cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a new causal chain model for predicting embedded psychosocial and behavioral relationships in a community-based obesity treatment seeking maintained weight loss.

A new causal chain model positing theory- and research-based interrelationships among psychosocial and behavioral variables leading to weight loss and its maintenance was assessed. Two samples of women participating in community-based cognitive-behavioral obesity treatments were assessed over either 6 months (weight loss phase; N = 103), or additionally including Months 6-12 (weight-loss maintenance phase; N = 101). Analyses first evaluated whether baseline physical, demographic, behavioral (physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake), and/or psychosocial (self-regulation, self-efficacy, negative mood) variables significantly predicted weight change. Further analyses assessed whether changes in model-based behavioral and psychosocial variables significantly differed by groupings of participants based on their short-term weight loss and weight-loss maintenance/further loss. The predictive value of changes in the psychosocial variables on behavioral changes was next assessed, also accounting for group. Finally, mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses tested proposed causal chain-based interrelationships among variables. Of the 12 variables assessed at baseline, only weight was inversely associated with lost weight, and only fruit/vegetable intake was positively associated with effects during the weight-loss maintenance phase. Overall improvements in behavioral and psychosocial variables were significantly greater in participant groupings with better weight loss and weight-loss maintenance results. Changes in self-regulation, self-efficacy, and mood significantly predicted the weight-loss behavior changes, unaffected by group. Results from the five mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses supported hypotheses based on the new causal chain model. The field testing indicated adequacy of the new causal chain model and informed architectures of behavioral obesity treatments concerned with long-term reductions in excess weight.
Inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species improves coronary endothelial function after cardioplegic hypoxia/reoxygenation.

OBJECTIVE Cardioplegic ischemia-reperfusion and diabetes mellitus are correlated with coronary endothelial dysfunction and inactivation of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Increased reactive oxidative species, such as mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, may contribute to oxidative injury. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxidative species may protect coronary small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and endothelial function against cardioplegic ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. METHODS Small coronary arteries and endothelial cells from the hearts of mice with and without diabetes mellitus were isolated and examined by using a cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation model to determine whether the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo could protect against coronary endothelial and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel dysfunction. The microvessels or mouse heart endothelial cells were treated with or without Mito-Tempo (0-10 μM) 5 minutes before and during cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation. Microvascular function was assessed in vitro by vessel myography. K+ currents of mouse heart endothelial cells were measured by whole-cell patch clamp. The levels of intracellular cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+) concentration, mitochondrial reactive oxidative species, and small conductance calcium-activated potassium protein expression of mouse heart endothelial cells were measured by Rhod-2 fluorescence staining, MitoSox, and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation significantly attenuated endothelial small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity, caused calcium overload, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxidative species of mouse heart endothelial cells in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups. In addition, treating mouse heart endothelial cells with Mito-Tempo (10 μM) reduced cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced Ca2+ and mitochondrial reactive oxidative species overload in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (P < .05). Treatment with Mito-Tempo (10 μM) significantly enhanced coronary relaxation responses to adenosine 5'-diphosphate and NS309 (P < .05), and endothelial small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel currents in both the nondiabetic and diabetes mellitus groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Administration of Mito-Tempo improves endothelial function and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity, which may contribute to its enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation after cardioplegic hypoxia and reoxygenation.
Detectability of Habitable Exomoons with \boldsymbol {\it Kepler}-Class Photometry

In Chzp. 6, I discussed how extrasolar moons may be detected around transiting planets by searching for timing deviations in both transit minima and duration (TTV and TDV respectively). Whilst the theory and modelling of these effects has been covered in detail in the previous chapter, there has been little discussion of how feasible this enterprise actually is.
Black Holes at the Cosmic Dawn

Optically bright "quasars" in the early universe represent a critical phase of black hole evolution when the black holes acquired most of their mass. The quasars are located within galaxies that are locations of active star formation, and the processes of star formation and black hole evolution are believed to be closely connected. In his Perspective, [Fan][1] highlights a report by [ Carilli et al .][2] that sheds light on star formation in a quasar host galaxy. By exploiting the gravitational-lensing effect, the authors are able to spatially resolve the structure of the molecular gas in the distant quasar. The data enable them to calculate the star-formation rate in the host galaxy. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5620/752 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/300/5620/773
Potential Impacts of a Western Pacific Grapsid Crab on Intertidal Communities of the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Population density and size distribution, salinity tolerance, and feeding activity were examined in a western Pacific grapsid crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, that was recently introduced to the mid-Atlantic coast of North America. Seasonal abundance on a boulder/cobble shore (Crane Neck Pt.) in central Long Island Sound, New York, USA, during 1997–1998, ranged from 7 to 10 crabs m−2 averaged over the entire intertidal zone. Crabs occurred throughout the intertidal during summer and fall, but appeared to move from high to low elevations during winter. In laboratory experiments, H. sanguineus tolerated salinity down to 10 ppt for 7 d, but showed significant preference for 20 or 27 ppt over 10 ppt. The crabs readily consumed juvenile snails (Littorina littorea) and mussels (Mytilus edulis), as well as other common species of macroalgae and invertebrates occurring at Crane Neck Pt. High feeding rates and the ability to consume littorine snails up to 13 mm in height and mussels up to 20 mm in length suggest that this nonindigenous species has the potential to significantly affect the structure of rocky intertidal communities in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean; however, rigorous field studies are needed to accurately determine the impact of this recent introduction.
Optimal Pricing and Permissions Strategy for Virtual Good Creators in Second Life

