cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase-field model for the two-phase lithiation of silicon

Abstract As an ideal anode material, silicon has the highest lithium-ion capacity in theory, but the broader application is limited by the huge volumetric strain caused by lithium insertion and extraction. To better understand the physical process and to resolve the related reliability issue, enormous efforts have been made. Recent experiments observed sharp reaction fronts in both crystalline and amorphous silicon during the first lithiation half-cycle. Such a concentration profile indicates that the process is likely to be reaction limited. Based on this postulation, a phase-field model is developed and implemented into a finite-element code to simulate the coupled large inelastic deformation and motion of the reaction front in a silicon electrode. In contrast to most existing models, the model treats both volumetric and deviatoric inelastic deformation in silicon as a direct consequence of the lithiation at the reaction front. The amount of deviatoric deformation is determined by using the recently developed kinetic model of stress-induced anisotropic reaction. By considering the role of stress in the lithiation process, this model successfully recovers the self-limiting phenomenon of silicon electrodes, and relates it to the local geometry of electrodes. The model is also used to evaluate the energy-release rate of the surface crack on a spherical electrode, and the result suggests a critical size of silicon nanoparticles to avert fracture. As examples, the morphology evolution of a silicon disk and a Si nanowire during lithiation are also investigated.
Safety of peritoneal and pleural drain placement in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients with severe veno-occlusive disease.

Hepatic VOD (veno-occlusive disease) is a serious complication of HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) and has historically been associated with high mortality. This obstruction to hepatic flow often results in fluid collections in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. Catheter placement to drain ascites or pleural fluid may reduce intra-abdominal hypertension and/or improve respiratory parameters. The safety of these interventions among critically ill, immunocompromised children is unknown. Among 32 HSCT recipients (2000-2012) with severe VOD, we assessed the primary outcome of procedural complication from peritoneal drain placement. Twenty-four (75%) patients underwent peritoneal drain placement. No patient sustained visceral perforation or hemorrhage with drain placement. Overall mortality was 47% (n = 15). The procedure was not associated with increased overall mortality (p > 0.99). Eight (25%) peritoneal drains required replacement for malfunction. Of 24 patients with peritoneal drains, one (4%) patient had a positive culture from ascitic fluid. Eight (25%) patients underwent pleural drain placement. No pleural drain-related procedural complication or infection occurred. Four (50%) of the eight patients with pleural drains had de-escalation in oxygen requirement at drain removal, compared to time of placement. In this study, peritoneal and pleural drains were safe interventions for children with severe VOD.
Nursing and Social Work Trauma Simulation: Exploring an Interprofessional Approach

Abstract Background This project used simulation as the strategy for bringing 43 nursing and 21 social work students (N = 64) together to develop interprofessional competence. Method A narrative analysis of the qualitative learner responses was conducted. Results Four major themes emerged including the interprofessional setting characteristics, the value of collaborative communication between professions, student affective experience, and the student lessons learned. Conclusions Results validated the effectiveness of simulation, while also exposing the lack of sufficient interprofessional preparation in the overall curriculum in both programs. Implications for quality improvement and future research are explored.
The Correlation of Mid-Frequency Pack Ice Noise with Environmental Parameters

The mechanisms generating the FRAM IV mid-frequency Arctic ambient noise are examined. The 100-Hz, 200-Hz and 300-Hz ambient noise levels are correlated with temperature, temperature rate of change, heat flux, wind speed, the ice stress moment and the 10 to 20-Hz ambient noise levels. The time series and spectral character of several individual noise events are presented. The events are local, within 15 km of the receiving array, and peak in the mid-frequencies. There is no correlation with the measures of thermal stress, a weak correlation with wind speed and the ice stress moment and a .67 correlation with the 10 to 20-Hz levels.
Sequential Revision of Belief, Trust Type, and the Order Effect.

ObjectiveTo investigate how people’s sequential adjustments to their position are impacted by the source of the information.BackgroundThere is an extensive body of research on how the order in whic...
Migration of a carbon adatom on a charged single-walled carbon nanotube

Abstract We find that negative charges on an armchair single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) can significantly enhance the migration of a carbon adatom on the external surfaces of SWCNTs, along the direction of the tube axis. Nanotube charging results in stronger binding of adatoms to SWCNTs and consequent longer lifetimes of adatoms before desorption, which in turn increases their migration distance several orders of magnitude. These results support the hypothesis of diffusion enhanced SWCNT growth in the volume of arc plasma. This process could enhance effective carbon flux to the metal catalyst.
From diversity by numbers to diversity as process: supporting inclusiveness in software development teams with brainstorming

