cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of habitual runners and anorexia nervosa patients

Psychological and physiological similarities have been proposed between habitual runners and anorexia nervosa patients. Method: Twenty male runners, 20 female runners, and 17 anorexia nervosa patients were evaluated using several psychological measures (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Leyton Obsessional Inventory, and three measures of body image) and physiological measures (physical examination, anthropometric assessment, and exercise treadmill tests). Results: Anorexia nervosa patients had significantly more evidence of psychopathology on all the psychological measures than either group of runners. There were suggestive similarities between female runners and anorexics on some of the body image tests. Fat content was in the normal range for both groups of runners and low in the anorexia nervosa group. Abnormalities were seen on the treadmill tests in all three groups, but there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Despite hypothetical similarities, this study found that anorexia nervosa patients and habitual runners have few similar psychological or physiological features. © 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 23:133–143, 1998.
Forward hadronic scattering at 7 TeV: An update on predictions for the LHC

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has successfully run for a long period at half energy, 7 TeV. In this note, we update earlier full-energy LHC forward hadronic scattering predictions [M. M. Block, Phys. Rep. 436, 71 (2006).], giving new predictions, including errors, for the $pp$ total and inelastic cross sections, the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ value, the nuclear slope parameter $B$, $d{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{el}}/dt$, and the large gap survival probability at the current 7 TeV energy.
Investigation of helium plasmas near material surfaces

Experiments have been performed on a linear, lower-hybrid-wave-heated plasma device in which a low-temperature, magnetized, helium plasma of collisionality ∼1–10 is produced. The plasmas are directed onto a biasable graphite target. Axial and radial Langmuir probe measurements were taken with 1 mm spatial resolution and 10 ms temporal resolution as a function of target bias. The achieved peak pressure is nT≈1.5×1014 cm−3 eV. In the low recycling mode of operation, the plasma density is found to decrease about a factor of 2 with decreasing distance from the target, while the electron temperature remains constant. These results have been compared with plasma simulations made with the B2 2D fluid code, modified to include radial transport and atomic physics of helium.
Implicit and Nonparametric Shape Reconstruction from Unorganized Data Using a Variational Level Set Method

In this paper we consider a fundamental visualization problem: shape reconstruction from an unorganized data set. A new minimal-surface-like model and its variational and partial differential equation (PDE) formulation are introduced. In our formulation only distance to the data set is used as our input. Moreover, the distance is computed with optimal speed using a new numerical PDE algorithm. The data set can include points, curves, and surface patches. Our model has a natural scaling in the nonlinear regularization that allows flexibility close to the data set while it also minimizes oscillations between data points. To find the final shape, we continuously deform an initial surface following the gradient flow of our energy functional. An offset (an exterior contour) of the distance function to the data set is used as our initial surface. We have developed a new and efficient algorithm to find this initial surface. We use the level set method in our numerical computation in order to capture the deformation of the initial surface and to find an implicit representation (using the signed distance function) of the final shape on a fixed rectangular grid. Our variational/PDE approach using the level set method allows us to handle complicated topologies and noisy or highly nonuniform data sets quite easily. The constructed shape is smoother than any piecewise linear reconstruction. Moreover, our approach is easily scalable for different resolutions and works in any number of space dimensions.
Viewing age: Lifespan identity and television viewing choices

This paper introduces a theoretical perspective on media viewing choices that is grounded in social identity theory. The idea that viewing choices are driven by age identity motivations is tested via a content analysis and an experiment. The content analysis demonstrates that child, younger adult, and older adult television viewers demonstrate a preference for viewing characters of their own age. The experiment demonstrates that young adults’ preference for viewing young adult characters exists even when the content of the program is controlled. The findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical perspective, and implications for previous research on underrepresentation of particular groups on television are explored.
Predictors of outcome in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: an evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the context of clinical factors.

We hypothesized that the number of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T-cells (CTCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs), shown to have prognostic value in other lymphoproliferative disorders, could predict survival in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Sixty-two patients were diagnosed with PTLD between 1987 and 2007, with 44 cases representing monomorphic B-cell PTLDs with diffuse aggressive morphologic features. Of these 44 cases, 31 had sufficient tissue for further study. On univariate analysis, high tumor infiltrating CD3+ T-cell (≥550/10 hpf) and TIA-1+ CTC (≥300/10 hpf) counts were associated with favorable overall survival (OS), PTLD-specific survival (PTLD-SS), and progression-free survival (PFS) while Treg counts were not predictive of outcome. However, on multivariate analysis, clinical factors were the most powerful predictor of PTLD outcome (performance status and CHOP as first line therapy for OS; performance status and number of extranodal sites for both PTLD-SS and PFS).
Melt water input from the Bering Glacier watershed into the Gulf of Alaska

