cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimize Oxidation for the Fastest Hematoxylin Staining

Background Hematoxylin solutions are complex and require additives to produce purple-blue colorfast staining. Objective To determine the best hematoxylin cocktail and fastest immersion times for frozen tissue preparation. Materials and Methods Hematoxylin solution type, oxidizer concentration, and immersion time were tested simultaneously on normal skin frozen sections. Results Regressive hematoxylin solutions stained faster than progressive solutions. Permanganate oxidized premixed hematoxylin best. Conclusion Augmenting premixed regressive hematoxylin solution with permanganate provides rapid staining, which is advantageous for frozen sections.
Classification and clustering via dictionary learning with structured incoherence and shared features

A clustering framework within the sparse modeling and dictionary learning setting is introduced in this work. Instead of searching for the set of centroid that best fit the data, as in k-means type of approaches that model the data as distributions around discrete points, we optimize for a set of dictionaries, one for each cluster, for which the signals are best reconstructed in a sparse coding manner. Thereby, we are modeling the data as a union of learned low dimensional subspaces, and data points associated to subspaces spanned by just a few atoms of the same learned dictionary are clustered together. An incoherence promoting term encourages dictionaries associated to different classes to be as independent as possible, while still allowing for different classes to share features. This term directly acts on the dictionaries, thereby being applicable both in the supervised and unsupervised settings. Using learned dictionaries for classification and clustering makes this method robust and well suited to handle large datasets. The proposed framework uses a novel measurement for the quality of the sparse representation, inspired by the robustness of the l 1 regularization term in sparse coding. In the case of unsupervised classification and/or clustering, a new initialization based on combining sparse coding with spectral clustering is proposed. This initialization clusters the dictionary atoms, and therefore is based on solving a low dimensional eigen-decomposition problem, being applicable to large datasets. We first illustrate the proposed framework with examples on standard image and speech datasets in the supervised classification setting, obtaining results comparable to the state-of-the-art with this simple approach. We then present experiments for fully unsupervised clustering on extended standard datasets and texture images, obtaining excellent performance.
High Speed Concentric Circular CMOS Photodiodes Using Stair Step Circles for Direct Detection of Spatially Multiplexed Optical Channels

A novel concentric circular photodiode array within the confines of standard CMOS technology with built-in inductive effect is presented for high speed operations and direct detection of concentric circular output of spatially multiplexed channels
Birth order, sex of child, and maternal help-giving

As part of a larger study of birth order, sex of child, and mother—child interaction, mothers were asked to supervise their child's performance on memory and puzzle tasks. Subjects were 56 5-year-old boys and girls and their mothers, half with a same-sex older sibling, half with a same-sex younger sibling. Mothers showed no differences in spontaneous help-giving as a function of sex or birth order of child, but were more likely to give requested help and support to daughters than sons, and to respond contingently to daughters' mistakes. Implications of greater reinforced help-seeking for girls' orientations to achievement and problem-solving are considered.
Structural analysis of N- and O-glycans using ZIC-HILIC/dialysis coupled to NMR detection

Protein glycosylation, an important and complex post-translational modification (PTM), is involved in various biological processes, including the receptor-ligand and cell-cell interaction, and plays a crucial role in many biological functions. However, little is known about the glycan structures of important biological complex samples, and the conventional glycan enrichment strategy (i.e., size-exclusion column [SEC] separation) prior to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection is time-consuming and tedious. In this study, we developed a glycan enrichment strategy that couples Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) with dialysis to enrich the glycans from the pronase E digests of RNase B, followed by NMR analysis of the glycoconjugate. Our results suggest that the ZIC-HILIC enrichment coupled with dialysis is a simple, fast, and efficient sample preparation approach. The approach was thus applied to analysis of a biological complex sample, the pronase E digest of the secreted proteins from the fungus Aspergillus niger. The NMR spectra revealed that the secreted proteins from A. niger contain both N-linked glycans with a high-mannose core similar to the structure of the glycan from RNase B, and O-linked glycans bearing mannose and glucose with 1→3 and 1→6 linkages. In all, our study provides compelling evidence that ZIC-HILIC separation coupled with dialysis is very effective and accessible in preparing glycans for the downstream NMR analysis, which could greatly facilitate the future NMR-based glycoproteomics research.
An improved synthesis of 16β-hydroxy dehydroepiandrosterone

Abstract A convenient method for the preparation of large quantities of 16β-hydroxy dehydroepiandrosterone is described.
Antimicrobial Sand via Adsorption of Cationic Moringa oleifera Protein

