cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Attention Based CNN Model for Emotion Intensity Prediction

Recently, classifying sentiment polarities or emotion categories of social media text has drawn extensive attentions from both academic and industrial communities. However, limited efforts have been paid for emotion intensity prediction problem. In this paper, we propose a novel attention mechanism for CNN model that associates attention based weights for every convolution window. Furthermore, a new activation function is incorporated into the full-connected layer, which can alleviate the small gradient problem in function’s saturated region. Experiment results on benchmark dataset show that our proposed model outperforms several strong baselines and achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art models. Unlike the reported models that used different neural network architectures for different emotion categories, our proposed model utilizes a unified architecture for intensity prediction.
Traumatic Events Are Associated with Diverse Psychological Symptoms in Typically-Developing Children

Childhood traumatic events are significant risk factors for psychopathology according to adult retrospective research; however, few studies examine trauma exposure and psychological symptoms in pre-adolescent children. Typically-developing children, aged 9–12 years (N = 114), were recruited from the community and selected from the Developmental Chronnecto-Genomics (Dev-CoG) study examining child development. Children completed questionnaires about traumatic life events, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, dissociation, anger, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Parents also completed internalizing and externalizing measures. The number of traumatic events significantly correlated with symptom severity across all child-report psychological measures, but surprisingly, trauma was not correlated with any parent-report scores. Follow-up analyses revealed a significant trauma effect for internalizing and externalizing behaviors according to child self-report, but not for parent-report measures. Results indicate that childhood trauma may be a non-specific risk factor for sub-clinical psychopathology in otherwise typically-developing children. Moreover, children appear to be the most appropriate reporters of their own psychological distress.
The Future of Medicine: The Past Cannot Be Changed. The Future Is in Your Power

The healthcare sector is ripe for disruption as healthcare expenditures account for an ever-increasing percentage of GDP. In this chapter, we discuss the theory behind technology adoption and then apply this theory to health care focusing on expected changes in clinical care, reimbursement, and payment models.
A Calcar Collar Is Protective Against Early Torsional/Spiral Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture: A Paired Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis

Background Periprosthetic fracture is a leading reason for readmission following total hip arthroplasty. Most of these fractures occur during the early postoperative period before bone ingrowth. Before ingrowth occurs, the femoral component can rotate relative to the femoral canal, causing a spiral fracture pattern. We sought to evaluate, in a paired cadaver model, whether the torsional load to fracture was higher in collared stems. The hypothesis was that collared stems have greater load to fracture under axial and torsional loads compared with collarless stems. Methods Twenty-two cadaveric femora (11 matched pairs) with a mean age of 77 ± 10.2 years (range, 54 to 90 years) were harvested. Following dissection, the femora were evaluated with use of a dual x-ray absorptiometry scanner and T scores were recorded. We utilized a common stem that is available with the same intraosseous geometry with and without a collar. For each pair, 1 femur was implanted with a collared stem and the contralateral femur was implanted with a collarless stem with use of a standard broaching technique. A compressive 68-kg load was applied to simulate body weight during ambulation. A rotational displacement was then applied until fracture occurred. Peak torque prior to fracture was measured with use of a torque meter load cell and data acquisition software. Results The median torque to fracture was 65.4 Nm for collared stems and 43.1 Nm for uncollared stems (p = 0.0014, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The median T score was -1.95 (range, -4.1 to -0.15). The median difference in torque to fracture was 29.18 Nm. As expected in each case, the mode of failure was a spiral fracture around the implant. Conclusions Collared stems seemed to offer a protective effect in torsional loading in this biomechanical model comparing matched femora. Clinical relevance These results may translate into a protective effect against early periprosthetic Vancouver B2 femoral fractures that occur before osseous integration has occurred.
Disabled movement beyond metaphor in Michael Ondaatje’s The Cat’s Table and Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea

This article offers a brief analysis of disability in relation to the Indian Ocean littoral, particularly in narratives related to migration and travel. It delineates a disciplinary gap between dis...
Metabolic multistability and hysteresis in a model aerobe-anaerobe microbiome community

Major changes in the microbiome are associated with health and disease. Some microbiome states persist despite seemingly unfavorable conditions, such as the proliferation of aerobe-anaerobe communities in oxygen-exposed environments in wound infections or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Mechanisms underlying transitions into and persistence of these states remain unclear. Using two microbial taxa relevant to the human microbiome, we combine genome-scale mathematical modeling, bioreactor experiments, transcriptomics, and dynamical systems theory to show that multistability and hysteresis (MSH) is a mechanism describing the shift from an aerobe-dominated state to a resilient, paradoxically persistent aerobe-anaerobe state. We examine the impact of changing oxygen and nutrient regimes and identify changes in metabolism and gene expression that lead to MSH and associated multi-stable states. In such systems, conceptual causation-correlation connections break and MSH must be used for analysis. Using MSH to analyze microbiome dynamics will improve our conceptual understanding of stability of microbiome states and transitions between states.
Synergistic and threshold effects of telework and residential location choice on travel time allocation.

