cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insertion and use of arterial catheters: a survey of clinician antiseptic technique.

RATIONALE: Recent studies have shown that the incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) associated with arterial catheters (ACs) is comparable to that of central venous catheters (CVCs). In 2011, the CDC published guidelines recommending the use of limited barrier precautions during AC insertion. The goal of this study was to assess the attitudes and current antiseptic techniques employed by physicians who place arterial catheters in intensive care units. METHODS: An anonymous, web-based survey was sent to critical care physicians from multiple specialties at six teaching hospitals in Rhode Island. RESULTS: Survey response rate was 33% (27/83). Only 44% of participants reported using CDC-recommended barrier precautions during AC insertion, and only 15% reported using full barrier precautions. CONCLUSIONS: Use of barrier precautions for arterial catheter insertion was inconsistent in the cohort surveyed. Less than half of physicians surveyed were in compliance with CDC guidelines. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal preventive strategies for reducing BSIs associated with ACs.
Jeri Caldwell at Moex, Inc. (A)

This case and the A case (UVA-OB-0691) explore the challenges facing an African American executive trying to manage organizational responses to diversity problems. Jeff Fairbanks, vice president for Strategic Human Resources at MOEX Corporation, had received a call the previous day from Jeri Caldwell, who related the details of what she called the "Friday blowout." For the third time, she had been passed over for a promotion. During a meeting with her manager, she found herself yelling in frustration and then storming out of his office. She asked Fairbanks to meet with her to discuss what she should do next. Normally, Fairbanks would not meet informally with an employee at the center of such a volatile situation, and instead would have one of his subordinates take care of it. But Fairbanks didn't feel these were normal circumstances. Unfortunately, he didn't know how to handle the situation.
The plasma level of cortisol as a predictor of suicide

There is an urgent need for additional diagnostic instruments to differentiate the high suicide risk patient from the low risk patient. The suicide-to-be tends to have a higher mean 8:30 A.M. plasma cortisol level than the suicidal risk with lower suicide potential. If a suicidal risk patient has a plasma cortisol level above 20 ug%, in the absence of other possible causes for such a high level, we recommend he be recognized as having a high potential for suicide, be provided with more protective precautions, more frequent contacts with his therapist and prolonged after-care.
Vagal C-fiber blockade abolishes sympathetic inhibition by atrial natriuretic factor

Administration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) to anesthetized rats decreases renal nerve activity (RNA), an effect prevented by vagotomy but not by atropine. We sought to determine whether afferent vagal C-fibers mediate the inhibition of sympathetic outflow. ANF (2.5 micrograms/kg iv) decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 25 +/- 2 mmHg, RNA by 11 +/- 5%, and least splanchnic nerve activity (LSNA) by 10 +/- 4% in anesthetized rats with arterial baroreceptors intact, and by 40 +/- 3 mmHg, 28 +/- 7%, and 23 +/- 4%, respectively, in sinoaortic-denervated rats. Inhibition of RNA and LSNA by ANF was reduced slightly by cooling the vagi to 6 or 7 degrees C, a temperature at which conduction in A-fibers was blocked and that in C-fibers attenuated; inhibition was abolished when C-fibers were blocked by cooling to 0 degrees C. We conclude that the inhibition of RNA and LSNA by ANF was mediated by afferent vagal C-fibers. We also obtained evidence that the aortic nerves contribute to ANF-induced inhibition of RNA. Our results support the notion that ANF evokes a generalized decrease in sympathetic tone that contributes to the hypotension, cardiac inhibition, and natriuresis accompanying systemic administration of the peptide.
Passively Compliant Membranes in Low Aspect Ratio Wings

The use of flexible membranes has been demonstrated to improve flight characteristics of many small, engineered flying systems. The ideas for the use of these flexible membranes can likely be traced back to the mimicry of natural flyers which use some form of flexibility to enhance their flight capabilities. The present study examines the interaction between a silicone rubber membrane embedded in an aspect ratio 2 flat plate wing and the flow over it. The membranes are configured to have a free trailing edge and are scalloped by approximately 25% of the chord length. The interaction of the flow with the membrane motions have been obtained through the use of synchronous particle image velocimetry and digital image correlation. The results show the membranes motions ability to drive the flow to alter the wake behavior which is typically linked to higher aerodynamic efficiency. Additionally it has been shown how the frequency of the membranes motions, which is a combination of standing and traveling waves, is translated to the flow and can be altered by changing the pre-tension in the membrane.
The Incidence of Primary Cardiac Arrest during Vigorous Exercise

