suspect compared with the traditions of Thebes, Sparta, Argos, and even (by the classical age, relatively backward) Thessaly. The fame of the Athenians’ national hero Theseus rested largely on remedial feats that all too often mimicked those of the great Herakles, merely placed Athens on a more equal footing with other important Hellenic states, or transplanted classical Athenian accomplishments (especially democracy) to the heroic past. The Athenians’ claim to “autochthony” – the idea that they were Attica's original inhabitants, sprung from the very soil – perhaps bespeaks a recognition of their tenuous connection with the great Hellenic achievements and migrations of the late or just post-heroic age, including the return of the descendants of Herakles and the wanderings of the Ionian Greeks. Ultimately the Athenians would make much of their claim to have offered organization, protection, and respite to the Ionian Greeks (who were on their way to Asia Minor and the islands). Their putative role as metropolis (“mother city”) to these Hellenes came to figure prominently in tyrannic and democratic imperial propaganda. Yet the Ionian connection cut two ways, and the Athenians appear to have been acutely aware of the disadvantages the connection transmitted when it came to their mainland (and often Dorian) Greek neighbors. The latter saw the Ionian branch of the Greek people as weak, effeminate, and inured to luxury and slavery. Indeed, while inhabiting the largely Doric (and Aeolic) mainland, the Athenians had much in common with the Ionian islanders to their east. Athens’ external ambitions looked to the Aegean long before attempting major conquests on the mainland. The Athenians had already incorporated the nearby island of Salamis by the early sixth century, and not long after this they began a pursuit of interests in the northeastern Aegean and Hellespont that would not end until the age of Alexander.
Subverting Injurious Language: How Ilse Aichinger's Narratological Strategies Liberate the Protagonist of "Spiegelgeschichte"

This essay examines the narratological and rhetorical features of Ilse Aichinger’s story of a botched abortion, “Spiegelgeschichte,” in order to highlight the challenges associated with putting female, bodily trauma into language. By focusing its analysis on the text’s second-person narration and imperative statements it makes an argument about the degree to which the protagonist is liberated from the oppressive conditions that lead to her death. Through her act of reflective storytelling the protagonist divides herself into narrated and narrating selves in order to experience herself as both subject and object and to fight back against her entrapment in a temporal chain of cause and effect. Reaching the limits of this reflective language, however, she must eventually turn to defiant silence in order to (re)establish herself as a unified subject and escape the injurious language that surrounds her.
Nutrition for Brain Health and Cognitive Performance.

In this edited volume, Drs Best and Dye have compiled 13 essays arranged in four sections, namely, nutrition and brain health, methods for measuring brain function and cognition, contemporary devel...
Comparison of Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute standards in antimicrobial susceptibility among the carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Aim: Carbapenems are antibiotics reserved for treatment of severe infections. Carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles were determined in a population of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and their resistance assessed based on previous and current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Materials & methods: Isolates were examined using an automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, and real time polymerase chain reaction to detect the resistance (blaKPC) gene. Results: The prevalence of blaKPC gene was 45/54 (83.3%). Five isolates that were susceptible under the previous criteria changed to nonsusceptible with the current standards. The overall difference in susceptibility between the standards was 8%. Conclusion: This study shows that the current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria may not offer additional benefits in the fight against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Bioorthogonal Masking of Circulating Antibody-TCO Groups Using Tetrazine-Functionalized Dextran Polymers.

Pretargeting strategies have gained popularity for the in vivo imaging and therapy of cancer by combining antibodies with small molecule radioligands. In vivo recombination of both moieties can be achieved using the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) chemistry between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). An issue that arises with pretargeting strategies is that while part of the antibody dose accumulates at antigen-expressing tumor tissue, there is a significant portion of the injected antibody that remains in circulation, causing a reduction in target-to-background ratios. Herein, we report the development of a novel TCO scavenger, the masking agent DP–Tz. DP–Tz is based on Tz-modified dextran polymers (DP, MW = 0.5–2 MDa). Large dextran polymers were reported to exhibit low penetration of tumor vasculature and appeared nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and easily modifiable. Our newly developed masking agent deactivates the remaining TCO-moieties on the circulating mAbs yet does no...
Multiple, independent T cell lymphomas arising in an experimentally FIV-infected cat during the terminal stage of infection.

Our laboratory has serially reported on the virologic and immunopathologic features of a cohort of experimental feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats for more than eight years. At 8.09 years post infection (PI), one of these animals entered the terminal stage of infection, characterized by undulating hyperthermia, progressive anorexia, weight loss, and pancytopenia; the animal was not responsive to therapeutic interventions, necessitating euthanasia six weeks later (8.20 years PI). Subsequent analyses indicated that neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrated multiple cervical lymph nodes and a band-like region of the mucosal lamina propria within a segment of the intestine. Immunohistochemistry and T cell clonality testing determined that the nodal and intestinal lesions were independently arising from CD3 T cell lymphomas. In-situ RNA hybridization studies indicated that diffuse neoplastic lymphocytes from the cervical lymph node contained abundant viral nucleic acid, while viral nucleic acid was not detectable in lymphocytes from the intestinal lymphoma lesion. The proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) was amplified and sequenced from multiple anatomic sites, and a common clone containing a single nucleotide polymorphism was determined to be defective in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-mediated promoter activation in a reporter gene assay. This assay revealed a previously unidentified PMA response element within the FIV U3 region 3' to the TATA box. The possible implications of these results on FIV-lymphoma pathogenesis are discussed.
Serotonin and Aggression

