cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CAN Sniffing for Vehicle Condition, Driver Behavior Analysis and Data Logging

There are many Electronic Control Units (ECU) and sensors in a vehicle. The sensor information is sent via the Control Area Network (CAN) of a vehicle. Crucial data base by the CAN. This data may not be important to the driver, but if the CAN messages are analysed, then vehicle parameters and vehicle conditions can be determined. This data can determine ahead of time any possible future failure and the driver can be alerted about it. This paper presents standalone embedded system that could do the aforementioned task were valuable lives may be saved. The proposed hardware system acquires CAN data from a vehicle (CAN sniffing). The data is then processed and appropriate message is then displayed to the driver. The proposed system also stores the CAN messages on to an industrial grade SD card (CAN logging) for future analysis. The proposed system also perform driver behaviour and driving terrain analysis.
Integrating Health and Community Development for Health Equity: Philanthropic Investments in Baltimore City, 2010-2017.

Abstract Purpose: Achieving health equity requires addressing the social determinants of health, which philanthropy has supported through community development grants. This study analyzes health to...
LNG Operations Risk Analyses: Evaluation and Comparison of Techniques and Results

This paper surveys the results and compares the techniques that have been employed in LNG risk analysis for three prospective sites of large scale LNG import terminals. Risks may arise from LNG vessel operations near populated areas and from operations at the terminal. The probability of an accident occurring in LNG operations, that would be a significant threat to the public, is very small. Should such an accident occur, nevertheless, its consequences could be great. Moreover, it has to be recognised that, with a view to the differences in the models and hypotheses on which computations are based, significant uncertainties may affect final estimates.
Variedades de Durazno y Nectarina en la Florida

La Universidad de la Florida ha desarrollado cultivares de nectarina y durazno de alta calidad, bajo requerimiento de horas frio, y de maduracion temprana que pueden cultivarse desde el Panhandle de la Florida (noroeste del estado) tan al sur como Immokalee. Cultivares de bajas horas frio pueden crecer y producir fruta bajo las condiciones de la Florida que son mucho mas calidas en el invierno que en estados mas al norte. This 18-page fact sheet, translated by Tatiana Sanchez and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, is the Spanish-language version of CIR1159, Florida Peach and Nectarine Varieties, written by Ali Sarkhosh, Mercy Olmstead, Jose Chaparro, Pete Andersen, and Jeff Williamson.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1346
Microwave Single Pixel Imager (MSPI) Overview and Imaging Algorithm

An overview of the MSPI system and a description of the imaging algorithm is presented. The imaging algorithm relies on compressive sensing techniques, and also performs a super resolution operation. Quantified performance simulations are included, with discussion of how these results align with environmental remote sensing needs. The unique aperture is discussed in a separate paper.
Dynamical states and the conventionality of (non-) classicality

Itamar Pitowsky long championed the view that quantum mechanics (QM) is best understood as a non-classical probability theory. Here, I want to offer some modest caveats. One is that QM is best seen, not as a new probability theory, but as something narrower, namely, a particular probabilistic theory --- roughly, a class of probabilistic models, selected from within a much more general framework. It is this general framework that, if anything, deserves to be regarded as a ``non-classical" probability theory. However, as I will also argue, this framework represents a very conservative extension of classical probability theory, essentially just eliding a tacit, and contingent, assumption in the latter that measurements or experiments can always be performed together. Moreover, for individual probabilistic models, and even for probabilistic theories, the distinction between ``classical" and a ``non-classical" is largely a conventional one, bound up with the question of what one means by the state of a system. In fact, for systems with a high degree of symmetry, including quantum mechanics, it is possible to interpret general probabilistic models as having a perfectly classical probabilistic structure, but an additional dynamical structure: states, rather than corresponding simply to probability measures, are represented as certain probability measure-valued functions on the system's symmetry group, and thus, as fundamentally dynamical objects. Conversely, a classical probability space equipped with reasonably well-behaved family of such ``dynamical states" can be interpreted as a generalized probabilistic model in a canonical way. It is noteworthy that this ``dynamical" representation is not a conventional hidden-variables representation, and the question of what one means by ``non-locality" in this setting is not entirely straightforward.
Orbital perturbations on transiting planets: A possible method to measure stellar quadrupoles and to detect Earth-mass planets

The recent discovery of a planetary transit in the star HD 209458, and the subsequent highly precise observation of the transit lightcurve with Hubble Space Telescope, is encouraging to search for any phenomena that might induce small changes in the light curve. Here we consider the effect of the quadrupole moment of the parent star and of a possible second planet perturbing the orbit of the transiting planet. Both of these cause a precession of the orbital plane and of the periastron of the planet, which result in a long-term variation of the duration and the period of the transits. For a transiting planet at 0.05 AU, either a quadrupole moment similar to that of the Sun or the gravitational tug from an Earth-like planet on an orbit of semimajor axis ~ 0.2 AU and a relative inclination near the optimal 45 degrees would cause a transit duration time derivative of ~ 1 second per year.
'I Know My Rights, So You Go'n Need a Warrant for That:' The Fourth Amendment, Riley's Impact, and Warrantless Searches of Third-Party Clouds

