cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chaotic dynamics in flow through unsaturated fractured media

Abstract Predictions of flow and transport within fractured rock in the vadose zone cannot be made without first characterizing the physics of unstable flow phenomena in unsaturated fractures. This paper introduces a new approach for studying complex flow processes in heterogeneous fractured media, using the methods of nonlinear dynamics and chaos––in particular reconstructing the system dynamics and calculating chaotic diagnostic parameters from time-series data. To demonstrate the application of chaotic analysis, this author analyzed the time-series pressure fluctuations from two water–air flow experiments conducted by Persoff and Pruess [Water Resour. Res. 31 (1995) 1175] in replicas of rough-walled rock fractures under controlled boundary conditions. This analysis showed that chaotic flow in fractures creates relaxational oscillations of liquid, gas, and capillary pressures. These pressure oscillations were used to calculate the diagnostic parameters of deterministic chaos, including correlation time, global embedding dimension, local embedding dimension, Lyapunov dimension, Lyapunov exponents, and correlation dimension. The results of the Persoff–Pruess experiments were then compared with the chaotic analysis of laboratory dripping-water experiments in fracture models and field-infiltration experiments in fractured basalt. This comparison allowed us to conjecture that intrinsic fracture flow and dripping, as well as extrinsic water dripping (from a fracture) subjected to a capillary-barrier effect, are deterministic-chaotic processes with a certain random component. The unsaturated fractured rock is a dynamic system that exhibits chaotic behavior because the flow processes are nonlinear, dissipative, and sensitive to initial conditions, with chaotic fluctuations generated by intrinsic properties of the system, not random external factors. Identifying a system as deterministically chaotic is important for developing appropriate short- and long-term prediction models, evaluating prediction uncertainty, assessing the spatial distribution of flow characteristics from time-series data, and improving chemical-transport simulations.
Variations in air and ground temperature and the POM-SAT model: results from the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract. The POM-SAT model for comparing air and ground temperatures is based on the supposition that surface air temperature (SAT) records provide a good prediction of thermal transients in the shallow subsurface of the Earth. This model consists of two components, the forcing function and an initial condition, termed the pre-observational mean (POM). I explore the sensitivity of this model as a function of forcing periods at time scales appropriate for climate reconstructions. Synthetic models are designed to replicate comparisons between borehole temperatures contained in the global database of temperature profiles for climate reconstructions and gridded SAT data. I find that the root mean square (RMS) misfit between forcing functions and transient temperature profiles in the subsurface are sensitive to periods longer than about 50 years, are a maximum when the period and the 150-year time series are equal and then decreases for longer periods. The magnitude of the POM is a robust parameter for periods equal to or shorter than the length of this time series. At longer periods there is a tradeoff between the amplitude of the forcing function and the POM. These tests provide guidelines for assessing comparisons between air and ground temperatures at periods appropriate for climate reconstructions. The sensitivity of comparisons between the average Northern Hemisphere gridded SAT record and subsurface temperature-depth profile as a function of forcing period is assessed. This analysis indicates that the Northern Hemisphere extratropical average SAT and reduced temperature-depth profile are in good agreement. By adding modest heat to the subsurface at intermediate periods some improvement in misfit can be made, but this extra heat has negligible influence on the POM. The joint analysis of borehole temperatures and SAT records indicate warming of about 1.1°C over the last 500 years, consistent with previous studies.
Notes On Accounting Capstone Course Design: Contemporary Issues Versus Case Analysis Enhances Student Interest And Learning

This paper presents how the Internet can be used to bring contemporary issues into the accounting capstone course to enhance student interest and learning. While existing cases have been reviewed and structured, they focus on issues that may not be at the forefront of the items currently under examination and/or debate by the accounting profession. Based on course development and delivery experience at a major Eastern University, the benefits and drawbacks of using the Internet to select contemporary accounting issues are presented and compared to existing research findings as a basis for future study. While the focus of this paper is on accounting capstone courses, the concepts and techniques presented can be applied to capstone courses in other disciplines.
Primary structure of the major β-chain of rat haemoglobins

