cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bubble Formation Modeling in Matrix-Assisted Pulsed-Laser Evaporation Direct Write

Matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW) is emerging as a promising direct-write technology for printing microelectronics as well as biological constructs. To widely employ this technology, understanding of its physical mechanism is of need. In this study, the bubble formation process in MAPLE DW of glycerol-water coating is modeled based on the nucleation-based phase explosion theory. Based on the proposed model, the bubble diameter after expansion and cooling and bubble pressure can be predicted. Although the prediction overall overestimates the bubble diameter during the MAPLE DW experiments, the proposed model is considered satisfactory in reasonably predicting the bubble diameter as a first step endeavor for this complex process. It is expected that the introduction of more accurate models for energy loss should further help improve the model prediction accuracy.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Radio Frequency Identification: A Panacea for Governments?

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been used to improve business supply chain management for over 35 years. As often happens, private sector technology migrates to the public sector where it is adapted for use. RFID use in governments is spreading far and wide at the federal and state levels with virtually no debate or performance analyses to inform adoption decisions. Implementation of RFID technology impacts government efficiency and effectiveness in many areas. Data show that most RFID applications promise enhanced effectiveness but also pose increased costs. A model is constructed to assist state and local managers in choosing to adopt RFID and to discern the status and impacts of this bold new innovation.
Mapping Insect-Induced Pine Mortality in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky Using Landsat TM and ETM+ Data

A decision tree classifier was used to create a three-species conifer map of the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky using Landsat TM images and ancillary data. The resulting map had an overall classification accuracy of approximately 82%. In the second part of the study, Landsat TM and ETM+ images acquired in 1995 and 2002, respectively, were used to evaluate five change-detection techniques for mapping conifer damage caused by southern pine beetle (SPB). PCA and SARVI2 change-detection techniques resulted in the highest classification accuracies. Over 60% of the conifer species were killed as a result of SPB infestation.
Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) Directs Prostaglandin E2-mediated Fibroblast Responses via Regulation of E Prostanoid 2 Receptor Expression

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an arachidonic acid metabolite that counters transforming growth factor-β-induced fibroblast activation via E prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor binding. Phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a lipid phosphatase that, by antagonizing the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, also inhibits fibroblast activation. Here, we show that PTEN directly regulates PGE2 inhibition of fibroblast activation by augmenting EP2 receptor expression. The increase in collagen production and α-smooth muscle actin expression observed in fibroblasts in which PTEN is deficient was resistant to the usual suppressive effects of PGE2. This was due to marked down-regulation of EP2, a Gs protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the inhibitory actions of this prostanoid via cAMP. pten−/− or PTEN-inhibited fibroblasts in which the PI3K pathway was blocked demonstrated a restoration of EP2 receptor expression, due to augmented gene transcription and mRNA instability. Importantly, restoration of the balance between PI3K and PTEN reestablished the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on fibroblast activation. No such influence of PTEN was observed on alternative E prostanoid GPCRs. Moreover, our studies identified a positive feedback loop in which cAMP signaling enhanced EP2 receptor expression, independent of PTEN. Therefore, our findings indicate that PTEN regulates the antifibrotic effects of PGE2 by a specific and permissive effect on EP2 receptor expression. Further, our data imply that cAMP signaling circumvents EP2 down-regulation in pten-deficient cells to restore EP2 receptor expression. This is the first description, to our knowledge, of PI3K/PTEN balance directing GPCR expression, and provides a novel mechanism for cellular effects of PTEN.
DNA‐Based Assembly of Gold Nanocrystals

Specific, designed, nonperiodic arrangements of gold nanocrystals that are 5 and 10 nm in diameter can be prepared with double-stranded DNA serving as a template (see drawing; A' and B' denote oligonucleotide sequences complementary to sequences A and B). The methods described should be applicable to nanocrystals composed of various materials.
Tumor suppressor PTEN is a physiologic suppressor of chemoattractant-mediated neutrophil functions

The recruitment and activation of neutrophils at infected tissues is essential for host defense against invading microorganisms. However, excessive neutrophil recruitment or activation can also damage the surrounding tissues and cause unwanted inflammation. Hence, the responsiveness of neutrophils needs to be tightly regulated. In this study, we have investigated the functional role of tumor suppressor PTEN in neutrophils by using a mouse line in which PTEN is disrupted only in myeloid-derived cells. Chemoattractant-stimulated PTEN−/− neutrophils displayed significantly higher Akt phosphorylation and actin polymerization. A larger fraction of these neutrophils displayed membrane ruffles in response to chemoattractant stimulation. In addition, chemoattractant-induced transwell migration and superoxide production were also augmented. Single-cell chemotaxis assays showed that PTEN−/− neutrophils have a small (yet statistically significant) defect in directionality. However, these neutrophils also showed an increase in cell speed. As a result, overall chemotaxis, which depends on speed and directionality, was not affected. Consistent with the increased responsivenessof PTEN−/− neutrophils, the in vivo recruitment of these cells to the inflamed peritoneal cavity was significantly enhanced. Thus, as a physiologic-negative regulator, PTEN should be a promising therapeutic target for modulating neutrophil functions in various infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Metabolic and hormonal responses to low-impact aerobic dance during pregnancy