The annual runoff from the melting of large glaciers and snow fields along the northern perimeter of the Gulf of Alaska is a critical component of marine physical and biological systems; yet, most of this freshwater is not measured. Here we show estimates of melt for the watershed that contains the largest and longest glacier in North America, the Bering Glacier. The procedure combines in situ observations of snow and ice melt acquired by a long-term monitoring program, multispectral satellite observations, and nearby temperature measurements. The estimated melt is 40 km3 per melt season, ± 3.0 km3, observed over the decadal period, 2002–2012. As a result of climate change, these estimates could increase to 60 km3/yr by 2050. This technique and the derived melt coefficients can be applied to estimate melt from Alaska to Washington glaciers.
TGFβ2-INDUCED CHANGES IN LRP-1/TβR-V AND THE IMPACT ON LYSOSOMAL Aβ UPTAKE AND NEUROTOXICITY

Numerous studies suggest a central role for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/transforming growth factor beta receptor V in Alzheimer's Disease. We continue our investigation of a ligand for this receptor, transforming growth factor beta2, which is also implicated in Alzheimer Disease pathogenesis, but whose mechanism(s) remain elusive. Confocal imaging reveals that transforming growth factor beta2 rapidly targets amyloid beta peptide to the lysosomal compartment in cortical neurons and induces cell death. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/transforming growth factor beta receptor V is known as an endocytic receptor, delivering proteins to the lysosomal compartment for degradation. Transforming growth factor beta2 may alter this pathway resulting in increased uptake, intracellular accumulation and toxicity of amyloid beta peptide. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of transforming growth factor beta2-treated cells demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta2 modestly increases the mRNA and protein levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/transforming growth factor beta receptor V as well as increases the uptake activity. Furthermore, transforming growth factor beta2 alters the morphology and numbers of lysosomes in neurons. Lucifer Yellow and lysosomal hydrolase analysis show that transforming growth factor beta2 makes lysosomal membranes unstable and leaky and this effect is exacerbated with the addition of amyloid beta protein. Our data support a key role for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/transforming growth factor beta receptor V in mediating transforming growth factor beta2 enhancement of amyloid beta peptide uptake and neurotoxicity.
Behaviour of empty steel grain silos under wind loading: part 1: the stiffened cylindrical shell

Abstract This paper presents results of detailed finite element analyses of three empty stiffened steel grain silos under non-uniform wind loading. Three different silo geometries are considered, representing tall, intermediate and shallow silo structures. The structural system of each silo is shown to act as a rather complicated shell-spaceframe system. The roof structural system and the roof wind loading are shown to play a very important role in the overall behaviour of the silos. This paper deals specifically with the behaviour of the tank wall and vertical and circumferential stiffeners. The behaviour of the roof system will be described in a second paper.
Seasonal Food Habits of Highlands Ground Haddock

Abstract Stomach contents of 941 juvenile and adult haddock collected at monthly intervals at the Highlands Ground off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, from February 1958 to January 1959 were analyzed. Approximately equal numbers of both sexes were represented. Weight of stomach contents from individual fish ranged from 0 to 48.2 grams; average weight was 2.2 grams. There were no indications of important differences between males and females in species of animals preyed upon or quantities of food ingested. Mean stomach content weight increased as haddock size increased from 25 to 70 centimeters in length, but specimens longer than 70 centimeters contained unexpectedly small quantities of food. There was a marked seasonal variation in the quantity of food in the stomachs. A low feeding rate prevailed during late summer, fall, winter, and early spring, followed by heavy feeding in June. Water temperature appeared to be relatively unimportant in affecting the feeding rate. A wide variety of small benthic organisms w...
Fetal development: the effects of maturation on in vitro protein synthesis by mouse brain tissue.

—The elucidation of the translational regulatory events which function during the critical fetal and neonatal period is an important prerequisite to our understanding of normal, as well as abnormal, brain growth and differentiation. Brain cell suspensions and cell-free homogenates were employed to study the protein synthetic activity during the maturation of fetal- neural tissue. The results clearly demonstrated that while neural tissue from 1-day postnatal mice was 10 times more active in protein synthesis than brain tissue from adult mice, the former was many fold less active in translational events than fetal neural tissue from 13-day post-zygotic mice. Fetal polypeptide synthetic activity was found to decrease from the 13th day to the 19th day post-zygotic. This decrement in the translational activity was not due to amino acid availability or pools, or to differences, quantitatively or qualitatively, in polysome concentrations. The enhanced rate of protein synthetic activity measured with neural tissue from 13-day post-zygotic mice was shown to be due to an increase in rate of protein synthesis and not to an enhanced rate of protein degradation.
Principal components analysis of multitemporal image pairs

Abstract Principal components analysis of eight-channel data sets consisting of multitemporal LANDSAT MSS image pairs often generates higher-order principal components that are related to changes in ‘brightness’ and ‘greenness’. This is the expected result of such analysis in a wide variety of biological and geological environments where the original imagery is intrinsically two dimensional; the two dimensions are ‘brightness’ and ‘greenness’; and the change in land cover between images exceeds some threshold value.
Filling a GAP(DH) in asymmetric viral RNA synthesis.