Scholars have frequently suggested that the Fourth Amendment ought to be applied with varying degrees of rigor depending on the seriousness of the crime investigated. Courts have largely rejected such an offense-specific approach to constitutional protections, but have demonstrated deference to the Executive Branch in matters of national security in other contexts. The particularly heightened concern raised by the threat of terrorism suggests that, at least in the context of these most serious of cases, courts ought to engage in some form of balance that recognizes the uniquely strong government interest. Such an approach, however, has to recognize that the ease of electronic surveillance, and the commonplace transmission or storage of electronic data, provides the government an easily obtained treasure trove of an individual's life. An approach that balances these acute concerns is therefore required. Edward Snowden’s revelations divulged that with a great deal of ease, the National Security Agency is systematically conducting warrantless searches of the contents of Americans’ text and email communications, collecting information it alleges is useful for the war on terror. This article suggests that cloud-based data should be protected by the Fourth Amendment and should be treated like information stored in a home or office, which has well-defined Constitutional protections. But, recognizing national security concerns, the article recommends six factors that can rebut that presumption of protection. The article will explore the constitutionality of the statutes governing this area, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance and Stored Communications acts, and consider whether the special needs doctrine should be applied to dragnet searches. The article will conclude that in times of national security, rules governing the Fourth Amendment can be relaxed, but evidence obtained without a showing of probable cause must be inadmissible in a subsequent prosecution unrelated to that national security investigation.
Targeted Gq-GPCR activation drives ER-dependent calcium oscillations in chondrocytes.

Abstract The temporal dynamics of calcium signaling are critical regulators of chondrocyte homeostasis and chondrogenesis. Calcium oscillations regulate differentiation and anabolic processes in chondrocytes and their precursors. Attempts to control chondrocyte calcium signaling have been achieved through mechanical perturbations and synthetic ion channel modulators. However, such stimuli can lack both local and global specificity and precision when evoking calcium signals. Synthetic signaling platforms can more precisely and selectively activate calcium signaling, enabling improved dissection of the roles of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in chondrocyte behavior. One such platform is hM3Dq, a chemogenetic DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) that activates calcium signaling via the Gαq-PLCβ-IP3-ER pathway upon administration of clozapine N-oxide (CNO). We previously described the first-use of hM3Dq to precisely mediate targeted, synthetic calcium signals in chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells. Here, we generated stably expressing hM3Dq-ATDC5 cells to investigate the dynamics of Gαq-GPCR calcium signaling in depth. CNO drove robust calcium responses in a temperature- and concentration-dependent (1 pM–100 μM) manner and elicited elevated levels of oscillatory calcium signaling above 10 nM. hM3Dq-mediated calcium oscillations in ATDC5 cells were reliant on ER calcium stores for both initiation and sustenance, and the downregulation and recovery dynamics of hM3Dq after CNO stimulation align with traditionally reported GPCR recycling kinetics. This study successfully generated a stable hM3Dq cell line to precisely drive Gαq-GPCR-mediated and ER-dependent oscillatory calcium signaling in ATDC5 cells and established a novel tool to elucidate the role that GPCR-mediated calcium signaling plays in chondrocyte biology, cartilage pathology, and cartilage tissue engineering.
Assessing college students' interest in university-based oral health information and services.

Objective: To assess US college students’ (1) oral health behaviors and (2) interest in university-based oral health information and services. Participants: Students at a large public university in...
Association of PIK3CA, PTCH1, FGF6, and NRAS mutations with venous thromboembolism in advanced lung and gastrointestinal cancer.

e15087Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is common and increases morbidity and mortality. In advanced GI and NSCL...
Prevalence and risk factors for burnout in U.S. vascular surgery trainees.

Abstract Objective Burnout and suicidality are known risks for vascular surgeons above other surgical subspecialties, with surgical trainees at risk for exposure to factors that increase burnout. This study aimed to inform initiatives to improve wellness by assessing the prevalence of hazards in vascular training (mistreatment, duty-hour violations) and the rates of wellness outcomes (burnout, thoughts of attrition/specialty change/suicide). We hypothesized that mistreatment and duty-hour violations would predispose trainees to increased burnout. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of residents and fellows enrolled in accredited United States vascular surgery training programs using a voluntary, confidential survey administered during the 2020 Vascular Surgery In-Training Examination. The primary outcome assessed was burnout symptoms reported on a weekly basis or more frequently. The rates of wellness outcomes were measured. The association of mistreatment and duty hours with the primary outcome was modeled with multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 475 residents and fellows who were enrolled in one of 120 vascular surgery training programs completed the survey (84.2% response rate). Of 408 trainees completing burnout survey items, 182 (44.6%) reported symptoms of burnout. Fewer trainees reported thoughts of attrition (n = 42 [10.0%], specialty change (n = 35 [8.4%]), or suicide (n = 22 [4.9%]). Mistreatment was reported by 191 vascular trainees (47.3%) and was more common in female trainees (n = 63 [48.5%] reporting monthly or more frequently) compared with male trainees (n = 51 [18.6%]; P Conclusions Nearly one-half of vascular surgery trainees reported symptoms of burnout, which was associated with frequency of mistreatment and duty-hour violations. Interventions to improve well-being in vascular surgery must be tailored to the local training environment to address trainee experiences that contribute to burnout.
Assessing the biomechanical properties of nitinol staples in normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic bone models: A finite element analysis.

