cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive neuroscience of aging: Contributions of functional neuroimaging

By revealing how brain activity during cognitive performance changes as a function of aging, studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are contributing to the development of a new discipline of Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging. This article reviews functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging in the domains of visual perception, episodic memory encoding and semantic memory retrieval, episodic memory retrieval, implicit memory, and working memory. The most consistent finding of these studies was that brain activity tends to be less lateralized in older adults than in younger adults. This finding is conceptualized in terms of a model called Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Old Adults (HAROLD). According to a compensation hypothesis, bihemispheric involvement could help counteract age-related neurocognitive decline, whereas, according to a dedifferentiation hypothesis, it reflects a difficulty in recruiting specialized neural mechanisms.
Physiology of Atrioventricular Transmission

This paper describes records of the transmembrane action potential of fibers from different parts of the specialized conducting system and electrograms recorded directly from these fibers in situ. On the basis of these records it is possible to describe certain physiologic mechanisms for conduction delay, block, and supernormal conduction. In general, impaired conduction is associated with a reduced level of membrane potential. This may be caused by incomplete repolarization or partial depolarization. In the normal conducting system, local differences in, action-potential duration and local pacemaker activity most frequently are the cause of a low membrane potential. In disease states, on the other hand, many other factors may be operative. At the atrial margin of the atrioventricular (A-V) node, local anatomic and electrophysiologic properties of the fibers normally cause a very low conduction velocity. The safety factors for conduction here appear to be quite low, and delayed transmission or block often does not result from refractoriness or partial depolarization of nodal fibers. Supernormal conduction, at least in Purkinje fibers, seems to result from the high level of membrane potential reached at the end of repolarization. Whether other factors are responsible for supernormality within the A-V node remains to be seen.
Continuous wavelength tuning of 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in fiber Fabry-Perot cavity

Summary form only given. We explore the possibility of wavelength tuning by incorporating VCSELs in fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) cavities. VCSELs can support robust single longitudinal-mode operation due to wide longitudinal mode spacing of >40,000 GHz, which would allow continuous wavelength tuning without mode hopping by directly changing the cavity length.
Sensitivity of January Climate Response to the Magnitude and Position of Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Abstract We present here the results of two categories of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly experiments using the NCAR Community Climate Model in the perpetual-January mode. Each experiment consists of an ensemble of eight independent realizations of 90 days duration. Anomaly fields are derived by subtracting the ensemble-average fields in the control experiment from the ensemble-average fields in an experiment with an SST anomaly present. In the first category of experiments (1W, 2W, 3W) we examine the response in the tropics and midlatitudes to a change in the amplitude of an SST anomaly of fixed shape and position. This SST anomaly produces an equatorial Pacific precipitation anomaly just east of the dateline. We show that the most significant feature of the midiatitude response is a feature resembling the teleconnection pattern known as the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern. The amplitude of this response becomes insensitive to an increase in the tropical precipitation anomal...
Active multi-view object recognition

Many robots are limited in their operating capabilities, both computational and energy-wise. A strong desire exists to keep computation cost and energy consumption to a minimum when executing tasks like object recognition with a mobile robot. Adaptive action selection is a paradigm, offering great flexibility in trading off the cost of acquiring information against making robust and reliable inference under uncertainty. In this paper, we study active multi-view object recognition and describe an information-theoretic framework that combines and unifies two common techniques: online feature selection for reducing computational costs and view planning for resolving ambiguities and occlusions. Our algorithm adaptively chooses between the two strategies of either selecting only the features that are most informative to the recognition, or moving to a new viewpoint that optimally reduces the expected uncertainty on the identity of the object. This two step process allows us to keep overall computation cost minimal but simultaneously increase recognition accuracy. Extensive empirical studies on a large RGB-D dataset, and with two different feature sets, have validated the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Our experiments show that dynamic feature selection alone reduces the computation time at runtime 2.5-6 times and, when combining it with viewpoint selection, we significantly increase the recognition accuracy on average by 8%-18% absolute compared to systems that do not use these two strategies. By establishing a link between active object recognition and change detection, we were further able to use our framework for the follow-up task of actively detecting object change. Furthermore, we have successfully demonstrated the framework's applicability to a low-powered quadcopter platform with limited operating time. A unified approach to feature and viewpoint selection for multi-view object recognition is proposed.Online feature selection reduces the dimensionality and with that the computation time.View planning offers performance advantages whenever multiple views are required due to ambiguous situations or occlusions.Increased recognition accuracy and reduced computation cost are realized by an information-theoretic action selection framework.
Suicide: Some Epistemological Considerations