Moringa oleifera (Moringa) seeds contain a natural cationic protein (MOCP) that can be used as an antimicrobial flocculant for water clarification. Currently, the main barrier to using Moringa seeds for producing potable water is that the seeds release other water-soluble proteins and organic matter, which increase the concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water. The presence of this DOM supports the regrowth of pathogens in treated water, preventing its storage and later use. A new strategy has been established for retaining the MOCP protein and its ability to clarify and disinfect water while removing the excess organic matter. The MOCP is first adsorbed and immobilized onto sand granules, followed by a rinsing step wherein the excess organic matter is removed, thereby preventing later growth of bacteria in the purified water. Our hypotheses are that the protein remains adsorbed onto the sand after the functionalization treatment, and that the ability of the antimicrobial functionalized...
Thermal stability in bulk cryomilled ultrafine-grained 5083 Al alloy

Thermal stability in bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) 5083 Al that was processed by gas atomization followed by cryomilling, consolidation, and extrusion, and that exhibited an average grain size of 305 nm, was investigated in the temperature range of 473 to 673 K (0.55 to 0.79 T m , where T m is the melting temperature of the material) for different annealing times. Appreciable grain growth was observed at temperatures > 573 K, whereas there was limited grain growth at temperatures 573 K). For temperatures lower than 573 K, the activation energy of 25 ± 5 kJ/mol was determined. It is suggested that this low activation energy represents the energy for the reordering of grain boundaries in the UFG material. For temperatures higher than 573 K, an activation energy of 124 ± 5 kJ/mol was measured. This value of activation energy, 124 ± 5 kJ/mol, lies between that for grain boundary diffusion and lattice diffusion in analogous aluminum polycrystalline systems. The results show that the strength and ductility of bulk UFG 5083 Al, as obtained from tensile tests, correlate well with substructural changes introduced in the alloy by the annealing treatment.
Fistula in ano in infants: Who recurs?

Introduction Fistula in ano is a common malady in infancy. However, relatively little literature is devoted to it. Our aim was to describe the natural history and identify predictors of which children will ultimately recur.
Early effects of experimental diabetes on central catecholamine concentrations

Six days after induction of diabetes norepinephrine (NE), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine concentrations were determined in spinal cord, cerebellum, pons/medulla oblongata and the remaining brain of diabetic rats. Only cerebellar NE levels were significantly increased by 21% compared to age-matched controls. This effect was not seen when diabetic rats received insulin replacement therapy. Fifty-two days after induction of diabetes cerebellar NE levels in diabetic rats were further increased (+37%), implying an enduring and progressive effect. The data show that even with a short period of uncontrolled diabetes central neurochemical alterations occur.
Postcritical Analysis of PrandtlPlane Joined-Wing Configurations

The postbuckling behavior of joined-wing configurations has not been fully addressed in the past. This topic is extensively discussed in this work. Starting from a baseline configuration, geometrical parameters as well as wings’ load repartition are varied to assess their influence on buckling occurrence. The snap-buckling phenomenon and postcritical pattern are investigated with the adoption of the arc-length technique. The complex load transferring through the joint induces a deformation shape that can no longer carry additional load after a critical point is reached. An abrupt snap to a configuration that is not continuously adjacent to the previous one is then observed. Comparison with the instability state obtained via eigenvalue analysis demonstrates that buckling prediction through linear-buckling analysis is inadequate, and often, the actual critical load is overestimated. This study shows that, for PrandtlPlane joined-wing configurations, increasing the height-to-wingspan ratio is beneficial as f...
Time—Space Tradeoffs for Satisfiability

We give the first nontrivial model-independent time?space tradeoffs for satisfiability. Namely, we show that SAT cannot be solved in n1+o(1) time and n1?? space for any ?>0 general random-access nondeterministic Turing machines. In particular, SAT cannot be solved deterministically by a Turing machine using quasilinear time and n space. We also give lower bounds for log-space uniform NC1 circuits and branching programs. Our proof uses two basic ideas. First we show that if SAT can be solved nondeterministically with a small amount of time then we can collapse a nonconstant number of levels of the polynomial-time hierarchy. We combine this work with a result of Nepomnja??ii that shows that a nondeterministic computation of superlinear time and sublinear space can be simulated in alternating linear time. A simple diagonalization yields our main result. We discuss how these bounds lead to a new approach to separating the complexity classes NL and NP. We give some possibilities and limitations of this approach.
Determination of the low oxygen limit for several commercial apple cultivars by respiratory quotient breakpoint

