cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dynamical Challenge

Recent studies such as Thelen and Smith (1994), Kelso, (1995), Van Gelder, (1995), Beer, (1995), and others have presented a forceful case for a dynamical systems approach to understanding cognition and adaptive behavior. These studies call into question some foundational assumptions concerning the nature of cognitive scientific explanation and (in particular) the role of notions such as internal representation and computation. These are exciting and important challenges. But they must be handled with care. It is all too easy, in this debate, to lose sight of the explanatorily important issues and to talk at cross-purposes, courtesy of the (surprisingly) various ways in which different theorists often conceive the key terms. The primary goal of the present paper is thus a modest one: to begin to clarify just what is at issue and to highlight some of the most central and pressing concerns. In so doing, we may hope to develop a constructive framework for future debate. In addition, I try to open up a space of intermediate options—ways in which dynamical and representational/computational understandings may sometimes afford complementary (rather than competing) perspectives on adaptive success.
Maintaining organizational effectiveness during organizational retrenchment.

Organizational changes usually imply work force changes. The method used to make personnel changes can reduce organizational effectiveness, particularly in terms of productivity and turnover. This paper describes and assesses an action research program to alter an organization's procedures for achieving work force changes in response to a declining environmental niche. Evaluation research was conducted to assess the consequences of existing procedures, and the resulting data were reported in dollar terms to demonstrate more effectively their negative impact on the organization. A demonstration program, subsequently evaluated as successful, provided the model for change. The paper examines the difficulty of establishing the revised procedures, the unintended side effects, the generalizability of the experience, and the social values underlying the approach.
ArrayPlex: distributed, interactive and programmatic access to genome sequence, annotation, ontology, and analytical toolsets

ArrayPlex is a software package that centrally provides a large number of flexible toolsets useful for functional genomics, including microarray data storage, quality assessments, data visualization, gene annotation retrieval, statistical tests, genomic sequence retrieval and motif analysis. It uses a client-server architecture based on open source components, provides graphical, command-line, and programmatic access to all needed resources, and is extensible by virtue of a documented application programming interface. ArrayPlex is available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/arrayplex/.
Learning metadata from the evidence in an on-line citation matching scheme

Citation matching, or the automatic grouping of bibliographic references that refer to the same document, is a data management problem faced by automatic digital libraries for scientific literature such as CiteSeer and Google Scholar. Although several solutions have been offered for citation matching in large bibliographic databases, these solutions typically require expensive batch clustering operations that must be run offline. Large digital libraries containing citation information can reduce maintenance costs and provide new services through efficient online processing of citation data, resolving document citation relationships as new records become available. Additionally, information found in citations can be used to supplement document metadata, requiring the generation of a canonical citation record from merging variant citation subfields into a unified "best guess" from which to draw information. Citation information must be merged with other information sources in order to provide a complete document record. This paper outlines a system and algorithms for online citation matching and canonical metadata generation. A Bayesian framework is employed to build the ideal citation record for a document that carries the added advantages of fusing information from disparate sources and increasing system resilience to erroneous data.
Poliovirus replicative intermediate: Structural basis of infectivity

Abstract Infectious replicative intermediate of poliovirus is composed of two populations. One is relatively resistant to inactivation by RNase and formaldehyde, the other is relatively sensitive. Denaturation of double-stranded cores derived from replicative intermediate yields intact “minus” strands in substantial excess of intact “plus” strands, as determined by infectivity and nucleotide composition. The data indicate that most replicative intermediate molecules have a semicon-servative structure, but that a small fraction may consist of conservative and/or “negative” molecules.
Running Unopposed: Assessing the Impact of Term Limits on Competition in Florida and Maine

This research explores the implications of the adoption of term limits on elected officials in Florida. After exploring the historic assumptions and motivations behind the term-limits movement, we test the assumption that term limits produce more competition for elective office. Using election data provided by the state of Florida, a multipronged examination is conducted to assess the consequences for legislative competition, as the implementation of term limits in the state. A comparison is also made to Maine, which was an early adopter of term limits. This research finds that competition has not increased. In fact, it has generally declined, and often sharply. The findings suggest that potential candidates, while influenced by local or national trends, wait for guaranteed open seats rather than challenge incumbents. Finally, alternative reasons for the decline in competition and the likely results of the long-term use of term limits on the political system are explored. Term limits in Florida began as part of a national trend based on frustration with the perceived lack of responsiveness of elected bodies to the will of the public. Floridians, along with other states, such as California, Colorado, and Oklahoma, interjected themselves into the institutional rule structure of the state by using the power of a ballot initiative to change the terms of service of elected officials from the state. The underlying logic of the approach was based on foundational democratic notions grounded in historic progressive thinking (Mayton 1999). Negative views of elected officials, combined with a concerted effort by the Republican Party to overcome its minority status on both the
Adaptive ad hoc self-organizing scheduling for quasi-periodic sensor network lifetime