A major concern of Roderick Chisholm’s philosophical writings has been the problem of the criterion.1 The puzzle is as follows: there seem to be two basic epistemological questions, namely, (A) What do we know? and (B) How are we to decide whether we know?, or What are the criteria of knowledge? Traditionally, three philosophical stances can be assumed toward these queries. The Sceptic argues that the answers to either (A) or (B) are mutually reciprocal, so that given this interdependency, we can have no knowledge. The Methodist, traditionally an empiricist, opts for (B) as the means to finally solve (A). But Chisholm (I believe correctly) argues for the Particularist position, maintaining that we first answer (A) and then establish an answer to (B).
Strengthening SIMON Implementation Against Intelligent Fault Attacks

Driven by malicious intent, attackers are impelled to extract the cipher key and thus compromise the cryptosystem through fault attacks. Existing fault-detection methods can effectively detect random faults in the cipher implementation, but yield a high fault bypass rate (FBR) under intelligent fault attacks. To address this limitation, we propose a new microarchitecture to thwart fault attacks that place mathematically symmetric faults on the two encryption data paths. To further reduce the FBR for a new lightweight cipher SIMON, we propose a new countermeasure that integrates operand permutation and masking techniques. Closed-form expressions for depermutation and demasking in SIMON are provided in this letter. Our method was assessed under two fault attack scenarios (random and symmetric fault injections) with bit-flip, stuck-at-0, and stuck-at-1 fault models. Simulation results show that our method minimizes the FBR to zero with the fault attack scenarios of symmetric fault location and stuck-at-0 fault injections. Overall, the proposed method outperforms the existing fault-detection methods in multiple fault attack conditions, at the cost of 5% more area overhead than the most hardware-efficient fault detection method.
Decay of K 42 and Sc 44

The low excited states of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{42}$ and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{44}$ have been studied in the decay of ${\mathrm{K}}^{42}$ and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44}$, with special emphasis on the observation of weakly populated states. In the ${\mathrm{K}}^{42}$ decay, gamma rays have been seen at 0.31 Mev (1.1%), 0.49 Mev (0.1%), 0.60 Mev (0.1%), 0.90 Mev (0.1%), 1.02 Mev (0.1%), 1.52 Mev (100%), 1.92 Mev (0.3%), and 2.42 Mev (0.2%). The coincidence sequence of the transitions has been measured and a level scheme constructed. In the ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44}$ decay, gamma rays have been seen with energies and intensities of 0.68 Mev (3.2%), 1.02 Mev (3.1%), 1.12 Mev (4.7%), 1.16 Mev (100%), 1.50 Mev (1.7%), 1.72 Mev (0.8%), 2.28 Mev (0.2%), and 2.69 Mev (0.2%). Coincidence measurements were also taken for this isotope to clarify the cascade sequences, and a level scheme was constructed. A search was made for low-energy conversion electrons ($E1$ Mev) in an effort to establish the existence or nonexistence of a low-lying ${0}^{+}$ state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{44}$, whose analog occurs as the second excited 1.84-Mev state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{42}$. No such conversion electrons were seen, by either electron spectrometer studies or by electron-delayed gamma-ray coincidence measurements. An upper limit of 0.05% of the total decay of ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44}$ was put on the population of such a state.
Ten-Atom Silver Cluster Signaling and Tempering DNA Hybridization

Silver clusters with ∼10 atoms are molecules, and specific species develop within DNA strands. These molecular metals have sparsely organized electronic states with distinctive visible and near-infrared spectra that vary with cluster size, oxidation, and shape. These small molecules also act as DNA adducts and coordinate with their DNA hosts. We investigated these characteristics using a specific cluster-DNA conjugate with the goal of developing a sensitive and selective biosensor. The silver cluster has a single violet absorption band (λmax = 400 nm), and its single-stranded DNA host has two domains that stabilize this cluster and hybridize with target oligonucleotides. These target analytes transform the weakly emissive violet cluster to a new chromophore with blue-green absorption (λmax = 490 nm) and strong green emission (λmax = 550 nm). Our studies consider the synthesis, cluster size, and DNA structure of the precursor violet cluster-DNA complex. This species preferentially forms with relatively low...
Regional Blocks for Postoperative Pain Control

Children often experience significant postoperative pain and effective analgesia is necessary for optimal recovery. By simultaneously improving analgesia and reducing side effects from opioid use, a multimodal approach that includes ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) is a better therapeutic regimen than the standard of care. In addition, PNBs, a form of regional analgesia, improves quality of care, increases satisfaction and saves health care costs. Furthermore, ultrasound technology improves accuracy and efficacy, decreases the amount of local anesthetic, and offers additional safety benefits. This chapter covers ultrasound guided single injections PNBs for thoracic and abdominal surgeries.
Greenfield's Neuropathology, Ninth Edition: 2-Volume Set

