cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induced Emergence of Pear Thrips for Population Monitoring in Forest Soil

Pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens, adults overwinter in the soil and emerge in spring when soil temperatures reach ≈5–7°C. Earlier emergence can be induced at 10–25°C. When forest soils are sampled in December and held at 25°C, >98% of the thrips adults emerged within 25 d. The numbers of thrips obtained by induced emergence were similar to those collected in emergence traps in the spring. The number of thrips that emerge in spring is correlated with the resultant damage to sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh. This induced emergence method can be used by growers to monitor thrips populations, forecast damage and make decisions regarding their future forest management practices.
Baers in Congenital Hydrocephalus

Brainstem auditory evoked responses were studied in 20 children with congenital hydrocephalus before and after shunt surgery at the Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
Chapter 73 – 1999 Multimodal Communication

The use of more than one sensory mode for a signal, such as communicating the same message simultaneously by both sight and sound, reinforces the message and provides redundancy in case communication in one of the modes is compromised.
Sulfur Dioxide Management during Aging Is an Important Factor for the Development of Rosé Wine Color

Summary Goals: The goal of this project was to determine the impact of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and berry maturity on the color of Syrah rose wines through fermentation and accelerated aging. This project also set out to determine the best method for measuring potential color of rose wines by measuring anthocyanin bound to SO 2 . Key Findings: Acetaldehyde was found to be the most suitable reagent for reacting with SO 2 bound to anthocyanin and releasing “potential color” of rose wines. Color in rose wines was affected by fruit maturity and decreased during fermentation. SO 2 treatment had no impact on rose color by the end of fermentation. During aging, absorbance at 520 nm increased over time and was affected by fruit maturity and SO 2 treatment. Final absorbance at 520 nm after eight weeks of accelerated aging was accurately predicted by a reaction with acetaldehyde prior to aging. When analyzed with tristimulus color measurements, fruit maturity and SO 2 content affected visual intensity of red and yellow hue over time. Impact and Significance: This study provides winemakers with tools to measure apparent and potential color in rose wines. In both 22 and 24 Brix fruit, wines retained only 38 and 27%, respectively, of the initial color by the end of fermentation. The level of SO 2 added to wine had no impact on postfermentation color, but levels of SO 2 added prior to aging did impact long-term color. The potential for a rose wine to darken over time was influenced by how much color the wine initially had, and SO 2 concentrations had a larger impact on color development in wines with more color initially.
Social determinants of stage IV anal cancer and the impact of pelvic radiotherapy in the metastatic setting

Anal cancer is a relatively rare malignancy, and a minority of patients present with metastatic disease in the United States. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify factors associated with metastatic disease at presentation and evaluate the role of pelvic radiotherapy in these patients. The NCDB was queried for patients with squamous cell cancer of the anus diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Patients were stratified by clinical stage at diagnosis, and a binary logistic regression model was created to identify factors associated with metastatic disease at diagnosis. A secondary metastatic cohort was generated and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was created to identify factors associated with improved survival. To validate findings, propensity-score matching was performed to generate a 1:1 paired dataset stratified by receipt of pelvic radiotherapy. The primary analysis cohort consisted of 28,500 patients. Facility location, male gender, and lack of insurance were confirmed as independent risk factors for metastatic disease. The metastatic cohort consisted of 1264 patients. Multivariable analysis confirmed female sex, possession of a private or Medicare insurance plan, pelvic radiotherapy, and chemotherapy as independent predictors of improved survival. A propensity-score matched cohort of 730 patients was generated. The median survival was 17.6 months in patients who received radiotherapy versus 14.5 months in those who did not (P < 0.01). In this cohort, male gender and lack of insurance were associated with metastatic disease at presentation. Furthermore, a significant benefit was associated with the use of pelvic radiotherapy. Future prospective research is warranted to confirm these findings.
A formula relevant to functions meromorphic in an angle and its applications

