cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Population Dynamics of the Codling Moth, Laspeyresia pomonella , after Release from Insecticide Pressures

The population dynamics of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) from an abandoned apple orchard and a commercial orchard located in the Yakima Valley of Washington are compared. There was a greater catch of overwintering moths in the abandoned orchard than 1st brood moths, which is just opposite to the situation found in the commercial orchard. Also, approximately 75% of the 1st brood larvae in the abandoned orchard go into diapause, whereas approximately 10% of the 1st brood larvae in a commercial orchard diapause. The principal explanation for the difference in diapause structure between a commercial orchard and an abandoned orchard seems to be a limited food supply in the latter. Although Agathis nucicola (Muesebeck), Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael and Goniozus sp. were identified as larval parasites of the codling moth, they did not seem to be a very significant regulatory factor. On the other hand, the egg parasite, Trichogramma minutum Riley, parasitized at least 50% of the eggs deposited by the 1st brood moths. Lack of late season larval food and a high level of late season parasitism appear to explain the selection of a univoltine component when orchards are released from insecticidal pressures.
Progress in Applications Using Slow Light Technology

This talk outlines the DARPA Slow Light program. Fundamental application classes are mentioned, and the scientific motivation for each developed to indicate overall goals, prospects for technology development, and insertion into specific devices.
A Laboratory Infection Caused by a Bovine Strain of Bacillus Enteritidis

Cases of meat poisoning caused by Bacillus enteritidis (Gartner) or closely allied organisms are very rare in the United States. The rarity of such infections is surprising in the light of numerous observations showing that food-producing animals, as well as experimental animals, are not infrequently infected with these organisms. In recent years, for instance, paratyphoid organisms have been isolated from canary birds and horses, and B. enteritidis has been found present in guinea-pigs, rats, dogs (Torrey and Rahe1), and calves (Meyer, Traum, and Roadhouse2). All of these animals act, in various ways, as sources of infection for man, and in fact the history of meat-poisoning epidemics has shown that they coincide in a most remarkable manner with the consumption of meat from animals infected with septic diseases caused, for the most part, by bacteria which biologically are identical with those isolated from the gastro-intestinal canal of cases of meat poisoning in man. Workers have always been disappointed in not being able to demonstrate experimentally the pathogenicity for men of the animal strains of the paratyphoid-enteritidis group of bacteria, altho descriptions of a few human infections with mouse typhoid bacilli3 have supplied some valuable information concerning the pathogenesis of paratyphoid organisms. In the light of the many undecided questions which such infections present for consideration, it seems worth while to give a description of an interesting laboratory infection which took place during an investigation of the etiology of infectious diarrhea of calves. The Case
Verification of an active control system using temporal process algebra

In this paper we describe complementary approaches that can be used to ensure the reliability of real-time systems, such as those used in active structural control systems. These approaches include both model-checking and simulation, and are based on a temporal process algebra. We combine these formal methods with a high-level, graphical modeling technique, Modechart, to specify an active structural control system consisting of several processors. Timing requirements on the system are specified and verified with a combination of process algebraic models and modal logic, and various simulation concepts are described for debugging models and for gaining insight into system behavior.
A Difference in Metabolic Requirements of Meningococcus and Gonococcus.

SummaryA rapid and heavy growth of meningococcus developed on an agar medium containing tryptic digest of casein, dextrose and buffer at pH 7.4-7.6. However, this medium failed to support growth of the gonococcus. Addition to the medium of a small amount of cystine, however, stimulated growth of this organism. The growth of gonococcus on this casein digest medium, with cystine, was as heavy as that of meningococcus. The growth of meningococcus did not seem to be improved by this addition of cystine to the medium.
A Defense of Aesthetic Moralism

Hypothetically speaking, if a novel or a film presented the idea that 'murder and rape are morally virtuous acts', we may all wish to conclude that there is something untrue or at least, morally wrong with the film. However, should we take this moral wrongness into consideration when we evaluate the aesthetic value of the artwork? This is just to ask, in artworks, do ethical flaws imply, or amount to aesthetic flaws? Likewise, do ethical merits imply, or amount to aesthetic merits? In this paper I argue that the answer to both of these questions is yes. I do so by arguing that the very question implies moral realism; if moral realism is false, then we should not take ethical flaws / merits into consideration when evaluating artworks because their ARE no ethical flaws / merits. If moral realism is true, then the moral judgements made (or implied) by artworks are propositional content. The only way to evaluate propsositional content is through a notion of truth and falsity. Since certain artworks have moral judgments that are defining features of the artwork, and since those moral judgments are subject to truth and falsity constraints, it seems that we should count ethical flaws and merits to be aesthetic flaws and merits.
Angioinfarction Plus Nephrectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma — An Update