Greenfield's Neuropathology, Ninth Edition: 2-Volume SetSeth Love, Herbert Budka, James Ironside, Arie Perry, Editors CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, 2015 1961 pages; book + e-book, $695.00 A new edition of Greenfield's marks a milestone in the life of a neuropathologist. The ninth edition is a complete and up-to-date (with citations to 2014) compendium of our ever-advancing and increasingly complex discipline. Having at hand a source that encompasses the entire field is essential for practicing neuropathologists and for teachers and students of the biology of neurologic diseases. The field has progressed significantly in all aspects since the eighth edition of 2008, particularly with respect …
Workable Gears, Archimedian Solids and Planar Bipartite Graphs

1. lNTRODUCTlON. My young daughters have a popular children's game which involves setting up a system of interlocking gears. Each of the plastic gears can be fastened to a plastic board in a variety of places. The gears come in three sizes and can be adorned with colorful plastic animals and other decorations. This toy can hold their attention for a long time (where 'long time' is defined as longer than five minutes). We will call an arrangement of the gears (which consists of a finite number of gears, some pairs of which interlock and some which don't) workable if whenever any one gear is turned, all the gears turn freely. Children usually discover that it is quite easy to construct an unworkable arrangement of the gears.
Degrees of Freedom Region of the MIMO Z-Interference Channel With Mixed CSIT

The degrees of freedom (DoF) region is established for the two-user multiple-input multiple-output Z-interference channel (IC) under the assumption of mixed channel state information at transmitters (CSIT), in which each transmitter obtains accurate delayed CSIT as well as an imperfect estimate of the current channel state, with the quality of the estimate determined by a parameter, $\alpha $ . A block-Markov achievability scheme is designed that uses transmit beamforming, interference quantization, and multicasting along with backward decoding, and is shown to be DoF optimal. When applied to a two-user IC with mixed CSIT and one cross-link statistically weaker than the rest, this scheme can not only improve over the DoF region otherwise achievable by using the DoF-optimal scheme for the IC (which treats all links as comparable in strength) but also dispenses with the requirement of obtaining delayed feedback or current channel estimate for the weaker link.
Establishment and evaluation of micro gelatin particle agglutination test for detection of HIV-1 antibodies in dry blood spots

Objective To set up micro gelatin particle agglutination test for detection of HIV-1 antibodies in dry blood spots,evaluate its sensitivity and specificity. Methods The 106 whole blood samples was achieved and made of dried blood spots and serum samples. The suitable antigen gelatin granules dilution times was detected,and the micro gelatin particle agglutination test for detection of HIV- 1 antibodies in dry blood spots was compared with the serum HIV-1 antibodies by ELISA. Results The results of micro gelatin particle agglutination test detecting HIV- 1 antibodies in dry blood spots is consistent with the results of ELISA to detect HIV-1 antibodies in serum. Conclusion Micro gelatin particle agglutination test for detection of HIV-1 antibodies in dry blood spots have high reliability,easy operation and low cost,which provide a good laboratory methods for a large-scale HIV epidemiological survey.
Curative Effect of Desmopressin Acetate Combined with Bladder Training Therapy on Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

Objective To observe the curative effect and recurrence rate of desmopressin acetate(DDAVP) combined with bladder training therapy on primary nocturnal enuresis(PNE) in chlidren.Methods One hundred children with PNE were randomly divided into control group and observation group(50 cases in each group).Children in control group were treated with simple DDAVP,and patients in observation group were treated with bladder training while DDAVP was using.The course of treatment were 3 months.The therapeutic effect between the 2 groups when the treatment was finished was compared and then followed up all the cases for 3 months to compare the near-term and long-term recurrence rate between the 2 groups.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The total effective rate in control group was 72.9%,and the near-term recurrence rate and the long-term recurrence rate were 22.9% and 54.3%,respectively.The total effective rate in observation group was 91.3%,and the near-term recurrence rate and the long-term recurrence rate were 11.9% and 28.6%,respectively.The total effective rate was significantly higher in observation group than that in control group(Z=-1.972,P=0.049).The near-term recurrence rate in 2 groups had no significant difference(χ2=1.632,P=0.201).The long-term recurrence rate was extremely lower in observation group than that in control group(χ2=5.249,P=0.022).Conclusions There is significant curative effect that DDAVP combined with bladder training therapy on PNE in children,and it can lower the long-term recurrence rate.
Is There a Trade-off? Infant Health Outcomes and Managed Care Competition