To examine the risk of primary cardiac arrest during vigorous exercise, we interviewed the wives of 133 men without known prior heart disease who had had primary cardiac arrest. Cases were classified according to their activity at the time of cardiac arrest and the amount of their habitual vigorous activity. From interviews with wives of a random sample of healthy men, we estimated the amount of time members of the community spent in vigorous activity. Among men with low levels of habitual activity, the relative risk of cardiac arrest during exercise compared with that at other times was 56 (95 per cent confidence limits, 23 to 131). The risk during exercise among men at the highest level of habitual activity was also elevated, but only by a factor of 5 (95 per cent confidence limits, 2 to 14). However, among the habitually vigorous men, the overall risk of cardiac arrest--i.e., during and not during vigorous activity--was only 40 per cent that of the sedentary men (95 per cent confidence limits, 0.23 to 0.67). Although the risk of primary cardiac arrest is transiently increased during vigorous exercise, habitual vigorous exercise is associated with an overall decreased risk of primary cardiac arrest.
Geomorphic Analysis of Floodplain Sand Mounds, Navasota River, Texas

The floodplains of many East Texas rivers contain anomalous sand mounds averaging about one meter in height and from 30 ft (10 m) in diameter to almost 20 acres (8 ha). The Brazos County reach of the Navasota River contains several of these mounds. There is very little literature addressing floodplain sand mounds and none which expresses a geomorphic explanation. Continuous core data have revealed that the mounds are closely related to the evolution of the Navasota River. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of quartz sand grains, pedologic studies, fluvial geomorphic reconstructions, and sedimentary structure investigations leads to speculation that the mounds are remnants of linguloid bars formed in Late Pleistocene (Deweyville?). These remnant bars have been topographically enhanced by vegetative trapping of aeolian sands derived from the floodplain.
Test and adjustment of blast operation mode for sewage treatment facility

The paper discussed the way and mechanism of aeration dissolve of oxygen and the operation features of domestic sewage treatment station of a power generation corporation,and the blast aeration way of domestic sewage treatment station was adjusted.The tested results showed that the way Roots blower operates 30 min every 4 hour can meet the requirements meanwhile saving lot of energy.
Barriers to dissemination of Venezuelan encephalitis viruses in the Middle American enzootic vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus.

Abstract Barriers to dissemination of Middle American epizootic hemagglutination inhibition subtype I-AB, and enzootic, subtype IE, Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) viruses were examined in a colony of the enzootic vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus. This species is highly susceptible to oral infection with enzootic, but not epizootic, virus strains. Adult female mosquitoes were intrathoracically inoculated with epizootic virus suspensions to ascertain whether a mesenteron infection barrier exists to these subtype I-AB strains. All inoculated mosquitoes became infected, including those receiving only 10 chick embryo cell culture plaque-forming units (CEC pfu). This confirmed that a mesenteron infection barrier exists to epizootic, but not enzootic Middle American VE strains. Mosquitoes were also given high titer hamster bloodmeals of epizootic viruses and dissected at 2-day intervals to determine the location of virus in the few infected individuals. With mean bloodmeal titers of up to 105.3 CEC pfu, only 20% or less of the mosquitoes became infected, and virus replication was confined to the mesenteron. This indicated that a mesenteron escape barrier to epizootic VE viruses exists in this mosquito. Mosquitoes were also given large and small oral doses of enzootic virus strains to compare viral replication patterns. With high titer bloodmeals, virus disseminated from the mesenteron within 4 days of infection, and titers in mosquitoes peaked 7–9 days after infection. All mosquitoes that ingested large doses became infected. Mosquitoes receiving small oral doses of enzootic viruses showed a different pattern of virus replication. Over 90% of mosquitoes engorging bloodmeal titers of 100.7 CEC pfu became infected, but the virus failed to escape from, or was delayed in disseminating beyond, the mesenteron. Thus, the mesenteron escape barrier also exists to enzootic strains, and appears to be inversely related to the bloodmeal titer, reaching 61% with undetectable bloodmeal titers.
Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas in children

Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas are very rare tumors in the pediatric population and consist of a heterogeneous collection of subtypes. They can occur anywhere in the body, with the extremities the most common anatomic site. In the initial evaluation of a soft tissue mass, proper radiographic evaluation is best performed with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, while tissue for diagnosis should be obtained with a well planned incisional biopsy. Complete surgical resection remains the cornerstone of therapy, but it is now recognized that multi-modal strategies incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy should be studied for incompletely resected tumors and those with poor prognostic indicators.
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Hyperhidrosis: How I Do It

The oculoplastic surgeon’s familiarity and expertise with periorbital and facial botulinum toxin injections may prompt patients to inquire about the use of neuromuscular toxins in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Identifying appropriate injection sites can be difficult. This chapter describes a technique for identifying and injecting botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis.
Genetic Studies of Genius and the Life Cycle Follow-Ups

The Genetic Studies of Genius study, begun by Lewis Terman in 1921, is the longest running continuous psychological investigation. Recruitment through 1928 yielded a final sample of 1,528 Californian children of high intelligence. The participants have been studied and surveyed about their personalities, education, careers, successes, marriages, families, and well-being every 5–10 years throughout life. The results reveal that, even within an intelligent sample, psychological and social characteristics interact with the environment to set individuals on lifelong pathways toward health and thriving, or toward illness and stagnation throughout the lifespan. Keywords: giftedness; health; lifespan and development psychology; personality; Terman, Lewis
Reliability and Validity of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale in Treatment-Seeking Problem Gamblers.