The amino acid sequence of the major beta-chain, (II)beta, from rat haemoglobins was established with an automated sequencer. Amino acid heterogeneities were found that appear to result from allelic variation at particular residues. We applied several new or unusual techniques in determining the sequence: (1) reaction of the polypeptide with dansylaziridine for detection of cysteine; (2) blockage of the N-terminal residue and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues with 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-trimethylammoniobenzene iodide and subsequent identification of the modified lysine phenylthiohydantoin by absorbance at 420nm; (3) identification of histidine phenylthiohydantoin by its blue fluorescence under long-wave u.v. light; (4) cleavage of the chain into two or three fragments and subsequent sequencing without purification [a detailed statement giving the major phenylthiohydantoins assigned at each step for each sequence run before their alignment in individual sequences has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50084 (10 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5]; (5) separation of fragments produced by CNBr cleavage by cation-exchange chromatography; (6) peptide sequencing after attachment of the peptide to cytochrome c. The amino acid sequence was confirmed by amino acid compositions of the complete chain, of CNBr fragments 1 and 3, and of 11 purified tryptic peptides.
Supplemental Escherichia coli Phytase and Strontium Enhance Bone Strength of Young Pigs Fed a Phosphorus-Adequate Diet

Young pigs represent an excellent model of youth to assess potentials of dietary factors for improving bone structure and function. We conducted 2 experiments to determine whether adding microbial phytase (2,000 U/kg, OptiPhos, JBS United) and Sr (50 mg/kg, SrCO3 Alfa Aesar) into a P-adequate diet further improved bone strength of young pigs. In Expt. 1, 24 gilts (8.6 +/- 0.1 kg body wt) were divided into 2 groups (n = 12), and fed a corn-soybean-meal basal diet (BD, 0.33% available P) or BD + phytase for 6 wk. In Expt. 2, 32 pigs (11.4 +/- 0.2 kg) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8), and fed BD, BD + phytase, BD + Sr, or BD + phytase and Sr for 5 wk. Both supplemental phytase and Sr enhanced (P < 0.05) breaking strengths (11-20%), mineral content (6-15%), and mineral density (6-11%) of metatarsals and femurs. Supplemental phytase also resulted in larger total bone areas (P < 0.05) and a larger cross-sectional area of femur (P = 0.06). Concentrations of Sr were elevated 4-fold (P < 0.001) in both bones by Sr, and moderately increased (P = 0.05-0.07) in metatarsal by phytase. In conclusion, supplemental phytase at 2000 U/kg of P-adequate diets enhanced bone mechanical function of weanling pigs by modulating both geometrical and chemical properties of bone. The similar benefit of supplemental Sr was mainly due to an effect on bone chemical properties.
Dispersal and gonotrophic age of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at an isolated site in southwestern Virginia, USA.

Culicoides variipennis breeds in enormous numbers in a group of isolated saline ponds in southwestern Virginia, USA. Sticky traps were placed at various horizontal distances from these breeding sites and at several heights to determine horizontal and vertical flight activity of these midges. The numbers captured declined with distance from the breeding area. At 2, 10, and 368 m from the breeding site the highest proportion of midges was collected at elevations of 1.8, 1.8–3.0, and 3.0 m, respectively. Larger numbers of midges were captured from traps placed at 0.6 m elevation when host animals were nearby. Comparison of sticky traps with black-light traps showed that the gonotrophic age of midges collected was influenced by trap type and trap location. The proportion of gravid and parous females was greater in black-light traps placed 9 m from the breeding sites than at 396 or 650 m. The data indicated that nulliparous females moved away from the breeding site most readily.
Characterizing Spitefulness in Terms of the DSM-5 Model of Pathological Personality Traits

Spitefulness refers to the willingness of an individual to incur a cost in order to inflict harm on someone else. Individual differences in spitefulness have been found to be associated with a range of outcomes including aggression and difficulties understanding the mental states of other individuals. The purpose of the present studies was to examine the associations that spitefulness had with pathological personality traits in order to expand what is known about the nomological network of spitefulness. Study 1 examined the connections between spitefulness and pathological personality traits captured by the brief form of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5-BF) in 1836 undergraduates. Study 2 examined the associations that spitefulness had with pathological personality traits captured by the PID-5 in 414 community members. Across these two studies, spitefulness was found to have consistent positive associations with the pathological personality traits of antagonism (β = .32 in Study 1 and β = .28 in Study 2) and disinhibition (β = .12 in Study 1 and β = .29 in Study 2). Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for the understanding of spitefulness.
Safety and efficacy of intravesical alum for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis: A contemporary evaluation.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) represents a challenging clinical entity. While various intravesical agents have been utilized in this setting, limited data exist regarding safety or efficacy. Herein, then, we evaluated the effectiveness and complications associated with intravesical alum instillation for HC in a contemporary cohort. Materials and Methods: We identified 40 patients treated with intravesical alum for HC between 1997-2014. All patients had failed previous continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline and clot evacuation. Treatment success was defined as requiring no additional therapy beyond normal saline irrigation after alum instillation. Results: Median patient age was 76.5 years (IQR 69, 83). Pelvic radiation was the most common etiology for HC (n=38, 95%). Alum use decreased patient's transfusion requirement, with 82% (32/39) receiving a transfusion within 30 days before alum instillation (median 4 units) versus 59% (23/39) within 30 days after completing alum (median 3 units) (p=0.05). In total, 24 patients (60%) required no additional therapy prior to hospital discharge. Moreover, at a median follow-up of 17 months (IQR 5, 38.5), 13 patients (32.5%) remained without additional treatment for HC. Adverse effects were reported in 15 patients (38%), with bladder spasms representing the most common event (14/40; 35%). No clinical evidence of clinically significant systemic absorption was detected. Conclusion: Intravesical alum therapy is well-tolerated, with resolution of HC in approximately 60% of patients, and a durable response in approximately one-third. Given its favorable safety/efficacy profile, intravesical alum may be considered as a first-line treatment option for patients with HC.
Dual-targeting by CRISPR/Cas9 for precise excision of transgenes from rice genome