OF DISSERTATION IS THERE A TRADE-OFF? INFANT HEALTH OUTCOMES AND MANAGED CARE COMPETITION This study offers insights into the impact of competition among Managed Care organizations (MCOs) on infant birthing charges and birth outcomes. Kentucky provides one of the nation’s first case studies to determine successes and failures of Medicaid MCOs, and by doing so, provides a prediction of the impact of Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (PPACA) competition on healthcare costs and birth outcomes. An analysis of a natural policy experiment in the state of Kentucky reveals that infants insured by a Medicaid MCO stay longer in hospitals, are less healthy, and cost more than those insured under Traditional Medicaid prior to a policy change. Utilizing a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) estimation, this study found initial evidence in a competitive MCO environment of Traditional Medicaid average birth charges substantially more than births under a Medicaid MCO, while outcomes also revealed the incidence of normal delivery increased almost identical to that of private insurance. However, after a short time, average birth charges for infants born under Medicaid MCO climb higher than other payer-types and infant health begins to decline. Outcomes of this study signal that Managed Care infants are actually less healthy and cost substantially more than anticipated but it is possible that these outcomes can be attributed to insurance selection.
Some Mathematical Techniques for Linear Differential Equations

This chapter discusses some mathematical techniques for linear differential equations. A linear, ordinary, differential equation with constant coefficients can be written in derivative notation. The chapter presents a series of steps toward the solution of such an equation. It also discusses the unknown constants of the transient part by requiring the complete solution to satisfy the specified initial conditions. If the system being analyzed is represented by simultaneous differential equations in more than one variable corresponding to multiple degrees of freedom, the several equations are, in effect, reduced to a single one. This reduction can be performed by successive substitutions or by use of matrices and determinants. The method of determinants is especially useful for systems having three degrees of freedom, as the 3 × 3 determinants are readily expanded yet save considerable algebra. The Laplace transform may be used to solve differential equations with considerable savings of algebraic manipulation. The functions of time commonly encountered in the linear differential equations are Laplace transformable.
Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) Peptide and Drug Addiction

Drug addiction is a brain disease that involves the disruption of important brain neurocircuitry. One important brain system implicated in drug addiction is the mesolimbic system, which includes dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Within the NAc are neurons containing cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide, which interacts with the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. This interaction may indicate that CART peptide is involved in drug abuse and addiction. In support of this idea, several studies have shown that endogenous and exogenous changes in the concentrations of CART peptide in the NAc modulate dopamine- and cocaine-mediated behavioral effects. CART peptide also modulates some of the behavioral effects of other drugs of abuse such as amphetamine and ethanol. While the CART peptide receptor has not yet been cloned and characterized, understanding CART peptide pharmacology may enable us to better understand the mechanisms involved in drug addiction.
MST in Log-Star Rounds of Congested Clique

We present a randomized algorithm that computes a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) in O(log* n) rounds, with high probability, in the Congested Clique model of distributed computing. In this model, the input is a graph on n nodes, initially each node knows only its incident edges, and per round each two nodes can exchange O(log n) bits. Our key technical novelty is an O(log* n) Graph Connectivity algorithm, the heart of which is a (recursive) forest growth method, based on a combination of two ideas: a sparsity-sensitive sketching aimed at sparse graphs and a random edge sampling aimed at dense graphs. Our result improves significantly over the O(log log log n) algorithm of Hegeman et al. [PODC 2015] and the O(log log n) algorithm of Lotker et al. [SPAA 2003; SICOMP 2005].
Measurement of duration and signal-to-noise ratio of astronomical transients using a Spectral Kurtosis spectrometer

Following our prior theoretical and instrumental work addressing the problem of automatic real-time radio frequency interference (RFI) detection and excision from astronomical signals, the wideband Spectral Kurtosis (SK) spectrometer design we proposed is currently being considered as an alternative to the traditional spectrometers when building the new generation of radio instruments. The unique characteristic of an SK spectrometer is that it accumulates both power and power-squared, which are then used to compute an SK statistical estimator proven to be very effective in detecting and excising certain types of RFI signals. In this paper we introduce a novel measurement technique that exploits the power and power square statistics of an SK spectrometer to determine durations and signal-to-noise ratios of transient signals, whether they are RFI or natural signals, even when they are below the time resolution of the instrument. We demonstrate this novel experimental technique by analyzing a segment of data recorded by the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array Subsystem Testbed (EST) during a solar radio burst in which microwave spike bursts occurred with durations shorter than the 20 ms time resolution of the instrument. The duration of one well-observed spike is quantitatively shown to be within a few percent of 8 ms despite the 20 ms resolution of the data.
Electropermeabilization of mammalian cells visualized with fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots)