I. The formula referred to in the title is (I) below. The usefulness of the formula is based on the fact that it relates the value of a meromorphic function f(z) at a point of a sector to integrals of log If(z) I over arcs in this sector. Since such integrals are very directly related to the quantities considered in the Nevanlinna theory, the formula is easier to use than the usual Green's function formula for functions meromorphie in a sector which involves integrals of log Ifl along the boundary of the sector. An essentially equivalent formula was used by V. P. Petrenko in his proof of Paley's Conjecture [3]. By casting out some terms that were negligible for his purpose Petrenko actually complicated his proof, the complete formula (I) can be proved quite simply. Petrenko's Formula. Let f(z) b emeromorphic i_~n
Ni-Doping Effects on Oxygen Removal from an Orthorhombic Mo2C (001) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the effect of Ni dopants on the removal of chemisorbed oxygen (O*) from the Mo-terminated (TMo) and C-terminated (TC) Mo2C(001) surfaces. The removal of adsorbed oxygen from the catalytic site is essential to maintain the long-term activity and selectivity of the carbide catalysts in the deoxygenation process related to bio-oil stabilization and upgrading. In this contribution, the computed reaction energetics and reaction barriers of O* removal were compared among undoped and Ni-doped Mo2C(001) surfaces. The DFT calculations indicate that selected Ni-doped surfaces such as Ni adsorbed on TMo and TC Mo2C(001) surfaces enable weaker binding of important reactive intermediates (O*, OH*) compared to the undoped counterparts, which is beneficial for the O* removal from the catalyst surface. This study thus confirms the promoting effect of the Ni dopant on O* removal reaction on the TMo Mo2C(001) and TC Mo2C(001) surfaces. This computational...
The Role of Negative Emotions and Emotion Regulation on Self-Regulated Learning with MetaTutor

Self-regulated learning (SRL) and emotion regulation have been studied as separate constructs which impact students’ learning with intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). There is a general assumption that students who are proficient in enacting cognitive and metacognitive SRL processes during learning with ITSs are also proficient emotion regulators. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between metacognitive and cognitive SRL processes and emotion regulation by examining students’ self-perceived emotion regulation strategies and comparing the differences between their (1) mean self-reported negative emotions, (2) proportional learning gains (PLGs), and the frequency of (3) metacognitive and (4) cognitive strategy use as they interacted with MetaTutor, an ITS designed to teach students about the circulatory system. Students were classified into groups based on self-perceived emotion regulation strategies and results showed students who perceived themselves as using adaptive emotion regulation strategies reported less negative emotions. Although no significant differences were found between the groups’ learning outcomes, there were significant differences between the groups’ frequency use of cognitive and metacognitive processes throughout the task. Our results emphasize the need to better understand how real-time emotion regulation strategies relate to SRL processes during learning with ITSs and can be used to enhance learning outcomes by encouraging adaptive emotion regulation strategies as well as increased frequencies of metacognitive and cognitive SRL processes.
The Role of Hormones in the Development of Human Breast Cancer

It has been long suspected that endocrine factors play a promoting or contributory role in the genesis of human breast cancer. Since growth of normal breast tissue is influenced by the hormonal environment, it seemed reasonable to suspect that growth of neoplastic breast tissue could be similarly influenced by the hormonal milieu. Carcinoma of the breast thus represents one of an intriguing class of cancers arising in target tissues which normally respond to hormonal influences. In humans, such hormone-dependent cancers include also those of the prostate, thyroid, endometrium, and possibly kidney.
Educational Policy, Mechanisms for the Development of

Discussions of education policy mechanisms have typically focused on the broad array of institutions that influence and enact policy aimed at changing or regulating patterns of practice and governance in schools, classrooms, and supporting organizations. However, as education policy has gained greater prominence on national agendas and the institutions that produce it have grown more diverse, the notion of ‘policy mechanism’ has expanded to include the governmental and nongovernmental institutions that formulate policy, as well as the ideas, interests, and strategies that shape the options policy makers have at their disposal. This article examines both the institutions that develop education policy, and the sources that give content to those policies.
Data Types, Operators, and Functions

C is a strongly typed language that demands a specific programmer-supplied data type for every variable name used in a program. We have already used several different data types in the programs presented in Chapter 2. In this section, we will give a more detailed description of data types. C supports basic data types for integers, real (“floating-point”) numbers, and characters. For each of the numerical data types, there are choices that define the number of digits that can be represented as integers as well as the number of significant digits and the range of real numbers. Some data types have one or more alias names that can be used in a program. Table 3.1 lists these data types and gives ranges for one particular C implementation, Microsoft’s MS-DOS-based Quick C. It is important to realize that these ranges are not fixed by the ANSI C standard and can differ among various C implementations.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a novel imaging technique that can reveal non-invasively unique information of white matter (WM) microstructures within the central nervous system (CNS). DTI provides image contrast based on differences in the magnitude of diffusion of water molecules within the brain. By measuring the directional dependence of water molecule diffusion, DTI generates unique tissue contrasts that can be used in the study of axonal organization in the CNS. Its applications include brain connectivity, study of the brain development, and WM diseases. This article presents the principles of DTI and its applications in neuroscience research.
Bipolar disorder and the college student: A review and implications for universities