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 nuclease (Cas9) system has emerged as the robust gene editing tool that functions through the double-stranded break repair process leading to targeted mutagenesis in higher genomes. CRISPR/Cas9 has been simplified to a two component system consisting of a single guide RNA (gRNA) that binds Cas9 to target genomic sites in sequence-dependent manner. This RNA-guided nuclease system has mostly been applied for inducing point mutations or short insertion-deletions at one or multiple loci. The present study addressed the utility of this system for excising marker genes from plant genomes, an application highly relevant for developing marker-free transgenic plants. A transgenic rice line expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was transformed by Agrobacterium or gene gun with a construct expressing Cas9 and two gRNAs to target each end of 1.6 kb GUS gene. Molecular analysis of the transformed lines detected excision at low frequency in the callus lines, but at significantly higher frequency in plant lines, indicating robust efficiency of Cas9:gRNA in regenerated plants. Bi-allelic excisions were observed in plants derived from three independent events, allowing recovery of homozygous excision lines in the first generation (T0). Notably, the excision in different plant lines was formed by precise cut and ligation of the two blunt ends without mutation at or around the excision site. Since the goal of marker-removal technologies is to precisely excise a defined piece of DNA without introducing mutations in the adjacent sequences, Cas9:gRNA system could be an effective tool for producing marker-free plants.
Shrimp and coastal adaptation: on the politics of climate justice

Strategies for climate change adaptation are contingent on normative analyses of ideal development outcomes and possible futures. Competing visions for the future thus result in adaptation programmes that benefit some while disadvantaging others. In coastal Bangladesh, shrimp aquaculture provides an example of one such adaptation strategy with contested unequal outcomes. Focusing on the impacts of adaptation on the poorest and most vulnerable reduces the risk of negative impacts on the most structural disadvantaged. Attention to power imbalances, as opposed to technical solutions, can help ensure more equitable outcomes of adaptation measures.
Cubic scaling algorithms for RPA correlation using interpolative separable density fitting

Abstract We present a new cubic scaling algorithm for the calculation of the RPA correlation energy. Our scheme splits up the dependence between the occupied and virtual orbitals in χ 0 by use of Cauchy's integral formula. This introduces an additional integral to be carried out, for which we provide a geometrically convergent quadrature rule. Our scheme also uses the newly developed Interpolative Separable Density Fitting algorithm to further reduce the computational cost in a way analogous to that of the Resolution of Identity method.
Mobile terawatt laser propagation facility (Conference Presentation)

This presentation will describe the design and construction status of a new mobile high-energy femtosecond laser systems producing 500 mJ, 100 fs pulses at 10 Hz. This facility is built into a shipping container and includes a cleanroom housing the laser system, a separate section for the beam director optics with a retractable roof, and the environmental control equipment necessary to maintain stable operation. The laser system includes several innovations to improve the utility of the system for “in field” experiments. For example, this system utilizes a fiber laser oscillator and a monolithic chirped Bragg grating stretcher to improve system robustness/size and employs software to enable remote monitoring and system control. Uniquely, this facility incorporates a precision motion-controlled gimbal altitude-azimuth mount with a coude path to enable aiming of the beam over a wide field of view. In addition to providing the ability to precisely aim at multiple targets, it is also possible to coordinate the beam with separate tracking/diagnostic sensing equipment as well as other laser systems. This mobile platform will be deployed at the Townes Institute Science and Technology Experimental Facility (TISTEF) located at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to utilize the 1-km secured laser propagation range and the wide array of meteorological instrumentation for atmospheric and turbulence characterization. This will provide significant new data on the propagation of high peak power ultrashort laser pulses and detailed information on the atmospheric conditions in a coastal semi-tropical environment.
The Use of Memory in the Old Testament Quotations in John’s Gospel