Abstract Much of the literature shows a great interest in debating whether telework has a complementary or substitution effect on people’s travel demand. Relatively fewer studies analyze the modification effect of telework on individuals' activity-travel patterns. This study adopts a novel analytical approach to explore the influences of the duration of telework on sustainable travel. The empirical study builds upon a smartphone-based GPS travel survey conducted in the Puget Sound Region of Washington State. The merit of this research is twofold. We first investigate the threshold effects of the duration of telework and built environment characteristics on the shares of travel time spent riding public transit and engaging in active travel. The results can directly inform telework and land use policies. Then, we examine the synergistic effects of the duration of telework and the built environment on both travel outcomes. The findings suggest well-designed telework provisions could complement compact development policies aimed at shifting from automobile dependency to sustainable travel.
Drp1 Tubulates the ER in a GTPase-Independent Manner.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously grow, divide, and fuse. The division of mitochondria is crucial for human health. During mitochondrial division, the mechano-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) dynamin-related protein (Drp1) severs mitochondria at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites, where peripheral ER tubules interact with mitochondria. Here, we report that Drp1 directly shapes peripheral ER tubules in human and mouse cells. This ER-shaping activity is independent of GTP hydrolysis and located in a highly conserved peptide of 18 amino acids (termed D-octadecapeptide), which is predicted to form an amphipathic α helix. Synthetic D-octadecapeptide tubulates liposomes in vitro and the ER in cells. ER tubules formed by Drp1 promote mitochondrial division by facilitating ER-mitochondria interactions. Thus, Drp1 functions as a two-in-one protein during mitochondrial division, with ER tubulation and mechano-GTPase activities.
Working Toward Linguistically and Culturally Responsive Math Teaching through a Year-Long Urban Teacher Training Program for English Learners

This qualitative study examined how participating in-service teachers demonstrated linguistically and culturally responsive mathematical teaching (LCRMT) competences after they completed a year-long National Professional Development Program grant-funded project. A two-dimensional LCRMT framework was developed to measure participating teachers’ mathematical and mathematics-related competences. The qualitative data source was from three in-service teachers’ observations and interviews. The interview and observation data were analyzed using open and axial coding and activity systems. Three themes emerged: 1) mathematics-related content teaching practices, 2) tools to support mathematics learning, and 3) teachers’ mindsets and attitudes towards English Learner (EL) teaching. The researchers then compared verbatim examples using activity systems to examine the following research question: How did participating urban in-service teachers apply linguistically and culturally responsive mathematics teaching competences for ELs learned at a university EL teacher training program to their actual mathematics teaching in the classroom? The results, in general, indicated that the urban in-service teachers demonstrated improvement of LCRMT strategies that they used in their actual mathematics teaching after they completed the university training. However, challenges in the areas of mathematical discourse competences and teachers’ sociocultural beliefs toward ELs revealed the need for ongoing professional support.
Carrier Lifetime of Au-Hyperdoped Ge using Terahertz Spectroscopy

Gold-hyperdoped germanium extends the photodetection beyond the cut-off wavelength of germanium into the infrared wavelengths. Ion implantation followed by pulsed-laser melting process makes a single crystal material with ultrahigh dopant concentrations. The laser parameters influence the dopant's atomic position which leads to different light absorption and carrier transport properties. Time resolved terahertz spectroscopy is used to evaluate the charge carrier lifetime which gives an insight into the defect energetics and atomic location.
"It's Not in Your Head": Gaslighting, 'Splaining, Victim Blaming, and Other Harmful Reactions to Microaggressions.