Abstract Objective Bone staples are internal fixation devices that are frequently used in the foot, ankle, and hand to provide stabilization. Fixation stability is vital after fusion or fracture surgeries to ensure proper bone healing. Patients undergoing surgeries that require fixation to keep bones aligned and stable may present with diminishing bone mechanical properties, and this may compromise the ability of the fixation hardware to maintain a stable construct. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical performance of shape memory and superelastic nitinol bone staples with different bridge geometries in normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic bone models. Contact forces and maximum principal stress and strain in the bone were recorded. Methods Finite element simulations of a bone staple fixation procedure were performed to examine the initial and post-surgery contact force, as well as the maximum principal stress and strain of 15 mm bridge and 20 mm bridge staple-bone constructs. Results Shape memory nitinol staples exhibited higher contact forces compared to superelastic nitinol staples. Nitinol bone staples with 20 mm bridge lengths displayed higher contact forces and lower stresses in all bone types, as well as lower strains in osteoporotic bone models compared to nitinol staples with a 15 mm bridge length. Conclusion Nitinol bone staple constructs with 20 mm bridge length staples provide higher contact forces and display lower stresses in the bone than 15 mm bridge staple-bone constructs, which may be beneficial in bone with diminishing mechanical properties. Both superelastic and shape memory effect nitinol staples provide adequate compression and stress relief. However, if osteopenia is present, shape memory effect nitinol staples with a 20 mm bridge length may provide more stress relief and compression, if the bone anatomy allows.
Worldwide Rural Dermatology Health Services Research

Rural dermatology faces many challenges across the United States and internationally that require an increased focus on health services research. The focus of this research should be in several areas that promise the potential for improving rural healthcare. First, among the vast number of dermatologic conditions, rural dermatologic problems are significantly different than those seen in urban populations and require special efforts to educate rural providers and the development of cost-effective treatments for rural citizens. Secondly, despite great efforts to provide dermatological care to an ever-growing number of underserved rural patients, a workforce shortage of rural dermatologists and other dermatology health care providers complicates efforts to find truly effective solutions. It is critical to study the implementation of rural physician programs that incentivize the relocation of existing dermatologists and increase the number of residency positions focused on training rural physicians. Rural manpower issues are even more acute in international rural areas. Finally, the use of teledermatology has allowed for the expansion of dermatological services to rural areas utilizing urban dermatology manpower. Whether “live action” or “store-and-forward” methods, patients can be managed by dermatologists with greater ease, time and cost savings related to patient travel, and decreased wait-times for clinic appointments. Teledermatology has also led to the implementation of educational and training programs for primary care providers, such as Project ECHO, to provide basic dermatology care allowing patients to avoid commuting to distant, urban centers. Further research is required to understand barriers to the provision of rural dermatology services and develop effective solutions to right-size the rural workforce, expand rural teledermatology, and provide the dermatologic care rural citizens deserve.
Ecclesiology, Scripture, and Tradition in the Dublin Agreed Statement

T his article analyzes some of the ecclesiological issues raised in Anglican-Orthodox ecumenical dialogue, particularly in the Dublin Agreed Statement of 1984, one of the documents produced by the international discussions between these two communions. It also examines the theological background to these issues.1 How Anglicans and Orthodox Christians understand the nature of the church is an interesting question in its own right; perhaps more important, however, is the fact that ecclesiological concerns have formed a critical, if not always explicit, backdrop to the unsteadiness of Orthodoxy's ecumenical relations with Anglicans and other Christian churches in recent years. In the summer of 1992, one spokesman for Orthodoxy in America wrote about Orthodoxy's "ecumenical estrangement"2 not only from Anglicans but also from western Christians in general. After articulating what he thought
In-Plane Thermal Conductivities of CFRP Composites Interleaved With Dissimilar Conductive Media