Electroporation/electropermeabilization is a non-viral technique for gene transfection and drug delivery. Here, the transfer mechanisms were studied with fluorescent nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) in mammalian cells. Interactions of the cell membrane and nanoscale particles were visualized after electric pulse treatment. Responses of human multiple myeloma cells to nanocrystals were tracked for periods up to 7 days. Large particles do not cross the membrane directly after pulsing, even if the membrane is permeabilized to small molecules. Large QDs were trapped on the cell membrane for hours after electroporation and were gradually either excluded or internalized by cells. QD uptake efficiency depended on both particle size and membrane transport activity. These results, consistent with an electropermeabilization model, suggest that enhancing the interactions between the cell membrane and macromolecules may improve the transfer efficiency.
Political Islam and masculinity: Muslim men in Australia

The first of its kind, Roose’s monograph on Australian Muslim men, Political Islam and Masculinity: Muslim Men in Australia (2016), is a welcome contribution to the emergent field of critical mascu...
Examining population-specific hatching cues of salinity and light for Artemia franciscana

Dormancy, the physiological start of rest, occurs in numerous animal species. Many crustaceans release various types of encased embryos in a state of dormancy (e.g., cysts, ephippia, etc.). These dormant propagules require specific combinations of abiotic environmental cues to terminate dormancy. Our goal was to determine if population-specific responses to varying levels of salinity and light (photoperiod) would be present in dormancy termination of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, from distinct environments. Therefore, we cross-factored different salinity concentrations and photoperiods with three A. franciscana populations collected from geographically distinct environments. To measure population-specific response, hatching success (i.e., hatching percentage) was calculated for each treatment. Our results supported the hypothesis that diverse populations of A. franciscana do have population-specific responses to photoperiod and salinity ranges, which affect hatching success (e.g., a population from Portugal showed the greatest hatching success at a salinity of 50 g/l, while populations from Spain and the U.S.A. exhibited the greatest hatching success at 25 g/l). These population-level differences should be taken into consideration during experimentation, especially when examining hatching success in this model organism.
Novel Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention in Malignancies of the Head and Neck

Cancers of the head and neck region are among the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are identified as precursor lesions to malignancy. Patients cured of an initial primary head and neck cancer are also susceptible to developing second primary tumors due to cancerization of their mucosal field. Multi-step acquisition of genetic mutations leading to tumorigenesis and development of invasive cancer has been previously described. Recently, whole exome sequencing of tumor specimens has helped to identify driver mutations in this disease. For these reasons, chemoprevention or the use of systemic or biologic agents to prevent carcinogenesis is an attractive concept in head and neck cancers. Nonetheless, despite extensive clinical research in this field over the past couple decades, no standard of care option has emerged. This review article reports on targeted interventions that have been attempted in clinical trials to date, and focuses on novel molecular pathways and drugs in development that are worthy of being tested for this indication as part of future endeavors.
Racial and ethnic disparities in stroke outcomes: a scoping review of post-stroke disability assessment tools.

Purpose: To identify how post-stroke disability outcomes are assessed in studies that examine racial/ethnic disparities and to map the identified assessment content to the International Classificat...
Delayed, Atraumatic Index Metacarpal Fracture After Trapeziectomy and Suture-Button Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Report of Three Cases

Trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty is a surgical treatment option for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis refractory to nonsurgical management. We describe the cases of 3 patients who presented with index metacarpal fracture, in the absence of traumatic injury, over 4 months after trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty. All 3 fractures demonstrated the same pattern: short oblique/spiral, oriented proximal radial to distal ulnar with the distal end in the vicinity of the index metacarpal button, presumably after the orientation of the metacarpal drill hole. Two of the fractures were treated with surgical fixation. Fracture healing was obtained in all cases. Two of the 3 patients remained symptomatic with thumb pain, but decided against revision treatment for the carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. The third underwent restabilization of the suture button at the time of fracture fixation. Although uncommon, index metacarpal fracture after trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty can present without trauma several months after surgery.
Environmental Impact on Epigenetic Histone Language