Summary Host proteins, such as RNA-binding proteins, are involved in most steps of replication by positive-strand RNA viruses, including Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe , Wang and Nagy report that efficient replication of TBSV requires GAPDH, a host protein with glycolytic, RNA-binding, and other functions. GAPDH binds TBSV (−)RNA and promotes the normal excess of (+)RNA over (−)RNA products, possibly by selectively retaining (−)RNA templates for copying.
The haematological hazards of autotransfusion

Fourteen heparinized dogs were autotransfused from 1·5 to 6 times their calculated blood volume. Five animals retransfused 12 litres from an intraperitoneal bleed had marked decreases in all cellular elements, haematuria and a large (82 per cent) drop in fibrinogen. All these animals died within 12 hours and post-mortem examination revealed evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The dogs in which a smaller volume (3–6 litres) was recycled showed similar, but less devastating, changes. Haematocrit and platelet count dropped by a half and fibrinogen by 20 per cent. A leucocytosis of about 30 000/mm3 occurred within 24 hours. Autotransfusion of salvaged blood which was not allowed extravascular tissue contact significantly lessened these adverse effects. We conclude that the risk of cellular destruction and defibrination in large volume intra-operative autotransfusion is significant and must be weighed against its potential benefits in each case, and that red cell and platelet damage results primarily from extravascular tissue contact and is therefore unavoidable.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Rat Liver Endo-α-mannosidase, an N-Linked Oligosaccharide Processing Enzyme

Abstract A clone containing the open reading frame of endo-α-d-mannosidase, an enzyme involved in earlyN-linked oligosaccharide processing, has been isolated from a rat liver λgt11 cDNA library. This was accomplished by a strategy that involved purification of the endomannosidase from rat liver Golgi by ligand affinity chromatography (Hiraizumi, S., Spohr, U., and Spiro, R. G. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 4697–4700) and preparative electrophoresis, followed by sequence determinations of tryptic peptides. Using degenerate primers based on these sequences, the polymerase chain reaction with rat liver cDNA as a template yielded a 470-base pair product suitable for library screening as well as Northern blot hybridization. EcoRI digestion of the purified λ DNA released a 5.4-kilobase fragment that was amplified in Bluescript II SK(−) vector. Sequence analysis indicated that the deduced open reading frame of the endomannosidase extended from nucleotides 89 to 1441, encoding a protein of 451 amino acids and corresponding to a molecular mass of 52 kDa. Data base searches revealed no homology with any other known protein. When a vector coding for this protein fused to an NH2-terminal peptide containing a polyhistidine region was introduced intoEscherichia coli, high levels of the enzyme were expressed upon induction with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside. Purification of the endomannosidase to electrophoretic homogeneity fromE. coli lysates was accomplished by Ni2+-chelate and Glcα1→3Man-O-(CH2)8CONH-Affi-Gel ligand chromatographies. Polyclonal antibodies raised against this protein reacted with Golgi endomannosidase. By both immunoblotting and silver staining, the purified E. coli-expressed enzyme was approximately 8 kDa smaller than anticipated from the open reading frame; timed induction studies indicated that this was due to scission of the enzyme’s COOH-terminal end by host cell proteases. All rat tissues examined demonstrated mRNA levels (4.9-kilobase message) for the endomannosidase that correlated well with their enzyme activity.
Harsh physical discipline in childhood and violence in later romantic involvements : The mediating role of problem behaviors

This study examines the impact that experiencing harsh physical discipline in childhood and engaging in problem behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood have on experiencing and perpetrating intimate violence. Using LISREL 7, we tested a model based on social learning theory, Freudian theory, and theories of deviance. The 608 cases analyzed are from a longitudinal study of adolescents conducted in 1982 and 1992-1993. The results suggest that harsh physical punishment in childhood is directly related to greater perpetration of violence against an intimate partner later in life. The enactment of problem behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood was also found to increase the level of perpetration of violence against an intimate partner. In addition, harsh physical punishment in childhood was found to be indirectly but significantly related to increased perpetration via the intervening variables of adolescent and young adult problem behavior. We hypothesized that perpetration and victimization are significantly related to one another bidirectionally, but the results only support that greater levels of perpetration lead to increased levels of victimization.
Dispersal behavior of neonate European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Bt corn.

