cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction and constraint in audiovisual speech perception

During face-to-face conversational speech listeners must efficiently process a rapid and complex stream of multisensory information. Visual speech can serve as a critical complement to auditory information because it provides cues to both the timing of the incoming acoustic signal (the amplitude envelope, influencing attention and perceptual sensitivity) and its content (place and manner of articulation, constraining lexical selection). Here we review behavioral and neurophysiological evidence regarding listeners' use of visual speech information. Multisensory integration of audiovisual speech cues improves recognition accuracy, particularly for speech in noise. Even when speech is intelligible based solely on auditory information, adding visual information may reduce the cognitive demands placed on listeners through increasing the precision of prediction. Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that oscillatory cortical entrainment to speech in auditory cortex is enhanced when visual speech is present, increasing sensitivity to important acoustic cues. Neuroimaging studies also suggest increased activity in auditory cortex when congruent visual information is available, but additionally emphasize the involvement of heteromodal regions of posterior superior temporal sulcus as playing a role in integrative processing. We interpret these findings in a framework of temporally-focused lexical competition in which visual speech information affects auditory processing to increase sensitivity to acoustic information through an early integration mechanism, and a late integration stage that incorporates specific information about a speaker's articulators to constrain the number of possible candidates in a spoken utterance. Ultimately it is words compatible with both auditory and visual information that most strongly determine successful speech perception during everyday listening. Thus, audiovisual speech perception is accomplished through multiple stages of integration, supported by distinct neuroanatomical mechanisms.
Genomics at the Origins of Agriculture, Part One

The causes and consequences of the Neolithic revolution represent a fundamental problem for anthropological inquiry. Traditional archeological evidence, ethnobotanical remains, artifacts, and settlement patterns have been used to infer the transition from foraging to primary food production. Recent advances in genomics (the study of the sequence, structure, and function of the genome) has enhanced our understanding of the process of plant and animal domestication, revealed the impact that adaptation to agriculture has had on human biology, and provided clues to the pathogens and parasites thought to have emerged during the Neolithic. Genomic analysis provides insights into the complexity of the process of domestication that may not be apparent from the physical remains of bones and seeds, and allows us to measure the impact that the shift to primary food production had on the human genome. Questions related to the location and the process of domestication can be answered more fully by analyzing the genomes of the plants and animals brought under human control. The spread of the agriculture package (plants, animals, and technology) by cultural diffusion or demic expansion can also be investigated through this approach. Whether dissemination by farmers or the diffusion of farming knowledge and technology was the source of the Neolithic expansion, this process should be revealed by the patterh of genetic and linguistic diversity and language found from centers of agricultural Neolithic development. In addition, a number of pathogens that were previously thought to have been transmitted from domesticated species to human now appear to have been present in foragers long before the agricultural revolution took place. Furthermore, we now have evidence that humans were the source of the transmission of some parasites to domesticated animals. For all of these reasons, data from genomic studies are providing a more complete understanding of the origins of agriculture, a critical hallmark in human evolution.
Differential effects of functional autonomic blockade on the variables of sinus nodal automaticity in sick sinus syndrome

Abstract To study the pathophysiologic mechanism of sick sinus syndrome and to establish the relation of intrinsic heart rate, corrected sinus nodal recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time in this syndrome, electrophysiologic studies were conducted in 22 men (mean age 60 ± 12 years) with the clinical diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome. Measurements were determined before and after autonomic blockade with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and atropine sulfate (0.04 mg/kg). Fifty-nine percent of patients (Group I) had an abnormal intrinsic heart rate, suggesting intrinsic abnormality of sinus nodal automaticity; 41 percent (Group II) had a normal intrinsic heart rate after autonomic blockade, suggesting disturbed autonomic regulation. One patient with an observed intrinsic heart rate higher than the upper limit of predicted intrinsic heart rate was also included in Group II. The mean corrected sinus nodal recovery time before autonomic blockade was 751 ± 502.8 ms and was abnormal (more than 450 ms) in 10 of the 13 patients in Group I and 2 of the 9 patients in Group II. After autonomic blockade this interval was 694 ± 638.7 ms and was abnormal in 12 of the 13 patients in Group I and in 2 of the 9 patients in Group II. The patients in each group could be further classified into three groups on the basis of normal or abnormal corrected sinus nodal recovery time before or after autonomic blockade. Not all patients with abnormal intrinsic heart rate (Group I) had abnormal corrected sinus nodal recovery time and vice versa. Patients in Group II were younger in age, had a lesser incidence of organic heart disease and were more severely symptomatic. Mean sinoatrial conduction time during control studies was 210.4 ±96.3 ms and decreased significantly (143.2 ± 59.6 ms, p It is concluded that determination of heart rate and corrected sinus nodal recovery time after autonomic blockade increases the sensitivity of electrophysiologic testing and offers some insight into the pathophysiology of sick sinus syndrome. Patients with sick sinus syndrome who have a normal intrinsic heart rate have a greater incidence of abnormal sinoatrial conduction time than do those with an abnormal intrinsic heart rate. Thus, abnormal sinoatrial conduction time is usually due to extrinsic autonomic influences.
High dietary protein exacerbates hypertension and renal damage in Dahl SS rats by increasing infiltrating immune cells in the kidney.