We treated 100 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma by angioinfarction of the primary tumor followed by radical nephrectomy. Of the patients 88 also received postoperative parenteral progesterones. We achieved an over-all response rate of 28 per cent (complete regression of all metastatic lesions in 7 patients, regression greater than 50 per cent in 8 and stabilization for at least 1 year in 13). Patients with parenchymal pulmonary metastases only have the best survival rate (64 per cent at 1 year) and are most likely to benefit from angioinfarction and nephrectomy. The presence of hilar or mediastinal adenopathy, pleural effusion or nonpulmonary metastases confers a worse prognosis. These patients do not appear to survive longer with preoperative angioinfarction than if treated by nephrectomy alone. Our data demonstrate that it is critically important to stratify patients by site and volume of disease when results are reported and compared for any patient undergoing treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Abstract 348: Urinary CYP Eicosanoid Excretion Correlates with Glomerular Filtration in African-Americans with Chronic Kidney Disease

Previous studies have indicated that cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites of arachidonic acid, ie, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in the regulation of renal tubular function and vascular tone. More recent studies suggest that variants in the CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 genes are linked to the development of hypertension in a variety of human population studies. However, little is known about the role of 20-HETE or EETs in the pathogenesis of hypertension or diabetic induced renal disease because CYP eicosanoids have not been measured in patients with CKD. The present study profiled HETEs and the dihydroxy metabolites of EETs (DHETs) levels, from spot urines at the time of their clinic visit using LC/MS/MS in 106 African-American patients from the University of Mississippi (UMC) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Clinic with various etiologies of renal disease. Informed consent was obtained for this UMMC IRB approved protocol. Significant positive correlations were found between urinary 5,6- DHETE, 8,9-DHETE, 11,12-DIHETE, 14,15-DHETE, 20-HETE and 19-, 15- and 8-HETE levels and estimated GFR (eGFR) as derived from the MDRD. The magnitude of the influence of urinary eicosanoid levels on eGFR was relatively profound since the slopes of these relationships indicated that there is a 5-10% decrement eGFR associated with each ng/ml fall in urinary eicosanoid levels. These results suggest that a decline in the renal formation of 20-HETE and/or EETs may contribute to the pathogenesis of CKD. At very least, urinary CYP eicosanoids may serve as a useful biomarker for progressive disease.
Abstract 3860: Magnetization transfer and T2-weighted MRI studies are useful for visualizing phenotypic presentations of orthotopic, patient-derived xenograft mouse models of glioblastoma

Introduction: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for glioblastoma (GBM) from resected tumor tissues replicate several features of the original tumor. They are considered to be representative models to study tumor progression, and to test responses to putative therapies. Longitudinal noninvasive imaging can be useful in such investigations. To that end, we employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize and measure tumor burden in four different PDX models of GBM. Experimental procedures: Four orthotopic mouse PDX models, HF2587, HF2927, HF3077 and HF3253, developed from neurosphere cultures of four different human glioblastoma samples were used in the study. The neurosphere cells were implanted into the right striatum in immunocompromised nude mice (n=5-8 per model) and allowed to grow for 2-8 weeks, depending on their known growth rates from previous studies. They were imaged in a Varian 7T MRI system with the following weightings: T2, T1, magnetization transfer (MT), and contrast enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) with Magnevist as the contrast agent (CA). Following imaging, all the mice were sacrificed and their brains processed for hematoxylin and eosin (HE 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3860. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3860
Rewriting History: Changing the Archived Web from the Present

The Internet Archive's Wayback Machine is the largest modern web archive, preserving web content since 1996. We discover and analyze several vulnerabilities in how the Wayback Machine archives data, and then leverage these vulnerabilities to create what are to our knowledge the first attacks against a user's view of the archived web. Our vulnerabilities are enabled by the unique interaction between the Wayback Machine's archives, other websites, and a user's browser, and attackers do not need to compromise the archives in order to compromise users' views of a stored page. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our attacks through proof-of-concept implementations. Then, we conduct a measurement study to quantify the prevalence of vulnerabilities in the archive. Finally, we explore defenses which might be deployed by archives, website publishers, and the users of archives, and present the prototype of a defense for clients of the Wayback Machine, ArchiveWatcher.
Multidimensionality of online trolling behaviors