Secondary microaggressions refer to the ways in which people of historically dominant groups negate the realities of people of marginalized groups. Gaslighting describes the act of manipulating oth...
Analysis of ILS receiver output data and comparison to U.S. flight inspection tolerances

ICAO Annex 10 contains the integrity and continuity requirements for instrument landing systems (ILS) ground systems. Service providers are required to demonstrate that systems offered for operational service comply with these requirements. This includes an assessment of integrity and an evaluation of continuity of service as part of the initial certification and activities to guarantee continued compliance over the life-cycle of the system. In assessing integrity, the signals are monitored to ensure that performance is within the requirements established by ICAO. In the United States the vertical and horizontal guidance signals provided by the ILS are also verified by the Federal Aviation Administration Flight Inspection. Extensive ground and flight tests are made to ensure that all parameters of the radiated signal are compliant with ICAO Annex 10. Flight inspection aircraft fly specific flight profiles and measure the radiated signal. The measured data is then compared to the radiated signal requirements. The signal requirements, which are known as tolerance limits, are also dependent on the category of flight. This paper details the various flight profiles used to evaluate the radiated signal. In addition, the requirements and the analysis techniques are provided.
Paradigms and Cultures

. Self-interest, start-up costs, sunk costs and network externalities are mooted as factors inhibiting the introduction and adoption of new ways of thinking in economics and society. In spite of the possibility of Pareto improvements, even in the sort of doctoral research that is done, experimental evidence supports the view that once in place a paradigm or culture will tend to remain in place.
An object-oriented prototype of a pyramid architecture for computer vision

The author describes a working software prototype of a pyramid architecture, known as the SCOOP (Southern California Object-Oriented Prototype) pyramid, to investigate its use and effectiveness in computer vision. The results demonstrate that the pyramid architecture is an effective architecture for a wide range of computer vision tasks. An object-oriented methodology for modeling the individual processors and ports is used. The method of modeling and constructing the prototype is shown to be efficient and flexible. The results for segmentation are presented. Implications of these results are discussed as well as the advantages of using this method of modeling to examine alternative architectures. >
The Benefits of Student Research in Information Systems Security Education

Abstract : In ten to fifteen years, computers will be even more ubiquitous than they are today. Computer security will remain an important hidden factor in maintaining personal privacy, enterprise competitiveness, and national security Academe will need new teachers to conduct research and lead students into the unknown. Industry will need individuals who can address enterprise-level information systems security problems. Research-based academic efforts foster the atmosphere in which we can nurture those individuals who will create the future.
Nonspecific Factors in Resistance of Mice to Experimental Tuberculosis

Youmans, Guy P. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Anne S. Youmans. Nonspecific factors in resistance of mice to experimental tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 90:1675–1681. 1965.—In contrast to viable attenuated mycobacterial cells, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not produce an acute pulmonary granulomatous response in mice, did not decrease the tolerance of mice to early subsequent intravenous injections of viable attenuated mycobacterial cells, nor did it increase susceptibility to tuberculous infection when injected simultaneously with virulent mycobacterial cells. When the injection of E. coli LPS was followed by the intravenous injection of virulent mycobacterial cells, there was a moderate increase in resistance to tuberculous infection which was maximal 7 to 14 days after the LPS injection. The degree of increased resistance to tuberculous infection was approximately the same as that produced by nearly maximal tolerated doses of heat-killed attenuated mycobacterial cells, and to that produced by a trichloroacetic acid extract of heat-killed attenuated mycobacterial cells. It is suggested that the major, if not entire, immunizing component of heat-killed attenuated mycobacterial cells resides in a heat-stable “nonspecific” component. A “multiple response” theory of immunity to tuberculosis is proposed.
Static and Dynamic Vortex Phases in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

Simultaneous magnetization, resistivity, and {ital I}-{ital V} measurements on YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} show the relationship of the thermodynamic and dynamic behavior near the vortex lattice melting line. We find a coexistence region of solid and liquid at melting, with a first order magnetization jump which is independent of the vortex velocity. Sudden jumps and time dependent hysteresis of the {ital I}-{ital V} curve in the vortex solid phase are interpreted as a relaxation-pinning effect. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Separation of the bovine colostrum M-1 glycoprotein into two components

1. Two glycoproteins were isolated from the M-1 acid glycoprotein fraction of bovine colostrum. 2. The lighter glycoprotein had a molecular weight of 7200, contained about 28·4% of carbohydrate, and had an absorption maximum at 275nm. The heavier glycoprotein had a molecular weight of 12000, contained 39·0% of carbohydrate, and had no absorption maxima in the 240–300nm. range of the spectrum. 3. The carbohydrate moiety of both glycoproteins was removable from the polypeptide moiety under the conditions of the β-elimination reaction. 4. Periodate oxidation experiments showed that sialic acid was linked to galactose in both proteins.
Gene Targeting by Homologous Recombination