The present study evaluated the influence and mechanism of action of dietary protein intake in Dahl SS hypertension and renal disease. Rats were fed isocaloric diets with low (6%), normal (18%), or high (30%) amounts of protein and 0.4% NaCl from 5 to 12 weeks of age; the NaCl content of the diets was then increased to 4.0% NaCl from 12 to 15 weeks of age. Rats fed the high-protein diet developed the highest mean arterial blood pressure and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio when fed the 4.0% NaCl diet (153±7 mm Hg and 8.0±2.4, respectively) compared to rats fed normal protein (132±3 mm Hg, 1.2±0.3) or low-protein (132±6 mm Hg, 0.3±0.1) diets. Significantly greater numbers of infiltrating T lymphocytes were observed in kidneys of SS rats fed the high-protein diet (18.9±3×10 5 cells) than in rats fed the low-protein diet (9.1±3×10 5 cells). Furthermore, treatment of SS rats fed the high-protein diet with the immunosuppressant agent mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg/kg per day, ip) significantly reduced the number of infiltrating T cells in the kidneys (from 18.9±2.7 to 10.6±2.0×10 5 cells) while decreasing blood pressure (from 133±3 to 113±4 mm Hg) and the albumin/creatinine ratio (from 10.9±2.3 to 5.4±1.2). These results demonstrate that restriction of protein intake protects the Dahl SS rats from hypertension and kidney disease and indicates that infiltrating immune cells play a pathological role in Dahl SS rats fed a high-protein diet. Moreover, the results show that hypertension in Dahl SS rats is sensitive to both NaCl and protein intake.
INFLUENCE OF DESICCATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IRIDAEA CORDATA (RHODOPHYTA)1

The influence of desiccation on the mechanical properties of the intertidal macroalga Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bo? (Rhodophyta) was investigated mer a range of water losses (0-83%) that bracketed in situ levels (2667%). The tissue modulus (stiffness) remained constant for water losses up to about 70%, but increased sharply with losses between 7043%. Tissue strength of desiccated samples did not fall below the range measured for undesiccated samples. There was a signijicant increase in breaking strain up to water losses of about 50%. afer which breaking strain decreased. The relationship between toughness and desiccation resembled that for breaking strain. Overall, the mechanical properties of Iridaea cordata did not deteriorate when desiccated to levels consistent with those obserued in the field.
Countervailing Influence of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitric Oxide in Endotoxemia

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a crucial mediator in sepsis, elicits multiple biologic effects, including intravascular thrombosis and circulatory shock. TNF-alpha exerts its biologic effects through two distinct cell surface receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. The pathophysiologic interaction between TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) in glomerular thrombosis caused by endotoxemia in rats and wild-type mice (C57BL6) as well as in knockout mice that are deficient in TNF-R1 (R1 -/-), TNF-R2 (R2 -/-), or both receptors (R1R2 -/-) was studied. Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli endotoxin) resulted in increased NO and TNF-alpha production but failed to induce glomerular thrombosis. Concomitant administration of LPS + NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; an NO synthesis inhibitor) resulted in glomerular thrombosis in rats and in wild-type mice. Intraperitoneal administration of pentoxifylline before LPS inhibited TNF-alpha synthesis and prevented glomerular thrombosis in rats given LPS + L-NAME. In contrast to the results observed in rats and wild-type mice, administration of LPS + L-NAME did not result in glomerular thrombosis in knockout mice with either single or double TNF-alpha receptor deletion. Thus, during endotoxemia, (1) TNF-alpha fosters glomerular thrombosis if there is deficiency of NO synthesis and (2) both TNF-alpha receptors are necessary for TNF-alpha's prothrombogenic action. Clinically, these novel studies suggest that in gram-negative endotoxemia, inhibition of NO synthesis and selective blockade of TNF-alpha receptors may provide unique therapeutic approaches for mitigation of glomerular thrombosis and restitution of vascular tone.
Radiation-induced Akt activation modulates radioresistance in human glioblastoma cells