Negative experiences in diverse software development teams have the potential to turn off minority participants from future team-based software development activity. We examine the use of brainstorming as one concrete team processes that may be used to improve the satisfaction of minority developers when working in a group. Situating our study in time-intensive hackathon-like environments where engagement of all team members is particularly crucial, we use a combination of survey and interview data to test our propositions. We find that brainstorming strategies are particularly effective for team members who identify as minorities, and support satisfaction with both the process and outcomes of teamwork through different mechanisms.
Research on the electrical equipment condition monitoring system architecture based on big data

Smart grid relies partly on a comprehensive grasp of equipment' constantly monitoring information and adjustment and control of equipment's operation information, online monitoring technology with live detection technology is an effective means of achieving a comprehensive perception of device condition information. In recent years, State Grid Corporation of China is trying hard to promote online monitoring equipment and testing equipment to be used in live production business, in improving the accuracy of the evaluation device condition, device condition data is also showing explosive growth trend, which gives a challenge to currently electrical equipment condition monitoring system for data storage and application, on the one hand, how to improve the current system architecture to meet the massive data storage, query and management, on the other hand, how can the live detection data be efficiently accessed to the electrical condition monitoring system are both required to carry out in deep research.
Abstract 229: TNF Receptor 1 Signaling Is Critically Involved in Mediating Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction

Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) plays a key role in the development of cardiomyopathies, as it is associated with many conditions involving heart failure and pathologic hypertrophy. Using a murine model of Ang-II infusion, we found that Ang-II induced the synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) that mediated the uptake of CD34 + /CD45 + monocytic cells into the heart. These precursor cells differentiated into collagen-producing fibroblasts and were responsible for the Ang-II-induced development of reactive fibrosis. Preliminary in vitro data using our monocyte-to-fibroblast differentiation model, suggested that Ang-II required the presence of TNF to induce fibroblast maturation from monocytes. In vivo, they indicated that in mice deficient of both TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), Ang-II-induced fibrosis was absent. We now assessed the hypothesis that specific TNFR1 signaling is necessary for Ang-II-mediated cardiac fibrosis. Mice deficient in either TNFR1 (TNFR1-KO) or TNFR2 (TNFR2-KO) were subjected to continuous infusion of Ang-II for 1 to 6 weeks (n=6-8/group). Compared to wild-type, we found that in TNFR1-KO, but not in TNFR2-KO mouse hearts, collagen deposition was attenuated, as was cardiac α-smooth muscle actin protein (a marker for activated fibroblasts). When we isolated viable cardiac fibroblasts and characterized them by flow cytometry, we found that Ang-II infusion in TNFR1-KO, but not in TNFR2-KO, resulted in a marked decrease of CD34 + /CD45 + cells. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated a striking reduction of type 1 and 3 collagen, as well of MCP-1 mRNA expression in TNFR1-KO mouse hearts. Further measurements of cardiovascular parameters indicated that TNFR1-KO animals developed lesser Ang-II-mediated LV remodeling, smaller changes in E-linear deceleration times/rates over time, and displayed a lower Tei index (a heart rate independent marker of cardiac function), indicating less stiffness in TNFR1-KO hearts compared to wild-type and TNFR2-KO hearts. The data suggest that Ang-II-dependent cardiac fibrosis requires TNF and its signaling through TNFR1 which enhances the induction of MCP-1 and uptake of monocytic fibroblast precursors that are associated with reactive fibrosis and cardiac remodeling and function.
Calcifying algae maintain settlement cues to larval abalone following algal exposure to extreme ocean acidification.

Ocean acidification (OA) increasingly threatens marine systems, and is especially harmful to calcifying organisms. One important question is whether OA will alter species interactions. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) provide space and chemical cues for larval settlement. CCA have shown strongly negative responses to OA in previous studies, including disruption of settlement cues to corals. In California, CCA provide cues for seven species of harvested, threatened, and endangered abalone. We exposed four common CCA genera and a crustose calcifying red algae, Peyssonnelia (collectively CCRA) from California to three pCO2 levels ranging from 419–2,013 µatm for four months. We then evaluated abalone (Haliotis rufescens) settlement under ambient conditions among the CCRA and non-algal controls that had been previously exposed to the pCO2 treatments. Abalone settlement and metamorphosis increased from 11% in the absence of CCRA to 45–69% when CCRA were present, with minor variation among CCRA genera. Though all CCRA genera reduced growth during exposure to increased pCO2, abalone settlement was unaffected by prior CCRA exposure to increased pCO2. Thus, we find no impacts of OA exposure history on CCRA provision of settlement cues. Additionally, there appears to be functional redundancy in genera of CCRA providing cues to abalone, which may further buffer OA effects.
Membrane for Rockfill Triaxial Testing