Four types of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) specimens were prepared with prepregs. Three of the four composite specimens have embedded dissimilar material sheets intended to improve in-plane thermal conductivities. The co-cured subsurface enhancements are non-woven carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets, metallic wire mesh, and metallic surface cladding. One dimensional, steady-state, thermal conduction experiments were carried out using a thermocouple array in a well-insulated space between a heat source and a heat sink. Accounting for heat losses and thermal contact resistances, a best-fit curve from an experimental temperature distribution profile is used to calculate thermal conductivities for all composite specimens. Mechanical property degradations due to the added thermal enhancements were measured using in-plane stiffness, flexural strength, and interlaminar shear strength as benchmarks. The thermal conductivity of the CNT sheet enhanced composite improved by 18% with an insignificant decrease in mechanical properties.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A Test of Political Control of the Bureaucracy: The Case of Mergers (Manuscript Version)

This paper tests a model of political control of the bureaucracy using a data set of mergers evaluated by the Federal Trade Commission between 1983 and 2000. The results support a sophisticated control model in which the President sets the agenda within the scope of policies acceptable to Congress. Changes in Presidential administration and in the composition of Congress can, but do not necessarily, affect merger policy. Instead, the shift in policy depends on how the institutions of the Presidency and Congress interact both in the previous and current periods
Chlorophyll anomalies along the critical latitude at 30°N in the NE Pacific

[1] The dissipation of surface tidal energy into internal tides plays a critical role in ocean mixing. However, quantifying the spatial distribution of this energy flux, which is required for ocean and climate modeling, has been largely based on modeling efforts and there is a need for validating observations. The summer development of large blooms of chlorophyll along 30°N in the E. Pacific is presented as evidence of enhanced tidal mixing. The region near 30° is a “double” critical latitude, with a transformation of internal waves occurring at both diurnal and semidiurnal frequencies. The breakdown at the critical latitude of internal waves generated at Hawaii could provide the physical mechanism to explain these blooms. The blooms develop in a region characterized by a weak summer surface stratification, which is therefore more susceptible to mixing.
Catalytic Properties of p-Mercuribenzoate-modified Transglutaminase

Abstract Reaction of p-mercuribenzoic acid (PMB) with transglutaminase in the presence of 50 mm CaCl2 results in parallel losses in transferase, hydrolysis, and esterase activities of the enzyme. Complete loss in catalytic activities was estimated, by the use of 14C-labeled PMB, to be associated with the binding of 1 mole of reagent per molecule of enzyme protein. The PMB-inactivated enzyme is readily reactivated by treatment with reduced glutathione. PMB, added at the level of 2 moles per mole of enzyme protein in the absence of Ca++, is quantitatively bound and causes pronounced changes in the catalytic activity toward amide substrates, but no change in activity toward active ester substrates. With benzyloxycarbonyl (Z)-l-glutaminylglycine, where deacylation of acyl enzyme intermediate is the rate-limiting step for hydrolysis by native transglutaminase, the PMB modification causes a significant increase in the Michaelis constant, but no change in the maximum velocity for hydrolysis. However, with Z-d-glutaminylglycine and Z-α-l-glutamyl(γ-glycine ethyl ester)glycine, where acylation of enzyme is rate-limiting for transfer with native enzyme, the binding of PMB results in a pronounced reduction in the maximum velocity for transfer in each case. These kinetic findings form the basis for a conclusion that the binding of PMB in the absence of Ca++ causes a reduction in the rate of formation of covalent acyl intermediate from enzyme and the acyl portion of amide substrates. The differences in reactivity of PMB with transglutaminase in the presence and in the absence of Ca++, as reflected in the catalytic properties of the modified enzymes, are in accord with earlier observations that a Ca++-induced conformational change in the enzyme protein influences its reactivity toward modifying agents. Dissociation constants for Ca++, 8 ± 1 and 7 ± 1 x 10-3 m, estimated from the catalytic changes that occur upon the binding of PMB, are in good agreement with those determined from other direct binding studies.
Divergent Metabolic Pathways for Propane and Propionate Utilization by a Soil Isolate

The metabolism of propane and propionate by a soil isolate (Brevibacterium sp. strain JOB5) was investigated. The presence of isocitrate lyase in cells grown on isopropanol, acetate, or propane and the absence of this inducible enzyme in n-propanol- and propionate-grown cells suggested that propane is not metabolized via C-terminal oxidation. Methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase and malate synthase are constitutive in this organism. The incorporation of (14)CO(2) into pyruvate accumulated during propionate utilization suggests that propionate is metabolized via the methyl-malonyl-succinate pathway. These results were further substantiated by radiorespirometric studies with propionate-1-(14)C, -2-(14)C, and -3-(14)C as substrate. Propane -2-(14)C was shown, by unlabeled competitor experiments, to be oxidized to acetone; acetone and isopropanol are oxidized in this organism to acetol. Cleavage of acetol to acetate and CO(2) would yield the inducer for the isocitrate lyase present in propane-grown cells.
The Linguistics of Speech