Second Life is an open-ended 3D virtual world where users can social network, participate in various activities, and create and trade virtual goods with each other. Due to increasing broadband Internet access, virtual worlds are rapidly emerging as an alternative means to the real world for communicating, collaborating, and organizing economic activities. The vibrancy of the Second Life economy in particular has caught the attention of many. Creators of virtual goods in Second Life can sell their creations for Linden dollars, which is exchangeable for real currencies such as U.S. dollars. An interesting phenomenon is that the creator of a virtual good can assign different permissions such as "copy", "modify" or "resell/give away" to the virtual good to be traded. These different permission settings have different impacts on the creator's profit. We compare eight scenarios of possible permission settings in the monopoly situation and find the optimal choice of permission setting as well as the corresponding pricing strategy. Our analytical results demonstrate that the "resell/give away" permission brings both opportunity and risk to the monopolist and influences consumer behavior most significantly in Second Life. Specifically, as long as the consumers' valuation of the virtual good does not decay dramatically, it is always profitable for the monopolist to apply the "resell/give away" permission to his virtual world creation. The more new users enter Second Life, the more profitable it is for the monopolist to assign "resell/give away". We also extend the model to a simple duopoly situation and show that the creators will earn the most revenue when they both apply the "resell/give away" permission to their virtual goods or neither of them uses the setting.
Improving nurse practitioner assessment of woman veterans.

Purpose: To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with brief screening tools that can be used to identify postmilitary healthcare concerns common among women veterans. Data sources: Existing screening tools for posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and military sexual trauma. Conclusions: Women represent more than 10% of military veterans who have served in combat settings during the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. As a result of their military service, women veterans may present in community healthcare settings with one or more of a variety of functional health problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, or other evidence of significant physical or psychiatric stress. Their families may be temporarily or permanently unstable as a result of the disruption caused by their military service, deployment, or health status. Implications for practice: NPs who are aware of the unique healthcare needs of women veterans returning from combat will be better prepared to assess and intervene when these patients present with symptoms or health consequences of military service. Simple, straightforward assessments can determine the extent to which women veteran patients require intervention during wartime and/or referral.
Germline BRCA2 Gene Mutations in Patients with Apparently Sporadic Pancreatic Carcinomas

Germline mutations in BRCA2 predispose carriers to the development of breast, ovarian, and a variety of other cancers. The original localization of the BRCA2 gene was aided by its homozygous deletion in a pancreatic carcinoma; indeed, an excess of pancreatic carcinoma has been seen in some BRCA2 cancer families. To determine the involvement of BRCA2 in pancreatic carcinomas, we screened for BRCA2 alterations in an unselected panel of 41 adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (30 pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts and 11 pancreatic cancer cell lines). Of the 15 (27%) that had allelic loss at the BRCA2 locus, 4 (9.8%) had abnormalities in the second allele upon screening of the entire BRCA2 gene by in vitro synthesized protein assay. Three of the four mutations were considered germline in origin (7.3% overall; two were confirmed in normal tissue, and one was the 6174delT mutation from the pancreatic cancer cell line CAPAN-1, for which normal tissue was unavailable). The identification of two 6174delT mutations in this series prompted us to evaluate the prevalence of this mutation in an overlapping consecutive series of 245 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Sequence analysis of this limited region of the gene identified two additional mutations: ( a ) one additional germline 6174delT mutation (2 of 245, 0.8% overall); and ( b ) a second nearby germline 6158insT mutation. One of the patients with a germline mutation had a single relative with breast cancer, and another had a single relative with prostate cancer. None had a family history of pancreatic cancer. The incidence of germline BRCA2 mutations in apparently sporadic pancreatic cancer may be at least as high as in breast or ovarian cancer. Our results suggest that some familial risks for carcinoma will be evident only through a population-based application of gene screening techniques because a low disease penetrance of the germline mutations in some families often evades clinical suspicion.
Peirce's Critique of Hegel's Phenomenology and Dialectic