The variances of the Old Testament quotations in John’s gospel from their source texts have been explained as John’s theological re-appropriation of these sources. However, this paper identifies within these variations what David Carr calls “memory variants,” ultimately showing that John was recalling the OT from memory. Furthermore, the verbatim quotations are usually taken from Psalms, which contain poetic constraints that enhance memory recall. These observations correspond strongly to the fact that the gospel of John, like other ancient documents, was produced in a culture that was predominately oral, wherein the handing on of tradition depended primarily on memorization.
Appendicitis, is it an emergency?

Prompt appendectomy has always been a standard of care because of the risk of progression in pathology. This time honored practice has been recently challenged by studies, suggesting that appendicitis can be operated on electively. The aim of this study is to examine whether delayed intervention in acute appendicitis is safe by correlating the interval from presentation to operation with the operative and postoperative complications. Retrospective review of patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis in 2009 was done. The following parameters were recorded: demographics, duration from presentation to evaluation by emergency room attending, performing CT scan, surgical consult, and operation. The pathology, post operative complications, and length of stay were also recorded. Patients were divided into two groups: incision time 10 hours (delayed group). The end points chosen for comparison were: 1) laparoscopic to open conversion rate, 2) complications, 3) readmissions, and 4) length of stay. Number of cases totaled 201, with 76 in the 10 hours group. The male to female ratio for the 10 hours group was 59:66 (P < 0.001). Length of stay for the early group was 75.52 hours and for the delayed group, 89.15 hours (P = 0.04). There was one intra-abdominal abscess in the early group and 10 in the delayed group (P = 0.04). The early group had 0.2 (2.6%) open conversions, and the delayed group had five (4.1%) conversions (P = 0.58). There were six (4.8%) readmissions in the delayed group and none in the early group (P = 0.05). Our study reveals that the complication rate, length of stay, and readmissions are more in the delayed group. Conversion rate was more in the delayed group, but the difference was not significant. We conclude that early surgical intervention is beneficial in acute appendicitis.
Nondifferential reinforcement and discrimination learning

Albino rats were maintained for 7 days in home cages lined with black-and-white striped inserts or in regular metal home cages. Ss then learned either a position discrimination or a brightness discrimination. It was found that Ss maintained in the black-and-white home cages learned the position discrimination more quickly than did Ss kept in the regular cages. Ss maintained in regular cages learned the brightness discrimination more quickly, although not significantly so. Results were discussed in terms of attentional theories of discrimination learning.
Spatial relations based on dominance of fuzzy sets

Spatial relationships between regions in an image play an important role in scene understanding. Humans are able to quickly ascertain the relationship between two objects, for example "B is to the right of A," or "B is in front of A," but this has turned out to be a somewhat illusive task for automation. When the objects in a scene are represented by crisp sets, the all-or-nothing definitions of the subsets actually add to the problem of generating such relational descriptions. It is our belief that definitions of spatial relationships based on fuzzy set theory, coupled with a fuzzy segmentation will yield realistic results. This chapter presents an approach at defining spatial relationships among fuzzy subsets of an image plane. The idea is to project the fuzzy subsets onto two orthogonal coordinate axes and to utilize fuzzy set theoretic dominance relations to capture the approximate relationships. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the theory.
Immunotoxic effects of T-2 mycotoxin on cell-mediated resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection

The effect of T-2 toxin on cell-mediated resistance to bacterial infection was evaluated in mice exposed to Listeria monocytogenes. Mice were inoculated with 4.0 × 105 (LD50) or 4.0 × 104 (nonlethal) L. monocytogenes on day 0 and treated orally on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 with 2.0, 1.0, or 0 mg/kg T-2 toxin. Toxin induced suppression of resistance was indicated by the rapid growth of Listeria in the spleen and by significant (P < 0.005) increases in mortality due to listeriosis. Necrosis and depletion of lymphoid tissue, lymphopenia, and a marked decrease in the influx of lymphocytes and macrophages into Listeria elicited peritoneal exudates and at sites of infection in the liver and spleen occured in the toxin treated mice. The immunotoxic effect of T-2 toxin on cell-mediated resistance to listeriosis was dosage dependent and attributed to toxin induced lymphoid depletion and the failure of surviving lymphocytes and mononuclear cells to clear the host of infection.
Sports Hernia/Athletic Pubalgia Among Women.