This insightful study proposes a unified theory of speech through which conflicting ideas about language might be understood. It is founded on a number of key points, such as the continuum of linguistic behaviour, extensive variation in language features, the importance of regional and social proximity to shared linguistic production, and differential frequency as a key factor in linguistic production both in regional and social groups and in text corpora. The study shows how this new linguistics of speech does not reject rules in favour of language use, or reject language use in favour of rules; rather, it shows how rules can come from language as people use it. Written in a clear, engaging style and containing invaluably accessible introductions to complex theoretical concepts, this work will be of great interest to students and scholars of sociolinguistics, dialectology and corpus linguistics.
The Fcc's Name Game: How Shifting Regulatory Classifications Affect Competition

This article examines the consequences in using service definitions as the basis for a vertically driven regulatory regime in telecommunications despite converging markets and technologies. The article examines Internet-mediated telephone service as a case study for showing problems resulting from the Federal Communications Commission'd use of vertical regulatory silos that develop a single regulatory status regardless of whether changed circumstances favor a change in regulation. Vertical regulation makes it difficult for incumbent stakeholders to change their regulatory classification. Incumbent telephone service providers continue to fit within the basic telecommunications services, common carrier regulatory model even as newcomers manage to provide a competitive alternative that qualifies for little regulation based on the information services classification. The article proposes the use of a horizontal, layered approach to regulation consistent with what the European Union has endorsed. Adding to what others have written about a layered approach to telecommunications regulation, the article identifies likely difficulties in the implementation of a horizontal regulatory model, and also suggests remedies.
A theoretical determination of the radiative lifetimes of the A 2Σ+ and B 2Δ states of CF

Abstract The potential curves for the X 2 Π, A 2 Σ + and B 2 Δ states of the CF molecule have been determined using large Gaussian basis sets and accounting for electron correlation with the CASSCF/multireference CI method. The transition moment function between the X 2 Π and A 2 Σ + state is found to undergo a dramatic change at 2.6 a 0 where an avoided crossing between the A 2 Σ + and a higher lying 2 Σ + state causes a significant change in the character of the wave function. Both the A 2 Σ + and B 2 Δ states are calculated to be metastable species dissociating to C( 3 P) + F( 2 P). For the A 2 Σ + state both the radiative lifetime and unimolecular decay lifetime for tunneling through the potential barrier have been computed.
Variations in fluconazole susceptibility and DNA subtyping of multiple Candida albicans colonies from patients with AIDS and oral candidiasis suffering one or more episodes of infection.

Five Candida albicans colonies from each infection in AIDS patients receiving fluconazole therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis over a 2-year period were evaluated by antifungal susceptibility testing and DNA subtyping, and the results were correlated with clinical response to determine the occurrence of clinically significant selection of more-resistant C. albicans over multiple infections. A total of 534 C. albicans isolates were obtained from 38 patients who exhibited 84 episodes of infection. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that the MICs for 93% of the isolates were or = 64 microg/ml. DNA subtyping revealed 70 different subtypes, with 78% of patients with one infection exhibiting one DNA subtype and 80% of patients with more than one infection exhibiting multiple DNA subtypes. Also, patients who had multiple infections had lower CD4 counts than those with single infections. Differences between the single-infection group and the multiple-infection group regarding the number of DNA subtypes and CD4 counts were both statistically significant. Of the 74 evaluable infections all were successfully treated with regular-dose (100-mg/day) fluconazole, except for three patients who ultimately responded to higher-dose fluconazole. Only one patient may have shown clinically significant selection of a more-resistant C. albicans strain over multiple courses of treatment. Interestingly, MICs reached only 8.0 microg/ml, even though doses of 400 mg of fluconazole were necessary for clinical cure.
Regulation of noradrenergic function by inflammatory cytokines and depolarization

Although the sympathetic neurons innervating the heart are exposed to the inflammatory cytokines cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) after myocardial infarction, the effects of these cytokines on noradrenergic function are not well understood. We used cultured sympathetic neurons to investigate the effects of these cytokines on catecholamine content, the tyrosine hydroxylase co-factor, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and norepinephrine (NE) uptake. CT-1, but not IL-6 or TNFalpha, suppressed NE uptake and catecholamines in these neurons, whereas CT-1 and, to a lesser extent, IL-6 decreased BH4 content. CT-1 exerted these effects by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase, GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH) and NE transporter mRNAs, while IL-6 lowered only GCH mRNA. The neurons innervating the heart are also activated by the central nervous system after myocardial infarction. We examined the combined effect of depolarization and cytokines on noradrenergic function. In CT-1-treated cells, depolarization caused a small increase in BH4 and NE uptake, and a large increase in catecholamines. These changes were accompanied by increased TH, GCH and NE transporter mRNAs. CT-1 and depolarization regulate expression of noradrenergic properties in an opposing manner, and the combined treatment results in elevated cellular catecholamines and decreased NE uptake relative to control cells.
Reoperationalising the loyalty framework.