European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), has historically been a significant economically important insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States and Canada. The development in the 1990s of genetically modified corn expressing genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that encodes insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has proven to be effective in controlling this insect as well as other corn pests. The purpose of this study was to assess the movement and dispersal behavior of neonate European corn borer on Bt corn. We examined differences in neonate European corn borer dispersal behavior for the first 4 h after eclosion in the field among a stacked pyramid (Cry1F X Cry1Ab X Cry34/35Ab1) Bt corn, a Cry1F Bt corn, and a non-Bt sweet corn; and in the laboratory among a Bt corn hybrid containing Cry1F, a hybrid containing Cry1Ab, a pyramid combining these two hybrids (Cry1F X Cry1Ab), and a non-Bt near isoline corn. In field experiments, we found that dispersal was significantly higher on Bt corn compared with sweet corn. In laboratory experiments, dispersal was significantly higher on Cry1Ab Bt corn and Cry1F X Cry1Ab Bt corn than on non-Bt near isoline corn. Results indicated that neonate dispersal may be significantly greater in Bt cornfields compared with non-Bt cornfields. The findings on dispersal behavior in this study will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of a blended seed refuge system for managing European corn borer resistance in Bt corn.
Implementation of a New Method to Produce Ultracold Polar Molecular Ions

We present recent data from our experimental effort to produce ultracold, internal ground-state polar molecular ions via sympathetic cooling with a Ca MOT.
Contributions of CryoeM to Visualize Membrane-Curvature Generation - Mechanisms and Implications

Protein mediated recognition, maintenance and modulation of membrane curvature plays critical roles in many cellular processes. Based on a growing number of crystal structures from the BAR-superfamily of proteins, MD simulations and spectroscopic work, it now is widely accepted that scaffolding and/or insertion of amphiphatic wedges play important roles in the curvature related processes. What had been missing from the picture was a direct visualization of BAR-domain proteins in their membrane bound states. Addressing this need through use of electron cryomicroscopy, our previous work on F-BAR domains confirmed that these modules induce curvature by scaffolding, but also showed that these domains can engage flat bilayers through an alternate binding interface that is physiologically relevant. Extending our work to the N-BAR family, it now becomes apparent that these modules function very differently from their F-BAR cousins, and that the specific design principles of N-BAR lattices have direct implications for the interaction of these scaffolding components with downstream interaction partners.
DEVELOPING A COMPUTER ECG RESEARCH STATION

The hardware, software and systems components of a Clinical Research ECG Station using an IBM‐1800 computer under the Multi‐Programming Executive System (MPX) is described. The twelve classic leads and the three Frank leads of the patient‐acquired ECG are sent in analog form over telephone lines via Marquette Electronics' carts and receiving interface, which modulate and demodulate the signal for computer acquisition, subsequent analog to digital conversion, and analysis. The Smith‐Mayo program (on the Frank leads) initially used, has been augmented by a Hahnemann‐developed, twelve‐lead analysis program to improve the interpretive portion of the program in the areas of LVH, Infarctious, Bundle Blocks, etc. A truly innovative portion of the system is the creation of a computer‐driven microfilm system which produces aperture cards. These contain all the graphical input on microfilm, plus graphs of the two‐dimensional vector curves and the appropriate patient identification information. Archive tapes of the ...
Re-evaluation of the ultraviolet hazard action spectrum - The impact of spectral bandwidth

The action spectra S(lambda) used for risk assessment of ultraviolet (UV) sources has been widely used since its development over three decades ago. This "UV hazard function" is cited in many safety standards, and UV survey instruments are designed to have a fitting spectral response. The UV hazard function was developed to preclude acute injury and minimize chronic effects but was based upon the best available experimental data of that time. With more experimental data and easier computer methods available today, the action spectrum can be re-examined. Therefore, the published experimental thresholds for damage to the cornea and skin were studied as a function of wavelength to revalidate this action spectrum. A key step relates to the proper consideration of the spectral bandwidth used to determine each threshold and the assignment of an effective wavelength for each narrow-band. We methodically analyzed the uncertainties introduced by employing 1-, 5-, and 10-nm spectral bandwidths by comparing published biological threshold data. The errors introduced by using broader bandwidths become enormous within the critical spectral region of 300-320 nm. By convoluting the threshold data and weighting them with trial, or reference, action spectra, it is possible to determine the wavelengths in each bandwidth that are contributing most of the effective dose and correct the experimental action spectrum. It is concluded that the current hazard function S(lambda) remains valid.
Glucose transport into the ocular compartments of the rat.