ABSTRACTThis article bringings greater conceptual clarity to research on trolling, with a study that maps college students' perceptions of trolling behaviors and compares them to the media and scholarly interpretations. It identifies 4 behavioral types – serious trolling (not funny and ideologically motivated), humorous trolling, serious non-trolling behaviors, and humorous non-trolling – and 7 behavioral dimensions – meaningfulness, representativeness, pseudo-sincerity, intentionality, provocativeness, repetition, and satire. Employing Formal Concept Analysis it charts relationships between behavioral types and dimensions and develops a typology.
Functional outcomes following ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injections to reduce spastic equinovarus in adult post-stroke patients.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to identify the effect on spasticity and walking of US-guided botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections administered to improve equinovarus walking pattern commonly observed in patients after stroke. Material and method Twenty-three patients with post-stroke spastic equinovarus deformity were recruited. The US-guided BoNT-A injections were administered into the spastic muscles (including gastrocnemius; GK, soleus; S and tibialis posterior; TP) using a specific approach, and all of the patients were enrolled in rehabilitation programmes after the injections. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Brunnstrom stage of lower limb, Functional Ambulation Score (FAS), Preferred Gait Speed (PGS) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) were assessed at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after the BoNT-A injection. Results Significant decreases in the MAS scores of the lower limb muscle (GK, S and TP) tone were measured 4 and 12 weeks after the BoNT-A injection when compared to the baseline scores (p Conclusion Spastic equinovarus deformity observed in patients after stroke creates significant limitations in the patient's functional walking speed and distance. As a result, when BoNT-A injections accompanied by ultrasound to improve equinovarus deformity considering the innervation zones of the muscles with a specific approach are administered directly into the muscle at the correct point, we can say it provides hopeful results from a functional point of view.
Spatial strain measurements using a strain-sensing grid patterned from nanocomposite films

In recent years, interest has grown in the development of sensing skins for structural health monitoring (SHM) with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) used to image skin properties. The computational e ort associated with the inverse solver of EIT is very large and sometimes the final reconstructed strain map derived does not correspond to the true state of the system. To reduce the large computational effort associated with EIT reconstruction of large unpatterned thin films, this study fabricates a patterned spatial strain sensor made from single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposite films. The thin nanocomposite strain sensing films are fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate by using a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process. Rather than using a plain/unpatterned film as previously proposed in EIT-based approaches, a grid of piezoresistive nanocomposite strip elements are patterned. The 2D grid arrangement of the nanocomposite sensing elements is achieved using optical lithography. Metal electrodes are deployed at the boundary nodes by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and are connected to wires for controlled current injection and electric potential measurements. In order to infer the strain distribution of a structure using the patterned strain sensing skin, there is a need to have a robust inverse solver. Ohm's and Kircho's laws are used to derived the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map of the rectangular resistor network. The Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator is represented by a matrix which is a function of the resistance distribution. The inverse solution obtains the resistance of each grid element by updating the Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator to drive convergence between the boundary potential measurement taken of the film and those predicted by the forward solution. The inverse solver has been validated by simulations and experiments of a square resistor network of 3 by 3 (node by node) and 4 by 4 resistor grids. Preliminary results show that the proposed inverse solver is accurate for 2D strain measurement using the patterned strain sensing grid.
Assessing everyday life functional activity using actual reality in persons with MS.

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) can have dramatic effects on performance of everyday life activity. However, the ability to assess everyday functional activity remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to establish validity and reliability to a performance-based assessment of everyday life activities called actual reality (AR). AR involves utilization of the Internet to perform three actual everyday life activities: purchasing (a) an airline ticket, (b) cookies, and (c) pizza. Method A repeated measure design was used to examine 30 adults with MS who were recruited from a nonprofit rehabilitation research institution and 30 healthy controls (HC) living in the community. Participants were administered the 3 AR tasks twice, 3 weeks apart. Additionally, neuropsychological tests and self-report functional questionnaires were administered. Results This study supported moderate to large Interrater Reliability of the AR assessment. Additionally, the 3 AR tasks did not differ in the number of errors made, and number and quality of cues required to complete the AR tasks. Participants with MS committed more errors, and required significantly more cues to perform the 3 AR tasks successfully compared with HC, supporting discriminant validity of the AR. Concurrent validity was supported by moderate to large associations between AR performance and neuropsychological test scores. Practice effect was observed for cognitive processes and the time it took participants to perform the task. Conclusions Data support the use of actual, real-life, performance-based approach to measuring functional cognition outcomes. However, the observed practice effects for AR-cognitive capacity and AR-latency should be noted. (PsycINFO Database Record
THE INFLUENCE OF FRATERNITY OR SORORITY MEMBERSHIP ON STUDENTS' COLLEGE EXPERIENCES AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

In recent years, the role of fraternities and sororities on college campuses has come under increasing scrutiny. Results of the National Study of Student Learning (NSSL) indicate that membership in a Greek organization can have a negative effect on students' cognitive development, particularly during the first year of college. The present research sought to assess the generalizability of the NSSL findings to first-year students attending a research university in the Midwest. In contrast to the NSSL findings, results indicated that Greek students had higher levels of involvement and gains in general abilities than did non-Greek students. Moreover, Greeks' gains in cognitive development were the result of their social involvement. Implications for the Greek system, as well as implications for the study of college effects, are discussed.
THE ELEMENTARY THEORY