BACKGROUND: Problem gambling is a growing concern as governments become more reliant on gambling revenue particularly from increases in gambling casinos. It is widely reported that problem gamblers experience both high levels of comorbid mental health issues and subsequent disability that comes with such. To date, there have been few measures tested with problem gamblers that are a good measure of this disability. The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a five-item measure of disability, which is used widely in a number of clinical settings including gambling. METHOD: The reliability and validity of the WSAS were examined in 171 outpatient problem gamblers who presented to a cognitive behavior therapy service in Adelaide, Australia. Subjects were assessed by trained cognitive behavior therapists and offered individual outpatient, group, or inpatient treatment. All subjects signed consent for their clinical data to be used and completed a battery of outcome measures at assessment, discharge, and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the WSAS was excellent among problem gamblers. A principal component analysis generated a single factor of disability. The WSAS has good concurrent validity with measures of gambling and comorbid anxiety and depression. The WSAS also shows promise as a measure of improvement in a clinical service. CONCLUSION: The WSAS has excellent reliability and sound validity among a treatment-seeking problem gambling population. Understanding disability related to gambling may offer insights into the long-term success of gamblers completing treatment. This instrument needs further refinement in a more rigorous experimental setting.
History: An (Un)sustainable Geo-History of Intercurrence

The “Greater Seattle” area is built originally upon a process of land alienation from indigenous populations. Original dispossession led over time to new processes of (industrialized) urban-based accumulation, while ongoing modes of class, gender, and race segregation, concerted efforts in public organization (e.g., engineering, planning, services, war-making, institutional reforms), and continuing private innovations in product development (e.g., Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon) critically reshaped nature and society into an altered metropolitan space by the mid- to late- twentieth century. Now well into the twenty-first century, “Greater Seattle” is, following Alan Scott (A world in emergence: Cities and regions in the 21st century. Edward Elgar, Cheltonham, UK, 2012), an increasingly “digitized” and highly dynamic global city-regional economy of some four million people spread over four major counties, albeit still anchored around the core city of Seattle in King County. New efforts to build a new city-regional order around a more just resiliency, however, are shaped strongly by past orders constituted by both ideational and institutional forces.
Divergent Impacts of Law on Law Firm Practice

Extensive research on the relationship between law and organizations has been performed in the organizations literature. Entrepreneurship research has focused on economic spillover effects of law a...
Abstract B07: Gain of function activities of p53R245W in a conditional knock-in mouse model

Missense mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are present in more than 50% of human tumors. Emerging evidence suggests that p53 missense mutations in human cancer patients are associated with the poor prognosis and drug resistance due to their gain-of-function (GOF) properties, rather than just the loss of normal p53 function. Interestingly, these missense mutations have been shown to contribute to tumor progression by different mechanisms: interactions with Smad and SREBPs, modulation of EGFR/integrin signaling, and inhibition of p63 and p73 tumor suppressors. Combined, these studies suggest that the GOF of p53 missense mutations may be dependent on cell contexts and mutation types. Of particular interest, the p53R248W mutation is one of the most frequent missense mutation among human cancer patients; yet to date a mouse model that faithfully mimics this mutation does not exist. Additionally, the majority of human cancers evolve from somatic inactivation of p53 and current mouse models do not mimic somatic mutation of p53. Thus, we generated a conditional p53WMR245/+ knock-in mouse model, which normally expresses wild type p53, but produces p53R245W by Cre-mediated deletion of wild type p53 sequences. Germ line mutation of p53R245W/+ can rescue the early embryonic lethality of Mdm2 and Mdm4 null alleles like p53 null. Preliminary analyses of p53R245W/+ cohorts indicate differences in tumor spectrum in comparison to p53+/- and p53R172H/+ mice. Somatic mutation of p53R245W has also been performed to examine germ line versus somatic differences in tumor development. This study will help us understand the in vivo contributions of different p53 missense mutations to tumorigenesis, as well as the genetic alterations that occur during tumor evolution initiated by both germ line and somatic p53 mutations. Citation Format: Shunbin Xiong, Yun Zhang, Guillermina Lozano. Gain of function activities of p53R245W in a conditional knock-in mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
Defective trafficking of rhodopsin and its role in retinal degenerations

Retinitis pigmentosa is a retinal degeneration transmitted by varied modes of inheritance and affects approximately 1 in 4000 individuals. The photoreceptors of the outer retina, as well as the retinal pigmented epithelium which supports the outer retina metabolically and structurally, are the retinal regions most affected by the disorder. In several forms of retinitis pigmentosa, the mislocalization of the rod photoreceptor protein rhodopsin is thought to be a contributing factor underlying the pathophysiology seen in patients. The mutations causing this mislocalization often occur in genes coding proteins involved in ciliary formation, vesicular transport, rod outer segment disc formation, and stability, as well as the rhodopsin protein itself. Often, these mutations result in the most early-onset cases of both recessive and dominant retinitis pigmentosa, and the following presents a discussion of the proteins, their degenerative phenotypes, and possible treatments of the disease.
The association of anxiety, depression, and worry symptoms on cognitive performance in older adults.