The epigenome of a cell or organism consists of chemical instructions acting with and upon genetic information to dictate gene expression. Such information exists in the form of noncoding RNAs, 5′ modifications at the DNA base cytosine, and combinatorial posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on histones. In this chapter, we explore the idea of a histone language written within the combinatorial complexity of PTMs. Examples of cross talk between DNA methylation and histone PTMs are presented. Environmental factors such as drugs and diet have profound impact on epigenetic information. Enzyme-catalyzed chromatin modification requires co-substrates that are key intermediates from major metabolic pathways. Links between metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms are discussed. Lastly, we discuss targeting the epigenome as a new paradigm for drug development.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Whether Dietary Manganese Protects Against Aflatoxin-Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Aflatoxins (AFTs) are secretions of both Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus (Nesbit et al., 1962), two fungi, which can grow upon economically-important crop plants (Wogan, 1964). These secretions are bifuranocoumarins belonging to the family of compounds know as mycotoxins. Of interest from this group are the aflatoxins (AFTs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The AFTs are heptocarcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic. Perhaps, the most widely studied aspect of the AFTs is their carcinogenic property but only a few investigators have concerned themselves with preventing AFT-induced heptocarcinogenesis. For example, Novi (1981) reported that glutathione can alter the development of AFB1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas. One under-explored prevention possibility involves the employment of trace elements, e.o., copper, manganese, and zinc as potential protectors against aflatoxicosis. Several studies regarding this topic have emanated from a single laboratory (Kimbrough et al., 1981; Lalor and Llewellyn, 1981; Llewellyn et al., 1980; 1981; 1983; 1985; Weekley et al., 1981). Both comprehensive (Llewellyn et al., 1982) and critical (Llewellyn et al., 1984) reviews evaluating studies regarding trace element-induced protection against aflatoxicosis have appeared.
Accelerating Data Race Detection Utilizing On-Chip Data-Parallel Cores

Programmers are taking advantage of the increasing availability of on-chip parallelism to meet the rising performance demands of diverse applications. Support of tools that can facilitate the detection of incorrect program execution when concurrent threads are involved is critical to this evolution. Many concurrency bugs manifest as some form of data race condition, and their runtime detection is inherently difficult due to the high overhead of the required memory trace comparisons. Various software and hardware tools have been proposed to detect concurrency bugs at runtime. However, software-based schemes lead to significant performance overhead, while, hardware-based schemes require significant hardware modifications. To enable cost-efficient design of data race detectors, it is desirable to utilize available on-chip resources. The recent integration of CPU cores with data-parallel accelerator cores, such as GPU, provides the opportunity to offload the task of data race detection to these accelerator cores. In this paper, we explore this opportunity by designing a GPU Accelerated Data Ṟace Ḏetector (GUARD) that utilizes GPU cores to process memory traces and detect data races in parallel applications executing on the CPU cores. GUARD further explores various optimization techniques for: (i) reducing the size of memory traces by employing signatures; and (ii) improving accuracy of signatures using coherence-based filtering. Overall, GUARD achieves the performance of hardware-based data race detection mechanisms with minimal hardware modifications.
On Obtaining Maximum Performance From Liquid Surface Levitation Holography

The concept of liquid surface levitation holography as a tool for acoustical imaging has come to fruition with the availability of commercial systems. The analysis of such systems has been carried out by a number of authors, but perhaps the most thorough analysis has been done by Pille [1] and by Pille and Hildebrand [21. These authors decomposed the levitation holography system into several major components and derived transfer functions for each of them.
ERAS is 20 years old-now it's time to standardized the intra-op part of our care.

Dr. Rogers an associate have presented an interesting paper that looks at The impact of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for lung cancer .
Cognitive Biometrics for User Authentication

In this chapter we study the cognitive dimension of behavioral biometrics and how the inclusion of such dimension adds to the accuracy and effectiveness of authentication systems. The chapter starts by introducing the concept of using cognitive biometrics in authentication. It illustrates the mechanics of the authentication process and how such biometrics can be incorporated to complement the security of the process. Three cognitive biometrics are presented in this chapter, eye tracking, mouse dynamics, and keystroke dynamics. We discuss the different aspects of these biometrics including the nature of acquisition, their feature space, distinctiveness, and accuracy. The chapter presents a hybrid model for integrating and synchronizing the features collected from each of these biometrics with the authentication scenario presented to the user. The model can be tuned to fit different authentication journeys taking in consideration the accuracy and the effectiveness of the authentication process.
Artificial Neural Networks for Volt/VAR Control of DER Inverters at the Grid Edge

With increased grid penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), volt/VAR control (VVC) is becoming increasingly complex and challenging in distribution systems. Conventional VVC approaches in distribution networks reside typically on the primary feeder. However, these approaches are ineffective for handling the voltage variability caused by DERs and load dynamics on the secondary side, termed as the grid edge. With more and more deployments of DERs at the grid edge, advanced VVC technologies through controlling DER inverters are perceived to be the key enabling technologies for distributed voltage control to meet the future smart grid requirements. Nevertheless, a great challenge is that DER inverters would fight each other when operated autonomously in participating grid voltage control using the conventional control methods. This paper proposes a novel VVC strategy based on an artificial neural network (ANN) control. The proposed approach is able to properly handle DER inverter constraints in achieving VVC objectives at the grid edge and overcomes the challenges of conventional DER inverter control techniques. The behaviors of the proposed method are evaluated via simulation and hardware experiments, which demonstrate great advantages of the ANN-based VVC for controlling DER inverters at the grid edge.
Editorial: Panculturalism

An essay about panculturalism, understood as social values and rules that provably make everyone better off, versus multi-culturalism, that is, according to the author, often just the opposite of its overt definition.
Automated ZFC Theorem Proving with E.