Gene targeting by homologous recombination involves the exchange of genetic information between genomic and exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules via crossover events. These exchanges are guided by homologous sequences acted on by enzymatic machinery of the cell. Homologous recombination provides a mechanism for targeting defined modifications into genes of interest, making gene-targeting technologies valuable tools to explore gene function and to develop human, genetic disease models. Gene targeting, however, is inefficient, making the process challenging. Advances in technology now allow us to direct repair enzymes to the targeted site by inducing site-specific DNA damage using zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and triplex-forming oligonucleotides. Further, antirecombinogenic pathways can now be transiently suppressed using ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference (RNAi) and other small molecule approaches. These and other techniques can greatly enhance gene-targeting efficiency. The coincident development of human stem cell technology brings forth the potential of gene-targeting strategies for therapeutic application. Key Concepts: Homology-directed gene targeting utilises homologous recombination to introduce defined modifications into sequences of interest in mammalian genomes. Gene-targeted knockout and knock-in models are instrumental in elucidating gene function and studying human genetic diseases. Combining stem cell and gene-targeting technologies opens potential avenues for gene therapy. Recent technological advances have greatly enhanced gene-targeting efficiencies. Due to technological advances, most genes in a variety of mammalian species can now be manipulated by homology-directed gene targeting. Keywords: homologous recombination; gene targeting; gene therapy; random integration; site-specific recombinase; models of human disease; gene-targeting efficiency
Diazepam inhibits neurulation through its action on myosin-containing microfilaments in early chick embryos.

Abstract 1. 1. Diazepam (Valium/Roche) inhibited the morphogenesis of explanted stage 8 chick embryos in a dose-related manner. 2. 2. Diazepam, at concn of 400–500 Mg/ml, preferentially inhibited closure of the neural tube. This inhibition was accompanied by a significant reduction in myosin content of the developing neuroepithelium. 3. 3. Diazepam can be used as a probe to study the contributory role of myosin in cellular and morphogenetic movements.
Spreading the Word: The Role of Surrogates in Charismatic Leadership Processes

By integrating a social networks perspective with charismatic leadership theory, we attempt to explain how charismatic perceptions of leaders spread among distant followers through third-party individuals (surrogates). We propose a mediated model considering how individuals engage in surrogate behavior (promoting the leader, defending the leader, and modeling followership) that increases charismatic perceptions among distant followers. We consider the behaviors associated with this role, as well as antecedents and moderators that may explain motivation to engage in the role and effectiveness of the role in influencing followers.
Application of Simons-Parr-Finlan expansions to ab initio force fields for bent AB2 molecules

(1979). Application of Simons-Parr-Finlan expansions to ab initio force fields for bent AB2 molecules. Molecular Physics: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 659-663.
Antagonism of naloxone hyperalgesia by ethanol.

Abstract Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 per group) received 1.25 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) in saline or saline alone i.p. and either saline, 0.1, or 2.0 mg/kg naloxone HC1 (NAL) s.c. five min later. Beginning 15 min after the second injection, rats received five noncontingent 0.5 sec footshocks at each of three intensities (0.6, 0.8, 1.3 mA) in a random order on a variable time 1 min schedule. The amplitude of the startle response, number of audible vocalizations, and extent of overt movements were recorded. EtoH significantly reduced startle response amplitude and overt movements at 0.8 and 1.3 mA; NAL failed to antagonize these indices of EtOH analgesia. NAL was itself without effect upon overt movements but significantly increased startle response amplitude and vocalizations at 1.3 mA. EtOH prevented these NAL-induced increases but this does not appear attributable to ethanol's analgesic or motoric effects. Possible mechanisms of ethanol's effects upon endorphin systems are considered.
Partial breast radiation for early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is to provide an update on the current status of partial breast irradiation (PBI) for women presenting with early-stage breast cancer, as an alternate radiation technique to fractionated, whole breast radiation, following conservation surgery. As more women are asking for and receiving this treatment, both on and off protocols, understanding recent additions to the literature is important to physicians caring for this patient population. RECENT FINDINGS Newly published retrospective studies, with follow-up times out to 10 years and the status of both recently completed and still open large prospective phase III trials will be covered, with emphasis on unexpected side effects reported, and some hypothesis-generating radiobiology observations. A recent consensus treatment guideline for PBI use is also discussed. SUMMARY Selected retrospective studies continue to report outcomes matching those achieved with whole breast radiation; however, results from large prospective randomized trials comparing PBI to whole breast radiation have been reported only with short follow-up times, or in two studies, are still pending. A recent consensus guideline is useful at present in selecting patients for discussion of this treatment.
Discriminative enumeration of mixed anisometric cell populations by an electronic counter.