Abstract Low oxygen limits for apple ( Malus domestica , Borkh) fruit were determined using modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) techniques. Fruits were sealed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) packages and placed at 0°C until steady-state respiration was reached. Steady state O 2 and CO 2 partial pressures were varied by altering package thickness, package surface area, and the total fruit weight within the package. Based on measured permeabilities of the LDPE packages to O 2 and CO 2 , package partial pressures were used to determine the gas flux for O 2 and CO 2 for each package, with gas flux rates representing respiratory rates. The effect of O 2 partial pressure on O 2 uptake, CO 2 production, and the respiratory quotient (RQ) was then determined. As the O 2 partial pressure decreased to approximately 2 kPa, RQ remained relatively constant. A marked increase in the RQ (the RQ breakpoint) occurred below 2 kPa O 2 , which was associated with elevated ethanol concentrations. The low O 2 tolerance limit was then estimated for each cultivar as the O 2 level at the RQ breakpoint; these values ranged from 0.7 kPa O 2 for cultivars “Red Delicious” and 0.8 kPa for “Law Rome” to approximately 1.9 kPa for “McIntosh”.
A Free-Recall Demonstration versus a Lecture-Only Control: Learning Benefits.

On their first class day, introductory psychology students took a 14-question multiple-choice pretest on several principles of memory including primacy, recency, storage, retrieval, counterbalancin...
Laboring in the factories and in the fields

▪ Abstract Since 1980, studies of the wage labor process have been centered mostly on three topics: the new international division of labor, control over the labor process, and “flexibilization” of production. Anthropologists have contributed rich studies about modes of control and about how these modes are linked to social relations within the work place and workers' communities of origin. They have explained how and why market segmentation can be a powerful tool of control some of the time, whereas at other times it can enhance tensions. Anthropologists have also contributed by transforming stylized models into models centered on actors with social and class identities and with ambivalent expectations and aspirations. However, they have neglected to integrate their findings with those from the literature on labor migrations and job search. They also have neglected to consistently examine contracts and hiring practices, two major tools of labor control. Although anthropologists have been attentive to par...
First divergence time estimate of spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks (subphylum: Chelicerata) inferred from mitochondrial phylogeny.

Spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks (chelicerates) form one of the most diverse groups of arthropods on land, but their origin and times of diversification are not yet established. We estimated, for the first time, the molecular divergence times for these chelicerates using complete mitochondrial sequences from 25 taxa. All mitochondrial genes were evaluated individually or after concatenation. Sequences belonging to three missing genes (ND3, 6, and tRNA-Asp) from three taxa, as well as the faster-evolving ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S), tRNAs, and the third base of each codon from 11 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (COI-III, CYTB, ATP8, 6, ND1-2, 4L, and 4-5), were identified and removed. The remaining concatenated sequences from 11 PCGs produced a completely resolved phylogenetic tree and confirmed that all chelicerates are monophyletic. Removing the third base from each codon was essential to resolve the phylogeny, which allowed deep divergence times to be calculated using three nodes calibrated with upper and lower priors. Our estimates indicate that the orders and classes of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks diversified in the late Paleozoic, much earlier than previously reported from fossil date estimates. The divergence time estimated for ticks suggests that their first land hosts could have been amphibians rather than reptiles. Using molecular data, we separated the spider-scorpion clades and estimated their divergence times at 397 ± 23 million years ago. Algae, fungi, plants, and animals, including insects, were well established on land when these chelicerates diversified. Future analyses, involving mitochondrial sequences from additional chelicerate taxa and the inclusion of nuclear genes (or entire genomes) will provide a more complete picture of the evolution of the Chelicerata, the second most abundant group of animals on earth.
GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IN ADULT RAT BRAIN FOLLOING NEONATAL TREATMENT WITH MORPHINE, A QUANTITATIVE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY

Previous experimental evidence has shown that neonatal exposure to morphine has lasting effects on pain thresholds and the density of opiate receptor sites in several brain regions (Handelmann & Quirion, European J Pharmac. , in press). In order to more clearly define the functional correlates of the altered distribution of opiate receptors, we chose the autoradiographic 14C Deoxyglucose method for measuring in vivo glucose utilization rates in brain tissue (Sokoloff et al., J Neurochemistry 28:897-916, 1977). Newborn albino rats were injected s.c. with lug morphine sulfate in 5ul phosphate buffered saline each day on postnatal days 1 through 7. The deoxyglucose experiments were performed after the rats were 3 months of age. The frozen brains were sectioned 20microns thick and used to produce images on Xray film. Optical densities were obtained using a computerized image processing system. Glucose utilization rates were altered in several brain regions when compared to control values. Notably the reduced glucose metabolic rate found in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus correlated well with the altered density of opiate receptors in that structure.
Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms and Their Relationships to Self-concept and Negative Affect Among College Recreational Exercisers

This study explored the nature of the relationship between muscle dysmorphia symptoms and self-concept as well as negative affect variables. Female (n = 183) and male (n = 103) college students completed a packet of questionnaires. Data were analyzed using canonical correlation analyses and revealed significant relationships between the sets of variables. Specifically, the variance explained by muscle dysmorphia symptoms in self-concept and negative affect variables was greater than the variance explained in muscle dysmorphia symptoms by self-concept and negative affect. Perceived body attractiveness and social physique anxiety were the individual variables that predominantly contributed to the multivariate relationships.
Ultrastructure of unique plasmodesmata in Selaginella willdenowii