An exchange model was developed for the study of the transfer between a central plasma compartment and the aqueous and vitreous compartments in the rat eye. The solutes investigated include sucrose, urea, 3-O-methyl- d -glucose, d -glucose and l -glucose. For the substances studied, rate parameters were used which enabled ocular concentration functions to be evaluated from various plasma functions. Rate transfer constants were evaluated from plasma functions and compartments significantly faster than does urea. d -glucose is transported six times faster than l -glucose, indicating that the transport mechanism is stereospecific. The saturability of the d -glucose transport system was explored by elevating the plasma concentration of unlabeled d -glucose. The system was found to be saturable. A Michaelis-Menten analysis of transport vs. Plasma concentration revealed the Km to be 6·08 m m and 4·64 m m and the Vm to be 0·0225 and 0·0238 mmoles/min (for the aqueous and vitreous repectively). Relative high glucose concentrations (50 m m ) were required for saturation. We conclude that transport of glucose into the ocular fluids is consistent with a carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion mechanism which is stereospecific and saturable.
Effect Of Ultraviolet Irradiation On The Performance Of (Hg,Cd)Te Photoconductors

(Hg,Cd)Te photoconductive detectors in the 3-5m wavelength range were irradiated with an ultraviolet source of wavelength λ = 0.36611m and power density P0 = 50μW/cm2. The performance such as detectivity (D*λ), responsivity (Rλ), the noise current (iN) and the detector resistance (RD) were measured as a function of irradiation time for a fixed temperature T = 110°K. The measurement indicated that the responsivity changed from Rλ = 0.7 x 103 (A/W) to Rλ = 1.3 x 103 (A/W) for 22 minutes of ultraviolet irradiation. During the same ultraviolet exposure, the noise current increased from iN = 1 x 10-11 (A/Hz1/2) to iN = 1.4 x 10-11 (A/Hz1/2), the detectivity increased from D*λ = 2.7 x 1011 (Cm-Hz1/2/W) to D*λ = 3.8 x 1011 (Cm-Hz1/2/W) and the resistance changed from 680Ω to 950Ω. The corresponding change in the surface potential was calculated and was shown to be from ψs = 0.089 (volt) to ψs = 0.0946 (volt). The ultraviolet irradiation is believed to fill the traps within the insulator with electrons which in turn increases the surface potential. The data indicates that ultraviolet wavelength used for the investigation is only partially effective in filling the insulator traps.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul Experimental Engines (QCSEE): A Technology Development Program

NASA's QCSEE Program (Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul Experimental Engine) performed by the General Electric Company covers a wide range of advanced propulsion technology features applicable to future subsonic engine concepts. These technology features are combined into two engine and nacelle configurations for demonstration of program goals. This paper presents descriptions of two engine/nacelle configurations and shows the flow of technology developed in component programs into the configurations. The under-the-wing (UTW) configuration, featuring major innovative and advanced components, such as a large variable pitch fan and a composite material integrated engine and nacelle structure, has been tested at General Electric's Peebles, Ohio test facility. The key characteristics of the engine as observed from the initial test series are presented.
Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization of Ru(2)(4+) and Ru(2)(3+) complexes under a CO atmosphere.

Eleven different Ru24+ and Ru23+ derivatives are characterized by thin-layer FTIR and UV−visible spectroelectrochemistry under a CO atmosphere. These compounds, which were in-situ electrogenerated from substituted anilinopyridine complexes with a Ru25+ core, are represented as Ru2(L)4Cl where L = 2-CH3ap, ap, 2-Fap, 2,3-F2ap, 2,4-F2ap, 2,5-F2ap, 3,4-F2ap, 3,5-F2ap, 2,4,6-F3ap, or F5ap. The Ru25+ complexes do not axially bind CO while mono- and bis-CO axial adducts are formed for the Ru24+ and Ru23+ derivatives, respectively. Six of the eleven investigated compounds exist in a (4,0) isomeric form while five adopt a (3,1) geometric conformation. These two series of compounds thus provide a large enough number of derivatives to examine trends and differences in the spectroscopic data of the two types of isomers in their lower Ru24+ and Ru23+ oxidation states. UV−visible spectra of the Ru24+ derivatives and IR spectra of the Ru23+ complexes under CO are both isomer dependent, thus suggesting that these data c...
Lead salt quantum effect structures

Lead salt (IV-VI) compounds have been grown epitaxially by a variety of growth techniques, such as molecular-beam epitaxy and hot-wall epitaxy. Recently, compositional superlattices and quantum-well heterostructures have been grown that exhibit strong quantum optical effects. These structures have been used to fabricate midinfrared diode lasers with greatly improved operating temperatures. Thus, it appears that these devices will continue to maintain a significant advantage over II-VI and III-V compound diode lasers. Doping superlattices have been made which possess enhanced minority carrier properties. Ferromagnetic ordering in PbSnTe-MnTe alloys suggests potential areas for future work in magnetic field sensitivity devices. Lead salt quantum-effect structures are included. >
A numerical investigation of extinction and ignition limits in laminar nonpremixed counterflowing hydrogen-air streams for both elementary and reduced chemistry