Background:“Athletic pubalgia,” a term that has gained acceptance over “sports hernia,” is more common in men than women; however, it represents a significant source of morbidity for patients of bo...
Organized Opposition: The Anti-Federalist Political Network

The Anti-Federalists, as the losers of the debate over ratification, have frequently been portrayed as petty obstructionists who had no answer to the Federalist argument for the Constitution. More recently, scholars have placed more emphasis on strategic aspects of the debate; the success of the Constitution owes a great deal to strategic considerations and to the superior political network of its supporters. The disparity in the degree of cooperation and coordination of each of their political organizations, however, has never been systematically examined. In this paper, we conduct a quantitative investigation into this question. We construct a simple measure of the organization of the Anti-Federalists, the spread of published newspaper essays, to examine the extent and development of their political network during the debates over ratification, from September 1787 through July 1788. Using data on the reprinting of essays in support of or in opposition to the Constitution, we examine the dissemination of Federalist versus Anti-Federalist arguments. We use network analysis techniques to determine the extent of national cooperation of newspapers sympathetic to each side. Our results suggest that although the Anti-Federalist network was not as strong at the beginning of the debate, they became better organized in late 1787, only to begin to crumble early the following year.
TRENDS AND OUTCOMES OF ECMO SUPPORT IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK DUE TO ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: ANALYSIS OF NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) complicated by Cardiogenic Shock (CS) is associated with high mortality. There is paucity of data from large national studies on the trends and outcomes of ECMO use in patients with CS due to Acute Myocardial Infarction. Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was
Bridging the Gap of Mental Health Inequalities in the Transgender Population: The Role of Nursing Education.

The transgender population experience mental health disparities as a result of numerous environmental, sociocultural and personal factors. Health care-related discrimination plays an unfortunate ro...
Routine Solid Phase Multiplex Anti-HLA Antibody Tests Predict Platelet Refractoriness.

OBJECTIVES No validated screening methods identify patients at risk for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloimmune-mediated platelet refractoriness (alloPR). We determined if bead-based HLA antibody tests could predict risk of developing HLA alloPR. METHODS Hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant patients screened for HLA antibodies without prior refractoriness were identified. Phenotype bead screening results were compared between patients who later did and did not develop alloPR. RESULTS Seven of 27 patients identified subsequently developed alloPR. The panel reactive antibody (PRA) and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the 10 most reactive beads in the initial screen were significantly higher among patients who later developed alloPR (P < .001). Specifically, PRA of more than 30% and mean MFI of 1,500 or more in the most reactive beads identified at-risk patients. Administration of HLA-compatible platelets yielded significant posttransfusion count increments compared with routine platelets. CONCLUSIONS HLA antibody screening by phenotype bead assay may prospectively identify at-risk patients for the development of alloPR. However, clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: Is There a Difference in Survival for Crohn's Versus Sporadic Cases?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is well known that Crohn's disease is a risk factor for the development of small bowel adenocarcinoma. However, the association between Crohn's disease-associated small bowel adenocarcinoma and survival is less understood. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of Crohn's disease on survival in small bowel adenocarcinoma. METHODS Patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma, either associated with Crohn's disease or diagnosed sporadic, were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004-2016. The primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS Of 2668 patients, 493 had Crohn's disease-associated small bowel adenocarcinoma and 2175 had sporadic small bowel adenocarcinoma. Crohn's disease patients were more likely to present at a younger age [62 vs 65, p < 0.001], have tumours located in the ileum [62.7% vs 25.0%, p < 0.001], and have poorly differentiated tumours [47.0% vs 31.7%, p < 0.001] compared with sporadic small bowel adenocarcinoma. Factors associated with significantly decreased survival included older age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.03, p < 0.00)], higher Charlson score [HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13-1.72, p = 0.002], higher tumour grade [HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14, p < 0.001], positive surgical margins [HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.39-1.84, p < 0.001], and higher stage of disease [HR: 1.90, 3.75, 8.13, 95% CI: 1.37-2.64, 2.68-5.24, 5.77-11.47, for II, III, IV, respectively, compared with I, all p < 0.001]. Receipt of chemotherapy was associated with significantly improved survival [HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.53-0.70, p < 0.001]. Crohn's disease [HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02, p = 0.39], was not significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSION Compared with sporadic patients, Crohn's disease patients have similar overall survival, and Crohn's disease is not an independent risk factor for mortality.
Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma associated with paraneoplastic Guillain-Barré syndrome: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are a rare manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and can make treatment of these patients more challenging. We report the case of a 67-year-old man with high grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who presented with severe paraneoplastic Guillain-Barre syndrome. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and definitive chemoimmunotherapy, and achieved a full neurological recovery. In this report, we discuss various mechanisms of neurological dysfunction seen in lymphomas. Prompt oncologic treatment and immunotherapy for Guillain-Barre syndrome if instituted concurrently and early in the course of the disease can be associated with the best outcomes.
Les mobilisations à l’épreuve de l’opacité policière en France