All meristematic cells of dorsal angle meristems of Selaginella willdenowii Baker cultured in vitro possessed expanded plasmodesmata, unlike the conventional plasmodesmata which were also found in these cells. Apical tissues of stems, roots and shoots from intact plant also possessed these structures though to a lesser degree than angle meristems. Root tips and stem apices had numerous conventional plasmodesmata in their walls. The expanded plasmodesmata, with their marked symmetry, represent a unique variation of plasmodesmatal structure.
The GNAT compilation model

One of the novel features of GNAT is its unusual approach to the compilation process and the handling of the Ada library. The words novel and unusual only apply from a traditional Ada compilation perspective. By contrast, a typical C or C++ programmer would find many aspects of the model quite familiar. In GNAT, sources are independently compiled to produce a set of objects, and the set of object files thus produced is submitted to the binder/linker to generate the resulting executable. This approach removes all order-of-compilation considerations, and eliminates the traditional monolithic library structure. Not only is the model very simple to understand, but it makes it easier to build hybrid systems in multiple languages, and is much more compatible with conventional configuration management tools (ranging from the simple Unix MAKE program to sophisticated compilation management environments) than the conventional library structure. Needless to say, the approach we present is fully compatible with the Ada rules of compilation.
Some nonlinear optimization modelling for planning objectives of large market-oriented systems: with an application to real health data

Abstract This paper is a continuation of a previous article which presented mathematical modelling for the prediction of patient/client/customer “flows” within a large geographical domain. This sequential article bases all of its mathematical derivations upon an origin constrained form of the gravity model rather than the destination constrained form which was used for the basis of the modelling in the earlier article. The destination constrained model was initially developed, validated, and used in England and Europe to predict the flows of patients from their homes to acute hospitals. This model has been used to accurately predict patient flows in the state of Massachusetts with certain modifications to the definition of some variables. However, the underlying assumptions of the origin constrained model fit the situation in the United States better than the destination form. This paper mathematically derives the origin constrained model and formulations of several nonlinear programming models based on objectives of equity, efficiency, and accessibility. An application of the equity objective to real health data for the state of Massachusetts is presented.
Immediate permanent reconstruction of a mandibular continuity defect with use of a prosthesis of chromium-cobalt alloy

A ten-year follow-up of treatment of a patient who had a hemimandibulectomy with disarticulation for fibrous dysplasia is presented. The report presents a ten-year follow-up of a patient who had a hemimandibulectomy with disarticulation for fibrous dysplasia and immediate permanent reconstruction of the mandible with a custom-cast prosthesis. Careful preoperative planning, operative technique, and postoperative follow-up are needed for successful management of such cases.
Multivariate analysis of time-resolved mass spectral data

Abstract Multvariate analysis of time-resolved pyrolysis/mass spectrometric data is described. The approach is based on the variance diagram (VARDIA), a recently developed technique that quantifies the clustering of variables in two-dimensional factor analysis (sub)-spaces in a rotational scanning procedure. A maximum in the VARDIA plot indicates a correlated behavior of the mass variables, indicating a common origin. This common origin is generally caused by a change in the concentration of a chemical component. With this information the “factor spectrum” and the scores of the component can be retrieved. For time-resolved serial data, consideration of the clustering behavior of the variables as a function of time is more appropriate than a rotational scanning procedure. Adaptation of the VARDIA for serial data, such as time-resolved data, is described. This approach has the advantage that all the factors can be used. It will be shown that the resolution of the obtained curve than the total ion current curve as a function of time. Examples will be given for time-resolved data of coal, rubber and wood samples.
A Biologically Inspired Neural Network Model to Transformation Invariant Object Recognition