Background: Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a primary treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a common and devastating brain tumor in humans. IR has been shown to induce PI3K-Akt activation in many cell types, and activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway has been correlated with radioresistance. Methods: Initially, the effects of IR on Akt activation were assessed in multiple human GBM cell lines. Next, to evaluate a potential causative role of IR-induced Akt activation on radiosensitivity, Akt activation was inhibited during IR with several complementary genetic and pharmacological approaches, and radiosensitivity measured using clonogenic survival assays. Results: Three of the eight cell lines tested demonstrated IR-induced Akt activation. Further studies revealed that IR-induced Akt activation was dependent upon the presence of a serum factor, and could be inhibited by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478. Inhibition of PI3K activation with LY294002, or with inducible wild-type PTEN, inhibition of EGFR, as well as direct inhibition of Akt with two Akt inhibitors during irradiation increased the radiosensitivity of U87MG cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that Akt may be a central player in a feedback loop whereby activation of Akt induced by IR increases radioresistance of GBM cells. Targeting the Akt signaling pathway may have important therapeutic implications when used in combination with IR in the treatment of a subset of brain tumor patients.
Use of a Novel Robotic System for Quantification of Upper Limb Work Area Following Stroke

The effect of gravity on the expression elbow/shoulder synergy patterns results in discoordination during movements following stroke. This is believed to be related to the shoulder abduction torques generated when lifting the arm against gravity, which results in a concurrent elbow flexion (i.e., the flexion synergy). The Arm Coordination Training 3-D (ACT 3D) robotic system is a novel way of recording movement patterns while a subject generates varying amounts of shoulder abduction torque. This system is used to provide preliminary results that show increased shoulder abduction forces reduce a stroke subject's available work area in a way that is consistent with the flexion synergy. Implications and clinical applications are briefly discussed
Institucionalização normativa de políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil: estudo de caso com o programa nacional de controle da dengue – PNCD

RESUMO: O direito a saude foi reconhecido como direito de todos e dever do Estado pela Constituicao 1988, a ser garantido mediante politicas sociais e economicas. As politicas publicas representam, portanto, uma das principais formas de garantir a efetivacao do direito a saude. Uma importante protecao juridica do direito a saude, voltada a garantia da boa execucao de politicas publicas essenciais, e a institucionalizacao normativa das politicas de saude. Com a normatizacao o Estado obriga-se a seguir a conduta definida na norma e a sociedade obtem um importante parâmetro normativo de controle da acao estatal. Este artigo analisa a importância da normatizacao das politicas publicas na efetivacao do direito a saude com base em estudo de caso realizado sobre a normatizacao do Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue – PNCD. ABSTRACT: The right to health has been recognized as an universal right and a duty of the State by brazilian Constitution of 1988. The right to health must be guaranteed by social and economic policies. Public policies, thus, represent one of the main ways to ensure the realization of the right to health. An important legal protection of the right to health, focused on ensuring the performance of essential public policy, is the normative institutionalization of health policies. With normative treatment, state is obliged to follow the conduct defined in the law for some specific public policies, and the society gets an important normative parameter to control state’s action. Based on a case study on the normative treatment of the National Dengue Control Policy – PNCD, this article examines the importance of the normative treatment of public policy to ensure the right to health. RESUMEN El derecho a la salud ha sido reconocido como un derecho universal y un deber de la Constitucion del Estado para 1988, que sera garantizado por las politicas sociales y economicas. Las politicas publicas, constituyen uno de los instrumentos fundamentales para garantizar la realizacion del derecho a la salud. Una importante proteccion legal del derecho a la salud, centrada en garantizar la ejecucion de la politica publica esencial, es la institucionalizacion normativa de las politicas de salud. Con la sentencia el Estado esta obligado a seguir la conducta definida en la norma y la empresa obtiene un control de parametro normativo importante de la accion del Estado. En este articulo se analiza la importancia de la normalizacion de la politica publica para garantizar el derecho a la salud sobre la base de un estudio de caso realizado en la normalizacion de la Comision Nacional de Control del Dengue - PNCD.
Entity Type Recognition for Heterogeneous Semantic Graphs

We describe an approach for identifying fine-grained entity types in heterogeneous data graphs that is effective for unstructured data or when the underlying ontologies or semantic schemas are unknown. Identifying fine-grained entity types, rather than a few high-level types, supports coreference resolution in heterogeneous graphs by reducing the number of possible coreference relations that must be considered. Big data problems that involve integrating data from multiple sources can benefit from our approach when the datas ontologies are unknown, inaccessible or semantically trivial. For such cases, we use supervised machine learning to map entity attributes and relations to a known set of attributes and relations from appropriate background knowledge bases to predict instance entity types. We evaluated this approach in experiments on data from DBpedia, Freebase, and Arnetminer using DBpedia as the background knowledge base.
A Computer Assisted Analysis of Some Theoretical Rate Effects in Mastication and in Deformation Testing of Foods