This technical note describes a study that was undertaken to develop a reliable, inexpensive membrane system for testing large specimens under high pressures. The system consists of several layers of rubber to provide the necessary strength to bridge large voids, covered by a thin outer membrane to provide a seal.
What Lies Beneath: Pediatric Bipolar Disorder in the Context of the Rural School

Two thirds of adults with bipolar disorder begin to show signs during adolescence, and a one third of young people with serious mood problems eventually progress into a bipolar presentation over time. Bipolar disorder that begins in youth is termed pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). It is crucial for educators and clinicians working with or within the school system to be aware of and understand PBD in the school setting. We discuss types of bipolar disorder, associated risk factors, and the presentation of the disorder in the classroom. In addition, we describe evidence-based assessment and treatment for PBD through the evidence-based framework. Early detection and intervention have the potential to improve markedly the course and outcome for youths with PBD. The school setting is the optimal place for mental health advocates to intervene. We recommend collaborative next steps for educators and clinicians.
The basic interactional competence of language learners

Abstract This study has a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part, we focus on an issue underlying studies of what language learners must learn to interact competently in L2. These studies do not consider what learners already know that we refer to as basic interactional competence (BIC), a putative universal that begins developing in pre-linguistic infancy as part of human rationality. BIC is knowledge of the way successive utterances/actions can be substantively interconnected that forms them into an interaction and not a random collection. We regard BIC as the basis on which learners infer and adopt the practices and norms of native speakers in a host culture, as well as interact competently with other learners in L2 as a lingua franca. In the empirical part of this study, we examine naturally occurring interactions between learners of English and native speakers to identify some aspects of learners’ participation that rest directly on BIC. We assigned participants a topic they could discuss without asymmetries of knowledge of the topic, or of culture- and institution-specific norms, techniques, practices, and roles. We found that learners took an active part in making their interactions succeed in ways that have gone unnoticed and unheralded. Their responses to questions, self-editing of word choices, and detecting and remedying understanding troubles, are attributable to their having tacitly analyzed the substantive interactions among utterance/actions.
APPLICATIONS OF AN ALTERNATIVE THEOREM FOR SINGULAR DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses applications of an alternative theorem for singular differential systems. The chapter presents an assumption where a denote the space of n-vector functions y(z) with components analytic for |z| < 1, and continuous or |z| ≤1. The nonhomogeneous system Ly = u has a solution in a if and only if u belongs to (ker L*)⊥ where L* is the conjugate operator. The system L*f = g a solution in a if and only if g belongs to (ker L**)⊥.
Self-Organization of Metal Nanoparticles in Light: Electrodynamics–Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Optical Binding Experiments

Light-driven self-organization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) can lead to unique optical matter systems, yet simulation of such self-organization (i.e., optical binding) is a complex computational problem that increases nonlinearly with system size. Here we show that a combined electrodynamics-molecular dynamics simulation technique can simulate the trajectories and predict stable configurations of silver NPs in optical fields. The simulated dynamic equilibrium of a two-NP system matches the probability density of oscillations for two optically bound NPs obtained experimentally. The predicted stable configurations for up to eight NPs are further compared to experimental observations of silver NP clusters formed by optical binding in a Bessel beam. All configurations are confirmed to form in real systems, including pentagonal clusters with five-fold symmetry. Our combined simulations and experiments have revealed a diverse optical matter system formed by anisotropic optical binding interactions, providing a new strategy to discover artificial materials.
Optical characterization of surface adlayers and their compositional demixing at the nanoscale