Although Peirce clearly and repeatedly stated his intention to construct a philosophical system, each of his attempts in that direction is at best fragmentary and some are ultimately incoherent. The ambiguities of Peirce's cosmology, his theory of meaning and his conception of truth cannot be avoided by anyone who carefully considers his own "guess at the riddle." Rather than cataloguing these puzzles, I hope to give at least a partial account of why they remain in the work of a philosopher who was avowedly systematic, possessed great analytic and synthetic powers, and had an acute sense of the physiognomy of the major schools of philosophy. My account will be somewhat indirect, and therefore partial, because it attempts to acquire some perspective on Peirce's own philosophical method by considering his criticism of Hegel. Like many others, Peirce regards Hegel as the systematic philosopher of the nineteenth century. In reviewing the great philosophical systems of the past he goes further than this by mentioning only two of independent significance, the Aristotelian (with alterations by "Descartes, Hobbes, Kant and others"!) and "the new Schelling-Hegel mansion, lately run up in the German taste, but with such oversights in its construction that it is already pronounced uninhabitable" "(I.!).1 Although the uninhabitable mansion is elsewhere said to be "a pasteboard model of a philosophy that in reality does not exist" (6.305), Peirce also declares that it is closely allied to pragmaticism, differing from it in its denial of the categories of Firstness and Secondness (5.436). Among the aspects of HegePs system which Peirce explicitly found congenial are evolutionism, the denial of an unknowable thing-in-iteslf, a recognition of the principle of continuity, objective idealism, and triadic structure. In some areas, such as the conception of the summum bonum and the attempt to construct a non-dualistic account of thought and action, there are additional deep similarities which Peirce did not remark. Why then does Peirce pronounce Hegelianism to be the mere sketch of a philosophical system? Aside from the general charge that Hegel was weak in mathematics and formal logic, Peirce offers a detailed critique of Hegel's phenomenology and categorial system and of his conception of philo-
A stage-contingent model of design and growth for technology based new ventures

Abstract Stage of growth developmental models have traditionally been used to enhance our understanding of the organizational creation and growth process. Until recently, most of this literature has been primarily conceptual and descriptive. This paper presents a stage of growth model theorized to hold for technology based new ventures. The model consists of four stages (Conception and Development, Commercialization, Growth, and Stability) and views each stage of growth as a reflection of the dominant problems faced over the course of growth by the venture. The model predicts that the organization of a venture will be a function ofthe dominant problems that define a stage of growth. More specifically, it is argued that a technology based venture's rate of growth depends, in part, on the consistency or “fit” between its stage of growth and certain structural features of its organization, including decision-making centralization and formalization, and functional specialization in the areas of marketing and sales, manufacturing, and engineering/ technology. Data were collected from 105 technology based ventures in the electronics, computer, and peripherals industries to test the model. The results were generally consistent with the theory and showed that centralization of decision-making decreased as the firms moved to higher stages, while formalization of decision making increased in higher stages. Specialization of roles in the functional areas of manufacturing and marketing also increased by stage; however, specialization in the engineering and technology functions remained high across all stages. The contingency hypothesis was also supported, indicating that technology based ventures growth is partially attributable to the fit between a venture's stage of growth and aspects of its structure. These findings indicate that different patterns of decision-making and functional specialization are required at each stage if growth is to be achieved. As such, this research validates a long standing but untested belief in the venture management field that performance of new ventures depends upon,
A window into the interior of asteroid Vesta

On the asteroid Vesta, a large, deep impact basin, called Rheasilvia, exposes the mantle below the asteroid's crust, providing a window into Vesta's interior. The impact that formed the basin is thought to have kicked out pieces of Vesta to form the Vestoids, smaller asteroids whose orbits suggest that they originated from Vesta. The Vestoids may be the parent bodies of the howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites.
Using Maps to Monitor At-Risk Geographic Areas of Heart Disease: Tracking Access to Prescription Medication and Mortality Rates

This manuscript describes a method of identifying at-risk regions for heart disease morbidity and mortality in the United States using the creative combination of spatial visualization, spatial statistics, and two unique datasets. There are very few health surveillance systems in the United States that monitor the prevalence of major diseases and the geographic location in which they are most highly concentrated. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the world’s largest ongoing system of tracking health conditions and risk behaviors in the U.S. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010a), is arguably the gold standard of the existing disease surveillance systems currently in the United States, but it is not available at the sub-state level. Although there is a need for improved monitoring of morbidity, scientists must be even more creative in their assessments of medically underserved or deprived areas in regards to a crucial component of treating chronic illness: access to prescription medication. This article describes a methodology by which scientists can assess medically underserved regions with the use of maps in combination with disease-specific data on access to medication and mortality.
Temperature dependence of ethanol depression in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice

The relationship between environmental temperature, body temperature and brain sensitivity to ethanol was investigated in male C57BL/6S and BALB/cS mice. Age-matched, drug-naive mice of both strains were injected with 3.6 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v) and placed into a chamber kept at one of eight designated temperatures from 12 to 36 degrees C. Chamber temperature significantly affected wake-up rectal temperatures, sleep-times and wake-up brain ethanol concentrations in the intoxicated mice. Wake-up rectal temperatures were significantly, positively correlated with sleep-times and significantly, negatively correlated with wake-up brain ethanol concentrations in both strains. Linear regression analyses indicated that up to 47% of the variability in ethanol sensitivity of C57 mice and up to 31% of the variability in sensitivity of BALB mice could be accounted for by their wake-up rectal temperatures suggesting that the effects of ambient temperature on ethanol sensitivity were mediated, in part, by the resultant body temperatures. These results replicate and extend previous findings and demonstrate that temperature dependence of ethanol depression is not strain specific. The correlational and regression analyses provide additional evidence that brain sensitivity to ethanol depression varies with body temperature in accordance with membrane perturbation theories of anesthesia.
INTERACTION OF VIOLOGEN DYES WITH CHROMATOPHORES AND REACTION‐CENTER PREPARATIONS FROM RHODOSPIRILLUM RUBRUM

—Various low-potential viologen dyes enhance light-induced absorption changes in the near-infrared region (ΔA870) in chromatophore preparations from Rhodospirillum rubrum in the presence of dichlorophenol indophenol and a high concentration of ascorbate (DCPIP + asc). An increase in ΔA870 was also observed in large reaction-center preparations from R. rubrum with viologens in the presence of ascorbate. Our results indicate that E'0, of the primary electron acceptor X may be as low as -0.37 V, as suggested recently by P. A. Loach (1973, personal communication).
Narration and Vividness as Measures of Event-Specificity in Autobiographical Memory.

The event specificity of autobiographical memories refers to the degree to which retold memories include specific details about a unique personal experience from a variety of representational systems supported by different brain areas. This article proposes 2 text measures as indicators of event specificity: (a) a measure of temporal sequence in narration (Labov & Waletzky, 1967; Nelson & Horowitz, 2001) and (b) referential activity (RA; Bucci, 1997). Temporal sequence in narration measures the degree to which a personal memory includes clauses spoken in the same order as the speaker's representation of events. RA is text vividness, or the extent to which words clearly refer to a speaker's detailed cognitive, sensory, and emotional experiences. This article hypothesizes that temporal sequences and RA are both signs of speaker activation of event-specific memories and should be positively correlated. Using 55 transcripts from high school students interviewed about their “most stressful time,” this article ...
Gaia's breath—global methane exhalations

Abstract Methane (CH 4 ) is the most abundant organic compound in the Earth's atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas and thus has implications for global climate change. The current atmospheric CH 4 budget, however, does not take into account geologically-sourced CH 4 seepage. Geological sources of CH 4 include natural macro- and micro-seeps, mud volcanoes, and other miscellaneous sources such as gas hydrates, magmatic volcanoes, geothermal regions, and mid-ocean ridges. Macro-seeps contribute ∼25 Tg (teragrams) CH 4 /yr to the atmosphere, whereas, micro-seepage contributes perhaps 7 Tg CH 4 /yr. Mud volcanoes emit ∼5 Tg CH 4 /yr, and miscellaneous sources emit ∼8 Tg CH 4 /yr to the atmosphere. Thus, the total contribution to the atmosphere from geological sources is estimated to be 45 Tg CH 4 /yr, which is significant to the atmospheric organic carbon cycle and should be included in any global inventory of atmospheric CH 4 . We argue that the atmospheric CH 4 global inventory of the Interplanetary Panel on Climate Change must be adjusted in order to incorporate geologically-sourced CH 4 from naturally occurring seepage.
Severity of Histopathologic Abnormalities and In Vivo Epileptogenicity in the In Utero Radiation Model of Rats Is Dose Dependent

Summary: Purpose: Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are a frequent cause of refractory epilepsy in humans. The in utero radiation model in rats shares many clinical and histopathologic characteristics with human MCDs. Previous studies reported the presence of clinical seizures in radiated rats, but also suggested a dose-dependent differential effect. Methods: Time-pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were irradiated on embryonic day E17 with 100 cGy (low dose), 145 cGy (medium dose), 175 cGy (high dose), or were left untreated. Their adult litters were implanted with bifrontal epidural and hippocampal depth electrodes and underwent long-term video-EEG monitoring. After 2 weeks of monitoring, the animals were killed and their brains processed for histological studies. Results: Spikes were most frequently found in the rats that were subjected to low- and medium-dose radiation at E17 and were less frequently seen in the animals that were subjected to high-dose radiation. No interictal spikes were found in any of the control animals. Seizures were recorded in three of five animals of the medium-dose group. Histological studies showed a dose-dependent decrease in cortical thickness as well as an increase of cortical and hippocampal disorganization. Conclusions: In vivo epileptogenicity in radiated animals was present only in mild or moderate MCD. No in vivo epileptogenicity was seen in severe radiation-induced MCD.
Avian photoreceptors and their role in the regulation of daily and seasonal physiology