ABSTRACT Transformation invariant image recognition has been an active research area due to its widespread applications in a variety of fields such as military operations, robotics, medical practices, geographic scene analysis, and many others. The primary goal for this research is detection of objects in the presence of image transf ormations such as changes in resolution, rotation, translation, scale and occlusion. We investigate a biologically-inspired neural network (NN) model for such transformation-invariant object recognition. In a classical training-testing setup for NN, the performance is largely dependent on the range of transformation or orientation involved in training. However, an even more serious dilemma is that there may not be enough trai ning data available for succes sful learning or even no training data at all. To alleviate this problem, a biologically inspired reinforcement learning (RL) approach is proposed. In this paper, the RL approach is explored for object recognition with different types of transformations such as changes in scale, size, resolution and rotation. The RL is implemented in an ad aptive critic design (ACD) framew ork, which approximates the neuro-dynamic programming of an action network and a critic network, respectively. Two ACD algorithms such as Heuristic Dynamic Programming (HDP) and Dual Heuristic dynamic Programming (DHP) are investigated to obtain transformation invariant object recognition. The two learning algorithms are evaluated statistically using simulated transformations in images as well as w ith a large-scale UMIST face database with pose variations. In the face database authentication case, the 90 q out-of-plane rotation of faces from 20 different subjects in the UMIST database is used. Our simulations show promising results for both designs for transformation-invariant object recognition and authentication of faces. Comparing the two algorithms, DHP outperforms HDP in learning capability, as DHP takes fewer steps to perform a successful recognition task in gene ral. Further, the residual critic error in DHP is generally smaller than that of HDP, and DHP achieves a 100% success rate more frequently than HDP for individual obj ects/subjects. On the other hand, HDP is more robust than the DHP as far as success rate across the database is concerned when applied in a stochastic and uncertain environment, and the computational time involved in DHP is more. Keywords: Reinforcement Learning (RL), automatic object recognition (AOR), Heuristic Dynamic Programming (HDP), Dual Heuristic dynamic Programming (DHP), image transformation
The effect of calcium on the oxidation of acetaldehyde by rat liver mitochondria.

Abstract Isolated liver mitochondria oxidized acetaldehyde in the following order: State 4 2+ , in concentrations greater than 0.10 mM, inhibited the oxidation of acetaldehyde by isolated liver mitochondria under all conditions. Valinomycin-stimulated oxidation of acetaldehyde was more sensitive to inhibition by Ca 2+ than were the state 3 or 4 rates of acetaldehyde oxidation. Acetaldehyde could support an energy-dependent uptake of Ca 2+ at rates about 20 percent that found with succinate. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of Ca 2+ translocation, almost completely prevented the inhibition by Ca 2+ , under all conditions. The addition of externally added NAD + or NADH provided complete relief against the inhibitions by Ca 2+ of the state 4 and 3 rates of acetaldehyde oxidation. Although some relief was also observed with the valinomycin-stimulated system, significant inhibition persisted. Cations such as Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , or Hg 2+ also inhibited acetaldehyde oxidation, whereas Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ were without effect. These cations also blocked glutamate oxidation and presumably inhibit acetaldehyde oxidation by preventing reoxidation of NADH. The greater sensitivity of the ionophore-stimulated oxidation of acetaldehyde to inhibition by Ca 2+ may reflect release of intramitochondria K + , which is known to occur in the presence of Ca 2+ , suggesting that acetaldehyde oxidation is influenced by the cation environment within the mitochondria.
The effect of prestrain temperatures on dislocation cell formation and subsequent tensile behavior in low carbon steel sheets

The effect of cellular dislocation substructures on the flow stress of AKDQ steel sheet was studied in interrupted-temperature tensile tests performed at temperatures between {minus}72C and room temperature. Subsequent work hardening from a given stress level was unaltered by the prestrain temperature, although the dislocation cell structure was dramatically altered. It was therefore concluded that the presence of a dislocation cell structure, as seen in TEM, does not dominate tensile work-hardening behavior in this material in a regime defined approximately by temperatures at and below room temperature, and strain rates at and above 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}4}s{sup {minus}1}. In this regime, the stress-strain behavior can be adequately described by a single-structure-parameter model, which implies the existence of a single structural feature, independent of the cell structure, which dominates the flow stress. The extent of development of this parameter is a function of the previous strain history, and the current deformation conditions. At higher temperatures (100C), the behavior is more complex, and a single structural parameter is no longer adequate.
Design of a custom dram storage unit coupled to i486(tm)

Abstract The architecture and implementation of a custom storage unit built with 4 Mb chips packaged on 4 MB SIMM (Single In Line Module) and controlled with a CMOS 1 micron ASIC chips sets will be described. The storage unit is designed to interface with an INTEL i486(tm) microprocessor running at 25 Mhz and to provide an efficient use of the ECC (Error Correction Code) implemented in the storage controller chip.
Full-dimensional quantum calculations of vibrational energy levels of acetylene (HCCH) up to 13,000 cm−1

Abstract We report full-dimensional converged quantum mechanical calculations of highly excited vibrational ( J =0) energy levels of acetylene (HCCH) up to 13,000 cm −1 above the zero-point-energy level. The calculations were carried out using the Lanczos algorithm and a mixed basis/grid representation for the six-dimensional wavefunction. Both the parity and diatomic exchange symmetry were adapted in the calculation. Results on two potential energy surfaces were obtained and compared with both experimental and previous theoretical results.
Toll-Like Receptor Polymorphisms, Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases, Allergies, and Cancer