Under ambient conditions, the behavior of a solid surface is often dominated by a molecularly thin adsorbed layer (adlayer) of small molecules. Here we develop an optical approach to unveil the nanoscale structure and composition of small-molecule adlayers on glass surfaces through spectrally resolved super-resolution microscopy. By recording the images and emission spectra of millions of individual solvatochromic molecules that turn fluorescent in the adlayer phase, we obtain ~30 nm spatial resolution and achieve concurrent measurement of local polarity. This allows us to establish that the adlayer dimensionality gradually increases through a sequence of 0D (nanodroplets), 1D (nano-lines), and 2D (films) for liquids of increasing polarity. Moreover, we find that in adlayers, a solution of two miscible liquids spontaneously demixes into nanodroplets of different compositions that correlate strongly with droplet size and location. We thus reveal unexpectedly rich structural and compositional behaviors of surface adlayers at the nanoscale.
Plant disease resistance: progress in basic understanding and practical application.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the progress in basic understanding and practical application of plant disease resistance. Major advances have occurred over the past 15 years in understanding the molecular basis of factors determining plant resistance to pathogens. Several preformed structural and chemical factors have been proven to be important resistance factors unless pathogens overcome them. Progress has also occurred in understanding active disease defence in plants, collectively called the hypersensitive response (H R). An important milestone was the cloning and characterization of avirulence genes from fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens that direct production of specijk elicitors. These elicitors initiate the activation of plant defence response genes only in cultivars carrying the matching or complementary disease resistance genes. Several of these plant resistance genes have been cloned and most contain leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) domains that are required for their specificity. Recent data establish that the LRR domains convey specificity for elicitor recognition, but it is possible that other plant proteins function as primary receptors for pathogen elicitors.
Synthesis of Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol Anchors is Initiated in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Numerous proteins from eucaryotic organisms are covalently modified by inositol-containing glycophospholipids (GPIs). Addition of a GPI anchor to protein occurs by cleavage of a carboxy-terminal signal sequence and attachment of a GPI precursor to the newly exposed α-carboxyl group of the polypeptide [1]. The experiments described here are aimed at defining the sub-cellular localization of GPI synthesis. Since recent data from other laboratories indicated that GPI synthesis could be easily assayed in T cell (BW5147.3 thymoma) lysates [3], we chose to determine the intracellular location of GPI assembly by analyzing sub-cellular fractions from T cells. After disruption of the cells by nitrogen cavitation and removal of nuclei, 70–90% of the lysosomes (β-hexosaminidase activity) and peroxisomes (catalase activity) by low speed centrifugation, the post nuclear supernatant (PNS) was layered on a series of sucrose steps and centrifuged [4]. Fractions were collected from the top of the tube and assayed for organelle-specific marker enzymes. As shown in Fig. 1, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; dolichol-Pmannose synthase activity), Golgi (α-mannosidase II activity) and plasma membrane (PM; alkaline phosphodiesterase activity) were clearly separated.
Die Theorie der Radialpumpe

Die Betrachtung der mehrere Komponenten umfassenden Geschwindigkeiten der Stromung durch das Laufrad erfolgt am besten graphisch durch Geschwindigkeitsvektoren. Solche Vektordiagramme werden als Geschwindigkeitsdreiecke bezeichnet. Sie konnen fur jeden Punkt der Strombahn im Schaufelrad gezeichnet werden, doch wird im allgemeinen die Aufmerksamkeit besonders auf Eintritt und Austritt der Schaufelkanale gerichtet; die zugeordneten Dreiecke heisen Eintritts- und Austrittsdreiecke.
Rapid identification of homogeneous O2 evolution catalysts and comparative studies of Ru(II)-carboxamides vs. Ru(II)-carboxylates in water-oxidation

Abstract One of the major challenges in developing sustainable energy storage systems is to discover robust oxygen evolving catalysts (OECs) that can efficiently oxidize water and produce oxygen, electrons and protons under highly oxidizing conditions. Thus, developing new screening methodologies and practical tools for OEC discovery is essential. Herein, we report a screening protocol which allows the accurate identification, benchmarking and kinetic analysis of molecular OECs using chemical oxidants, based on an oxygen-sensitive luminescent dissolved oxygen optical probe (DOOP). To demonstrate the practicality of this protocol, we screened more than 100 reactions to benchmark and evaluate the structure-activity relationship of several transition-metal complexes 1–16 based on Ru, Fe and Cu. Water-oxidation by Ru(II)-carboxylates is compared to structurally similar and less studied Ru(II)-carboxamides. A new Ru(II) complex 6 containing the doubly deprotonated N,N′-bis(aryl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide was also synthesized and its oxygen evolution rate was found to be dramatically enhanced at neutral pH.
Mediterranean crossroads: Spanish-Moroccan relations in past and present

Tariq b. Ziyad's conquest of al-Andalus in 711, the travels of Maimonides from Cordoba via Fez and Tunis to Cairo during the twelve century, the acquisition of the presidios of Ceuta (1415/1668) an...
China’s Vietnam War Revisited: A Domestic Politics Perspective

This study examines the role elite factional politics played in China’s decision to attack Vietnam in February 1979. Whereas existing studies have clarified the geopolitical context and the influen...
Modern Health Care Marketing

This book aims to comprehensively address several modern concepts and practices in health care marketing not sufficiently addressed by existing literature. This includes the integrated nature of health care marketing, operations management, IT and human resource management; increased use of digital technology and social media; emphasis on enhancing customer-patient experience when strategizing and implementing health care marketing; application of modern services marketing concepts to health care marketing mix, among others.
Discovery of Druggable Host Factors Critical to Plasmodium Liver-Stage Infection.