Simplified rheological models, with relaxation times comparable to those of solid foods, were used to simulate stress strain relationships at rates comparable to those in mastication and in common deformation tests (linear velocities on the order of 100 and 1 cm min−1 respectively). The simulations included the regimes of constant deformation and strain rates and a sinusoidal deformation pattern. They demonstrated that the information in sensory perception and mechanical testing can be different in both kind and magnitude largely due to the rheological character of the food and its relaxation time and to a lesser extent, to the exact deformation regime.
X3D earth terrain-tile production chain for georeferenced simulation

Broad needs for digital models of real environments such as 3D terrain or cyber cities are increasing. Many applications related to modeling and simulation require virtual environments constructed from real-world geospatial information in order to guarantee relevance and accuracy in the simulation. The most fundamental data for building virtual environments, terrain elevation and orthogonal imagery, is typically acquired using optical sensors mounted on satellites or airplanes. Providing interoperable and reusable digital models in 3D is important for promoting practical applications of high-resolution airborne imagery.This paper presents research results regarding virtual-environment representations of geospatial information, especially for 3D shape and appearance of virtual terrain. It describes a framework for constructing real-time 3D models of large terrain based on highresolution satellite imagery. This approach is also suitable for underwater bathymetry. The Extensible 3D Graphics (X3D) Geospatial Component standard is applied to produce X3D Earth models with global scope. Efficient rendering, network retrieval and data caching/removal must all be optimized simultaneously, across servers, networks and clients, in order to accomplish these goals properly. Details of this standard-based approach for providing an infrastructure for real-time 3D simulation merging high-resolution geometry and imagery are also presented. This work facilitates open interchange and interoperability across diverse simulation systems and is independently usable by governments, industry, scientists and the general public.
Group B streptococcus

Summary During the 1990s the focus of group B streptococcus (GBS) disease research has shifted to prevention. Increased use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in North America and Australia has led to substantial declines in perinatal disease. Vaccine development (initiated two decades earlier) has yielded results—for example, polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines given to women of reproductive age proved to be highly immunogenic and well tolerated. Also economic evaluations have assessed the cost-effectiveness of prevention strategies in different populations. Although GBS has traditionally been considered a perinatal pathogen, the burden of invasive GBS disease among nonpregnant adults has been measured. Adverse outcomes of pregnancy attributable to GBS were addressed through a multicentre study which confirmed the important role of heavy colonisation with GBS in preterm low-birthweight deliveries. Finally, the pathogen itself has continued to evolve: new capsular serotypes described in the past decade are now causing an important proportion of clinical infections.
Power-efficient analog forwarding transmission in an inhomogeneous Gaussian sensor network

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), sensor power is usually limited and must be carefully managed for each intended application. In this paper, we consider the optimal power scheduling for the joint estimation of a Gaussian source by an inhomogeneous Gaussian sensor network. The goal is to minimize the total power consumption while satisfying a certain mean squared distortion constraint. We assume that sensors transmit their observations in an analog fashion: each sensor simply amplifies and forwards its noise-corrupted analog observation through an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel to the fusion center (FC), while the latter combines the received sensor messages to generate the final estimate. Such analog forwarding strategy can be shown to be optimal in the single sensor case by Shannon's separation principle. For the multiple sensor case, we derive the optimal power scheduling using convex optimization and show that it admits a simple distributed implementation. Simulations show that the proposed power scheduling improves the mean squared error (MSE) performance by a large margin when compared to that achieved by the uniform power scheduling.
Child Spacing: The Mathematical Probabilities.

The chances of spacing children by the rhythm method are experimentally and theoretically analysed. Let q be the probability that a nonpregnant fertile female can go through 1 specified monthly cycle without conceiving. If there is no coitus during this cycle then q is 1; if there is coitus q is less than 1. p is taken from Potters equation and defined as the monthly risk of pregnancy; q then is equal to 1-p. It was shown that to achieve an even chance of spacing the birth of the next child 2 1/2 years from the birth of the last one the woman must secure a q of 97% of better. It is estimated that one needs 93% for the monthly security factor q with the rhythm method; this is consistent with about 3-4 acts of coitus per cycle if the fertile period is only 12 hours. However use of The rhythm method depends on close observation of a number of cycles and most couples practising this method cannot go through such observation without encountering pregnancy first. Therefore this method is likely to fail with many couples particularly couples with more children since the menstrual pattern becomes more and more changeable with repeated pregnancies. What is needed is an accurate ovulation-prediction test and research into the natural temporary sterility of the male partner.
Accessory Spleens in the Chicken