Wireless sensor networks are poised to revolutionize our abilities in sensing and controlling our environment. Power conservation is a primary research concern for these networks. Often, the single most important savings can be obtained by switching off the wireless receiver when not needed. In this paper, we describe an algorithm which allows the nodes to learn the behavior of each other by only observing the transmission behaviors, and from this derive the schedule without external help. Our approach is robust to statistical variations in the nodal transmission periods. We draw important conclusions on the effect of quasi-periodicity on the scalability of the solution. We provide results of numerical simulations that show the effectiveness of our approach.
Magnetotransport and magnetic properties of molecular-beam epitaxy L10 FePt thin films

The magnetotransport and magnetic properties of chemically ordered (001) L10 FePt epitaxial thin films with small scale perpendicularly magnetized stripe domains have been investigated. Film growth conditions are used to systematically vary the degree of chemical order, the magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic domain sizes. The longitudinal and transverse (Hall) resistivities are correlated with both film chemical order and magnetic properties. The low-field magnetoresistance shows evidence of domain effects. In the highest anisotropy and most chemically ordered film studied, this low field magnetoresistance is consistent with an intrinsic domain wall scattering contribution to the resistivity.
Pacing pattern and physiological responses to a 5-minute maximal exercise bout.

Abstract Berg, KE, Kauftman, CL, Katsavelis, DC, Ratliff, KL, Simet, JL. Pacing pattern and physiological responses to a 5-minute maximal exercise bout. J Strength Cond Res 22(5): 1610-1616, 2008-The purpose of this study was to describe the pacing strategy of experienced cyclists in a 5-minute maximal exercise bout and to describe selected physiological responses associated with this effort. Six experienced and well-trained competitive cyclists (five males, one female) with a mean (±SD) age, height, and mass of 27.0 ± 4.77 years, 174.7 ± 8.57 cm, and 71.0 ± 6.45 kg, performed a 5-minute maximal exercise bout in a laboratory on a racing cycle. Subjects were free to determine their work rate throughout. During exercise, data were collected for work rate, heart rate (HR), JOURNAL/jscr/04.02/00124278-200809000-00030/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-07-20T235344Z/r/image-pngO2, electromyography of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis, oxygen saturation, and rating of perceived exertion. All six subjects selected a pacing strategy characterized by a surge in work rate in the first minute followed by a gradual decline until the last minute, when a sprint to the end occurred. Values for HR, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration (182.8 ± 2.8 bpm, 1.08 ± 0.07, and 15.5 ± 2.1 mmol·L−1, respectively) indicated that JOURNAL/jscr/04.02/00124278-200809000-00030/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-07-20T235344Z/r/image-pngO2 (3.6 ± 0.4 L·min−1) was close to or at maximum from minutes 2 to 5. Oxygen saturation dropped continuously across time, reaching 0.05). It is concluded that work rate or pace is uneven in an all-out, 5-minute exercise bout in experienced cyclists, yet the physiological responses are near maximal in minutes 2-5. Cyclists seem to pace themselves in a common pattern in short-term stochastic exercise bouts. The possible benefits of including some stochastic exercise in the training programs of athletes might be worthy of examination.
Review: St. John's wort, ginkgo, saw palmetto, and kava may be effective for some conditions.

Source Citation Ernst E. The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: ginkgo, St. John’s wort, ginseng, echinacea, saw palmetto, and kava. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jan 1;136:42-53. 11777...
The Juggernaut Roles in England: The Idol of Patriarchal Authority in Jane Eyre and The Egoist

The word Juggernaut, which denotes any object, institution, or idea bearing destructive and inexorable force, is now a relatively familiar English term. In the nineteenth century, however, English readers and writers were acutely aware of its foreign origin. The word is derived from the Hindi Jagannath, the name of an idol of Krishna, the most famous of which resided at a temple in Puri, India. Translated literally, the name means “lord of the world.” At the turn of the nineteenth century, this idol became a widely recognized emblem of Oriental idolatry, a focal point of imperial concern, disgust, and amusement. It was remarked upon and described in Parliamentary debates, East India Company despatches, missionary tracts, and travel narratives. By turns sublime and picturesque, dangerous and ludicrous, Juggernaut functions throughout these texts as a vivid image of heathen idolatry.1 By the 1840s, however, it also paradoxically served as a figure for varieties of destructive violence and idolatrous worship detected by novelists and social critics at home. As the word wanders from descriptions of outlandish India into descriptions of the domestic social field, it provides intriguing case studies of domestic autoethnography, compelling evidence of the Victorian anxiety that England had failed to distinguish itself from colonial otherness.
Chapter 9 – Wavelets in Signal Processing