Objective: This brief report provides a review of the prevalence and expression of bipolar disorder in the college student population. Implications for college teachers and universities working with students with bipolar disorder are presented. Methods: Responses from the National College Health Assessment (2009-2017) reference groups were collated to estimate whether the prevalence of students with bipolar disorder has been increasing over time. Results: Data indicate that although overall prevalence is low, the presence of students with bipolar disorder has increased over the past decade. Conclusions: To help students with serious mental illness, including bipolar disorder, succeed in higher education, practices consistent with the philosophy of supported education should be adopted. Special attention will need to be paid to students' financial and academic challenges.
Inducible Fas-Resistance in B Lymphocytes

Activation of B lymphocytes, such as that provided by CD40L, is required for induction of susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. However, all forms of B cell activation do not promote Fas-sensitivity. Anti-immunoglobulin antibody, and IL-4, produce a state of Fas-resistance in otherwise sensitive (CD40L-stimulated) B cell targets through at least partially distinct signaling pathways. Inducible Fas-resistance may act to thwart B cell deletion mediated by FasL-expressing CD4+ Th1 cells, either prior to or during germinal center formation. This may promote the viability of autoreactive B cells, thereby fostering autoantibody formation as observed in IL-4 overexpressing transgenic mice, with implications for normal- and auto-immunity.
Effects of using lossy materials on the metal-insulator-metal nanostructure absorption spectrum

Metal-insulator-metal metasurfaces (MIM-M) structures can achieve near-unity absorptance at sub-wavelength volumes. A conventional approach to tune the absorption wavelength and the bandwidth of MIM-Ms is to change the geometrical parameters of the structure. In this research, we investigate numerically a new approach to achieve enhanced absorption in MIM-Ms in the mid-infrared spectral region by using both lossy metals and a lossy dielectric. The absorption in the dielectric spacer layer is attributed to the Berreman and epsilon near-zero modes in combination with the dielectric intrinsic loss. The simulations have revealed the presence of additional absorption peaks compared with the case of lossless dielectrics. In particular, the effects of the dielectric thickness and the radiation incident angle on the absorption spectra of the proposed MIM-M structures have been investigated.
Automated quantification of head-twitch response in mice via ear tag reporter coupled with biphasic detection.

Abstract Background Head-twitch response (HTR) is a manifestation of the serotonergic system behavioral pharmacology commonly used as a proxy of psychedelic drug action in rodents. New method We developed a minimally invasive magnetic ear tag reporter and designed a detection system that performs a comprehensive characterization of each potential HTR event on an electromagnetic readout. Results Magnetic ear tags were easy to install and generally well tolerated by the animals. On the low-threshold first phase of detection, the tags’ signal recorded in a magnetometer was filtered and screened for potential HTR events. On the second phase, the detector performed a comprehensive spectral analysis evaluation of each event and identified the HTR characteristic distribution of power density. Our system delivered satisfactory performance in the identification of pharmacologically-induced HTR and discrimination power against common non-HTR behaviors. Comparison with existing methods Our system offers a high-throughput solution for studying HTR in mice employing minimally invasive procedures and superior standalone discriminative power compared to our previously reported fully-automated approach. Conclusions High-throughput identification of HTR utilizing magnetic ear-tagging and biphasic detection delivers satisfactory detection and discrimination power employing less invasive procedures.
Novel Use of the Urchin ® Heart Positioner for Repair of Pericardial Rupture in Cardiac Subluxation: Case Report and Review of Management

A 65-year-old man was involved in a multivehicle collision from which he sustained blunt polytrauma involving the abdomen and chest. Imaging of the chest revealed biventricular cardiac herniation into the left chest with an associated pneumopericardium. He underwent emergent surgical management with repositioning of the heart and repair of associated pericardial rupture. Exposure was facilitated with the novel use of an off-pump coronary surgery heart positioner. This report highlights the management of these rare blunt traumatic injuries in addition to using the Urchin® heart positioner for optimal exposure.
Catastrophic failure of contaminated fused-silica optics at 355 nm

One of the concerns with the Megajoule Laser design is the transport mirrors laser damage threshold. Earlier studies have shown that the main constraint on laser damage threshold comes from nodules at the mirror surface. It is therefore important to restrict both the number of such nodules and their dimensions: the larger they are, the greater is the resulting damage. SFIM-ODS, in close collaboration with CEL-V, has started a special-purpose study to characterize these nodules as precisely as possible. The objective of the study is twofold: to determine the origin of the nodules and subsequently to adapt the mirror fabrication process so as to restrict their formation, and to analyze their shapes and dimensions so as to determine which nodules are critical for laser damage. To understand the origin of the nodules and their effect on laser damage threshold, the mirrors are characterized by different methods: (1) absorption and scattering mapping: does the presence of nodules result in specific absorption?, (2) surface analysis by atomic force microscopy: to characterize nodule shape and dimensions, (3) Focused Ion Beam cutting of nodules: to locate the seed initiating the nodule (on the substrate or in the stack), and characterize the seed shape and composition (contamination, material flaw during evaporation, etc...), and (4) laser damage threshold measurements: to determine the mirror laser damage threshold and study the behavior of nodules under laser in accordance with their dimensions and shape.
Historical Document Image Binarization: A Review