Abstract We have observed small-reddish-ovoid bodies craniad, adjacent, and caudad to the spleen. The occurrence, location, weight, and histology of these accessory spleens will be briefly discussed. Our initial observations revealed that the accessory spleens occurred in 15 of 18 birds. Three later trials, with 6-week-old New Hampshires, revealed accessory spleens in 4 of 40, 35 of 46, and 15 of 40 birds. Therefore, the presence of accessory spleens is variable. Accessory spleens craniad to the spleen were located along the coeliac artery. These accessory spleens ranged in weight from 4–45 mg. Accessory spleens adjacent to the spleen were attached to a mesentery and occasionally were part of the spleen proper. The accessory spleens caudad to the spleen were located in the mesentery. It was not unusual to observe 2 or more caudal accessories in a bird. The largest caudal accessory observed weighed 23 mg. A bird might contain the…
Clara cell secretory protein decreases lung inflammation after acute virus infection

Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an abundant 10-kDa polypeptide synthesized and secreted primarily by nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells in the mammalian lung. To determine the potentia...
Highly Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of β-d-Mannosyl Phosphomycoketide: A Natural Product from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide (C32-MPM), a naturally occurring glycolipid found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acts as a potent antigen to activate T-cells upon presentation by CD1c protein. The lipid portion of C32-MPM contains a C32-mycoketide, consisting of a saturated oligoisoprenoid chain with five chiral methyl branches. Here we develop several stereocontrolled approaches to assemble the oligoisoprenoid chain with high stereopurity (>96%) using Julia-Kocienski olefinations followed by diimide reduction. By careful choice of olefination sites, we could derive all chirality from a single commercial compound, methyl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (>99% ee). Our approach is the first highly stereocontrolled method to prepare C32-MPM molecule with >96% stereopurity from a single >99% ee starting material. We anticipate that our methods will facilitate the highly stereocontrolled synthesis of a variety of other natural products containing chiral oligoisoprenoid-like chains, including vitamins, phytol, insect pheromones, and archaeal lipids.
Carabid Damage to Weed Seeds Found in Indiana Cornfields

Four species of Carabidae found in Indiana cornfields were tested to determine if they would damage weed seeds in laboratory trials. Evarthrus sodalis sodalis Lec., Pterostichus lucublandus Say and P. chalcites Say damaged relatively few seeds, and Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer readily damaged seeds by feeding. When 16 species of weed seeds found in Indiana cornfields were offered to H. pensylvanicus . 4 species of seeds were left undamaged, 6 were moderately damaged, and 6 were heavily damaged; significant differences existed in the number and species of seeds damaged. Preference tests between acceptable seed species showed that H. pensylvanicus preferred giant green foxtail ( Setaria viridis var major (Gaud.) Postp.) over other species tested.
Kinetic and Scale-Up Investigations of Epoxide Aminolysis in Microreactors at High Temperatures and Pressures

A continuous-flow microreactor is applied for a kinetic study of a model β-amino alcohol formation by epoxide aminolysis. A large number of experiments are performed in a short time with minimal reagent consumption. The kinetics of formation of secondary aminolysis between starting epoxide and product are decoupled from the primary synthesis, constructing a complete model for desired product formation. The activation energy for the formation of desired product is observed to be higher than those for regioisomer formation and for secondary aminolysis, indicating that increasing temperature improves selectivity in addition to accelerating the reaction. A set of optimized conditions is then selected for best reaction performance, and the process is scaled up to a 100-fold larger reactor volume with model predictions in good agreement with measured process performance.
All optical add/drop using modulators

All Optical Add/Drop which includes optical demultiplexng are important for real-time transmission of high data rates to end users, specifically when access to subsets of a high bit rate data stream is required, for data processing, or to add and drop data channels.
Psychological and Personality Characteristics of College Students with Internet Addiction Disorder in Ningbo

Objective: To explore the current situation and demographic distribution of college students with internet addiction disorder(IAD).Methods: A total of 1014 university students were investigated with questionnaires including young IAD questionnaire,SCL-90 questionnaire and EPQ personality questionnaire.Results:The rate of IAD in this sample was 11.7%.Male students(β=-5.742)or science and engineering students(β=-5.742)were more likely to have IAD.Scores of obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,psychotic,neuroticism(N)and psychoticism(P)dimensions were positively correlated with IAD(β=0.150,0.146,0.152,0.075,0.125,0.094,and 0.116 respectively).While those of extraversion-introversion(E)and lie(L)dimensions were negatively correlated with IAD(β=-0.121,-0.059).Conclusion:College students with internet addiction disorder have obvious changes in their personality characteristics and psychological health.
Physician behavior: not ready for 'Never'land.