This chapter discusses the application of wavelets to signal processing and their use in transforming signals. The objectives of signal processing are to analyze accurately, code efficiently, transmit rapidly, and then to reconstruct carefully at the receiver the delicate oscillations or fluctuations of this function of time. This is important because all of the information contained in the signal is effectively present and hidden in the complicated arabesques appearing in its graphical representation. To accomplish these tasks, signals need to be transformed (coded/decoded) into a particular form for a certain task. Fast wavelet transformation provides effective algorithms for signal coding and decoding. Mathematically, a one-dimensional signal appears as a function of time. If the time variable is changed continuously, then the signal is called an analog signal or a continuous signal. If the time variable runs through a discrete set, then it is called a discrete signal, or a digital signal, which is the numerical representation of an analog signal. Changing an analog signal to a discrete signal is called discretization. A popular way to discretize an analog signal is by sampling.
Management of the Patient with a History of Bariatric Surgery and Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department

The recent rise in popularity of bariatric procedures has presented clinicians with new challenges and considerations when these patients present postoperatively in an emergent setting. Bariatric patients present with a different baseline of nutritional, metabolic, and endocrine homeostasis than the typical non-bariatric patient. From the surgical perspective, these patients present with altered alimentary anatomy and unique conditions that must be considered before undertaking any intraabdominal or endoscopic procedure. In the emergent setting, these patients require an altered algorithm for the management of abdominal pain, taking into account both the patient’s characteristics and the specific procedure that was done as well as the capabilities and resources of the institution to which they have presented acutely.
Coup-TF1 and Coup-TF2 control subtype and laminar identity of MGE-derived neocortical interneurons

Distinct cortical interneuron (CIN) subtypes have unique circuit functions; dysfunction in specific subtypes is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing (SST+ and PV+) interneurons are the two major subtypes generated by medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) progenitors. Spatial and temporal mechanisms governing their cell-fate specification and differential integration into cortical layers are largely unknown. We provide evidence that Coup-TF1 and Coup-TF2 (Nr2f1 and Nr2f2) transcription factor expression in an arc-shaped progenitor domain within the MGE promotes time-dependent survival of this neuroepithelium and the time-dependent specification of layer V SST+ CINs. Coup-TF1 and Coup-TF2 autonomously repress PV+ fate in MGE progenitors, in part through directly driving Sox6 expression. These results have identified, in mouse, a transcriptional pathway that controls SST-PV fate.
TUSC2 Immunogene Therapy Synergizes with Anti–PD-1 through Enhanced Proliferation and Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells in Syngeneic Kras-Mutant Mouse Lung Cancer Models

Expression of the multikinase inhibitor encoded by the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 (also known as FUS1) is lost or decreased in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). TUSC2 delivered systemically by nanovesicles has mediated tumor regression in clinical trials. Because of the role of TUSC2 in regulating immune cells, we assessed TUSC2 efficacy on antitumor immune responses alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 in two Kras-mutant syngeneic mouse lung cancer models. TUSC2 alone significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with anti-PD-1. When combined, this effect was significantly enhanced, and correlated with a pronounced increases in circulating and splenic natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells, and a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T-cell checkpoint receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3. TUSC2 combined with anti-PD-1 induced tumor infiltrating more than NK and CD8+ T cells and fewer MDSCs and Tregs than each agent alone, both in subcutaneous tumor and in lung metastases. NK-cell depletion abrogated the antitumor effect and Th1-mediated immune response of this combination, indicating that NK cells mediate TUSC2/anti-PD-1 synergy. Release of IL15 and IL18 cytokines and expression of the IL15Rα chain and IL18R1 were associated with NK-cell activation by TUSC2. Immune response-related gene expression in the tumor microenvironment was altered by combination treatment. These data provide a rationale for immunogene therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 163-77. ©2018 AACR.
Steep-Slope WSe2 Negative Capacitance Field-Effect Transistor

P-type two-dimensional steep-slope negative capacitance field-effect transistors are demonstrated for the first time with WSe2 as channel material and ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide in gate dielectric stack. F4-TCNQ is used as p-type dopant to suppress electron leakage current and to reduce Schottky barrier width for holes. WSe2 negative capacitance field-effect transistors with and without internal metal gate structures and the internal field-effect transistors are compared and studied. Significant SS reduction is observed in WSe2 negative capacitance field-effect transistors by inserting the ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide layer, suggesting the existence of internal amplification (∼10) due to the negative capacitance effect. Subthreshold slope less than 60 mV/dec (as low as 14.4 mV/dec) at room temperature is obtained for both forward and reverse gate voltage sweeps. Negative differential resistance is observed at room temperature on WSe2 negative capacitance field-effect-transistors as the...
Liquid Crystal Demonstration of Binary Phase Behavior for the Classroom