Discussion and conclusionsThe results presented above show that the selective counting of one or the other of 2 cell types, differing with respect to volume present in the same suspension, is possible with the aid of an electronic counter. This is accomplished by electronically screening out smaller or larger cells from the desired counting interval. From knowledge of the proportion of cells expected to be present within the limits of that counting interval, the total number of cells of a particular type present can be computed. The applicability of this discriminative counting procedure depends in large part on sufficient volume differences among the cell populations present. In the event the cell volumes closely overlap when present as mixtures the counter would be unable to resolve them into distinct populations. In the present studies, a tissue culture line of Lewis rat tumor cells having a size distribution of 12.5–24 μ in diameter could be selectively counted when present in suspensions containing a...
Serotonergic and serotonin-synthesizing cells of the Xenopus retina.

It has been shown previously that a subclass of OFF-center bipolar cell in the Xenopus retina contains endogenous serotonin which can be released upon depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner. Based on single- and double labeling immunocytochemical experiments, this study provides evidence that these bipolar cells acquire their “endogenous” serotonin from another retinal source. The primary candidates for this source in the Xenopus retina are large soma amacrine cells which are the only cellular elements containing the necessary enzymatic pathway for serotonin synthesis.
The impact of aeromedical helicopter programs on emergency medicine resident training: Resident attitudes, perceived risks, and benefits

Abstract Using emergency medicine residents as helicopter flight physicians is a recent evolution in residency training. In an effort to study the impact such a system has on residents in emergency medicine, residents participating in helicopter transport were surveyed at 10 programs in the United States. The potential survey field was 118 residents with (81%) responding. Generally helicopter transport was perceived to be educational (80%), enjoyable (88%), and safe (74%). A total of 75% felt that benefits of transport outweighed the risks, despite an increase in aeromedical helicopter fatalities in 1985. In six of ten programs residents wore shoulder restraints, in two they wore helmets, and in no program were fire-retardant clothing worn on a regular basis. Of the 72 residents involved in mandatory participation, 69% would continue flying in a voluntary system. Although it is clear that selected patients benefit from aeromedical transports, refined triage protocols as well as further studies to identify the costs and benefits of such transport programs to participating emergency medicine residents are needed. Flight safety equipment including helmets, shoulder-harness restraints, and fire-retardant suits are underutilized at all programs surveyed.
A study of resistant staphylococci in university of Pennsylvania dental students

Abstract 1. 1. A technique for the survey of a population for the presence of antibioticresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus has been presented. 2. 2. The application of this technique to the University of Pennsylvania dental student population was also reviewed. 3. 3. An increase in the percentage of carriers of antibiotic-resistant strains between the first- and fourth-year classes was demonstrated. 4. 4. No significant increase in active states since entering school was observed. 5. 5. No relationship was observable between the carrier and the active states or between hospitalization and the carrier state. 6. 6. The possibility of a definitive relationship between the duration of exposure to the school environment and the incidence of the carrier state has been discussed.
The role of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

The effect of chlorethylclonidine on α1-adrenoceptor subtypes and arterial blood pressure has been evaluated. Chlorethylclonidine significantly reduced the α1-adrenoceptor population. Chlorethylclonidine treatment had no significant effect on resting systematic arterial blood pressure or heart rate and shifted the phenylephrine pressor dose-response curve only 2.4-fold to the right. These data suggest that only one of the α1-adrenoceptor subtypes plays a major role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure.
Glutamate-induced fastigial pressor response in the dog

Abstract This study indicates that orthodromic pathways emanating from the fastigial nucleus are responsible for the pressor/tachycardia response observed with electrical stimulation of the nucleus. The fastigial presser response was obtained electrically using bipolar electrodes. l -glutamate, which activates only cell bodies, was then injected into the nucleus through the hollow electrode. A slowly-rising pressor response and vagal-mediated bradycardia resulted. On the basis of: (1) dye diffusion studies; (2) the time course of events and similarity to the electrical response;(3) comparison with direct injections into the fourth ventricle; and (4) glutamate injections into adjacent cerebellar tissue, it was concluded that the response emanated from the fastigial nucleus. Electrophysiological studies on cat spinal cord confirmed that the technique of injecting relatively large amounts of glutamate into nuclei activates cell bodies and not axons.
An efficient parallel algorithm for updating minimum spanning trees

Abstract A new parallel algorithm for updating the minimum spanning tree of an n -vertex graph following the addition of a new vertex is presented. The algorithm runs in O(log n ) time using O( n ) processors on a concurrent-read-exclusive-write parallel random access machine. The algorithm is superior to previous algorithms on this model, that either obtain O(log n ) time performance using O( n 2 ) processors, or employ O( n ) processors but have a time complexity of O(log 2 n ).
On drug treatment and social control: Russian narcology's great leap backwards