Disruptive physician behavior, particularly by surgeons, is a common perception. Increasing awareness and regulatory oversight is being felt in medical practice; however, little data exist regardin...
Mechanism for the Production of6Li2and7Li2Ultracold Molecules

Abstract Calculations are presented of the spontaneous emission probabilities and oscillator strengths of transitions between the vibrational energy levels of the ground and excited singlet and triplet states of the molecules 6 Li 2 and 7 Li 2 . The fractions of transitions into the continuum and the discrete levels are estimated and it is shown that the translationally cold molecules can be produced during photoassociation experiments with high efficiency. The data are used to quantify a scheme by which translationally cold molecules can be created in specific rotational and vibrational levels.
Renouncing the Forms: The Case of Elizabeth Inchbald

Much like Barbauld, Elizabeth Inchbald began writing literary criticism only after achieving professional success in other fields. Born 1753 in Stanningfield, near Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk, to a family of middle-class Catholics, Elizabeth Simpson was an unusually intelligent young girl, showing an early appetite for both reading and the stage. She had tried unsuccessfully to join Richard Griffith’s Norwich theater company, and meeting no encouragement there, at age 18 she ran away to London with the goal of becoming an actor. Two months later she married Joseph Inchbald, a much older established actor who had courted her before she had left home. Shortly after the wedding, Joseph Inchbald engaged with a Bristol theater company in the role of King Lear. Elizabeth Inchbald’s stage debut in the role of Cordelia took place toward the end of this production following weeks of determined effort to master the delivery of her lines despite a severe stammer that she was never able fully to overcome. First in the provinces and Scotland and then, after her husband’s early death, in London, Inchbald achieved some success in her chosen profession, performing with the celebrated John Kemble and Sarah Siddons, among others.
SP0096 Optimization of MTX in RA Treatment

EULAR and ACR guidelines agree that Methotrexate (MTX) should be the first part of Rheumatoid Arthritis therapy if there is no contraindication As stated in the EULAR guidelines “ MTX should be part of the first treatment strategy in patients with active RA… and thus continues to serve as an anchor drug in RA.” After decades of successful use of MTX the ideal way to optimize MTX is still being discussed. This presentation will address MTX as the current anchor drug in RA and how to better optimize its dosing for best patient care. Recent EULAR, ACR presentations will be highlighted. The pharmokinetics will be illustrated from recent Annals of Rheumatic disease papers to help clinicians optimize MTX. Genetic concerns will be addressed and how they might impact the clinical utility and future dosing of MTX. Selected references Ranganathan, P et al: Will pharmacogenetics allow better prediction of methotrexate toxicity and efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:4–9 Schiff MH: Future refinement of methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Yazdany et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Nov;65(11):1892. doi: 10.1002/acr.22076. Schiff MH, Jaffe JS, Freundlich B: Head-to-head, randomised, crossover study of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: drug-exposure limitations of oral methotrexate at doses ≥15 mg may be overcome with subcutaneous administration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Aug;73(8):1549–51. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205228. Epub 2014 Apr 12. Yazdany J, Schmajuk G, Robbins M, Daikh D, Beall A, Yelin E, et al. Choosing wisely: the American College of Rheumatology9s top 5 list of things physicians and patients should question. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013;65:329–39. Braun J, Kastner P, Flaxenberg P, Wahrisch J, Hanke P, Demary W, et al, for the MC-MTX.6/RH Study Group.Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous versus oral administration of methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a six-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase IV trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:73–81. Schiff MH et al: Oral to Subcutaneous Methotrexate. Dose Conversion Strategies in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Oral presentation: ACR 2015. Muller, R et al: Effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of subcutaneous methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective analysis of real-world data from the St. Gallen cohort. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015 Aug;45(1):28–34 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.02.009 Disclosure of Interest None declared
Thumprint: Socially-Inclusive Local Group Authentication Through Shared Secret Knocks

Small, local groups who share protected resources (e.g., families, work teams, student organizations) have unmet authentication needs. For these groups, existing authentication strategies either create unnecessary social divisions (e.g., biometrics), do not identify individuals (e.g., shared passwords), do not equitably distribute security responsibility (e.g., individual passwords), or make it difficult to share or revoke access (e.g., physical keys). To explore an alternative, we designed Thumprint: inclusive group authentication with a shared secret knock. All group members share one secret knock, but individual expressions of the secret are discernible. We evaluated the usability and security of our concept through two user studies with 30 participants. Our results suggest that (1) individuals who enter the same shared thumprint are distinguishable from one another, (2) that people can enter thumprints consistently over time, and (3) that thumprints are resilient to casual adversaries.
Neonatal AAV delivery of alpha-synuclein induces pathology in the adult mouse brain

Abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is a pathological hallmark of Lewy body related disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy body disease. During the past two decades, a myriad of animal models have been developed to mimic pathological features of synucleinopathies by over-expressing human αsyn. Although different strategies have been used, most models have little or no reliable and predictive phenotype. Novel animal models are a valuable tool for understanding neuronal pathology and to facilitate development of new therapeutics for these diseases. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel model in which mice rapidly express wild-type αsyn via somatic brain transgenesis mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV). At 1, 3, and 6 months of age following intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests followed by pathological analyses of the brains. Remarkably, significant levels of αsyn expression are detected throughout the brain as early as 1 month old, including olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamic regions and midbrain. Immunostaining with a phospho-αsyn (pS129) specific antibody reveals abundant pS129 expression in specific regions. Also, pathologic αsyn is detected using the disease specific antibody 5G4. However, this model did not recapitulate behavioral phenotypes characteristic of rodent models of synucleinopathies. In fact no deficits in motor function or cognition were observed at 3 or 6 months of age. Taken together, these findings show that transduction of neonatal mouse with AAV-αsyn can successfully lead to rapid, whole brain transduction of wild-type human αsyn, but increased levels of wildtype αsyn do not induce behavior changes at an early time point (6 months), despite pathological changes in several neurons populations as early as 1 month.
Facilitators and Barriers to Disclosure of Postpartum Mood Disorder Symptoms to a Healthcare Provider.

Objectives This study explored perceived barriers and facilitators to disclosure of postpartum mood disorder (PPMD) symptoms to healthcare professionals among a community-based sample. Methods A sample of predominantly white, middle class, partnered, adult women from an urban area in the southeast United States (n = 211) within 3 years postpartum participated in an online survey including the Perceived Barriers to Treatment Scale, the Maternity Social Support Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21, and items querying PPMD disclosure. Perceived barriers were operationalized as factors, from the patient’s perspective, that impede or reduce the likelihood of discussing her postpartum mood symptoms with a healthcare provider. Analyses examined: (1) characteristics associated with perceived barriers; (2) characteristics associated with perceived social support; and (3) characteristics, perceived barriers, and perceived social support as predictors of disclosure. Results Over half of the sample reported PPMD symptoms, but one in five did not disclose to a healthcare provider. Approximately half of women reported at least one barrier that made help-seeking “extremely difficult” or “impossible.” Over one-third indicated they had less than adequate social support. Social support and stress, but not barriers, were associated with disclosure in multivariable models. Conclusions for Practice Many women experiencing clinically-significant levels of distress did not disclose their symptoms of PPMD. Beyond universal screening, efforts to promote PPMD disclosure and help-seeking should target mothers’ social support networks.
Understanding drivers of coaching relationship quality: the relationship between RCS and PQECR

Organizations are increasingly including executive coaching as part of their leadership development interventions to improve their executive leaders’ abilities. Previous studies have linked outstan...
Leader Purposefulness and Servant Leadership

This chapter provides an overview and exploration of leader purposefulness, arguing that purpose and meaning serve as foundational concepts within servant leadership research and practice. Based on the work of Robert K. Greenleaf, and servant leadership’s emphasis on follower focus and service of followers, Irving presents a case for leader purposefulness’ capacity to empower transcendence of self-interest—a requisite for servant leaders committed to the practice of serving organizational members. After establishing a case for the priority of purpose from both the servant leadership literature and the wider leadership literature, including spiritual leadership and authentic leadership, the chapter provides recommendations for leadership practitioners and researchers interested in the implications of leader purposefulness.
Electronic Dynamics of Complex DIET Excitations

Our goal is to understand desorption cross sections from first principles. This means that we need to know the magnitude and the variation between different chemical structures of all the relevant probabilities, the product of which is the total cross section. Here we omit discussions on the probability of creating the initial excitation and on the probability for excitation decays involving processes such as pair production or valence Auger. We focus instead on the least known probability: namely, that an excitation will localize on one site (or having been created there, remain on that site in spite of the ability to hop) and lead to desorption. We shall call this effect the localization probability.
Polymer Melt and Glass: Thermodynamic and Dynamic Aspects

We discuss the following topics: 1. The scaled pressure-volume-temperature surface of the equilibrium melt. 2. The temperature and pressure dependence of the melt viscosity: Scaling and the relation to the thermodynamic scaling parameters. 3. The glass: Quasi-equilibrium aspects. 4. Molecular kinetics of physical aging processes in the glass.
Using Time-of-Flight SIMS to Investigate Group V Dopant Distribution in CdTe

Enabling continued development of polycrystalline CdTe solar cells with open-circuit voltages approaching 1 V requires new dopants and processes to increase acceptor concentrations and minority-carrier lifetimes. We have investigated multiple Group V dopants in single- and polycrystalline CdTe materials as well as Cl, using numerous dopant incorporation and activation strategies. The diffusion kinetics and spatial distribution of the dopants are revealed with a combination of 1- D standard depth-profiling and high-resolution 3-D tomography with time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. For all cases where the dopant is incorporated during growth, including vapor-transport deposition, close-spaced sublimation, and molecular-beam epitaxy, the dopant concentration is not enhanced at grain boundaries. When the dopant is incorporated through a post-growth incorporation process, fast grain-boundary diffusion leads to an enhanced dopant concentration at grain boundaries. Although both methods are applicable, in-situ incorporation offers control of dopants and devices independent of diffusion kinetics, grain structure, and grain-boundary chemistry.
Other Recent Applications: data.gov and Wikidata

In this chapter, we study two recent applications, namely, data.gov and Wikidata project. Unlike the applications we studied in the previous two chapters, where the structured information are created by semantic markup, these two applications focus more on the collection and manipulation of structured datasets themselves. With this chapter in place, you will gain a more complete understanding about the Semantic Web standards at work.
Teaching NeuroImages: Hippocampal sclerosis in cerebral malaria.