Cet article analyse l’impact de l’opacite entourant l’action policiere sur les mobilisations qui denoncent les violences et discriminations policieres en France. Sur la base d’une enquete qualitative de trois mobilisations contemporaines, l’article montre que les militants percoivent l’opacite policiere comme un obstacle important a l’elaboration de mobilisations, et qu’ils investissent dans la production de connaissances pour corroborer leurs denonciations. De nombreux travaux sociologiques ont demontre que les mouvements sociaux participent a la production de connaissances, mais peu ont examine la maniere dont la production de connaissances influence a son tour la definition des causes militantes. En comparant differents modes de production des connaissances, l’enquete revele que, selon la methodologie de collecte des donnees, le materiau empirique collecte et le prisme d’analyse adopte, ceux-ci mettent en evidence differents aspects des pratiques policieres, et contribuent ainsi a consolider certains cadrages du probleme au detriment d’autres.
Introduction to Omics Approaches in Symptom Science

Omics-based approaches for investigating the mechanisms of a symptom or co-occurring symptoms, as well as the mechanisms underlying a specific intervention, have increased with advances in technology. An omics-based approach holds promise for providing a targeted, and thus more effective intervention for managing symptoms. This chapter provides an overview of the various omic-based methods, along with the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, for symptom science research studies.
Distraction osteogenesis: A review of the literature

Distraction osteogenesis has been one of the most remarkable achievements in musculoskeletal surgery. It is the sheet anchor for the process of limb lengthening and internal bone transport as well as gradual deformity correction. It has revolutionised the management of limb deficiencies and bone loss. Since its conception over a 100 years ago, it has gone through several stages of evolution brought on by an increasing understanding of the underlying principles that govern the successful application of the concept as well as technological advancements in the field of limb reconstruction surgery. The result of this has been a significantly changing outlook for many musculoskeletal conditions. This review looks at the historical perspectives of this concept, noting the contributions of the pioneers in this field of surgery. Its evolution and the principles governing the various aspects of distraction osteogenesis are discussed in detail. The various methods in use today and its application in modern-day orthopaedics are also critically reviewed.
Establishing a Serious Game on Relationship Boundaries for People with Developmental Disabilities

This research project aims to explore the gamification of information gathering related to social-emotional skills that are directly relevant to personal relationship boundaries. The target population of this game is adults with developmental disabilities. This game, titled “Boundaries,” was developed because of the little to no supportive resources of sexual education for this community. Ten people with developmental disabilities later tested the game and provided feedback. Our results can be generalized into design suggestions for games like Boundaries as a vehicle to provide unique insights that can lead to awareness on issues that are faced by those with developmental disabilities in particular as well as those with other disabilities.
Rat Alloantigens as Cellular Markers for Hepatocytes in Genotypic Mosaic Livers During Chemically Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis

Genotypic mosaic rat livers were constructed by intravenous transplantation of carcinogen-altered F344 donor liver cells into livers of (WF × F344)F1 host rats. Donor rats were treated with a carcinogenic regimen consisting of diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg i.p.), followed by an experimental regimen of dietary 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) (AAF/PH regimen). Host rats received the AAF/PH regimen in addition to transplanted donor liver cells. Utilizing alloantiserum specific for the WF major histocompatibility complex haplotype, RT1u, 97% of the γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive (GT+) liver colonies detected in cryostat sections of host rat livers 10–13 days after transplantation were shown to be of F344 donor origin (Hunt et al., Cancer Research, 42:227–236, 1982). Hepatocytes isolated from such genotypic mosaic livers were stained in suspension histochemically and with alloantisera by indirect immunofluorescence to localize GT+ phenotype and fluorescence in individual hepatocytes: 97% of GT+ hepatocytes were of F344 origin, consistent with the cryostat section results. Hepatocellular carcinomas arising in genotypic mosaic host rat livers 17 months after donor liver cell transplantation are presently being typed with alloantisera to establish the donor or host origin of the tumor cells.
High-Gain Ka-Band Analog Photonic Link Using High-Power Photodiode at 1064 nm