The purpose of this study was to operationalise loyalty as a segmentation tool utilising both psychological and behavioural measures (as suggested by Backman, 1988), while recognising the vast differences between the types of loyalty possible by acknowledging the differences between first time visitors and actual ‘loyal’ visitors (as suggested by Opperman, 2000). Secondary purposes of the study included the identification of differences between the segments derived. The proposed framework identified an easy to utilise, and effective segmentation tool. It was also revealed that the proposed framework can be very useful for segmenting cruise passengers into distinct homogeneous groups. Specific managerial implications are discussed.
Structure of the mannoheptose-containing pentaglycosyldiacylglycerol from Acholeplasma modicum.

Abstract The pentaglycosyldiacylglycerol from Achqleplasma modicum strain Squire (PG 49) has the structure: D-galactopyranosyl-(1 2-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 3)- d -glycero- d -mannoheptopyranosyl-(1 3)- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 2)- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 1)-diacylglycerol.
Identifying Extractible Resin Fragments in Durable Press Cotton by 13C-NMR Spectroscopy:

Fabrics padded with either N,N'-dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), 4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DHEU), or N,N'-dimethylethyleneurea (DMeEU) were subjected to drying and curing conditions over a range of temperatures from ambient to 160°C. A portion of each fabric remained unwashed and a portion was given a neutral wash with a nonionic detergent. In all cases, 13C-NMR spectra of neutral extracts at 40°C or 80°C of the fabrics treated with DHEU or its derivatives revealed the presence of the reactants and, in the case of DMDHEU, formaldehyde, in ap proximately millimolar concentrations. The extracts of washed fabrics that had been treated with DMeEU contained no chemicals. The results confirm that the crosslinking reactions and the methylolation reactions are reversible, and indicate that permanent sorption of these chemicals on the cotton without reaction is unlikely. All DMDHEU treated fabrics released small amounts of formaldehyde when exposed to moisture and elevated temperature.
Autoradiographic quantification of adrenergic receptors in rat kidney.

Autoradiographic quantification of adrenergic receptors in rat kidney. The adrenergic nervous system is active in kidney function, and the kidney has large numbers of adrenergic receptor subtypes. Because of the cellular complexity of the kidney, it is difficult to obtain direct assessments of adrenergic receptor binding characteristics over specific tissue compartments. Qualitative autoradiography allows the localization of adrenergic receptors over tissue types in the kidney, but quantitative autoradiography allows direct comparison of adrenergic receptor number over different cellular compartments. The purpose of this study was to obtain direct assessments of alpha 1 alpha 2 , and beta adrenergic receptor numbers over different tissue compartments of the kidney using quantitative autoradiography. Sections of Sprague-Dawley rat kidney were incubated in several concentrations of 3 H-dihydroalprenolol to label beta receptors, 3 H-prazosin to label alpha 1 receptors and 3 H-rauwolscine to label the alpha 2 receptors. Sections of rat heart incubated in 3 H-dihydroalprenolol were included as standards. The sections were then prepared for receptor autoradiography. After processing, the grains were then quantified on an image analysis system, and binding curves constructed from the specific binding. In some animals, the proximal tubules were stained to localize the proximal convoluted tubules. Significant Scatchard analyses were obtained in the glomeruli with dihydroalprenolol (5.18 × 10 9 receptors/mm 3 ) and with rauwolscine (2.48 × 10 9 receptors/mm 3 ). Significant Scatchard analyses were obtained in the cortex with rauwolscine (9.47 × 10 9 receptors/mm 3 ) and with prazosin (3.9 × 10 9 ). In addition, specific binding was seen with rauwolscine and prazosin to the kidney arterioles. Qualitative analysis of the alkaline phosphatase activity in sections indicated that rauwolscine and prazosin binding was associated with proximal tubules, while dihydroalprenolol binding was associated with distal convoluted tubules. Straight tubules approaching the medulla were labeled with dihydroalprenolol. These data indicate that there are approximately twice the number of beta receptors on the glomeruli as alpha 2 receptors, and that the proximal convoluted tubules have approximately three times as many alpha 2 receptors as alpha 1 receptors. Alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors are localized on arterioles, and beta receptors are associated with distal convoluted tubules and straight tubular elements in the kidney. These data demonstrate that adrenergic receptor subtype and number varies considerably among the tissue compartments of the kidney.
Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