Birds time their activities in synchronization with daily and seasonal periodicities in the environment, which is mainly provided by changes in day length (=photoperiod). Photoperiod appears to act at different levels than simply entraining the hypothalamic clock via eyes in birds. Photoreceptor cells that transmit light information to an avian brain are localized in three independent structures, the retina of eyes, pineal gland and hypothalamus, particularly in the paraventricular organ and lateral septal area. These hypothalamic photoreceptors are commonly referred to as encephalic or deep brain photoreceptors, DBPs. Eyes and pineal are known to contribute to the circadian regulation of behavior and physiology via rhythmic melatonin secretion in several birds. DBPs have been implicated in the regulation of seasonal physiology, particularly in photoperiod induced gonadal growth and development. Here, we briefly review limited evidence that is available on the roles of these photoreceptors in the regulation of circadian and seasonal physiology, with particular emphasis placed on the DBPs.
Trained vs. untrained searchers' interaction with search features in digital libraries: A case study

This case study explores how trained and untrained searchers interact with search features in a digital library. Thirty five trained and untrained searchers completed the experiment. The results indicate that the usage of the search modes is significantly associated with the participants' search training background. The study also suggests that the untrained participants prefer to accept the system's default search field and search results display format. The suggestions for improving the interaction design in IEEE Xplore digital library are proposed and future studies are addressed.
From experience to law: Leo Strauss and the Weimar crisis of the philosophy of religion

This paper is a study of the origins of Leo Strauss's thought, arguing that its early development must be understood in the context of the philosophy of religion of late Wilhelmine and Weimar Germany. More specifically, it shows that Strauss's early works were written against the background of Kantian philosophy and post-Kantian accounts of religious experience, and that his turn towards medieval law as a topic and ideal was precipitated by the critique of those accounts by radical Protestant theologians writing in the post-World War I era of crisis. Ironically, then, Strauss's investment in premodern Judaism—and his related rejection of modern philosophy—had important Christian origins.
Ketoprofen nanoparticle gels formed by evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution

Aqueous nanoparticle gels of a poorly-water soluble drug, ketoprofen, were produced by evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution (EPAS). Liquid droplets of surfactant stabilized ketoprofen containing residual solvent were dispersed in water from 60 to 90°C below the melting point of pure ketoprofen. The carboxylic acid group in ketoprofen dissociates in pure water, providing electrostatic stabilization of the droplets to complement steric stabilization. Stable amorphous ketoprofen particles with a mean size of 135 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering, were formed with only 0.1% w/v poloxamer 407, resulting in an exceptionally high drug-to-surfactant ratio of 10:1. For 5% w/v poloxamer 407, interactions with ketoprofen produced a bluish, transparent gel composed of ∼50 nm particles. In 2 min, 98% of the ketoprofen in the gel nanoparticles dissolved. The favorable interactions between the ketoprofen and poloxamer 407, along with the electrostatic and steric stabilization, lead to gelation, which further stabilizes the unusually small particles. The rapidly dissolving wet gels with extremely small particle sizes, one month stability, and relatively low viscosities, are of interest in transdermal and parenteral delivery; furthermore, the gels may be dried for oral delivery. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Mariner mars 1969 navigation, guidance and control

Design, mechanization, and flight test results of the Mariner Mars 1969 navigation, guidance and control systems, are discussed. A trajectory design section describes near-earth launch trajectory, planetary targeting and constraints, as well as the tradeoffs made on the trajectory selection. Among the factors considered are reliability, direct ascent vs. parking orbit and higher spacecraft weight vs. extended launch window. Guidance and orbit determination factors are discussed, including earth-based radio and spacecraft optical navigation and the accuracy of orbit determination and maneuver execution. The control systems section identifies differences in the attitude control, midcourse maneuver, and science instrument scan pointing systems from those used in previous Mariner spacecraft. A description is given of the new Central Computer and Sequencer (CC&S) system, used for the first time on this mission, which allows extremely flexible spacecraft operation using in-flight reprogramming of the computer memory by radio command. Finally, reliability summaries and performance evaluations permit conclusions as to the effectiveness of the Mariner Mars 1969 navigation, guidance, and control systems to conduct near-term and more advanced planetary missions.
Who Benefits from Local Job Growth: Migrants or the Original Residents?