This review provides a comprehensive view of the field of historical document image binarization with a focus on the contributions made in the last decade. After the introduction of a standard benchmark dataset with the 2009 Document Image Binarization Contest, research in the field accelerated. Besides the standard methods for image thresholding, preprocessing, and post-processing, we review the literature on methods such as statistical models, pixel classification with learning algorithms, and parameter tuning. In addition to reviewing binarization algorithms, we discuss the available public datasets and evaluation metrics, including those that require pixel-level ground truth and those that do not. We conclude with recommendations for future work.
Depression and Anxiety in College Students

College health clinicians are often first line in detecting the presence of, and providing intervention for, depressive and anxiety disorders in young adult students. Caring for mental health conditions in the primary care setting can be complex, requiring a nuanced and comprehensive approach. The importance of diagnostic accuracy and differentiation of clinical pathology from developmental, nonpathological states, along with carefully defining any underlying comorbidities, are determinants of intervention options and the successful resolution of symptoms. While symptom remission is in itself a primary outcome, other important outcomes include suicide risk reduction, treatment adherence, sustained remission, improved quality of life, and development of positive attitudes toward mental health care. This chapter provides a review of the epidemiology of depression and anxiety in college students, guidance for providers regarding the clinical diagnostic process, strategies to engage students in treatment planning, and an overview of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions.
Not Another Medication Adherence App: Critical Reflections on Addressing Public HIV-related Stigma Through Design

People living with HIV experience a high level of stigma in our society. Public HIV-related stigma often leads to anxiety and depression and hinders access to social support and proper medical care. Technologies for HIV, however, have been mainly designed for treatment management and medication adherence rather than for helping people cope with public HIV-related stigma specifically. Drawing on empirical data obtained from semi-structured interviews and design activities with eight social workers and 29 people living with HIV, we unpack the ways in which needs for privacy and trust, intimacy, and social support create tensions around key coping strategies. Reflecting on these tensions, we present design implications and opportunities to empower people living with HIV to cope with public HIV-related stigma at the individual level.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates brain angiogenesis and independently decreases mouse survival under hypoxia.

Although cyclooxygenase (COX) role in cancer angiogenesis has been studied, little is known about its role in brain angioplasticity. In the present study, we chronically infused mice with ketorolac, a non-specific COX inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), under normoxia or 50% isobaric hypoxia (10% O2 by volume). Ketorolac increased mortality rate under hypoxia in a dose-dependent manner. Using in vivo multiphoton microscopy, we demonstrated that chronic COX inhibition completely attenuated brain angiogenic response to hypoxia. Alterations in a number of angiogenic factors that were reported to be COX-dependent in other models were assayed at 24-hour and 10-day hypoxia. Intriguingly, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 was unaffected under COX inhibition, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) were significantly but slightly decreased. However, a number of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were significantly reduced upon COX inhibition. We conclude that additional, angiogenic factor-independent mechanism might contribute to COX role in brain angioplasticity, probably including mitogenic COX effect on endothelium. Our data indicate that COX activity is critical for systemic adaptation to chronic hypoxia, and BBB COX is essential for hypoxia-induced brain angioplasticity. These data also indicate a potential risk for using COX inhibitors under hypoxia conditions in clinics. Further studies are required to elucidate a complete mechanism for brain long-term angiogenesis regulation through COX activity.
EMPOWERMENT, INNOVATION, AND SERVICE: LAW SCHOOL PROGRAMS PROVIDE ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND INSTILL A COMMITMENT TO SERVE