Summary Plasmodium parasites undergo an obligatory and asymptomatic developmental stage within the liver before infecting red blood cells to cause malaria. The hijacked host pathways critical to parasite infection during this hepatic phase remain poorly understood. Here, we implemented a forward genetic screen to identify over 100 host factors within the human druggable genome that are critical to P. berghei infection in hepatoma cells. Notably, we found knockdown of genes involved in protein trafficking pathways to be detrimental to parasite infection. The disruption of protein trafficking modulators, including COPB2 and GGA1, decreases P. berghei parasite size, and an immunofluorescence study suggests that these proteins are recruited to the Plasmodium parasitophorous vacuole in infected hepatocytes. These findings reveal that various host intracellular protein trafficking pathways are subverted by Plasmodium parasites during the liver stage and provide new insights into their manipulation for growth and development.
A Novel Scene of Viral Marketing for Complementary Products

Viral marketing, the method of using a small set of users in social networks to propagate products through cascades, is a well-known and extreme research problem in recent years. Then, influence maximization (IM) is formulated, which aims to select the most influential seeds to maximize the expected total adoption eventually. IM expresses viral marketing perfectly. However, almost all prior work focused on cardinality constraint or considers only simple comparative products model. They neglected that composite complementary products (CCP) are widespread. In other words, when a customer adopts products $A$ and $B$ at the same time, it is possible for him to adopt product $C$ . Therefore, we design a multi-layer network model under independent cascade (IC) model to adapt to multiple complementary products and define the seed selection problem for complementary products model [IM for complementary products (IMCP)] and CCP model (IMCCP) under knapsack constraint. Here, the seed for different products has a different cost. In this paper, we propose two efficient techniques to solve IMCP problem, called Greedy and general-TIM. The Greedy uses simple Greedy Hill-Climbing algorithm under knapsack constraint and obtain $({1}/{2})(1-({1}/{e}))$ -approximation, but the time complexity is hard to accept. The second algorithm, general-TIM, forms a weighted set cover problem by means of randomized sampling (close to Greedy in practice), which reduces the time-consuming significantly. For IMCCP problem, it is difficult to handle because no ready-made algorithms exist to optimize a function that is nonsubmodular and nonsupermodular. Then, we need to get help from sandwich method by finding an upper and lower bound. Finally, our algorithms are evaluated on several real data sets, which prove the correctness of our algorithms.
When Hate Comes to Campus: Campus Readiness for Conflict, Safety, and Student Voice.

A state voter proposition concerning gun regulation motivated a local far-right political group to organize a pro-gun rally on campus. Overriding the safety and security concerns of faculty and stu...
Hypofractionated EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor limits tumor relapse through triggering innate and adaptive immunity

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a first-line therapy for rapidly killing tumors such as those associated with non-small cell lung cancer by blocking oncogenic receptor signaling, but tumor relapse often occurs. Here, we have observed that hypofractionated EGFR TKI treatment (HypoTKI) is more potent than standard hyperfractionated EGFR TKI treatment (HyperTKI), and its antitumor effect associated with preventing tumor relapse depends on T cells. HypoTKI triggers greater innate sensing for type I IFN and CXCL10 production through the Myd88 signaling pathway to enhance tumor-specific T cell infiltration and reactivation. We also demonstrate that timely programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade can synergize with HypoTKI to control advanced large tumors and effectively limit tumor relapse without severe side effects. Our study provides evidence for exploring the potential of a proper combination of EGFR TKIs and immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for treating EGFR-driven tumors.
Mycobacterium bovis prosthetic joint infection following intravesical instillation of BCG for bladder cancer.

A 91-year-old man with a history of intravesicular BCG therapy for recurrent bladder cancer and bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) presented with left hip pain. He was noted to have a fluid collection over the left lateral hip and hip X-ray showed loosening of the prosthetic hip stem indicative of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). He subsequently underwent removal of the THA and insertion of an antibiotic spacer. He was discharged on intravenous ceftriaxone for presumed culture negative PJI. Intraoperative acid fast bacillus culture later grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which was then differentiated to M. bovis. The M. bovis infection was thought to be a complication of the patient’s prior BCG therapy. He was initially started on isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol pending cultures and sensitivities; pyrazinamide was discontinued after M. bovis was isolated on culture and susceptibility data confirmed the expected inherent resistance of M. bovis to pyrazinamide. The patient underwent successful THA revision and remains symptom-free at 1 year.
The semantics of evolutionary adaptation: clarification and evaluation

A complex terminology developed around the evolutionary concept of adaptation. One definition of adaptation is synonymous with adaptive evolution and denotes a process of population change driven b...
Context, commitment, and competency: a refugee-community partnership model for smaller urban communities in the United States

This article introduces the Refugee Community Partnership Model (RCPM), an easily accessible and applicable model for addressing the challenges smaller urban communities face in responding to the u...
Extension of the dual-memory model of test-enhanced learning to distributions and individual differences