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germ-line-encoded innate immune sensors that recognize conserved microbial structures and host alarmins and signal expression of MHC proteins, costimulatory molecules, and inflammatory mediators by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and other cell types. These processes activate immediate and early mechanisms of innate host defense, as well as initiate and orchestrate adaptive immune responses. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR genes have been associated with altered susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory, and allergic diseases, and have been found to play a role in tumorigenesis. Critical advances in our understanding of innate immune functions and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered complex interactions of genetic polymorphisms within TLRs and environmental factors. However, conclusions obtained in the course of such analyses are restricted by limited power of many studies that is likely to explain controversial findings. Further, linkages to certain ethnic backgrounds, gender, and the presence of multigenic effects further complicate the interpretations of how the TLR SNPs affect immune responses. For many TLRs, the molecular mechanisms by which SNPs impact receptor functions remain unknown. In this review, I have summarized current knowledge about the TLR polymorphisms, their impact on TLR signaling, and associations with various inflammatory, infectious, allergic diseases and cancers, and discussed the directions of future scientific research.
Positive random iliac bone biopsy in advanced prostatic cancer.

Abstract Forty-one patients with biopsy proved prostatic cancer and with biopsy proved bone metastases were retrospectively evaluated. In 16 per cent of the patients, bone biopsy was positive in spite of negative skeletal survey. Positive skeletal survey and increased serum acid phosphatase levels were found in 78 per cent of the patients, although bone marrow acid phosphatase was elevated in all patients. The determination of bone marrow acid phosphatase was found to be the most sensitive parameter in detection of bone metastases in patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
Design Considerations for Cooling High Heat Flux IC Chips With Microchannels

Thermal emergency in integrated circuits has become an important issue with aggressive scaling trends. Several novel cooling techniques are investigated in both academia and industry. Sophisticated active cooling techniques are required to mitigate the thermal issues faced by the chips in the current and future technologies.
ON THE MEANING OF ENZYMATIC SUPERACTIVITY IN REVERSE MICELLES

Two types of superactivity can be defined. One, is with respect to the activity for a fixed average substrate concentration in the water pool; the pushing of the charged substrate by the likewise charged micellar surface is responsible for the superactivity and its bell-shaped dependence on the hydration ratio. The other, is with respect to the activity in a bulk aqueous solution having a substrate concentration equal to a fixed overall concentration [S−]ov in the entire reverse micellar solution. In this case, the pushing effect, the constraint of a fixed [S−]ov and the partitioning of the substrate in the surfactant layer are responsible for the bell-shaped dependence. Superactivity exists for low substrate partitioning in the surfactant layer, subactivity for high partitioning.
Prenatal ultrasonographic recognition of Goldenhar's syndrome

Goldenhar's syndrome is a series of malformations involving the face, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Other organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, spine, and heart, can also be involved. We report the prenatal ultrasonographic findings with regard to a fetus with multiple anomalies where Goldenhar's syndrome was not diagnosed until after birth. The importance of finding patterns of malformations is stressed to optimize the postnatal care for infants with multiple congenital abnormalities.
Eight-plasmid system for rapid generation of influenza virus vaccines.

The antigenic variation of influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins requires frequent changes in vaccine formulation. The classical method of creating influenza virus seed strains for vaccine production is to generate 6 + 2 reassortants that contain six genes from a high-yield virus, such as A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and the HA and NA genes of the circulating strains. The techniques currently used are time-consuming because of the selection process required to isolate the reassortant virus. We generated the high-yield virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) entirely from eight plasmids. Its growth phenotype in embryonated chicken eggs was equivalent to that of the wild-type virus. By using this DNA-based cotransfection technique, we generated 6 + 2 reassortants that had the antigenic determinants of the influenza virus strains A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2), A/teal/HK/W312 (H6N1), and A/quail/HK/G1/97 (H9N2). Our findings demonstrate that the eight-plasmid system allows the rapid and reproducible generation of reassortant influenza A viruses for use in the manufacture of vaccines.
Broadband, electrically long vertical waveguide interconnect

A bandwidth optimised vertical interconnect using a rectangular waveguide to couple two microstrip lines is presented. The electrically long interconnect gives low insertion loss and large bandwidth, in contrast to other indirectly and directly coupled interconnects. Experimental results show <1.5 dB insertion loss and <20 dB return loss over a wide bandwidth 8.1-0.7 GHz.
Ethylene–propylene copolymers: Crystallinity, infrared, and creep studies