A demonstration showing binary phase formation and transformation, two concepts relevant to understanding binary phase diagrams, is presented using lyotropic liquid crystals. An optical microscope, in cross-polarized illumination, is used to observe phase formation as a function of composition at a surfactant–water interface. Variations in optical texture as a function of position with respect to the interface, and hence composition, reveal distinct lyotropic liquid crystal phases. This phenomenon is illustrated using two different binary surfactant–water systems: one exhibiting simple phase behavior (three distinct phases through the compositional space) and one exhibiting complex phase behavior (six distinct phases through the compositional space). The change in phase fraction during a temperature-induced phase transition and the effect of cooling rate on microstructure development are also demonstrated by examining the microstructure, and changes in the microstructure, of a fixed-composition lyotropic ...
Social biology ofStelopolybia areata (Say) in Mexico (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Two colonies ofStelopolybia areata were collected in southern Veracruz in late July and early August 1974. Their adult populations totalled 5,193 and 21,800. The latter figure sets a new record for size in polistine colonies. Oviposition begins in the center of the spherical nest and works outward, central cells being refilled with eggs as they are emptied by eclosing adults. Production of males had apparently just begun in both colonies, and virgin queen production was beginning in the colony collected in August. The data from these two colonies, when combined with those from colonies collected in January and February (Jeanne, 1973), suggest the following rough outline of the colony cycle in southern Veracruz. Swarms of several thousand adults, comprising 5–12% queens and the rest workers, overwinter in either the parental nest or a nest newly constructed by the swarm. Oviposition begins in early February. Between February and the end of July worker population increases while founding queens gradually disappear. In July male offspring begin eclosing from the outer combs, and by the beginning of August virgin queens begin to eclose from the central combs.
The Micromechanics of Elastomer Networks

Previous formulations of rubber elasticity theory have been based on the assumption that either the deformation, or force field associated with crosslink deformations is the same as in a continuum. There is no apriori justification for such an assumption. In the present theory, consideration is given to a completely arbitrary distribution of crosslink deformations. Generalized equations for the six components of the macroscopic stress tensor and for the stored strain energy function are formulated. The unknown deformation functions of the radius vectors between crosslinks are then found by postulating that the deformation functions are such as to minimize the free energy of the network, subject to the constraints imposed by the macroscopic stress components applied to the body. The problem is solved using the calculus of variations. At vanishing strains, the minimum free energy deformation system for the crosslink network is found to be affine. However, at finite strains the free energy criterion of equilibrium shows the deformation system to be non-affine and a functional of the particular function chosen to describe the macromolecule’s conformational behavior. Non-Gaussian and Gaussian chain statistics are examined.
Vision-dependent changes in the choroidal thickness of macaque monkeys.

PURPOSE. To determine whether changes in the eye’s effective refractive state produce changes in the thickness of the choroid in infant monkeys. METHODS. Normal developmental changes in choroidal thickness were studied in 10 normal rhesus monkeys. Hyperopia or myopia was induced by rearing 26 infant monkeys with either spectacle or diffuser lenses secured in front of one or both eyes. The treatment lenses were worn continuously beginning at approximately 3 weeks of age for an average of 120 days. Refractive status and ocular axial dimensions, including choroidal thickness, were measured by retinoscopy and high-frequency A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS. Three lines of evidence indicate that the normal increase in choroidal thickness that occurs during early maturation can be altered by the eye’s refractive state. First, in monkeys experiencing form deprivation or those in the process of compensating for imposed optical errors, choroidal thickness and refractive error were significantly correlated with eyes developing myopia having thinner choroids than those developing hyperopia. Second, the choroids in eyes recovering from binocularly induced myopia increased in thickness at a faster rate than the choroids in recovering hyperopic eyes. Third, monkeys recovering from induced anisometropias showed interocular alterations in choroidal thickness that were always in the appropriate direction to compensate for the anisometropia. These changes in choroidal thickness, which were on the order of 50 mm, occurred quickly and preceded significant changes in overall eye size. CONCLUSIONS. Changes in the eye’s effective refractive state produce rapid compensating changes in choroidal thickness. Although these choroidal changes are small relative to the eye’s refractive error, they may play an important role in the visual regulation of axial growth associated with emmetropization. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:1259 ‐1269)
Housing for Older Adults

Abstract Adopting a life course perspective and the lens of Lawton and Nahemow’s ecological model, this chapter explores the proliferation of housing options for older adults. Alternatives are framed in relation to the lived experience of older adults and the normative process of converting the space of a residence into a place facilitating a sense of being at home. One outcome of this process is the strong preference of older adults to age in place in a familiar setting. The chapter considers home modifications and technologies that facilitate aging in place through the adaptation of existing housing to accommodate increased frailty and changing needs. A typology is provided of the burgeoning array of housing options available to older adults when remaining in a familiar home is no longer possible or desirable. The chapter concludes with critical interpretation of issues confronting the evolving landscape of housing for older adults.
Expanding deceased donor kidney transplantation: medical risk, infectious risk, hepatitis C virus, and HIV.