I introduce an approach for automated reasoning in first order set theories that are not finitely axiomatizable, such as $ZFC$, and describe its implementation alongside the automated theorem proving software E. I then compare the results of proof search in the class based set theory $NBG$ with those of $ZFC$.
Residential flood vulnerability along the developed North Carolina, USA coast: High resolution social and physical data for decision support.

Abstract This article presents an ArcGIS geodatabase of socio-demographic and physical characteristics derived from recent high resolution data sources to construct measures of population vulnerability to inundation in the 28 counties of coastal North Carolina, U.S.A. as presented in Pricope et al., 2019. The region is simultaneously densely populated, low-lying and exposed to recurrent inundation related to storms and incremental sea level rise. The data presented here can be used as a decision support tool in coastal planning, emergency management preparedness, designing adaptation strategies and developing strategies for coastal resilience. The socio-demographic data (population and housing) was derived from 228 tables at the block-group level of geography from the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau. These data were statistically analyzed, using Principal Component Analysis, to identify key factors and then used to construct a Social Vulnerability Index (SOVI) at the block-group level of geography which highlighted regions where socio-demographic characteristics such as family structure, race, housing (primarily owner vs. renter-occupied), special needs populations (e.g. elderly and group living), and household/family size play an overwhelmingly important role in determining community vulnerability from a social perspective. An index of physical exposure was developed using the National Flood Hazards Maps (available from North Carolina's Flood Risk Information System and FEMA) along with a novel building inventory dataset available from the North Carolina Department of Public Safety that contains the Finished-Floor Elevation of every structure in the state. We took advantage of the unprecedented high spatial resolution nature of the building inventory dataset to calculate an index of physical vulnerability to inundation of every block group in the 28 coastal counties relative to Base Flood elevations and identified hotspots where this intersection predisposes people to an increased risk of flooding. Here, we present the final derived dataset containing the social, physical and an integrative measure of vulnerability to flooding that can be used at multiple scales of analysis, starting with the regional, county, local, and neighborhood to identify areas of priority intervention for risk-reduction in coastal planning and emergency management preparedness as well as forward-looking adaptation strategies.
Detecting Recycled SoCs by Exploiting Aging Induced Biases in Memory Cells

The rise of recycled ICs being sold as new through the global semiconductor supply chain is a serious threat due to their inferior quality, shorter remaining life, and potentially poorer performance, compared to their authentic counterparts. While solutions, such as on-chip age monitors, have been proposed for new designs, detecting the recycling of older legacy ICs already in use is much harder; no reliable solution currently exists. In this paper, we propose a new and highly effective approach for detecting recycled ICs by exploiting the powerup state of on-chip SRAMs to evaluate the age of the chip. Our methodology does not require the introduction of any special aging detection circuitry, nor the recording and saving of historical circuit performance data as a reference to detect degradation from use. Instead, we exploit the novel observation that in a new unused SRAM, an equal number of cells power up to the 0 and 1 logic states, and also that this distribution becomes skewed in time due to aging in operation. Since SRAMs exist in virtually all systems-on-chip (SoCs), this simple aging detection method is widely applicable to both old and new designs. It is also low cost since does not require any special test equipment. We present experimental results using commercial off-the-shelf SRAM chips to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Use of New Technologies in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction

Outcomes after mastectomy and prosthetic-based breast reconstruction have improved immensely since the development of the first tissue expander and breast implant in the 1960s. One major factor contributing to our improved outcomes over the past two decades is the increasing availability and improvement of perfusion assessment technology. Instrumental methods now exist which allow surgeons to assess tissue viability intraoperatively, and provide actionable, objective data that augments clinical assessment. In this article, the authors detail two commercially available, state-of-the-art technologies that surgeons may use to assist in mastectomy flap assessment and facilitate the reconstructive process.
Reading Autoethnography: Reflections on Justice and Love

Reading Autoethnography situates autoethnographic insights within the context of two fundamental concerns of critical qualitative inquiry: justice and love. Through philosophical engagement, it gives close readings of written passages taken from leading autoethnographers and frames the philosophical project of autoethnography as one that is both political and interpersonal. It does this to highlight how autoethnographic lessons can allow us to think through how we may achieve a flourishing for all — something that is both related to justice as it pertains to the political, and when situations are in excess of justice, related to love as it pertains to feeling at home in the world with others. As such, this book will be of interest to those who have a burgeoning interest in autoethnography and seasoned autoethnographers alike; anyone interested in critical qualitative inquiry as a discourse promoting justice and love; and any scholar who has encountered the ethical question of: "What ought we do?"
Combining Adjuvant Radiotherapy With Capecitabine in Chemotherapy-resistant Breast Cancer: Feasibility, Safety, and Toxicity