ABSTRACTEmerging research suggests that a relationship exists between the cognitive aspects of anxiety (e.g. worry) and cognitive decline in older adults. The current study examined the association between anxiety, depressive, and worry symptoms on cognitive performance. Participants were 156 older adults enrolled in the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample Study (NKI-RS). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to determine the unique associations of anxiety, depressive, and worry symptoms on cognitive performance as measured by the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn CNB), the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Worry symptoms were a significant predictor of Penn CNB social cognition, complex cognition, executive function, and episodic memory performance as well as RAVLT immediate and short-delay recall, but not of D-KEFS performance or RAVLT long-delay recall. In contrast, anxiety and depressive symptoms had few uniq...
Recent Experimental Results for the Initial Step of Bacterial Photosynthesis

This paper discusses experiments pertaining to two major issues of the primary events of photosynthesis: Why is only a single side (A-side) of the highly C2 symmetrical reaction center active? How does the electron get from the special pair donor (P) to the bacteriopheophytin acceptor (HA)? The investigation presented here highlights the correlation between the reduction potential of the primary donor and the initial charge separation rate measured by femtosecond spectroscopy in a series of mutated reaction centers from Rb. capsulatus 1.
Predicting Nursing Program Success for Veterans: Examining the Importance of TEAS and Pre-Admit Science GPA.

Abstract Background Support for veterans in nursing education programs is a priority in universities across the U.S. While studies have examined the relationship between admission criteria and successful nursing program outcomes, minimal data are available regarding predictors of veteran student success. Methods Success for veterans in one university BSN nursing program was examined, as measured by three outcomes: Nursing program graduation GPA, graduation rate, and NCLEX-RN pass rate, as predicted by two admission criteria: GPA and TEAS. Results Among veteran students, pre-admit science GPAs at or above the median score (3.41) predicted higher nursing program graduation GPA, but did not predict graduation rates or NCLEX-RN pass rates. TEAS scores were not predictive of nursing program graduation GPA, graduation rates or NCLEX-RN pass rates. In comparison, veteran and non-veteran nursing students' graduation rates and NCLEX-RN pass rates were similar; with average nursing program graduation GPAs slightly lower for veterans. Veterans contributed gender, age, and cultural diversity to the nursing student body. When NCLEX-RN exam retakes are included, 100% of all veteran participants were successful, a possible indicator of resilience and work ethic. Conclusion Further discussion is indicated regarding nursing program admission criteria, and factors for success of veterans in nursing programs.
Progress in brain cannabinoid CB2 receptor research: From genes to behavior.

Abstract The type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) was initially regarded as a peripheral cannabinoid receptor. However, recent technological advances in gene detection, alongside the availability of transgenic mouse lines, indicate that CB2Rs are expressed in both neurons and glial cells in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions, and are involved in multiple functions at cellular and behavioral levels. Brain CB2Rs are inducible and neuroprotective via up-regulation in response to various insults, but display species differences in gene and receptor structures, CB2R expression, and receptor responses to various CB2R ligands. CB2R transcripts also differ between the brain and spleen. In the brain, CB2A is the major transcript isoform, while CB2A and CB2B transcripts are present at higher levels in the spleen. These new findings regarding brain versus spleen CB2R isoforms may in part explain why early studies failed to detect brain CB2R gene expression. Here, we review evidence supporting the expression and function of brain CB2R from gene and receptor levels to cellular functioning, neural circuitry, and animal behavior.
Part of Speech Tagging in Luyia: A Bantu Macrolanguage

Luyia is a macrolanguage in central Kenya. The Luyia languages, like other Bantu languages, have a complex morphological system. This system can be leveraged to aid in part of speech tagging. Bag-of-characters taggers trained on a source Luyia language can be applied directly to another Luyia language with some degree of success. In addition, mixing data from the target language with data from the source language does produce more accurate predictive models compared to models trained on just the target language data when the training set size is small. However, for both of these tagging tasks, models involving the more distantly related language, Tiriki, are better at predicting part of speech tags for Wanga data. The models incorporating Bukusu data are not as successful despite the closer relationship between Bukusu and Wanga. Overlapping vocabulary between the Wanga and Tiriki corpora as well as a bias towards open class words help Tiriki outperform Bukusu.
An integrated bioeconomic local economy-wide assessment of the environmental impacts of poverty programs