Law schools around the country seek to fill the legal needs of their communities in ways that are both innovative and mutually beneficial to clients and students. This article describes five pro bono and clinical programs, at the University of Richmond School of Law, The Earle Mack School of Law at Drexel University, Catholic University Columbus School of Law, the Thomas Jefferson School of Law, and Vermont Law School, where law students, under the supervision of law professors or community professionals, provide assistance or legal representation to underserved and often marginalized populations needing help with family law problems, including parents accused of abuse and neglect, youth aging out of foster care, homeless families, survivors of domestic violence, homeless veterans with addiction problems, and female prisoners. To develop their programs, the five law schools from the outset collaborated with partners in the community, and they continue to do so as their programs expand and evolve. In addition to helping and empowering clients, these law schools are providing experiential learning opportunities that are transformative for their students. The authors hope that these programs will be instructive for law schools, other academic institutions, the legal community, and community organizations in developing creative collaborations to ensure better access to justice.
Distribution System Resilience Under Asynchronous Information Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Resilience of a distribution system can be enhanced by efficient restoration of critical load following a major outage. Existing models include optimization approaches that consider available information without incorporating the inherent asynchrony of data arrival during execution of the restoration plan. Failure to consider the asynchronous nature of information arrival can lead to underutilization of critical resources. Moreover, analytical models become computationally inefficient for large scale systems. On the other hand, artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools have demonstrated efficient results for power system applications. In this paper, it is proposed a Reinforcement Learning (RL) model that learns how to efficiently restore a distribution system after a major outage. The proposed approach is based on a Monte Carlo Tree Search to expedite the training process. The proposed model strategy provides a robust decision-making tool for asynchronous and partial information scenarios. The results, validated with the IEEE 13-bus test feeder and IEEE 8500-node distribution test feeder, demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed method.
Reared-apart/reared-together Chinese twins and virtual twins: Evolving research program and general intelligence findings.

Abstract China’s One-Child Policy (1979–2015) limited rural families to two children and urban families to one child. This practice, which led to the abandonment of hundreds of thousands of female infants, is indirectly responsible for the separate placement of infant twins. The availability of this sample launched the first prospective study of these pairs. Participants include families and twins comprising 15 monozygotic (MZA) pairs and 7 dizygotic (DZA) pairs from countries throughout the world. The research program is described, and the initial wave of IQ scores for MZA and DZA twin pairs is examined in the first comprehensive report from this study. The twins’ mean age at participation was 9.41 years (SD = 6.36), and their ages ranged from 3.19 to 24.98 years. Informative contrasts with adopted-together Chinese twins and virtual twins (same-age unrelated individuals reared together) highlight shared genetic and environmental effects on intellectual development. Applied directions based on findings from these novel samples are described.
CRRT prescription and delivery of dose.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the preferred modality of extracorporeal renal support for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The dose of CRRT is reported as effluent flow in ml/kg body weight per hour (ml/kg/h). Solid evidence supports that the delivered CRRT effluent dose for critically ill patients with AKI should be 20-25 ml/kg/h on average. To account for treatment interruptions and the natural decline in filter efficiency over time, it is recommended to prescribe 25-30 ml/kg/h of effluent dose. However, transient higher doses of CRRT in specific clinical scenarios may be needed to accommodate specific solute control needs of a particular patient at a given time. Consequently, there should be consideration of the potential adverse consequences of non-selective clearance such as undesired antimicrobials and nutrients removal. In this manuscript, we provide a summary of evidence related to CRRT dose, practical aspects for its calculation at the time of prescribing CRRT, and considerations for addressing the expected gap between prescribed and delivered CRRT dose. We also provide a framework for monitoring and implementation of CRRT dose as a quality indicator of CRRT delivery.
Energization of Transformers in Medium Voltage Island Microgrids by Leveraging Grid Forming Inverter Control

Microgrids with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) resources are becoming more common in the energy infrastructure landscape including islanded microgrids occurring in rural areas where establishing new electric services are prohibitively expensive. In the case of islanded microgrids, the lack of cost effective, long duration storage options requires the integration of conventional fossil fuel based generation with these renewable resources for operation when sufficient irradiance is not available. This creates operational challenges as was the case for a midstream gas compressing, medium voltage, islanded microgrid recently installed and commissioned in the southwestern United States. Energization of 10MVA of PV plant and battery energy storage system (BESS) step up transformers created the risk of nuisance tripping of synchronous generator protection systems. As a result, this paper proposes to operate the BESS inverter in grid forming mode to utilize a soft-starting and synchronization procedure to avoid this scenario. An investigation is carried out to demonstrate modeling of the BESS and test the proposed solution during energization of the transformers and subsequent synchronization to a synchronous generator utilizing RTDS and controller-hardware-in-the loop testing of generating set controller hardware. The results of the investigation illustrate that strategic placement of the BESS and use of grid forming controls enable the energization of the PV plants while eliminating inrush currents and voltage sags characteristic of using synchronous generators. Furthermore, the proposed solution is demonstrated to be robust to the selection of inverter control parameters and transformer saturation characteristics.
Intrinsically-Motivated CEOs, Overbearing Boards, and Diversity in Corporate Governance