In this chapter we define the integral of a complex function on a path in the complex plane and develop the machinery to prove an elementary version of Cauchy's theorem. We then do some applications, including the basic properties of power series.
Thermodynamics of solid Sn and PbSn liquid mixtures using molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract We present a new set of modified embedded-atom method parameters for the Pb Sn system that describes many 0 K and high temperature properties including melting point, elastic constants, and enthalpy of mixing for solid and liquid Pb Sn alloys in agreement with experiments. Then, we calculate the phase diagram of the Sn-rich side of Pb Sn alloys utilizing a hybrid Molecular Dynamics/Monte Carlo simulation that agrees with experimental solidus and liquidus curves as well as stability of α-Sn and β-Sn. In addition, we present structure factors of Pb Sn liquid alloys as well as temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficients and heat capacity. Our simulations show that the ratios of the heights of the second and third peaks over the first peak for Pb Sn liquid mixtures are maximum at Pb-0.6Sn concentration.
The Act of Documenting: Documentary Film in the 21st Century

The Act of Documenting skillfully and critically interrogates the genre of documentary, including the impact of digitisation as well as the role of agency of the film subjects, the filmmakers and t...
Integrating patients’ anxiety sensitivity profile into one's case formulation and treatment planning

Abstract The overarching aim of this chapter is to provide clinicians strategies for incorporating clients’ anxiety sensitivity profile to enhance one's case formulation and treatment planning for individual's presenting with various anxiety-related complaints. We begin with a brief overview of case formulation from a clinical science perspective with particular emphasis on the distinction between etiological versus maintaining/exacerbating causes of anxiety pathology. A theoretical framework is presented that conceptualizes maintaining causes of anxiety pathology as an interaction between contextual and dispositional sensitivities. The remainder of the chapter presents specific anxiety sensitivity profiles with case examples and clinical assessment and intervention strategies for the practicing clinician.
Chapter 1 The role of volume regulation in intestinal transport: Insights from villus cells in suspension

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of volume regulation in intestinal transport from the insights of villus cells in suspension. Absorptive villus cells of the small intestine swell when they absorb Na + co- transported solutes, such as D -glucose and L -alanine. This villus cell swelling is followed by a volume recovery or regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which is because of the activation of K + and Cl – channels. The differences in the signaling of RVD in villus cells after swelling by three different experimental maneuvers are summarized in the chapter. A putative volume sensor is activated by the extent of the volume increase. The RVD occurring after swelling caused by Na + -solute absorption, however, requires several factors. The signal transduction is responsible for channel activation differs in the two models of cell swelling. The difference in RVD in these two models of cell swelling suggests that additional second messengers are generated to regulate volume decrease when Na + -solute transport occurs in an intact villus cell. Therefore, the mechanism of villus cell swelling and the extent of the volume increase are both determinants of signaling enterocyte volume regulation.
Use of N-lithiated ethyl anthranilates as 1,4-dipole equivalents in 1,4-dipolearyne cycloaddition: A novel approach to the synthesis of acridones

Abstract A new strategy for acridones based on 1,4-dipolar cycloaddition of N-lithiated ethyl anthranilates, which function as 1,4-dipole equivalents, with arynes is reported.
Selected Aspects of Wear Affecting Keyed Joints and Spline Connections During Operation of Aircrafts

The paper deals with selected deficiencies of spline connections, such as angular or parallel misalignment (eccentricity) and excessive play. It is emphasized how important these deficiencies are for smooth operation of the entire driving units. The aim of the study is to provide a kind of a reference list with such deficiencies with visual symptoms of wear, specification of mechanical measurements for mating surfaces, mathematical description of waveforms for dynamic variability of motion in such connections and visualizations of the connection behaviour acquired with the use of the FAM-C and FDM-A. Attention is paid to hazards to flight safety when excessively worn spline connections are operated for long periods of time.
Preemptive Treatment With Elbasvir and Grazoprevir for Hepatitis C-Viremic Donor to Uninfected Recipient Kidney Transplantation.

Introduction Long wait times for kidney transplants have prompted investigation into strategies to decrease the discarding of potentially viable organs. Recent reports suggest that kidneys from hepatitis C virus (HCV)−infected donors may be transplanted into HCV-naive donors followed by direct-acting antiviral therapy. Methods This was a pilot clinical trial to transplant kidneys from HCV-infected donors into HCV-naive recipients with preemptive use of elbasvir and grazoprevir for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after completion of therapy. Secondary outcomes were safety, quality of life, and early viral kinetics. Results A total of 33 patients were screened, and 8 underwent kidney transplantation from a HCV-viremic donors from August 2017 to March 2019. The median donor kidney donor profile index was 31% (range, 29%−65%), and patients who underwent transplantation waited a median of 6.5 months (range, 1−19 months). None had detectable HCV viremia beyond 2 weeks post-transplantation, and all achieved sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). There were no study-related severe adverse events. One patient experienced early graft loss due to venous thrombosis, whereas the remaining 7 patients had excellent allograft function at 6 months. Conclusion Preemptive elbasvir and grazoprevir eliminated HCV infection in HCV-naive patients who received a kidney transplant from an HCV-infected donor.
Business View: Towards a Digital Enabled Organization