BARTIK T. J. (1993) Who benefits from local job growth: migrants or the original residents?, Reg. Studies 27, 297–311. This paper surveys research on whether the new jobs resulting from growth in a local economy (e.g. a metropolitan area) go to inmigrants or the original local residents. The empirical evidence suggests that around one-quarter of the new jobs from local growth increases the labour force participation rates of local residents in the long-run. These long-run effects may occur because local growth provides residents with valuable employment experience. Research also suggests that minorities benefit most from growth and that higher wage industries provide greater employment benefits for local residents. BARTIK T. J. (1993) Qui est-ce qui beneficie de la croissance d'emploi locale: les migrants ou la population autochtone?, Reg. Studies 27, 297–311. Cet article etudie la recherche effectuee dans le but d'evaluer si les nouveaux emplois dus a la croissance d'une economic locale (par exemple une ...
Low-temperature thermal studies on six organo-sulfur compounds

Abstract Low-temperature calorimetric studies were made on pure samples of 3-methyl-1-butanethiol (12 to 370 K), 3-methyl-2-butanethiol (12 to 370 K), 2-methylthiacyclopentane (12 to 370 K), 3-methylthiacyclopentane (12 to 336 K), cyclopentyl-1-thiaethane (12 to 370 K), and phenyl-1-thiaethane (12 to 320 K). From the above measurements the following thermodynamic functions at selected temperatures were calculated for the condensed phases: −{G s (T) − H(0)} T , { H s ( T ) − H (0)}, S s ( T ), and C s . By use of accurate vapor pressuresfrom this laboratory, S o ( g , 298.15 K) was obtained for each compound. From previously published values of ΔH t o for all six compounds and the measured value of S o ( g , 298.15 K), ΔG f o , and log 10 K t o were calculated.
Response of embryos of the american oyster, Crassostrea virginica, to heavy metal mixtures

Abstract The response of embryos of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica , to various combinations of two or three metals (copper, mercury and zinc as the nitrates and chlorides) was studied in the laboratory at the optimal temperature and salinity regime for their development. The experimental design was a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial experiment using copper concentrations of 0,8 and 16 ppb; zinc concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 ppb and mercury concentrations of 0, 6 and 10 ppb. Highly significant toxic synergism was observed in the copper-zinc mixtures and three-metal mixtures of both salts, particularly at high concentrations. Although the chloride salt appeared to be slightly more toxic than the nitrate salt, the overall difference was not significant.
SU‐E‐T‐701: Equivalence and Differences Between Robust Optimization Methods and PTV Based Optimization Method for IMRT and IMPT

Purpose: The similarity and differences between varies robust optimization methods and PTV based optimization method for photon and proton are still confused for many people. Here is the first clear presentation about the relationship between them. Methods: The dose distributions of a PTV based IMRT and IMPT plan of a non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient are calculated with the alignment uncertainty of 5mm and range uncertainty of ±3.5% (proton). The data is analyzed to compare the sensitivity of PTV based IMRT and IMPT plan to setup and range uncertainties. Probabilistic, minimax worst case and voxel based worst case optimization methods are compared with PTV safety margin based optimization method with a simple conceptual example. Results: Relative to the isocenter, the dose distributions (dose cloud) of IMRT plan is very static, and the dose distribution of IMPT plan is sensitive to range and setup uncertainties. For IMPT plan, the PTV coverage decreases only in the edge area when the volume moves outside the dose cloud and the CTV coverage is pretty well. For proton, the isodose line of the prescription dose may break inside the CTV and underdose may happen in the middle of the CTV. Comparing various robust optimization methods with PTV based method shows that the two worst case optimization methods are equal to the PTV based method for photon and more robust for proton. Conclusion: PTV based optimization method is only robust for photon because it tries to deliver the dose to the whole space where CTV may occupy (PTV) based on nominal anatomy; while the worst case method and minimax worst case methods are robust for both photon and proton because they not only try to deliver the dose to the whole space where CTV may occupy, but also optimize the dose distribution based on changed anatomy.
A walk on the applied side: Sociology and training research

This article presents a topic that sociologists rarely research but which holds great promise for the future—training. Sociologists spend a good deal of time investigating education but generally neglect the field of training. Little effort is spent on investigating training, why it’s done, how it’s done, what effect it has, who gets it, when it’s appropriate, or where it takes place. Sociologists tend to leave these issues to psychologists of various specialties or to professional trainers and training developers. The article identifies some major training-related issues, sociological specialty areas that apply to training-related research, areas of research that are of likely interest to sociologists and what sociologists might do to get involved in training research.
Gender-specific correlates of sex trade among homeless and marginally housed individuals in San Francisco

Objective: Sex exchange is a well-established risk factor for HIV infection. Little is known about how correlates of sex trade differ by biologic sex and whether length of homelessness is associated with sex trade. We conducted a cross-sectional study among a sample of 1,148 homeless and marginally housed individuals in San Francisco to assess correlates of exchanging sex for money or drugs. Key independent variables included length of homelessness; use of crack, heroin or methamphetamine; HIV status; and sexual orientation. Analyses were restricted by biologic sex. In total, 39% of women and 30% of men reported a lifetime history of sex exchange. Methamphetamine use and greater length of homelessness were positively associated with a history of sex trade among women, while heroin use, recent mental health treatment, and homosexual or bisexual orientation were significantly associated with sex trade for men. Crack use was correlated with sex trade for both genders. Correlates of sex trade differ significantly according to biologic sex, and these differences should be considered in the design of effective HIV prevention programs. Our findings highlight the critical need to develop long-term services to improve housing status for homeless women, mental health services for homeless men, and drug treatment services for homeless adults involved in sex work.
The effect of pentachlorophenol on the metabolism of the snail Australorbis glabratus.