Density, infrared, and creep studies have been made of ethylene–propylene copolymers containing up to about 50 mole-% propylene and their homopolymers. The degree of crystallinity (volume fraction of polyethylene crystals), as measured by density and x-ray studies, decreases with increased propylene content. This change is also reflected in the intensity of the 13.7 μ band in the infrared spectra of the polymers. The measured amount of unsaturation (0.1–0.2%) in the copolymers is too small to account for the presence of several infrared bands which are often attributed to unsaturation. An unsaturation of 0.90% was obtained for a terpolymer where the third component was unsaturated. Indentation–creep studies showed the creep to be nearly proportional to the logarithm of time with a slope of 10% creep per decade for 0.1–10 min. Compliance–temperature graphs were found to be quite similar to those for the styrene–butadiene rubber SBR 1500.
If an operative complication occurs and no one reports it, does it really occur?

resectoscopes and nonviscous distention media have been performed safely since the early1980s. Hundreds of thousands of cases have been successfully completed with a very low rate of significant complications. Some of these complications are uterine perforation, bleeding, infection, fluid overload, hyponatremia, and air or gas embolism. Published data suggest that catastrophic complications occur in less than 1% of cases in the United States and Europe. Air embolism during operative hysteroscopy is so rare that only a few case reports are available. As operative hysteroscopy evolves, however, so do equipment and technology. With these developments come new clinical advantages and potential risks. A perfect example of this advancement is bipolar hysteroscopic technology. Eliminating the risk of hyponatremia by operating in physiologic solution has obvious clinical benefits. However, to create adequate power density, an insulating vapor must be created using a generator at high wattage (180–200 W). As a result, many gas bubbles are produced. While using a bipolar loop electrode with saline distention at intrauterine pressure below mean arterial pressure, two of our patients experienced clinically significant symptoms of gas embolization: drop in end-tidal carbon dioxide, drop in oxygen saturation, drop in blood pressure, premature ventricular contractions, and mill-wheel murmurs. These events were not seen with monopolar hysteroscopic surgery in our institution, although we do not use vaporizing electrodes. According to the Food and Drug Administration’s Obstetric/Gynecologic Device Panel meeting May 22, 2001, seven additional cases
Use of Real-Time 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography in Percutaneous Intervention of a Flush-Occluded Pulmonary Vein

A 52-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion and hemoptysis following unsuccessful cardioversion and radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 5 months earlier. He underwent magnetic resonance angiography and CT angiography to assess pulmonary venous anatomy and to rule out pulmonary embolism. Imaging demonstrated an occluded left-lower pulmonary vein (Figure A). Figure. A, An MRI image showing both arterial and venous phases of filling. A paucity of pulmonary vasculature is seen in the area normally supplied by the left-lower pulmonary vein (white arrow), suggesting occlusion. B, Real-time 3D TEE of the left pulmonary venous system (rotated image) revealing the origin of the occluded left-lower pulmonary vein (top orifice) in relation to the patent left-upper pulmonary vein (bottom orifice). C, Angiographic image revealing wire passage through an …
Modeling Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Injection in Heterogeneous Porous Media

We investigate the physical processes that occur during the sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in liquid-saturated, brine-bearing geologic formations using the numerical simulator TOUGH2. CO2 is injected in a supercritical state that has a much lower density and viscosity than the liquid brine it displaces. In situ, the supercritical CO2 forms a gas-like phase, and also partially dissolves in the aqueous phase, creating a multi-phase, multi-component environment that shares many important features with the vadose zone. The flow and transport simulations employ an equation of state package that treats a two-phase (liquid, gas), three-component (water, salt, CO2) system. Chemical reactions between CO2 and rock minerals that could potentially contribute to mineral trapping of CO2 are not included. The geological setting considered is a fluvial/deltaic formation that is strongly heterogeneous, making preferential flow a significant effect, especially when coupled with the strong buoyancy forces acting on the gas-like CO2 plume. Key model development issues include vertical and lateral grid resolution, grid orientation effects, and the choice of characteristic curves.
Putrescine overproduction does not affect the catabolism of spermidine and spermine in poplar and Arabidopsis

The effect of up-regulation of putrescine (Put) production by genetic manipulation on the turnover of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) was investigated in transgenic cells of poplar (Populus nigra × maximowiczii) and seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. Several-fold increase in Put production was achieved by expressing a mouse ornithine decarboxylase cDNA either under the control of a constitutive (in poplar) or an inducible (in Arabidopsis) promoter. The transgenic poplar cells produced and accumulated 8–10 times higher amounts of Put than the non-transgenic cells, whereas the Arabidopsis seedlings accumulated up to 40-fold higher amounts of Put; however, in neither case the cellular Spd or Spm increased consistently. The rate of Spd and Spm catabolism and the half-life of cellular Spd and Spm were measured by pulse-chase experiments using [14C]Spd or [14C]Spm. Spermidine half-life was calculated to be about 22–32 h in poplar and 52–56 h in Arabidopsis. The half-life of cellular Spm was calculated to be approximately 24 h in Arabidopsis and 36–48 h in poplar. Both species were able to convert Spd to Spm and Put, and Spm to Spd and Put. The rates of Spd and Spm catabolism in both species were several-fold slower than those of Put, and the overproduction of Put had only a small effect on the overall rates of turnover of Spd or Spm. There was little effect on the rates of Spd to Spm conversion as well as the conversion of Spm into lower polyamines. While Spm was mainly converted back to Spd and not terminally degraded, Spd was removed from the cells largely through terminal catabolism in both species.
CRYSTALLIZATION OF SODIUM NITRATE FROM ALUMINUM AND CESIUM CONTAINING LIQUORS