A significant number of proteins are regulated by subcellular trafficking or nucleocytolasmic shuttling. These proteins display a diverse array of cellular functions including nuclear import/export of RNA and protein, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. Interestingly, major cellular reorganizations including cell division, differentiation and transformation, often involve such activities3,4,8,10. The detailed study of these proteins and their respective regulatory mechanisms can be challenging as the stimulation for these localization changes can be elusive, and the movements themselves can be quite dynamic and difficult to track. Studies involving cellular oncogenesis, for example, continue to benefit from understanding pathways and protein activities that differ between normal primary cells and transformed cells6,7,11,12. As many proteins show altered localization during transformation or as a result of transformation, methods to efficiently characterize these proteins and the pathways in which they participate stand to improve the understanding of oncogenesis and open new areas for drug targeting. Here we present a method for the analysis of protein trafficking and shuttling activity between primary and transformed mammalian cells. This method combines the generation of heterokaryon fusions with fluorescence microscopy to provide a flexible protocol that can be used to detect steady-state or dynamic protein localizations. As shown in Figure 1, two separate cell types are transiently transfected with plasmid constructs bearing a fluoroprotein gene attached to the gene of interest. After expression, the cells are fused using polyethylene glycol, and protein localizations may then be imaged using a variety of methods. The protocol presented here is a fundamental approach to which specialized techniques may be added.
Inhibition of Candida albicans Growth by Calprotectin in the Absence of Direct Contact with the Organisms

Calprotectin is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein that is present in neutrophil cytoplasm and abscess fluid supernatants. This protein appears to inhibit microbial growth through competition for zinc; however, experiments to show that calprotectin can inhibit growth of microorganisms across filter membranes have yielded conflicting results to date. To prevent recontamination of the filtrate by zinc in this type of experiment, Candida albicans was cultured on filter membranes placed on top of an agarose gel containing calprotectin. In these studies, calprotectin in the gels underneath did suppress growth on top of the filters, an effect reversible by 30 microM ZnSO4. In other experiments, the protein did not adhere to the organisms and later suppress their growth. These results indicate that calprotectin inhibits C. albicans growth in the absence of direct contact with the organisms; the findings support a zinc-deprivation mechanism of antimicrobial activity for this protein.
Conditions for Social Responsibility

This article explores the relationship between cultural integrity, diversity, and social responsibility. The obligations and opportunities of responsible citizenship in a complex diverse society po...
Family Versus Campus Influences in Relation to Mate Selection

There seems to be no question that, within broad limits, the principle of homogamous mating has been well established. (6) Early studies concentrated upon assortative mating for physical and mental characteristics and more recently the emphasis has been upon homogamy in social and personality characteristics. Homogamy, as opposed to h-terogamy, has been established in -imost every case. Exceptions to the general rule have been seriously suggested only in the areas of sex-linked personality types and in what are often termed personality needs. (9)
Chiral transition in the SU(2) Higgs model with dynamical fermions

Abstract We studied the phase diagram of the lattice formulation of the SU(2)-Higgs model with dynamical fermions. The Yukawa coupling of the fermion fields to the Higgs field is set to zero. The dynamical fermions are included via the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm. Extensive comparison is made with previous results obtained by Aoki, Lee and Shrock simulating the same model by the Langevin method. We argue that the current status of lattice investigations does not eliminate the possibility of the Abbott-Farhi phase.
Parton branching equations and scaling

We show that solutions to the parton branching equations scale in the KNO sense and that the asymptotic distributions are completely determined by the branching equations. KNO distributions are found to have a Diracdelta singularity. We also find recurrence relations forC-moments.
Simultaneous-integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) in the treatment of early-stage left-sided breast carcinoma

We assessed the feasibility and impact of simultaneous-integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) in the treatment of left breast carcinoma and compared target coverage and normal tissue doses with SIB-IMRT and 3-dimensional (3D) conformal RT using opposed tangential fields. For each of 10 patients with early-stage left-sided invasive breast carcinoma, 5 plans were generated; the first 4 were 3D conformal opposed tangential fields-2 with wedges, 2 with compensators and either photon or electron boost. A dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was prescribed to the left breast and an additional 16 Gy in 8 fractions to the lumpectomy bed. When compared to the tangential plans, SIB-IMRT maintained coverage (V(95%)) to the left breast and lumpectomy bed without significantly increasing the left breast maximum dose. SIB-IMRT was able to reduce the lung mean dose, maximum dose, and the V(20) by 55-104 cGy, 983-1298 cGy (p < 0.001), and 3.7-4.4%, respectively. In addition, SIB-IMRT reduced the maximum heart dose by 1032-1173 cGy and contralateral breast dose was increased (although p = NS). The mean and maximum dose to the unspecified tissues was also significantly reduced by 81-88 cGy and 516-942 cGy, respectively. SIB-IMRT resulted in a significant improvement in target dose conformality by up to 67%. Our findings that SIB-IMRT could improve dose conformality, reduce total treatment times, and reduce some of the normal structure doses presents it as an alternative technique for adjuvant breast radiotherapy; however this needs to be studied further in the clinic setting.
Non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in hematopoiesis.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells that are responsible for life-long generation of blood cells of all lineages. In order to maintain their numbers, HSCs must establish a balance between the opposing cell fates of self-renewal and initiation of hematopoietic differentiation. Multiple signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of HSC cell fate. One such set of pathways are those activated by the Wnt family of ligands. The function of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which utilizes β-catenin to regulate gene expression, has been extensively studied in hematopoiesis. However, there is a growing body of evidence that the other Wnt signaling pathways, termed non-canonical, also play an important role. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of hematopoiesis by the Wnt signaling pathways, focusing on the potential functions of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways.
Radioimaging of human ovarian carcinoma xenograft in nude mice