The dual-memory model of test-enhanced learning (Rickard & Pan, 2018, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25[3], 847-869) provides empirically supported quantitative predictions about multiple core phenomena for the case of cued recall. That model has been evaluated to date only for mean proportion correct. However, it also makes predictions about the distribution over subjects for both test-condition proportion correct and testing-effect magnitude. As a consequence, it makes predictions about aggregate individual difference effects on learning through testing. The current paper evaluates those and other predictions, focusing on a data set of 509 subjects aggregated over multiple experiments that were conducted in my laboratory. Results show that the distribution predictions hold to a close approximation for materials ranging from paired associates to history facts, and for retention intervals ranging from 1 to 7 days. The distribution analyses also allow for a novel assessment of whether accuracy on a training test with feedback is a determinant of testing-effect magnitude, and the results suggest constraints on alternative models. Limitations and prospects are discussed.
Risks, benefits, and control of information: Two studies of smart electric meter privacy

Abstract Smart electric meters collect data on electricity use to potentially improve efficiency for utilities, shape power consumption, and ultimately reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Consumer gro...
Compassion-Cultivating Pedagogy: Advancing social justice by improving social cognition through literary study

Abstract Previous studies suggest that narrative fiction promotes social justice by increasing empathy, but critics have argued that the partiality of empathy severely limits its effectiveness as an engine of social justice, and that what needs to be developed is universal compassion rather than empathy. We created Compassion-Cultivating Pedagogy (CCP) to target the development of two social-cognition capabilities that entail compassion: (1) recognition of self-other overlap and (2) cognizance of the situational, uncontrollable causes of bad character, bad behavior, and bad life-outcomes. Employing a pre/post within- and between-subjects design, we found that students in the CCP classes, but not students in conventionally taught classes, improved in these two areas of social cognition and also exhibited increased preference for compassionate social policies for stigmatized groups. This finding suggests that pedagogy can play a significant role in literature’s contribution to social justice, and that further efforts to develop and test pedagogies for improving social cognition are warranted.
Abstract TP364: Developing a Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Code Protocol at a Comprehensive Stroke Center: The Georgetown Experience

Background/ Issue: Epidemiologically, pediatric strokes are rare; therefore, index of suspicion is low and many cases are not recognized early enough to qualify for acute treatment. With this small...
Usability Dimensions of Simulated Detectors for Improvised Explosive Devices

Buried explosives, such as Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), are a threat to operations in the military. This challenge is compounded by limits in training the military to detect IEDs using a handheld detector called the Minehound. Thus, a call for improved IED detector training is answered through testing Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Minehound trainers: these trainers are subjected to a usability investigation. Further, the VR and AR developments are framed within a Systems Engineering Process Model. Following traditional Minehound instruction, a data collection event occurred over a two-day period, where ten Marines were asked to use the VR and AR Minehound trainers. Following the Marines’ interaction with the trainers, the Marines completed a usability questionnaire (i.e., agreement with the usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, satisfaction, and effectiveness of the trainers; and responses to open-ended questions). Ratings indicated future iterations should not emphasize aspects of ease of use and ease of learning, such as for user interfaces, but emphasize challenging aspects, such as helping users accomplish training tasks. A lower mean score in the usefulness subscale may be linked to breaks in fidelity (e.g., lag issues, weight issues, and a non-standard Marine sweep technique). Primarily, considerations for usefulness, satisfaction, and effectiveness aspects should be highlighted in the future as per an iterative design process. A cost-benefit analysis is given to compare the traditional and experimental forms of training. Limits of the study include experimental, environmental, and technical issues.
Charge-State-Dependent Energization of Suprathermal Ions During Substorm Injections Observed by MMS in the Magnetotail.

Understanding the energization processes and constituent composition of the plasma and energetic particles injected into the near-Earth region from the tail is an important component of understanding magnetospheric dynamics. In this study, we present multiple case studies of the high-energy (≳40 keV) suprathermal ion populations during energetic particle enhancement events observed by the Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in the magnetotail. We present results from correlation analysis of the flux response between different energy channels of different ion species (hydrogen, helium, and oxygen) for multiple cases. We demonstrate that this technique can be used to infer the dominant charge state of the heavy ions, despite the fact that charge is not directly measured by EIS. Using this technique, we find that the energization and dispersion of suprathermal ions during energetic particle enhancements concurrent with (or near) fast plasma flows are ordered by energy per charge state (E/q) throughout the magnetotail regions examined (~7 to 25 Earth radii). The ions with the highest energies (≳300 keV) are helium and oxygen of solar wind origin, which obtain their greater energization due to their higher charge states. Additionally, the case studies show that during these injections the flux ratio of enhancement is also well ordered by E/q. These results expand on previous results which showed that high-energy total ion measurements in the magnetosphere are dominated by high-charge-state heavy ions and that protons are often not the dominant species above ~300 keV.
The next-generation miniaturized high spectral resolution Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS)