A new generation of poverty programs around the globe provides cash payments to poor and vulnerable households. Studies show that these social cash transfer programs create income and welfare benefits for poor households and the local economies where they live. However, this may come at the cost of damaging local environments if cash payments stimulate food production that conflicts with natural resource conservation. Evaluations of the economic impacts of poverty programs do not account for the welfare consequences of environmental impacts, which are potentially large for poor communities closely tied to natural resources. We use an ex-ante policy simulation tool, a bioeconomic local computable general equilibrium model parameterized with microsurvey data, to analyze the expected welfare consequences of environmental degradation caused by a cash transfer program. For a Philippine fishing community that is a net importer of fish, we show that a government cash transfer program initially increases real incomes for all households. However, increased demand for fish leads to a decline in the local fish stock that reduces program benefits. Household groups experience declines in real income benefits of 2-63%, with fishing households suffering the largest declines. Impacts on local fish stocks depend on the extent to which markets link fishing communities to outside regions through trade. Greater market integration can mitigate the fish stock decline, but this reduces the local income benefits of cash transfers.
Shared Decision-Making

Shared decision-making is not a new concept but has been gaining traction in recent years as a means of engaging patients in their health care choices. Decision aid development is being encouraged in order to further enhance patient discussions with clinicians. As shared decision-making engages the patient's core values and goals, clinicians are better able to guide patients with their health care choices. Shared decision-making results in less utilization of health care resources, engages more patient autonomy, and is being advocated for all patients as value-based care.
Effects of exogenous somatostatin and cysteamine on net nutrient flux across the portal-drained viscera and liver of sheep during intraduodenal infusion of starch hydrolysate and casein

We used eight Polypay wethers (36 +/- .6 kg BW) fitted with hepatic portal, hepatic venous, mesenteric arterial and venous, and duodenal catheters in a crossover design experiment to determine the influence of somatostatin (SRIF) on splanchnic metabolism. Each crossover period consisted of 14 d, with net flux of nutrients and hormones (venoarterial differences x blood flow) measured on d 14. Before flux measurements, wethers received an i.v. dose (0 h) of either 0 (vehicle) or 50 mg x kg BW(-1) x 10 min(-1) cysteamine (CSH, SRIF-depleting agent) followed by a continuous duodenal infusion (h 10 to 22) of a starch hydrolysate-casein solution. Six sets of arterial, portal, and hepatic blood samples were obtained (h 12 to 16), after which a primed (10 microg), continuous jugular infusion of SRIF-14 (5.0 microg x kg BW(-1) x h(-1)) was initiated and sampling protocol repeated (h 18 to 22). Cysteamine administration increased (P < .01, vs control) portal and hepatic blood flow in the absence of exogenous SRIF (CSH x SRIF, P < .01). Net portal-drained viscera (PDV) release of glucose, alpha-amino N, ammonia N, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and oxygen consumption were decreased (P < or = .10) and lactate release increased (P = .005) during SRIF infusion. The CSH increased (P < .05) PDV release of beta-hydroxybutyrate and insulin and increased (P = .09, CSH alone vs control) net release of glucose in the absence of exogenous SRIF. Exogenous SRIF increased (P = .10) and CSH decreased (P = .09) net hepatic glucose output, whereas liver oxygen consumption was decreased (P = .04) with exogenous SRIF and increased (P = .01) with CSH. Net total splanchnic alpha-amino N release and oxygen consumption were decreased (P < .10) with exogenous SRIF, but CSH increased (P < .05) insulin release and oxygen consumption. These data provide initial evidence for a regulatory involvement of SRIF in visceral metabolism in ruminants.
Educators’ Perceptions of Student Digital Citizenship Practices

Digital citizenship, defined as exhibiting appropriate and responsible behavior with digital technology use, is an essential component of technology education. The purpose of this study was to exam...
The Impact of Interaction with Adults with Disabilities on Preservice General Education Students’ Attitudes towards Disability and Inclusion

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the interaction project (i.e., Peer Lunch Club Project) influenced preservice general education students’ attitudes towards disability and inclusion...
Results of a RCT assessing saline and xylitol nasal irrigation for CRS and fatigue in Gulf War illness