Human ovarian carcinomas in nude mice were radioimaged using a well-characterized antibody against a tumor-associated antigen (CA 125) and three transplantable human ovarian carcinoma tumor lines: NIH:OVCAR 3, NIH:OVCAR 5, and NIH:OVCAR 9. Radioiodinated monoclonal antibody OC125 was used in these studies. In order to establish the optimal conditions for imaging, tumor/blood ratios were determined. Gamma scintigraphy of nude mice bearing subcutaneous transplants of human ovarian carcinomas 3-4 days after 131I-OC125 administration demonstrated selective localization of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody by these tumors without need for any background subtraction techniques.
Technology and Work: Future Issues for Career Guidance

Advances in communication and microcomputer technologies are having a dramatic impact on our personal and vocational lives. This article focuses on possible consequences for career guidance professionals.
Culture, communication, and the challenge of globalization

This essay deals with the problematics that globalization poses for critical communication scholarship. Globalization challenges our understanding of culture and identity in ways that both open up new directions for communication scholarship and invite a rethinking of current ones. First, we discuss how difference is unsettled and re/staged in the context of globalization. Second, we address how uneven patterns of global processes are enacted through cultural practices produced by the transnational flows of images and capital. This essay explores several areas of contemporary global growth with the overall objective of demonstrating the urgency of rethinking the study of culture in critical communication studies. One of the most important implications of globalism is simply that there is no longer a space elsewhere. This means that instead of thinking in terms of displacements, a movement elsewhere, it is important for cultural studies to think in terms of dis-location, which is the transformation of plac...
Unsupervised learning of arbitrarily shaped clusters with application to image database categorization

Clustering is considered as one of the most important tools to organize and analyze large multimedia databases. In Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), Clustering can be used to categorize a large collection of images. This organization can be used to: ( i ) build an indexing structure; ( ii ) build a navigation system; or ( iii ) show the user the most representative images in a query by visual example. Most existing clustering techniques assume that the clusters have well-defined shapes (spherical or ellipsoidal). Thus, they are not suitable for image database categorization where images are usually mapped to high-dimensional feature vectors, and it is hard to even guess the shape of the clusters in the feature space. In this paper, we first describe a clustering approach, called SyMP, that can identify clusters of various shapes. Then, we demonstrate its ability to generate an efficient and compact summary of an image database. SyMP is based on synchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators. It is robust to noise and outliers, determines the number of clusters in an unsupervised manner, and identifies clusters of arbitrary shapes. The robustness of SyMP is an intrinsic property of the synchronization mechanism. To determine the optimum number of clusters, SyMP uses a dynamic and cluster dependent resolution parameter. To identify clusters of various shapes, SyMP models each cluster by an ensemble of Gaussian components.
Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation: roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili

We have used Escherichia coli as a model system to investigate the initiation of biofilm formation. Here, we demonstrate that E. coli forms biofilms on multiple abiotic surfaces in a nutrient-dependent fashion. In addition, we have isolated insertion mutations that render this organism defective in biofilm formation. One-half of these mutations was found to perturb normal flagellar function. Using defined fli, flh, mot and che alleles, we show that motility, but not chemotaxis, is critical for normal biofilm formation. Microscopic analyses of these mutants suggest that motility is important for both initial interaction with the surface and for movement along the surface. In addition, we present evidence that type I pili (harbouring the mannose-specific adhesin, FimH) are required for initial surface attachment and that mannose inhibits normal attachment. In light of the observations presented here, a working model is discussed that describes the roles of both motility and type I pili in biofilm development.
Copper(I) chemistry of bis(pyrazolyl)diphenylborate ligands: formation of a heterocycle by Cu-mediated acetonitrile addition.

Cycloaddition of CH3CN to a Ph2B(pz) fragment was discovered during explorations of the reactions of the new ligands Ph2B(pzR,R‘)2- (pz = 3,5-R,R‘-pyrazolyl; R = Ph, R‘ = H and R and R‘ = CH3) with [Cu(CH3CN)4]SbF6. Thus, while treatment of Na[Ph2B(pzPh,H)2] with [Cu(CH3CN)4]SbF6 afforded [Ph2B(pzPh,H)2]Cu(HpzPh,H) that exhibited the expected bidentate coordination of the bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligand in its X-ray crystal structure, the analogous reaction with Na[Ph2B(pzCH3CH3)2] led to the product shown in the figure.