The business outlook is written by the editor and considers the dimensions business expectations, potentials and benefits, technological developments, market trends, and developments of a digital workforce. The chapter has been structured on a timeline from present trends to short-, mid-, and long-term outlook, concluding in a Vision of a Digital Enabled Organization. The chapter aims to initiate thought processes, stir discussions, stimulate technical developments, and further enhance the power of Process Mining.
Chronic Hepatitis B and HIV Coinfection: a Continuing Challenge in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

The burden of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) remains disproportionately high among people living with HIV (PLWH) despite the advent of HBV vaccination and HBV-active antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review summarizes new insights and evolving issues in HIV-HBV coinfection. HBV-HIV coinfection is still a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related mortality more than a decade after the approval of tenofovir. While tenofovir-based ART has been shown to improve rates of HBV virologic suppression and halt fibrosis progression, the long-term benefits on the prevention of end-stage liver disease or HCC in HIV-HBV coinfection have yet to be convincingly demonstrated in PLWH. Missed opportunities for HBV vaccination persist despite evidence of ongoing risk for HBV infection in this population. Even as we work towards HBV elimination and functional cure, ongoing efforts should focus on optimizing risk stratification as well as uptake of HBV-active antiviral therapy and HBV immunization in this priority population.
Synergistic effects of natural products and commercial antibiotics—A mini–review 2010–2015

1 Abstract Context The ‘antimicrobial resistant era’ requires advances in the approaches and technologies to find new treatments. The enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of commercially available drugs (CADs) by natural products (NPs) has successful mixtures (e.g., clavulanic acid and amoxicillin). Objective To systematically review reports of synergistic effects of CADs and NPs against opportunistic microbial strains from 2010 to April 2016. Methods The databases and search engines PubMed, Medline, Scifinder, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scholar Google were systematically searched. Among the keywords utilized were: synergistic effects natural products and antibioitcs, botanicals and antibiotics bioassays, plant extracts interaction with antibioitics and antibiotic adjuvant bioassays. Only synergistic results were tabulated and analyzed according to CADs, NPs and strains. Results A set of 76 studies that reported in vitro synergistic effects of CADs and NPs against gram–positive or gram–negative bacteria or fungi opportunistic strains was found. From the 60 reports on antibacterial adjuvants, the most frequent designs involved beta–lactamics or aminoglycosides against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The assayed NPs encompassed extracts or fractions from 22 different species distributed worldwide (45% extracted with non–polar solvents) and 33 purified compounds (flavonoids, other polyphenols and alkaloids). Conclusions NPs as potential drug hits for antimicrobial adjuvants had been found and should continue in the drug discovery pipeline. The field certainly would benefit of advances in purification technologies, especially for polar extracts and bioassay platforms.
Soil microbiomes mediate degradation of vinyl ester-based polymer composites

Polymer composites are attractive for structural applications in the built environment due to their lightweight and high strength properties but suffer from degradation due to environmental factors. While abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet light are well studied, little is known about the impacts of naturally occurring microbial communities on their structural integrity. Here we apply complementary time-series multi-omics of biofilms growing on polymer composites and materials characterization to elucidate the processes driving their degradation. We measured a reduction in mechanical properties due to biologically driven molecular chain breakage of esters and reconstructed 121 microbial genomes to describe microbial diversity and pathways associated with polymer composite degradation. The polymer composite microbiome is dominated by four bacterial groups including the Candidate Phyla Radiation that possess pathways for breakdown of acrylate, esters, and bisphenol, abundant in composites. We provide a foundation for understanding interactions of next-generation structural materials with their natural environment that can predict their durability and drive future designs. The effect of microbial communities on the degradation of polymer composites has not been widely studied. Here, a multi-omics and materials characterization approach reveals the time-dependent effect of naturally occurring microbes on the degradation of vinyl ester composites.
Predicting Osteopathic Medical Students' Performance on the United States Medical Licensing Examination From Results of the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination.