We report high-gain, low-noise-figure, and high linearity analog photonic links at 1064 nm using InP/InGaAs modified uni-traveling-carrier (MUTC) photodiodes. Balanced photodiodes reach output powers of 17.7 dBm, 19.8 dBm, 20.7 dBm, and 22 dBm at 38 GHz, 29 GHz, 27 GHz, and 24.5 GHz, respectively. High common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 25 dB and good linearity with a third-order intercept point (OIP3) of up to 34 dBm were measured at 38 GHz for 10-μm-diameter balanced photodiodes. We demonstrate two analog photonic links with different noise reduction techniques without electronic amplification. In the first link, we use balanced detection with a quadrature-biased Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) for noise cancellation. Link gain of 6.8 dB, noise figure (NF) of 25.8 dB and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR3) of 114 dB·Hz2/3 at 38 GHz were achieved. The second link works at low bias modulation for improved signal-to-noise ratio with a single photodetector. Record-high gain (19.3 dB at 26 GHz and 17 dB at 38 GHz) and low noise figure (14.5 dB at 26 GHz and 17 dB at 38 GHz) were demonstrated.
Influences of post-processing treatments on mechanical properties and beta-phase content in material extrusion additively manufactured polyvinylidene fluoride structures

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymer smart materials offers great potential in terms of design of applications either requiring inherent electromechanical sensing or vibration-based energy production capabilities. Currently, the piezoelectric response of homopolymer 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) lags the properties offered using the costly alternative feedstock PVDF-TrFE or the geometrically limited sheets of homopolymer PVDF produced commercially via mechanical stretching. This work focuses on the influences of using post-printing processing techniques for producing material extrusion additive manufactured (MEAM) PVDF components with mechanical and electromechanical properties comparable to their more expensive counterparts. In particular, this research describes the effects of using post-fabrication thermal cycles and electrical poling on the development of microstructures favorable to piezoelectricity and on the mechanical properties. The dynamic electromechanical response is demonstrated for the highest beta-phase case of each in a simplistic energy harvesting application. Results from characterization tests showed that higher beta-phase content and greater Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength were affiliated with longer annealing process times. Structures annealed at temperature 85 °C for 5 h exhibited greater beta-phase crystallinity than other annealing conditions. In addition, applying electrical field was led to increasing the piezoelectric response within the 3D printed PVDF parts.
Neutrophils are important for the development of pro-reparative macrophages after irreversible electroporation of the liver in mice

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tissue ablative technology that has emerging applications in surgical oncology and regenerative surgery. To advance its therapeutic usefulness, it is important to understand the mechanisms through which IRE induces cell death and the role of the innate immune system in mediating subsequent regenerative repair. Through intravital imaging of the liver in mice, we show that IRE produces distinctive tissue injury features, including delayed yet robust recruitment of neutrophils, consistent with programmed necrosis. IRE treatment converts the monocyte/macrophage balance from pro-inflammatory to pro-reparative populations, and depletion of neutrophils inhibits this conversion. Reduced generation of pro-reparative Ly6CloF4/80hi macrophages correlates with lower numbers of SOX9+ hepatic progenitor cells in areas of macrophage clusters within the IRE injury zone. Our findings suggest that neutrophils play an important role in promoting the development of pro-reparative Ly6Clo monocytes/macrophages at the site of IRE injury, thus establishing conditions of regenerative repair.
Rock mound to reduce wave overwash and crest lowering of a sand barrier

The quantitative understanding of sand transport in the vicinity of porous coastal structures is still rudimentary. In this study, irregular wave overwash and landward migration of a narrow sand ba...
Hypercluster - Parallel processing for computational mechanics

An account is given of the development status, performance capabilities and implications for further development of NASA-Lewis' testbed 'hypercluster' parallel computer network, in which multiple processors communicate through a shared memory. Processors have local as well as shared memory; the hypercluster is expanded in the same manner as the hypercube, with processor clusters replacing the normal single processor node. The NASA-Lewis machine has three nodes with a vector personality and one node with a scalar personality. Each of the vector nodes uses four board-level vector processors, while the scalar node uses four general-purpose microcomputer boards.
Set-Theoretic Structures

The purpose of this chapter is to present a brief review of some basic settheoretic concepts that will be needed in the sequel. By basic concepts we mean standard notation and terminology, and a few essential results that will be required in later chapters.We assume the reader is familiar with the notion of set and elements (or members, or points) of a set, as well as with the basic set operations. It is convenient to reserve certain symbols for certain sets, especially for the basic number systems. The set of all nonnegative integers will be denoted by \(\mathbb{N}_0\), the set of all positive integers (i.e., the set of all natural numbers) by \(\mathbb{N}\), and the set of all integers by \(\mathbb{Z}\). The set of all rational numbers will be denoted by \(\mathbb{Q}\), the set of all real numbers (or the real line) by \(\mathbb{R}\), and the set of all complex numbers by \(\mathbb{C}\).
Abstract W P187: Utilization of Emergency Medical Services to Transfer Acute Stroke Patients Directly to Scanning Reduces the Length of Time to Scan Result