Purpose of review Due to the organ shortage, which prevents over 90 000 individuals in the United States from receiving life-saving transplants, the transplant community has begun to critically reevaluate whether organ sources that were previously considered too risky provide a survival benefit to waitlist candidates. Recent findings Organs that many providers were previously unwilling to use for transplantation, including kidneys with a high Kidney Donor Profile Index or from increased risk donors who have risk factors for window period hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infection, have been shown to provide a survival benefit to transplant waitlist candidates compared with remaining on dialysis. The development of direct-acting antivirals to cure HCV infection has enabled prospective trials on the transplantation of organs from HCV-infected donors into HCV-negative recipients, with promising preliminary results. Changes in legislation through the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act have legalized transplantations from HIV-positive deceased donors to HIV-positive recipients for the first time in the United States. Summary Critical reexamination of deceased donor organs that were previously discarded has resulted in greater utilization of these organs, an increased number of deceased donor transplants, and the provision of life-saving treatment to more transplant waitlist candidates.
ESL Teachers’ Acting Agentively Through Job Crafting

Worldwide, countries strive for effective ways to educate migrant children, and the United States is no exception. In this context, this qualitative study examines how a group of ESL teachers in U....
Protease-activated receptor 4 activity promotes platelet granule release and platelet-leukocyte interactions

Human platelets express two protease-activated receptors (PARs), PAR1 (F2R) and PAR4 (F2RL3), which are activated by a number of serine proteases that are generated during pathological events and cause platelet activation. Recent interest has focused on PAR4 as a therapeutic target, given PAR4 seems to promote experimental thrombosis and procoagulant microparticle formation, without a broadly apparent role in hemostasis. However, it is not yet known whether PAR4 activity plays a role in platelet-leukocyte interactions, which are thought to contribute to both thrombosis and acute or chronic thrombo-inflammatory processes. We sought to determine whether PAR4 activity contributes to granule secretion from activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. We performed in vitro and ex vivo studies of platelet granule release and platelet-leukocyte interactions in the presence of PAR4 agonists including PAR4 activating peptide, thrombin, cathepsin G, and plasmin in combination with small-molecule PAR4 antagonists. Activation of human platelets with thrombin, cathepsin G, or plasmin potentiated platelet dense granule secretion that was specifically impaired by PAR4 inhibitors. Platelet-leukocyte interactions and platelet P-selectin exposure the following stimulation with PAR4 agonists were also impaired by activated PAR4 inhibition in either a purified system or in whole blood. These results indicate PAR4-specific promotion of platelet granule release and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation and suggest that pharmacological control of PAR4 activity could potentially attenuate platelet granule release or platelet-leukocyte interaction-mediated pathological processes.
Reply to Paraskevaidi et al.: Epithelial and microenvironment characterization is key to understanding and improving diagnoses.

First, we thank Paraskevaidi et al. (1) for their kind comments and assessment of the potentially significant impact of our work (2). Their letter recognizes that our study could reduce the caseloads of pathologists/surgeons but that it may not directly benefit patients. Surgeons, pathologists, and technologists all strive to improve outcomes for patients; indeed, diagnosis is the gateway to therapy (and better outcomes). The speed and one-shot tumor and microenvironment measurement focus of our study are aimed precisely toward providing new information that is useful while being compatible with how diagnoses are actually made—via pathology. Second, Paraskevaidi et al. (1) propose that earlier detection and less-invasive tools … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: rxb{at}illinois.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on Wearable Systems and Applications