The medical discipline of narcology in Russia is a subspecialty of psychiatry from the Soviet era and it is given warrant to define the scope of health activities with regard to alcohol and other drug use, drug users, and related problems. Narcological practice is in turn constrained by the State. The emergence of widespread injection opiate use and associated HIV morbidities and mortalities during the first decade following the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought the contradictions in Russian narcological discourse into high relief. Narcology officials in the Russian Federation have consistently opposed substitution treatment for opiate dependence – the replacement of a short-acting illegal substance with a longer acting prescribed drug with similar pharmacological action but lower degree of risk. Thus, despite the addition of methadone and buprenorphine to WHO's list of essential medicines in 2005 and multiple position papers by international experts calling for substitution treatment as a critical element in the response to HIV (IOM, 2006; UNODC, UNAIDS, and WHO, 2005), methadone or buprenorphine remain prohibited by law in Russia.
What Is Known About Dementia Care Recipient Violence and Aggression Against Caregivers

Aggression is a known behavior in dementia, but there is little in the literature about risk to home-based caregivers in situations where severe aggression is present. This article examines this issue with a focus on what is known and where further research is needed. Rates of severe aggression by dementia care recipients against caregivers are estimated at greater than 20%, and may be the strongest predictor of nursing home placement. Measures containing both assessment of behavior and objective measures of caregiver trauma are needed, along with interventions aimed at educating and protecting caregivers while respecting communicative properties of behavior.
Intercountry inequalities in income and basic- needs indicators: A recent perspective

Abstract Large crosscountry samples are used to compute intercountry inequalities in income and three indicators of basic-needs fulfillment. First, the familiar picture of high intercountry inequality in income coexisting with low inequality in basic-needs indicators is reaffirmed for the 1980s. Second, income inequality seems to have continued its increasing trend. Third, however, while the pace of increase in inequality in conventional GDP per capita has accelerated, accentuation of inequality in “real” GDP per capita has slowed. Fourth, inequality in basic-needs indicators continues to decline. Last, caution is urged in interpreting the very low values observed for some indices of inequality in basic-needs fulfillment during the 1980s.
Glucocorticoid inhibition of leptin- and lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production in obesity

Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory condition that enhances the risk of numerous inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Glucocorticoids (GCs) and synthetic therapeutic GCs are anti-inflammatory agents, but the exact functions of GCs in obesity-related inflammation are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of an exogenous GC (dexamethasone, DEX) on leptin- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ex vivo in obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. Blood samples were drawn from 14 obese (BMI>30 kg/m(2)) and 14 normal-weight (BMI<25 kg/m(2)) subjects. Plasma cortisol, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were quantified. Subjects' PBMCs (1×10(6) cells/mL) were isolated and cultured with leptin (18.75 and 250 ng/mL) or LPS (10ng/mL) in the presence of DEX (0, 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) M), a synthetic GC, for 24 h; IL-6 levels and GC sensitivity (IC50) were assessed in the cultured supernatants. No differences in the plasma cortisol levels were found between the two groups. We found that obese subjects showed greater leptin- and LPS-induced IL-6 production compared to normal-weight subjects. The suppressive effect of DEX on leptin- and LPS-induced IL-6 production (IC50) was not different between the two groups. However, the IC50 of DEX for LPS-induced was correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference. These findings suggest that reduced GC sensitivity may be an important mechanism in the up-regulation of selected obese inflammation.
A similarity solution for slow viscous flow down an inclined plane

A similarity solution is found for the distribution of layer thickness in viscous source flow down an inclined plane. With this soldion a t lowest order, an asymptotic expansion in inverse powers of the downstream co-ordinate x allows a small correction for upstream influence. A simple experiment confirms the major features of the similarity solution: (i) a parabolic cross-stream variation in the layer thickness; (ii) spreading of the flow according to an ; and (iv) surface velocities which vary as the square of the layer thickness. Deviations of the layer-thickness measurements from the parabolic profile follow the trend predicted by the first-order corrections, whereas systematically high measured values are explained qualitatively in terms of waves at the free surface.
Strategy and structure in conversational influence attempts

Discourse analytic research has treated the communicative and sequential properties of conversational influence attempts (CIAs) independently. This study assembles evidence that the communicative properties of a variety of act‐types in CIA episodes can be placed on a continuum according to the degree to which the act‐type is dissociated from the illocutionary force of a request. Conversationalists’ assignment of any utterance to a place on this continuum is inherently problematic, being a matter of fallible assessment of mutual contextual knowledge. This continuum and its problematic application in conversation provides an integrated account of a variety of previously fragmented sequential patterns of CIAs.
A Librarian's Experience with Six Sigma® Tools