Background: Rapid assessment and treatment of acute stroke patients including computerized tomography (CT) scanning to determine the need for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been shown to be vital to positive patient outcomes. As part of an ongoing effort to reduce door-to-needle time for such patients, the door-to-CT result time was identified as an area that could be reduced by collaborative effort between Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Emergency Department (ED) staff. We hypothesized that implementing an EMS protocol for direct-to-CT scanning as part of a collaborative stroke alert protocol would reduce overall door-to-CT result time. Methods: Local EMS and ED implemented criteria to alert the ED of acute stroke patients being transported to their facility. This alert included an estimated time of arrival and was sent to radiology, neurology, registration and pharmacy. Upon arrival, the patient was met by ED personnel while still on the EMS gurney. If the ED physician concurred with the fi...
Requirements and decision model for a taxiway route support system

Airports, are major components of the global transportation network and are the subject of continuous operational improvements. Commercial aviation industry has experienced substantial growth in the last decades. This booming demand generates economic benefits, however, it also increases the congestion levels at airports. While demand is a source of recurrent congestion, it is very common experience other forms of non-recurrent congestion. Extreme weather events, equipment failure and security threats are commonly encountered sources of non-recurrent congestion. This work presents the application of the systems engineering process to build a decision support system for ground traffic control. The proposed model should be able to assist ground traffic control operators to route planes in the taxiways in a system-optimal fashion. Business use cases, requirements, model verification, are presented. The proposed model is able to handle both, recurrent and non-recurrent congestion at the operational level. The proposed model is tested for a single runway airport case with moderate to heavy degree of congestion. Percentage of congestion effectively reduced ranged from 10% to 14%, depending on taxiway geometry. Results are encouraging enough to establish the proposed model as a feasible concept and, a practical system can be developed with further research and development. In addition, non-functional requirements at the management level allow using the model to determine capacity, and measure operational performance.
Jieliang Phone Home! (A)

At Precision Electro-Tek's mobile phone manufacturing facility in southern China, thousands of operators - bright and capable young men and (mostly) women like Jieliang Hao are motivated to improve line productivity through small innovations for faster assembly and have discovered many ways to increase their performance. Meanwhile a globally-networked team of manufacturing experts led by Marty Cole, the case protagonist, is trying to spread best practice from other sites around the globe. Unfortunately these two processes sometimes inadvertently clash, presenting a management challenge. The case helps students examine the implicit assumptions managers make in organizing work inside a factory. These assumptions reflect theories of worker behavior and motivation in combination with managers' beliefs of what constitutes 'best practice'. Students are offered an opportunity to dissect these lean manufacturing theories and recognize that in this particular implementation, implementation of best practice without sufficient consideration of the interplay of theories on motivation has led to unexpected outcomes. The case offers an opportunity to explore the link between work design and compensation, and understand the differences between compensation and motivation. The case frames the role of the general manager in setting up work structures and compensation systems in a very traditional and explicit setting, one where linkages should be clearly visible yet assumptions are often deeply buried and implicit. Our expectation is that students will see the lessons generalize to most, if not all, of the organizations where they have worked. There are three cases: the (A) case describes the management view, the (B) case describes the direct labor worker view, and the (C) case details the results of an employee survey that was conducted on two manufacturing lines.
A Web‐Based Application for Initial Screening of Living Kidney Donors: Development, Implementation and Evaluation

Most centers utilize phone or written surveys to screen candidates who self-refer to be living kidney donors. To increase efficiency and reduce resource utilization, we developed a web-based application to screen kidney donor candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of this web-based application. Method and time of referral were tabulated and descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics. Time series analyses evaluated use over time. Between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012, 1200 candidates self-referred to be living kidney donors at our center. Eight hundred one candidates (67%) completed the web-based survey and 399 (33%) completed a phone survey. Thirty-nine percent of donors accessed the application on nights and weekends. Postimplementation of the web-based application, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the number of self-referrals via the web-based application as opposed to telephone contact. Also, there was a significant increase (p = 0.025) in the total number of self-referrals post-implementation from 61 to 116 per month. An interactive web-based application is an effective strategy for the initial screening of donor candidates. The web-based application increased the ability to interface with donors, process them efficiently and ultimately increased donor self-referral at our center.