The structure, extinction and ignition of counterflow hydrogen heated-air systems are investigated for pressures and temperatures of interest in high-speed aerospace applications. A critical assessment of the recent literature is made to determine a chemical-kinetic scheme applicable for the aforementioned conditions of interest. Numerical integrations are performed for various strain rates using a continuation code which handles the singularities in the Jacobian matrix at critical strain-rate parameters. The numerical results with the detailed chemical scheme are compared with results obtained from a four-, three-, and two-step reduced chemical-kinetic scheme. Although good agreements for extinction and ignition strain rates are obtained, the two-step mechanism provides rather poor predictions of minor-species concentrations. Thermal diffusion is found to play an important role in diluted flames at high oxidizer temperatures and low fuel temperatures, for reasons identified herein, but to be relatively inconsequential at high fuel temperatures or in pure hydrogen-air systems. Suggestions are offered for the use of reduced chemical schemes in applications.
Secure processing using dynamic partial reconfiguration

A popular research topic as of late has been dynamic partial FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) reconfiguration. This concept allows on-the-fly reconfiguration of digital systems where only parts of the circuit change, providing application acceleration and allowing static modules to continue processing unaffected by the dynamic elements. Design characteristics which benefit from this progressive approach include increased system flexibility, increased performance, and a reduction in circuit complexity. One characteristic receiving limited focus thus far has been the increased security that could result from these changing circuits. This benefit is innate to the design and makes reverse engineering of the system a much more ambitious task. In an effort to further enhance this passive security feature, a new partial reconfiguration technique has been proposed that changes connectivity between generic modules. This extended abstract introduces the method, model, and design flow for this dynamic partial FPGA reconfiguration technique and addresses the security implications of such a design.
A new form of antibiosis in nicotiana

Abstract Species belonging to the genus Nicotiana , section Repandae , imparted high levels of mortality to Manduca sexta , the tobacco hornworm, a tobacco-associated insect which is not susceptible to the toxic effects of nicotine. One hundred per cent mortality was observed after 24 hr following topical application of 1 mg of crude exudate material. The nicotinoid antibiosis component of the leaf exudate was shown to be different from conventional nicotinoid alkaloids. Ten micrograms of the active alkaloidal material caused 87–100% mortality within 24 hr. The nicotine derivative produced by these plants is thus able to circumvent the insect's physiological defence against nicotine.
Evaluation of topology correction methods for the generation of the cortical surface

The cerebral cortex is a highly convoluted anatomical structure. The folding pattern defined by sulci and gyri is a complex pattern that is very heterogeneous across subjects. The heterogeneity across subjects has made the automated labeling of this structure into its constituent components a challenge to the field of neuroimaging. One way to approach this problem is to conformally map the surface to another representation such as a plane or sphere. Conformal mapping of the surface requires that surface to be topologically correct. However, noise and partial volume artifacts in the MR images frequently cause holes or handles to exist in the surface that must be removed. Topology correction techniques have been proposed that operate on the cortical surface, the original image data, and hybrid methods have been proposed. This paper presents an experimental assessment of two different topology correction methods. The first approach is based on modification of 3D voxel data. The second method is a hybrid approach that determines the location of defects from the surface representation while repairing the surface by modifying the underlying image data. These methods have been applied to 10 brains, and a comparison is made among them. In addition, detailed statistics are given based on the voxel correction method. Based on these 10 MRI datasets, we have found the hybrid method incapable of correcting the cortical surface appropriately when a handles and holes exist in close proximity. In several cases, holes in the anatomical surface were labeled as handles thus resulting in discontinuities in the folding pattern. The image-based approach in this study was found to correct the topology in all ten cases within a reasonable time. Furthermore, the distance between the original and corrected surfaces, thickness of brain cortex, curvatures and surface areas are provided as assessments of the approach based on our datasets.
Behavioral and physiological correlates of ostracism

Abstract A model of social interaction is outlined and used to interpret behavioral and physiological correlates of ostracism. Reported findings suggest that several physiological systems contribute to behaviors that are associated with ostracism and that these as well as other systems are involved in responses to being ostracized. The ideas discussed in this article suggest that future research should (1) identify persons who may be genetically predisposed to engage in behaviors associated with ostracism, and (2) identify persons who are physiologically vulnerable to being ostracized.
Hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell study of melts: Eutectic melting of the assemblage Ca(OH)2 + CaCO3 with excess H2O and lack of evidence for “portlandite II” phase