We will present on the status of a new NUV (3080 A) miniature SHS instrument for detecting the hydroxyl OD/OH isotope ratio remotely in diffused and faint targets such as cometary tails, comae, and planetary exospheres. Developing the SHS instrument has a wide significance to Astrophysics and Planetary science. SHS provides integrated spectra at high R, over a wide FOV in compact designs that offer the ability to make key science measurements for a variety of planetary targets. Many planetary objects that produce UV emissions are angularly extended low brightness targets, i.e., solar wind charge exchange emission, solar system planetary atmospheres and exospheres, mapping atomic emission, comets, and the interplanetary medium. SHS could be implemented on a dedicated SmallSat or ISS that can sit and stare at its target for a long duration of time that cannot be done from the ground or on big missions.
yama, a mutant allele of Mov10l1, disrupts retrotransposon silencing and piRNA biogenesis

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play critical roles in protecting germline genome integrity and promoting normal spermiogenic differentiation. In mammals, there are two populations of piRNAs: pre-pachytene and pachytene. Transposon-rich pre-pachytene piRNAs are expressed in fetal and perinatal germ cells and are required for retrotransposon silencing, whereas transposon-poor pachytene piRNAs are expressed in spermatocytes and round spermatids and regulate mRNA transcript levels. MOV10L1, a germ cell-specific RNA helicase, is essential for the production of both populations of piRNAs. Although the requirement of the RNA helicase domain located in the MOV10L1 C-terminal region for piRNA biogenesis is well known, its large N-terminal region remains mysterious. Here we report a novel Mov10l1 mutation, named yama, in the Mov10l1 N-terminal region. The yama mutation results in a single amino acid substitution V229E. The yama mutation causes meiotic arrest, de-repression of transposable elements, and male sterility because of defects in pre-pachytene piRNA biogenesis. Moreover, restricting the Mov10l1 mutation effects to later stages in germ cell development by combining with a postnatal conditional deletion of a complementing wild-type allele causes absence of pachytene piRNAs, accumulation of piRNA precursors, polar conglomeration of piRNA pathway proteins in spermatocytes, and spermiogenic arrest. Mechanistically, the V229E substitution in MOV10L1 reduces its interaction with PLD6, an endonuclease that generates the 5' ends of piRNA intermediates. Our results uncover an important role for the MOV10L1-PLD6 interaction in piRNA biogenesis throughout male germ cell development.
Medicare's Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program: Intended and Unintended Effects

This study examines whether the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), which penalizes hospitals with excess readmissions for certain conditions, has reduced hospital readmissions and led to unintended consequences. Using patient discharge data (2008-2014) from Florida, we compared changes in outcomes of targeted hospital admissions before and after the HRRP to changes in outcomes of various control groups over this same time period. The HRRP resulted in a reduction in the likelihood of readmissions by 1 to 2 percentage points for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Readmissions among Medicare Advantage enrollees also decreased in response to the HRRP, although these readmissions were not subject to the penalty. We do not find any evidence of delayed readmission nor selection on patient income. However, the HRRP reduced the likelihood of Hispanic patients with target conditions being admitted by 2-4 percentage points.
The potential of advanced technologies to reduce carbon capture costs in future IGCC power plants

Abstract Over the next two decades, our nation will need to add a substantial amount of new power generation capacity. The possibility of more stringent environmental regulations for greenho use gas emissions in the utility sector has opened a unique window of opportunity for integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCCs) equipped with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to participate significantly in this expansion. This paper analyzes several advanced technologies under development in the Department of Energy (DOE) research and development (R&D) portfolio that have the potential to improve process efficiency, reduc e capital and operating expense, and increase plant availability resulti ng in a significant reduction in the cost of electricity for plants that capture carbon.
Sex, Power, and Cover-Ups: Defining Political Scandal as American Pop Culture

Nyhan (2015) has pointed to the lack of a good definition of political scandal, that many are too focused on evidence and not on the larger picture of context. He attempts to bring together some prior definitions to fit a study of the effects of media coverage on scandal. What is still missing, however, is a definition of scandal that applies more broadly to its inclusion in what Thompson (2008) calls ―the larger audience‖ beyond more traditional media coverage. How do we account for why some scandals capture the imagination of that larger audience better than others? Further, what makes some scandals a better fit for more contemporary, non-traditional forms of media? This paper is a first step at trying to find that definition and how it leads to the "pop culturization" of scandal.
Hypothetical reported speech as pedagogical practice in multilingual classrooms in India

In classrooms in India where the instructional language is to be English, speakers use reported speech in Indian regional languages for pedagogical purposes, renegotiating the roles and statuses am...
Two-stage Sequence Generation for Partial Disassembly of Products with Sequence Dependent Task Times