Introduction The reliance on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores in residency selection creates problems for osteopathic medical students and the programs that review their applications. Although many osteopathic students take the USMLE to improve their standing for residency selection, students who score poorly may harm their candidacy. Simultaneously, programs unfamiliar with the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA) may struggle to evaluate applicants who have not taken USMLE. Objective To determine the association between COMLEX-USA Level 1 and USMLE Step 1 scores and derive an equation that could be used to predict USMLE performance or approximate USMLE scores for applicants who have only taken COMLEX-USA. Methods We reviewed COMLEX-USA Level 1 and USMLE Step 1 scores for all students at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), Bradenton campus, from January 2012 until December 2016. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between COMLEX-USA Level 1 and USMLE Step 1 scores. Results Overall, 2097 students took both examinations during the study period. Every one-point increase in COMLEX-USA was associated with a 0.15 point increase in USMLE Step 1 score (standard error 11.5; model R2 0.56). On average, students scored 30 percentile points lower on USMLE Step 1 than on COMLEX-USA, and 24% of students scoring <500 on COMLEX-USA Level 1 failed USMLE Step 1. Conclusions Students or programs interested in predicting performance on USMLE Step 1 from performance on COMLEX-USA Level 1 can do so with the following equation: USMLE Step 1 = 0.15 (COMLEX-USA Level 1) + 138.7.
Infection Prevention Considerations for a Multi-Mission Convention Center Field Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The state of Maryland identified its first case of COVID-19 on March 5, 2020. The Baltimore Convention Center (BCCFH) quickly became a selected location to set up a 250-bed inpatient Field Hospital and Alternate Care Site. In contrast to other field hospitals throughout the United States, the BCCFH remained open throughout the pandemic and took on additional COVID-19 missions, including community SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing, monoclonal antibody infusions for COVID-19 outpatients, and community COVID-19 vaccinations. At the time of publication, the BCCFH had cared for 1,478 COVID-19 inpatients, performed 108,155 COVID-19 tests, infused 2,166 COVID-19 patients, and administered 115,169 doses of COVID-19 vaccine.To prevent the spread of pathogens during operations, infection prevention and control guidelines were essential to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Through multi-agency collaboration, utilization of infection prevention best practices, and answering what we describe as "PPE-ESP", an operational framework was established to reduce infection risks for those providing or receiving care at the BCCFH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 14-3-3 Proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 Are Key Regulators of Meiotic Commitment

Induction of meiosis requires exogenous signals that activate internal gene regulatory networks. Meiotic commitment ensures the irreversible continuation of meiosis, even upon withdrawal of the meiosis inducing signals. Budding yeast cells have a unique property in that cells enter meiosis when starved, but if given nutrient-rich medium prior to the commitment point, they exit meiosis and enter mitosis. After the meiotic commitment point in prometaphase I, cells remain in meiosis even with addition of nutrients. Despite the importance of meiotic commitment in ensuring the production of gametes, only a few genes involved in the commitment process are known. We performed a genome-scale screen in budding yeast and discovered new regulators of meiotic commitment including Bcy1, which is involved in nutrient sensing, the meiosis-specific kinase Ime2, Polo kinase Cdc5, and the 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2. Importantly, we found that Bmh1 and Bmh2 are involved in multiple processes throughout meiosis including the maintenance of the middle meiosis transcription factor Ndt80, activation of Cdc5, and interaction with an RNA-binding protein Pes4, which is important for regulating the timing of translation of several mRNAs in meiosis II. This study identifies a meiotic commitment regulatory network with the 14-3-3 proteins functioning as central regulators.
Reduced Dose BCG in an Era of BCG Shortage: Real-World Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Centre.

Objective The global bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) shortage has prompted the use of alternative treatment strategies for patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). One such strategy is split-vial dosing which allows several patients to be treated from a single vial of BCG. We evaluated the impact of one-third dose BCG on oncological outcomes in a large cohort of patients with NMIBC treated with adequate BCG in a real-world setting. Patients and methods We performed an institutional review board-approved review of patients with NMIBC treated with adequate BCG at our institution between 2000 and 2020. Patients were stratified according to whether they had received one-third dose (1/3D) BCG or full dose (FD) BCG. Time to recurrence, time to progression and cancer-specific survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Of 563 patients with NMIBC treated with adequate BCG, 150 (26.6%) received 1/3D and 413 (73.4%) received FD. The use of 1/3D BCG did not adversely affect time to recurrence (p=0.449) or time to progression (p=0.716), and this remained consistent when patients were stratified by individual 2021 EAU prognostic factor risk groups. Cancer-specific survival was similar between patients receiving 1/3D and FD BCG (p=0.320). Conclusion The use of 1/3D BCG was not associated with adverse oncological outcomes in a large cohort of patients receiving adequate BCG for intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC. Based on this real-world experience, risk-stratified split-vial dosing may represent a valuable approach for other institutions facing BCG shortages whilst also providing reassurance to patients who may be concerned about suboptimal outcomes.
Factors Influencing Student Resistance to Computer Administered Testing