Objective To assess the efficacy of saline nasal irrigation (S-NI) and xylitol nasal irrigation (X-NI) for chronic rhinosinusitis in participants with Gulf War illness (GWI). Methods This 26 week, 3-arm (1:1:1) randomized controlled trial examined veterans meeting criteria for GWI with moderate-to-severe chronic rhinosinusitis and fatigue symptoms. All participants received standard of care for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); additionally, S-NI or X-NI participants added twice-daily NI using 2% saline or 5% xylitol solutions. Outcomes included disease-specific quality of life (primary; sino-nasal outcome test [SNOT-20]; 0-100 points), overall quality of life (Short-Form 36), and fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Index). Outcome assessors were blind to allocation group. Intention-to-treat analysis used repeated measures modeling; statistical significance was evaluated at the two-sided α level of .05. Results Randomization (N = 40) produced three similar groups regarding sex (male, 80%), age (53.8 ± 7.8 years), duration (19.8 ± 7.7 years), and illness severity (48.5 ± 12.7 SNOT-20 points). Age- and gender-adjusted between-group comparison showed that X-NI participants, compared with control, reported improved SNOT-20 scores at 8 weeks (13.5 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -27.9 to 0.9) and at 26 weeks (15.4 points, 95% CI -30.1 to -0.6). S-NI participants improved by 13.4 points (95% CI -28.8, 2.1) at 26 weeks compared with control.The improvement in both NI groups approached minimal clinical important difference compared to control for the SNOT-20 in the general population. Secondary outcomes were not different between groups. Satisfaction in both irrigation groups was high. Conclusions This randomized controlled trial suggests that NI with saline or xylitol improves chronic sinus symptoms among participants with GWI with improvement scores similar to those in the general population. Level of evidence 1b, individual randomized controlled trial.
Trophic cascades alter eco-evolutionary dynamics and body size evolution

Trait evolution in predator-prey systems can feed back to the dynamics of interacting species as well as cascade to impact the dynamics of indirectly linked species (eco-evolutionary trophic cascades; EETCs). A key mediator of trophic cascades is body mass, as it both strongly influences and evolves in response to predator-prey interactions. Here, we use Gillespie eco-evolutionary models to explore EETCs resulting from top predator loss and mediated by body mass evolution. Our four-trophic-level food chain model uses allometric scaling to link body mass to different functions (ecological pleiotropy) and is realistically parameterized from the FORAGE database to mimic the parameter space of a typical freshwater system. To track real-time changes in selective pressures, we also calculated fitness gradients for each trophic level. As predicted, top predator loss generated alternating shifts in abundance across trophic levels, and, depending on the nature and strength in changes to fitness gradients, also altered trajectories of body mass evolution. Although more distantly linked, changes in the abundance of top predators still affected the eco-evolutionary dynamics of the basal producers, in part because of their relatively short generation times. Overall, our results suggest that impacts on top predators can set off transient EETCs with the potential for widespread indirect impacts on food webs.
Abstract P889: Virtual Outcomes: A Possible Strategy to Improve Retention in a Primary Stroke Prevention Trial

Background: Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and an important contributor to the racial disparities of stroke incidence. Thus, working within the communities in ...
Impact of an automatic palliative care consultation trigger on healthcare use in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

224Background: Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor outcomes and high levels of healthcare use at end of life. Palliative care remains underused in hematology an...
Manufacture of recyclable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/silicone blends and their mechanical properties

Abstract A recyclable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/Silicone thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) consisting of TPU, Silicone, and additives (i.e. crosslinking agent, antioxidant, compatilizers, and processing aid) with high tensile strength (10.0 MPa), good elongation (322%), low abrasion rate (0.11%), proper hardness (Shore A83), and low static/kinetic friction coefficient (0.72/0.61) has been successfully manufactured. Moreover, we have also prepared the prototype for bands of smart bracelets based on lab-made TPU/Silicone TPV, demonstrating that it is a highly potential recyclable material for wearable devices.
Peacekeeping in the Middle East as an International Regime

This book investigates whether an international institution can alter state behaviour and thereby contribute to the peaceful resolution of a conflict. Kenneth Dombroski focuses on the series of interrelated peacekeeping efforts undertaken to help resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict from 1948-1994. Analyzing these sequential operations over a forty-six year period provides evidence as to the relative importance of institutions in a state-centric international system. He provides an alternative approach to the study of international peacekeeping that evaluates the long-term effects of peacekeeping on state behaviour, and concomitantly, the effects of varying state behaviour on an international regime. This book offers new perspectives on the relative importance of regimes, the utility of regime analysis in explaining the importance of international institutions, the significance of a peacekeeping regime's role in influencing state behaviour, and the impact of varying state behaviour on regime evolution.
What is a Human Being?: A Heideggerian View

This broad, ambitious study is about human nature, but human nature treated in a way quite different from the scientific account that influences so much of contemporary philosophy. Drawing on certain basic ideas of Heidegger the author presents an alternative to the debate waged between dualists and materialists in the philosophy of mind that involves reconceiving the way we usually think about 'mental' life. Olafson argues that familiar contrasts between the 'physical' and the 'psychological' break down under closer scrutiny. They need to be replaced by a conception of human being in which we are not entities compounded out of body and mind, but unitary entities that are distinguished by 'having a world', which is very different from simply being a part of the world.
Comment: Response to “Children’s Needs and Parental Liberty: A Liberal Contradiction and How to Escape from It”

There are two principal projects undertaken in “Children’s Needs and Parental Liberty”. First a wide variety of accounts of the moral dimension of the parent-child relationship are criticized under the catch-all heading of a “liberal conception”. Second, having found the liberal conceptions wanting, a way to talk about the just relationship between parent and child is suggested.
Thermal stability of pseudomorphic In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub y/Al/sub 1-y/As/InP heterostructures