Abstract 1. 1. Aerobic exposure of living snails to low concentrations (7.5 × 10 −6 M , 2 ppm) of pentachlorophenol (PCP) resulted in the accumulation of acetate, lactate, pyruvate, and inorganic phosphate in their tissues. 2. 2. PCP, in very low concentrations (2 × 10 −6 M ) stimulated the respiration of living snails while higher concentrations (2 × 10 −6 M ) were inhibitory. Similar results were observed with minced snail tissues. 3. 3. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the molluscicidal property of PCP is due, at least partially, to its ability to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation.
Probing Potential Medium Effects on Phosphate Ester Bonds Using 18O Isotope Shifts on 31P NMR

Dipolar aprotic cosolvents, such as DMSO and acetonitrile, accelerate the rates of hydrolysis of phosphate monoester dianions. It has been speculated that the rate acceleration arises from the disruption of hydrogen bonding to the phosphoryl group. An aqueous solvation shell can stabilize the dianionic phosphoryl group by forming hydrogen bonds to the phosphoryl oxygens, whereas solvents such as DMSO are incapable of forming such bonds. It has been proposed that the loss of stabilization could result in a weakened P−OR ester bond, contributing to the observed faster rate of hydrolysis. Computational results support this notion. We have used the 18O-induced perturbation to the 31P chemical shift to ascertain whether solvent changes result in alterations to the P−O(R) bond. We have studied 16O18O-labeled methyl, ethyl, phenyl, p-nitrophenyl, diethyl p-nitrophenyl, triphenyl, and di-tert-butyl ethyl phosphate in the solvents water, methanol, chloroform, acetonitrile, dioxane, and DMSO. The results suggest no...
Simulation as play: a semiotic analysis

This article discusses the distinction between algorithmic and experiential simulations from a semiotic perspective. Parallels are drawn between theories and definitions of play, and theories and d...
Does Lung Donation By Heart Donors Impact Survival in Heart Transplant Recipients

s S35 recipient-donor matching tool that models survival for potential recipients when a donor heart becomes available.
Resistance to physician use of the biopsychosocial model

Abstract Although many primary care physicians support the biopsychosocial model of health care in principle, many do not use it. Seventeen common beliefs which operate as specific resistances were uncovered. Awareness of these beliefs may help liaison psychiatrists and other mental health professionals in primary care settings to increase physician use of the biopsychosocial approach.
Forgiveness in response to cultural microaggressions

This study investigated prevalence and impact of cultural microaggressions among adults. When participants were asked to describe a time when they had been wronged by another person, approximately 7% identified a cultural microaggression. Adults who experienced a cultural microaggression reported significant levels of distress and moderate levels of unforgiveness (revenge and avoidance) toward the perpetrator. Victims also reported moderate levels of forgiveness about the event. There were no significant differences between victims of cultural microaggressions and victims of other interpersonal offenses in measures of event-related distress and forgiveness. Results are discussed in the context of better understanding the responses of forgiveness after the experience of microaggressions predicated on the victim's status in a nonmajority group. Implications for counseling are presented.
Use of peroxidase:anti-peroxidase immune complexes as markers for Fcγ receptors in vitro

In species for which monoclonal antibodies are not yet available, the demonstration of Fc receptors has relied on a variety of ligand-based assays including the binding of antibody-coated erythrocytes, radiolabeled monomeric immunoglobulin, and non-physiologic aggregates of immunoglobulin. In order to study the binding of small immune complexes to Fc receptors on canine monocytes, a new method was developed using an enzyme-linked immune complex. The ability of rabbit polyclonal peroxidase:anti-peroxidase (PAP) immune complexes to bind to freshly isolated canine peripheral blood monocytes was characterized using standard ELISA techniques. The binding of rabbit polyclonal PAP to monocytes was time and concentration dependent and reversible. This binding was saturable with increasing concentrations of PAP and could be blocked by soluble rabbit IgG or rabbit Fc fragments. The blocking and saturation curves for canine monocytes were suggestive of multiple classes of Fc gamma binding sites. In contrast to intact PAP complexes, the binding of F(ab) PAP preparations or free horseradish peroxidase was minimal. The use of commercially available PAP preparations provides a reproducible, inexpensive, and non-radioactive measure of Fc gamma receptor binding on canine cells. In addition, these findings suggest caution in using heterologous PAP as a histochemical reagent in tissues expressing Fc gamma receptors.
Impact of aggregation on scaling behavior of Internet backbone traffic