We examine how a Board of Directors designs the CEO's compensation contract and the degree of Board oversight in an environment in which CEOs are intrinsically motivated, enjoy private benefits, and may disagree with their Boards over the value-maximizing choice of a project-related action. The Board's oversight has two inherently inseparable features: one is "objective policing" to reduce the likelihood that the CEO will invest in an inefficient project due to private benefits, and the other is involvement in "subjective decisionmaking" whereby the Board attempts to ensure that, conditional on investing in an efficient project, the action that it believes maximizes project value is chosen even if the CEO disagrees. We show that even when the Board's oversight has no explicit monitoring cost and provides an informative signal of the CEO's project and action choices, it is not generally optimal for the Board to choose the maximum oversight. Paradoxically, greater Board oversight can produce the opposite of its intended effect, inducing the CEO to be more inclined to engage in self-serving behavior. Moreover, a variety of different governance structures will be observed in equilibrium, each with its own governance oversight. Constraints on the CEO's compensation can lead the Board to precommit to low oversight in order to not appear overbearing and thus attract a CEO of high ability. Numerous additional empirical implications emerge from the analysis.
Nontraditional students' learning and developmental experiences at two-year institutions: an assessment of Hispanic/Latino(a) students' experiences at selected community colleges in Iowa

vin CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study I Purpose and Need 5 Research Questions 6 Assumptions 7 Limitations 9 Delimitations 10 Definition of Terms 11 Organizational Outline 12 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 13 Enrollment, Retention, Transfer, and Persistence of Minorities in Higher 13 Education Enrollment 14 Retention 15 Transfer 33 Persistence 42 Minorities and HispanicZLatino(a) Students in Iowa's Higher Educational System 45 Theoretical Framework 50 Summary 61 CHAPTER 3: METHOLOGY 63 Introduction 63 Methods 65 General characteristics of the subjects 66 Description 67 Data Analysis 70 Quantitative 70 Qualitative 73 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND FINDINGS 77 Results and Findings based on Quantitative Data Analysis 77 Quality of Effort Scales 103 Results and Findings based on Qualitative Data Analysis 107
The Sasaki Cone and Extremal Sasakian Metrics

We study the Sasaki cone of a CR structure of Sasaki type on a given closed manifold. We introduce an energy functional over the cone and use its critical points to single out the strongly extremal Reeb vector fields. Should one such vector field be a member of the extremal set, the scalar curvature of a Sasaki extremal metric representing it would have the smallest L 2-norm among all Sasakian metrics of fixed volume that can represent vector fields in the cone. We use links of isolated hypersurface singularities to produce examples of manifolds of Sasaki type, many of these in dimension five, whose Sasaki cone coincides with the extremal set, and examples where the extremal set is empty. We end up by proving that a conjecture of Orlik concerning the torsion of the homology groups of these links holds in the five-dimensional case.
Robust GPS/INS-Aided Localization and Mapping Via GPS Bias Estimation

We consider the problem of pose estimation in the context of outdoor robotic mapping. In such cases absolute position information from GPS is often available. However, the peculiarities of GPS can lead to significant inconsistencies in mapping when a naive approach is used. We thus present a two-stage pose estimation system to address this problem. The first stage consists of a best-effort “blind” pose estimator based on a robust and extensible Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering framework. The estimate from this stage is then fed to a “seeing” HMM-style filter that attempts to infer the uncorrected bias of the first stage by matching stereo maps under an assumption of scene rigidity. Results are shown that demonstrate a vast improvement in pose estimates and map consistency using this method over the naive approach.
The Eunuch Steward: A Trans‐Asiatic Tale of Seduction and Castration

The Eunuch Steward is a fable attested across the expanse of northeast Africa and Asia, from Late Bronze Age Egypt to China some time after 1424 ce. In the story, a subordinate young man, accused of invading his master's sexual prerogative, offers a radical act of submission, namely self-emasculation. The popularity of the tale across many cultures is best explained by citing its Oedipal themes: intergenerational male rivalry over a maternal figure, and the castration of the younger male. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracellular processing of the paramyxovirus F protein: critical role of the predicted amphipathic alpha helix adjacent to the fusion domain.

Abstract At a nonpermissive temperature, the group D temperature-sensitive mutants of Newcastle disease virus strain Australia-Victoria (AV) are defective in plaque formation, in inducing infected cells to fuse, and in incorporating the cleaved fusion glycoprotein, F1 + F2, into virus particles. In this study, the F protein of AV, expressed in chicken embryo cells, was able to complement these mutants in a plaque assay, identifying the F gene as the gene containing the group D temperature-sensitive lesions. The F genes of mutants D1, D2, and D3 were found to contain single mutations relative to the AV sequence, clustered within a predicted amphipathic alpha helix (AAH) adjacent to the hydrophobic amino terminus of F1. These mutant F proteins were inefficiently processed at the permissive temperature, a problem that was exacerbated at the nonpermissive temperature. Surprisingly, the AV F protein was also found to be partially temperature sensitive in processing. Its AAH is predicted to contain a break in the helix close to the D mutation sites, which are themselves predicted to further weaken the helix at this point. Interestingly, six revertants of the group D mutants were found to have an additional lesion in the AAH, repairing both the AV and mutant helices, resulting in a predicted perfect helix. The F protein of these revertants had overcome both the processing defects of the mutants and the temperature sensitivity of AV, indicating that the AAH region is critical for F protein processing. The lesions of a second group of revertants were localized within F2, suggesting an interaction with the F1 AAH region containing the original lesion.
Plug-and-play AC/AC power electronics building blocks (AC-PEBBs) for grid control