The authors investigated the thermal stability of strained layers of InGaAs and InAlAs on InP. Epilayer and interface quality was assessed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and electron mobility measurement as a function of the annealing cycle. Both techniques show that high-quality, pseudomorphic heterostructures are thermally stable at annealing temperatures of up to 700-800/spl deg/C, despite exceeding the Matthews-Blakeslee critical layer thickness. These findings suggest that layers exceeding the predicted critical thickness may be successfully used in device heterostructures. >
Joint phased array antenna gain patterning and scheduling for satcom transmission

The economic viability of data satellite networks requires efficient utilization of precious resources. The phased array antenna can provide flexibility of beam size, shape and transmission rates. The optimum design of antenna gain pattern and scheduling is critical for supporting a broad spectrum of unscheduled bursty users with small receiver antennas at high data rates. In this paper, we describe the optimum joint solution for phased array antenna gain patterning and scheduling. We examine two limiting cases: (i) when active users are located far enough apart so that they can be served simultaneously with very small interference and (ii) when active users are closer than one beamwidth. In the first case, the optimum scheme is to provide the narrowest spotbeams for non-interfering users. In the second case when co-channel interference is significant between close-in users, the optimum pattern of each signal depends on the distances between users and their signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). and the optimum, solution can be one of three possibilities; (i) complete cancellation of interference. (ii) optimum suppression of interference, and (iii) sequential service of close-in users. Due to its flexibility for power allocation, the phased array antenna can provide better performance than the multiple beam antenna especially when there are a small number of very demanding users
The Foundations of Remembering : Essays in Honor of Henry L. Roediger, III

Nairne, Roddy Roediger's Memory. Bjork, Bjork, Caughey, Retrieval as a Self-Limiting Process: Part II. Tulving, Are There 256 Different Kinds of Memory? Greene, Foxes, Hedgehogs, and Mirror Effects: The Role of General Principles in Memory Research. Wixted, Signal-Detection Theory and the Neuroscience of Recognition Memory. Balota, Duchek, Logan, Is Expanded Retrieval Practice a Superior Form of Spaced Retrieval? A Critical Review of the Extant Literature. Surprenant, Bireta, Farley, A Brief History of Memory and Aging. Neath, Brown, Making Distinctiveness Models of Memory Distinct. Schmidt, Unscrambling the Effects of Emotion and Distinctiveness on Memory. Craik, Turk-Browne, The Effects of Attention and Emotion on Memory for Context. Klein, Shiffrin, Criss, Putting Context in Context. Healy, Cunningham, Shea, Kole, The Effects of Familiarity on Reconstructing the Order of Information in Semantic and Episodic Memory. Rajaram, Attentional Requirements of Perceptual Implicit Memory. McDaniel, Einstein, Spontaneous Retrieval in Perspective Memory. Unsworth, Engle, Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Retrieval: A Cue-Dependent Search Approach. Martin, Biegler, Competition and Inhibition in Word Retrieval: Implications for Language and Memory Tasks. Schweickert, The Structure of Semantic and Phonological Networks and the Structure of a Social Network in Dreams. McDermott, Inducing False Memories Through Associated Lists: A Window Onto Everyday False Memories? Neely, Tse, Semantic Relatedness of Effects on True and False Memories in Episodic Recognition: A Methodological and Empirical Review. Schacter, Gallo, Kensinger, The Cognitive Neuroscience of Implicit and False Memories: Perspectives on Processing Specificity. Rhodes, Jacoby, Toward Analyzing Cognitive Illusions: Past, Present, and Future. Marsh, Fazio, Learning From Fictional Sources. Loftus, Cahill, Memory Distortion: From Misinformation to Rich False Memory.
Thermoelectrically Cooled Temperature-Gradient Apparatus for Comparative Cell and Virus Temperature Studies

Abstract Establishment of a near-linear temperature gradient in an incubator has been accomplished by the application of heat to one terminus of a conducting body, normally a metal bar, and the removal of heat from the other terminus of the conducting body. Such incubators have been complex and unwieldy because of the need for mechanical refrigeration. We have described a simplified temperature gradient incubator which uses thermoelectric module cooling coupled with electric heating. Along the gradient, 20 stations in two parallel rows of 10, each accommodating a 30-ml plastic cell culture flask, were continually monitored by an electronic thermometer, and the temperatures were recorded. By manipulation of two simple potentiometer controls, any temperature gradient between 0 and 50 C could be obtained. Minor deviations which occurred between theoretically perfect and obtained temperature gradients were reproducible and readily measured. The gradient incubator was particularly applicable to (i) simultaneously studying a given biological activity over the entire temperature range supporting the growth of a given cell, virus, or microorganism, or (ii) precisely defining the upper or lower temperature limits of a biological system by 10-point determinations. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the usefulness of the apparatus in characterizing the temperature limits for growth in vitro of cells of reptilian cell lines. The gradient incubator was also successfully utilized for the characterization of the effect of temperature on the efficiency of plating of amphibian viruses and possible temperature variants of those viruses.
Organoboranes : XVIII. Reaction of lithium alkynes with methyl dialkylborinates: The synthesis of B-1-alkynyldialkylboranes