Eutectic melting temperatures for the assemblage Ca(OH)2 + CaC03 in the presence of excess H20 were determined along six isochores of H20 in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. These temperatures range from 610 °C at 1204 bar to 583 °C at 7203 bar; they agree very well (within 3 °C) with data obtained from high-pressure differential thermal analysis (HP-DT A) and are about 20 °C lower than those obtained from quench experiments. The additional DT A peaks near 630 °C for the melting experiments of pure portlandite reported by Harker (1964) and Bai et aI. (1994) may be the result of a small amount of melting, caused by CaC03 contamination, and not the result of a solid phase transition between portlandi te and Hportlandi te II."
Low Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Although an association between the metabolic syndrome and hyperandrogenism has been suggested in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, few studies have investigated this relationship in postmenopausal women. We measured estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) and calculated the free androgen index (FAI) in 212 postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy in the Women's Health Study. A modified definition of the metabolic syndrome (3 or more of the following: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal glucose metabolism) from the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults was used. Women with the metabolic syndrome had higher mean levels of estradiol, testosterone, and FAI values and lower SHBG levels. Higher FAI and lower SHBG were associated with all components of the metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for BMI and other factors, women in the highest tertile of FAI had an odds ratio of 12.6 (95% confidence interval, 3.8-41.6) for the metabolic syndrome, whereas those in the lowest SHBG tertile had an odds ratio of 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.7-19.8). When stratified by body mass index, the associations with high FAI and low SHBG remained significant even in women with body mass index less than 26.7 kg/m 2 . An androgenic hormone profile is associated with both the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and clustering of metabolic abnormalities in postmenopausal women.
Comanagement of Pediatric Depression and Obesity: A Clear Need for Evidence

Purpose The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the existing literature for the comanagement of depression and obesity in the pediatric population.
Plantacyanin plays a role in reproduction in Arabidopsis.

Plantacyanins belong to the phytocyanin family of blue copper proteins. In the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome, only one gene encodes plantacyanin. The T-DNA-tagged mutant is a knockdown mutant that shows no visible phenotype. We used both promoter-β-glucuronidase transgenic plants and immunolocalization to show that Arabidopsis plantacyanin is expressed most highly in the inflorescence and, specifically, in the transmitting tract of the pistil. Protein levels show a steep gradient in expression from the stigma into the style and ovary. Overexpression plants were generated using cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, and protein levels in the pistil were examined as well as the pollination process. Seed set in these plants is highly reduced mainly due to a lack of anther dehiscence, which is caused by degeneration of the endothecium. Callose deposits occur on the pollen walls in plants that overexpress plantacyanin, and a small percentage of these pollen grains germinate in the closed anthers. When wild-type pollen was used on the overexpression stigma, seed set was still decreased compared to the control pollinations. We detected an increase in plantacyanin levels in the overexpression pistil, including the transmitting tract. Guidance of the wild-type pollen tube on the overexpression stigma is disrupted as evidenced by the growth behavior of pollen tubes after they penetrate the papillar cell. Normally, pollen tubes travel down the papilla cell and into the style. Wild-type pollen tubes on the overexpression stigma made numerous turns around the papilla cell before growing toward the style. In some rare cases, pollen tubes circled up the papilla cell away from the style and were arrested there. We propose that when plantacyanin levels in the stigma are increased, pollen tube guidance into the style is disrupted.
Detection and processing of impact echoes in concrete

The impact echo method uses transient stress waves for evaluating subsurface conditions. This method creates a transient stress wave in the object under test by means of mechanical impact, while a suitable transducer detects wave reflections on the surface. Processing of the reflection signals enables deductions to be made concerning the subsurface conditions. Details concerning the design of a high-fidelity piezoelectric transducer specifically constructed to detect impact echoes on a concrete surface are described. Processing and analysis of the surface displacement signals are discussed. Results of preliminary laboratory studies designed to detect voids in various concrete specimens are presented. Cylindrical voids in plates up to 15 in thick have been reliably found using a discrete Fourier transform signal processing method. >
Effective Gene Delivery to Valvular Interstitial Cells Using Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes 2 and 3

Currently, curative therapies for heart valve diseases do not exist, thus motivating the need for new therapeutics, regenerative and tissue-engineered valves, and further basic research into pathological mechanisms. For studying valve diseases and developing valve therapies, effective methods to manipulate gene expression in primary valvular interstitial cells (VICs), which promote calcification in disease, would be valuable. Unfortunately, there is little information reported about effective gene delivery methods for VICs. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a clinically proven gene delivery vector capable of transducing many cell types and tissues, but has not yet been reported to infect valvular cells. In this study, AAV serotypes 1-9 were tested for their ability to deliver a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter into VICs in vitro. Flow cytometry results indicate AAV2 and AAV3 are capable of transducing VICs more efficiently than other serotypes. Furthermore, transduction efficiencies can be optimized by increasing the multiplicity of infection (MOI) and using self-complementary, double-stranded genomes, yielding up to 98% successfully transduced cells. Transduction of VICs by AAV2 or AAV3 in the presence of competing soluble heparin significantly reduces delivery efficiencies, suggesting heparan sulfate proteoglycans act as the primary VIC receptors of these two serotypes. Overall, this study establishes AAV2 and AAV3 as efficient gene delivery vehicles for primary VICs. Such effective delivery vectors for valve cells may be broadly useful for numerous applications, including the study of valvular cell biology, development of valve disease therapies, and regulation of genes for tissue engineering heart valves.
Fat Mass and Lipid Profile in Young Adults Born Preterm