Abstract Traditional clinical research on the neurobiology of aggressive behavior focuses on individuals who are characterized by their impulsive, hostile, antisocial and violent traits and who show some deficiency in brain serotonin (5-HT) activity relative to those who have a propensity to engage in premeditated, calculating and instrumental aggressive acts. Preclinical research has focused on territorial, dominant or maternal aggressive behavior patterns, chiefly for reproductive purposes. Recent efforts study individuals who engage in very high levels of aggressive behavior due to genetic selection, consumption of a moderate dose of alcohol, social instigation or pharmacological insults. The early proposal that lower CSF levels of 5-HT and/or 5-HIAA were associated with a greater propensity for violent outbursts (the ‘serotonin deficiency hypothesis’) has been challenged by the evidence implicating receptor subtypes of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 families, the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and metabolic enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), acting at different levels of the neuroaxis. In vivo techniques revealed a significant role of cortical 5-HT release during the termination of an aggressive confrontation and its consequences, rather than its initiation. Considerable clinical and preclinical evidence implicates 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A as targets for pharmacotherapeutic management of escalated aggressive behavior, which are accompanied to a varying extent by non-specific effects, whereas the genetic data for linking these receptors to specific types of aggression are less consistent. The prevalent anti-aggressive effects emerge with drugs targeting the 5-HTT, and the genetic data from human and non-human primates suggest the short allele 5-HTT polymorphism as a risk factor for violent traits, particularly in combination with environmental stress. Contrary to pharmacological inhibition of MAO, mutation of the MAOA gene in humans and mice suggests that chronically elevated 5-HT levels may promote escalated aggressive behavior, most prominently after early life maltreatment. Interactions between 5-HTT and MAOA polymorphisms suggest that complex epistatic interactions may ultimately reveal strong effects on aggressive phenotypes.
Intuition in soft decision analysis

The notions of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS's) play significant roles in case of some knowledge representation problems where mathematical complexity and practical inconvenience can be caused due to our inability to differentiate events exactly in real situations and thus to define instrumental notions in precise form. This paper discusses the notions of fuzzy sets, IFS's and describes that how these tools can be used for the explanation of uncertainty as well as for modelling intuitionistic behavioural patterns occurring in case of decision analysis and systems designing problems. ...
Degradation kinetics of DMP 777, an elastase inhibitor.

Purpose. The objective was to evaluate the degradation profile of the elastase inhibitor DMP 777 and lay the foundation for formulation development.
"Improving to where?": treatment-related health risks and perceptions of the future among adolescents and young adults after hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Despite the prevalence of hematological malignancies in early adulthood, very little is known about hematopoietic cell transplantation among adolescents and young adults, and even less is known about their transition from the completion of therapy to early survivorship. In this qualitative study, we investigated the impact of the cancer experience on sense of life potential and perception of the future from the perspectives of adolescents and young adults after hematopoietic cell transplantation. In-depth interviews were conducted with adolescents and young adults who underwent allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation between the ages of 15–29 years and were 6–60 months post-treatment. Interview transcripts were systematically coded based on constructivist grounded theory. Eighteen adolescents and young adults participated and described how they came to understand the lifelong, chronic nature of cancer survivorship. “Improving to where?” was a question raised in the post-treatment period that reflected participants’ confusion about the goals of treatment and expectations for survivorship. Participants reported bracing themselves for “something bad” to deal with the uncertainty of medical and psychosocial effects of treatment. They struggled to move forward with their lives given their substantial health risks and found it necessary to “roll with the punches” in order to adjust to this new reality. Adolescents and young adults who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation are at significant risk for long-term and late effects in survivorship. Age-appropriate interventions are needed to support these survivors as they manage their fears about the future while enhancing health and well-being.
Developing the Student Anchor Engagement Framework

Modern urban and metropolitan universities are increasingly obliged to recognize their role as anchor institutions. These same institutions of higher education (IHEs) also have a responsibility to educate students to be responsible and participatory citizens in society. An increasing number of IHEs recognize these distinct commitments as central to the public purpose of higher education. However, few intentionally involve students in anchor mission work. This misalignment denies students a rich opportunity for civic learning and democratic engagement. Furthermore, it prevents IHEs and their surrounding communities from realizing the benefits of harmonizing these two commitments. This mixed-methods research study resulted in the development of the Student Anchor Engagement Framework, a 36-item strategic framework designed to identify how IHEs can intentionally involve students in anchor strategy. The framework derives from The Democracy Collaborative’s Anchor Institution Community Benefit Dashboard. Expert participants ranked all items included in the framework as to their potential to influence student civic learning and democratic engagement. Implications of this research study include the potential for IHEs to consider, strategically, ways to align student civic learning with anchor institution practices for the advancement of both pursuits.
Food Architecture: Building Better Foods

Foods are extremely complicated built objects. There properties depend on the materials they are constructed from and how they are put together. This chapter presents the idea that foods can be designed and assembled using similar principles as architects employ to create buildings. The food architect uses building blocks, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, to create structures inside foods at the nano- and micro-scales that lead to the desirable look, feel, and taste of foods. The unique characteristics of the different building materials used to create foods and the forces holding them together are presented. Changing trends in architectural styles are related to those in food design, including the brutalist, modernist, and organic movements. One of the most exciting recent trends in food design has been the molecular gastronomy movement, which uses structural design principals similar to those used in modern architecture. The history and design of chocolate is used as an example of food architecture in practice. The future of 3D printing for creating unique foods in our homes is reviewed.