As ac-to-ac power conversion becomes increasingly importantly in applications such as grid power flow control and motor control, the demand for a plug-and-play converter is increased. Traditional VSI-based ac-to-ac power converters such as the back-to-back converter require bulky dc-link capacitors that limit their reliability. Therefore, approaches that offer direct ac-to-ac power conversion are gaining popularity. This paper proposes a plug-and-play concept for achieving ac-to-ac power conversion via the ac/ac power electronic building block (AC-PEBB). The AC-PEBB is a compact, self-contained cell requiring no energy storage. It can be used in a variety of direct ac/ac converters including matrix converters, controllable network transformers (CNT), etc. This paper details the construction of a prototype AC-PEBB to be used in a 13 kV, 1 MVA application. The effectiveness of the AC-PEBB is demonstrated experimentally in an example application of controlling grid power flows via a 10 kVA CNT prototype built by augmenting a standard transformer with a single AC-PEBB cell. Series and parallel connection of multiple AC-PEBBs to increase maximum voltage and current handling capability is also demonstrated.
Effects of errors under errorless and trial-and-error conditions

The authors employed a task which was actually composed of two subtasks performed in series. Error rate on the first subtask was manipulated while performance and retention on the second subtask were measured. Original learning of the second subtask was accomplished via an errorless procedure while the relearning session, held 1 week later, was conducted in trial-and-error fashion. Three levels of error were imposed on the subjects during original learning, and these were factorially combined with the same three levels during the relearning session. Imposed errors on the first subtask interfered with performance on the second subtask both during the original errorless learning session and during the trial-and-error relearning session. The imposed error rate had no effect on retention. The major performance deterioration occurred in the group that learned in the presence of a low error rate and relearned in the presence of a high error rate. The results were interpreted in terms of frustration theory.
Parental Power as a Potential Influence on Girls' Career Choice.

LAVINE, LINDA OLSHINA. Parental Power as a Potential Influence on Girls' Career Choice. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 658-663. Children ages 7-11 were interviewed to determine their career preferences, the degree to which they perceive occupations as limited to 1 sex exclusively, and their perceptions of their parents' power distribution. Data were also collected on parents' jobs. Data were analyzed using sex typing of preferred career as the dependent variable. Multiple regression analyses indicate that, for girls, perception of higher maternal power is significantly related to preference for less feminine-stereotyped careers. Also, girls who perceive more occupations as limited to 1 sex exclusively have preferences for more sex-typed careers. The presence of a working mother is not related to career preference. No significant correlations were obtained for males.
How Does Contamination of Rice Soils with Cd and Zn Cause High Incidence of Human Cd Disease in Subsistence Rice Farmers

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown on Zn mine waste contaminated soils has caused unequivocal Cd effects on kidney and occasional bone disease (itai-itai) in subsistence rice farmers, but high intake of Cd from other foods has not caused similar effects. Research has clarified two important topics about how Cd from mine waste contaminated rice soils has caused Cd disease: (1) bioaccumulation of soil Cd into rice grain without corresponding increase in Zn, and (2) subsistence rice diets potentiate Cd absorption/bioavailability and risk to farm families. Absorption of Cd by rice roots occurs on the NRAMP5 Mn2+ transporter. Although other transporters can influence Cd uptake-transport to shoots and grain, making NRAMP5 null greatly reduces grain Cd. Zn2+ has little ability to inhibit Cd2+ transfer in rice but clearly inhibits Cd uptake in other plant species. The bioavailability of dietary Cd is increased for subsistence rice diets. Research has identified that low levels and bioavailability of Zn and Fe in polished rice grain cause upregulation of Cd absorption on the Fe2+ transporter of duodenum cells (DMT1). Added dietary Zn can also inhibit intestinal Cd absorption somewhat. Nutritional stress (Fe, Zn deficiency) in humans consuming subsistence rice diets thus promotes Cd accumulation and adverse effects. No other dietary (crop) Cd exposure has caused unequivocal Cd-induced renal proximal tubular dysfunction (the first adverse Cd effect) in humans. Recognition of the very unusual nature of Cd risk from rice compared to other crops should be taken into account in setting international limits of Cd in rice and other foods.
Three-dimensional analysis of proeutectoid cementite precipitates