Abstract Present inventory of Hanford single shell tank waste is about 180,000 tons. More than 70%by weight of the tank waste are non-radioactive sodium nitrate. The paper presents an entirely different approach to pretreatment of Hanford radioactive waste stored in underground tanks. Instead of removing radionuclides, 137Cs in this case, from the bulk of the waste, this process selectively recovers the non-radioactive sodium salts from the waste by crystallization. It opens up a possible new way of looking at waste pretreatment. The feasibility teat has been done at the facility of Westinghouse Hanford Company. The result shows a potential of reclaim sodium nitrate with a total activity of less than 60 pCi/g The objective of the research is to develop and demonstrate a scaleable crystallization process to recover sodium nitrate from aluminum and cesium containing mother liquor. Per-pass crystal yields and separation factors as well as the effects of crystal size, slurry density, growth rate and mother li...
An Explanation for the Environmental Sensitivity of Ni3Al

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry has been used to study the distribution of elements in and near grain boundaries in boron-free and boron-doped Ni76Al24 alloys with and without ≈220 wt. ppm of deuterium. In boron-free alloys, sulfur was distributed about the grain boundaries in both deuterium- free and deuterium-charged samples. The distribution of deuterium followed that of sulfur and was segregated to grain boundaries. In the boron-doped material, sulfur was not found at most grain boundaries in the uncharged material, but was in the charged material. No deuterium was found at the grain boundaries in the boron-doped material. It is proposed that in the boron-free material it is the synergistic effect of sulfur and hydrogen that is responsible for the environmental sensitivity of this alloy. In boron-doped material, boron segregation to the grain boundary prevents sulfur, and to some extent hydrogen, segregating to the grain boundary.
Reliability level III method in design of square pillar resting on weak floor stratum

Current methods of design of pillars resting on weak floor strata involve only a deterministic, conventional safety factor calculation, based on material parameters treated as the mean values taken from observations. In a case where high parameters variability occurs, these methods may lead to fatal design errors resulting in excessive pillar settlement and roof falls. Therefore, to include the influence of parameters quality, the new approach based on reliability level III method was developed. Consideration was given to the identification of the system parameters importance, and to density function for the safety factor treated as a random variable. Design procedure involving floor probability of failure was illustrated by numerical examples.
In situ patterning of hierarchical nanoporous gold structures by in-plane dealloying

Abstract We report a novel in situ patterning method that generates hierarchical nanoporous gold (NPG) structures such as sub-micron NPG disks and microscale NPG patterns during dealloying for the first time. Our patterning method also enables the quantification of dealloying rate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) without the need for depth-resolving imaging modalities. As potential applications, we demonstrate that the hierarchical NPG dot arrays are effective for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), both are highly sensitive molecular sensing techniques.
Special Article: Death Anxiety Research: The State of the Art

Despite forty years of research in death attitudes, our understanding of the causes, correlates, and consequences of death related anxieties and fears remains less than comprehensive. However, clear gains have been made in the measurement of death concerns and competencies, leading to the development and validation of a handful of scales whose more extensive use could improve the conceptual yield of research in this area. In this article, I review these promising approaches to the assessment of death attitudes, as well as a number of theoretical, methodological, and practical issues surrounding their use. If investigators devote equal attention to the quality and quantity of future research, there is reason to hope that psychology could make a more profound and systematic contribution to our understanding of the human encounter with death.
Ultra-wideband Signal Propagation Experiments in Liquid Media

Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals exhibit different characteristics upon propagation through matter compared with narrowband signals. The latter keeping a sinusoidal shape during different forms of signal propagation. The behavior of narrowband signals does not apply to UWB signals in many cases. Presently, the possibilities for development of UWB signaling technology remain largely unexplored. Only a few applications have been developed due to strict regulations by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In this paper we describe a series of experiments that have been carried out to determine the behavior of UWB signals and their properties. A TEM horn antenna has been made for radiating UWB signals. Experiments on pulse propagation have been carried out including an application to detection of stationary metal objects. A high accuracy in detecting metal objects has been achieved. A procedure for propagating UWB signals through a liquid medium of given salt concentration has been demonstrated, providing a basis for studying UWB signal propagation in biological matter. A new pulsewidth definition was adopted which is suitable for UWB signal propagation.