We study the impact of aggregation on the scaling behavior of Internet backbone tra ffic, based on traces collected from OC3 and OC12 links in a tier-1 ISP. We make two striking observations regarding the sub-second small time scaling behaviors of Internet backbone traffic: 1) for a majority of these traces, the Hurst parameters at small time scales (1ms - 100ms) are fairly close to 0.5. Hence the traffic at these time scales are nearly uncorrelated; 2) the scaling behaviors at small time scales are link-dependent, and stay fairly invariant over changing utilization and time. To understand the scaling behavior of network traffic, we develop analytical models and employ them to demonstrate how traffic composition -- aggregation of traffic with different characteristics -- affects the small-time scalings of network traffic. The degree of aggregation and burst correlation structure are two major factors in traffic composition. Our trace-based data analysis confirms this. Furthermore, we discover that traffic composition on a backbone link stays fairly consistent over time and changing utilization, which we believe is the cause for the invariant small-time scalings we observe in the traces.
Utility of admission serum lactate in pediatric trauma

Abstract Background/Purpose Serum lactate measurement has a predictive value in adult trauma. To date, there has been no prospective analysis of the predictive value of admission serum lactate in pediatric trauma. Methods Admission serum lactate was prospectively measured over a two year period on all children under age 15years who met trauma alert criteria at an urban Level 1 trauma center. Elevated serum lactate (>2.0mmol/L) was correlated with Injury Severity Scores (ISS), injury types, and hospital outcomes. Results A total of 277 injured children with admission lactate measurements were evaluated. Patients with elevated lactate had higher mean ISS than those with normal lactate (12.8 vs. 5.1, p 15). Lactate measurements over 4.7mmol/L were highly specific (95.8%) for injury. Conclusions Elevated admission venous lactate level is associated with injury and outcomes, but lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity. Lactate over 4.7mmol/L is strongly suggestive of severe injury, while lactate below 2.0mmol/L is reassuring for not having injury. Lactates between 2.0 and 4.7mmol/L remain indeterminate in predictive potential for injury or outcomes.
Complex fluids at interfaces

Abstract The modification of the surface properties of solids by complex fluid coatings is ubiquitous in our modern world. However, many fundamental questions about the solid/coating interface remain to be answered such as: (1) how does the surface quality vary with time, (2) what affects the adhesion between the surfaces. (3) how are the properties of thin complex fluid films influenced by the proximity of a solid interface, and (4) how may we modify these properties for particular functionality. In this paper, we report the results from two separate studies aimed at answering some of these questions. In each case, neutron reflectivity results obtained using the SPEAR reflectometer at the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center were used to probe the structure of the solid/complex fluid interface.
Preparation and characterization of the 110 K superconducting phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system☆

Abstract Superconducting properties of the Bi2SrχCayCu3Oz system are studied in the composition range 1.2⩽χ⩽2.2 and 2⩽y2.4. Both resistivity and low field magnetization data are presented. Both types of measurements show the development of the 110 K phase from a low-Tc phase as the Sr content is reduced from 2.2 to 1.2. Best results are obtained for the nominal composition Bi2Sr1.6Ca2Cu3Oz. The very similar character of the resistive and inductive transition for two phase samples is attributed to interlayering of the two phases.
Cyclic GMP and neurone death (reply)

Experience dont la validite devrait etre confirmee ulterieurement selon laquelle le GMP cyclique previendrait la mort cellulaire des motoneurones de l'embryon de poulet
Ricin-binding properties of acid hydrolases from isolated lysosomes implies prior processing by terminal transferases of the trans-Golgi apparatus

Acid hydrolases were isolated from the lysosome fraction of beta-galactosidase-deficient human fibroblasts and from the mannose 6-phosphate containing medium in which they were grown. Nearly half of the total beta-hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase from both sources bound to Ricin specifically. Lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase, metabolically labelled with [35S]-methionine, was also fractionated on Ricin-agarose. SDS-PAGE of immunoprecipitates from Ricin-binding and non-binding fractions revealed approximately equivalent amounts of cross-reacting material at the appropriate MW. We interpret these results to mean that acid hydrolases which are segregated to lysosomes are exposed to trans-Golgi processing enzymes to about the same extent as enzymes which are secreted, and that segregation by the Man 6-P receptor occurs after transit through the trans-Golgi compartment.
Semi-commutators of Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space

In this paper several necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the semi-commutator $$T_{\bar f} Tg - T_{\bar fg} $$ of Toeplitz operators $$T_{\bar f} $$ andT g with bounded pluriharmonic symbols on the unit ball to be compact on the Bergman space. Using $$M$$ -harmonic function theory on the unit ball we show that $$T_{\bar f} Tg - T_{\bar fg} $$ with bounded pluriharmonic symbolsf andg is zero on the Bergman space of the unit ball or the Hardy space of the unit sphere if and only if eitherf org is holomorphic.