Abstract Serial sectioning and computer-aided visualization of three-dimensional reconstructions were used to reveal the three-dimensional morphology, connectivity and distribution of proeutectoid cementite precipitates in a model Fe–1.34% C–13.0% Mn alloy. Only dendritic grain boundary precipitates and Widmanstatten precipitate morphologies were observed in the present alloy. Unlike earlier morphological studies of similar alloys, intragranular precipitates were not observed. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of deeply etched specimens corroborated and augmented these results. Three-dimensional analysis has also made possible the first quantitative three-dimensional measurements of cementite precipitates and yielded a more precise classification of cementite precipitates than was possible with classical two-dimensional techniques.
Energy-efficient comfort with a heated/cooled chair: Results from human subject tests

A novel heated/cooled chair was evaluated for its effect on thermal sensation and comfort. The chair is exceptionally efficient, allowing standalone battery operation over long periods. Its capabilities at providing comfort needed to be established. Twenty-three college students participated in 69 2.25-hour tests. Four heated/cooled chairs were placed in an environmental chamber resembling an office environment. The chamber temperatures were 16°C, 18°C and 29°C. During the tests the subjects had full control of the chair power through a knob located on the chair. The heated/cooled-chair results could be compared to those of conventional mesh and cushion chairs tested in the same three environmental conditions in a previous study, as well as to a thermoelectrically heated and cooled chair. Subjective responses for thermal sensation and comfort were obtained at 15-minute intervals. The results show that the heated/cooled chair strongly influences the subjects’ thermal sensation and improves thermal comfort and perceived air quality. No significant differences were found between men and women. The chair provided comfortable conditions for 92% of the subjects in a range of temperatures from 18°C to 29°C.
Confessions from the Classroom Teaching with Augustinian Eyes

Through an analysis of Augustine's Confessions, this essay aims to identify the sources, tenets, and implications of the theological anthropology that grounds the author's pedagogy. The author describes classroom dynamics and teaching strategies in terms of the concepts of creation, sin, and redemption found in the Confessions. In relation to Augustine's doctrine of creation, the author argues that a theological anthropology that posits an ineradicable relationship of the human person to God justifies optimism about student response to the study of theology. It also supports a sacramental understanding of the effectiveness of the teacher. In relation to Augustine's theology of sin, the author reflects on the effects of pride on both teacher and student. The section on redemption acknowledges that although the teacher cannot eradicate sin in the classroom, he or she can counter such effects through the responsible and sensitive exercise of authority. Throughout the essay, the virtues of humility and gratitude in the classroom are highlighted, and concrete pedagogical issues are examined in a theological light.
Classroom Behavioral Interventions: Do Teachers Consider the Function of the Behavior?.

Teachers and school psychologists are often involved in designing classroom behavioral interventions. Functional behavioral assessment, mandated under certain circumstances by IDEA (1997), is considered a best practices approach in designing behavioral interventions. A functional assessment can result in an intervention tailored to a specific student's needs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether teachers considered the function of a behavior when determining a classroom intervention. A sample of 209 Kentucky teachers were given scenarios of students exhibiting problematic behaviors. Information was provided so that the function of the behavior was apparent. The results found that few teachers considered the behavioral function when deciding upon an intervention. Few differences were found between regular and special education teachers. Implications for school psychologists are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analgesic regimens for third molar surgery: pharmacologic and behavioral considerations

Pain levels following mandibular third molar extractions are evaluated to determine the utility of various analgesic therapies administered before and after surgery. The level of pain following the extraction of impacted third molars was evaluated in 75 patients. Participants were administered acetaminophen 1,000 mg or a placebo before surgery. After surgery, acetaminophen 650 mg was administered either at fixed intervals or as needed to relieve pain. When acetaminophen was administered before surgery, the onset of peak pain was delayed and patient discomfort was decreased 3, 4, and 5 hours after surgery. Patients following the fixed interval regimen after surgery experienced more pain overall and requested the backup narcotic analgesic more frequently. Of the regimens tested, patients preferred the regimen of acetaminophen 1,000 mg administered before surgery with acetaminophen administered as needed for pain after surgery.
The Geography of Life and Death: Deeper, Broader, and Much More Complex

Malaria in South Asia: Eradication and Resurgence During the Second Half of the Twentieth Century. Rais Akhtar, Ashok K. Dutt, and Vandana Wadhwa, eds. New York: Springer, 2010. xxxv and 241 pp., f...