AbstractStudents at a nationwide distance-learning institution were surveyed concerning their attitudes about computer administered testing and about their past computer experience. Respondents were preclassified as computer test takers, paper-and-pencil test takers, or takers of both types of tests, based upon self-selected test-taking habits. Discriminant analysis indicated that (a) variables related to computer experience were not related to preferred mode of testing, (b) attitudes and beliefs about computerized testing were significantly related to preferred mode of testing, and (c) items measuring extrinsic benefits associated with computerized testing accounted for the greatest portion of explained variance among groups. An alternative to the “computer anxiety” construct is suggested: The extent to which computer experience and computer anxiety influence one’s willingness to use a computer may depend upon the task to be accomplished with the computer. Accordingly, it may become necessary to address ...
The Economic Analysis of Public Policy

1. The Meaning of Policy Analysis 2. Ethics for Policy Analysts 3. A Review of Markets and Microeconomics 4. Efficiency Loss from Imperfect Markets 5. Government Intervention, Potential and Problems 6. Benefit-Cost Analysis 7. Net Benefits Over Time: Present Value 8. Choosing a Discount Rate 9. Risk, Uncertainty and Decision Analysis 10. The Value of Life and Other Non-Marketed Goods 11. Economic Impact Analysis: Macroeconomics in a Micro World 12. Controlling Externalities, Air Pollution and Urban Transportation 13. Poverty and U.S. Income Maintenance Programs 14. Policies for the Working Poor
Common Law Constitutional Interpretation: A Critique

Advocates for some form of original understanding as the proper means for interpreting the Constitution managed to set the terms of the interpretive debate for nearly the last three decades. In part, their success is due to the perception that “it takes a theory to beat a theory.” Indeed many liberal legal scholars, Jack Balkin most recently, have simply decided to beat originalists at their own game by invoking history to justify Supreme Court decisions thought to be beyond redemption as a matter of original understanding. Paraphrasing Jefferson, then, are we all originalists now? David Strauss, for one, answers with a resounding No! Since the 1996 publication of his article, Common Law Constitutional Interpretation, Strauss has labored to create an constitutional interpretation emulating the common law method (hereinafter “common law constitutional interpretation” or “CLCI”) that Strauss argues is superior to originalism, both normatively and as a description of what the Court, in fact, does in most cases. His latest work, The Living Constitution, synthesizes his writings and provides, with admirable brevity, an interpretive alternative to originalism. After Strauss, no one can say that originalism’s opponents lack a theory. The question rather is whether CLCI “beats” originalism by compensating for the latter’s shortcomings without proving to have theoretical shortcomings itself. As I argue here, I think that Strauss’s case falls short. He devotes little space to explaining what, exactly, CLCI is and how it should be applied by courts. Strauss then contrasts CLCI with a caricatured originalism that bears little resemblance to the sophisticated theories of original understanding propounded by scholars today. Specifically, I question some of the assumptions underlying CLCI, note the absence of any definition of the “common law method,” and argue that his objections to originalism are not particularly persuasive. Ultimately, I conclude that we do not have enough information about CLCI to determine whether it is, in fact, superior to theories of original understanding (as opposed to the straw-man version of originalism Strauss offers) in most cases.
Northern North Atlantic sea surface height and ocean heat content variability

The evolution of nearly 20 years of altimetric sea surface height (SSH) is investigated to understand its association with decadal to multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic heat content. Altimetric SSH is dominated by an increase of about 14 cm in the Labrador and Irminger seas from 1993 to 2011, while the opposite has occurred over the Gulf Stream region over the same time period. During the altimeter period the observed 0-700 m ocean heat content (OHC) in the subpolar gyre mirrors the increased SSH by its dominantly positive trend. Over a longer period, 1955-2011, fluctuations in the subpolar OHC reflect Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) and can be attributed to advection driven by the wind stress ''gyre mode'' bringing more subtropical waters into the subpolar gyre. The extended subpolar warming evident in SSH and OHC during the altimeter period represents transition of the AMV from cold to warm phase. In addition to the dominant trend, the first empirical orthogonal function SSH time series shows an abrupt change 2009-2010 reaching a new minimum in 2010. The change coincides with the change in the meridional overturning circulation at 26.5N as observed by the RAPID (Rapid Climate Change) project, and with extreme behavior of the wind stress gyre mode and of atmospheric blocking. While the general relationship between northern warming and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) volume transport remains undetermined, the meridional heat and salt transport carried by AMOC's arteries are rich with decade-to-century timescale variability.
Mentoring college-age women: a relational approach.

Despite the popularity of mentoring programs, the relational dimension of mentoring has not been elucidated. Traditional conceptions of mentoring may exclude factors that are particularly important for women and girls, thus limiting the efficacy of mentoring programs for female adolescents. We suggest that the presence of relational qualities in the mentoring relationship (e.g., empathy, engagement, authenticity, and empowerment) strongly influences the success of mentoring in the lives of young women. In this study, we use a promising new measure of mentoring, the Relational Health Index – Mentor, to explore the impact of relational aspects of mentoring in female college students. We found that mentoring relationships high in relational qualities were associated with higher self-esteem and less loneliness.
Polyarteritis nodosa of the coronary arteries; report of a case in an infant with rupture of an aneurysm and intrapericardial hemorrhage.