Context: Associations between small size at birth and abnormal cardiovascular parameters in later life have been reported. It is, however, unknown whether the effect of a small size at birth on cardiovascular risk factors in later life is due to a small size for gestational age or due to prematurity. Due to advances in neonatal care, survival of preterm infants has significantly improved, and nowadays an increasing number of these children reach adulthood. It is, therefore, of increasing importance to assess the long-term effect of prematurity on determinants for cardiovascular disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effects of gestational age and particularly preterm birth on lipid levels and fat mass in early adulthood. Design and Patients: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 455 healthy subjects, aged 18 to 24 yr; 167 preterm subjects were compared with 288 full-term subjects. Outcome Measure: Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and limb fat mass were determined by dual-...
Bonobos and chimpanzees exploit helpful but not prohibitive gestures

Previous research has shown that chimpanzees exploit the behavior of humans and conspecifics more readily in a competitive than a cooperative context. However, it is unknown whether bonobos, who outperform chimpanzees in some cooperative tasks, also show greater cognitive flexibility in competitive contexts. Here we tested the cooperative-competitive hypothesis further by comparing bonobos and chimpanzees in a series of tasks where a human gesture indicated the correct (cooperative) or incorrect (competitive) choice. A human either pointed cooperatively to the object a subject should choose, or competitively to the object subjects should avoid choosing. In contrast to previous research, subjects were most skilled at choosing the correct location when the communicator was cooperative and there were no major differences between bonobos and chimpanzees. Analysis of gaze direction revealed that in some cases subjects visually followed the direction of the experimenter’s gesture despite choosing incorrectly, dissociating gesture following from gesture comprehension. This supports the hypothesis that, unlike human children, nonhuman apes respond to the direction of social gestures more readily than they understand the communicative intentions underlying them. We evaluate these findings in regard to previous studies comparing the cooperative and communicative skills of bonobos and chimpanzees.
A classification algorithm for finding the optimal rank aggregation method

In this paper, we develop a classification algorithm for finding the optimal rank aggregation algorithm. The input features for the classification are measures of noise and misinformation in the rankers. The optimal ranking algorithm varies greatly with respect to these two factors. We develop two measures to compute noise and misinformation: cluster quality and rank variance. Further, we develop a cost based decision method to find the least risky aggregator for a new set of ranked lists and show that this decision method outperforms any static rank aggregation method by through rigorous experimentation.
In vitro metabolism and covalent binding of enol-carboxamide derivatives and anti-inflammatory agents sudoxicam and meloxicam: insights into the hepatotoxicity of sudoxicam.

Sudoxicam and meloxicam are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from the enol-carboxamide class. While the only structural difference between the two NSAIDs is the presence of a methyl gr...
Comparing voodoo dolls and HOMER: exploring the importance of feedback in virtual environments

When creating techniques for manipulating objects at a distance in immersive virtual environments, researchers have primarily focused on increasing selection range, placement range, and placement accuracy. This focus has led researchers to create and formally study a series of "arm-extension" techniques, which dynamically scale the user's arm to allow him to manipulate distant objects. Researchers have also developed representation-based techniques, which allow users to manipulate a distant object by manipulating a copy of it in a handheld representation. However, researchers have not yet formally established the relative value of these techniques. In this paper we present a formal study comparing Voodoo Dolls, a best-practice representation-based technique, with HOMER, a best-practice arm-extension technique. We found that the Voodoo Dolls technique, which provides better feedback by allowing users to view a manipulated object both up close and at a distance, allowed users to both position and orient objects more accurately. Our results suggest that researchers should focus on improving feedback for 3D manipulation techniques
Multilayer metallo-dielectric low-loss NIM for the mid-IR: Design and experiment

A freestanding planar NIM comprised of two Au metallic screens sandwiched between three layers of polyimide was optimized to have low loss and an impedance match to free space. Constraints were incorporated into the optimization so that the result is compatible with our fabrication scheme. Measured material properties were included in the fullwave electromagnetic simulation to ensure that the predicted metamaterial properties would match those observed in experiment. This design is in the process of being fabricated and characterized.
Compressing Polygon Mesh Connectivity with Degree Duality Prediction

In this paper we present a coder for polygon mesh connectivity that delivers the best connectivity compression rates meshes reported so far. Our coder is an extension of the vertex-based coder for triangle mesh connectivity by Touma and Gotsman [26]. We code polygonal connectivity as a sequence of face and vertex degrees and exploit the correlation between them for mutual predictive compression. Because low-degree vertices are likely to be surrounded by high-degree faces and vice versa, we predict vertex degrees based on neighboring face degrees and face degrees based on neighboring vertex degrees.