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to The 3rd ACM Workshop on Wearable Systems and Applications -- WearSys'2017. The WearSys workshop is inspired by the fact that wearables are spearheading advancements in technology through inter-disciplinary research among a broad spectrum of disciplines such as mobile health, fashion, energy, just to name a few. The 3rd ACM Workshop on wearable systems and applications, WearSys'2017, is focused on how wearable technologies can shape mobile computing, systems and applications research. The goal of this workshop is to provide a forum to bring together researchers and design experts to discuss how wearable technologies have, and can, complement mobile systems research, and vice-versa. It also aims to provide a launchpad for bold and visionary ideas for wearable systems research. The call for papers attracted a total of 9 submissions from all over the world. The program committee reviewed and accepted 8 full papers and 1 poster. The reviewing process was doubleblind. WearSys 2017 will uniquely include two keynote talks. We also encourage attendees to attend the panel session on mHealth that will feature eminent academic and industry personalities working in wearable technologies for mobile healthcare research.
Active Flutter Suppression Using Reduced-Order Modeling for Transonic Aeroservoelastic Control Law Development

In this paper, several aerodynamic reduced-order models (ROMs) are generated and coupled with structural models to form aeroelastic ROMs. The aerodynamic ROMs generated here include the effects of control surface motion and are appropriate for use in aeroservoelastic applications. Simple observer-based full-state feedback controllers were designed from these aeroelastic ROMs. Additionally, observer gain matrices were designed from and coupled to the aeroelastic ROMs. Each (linear) observer was then used to estimate the dynamics of a (nonlinear) stand-alone computational fluid-structure dynamics simulation. Then, using the estimated states and the full-state feedback controller, control surface commands were fed back into the computational fluid-structure dynamics simulation to successfully achieve active flutter suppression. The process, as well as some results, are presented in this paper.
Assessment of anesthesia machine redesign on cleaning of the anesthesia machine using surface disinfection wipes.

Background The use of surface disinfection wipes after induction of anesthesia improves anesthesia machine cleaning. We assessed whether anesthesia machine surface redesign improves disinfection wipe cleaning by anesthesia residents. Methods Sixteen anesthesia residents were assigned to 2 cases in series. The first case was randomly assigned to regional knee or hip surgery, a brief or detailed checklist, and the Perseus A500 (redesigned) or GE Aespire 7900 (conventional) machine. The second case was assigned to the opposite for each condition. Setup checklists included cleaning instructions. Eight machine sites representing redesign were contaminated with fluorescent gel prior to setup and reassessed after setup to assess cleaning efficacy. Cleaning was compared by fluorescence quantification of before and after setup images. Our primary hypothesis was that, overall, more sites would be cleaned on the Perseus machine. Our secondary hypothesis was that redesign would affect some sites. Results Overall, the number of sites cleaned did not differ between machines (median 0.74 more sites out of 8 for the Perseus A500; 25th and 75th percentiles, –0.34 and 1.04; P = .093). However, greater cleaning was observed for the work surface and manual bag arm/hose of the Perseus machine (0.58 more sites out of 2; 25th and 75th percentiles, 0.35 and 1.05; P = .0004). Conclusions The number of sites cleaned overall did not differ between the conventional and redesigned Perseus A500 machines. However, the redesigned work surface and smooth manual bag arm features improved resident cleaning with surface disinfection wipes.
Essential Knowledge for Clinical Social Work Practice: Social Work Faculty Perspectives

ABSTRACTClinical social work educators have a critical role in defining clinical social work and conveying their understanding through their teaching. While there have been a few conceptual article...
Switches Know the Exact Amount of Congestion

Deployed congestion control algorithms rely on end hosts to figure out how congested the network is. Initially, for TCP, the congestion signal was packet drops; a binary signal that kicks in only after the congestion is well underway. More recently, the trend has been towards using RTT as a congestion signal instead (e.g. Timely and BBR). But RTT is a noisy surrogate for congestion; it contains a valuable signal about congestion at the bottleneck but also includes noise from the queuing delay at the non-bottlenecked switches. Taking a step back, it is worth asking: Why don't the switches and routers simply tell us the actual congestion they are experiencing? After all, they must keep track of the precise occupancy of their own queues anyway; they can directly tell the end-hosts. Conventional wisdom said this is too expensive (in terms of additional bits in headers, or complexity and power consumption). We argue that even if this was once the case, it no longer is. Today, it is quite feasible, with negligible increase in power or lost capacity, to report the precise queuing delay at the switches, allowing the end hosts to make more accurate decisions when minimizing required buffering. We explore how this might work using modern programmable switches and NICs that stamp each packet with the queue occupancy (or the maximum queue occupancy along the path), which can be thought of as a multi-bit ECN signal. We provide evidence that the resulting signal is a more accurate indication of congestion at the flow's bottleneck and can lead to higher link utilization and shorter flow completion times than RTT-based algorithms. Consequently, it becomes easier to control required buffer sizes. Our goal here is not to argue for a particular multi-bit ECN algorithm, but to point out that in the future, there is no longer a need to rely on noisy RTT measurements at the edges.
Expanding Transmission Capacity: Examples of Regulatory Paths for Five Alternative Strategies