Abstract The reaction of alkynyllithium reagents with methyl dialkylborinates in tetrahydrofuran proceeds readily to form lithium methyl alkynyldialkylborinates. Reaction of this ”rate“ complex with 1.3 equivalent of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate gives the alkynyldialkylboranes in essentially quantitative yield.
The Framework of Full Faith and Credit and Interstate Recognition of Same Sex Marriages

This article considers whether a Massachusetts same-sex marriage or a Vermont same-sex civil union is entitled to full faith and credit in other states by virtue of the Full Faith and Credit Clause of Article IV of the United States Constitution (the Clause) and, under a statute enacted by Congress to implement that clause, Section 1739 of the Federal Judicial Code.
Potato Granules, Development and Technology of Manufacture

Publisher Summary This chapter traces the historical development of potato granules; a dehydrated product that appears to be headed for an important role in potato utilization. Potato granules are precooked, dehydrated potatoes produced in particulate form consisting substantially of whole tissue cells or small aggregates of cells. The product is characterized by high bulk density and great convenience of preparation (requiring only a simple mixing with hot Liquid). The chapter describes the general characteristics of potato granules and tabulates data to illustrate characteristic differences among various methods of preserving potatoes. It is seen that, in space and weight conservation, dehydrated potatoes have a distinct advantage and that granules rank higher in these respects than strips. A balancing factor for canned potatoes is the convenience of preparation; it is the easiest preserved product to prepare for serving. In reviewing the literature and describing experimental arid commercial developments in the preparation of potato granules, some unpublished findings of the authors and their associates have been included.
Poverty and Inequality: The Global Context

The previous chapters in this Handbook have focused primarily on inequality in developed countries. The approximately five billion people who live in low and middle-income countries figured only fleetingly in the plot, as a huge (and possibly a little frightening) cast of extras, who produce cheap internationally tradable goods (Chapter 23) and are potential migrants to richer countries (Chapter 19). Yet, developing countries account for over 80% of the world’s population, and experience levels of absolute poverty—and often of inequality too—much greater than those found in developed countries. This chapter summarizes the recent evidence on global poverty and inequality, including both developed and developing countries. It draws on two main compilations of distributional data created at the World Bank, both of which are built up from country-specific nationally representative household surveys, generally fielded by national statistical offices. First is the PovcalNet data set, which comprises some 560 surveys for 100 low and middle-income countries, representing some 93% of the developing world’s population. 2 Where necessary, the PovcalNet data set is complemented with information from the World Development Report 2006 household survey database, which has a somewhat broader geographical coverage (including many developed countries), but a more limited time-span. In the first part of the chapter we discuss our poverty and inequality data and present evidence on levels and recent trends in poverty and inequality around the world. Global and 1 Development Research Group, World Bank. We are grateful to the editors (Brian Nolan, Wiemer Salverda and Tim Smeeding) and to Branko Milanovic, Berk Ozler, and participants in a symposium at the Russell-Sage Foundation in New York City for helpful comments on an earlier version. Thanks are also due to Francois Bourguignon, Shaohua Chen and Branko Milanovic for kindly allowing us to draw on earlier work that we (either one or both of us) co-authored with them in the past, as well as to Phillippe Leite and Prem Sangraula for able assistance and very useful suggestions. However, we alone are responsible for any errors. Furthermore, the opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and should not be attributed to The World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. 2 See http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp .
Exposure to Weight-Stigmatizing Media: Effects on Exercise Intentions, Motivation, and Behavior

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure to weight-stigmatizing media on exercise intentions, motivation, and behavior, as well as to examine the interaction between this exposure and past experiences with weight stigma. A community sample of 72 women were randomly assigned to view a brief weight-stigmatizing or neutral video. Participants' choice of taking the stairs versus the elevator was observed before they completed measures of exercise intentions, motivation, and behavior; psychological well-being; and experiences with weight stigma. A follow-up survey was sent to participants 1 week later that assessed exercise behavior and intentions. Frequency of past weight stigma correlated with worse psychological well-being and more controlled (versus autonomous) exercise motivation. Significant interactions were found between past weight-stigmatizing experiences and exposure to the weight-stigmatizing video for outcomes of exercise intentions, behavior, and drive for thinness. Participants in the stigma condition with higher frequency of past experiences reported greater exercise intentions and behavior, along with higher drive for thinness. Past experiences of weight stigma interact with exposure to weight-stigmatizing media to increase exercise intentions and behavior, although this effect is accompanied by a heightened drive for thinness that may increase risk for long-term negative health consequences.