Abstract A case of polyarteritis nodosa in a white female infant 9 months old is reported. The process was confined to the coronary arteries and was complicated by rupture of an aneurysm with subsequent intrapericardial hemorrhage. Five similar previously reported cases are summarized. The observations of various investigators pertaining to the role of hypersensitivity to foreign protein, and to the role of sulfonamides and other chemicals which ordinarily are nonantigenic are discussed. The nonbacterial nature of primary arteritis is mentioned. Attention is called to the older hypothesis of virus as an etiological agent. It is not possible in this instance to state what the specific exciting factor was in the production of polyarteritis nodosa.
Systematic analysis of K-feldspar step heating results: I. Significance of activation energy determinations

To better understand the argon retention properties of basement K-feldspars, 40Ar39Ar step-heating results for 115 specimens representing a wide range of temperature-time evolution from a diverse array of geologic environments have been systematically evaluated. In carrying out the measurements, we instituted nonconventional analysis routines including: (1) duplicate isothermal steps; (2) multiple isothermal steps at 1100°C to extract as much gas as possible prior to melting; and (3) temperature cycling. To maintain a self-consistent approach, we systematically applied a weighted least square regression to determine the activation energies (E) and log(D0/r02) values. Activation energies were found to define a normal distribution (46 ± 6 kcal/mol) spanning over 30 kcal/mol. Corresponding log(D0/r02) values (5 ± 3 s−1) were highly correlated with E, yielding a slope that reproduces the previously documented feldspar compensation relationship. Numerical analysis of this correlation permits us to rule out large systematic laboratory errors in our data. In applying the multiple diffusion domain (MDD) model, we observed general tendencies in the domain distribution of basement K-feldspars. For the majority of samples, most 39Ar resides in the larger domains. The smallest domains generally constitute <5% volume fraction of the sample and tend to plot ∼2 orders of magnitude above log (D0/r 02) Alternatively, the largest domains constrained by 39Ar released below melting have log(D/r2) values that are typically ∼3 orders of magnitude smaller than log(D0/r02). Systematic analysis of the database demonstrates that the diffusion behavior predicted by the MDD model prevails for virtually all samples. However, two kinds of anomalous degassing behavior were observed. The first appears to be due to our inability to isolate effects resulting from distributions characterized by very small domains while the second may result from inhomogeneous K-distributions. Although these phenomena are capable of producing a wide range of calculated diffusion parameters, close inspection reveals that important systematics of the K-feldspar results cannot be accounted for these factors and remain best explained by real intrasample differences in diffusion properties. Finally, while uncertainties in E determined from 40Ar39Ar step-heating experiments can produce significant dispersion in calculated temperatures (∼10°C/kcal/mol), the overall form of the cooling history, usually the most important result for tectonic applications, is preserved.
Withdrawal effect of chronic amphetamine exposure during adolescence on complex maze performance

National survey data suggest a steady increase in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in children, particularly Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As nearly all children diagnosed with ADHD are prescribed stimulant drugs, rationale exists to quantitatively characterize behavioral responses following withdrawal from chronic stimulant dosing. These rodent experiments involved chronic administration of 7.5 mg/kg, s.c. amphetamine to subjects throughout adolescence followed by cognitive tests to gauge learning and performance during the withdrawal stage 7 to 14 days past withdrawal. Tests used a complex Stone 14-unit multiple T-maze, which is a robust paradigm for demonstrating age-related differences in rodent models when behavioral cognitive endpoints are used. Results reveal that amphetamine-treated subjects committed fewer major and retracing errors with increased minor errors and a significantly lower mean completion time. These findings suggest that pharmacotherapy aimed at adolescent-phase treatment of ADHD does not provoke spatial memory deficits at times proximal to drug withdrawal and lends support to amphetamine use in the treatment of ADHD children.
Computation of modulation spectra for the speech transmission index using real speech

While it has been suggested that the speech transmission index (STI) for on environment may be calculated using speech rather than test signals, computational artifacts distort the speech analyses whereas they have minimal impact on analyses with test signals. This report documents some of the difficulties encountered when using speech as the probe stimulus and proposes modifications in STI computations to circumvent some of the problems. >
Every connected, locally connected nontrivial graph with no induced claw is hamiltonian

A graph is locally connected if every neighborthood induces a connected subgraph. We show here that every connected, locally connected graph on p ≥ 3 vertices and having no induced K1,3 is Hamiltonian. Several sufficient conditions for a line graph to be Hamiltonian are obtained as corollaries.