Abstract Transmission capacity expansion using existing lines and rights-of-way (ROW) is a strategy that deserves greater attention. The need to acquire siting approval and ROW for a new line can increase a project timeline by many years, and in some cases may even lead to project cancellation. Projects that use or expand an existing ROW face different regulatory pathways and typically result in different responses from the public and other entities than those that involve siting an entirely new line. In order to identify and compare some of the issues that arise in reconductoring existing lines, expanding rights of way for existing lines, and building entirely new lines, we obtained input from a number of PUCs and siting authorities across the United States, reviewed a large number of projects, and identified the types of approvals that different types of projects can expect. In this paper, we develop a taxonomy of technical strategies that can be used to increase the capacity in an existing transmission corridor and identify the regulatory and other issues that must be addressed in each case. We compare these options with that of building an entirely new line and illustrate the various strategies with examples drawn from U.S. transmission projects that have been undertaken over the past 20 years.
Reaching Adulthood: Persistent Beliefs about the Importance and Timing of Adult Milestones:

Since 2000, transition to adulthood behaviors changed across gender and social class. Yet it is unclear whether these changes reflect a corresponding shift in beliefs. In particular, widening inequ...
Explainable AI for the Choquet Integral

The modern era of machine learning is focused on data-driven solutions. While this has resulted in astonishing leaps in numerous applications, explainability has not witnessed the same growth. The reality is, most machine learning solutions are black boxes. Herein, we focus on data/information fusion in machine learning. Specifically, we explore four eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) questions relative to Choquet integral; (i) what is the quality of our inputs and their interactions, (ii) how is the information being combined, (iii) what is the quality of our training data (and thus our learned models), and (iv) what trust do we place in an output? Previously, we derived an initial set of indices for (i)–(iv) on the premise of perfect knowledge. Herein, we make XAI more accurate by taking into consideration what the machine learned. A combination of synthetic data and real-world experiments from remote sensing for fusing deep learners in the context of classification are explored. Our approach leads to performance gain, insights into what was learned, and it helps us realize better future solutions.
Elementary Analysis in \(\mathbb{Q}_p\)

The field of p-adic numbers is in many ways analogous to the field of real numbers: it is a field with an absolute value, and it is complete with respect to the metric given by that absolute value.
Neurospheres and Glial Cell Cultures; from Plating to Cell Phenotyping.

Cell cultures constitute an important tool for research as a way to reproduce pathological processes in a controlled system. However, the culture of brain-derived cells in monolayer presents significant challenges that obscure the fidelity of in vitro results. This is because after a few number of passages, glial and neuronal cells begin to lose their morphological characteristics, and most importantly, their specific cellular markers and phenotype. In recent years, the discovery of neural progenitor cells, and the methodology to culture them in suspension maintaining their potentiality while still retaining the ability to differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons has made significant contributions to the fields of neuroscience and neuropathology.In the brain, progenitor cells are located in the germinal matrix, in the subventricular zone and play an essential role in the homeostasis of the brain by providing the source to replace differentiated cells that have been lost or damaged by different pathological processes, such as injury, genetic conditions, or disease. The discovery of these Neural Stem Cells in an organ traditionally thought to have limited or no regenerative capacity has opened the door to the development of novel treatments, which include cell replacement therapy. Here we describe the culture and differentiation of neural progenitor cells from Neurospheres, and the phenotyping of the resulting cells using immunocytochemistry. The immunocytological methods outlined are not restricted to the analysis of neurosphere-derived cultures but are also applicable for cell typing of primary glial or cell line-derived samples.
Applicant Preferences for Virtual Interviews: Insights from the 2020-21 Integrated Plastic Surgery Application Cycle

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented residency application cycle that required the use of virtual interviews. The inaugural class of applicants participating in virtual interviews were surveyed concerning their preferences and suggestions for future application cycles. Methods: A survey was distributed to 349 individuals who applied for an integrated plastic surgery residency position at three institutions during the 2020-21 application cycle. Responses were analyzed to determine the most popular attributes of virtual interviews. Results: Response rate was 44%. Eighty-six percent of applicants valued having time to consider their interview offers before scheduling;however, nearly one-third felt the instructions provided by programs lacked clarity and did not abide by the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons guidelines. Eighty-two percent of applicants valued having a preinterview social, and most preferred smaller breakout rooms organized by themes. A short interview day (less than three hours) was associated with less applicant familiarity with the program, its people, and its location when compared with medium (three to seven hours) and long (more than seven hours) interview days (P < 0.001 for all). Eighty percent of applicants preferred an interview day where they were placed into interview rooms by a program coordinator. Conclusions: The virtual interview format can be optimized in many ways to benefit both applicants and programs. The data presented in this article provide suggestions for future iterations of virtual interviews.
Gaussian-2-Blender: An Open-Source Program for Conversion of Computational Chemistry Structure Files to 3D Rendering and Printing File Formats