Abstract For disassembly sequence generation, partial disassembly and sequence dependent task times are typically not considered together in the same model. We developed a two-stage optimization program that first determines the optimal partial disassembly sequence according to reuse value only, followed by the second stage that finds the optimal partial disassembly sequence that also includes sequence dependence task times. We prove the optimality of the two-stage approach under the condition that all components with any positive reuse value must be included in the final sequence. If this condition does not need to be met, a task hedging policy is shown to be effective.
College Degree for Everyone

We employ data from the March CPS for the period between 1964 and 2011 to compute the present discounted values of a college degree and high school diploma for different percentiles of income distributions in both education categories. We find that for a median income individual net value of a college degree is always positive. At the same time, we show that a sizable fraction of the population who acquired higher education would be better off by not getting a college degree. This fraction depends on the type of institution and opportunity costs of going to college. Our findings are consistent with the recent data on delinquency rates on student loans.
Schwinger Variational Methods

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the development of the Schwinger variational (SV) method from its introduction in 1947. The first application of the SV principle was published in 1949 by Blatt and Jackson. They successfully studied neutron–proton scattering below 10 MeV by using the SV principle to obtain an expansion for the phase shift in powers of the energy. The re-introduction of the SV method into atomic physics occurred slightly later and for different reasons than the nuclear physics studies. The major impetus did not come from nuclear physics or from efforts to find an anomaly-free variational method, but rather from attempts to use discrete-basis-set methods to describe scattering phenomena. The determination of resonance energies and widths using the SV principle is a fairly recent application of this variational principle and offers an intriguing alternative to the many Hamiltonian-based resonance methods. The diversity of resonance methods reflects the different manifestations of a resonance including the rapid variation of the phase shift used by Breit–Wigner methods, the purely outgoing asymptotic behavior of the resonance wave function employed by the complex rotation, and complex R matrix method, as well as the vanishing of the T matrix denominator used by the Schwinger method.
Innovative Organizing Practices: ACORN's Campaign in Los Angeles Organizing Workfare Workers

The work requirements in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) set the stage for unprecedented expansion of workfare programs across the nation. Shortly after the PRWORA passed, the Los Angeles chapter of the Asso- ciation of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) began a union-style organizing drive of the 25,000 General Relief (GR) recipi- ents in Los Angeles County's workfare program. Over the past four years the de facto union, in coalition with over 75 allied community, la- bor, and clergy organizations, won numerous substantive progressive policy changes in the workfare program. In a case study format, this paper describes the following innovative organizing practices and how they con- tributed to the workfare policy changes: (a) combining labor and commu- nity organizing strategies, (b) combining conflict tactics with direct service, and (c) developing leadership from the General Relief constitu- ency. (Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: Website: © 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Combinatorics of the Two-Variable Zeta Function

We consider the rank polynomial of a matroid and some well-known applications to graphs and linear codes. We compare rank polynomials with two-variable zeta functions for algebraic curves. This leads us to normalize the rank polynomial and to extend it to a rational rank function. As applications to linear codes we mention: A formulation of Greene’s theorem similar to an identity for zeta functions of curves first found by Deninger, the definition of a class of generating functions for support weight enumerators, and a relation for algebraic-geometric codes between the matroid of a code and the two-variable zeta function of a curve.
Aldose Reductase and AGE–RAGE pathways: central roles in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in aging rats

Aging is inevitably accompanied by gradual and irreversible innate endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that accentuation of glucose metabolism via the aldose reductase (AR) pathway contributes to age-related vascular dysfunction. AR protein and activity levels were significantly increased in aged vs. young aortic homogenates from Fischer 344 rats. Immunostaining revealed that the principal site of increased AR protein was the aortic endothelium as well as smooth muscle cells. Studies revealed that endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR) in response to acetylcholine was impaired in aged rats compared to young rats and that treatment with the AR inhibitor (ARI) zopolrestat significantly improved EDR in aged rats. Methylglyoxal (MG), a key precursor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), was significantly increased in the aortas of aged rats vs. young rats. Consistent with central roles for AR in generation of MG in aging, ARI treatment significantly reduced MG levels in aged rat aorta to those in young rats. Treatment of aged rats with soluble(s) RAGE, a soluble form of the chief signal transduction receptor for AGEs, RAGE, significantly improved EDR in aged rats, thus establishing the contribution of age-related increases in AGEs to endothelial dysfunction. These findings reveal that significant increases in AR expression and activity in aged rat vasculature linked to endothelial dysfunction may be mitigated, at least in part, via ARI and that aging-linked increased flux via AR generates AGEs; species which transduce endothelial injury consequent to their interaction with RAGE. These data demonstrate for the first time that AR mediates aging-related vascular dysfunction, at least in part, via RAGE.
The Crisis of Harold Cruse

(1969). The Crisis of Harold Cruse. The Black Scholar: Vol. 1, The Culture of Revolution, pp. 77-84.