Abstract Background In a randomized trial (CREATE-X) patients who had residual disease following standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy had improved survival with the addition of adjuvant capecitabine. For patients who required radiation (RT), capecitabine was given sequentially. Concurrent capecitabine-RT may be more efficacious. We hypothesized that the safety, feasibility, and toxicity of adjuvant capecitabine-RT is not significantly different compared to adjuvant RT alone. Patient and Methods We retrospectively studied patients with stage I-III invasive mammary carcinoma. Patients treated with capecitabine-RT were matched 1:3 with control patients treated with RT alone. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of radiation dermatitis. Results A total of 64 patients were enrolled including 16 patients treated by capecitabine-RT and 48 treated by RT alone. Cohorts were balanced with regard to clinicopathologic factors. No treatment in either cohort resulted in hospitalization, short-term disability, or fatality. Most toxicities of capecitabine-RT were related to radiation dermatitis. Radiation dermatitis was not significantly different between the capecitabine-RT and RT cohort at either the grade 2 level (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.38-4.93, p=0.63) or grade 3 level (OR 3.00, 95% CI 0.85-10.63, p=0.09) or after multivariable analysis. However, patients treated with capecitabine-RT were more likely to require modifications in the radiation schedule, including treatment breaks or cancelled fractions (44% versus 17%, OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.12-13.52, p=0.03). Conclusion Capecitabine-RT appears to be safe in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer with comparable toxicity to RT alone. It may lead to more treatment adjustments. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of this combination.
Contribution of family history of gynecologic cancers to associated risk-factors and screening: Analysis of an Internet-based risk assessment tool.

e13605Background: Well-established risk-factors exist for gynecologic cancers (GC): estrogen exposure increases risk of endometrial cancer (EC); HPV infection and smoking are associated with cervic...
Fake News Early Detection: An Interdisciplinary Study

Massive dissemination of fake news and its potential to erode democracy has increased the demand for accurate fake news detection. Recent advancements in this area have proposed novel techniques that aim to detect fake news by exploring how it propagates on social networks. Nevertheless, to detect fake news at an early stage, i.e., when it is published on a news outlet but not yet spread on social media, one cannot rely on news propagation information as it does not exist. Hence, there is a strong need to develop approaches that can detect fake news by focusing on news content. In this paper, a theory-driven model is proposed for fake news detection. The method investigates news content at various levels: lexicon-level, syntax-level, semantic-level and discourse-level. We represent news at each level, relying on well-established theories in social and forensic psychology. Fake news detection is then conducted within a supervised machine learning framework. As an interdisciplinary research, our work explores potential fake news patterns, enhances the interpretability in fake news feature engineering, and studies the relationships among fake news, deception/disinformation, and clickbaits. Experiments conducted on two real-world datasets indicate the proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art and enable fake news early detection when there is limited content information.
Matrix product state recursion methods for computing spectral functions of strongly correlated quantum systems

Author(s): Tian, Yifan | Advisor(s): White, Steven R | Abstract: The main content of this dissertation consists of two projects that I studied during my graduate career. Among them, the first project has more successful results and thus will be the major content of this dissertation. Besides discussing the details of each project, this dissertation also introduces the background knowledge and fundamental techniques of this area.The first project is "recursion methods for strongly correlated quantum system}, which is also the main project". In this project, we present a method for extrapolation of real-time dynamical correlation functions which can improve the capability of matrix product state methods to compute spectral functions. Unlike the widely used linear prediction method, which ignores the origin of the data being extrapolated, our recursion methods utilize a representation of the wavefunction in terms of an expansion of the same wavefunction and its translations at earlier times. This recursion method is exact for noninteracting Fermi system. Surprisingly, the recursion method is also more robust than linear prediction at large interaction strength. We test this method on the Hubbard two-leg ladder, and present more accurate results for the spectral function than previous studies.The second project is "Mapping the Hubbard model to the t-J model using ground state unitary transformations". The effective low-energy models of the Hubbard model are usually derived from perturbation theory. Here we derive the effective model of the Hubbard model in spin space and t-J space using a unitary transformation from numerical optimization. We represent the Hamiltonian as Matrix product state(MPO) and represent the unitary transformation using gates according to tensor network methods. We obtain this unitary transformation by optimizing the unitary transformation between the ground state of the Hubbard model and the projection of the Hubbard model ground state into spin space and t-J space. The unitary transformation we get from numerical optimization yields effective models that are in line with perturbation theories. This numerical optimization method starting from ground state provides another approach to analyze effective low-energy models of strongly correlated electron systems.