A 39-year-old woman presented with fever, malaise, and headache after visiting Tanzania. Peripheral smear showed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale with parasitemia >14%. Within hours, she became unresponsive. MRI demonstrated punctate foci of microhemorrhage throughout the deep white matter, and hippocampal restricted diffusion (figure). Five days of video-EEG were negative for seizure. She was discharged after 3 weeks of quinidine, doxycycline, and primaquine. Repeat MRI showed bilateral hippocampal sclerosis; repeat EEG was normal. Follow-up examination was only notable for short-term memory impairment.
Die Mykoplasma-Pneumonie

Die Mykoplasma-Pneumonie ist eine Manifestation der Infektion durch Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Sie wird zum klinischen Bild der sog. primar atypischen Pneumonien gezahlt. Eine Ubersicht, die zum besseren Verstandnis dieser Pneumonie beitragt, ware ohne Einbeziehung des ganzen Spektrums der Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-Infektion wenig sinnvoll, da nicht selten extrapulmonale Manifestationen uberhaupt erst an diese Krankheit, bzw. an die Pneumonie, denken lassen.
The potential functional roles of nme1 histidine kinase activity in neuroblastoma pathogenesis

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Gain of chromosome 17q material is found in >60% of neuroblastoma tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The NME1 gene is located in the 17q21.3 region, and high NME1 expression is correlated with poor neuroblastoma patient outcomes. However, the functional roles and signaling activity of NME1 in neuroblastoma cells and tumors are unknown. NME1 and NME2 have been shown to possess histidine (His) kinase activity. Using anti-1- and 3-pHis specific monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal anti-pH118 NME1/2 antibodies, we demonstrated the presence of pH118-NME1/2 and multiple additional pHis-containing proteins in all tested neuroblastoma cell lines and in xenograft neuroblastoma tumors, supporting the presence of histidine kinase activity in neuroblastoma cells and demonstrating the potential significance of histidine kinase signaling in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We have also demonstrated associations between NME1 expression and neuroblastoma cell migration and differentiation. Our demonstration of NME1 histidine phosphorylation in neuroblastoma and of the potential role of NME1 in neuroblastoma cell migration and differentiation suggest a functional role for NME1 in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and open the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing novel approaches to neuroblastoma therapy.
Demonstrate values: Behavioral displays of moral outrage as a cue to long-term mate potential.

Recent findings suggest that moral outrage signals trustworthiness to others, and such perceptions play a uniquely important role in identifying social opportunities. We conducted four studies (N = 870) investigating how displays of moral outrage are perceived in the specific context of mating. Results indicated participants, particularly women, found prospective mates describing outrage-signaling activism to be more desirable for long-term mating (Study 1), and this perception of desirability was similarly inferred among same-sex raters (Study 2). We further replicated findings in Study 1, while additionally considering the basis of women's attraction toward outraged behavior through candidate mediators (Studies 3). Although we found consistent evidence for the desirability of an ostensibly outraged target, Study 4 finally identified a boundary condition on the desirability of outrage, wherein mere expression of outrage (without activism) was insufficient to bolster attraction. We frame results from complementary perspectives of trust signaling and sexual strategies theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The Hypoxia Response Pathway Promotes PEP Carboxykinase Expression And Gluconeogenesis

ABSTRACT Actively dividing cells, including some cancers, rely on aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy, a phenomenon termed “the Warburg effect1.” Constitutive activation of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1), a transcription factor known for mediating an adaptive response to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), is a hallmark of the Warburg effect2. HIF-1 is thought to promote glycolysis and suppress oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we show instead that HIF-1 can promote gluconeogenesis. Using a multiomics approach, we determined the genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic landscapes regulated by constitutively active HIF-1 in C. elegans. We performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq under aerobic conditions in mutants lacking EGL-9, a key negative regulator of HIF-1, and then integrated these approaches to identify over a hundred genes directly and functionally upregulated by HIF-1. We show that HIF-1 directly promotes the expression of PCK-1, a PEP carboxykinase that is a rate-limiting mediator of gluconeogenesis3. This activation of PCK-1 by HIF-1 promotes survival in response to both oxidative and hypoxic stress. Our work is the first to identify functional direct targets of HIF-1 in vivo, and it describes the first complete metabolome induced by constitutive HIF-1 activation in any organism.