Gaussian-2-Blender is an open-source application programming interface (API) written in Python that allows for the conversion of Gaussian input files to 3D objects of different formats. This new tool was developed in response to the shortcomings of available programs to import Gaussian calculations into augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) applications, which are currently rising in numbers. Gaussian-2-Blender’s distinguishing features include (1) molecule renderings with proportional, scaled, and accurate atomic and ionic sizes, (2) rendering transient, hydrogen, and delocalized bonds, (3) batch conversion of multiple files, and (4) retention of Gaussian input numerical labels. These features are either not supported or difficult to achieve in other programs. The following report describes the key features of the tool and provides a comparison between this new tool and available programs.
Learning Model Predictive Controllers for Real-Time Ride-Hailing Vehicle Relocation and Pricing Decisions.

Large-scale ride-hailing systems often combine real-time routing at the individual request level with a macroscopic Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimization for dynamic pricing and vehicle relocation. The MPC relies on a demand forecast and optimizes over a longer time horizon to compensate for the myopic nature of the routing optimization. However, the longer horizon increases computational complexity and forces the MPC to operate at coarser spatial-temporal granularity, degrading the quality of its decisions. This paper addresses these computational challenges by learning the MPC optimization. The resulting machine-learning model then serves as the optimization proxy and predicts its optimal solutions. This makes it possible to use the MPC at higher spatial-temporal fidelity, since the optimizations can be solved and learned offline. Experimental results show that the proposed approach improves quality of service on challenging instances from the New York City dataset.
Recognition of Patterns in Protein Sequences by Metric Analysis

Metric analysis is a series of mathematical procedures useful for assigning the order of fragments generated during protein sequence determination and for measuring the similarity of the final amino acid sequence to other sequences. This analysis uses theoretically proven combinatorial algorithms that are implemented by digital computer programs. For a given sequence, the entire specified sequence is denoted as S and the set of all unspecified intervals present in S is designated as U. Algorithm SS calculates the evolutionary distance and all metric alignments between two specified sequences (1). Evolutionary distance is a metric function defined as the minimum number of nucleotide mutations, insertions, and deletions needed to interconvert two nucleic acid sequences that could code for the amino acid sequences. Algorithm SU finds all of the locally best ways to align a specified sequence (a pattern) with unspecified intervals of a longer sequence (2,3). Algorithm UU identifies the locally best ways to align unspecified intervals of one sequence with those of another (3).
On the Turbulent Convective Component of the Fair-Weather Current Density

A mathematical model of the eddy transport of space charge in a contaminant-free atmosphere is developed for oceanic regions in which surface radioactivity can be neglected. The model is formulated in terms of average net space charge density and average conductivity for scaling purposes. Non-dimensional parameters governing the vertical profiles of electric field, net space charge and conductivity are identified in terms of standard parameters of the constant-flux layer such as the friction velocity and roughness parameter, while electrical parameters are scaled according to the ratio of ionization rate to recombination coefficient. Several eddy diffusion coefficients are used in numerical experiments to investigate the influence of boundary layer stability and height of the exchange layer on the height of the electrical boundary layer.
Chapter IV Network flows

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fundamental ideas of network optimization. Networks provide a concrete setting for testing and devising new theories and serves as the major prototype for several theoretical domains and as the core model for a variety of min/max duality results in discrete mathematics. The chapter discusses (1) different ways to measure the performance of algorithms, (2) graph notation and various ways to represent networks quantitatively, (3) a few basic ideas from computer science, which underlie the design of many algorithms, and (4) two generic proof techniques, which have proved to be useful in designing polynomial-time algorithms. Networks arise in numerous application settings and in a variety of guises. The four different types of networks arising in practice are: physical networks, route networks, space-time networks, and derived networks. The network flow models are used for purposes such as, descriptive modeling, predictive modeling, and normative modeling.
Role of Exposure Data in Pesticide decision-Making

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of exposure data in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulatory decision making on pesticides. All these decisions are risk/benefit decisions, and exposure plays a key role in determining risk. Exposure analysis and risk analysis are necessary for all potential regulatory options to determine the options that are most appropriate. For example, respirator and protective clothing; water-soluble containers; flagging devices; enclosed cabs; technological innovations to application technology; aerial application during low wind conditions; and reformulations. Regulatory options are the means by which attempts are made to reduce the risk of a pesticide. Exposure analysis is very important to reduce risk by reducing exposure. Exposure analysis and risk analysis are necessary for all potential regulatory.