ABSTRACT Hospitals are initiating quality improvement projects in their hospitals. Librarians can utilize many of these tools to improve the quality of their department(s) and to promote projects from the library. This article reviews the use of some Six Sigma® quality improvement process tools to enhance the quality of the library.
Antihypertensive Therapy with Isradipine in Patients with Special Safety Concerns

Treatment of hypertension in the complicated patient requires a specialized approach focusing on the treatment of the blood pressure and concurrent medical problems. Therapy must be chosen in consideration of the patient's age, multiple illnesses, declining organ function, and possible drug interactions. This requires that the antihypertensive agent chosen have a demonstrated safe profile.In clinical trials, monotherapy with the calcium channel blocker (CCB) isradipine (ISR) at a recommended therapeutic dosage has controlled blood pressure with an excellent level of safety. In these studies, ISR had no significant effect on heart rate, cardiac conduction, or cardiac contractility and no negative effect on renal function. In hypertensive patients with both normal and impaired renal function, ISR significantly increased renal plasma flow while decreasing renal vascular resistance without decreasing glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. ISR has long-term natriuretic effects that may provide add...
Nurses’ response to frequency and types of electrocardiography alarms in a non-critical care setting: A descriptive study

Abstract Background An important role of the registered nurse is to identify patient deterioration by monitoring the patient condition and vital signs. Increasingly, this is supplemented with continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. Continuous monitoring is inefficient in identifying deterioration because of the high number of false and nuisance alarms. Lack of strong evidence or formal guidelines for the care of patients receiving ECG monitoring has led clinicians to rely too heavily on this technology without consideration of its limitations. The nursing workload associated with alarm management remains unexamined. Objective To describe nurses' routine practices related to continuous ECG monitoring, frequency and types of alarms, their associated nursing interventions, and the impact on the patient's plan of care. Methods Design . Prospective, descriptive, observational study. Setting and participants . Between January 2011 and March 2011 we observed nine Registered Nurses providing care for patients receiving continuous ECG monitoring in non-critical care areas. The PI and two research assistants observed each nurse for two 3-h observation periods and recorded data on a researcher designed observation tool. At the end of each observation period, the observers printed the alarm events as recorded by the central monitoring computer. Results Nurses responded to 46.8% of all alarms. During the observation period, there were no dysrhythmia adverse events. One patient had a change in condition requiring transfer to a higher level of care. A range of nursing interventions occurred in response to alarms. Conclusion Nurses routine practices related to monitoring continue to reveal gaps in practice related to alarm management. Observations of practice also revealed the difficulties and complexities of managing alarm systems and the range of nursing interventions associated with managing alarms.
Genetic service providers' practices and attitudes regarding adolescent genetic testing for carrier status.

Purpose: To characterize current practices and attitudes regarding testing adolescents for carrier status. Methods: Electronic survey of 294 genetic service providers from various professional organizations. Testing for predisposition and presymptomatic conditions was excluded from this study. Results: Eighty-three percent of providers had received requests to test adolescents for carrier status. Of these, 84% have performed testing. Providers cited adolescent desire, sexual activity/pregnancy, and adolescent competence as the main reasons for testing. Some providers who performed testing found the current guidelines unhelpful. Conclusion: Testing adolescents for carrier status is common for at least some conditions. The guidelines regarding genetic testing of adolescents may need to be updated to reflect current concerns and practices.
Environmental Effects of Large Impacts on Mars

The martian valley networks formed near the end of the period of heavy bombardment of the inner solar system, about 3.5 billion years ago. The largest impacts produced global blankets of very hot ejecta, ranging in thickness from meters to hundreds of meters. Our simulations indicated that the ejecta warmed the surface, keeping it above the freezing point of water for periods ranging from decades to millennia, depending on impactor size, and caused shallow subsurface or polar ice to evaporate or melt. Large impacts also injected steam into the atmosphere from the craters or from water innate to the impactors. From all sources, a typical 100-, 200-, or 250-kilometers asteroid injected about 2, 9, or 16 meters, respectively, of precipitable water into the atmosphere, which eventually rained out at a rate of about 2 meters per year. The rains from a large impact formed rivers and contributed to recharging aquifers.
Consolidation and crystallization of Si3N4/SiC nanocomposites from a poly(urea–silazane) ceramic precursor

Controlled pyrolysis of polymer ceramic precursors provides a new way of obtaining silicon nitride ceramics with high creep resistance. In this study, crack-free bulk amorphous Si–N–C materials were produced by warm-pressing followed by pyrolysis or alternatively by prepyrolysis and binding followed by pyrolysis. Amorphous compacts were then heat-treated at different temperatures to promote crystallization. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed that, at about 1650 °C, silicon nitride/silicon carbide nanocomposites with a high degree crystallinity can be achieved with grain sizes of about 30 nm. Aside from heterogeneous crystallization, which is closely related to gaseous phase reactions that happen along outer or inner surfaces, homogenous crystallization is responsible for crystallization of the bulk material. Although a certain amount of amorphous Si–N–C usually remains in intergranular regions, clean boundaries free of amorphous interlayers can be observed between grains when they come into contact.
Turbulence measurements in a transonic boundary layer and free-shear flow using laser velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry techniques

Quantitative measurements of the turbulence fluctuations in velocity and mass flux have been obtained in Mach 0.6 and 0.8 turbulent boundary layer and free-shear layer flows by laser velocimetry and hot-wire anemometry techniques. To evaluate the effects of compressibility, these transonic data are compared to available incompressible and supersonic results. Based on some simplifying assumptions, estimates of the rms density fluctuations are made for which error bounds are given. In addition to these fluctuation data, the compressible mean velocity data obtained with the laser velocimeter are presented and compared to pitot tube results. The investigation was conducted in the Ames 6- by 6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.6 and 0.8 for a unit Reynolds number of about 10,000,000 per meter.
Impact of caching and MAC overheads on routing performance in ad hoc networks

We consider an on-demand routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks that uses route caching aggressively. We show that stale routes in the caches and medium access control (MAC) overhead for replies from caches can degrade performance significantly, so much so that relative performance is much better without using replies from cache. We analyze these problems in a series of evaluation steps, usually looking at both routing and MAC layer performances together. We suggest several mechanisms to address the stale cache problem and also suggest a change in the MAC layer interface to reduce the MAC overhead. The combination of these techniques improves the relative performance of cached replies. Apart from improving performance of the routing protocol, this work serves as a case study where an analysis spanning multiple layers was necessary to identify the performance bottlenecks in a wireless network.
Prediction of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO 3 /EuO(001) interface

First-principles calculations predict the existence of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the LaO/EuO interface in a ${\text{LaAlO}}_{3}/\text{EuO}(001)$ heterostructure. This polar interface favors electron doping into the $\text{Eu-}5d$ conduction bands resulting in a 2DEG formed at the interface. Due to the exchange splitting of the $\text{Eu-}5d$ states, the 2DEG is spin polarized below the Curie temperature of EuO. The predicted mechanism for the formation of a spin-polarized 2DEG at the interface between polar and ferromagnetic insulators may provide a robust magnetism of the 2DEG which is interesting for spintronics applications.
Variations on a hypercube: Embellishments of parallel architectures

The binary hypercube is one of the most widely used interconnection networks in parallel computer architectures. However, it does not express explicitly all of the topological features occuring in real parallel systems. A first step toward this goal is presented here by combining a hypercube with other graphs. The resulting deeper insight allows a more precise modeling and analysis of real architectures. The binary operations include Cartesian product, composition of edges, corona, and join.
Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3: case report, review, and definition of a phenotype

Interstitial deletions of 3q have, to our knowledge, been reported in only four patients. We present an additional patient with interstitial deletion of 3q, with breakpoints at 3q23 and 3q25. The patient was small for gestational age and had a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome including microcephaly; unusual facial appearance with bilateral microphthalmia, blepharophimosis, and ptosis; ventricular septal defect; and bilateral clubfeet. Comparison between the clinical and cytogenetic findings of the present case and those of previously reported cases suggests that a recognizable phenotype may be associated with deletions of 3q2.
Metaphor and Totem: Exploring and evaluating prior experiential learning

The evaluation and recognition of prior experiential learning is now well established. A significant issue in such evaluations has been the centrality of the learner and his/her empowerment in the educational process. However, most models of evaluation require equivalency between the unique experiences of the subject and existing course analogues. In these models evaluation is based on metaphor, on finding varying degrees of similarity between the experience being assessed and currently existing academic structures. The present paper calls for a richer perspective to be taken in assessing prior experiential learning with particular interest being seen in the notion of totemism as characterised by anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss. A replacement of metaphor by totemism may restore power, ownership and centrality of the experience to the candidate for assessment, while allowing evaluators an opportunity to engage in a novel but authentic articulation of the underlying academic equivalency of the experience.
Relationships among Gender, Sex-Role Attitudes, Sexual Attitudes, Thoughts, and Behaviors:

The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are differences among sex-role attitudes, sexual attitudes, and behavior of men and women. The Attitudes towards Women scale and the Sexua...