This study examined the plasma glucose, free fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, triglyceride, cortisol, and insulin responses of pregnant women (22-28 wk) to a 40-min aerobic dance program and 40-min treadmill walking at similar heart rate intensities. The heart rates during exercise averaged 135 +/- 5 bt.min-1 for both trials. Immediate post-exercise plasma glucose levels were lower than resting levels for both exercise trials (P < 0.05), and remained below resting levels 20 min after exercise. Plasma triglycerides and NEFA were increased immediately post-exercise (P < 0.05), and returned toward rest 20 min after exercise. The NEFA responses at the end of the walking trials were significantly greater than at the end of the aerobic dance trials (P < 0.05). For both trials, immediate post-exercise plasma insulin levels were below resting levels (P < 0.05) and remained attenuated 20 min post-exercise. Plasma cortisol concentrations were unchanged throughout the aerobic dance trial. However, a mean increase of 105 nmol.l-1 immediately post-exercise was evident during the walking trials (P < 0.05). The results suggest that 40 min of walking or aerobic dance reduces blood glucose but does not cause hypoglycemia. Further, the results suggest that 40 min of walking or aerobic dance does not expose the mother to serious metabolic consequences that might adversely affect the fetus.
Top Quark Physics Results from D0

We describe recent measurements of the ttbar production cross section and the mass of the top quark from the D0 Collaboration.
Predictors of cerebral infarction in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE Cerebral infarction would be expected to be associated with poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), although there are few data on which to base this assumption. The goals of this study were to determine the impact of cerebral infarction on outcome and to examine predictors of infarction in these patients. METHODS Univariate and multivariable statistical methods were used to examine the impact of cerebral infarction on the Glasgow Outcome Scale score 3 months after SAH among 3567 patients entered into four prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of tirilazad conducted in neurosurgical centers around the world between 1991 and 1997. Patient demographics, clinical variables, radiographic characteristics, and treatment variables associated with cerebral infarction were also determined by the same methods. RESULTS Seven hundred and seven (26%) out of 2741 patients with complete data had cerebral infarction on computed tomographic scans 6 weeks after SAH. Multivariable logistic regression showed that cerebral infarction increased the odds of unfavorable outcome by a factor of 5.4 (adjusted odds ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 4.2-6.8; P < 0.0001), which was a higher odds ratio than all other factors associated with outcome. The proportion of explained variance in outcome was also highest for cerebral infarction and accounted for 39% of the explained variance. Multivariable analysis found that cerebral infarction was significantly associated with increasing patient age, worse neurological grade on admission, history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, larger aneurysm, use of prophylactically or therapeutically induced hypertension, temperature more than 38 degrees C 8 days after SAH, and symptomatic vasospasm. CONCLUSION Cerebral infarction was strongly associated with poor outcome after aneurysmal SAH. The most important potentially treatable factor associated with infarction was symptomatic vasospasm.
Clearville Siltstone of Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation in Parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia: ABSTRACT

The Clearville siltstone of the Middle Devonian Mahantango Formation is an eastward-thickening and coarsening detrital clastic wedge which crops out in the Valley and Ridge province of south-central Pennsylvania, western Maryland, eastern West Virginia, and northwestern Virginia. Its west limit defines the west limit of the Mahantango Formation and can be traced in the subsurface of Cambria and Somerset Counties in Pennsylvania and in outcrop in Hardy and Mineral Counties in West Virginia. The Clearville siltstone in the western half of its surface occurrence consists predominantly of a sequence of interbedded siltstone and mudstone which is usually directly overlain by the Pokejoy Member of the Mahantango Formation, which exists as either a calcareous, fossiliferous siltstone or an argillaceous, fossiliferous limestone. To the east, the Clearville siltstone changes to a more complex sequence of several upward-coarsening cycles, the first of which is directly overlain by a "Spirifer" tullius zone that correlates with the Pokejoy Member to the west. The upward-coarsening cycles are interpreted as delta cycles, grading from prodelta mudstones and claystones near the base to medium to very thick-bedded delta front sandstones near the top of the cycles. The Pokejoy Member probably originated as an indirect result of either delta lobe abandonment or a eustatic sea-level rise following the first major phase of sedimentation of the Clearville siltstone. The sedimentation pattern of the Clearville siltstone is marked by two lobate regions of thickening: a more northern region long referred to as the Fulton lobe, and a more southern region referred to as the Frederick lobe. In both lobes, primary sedimentation appears to have been the result of westwardly flowing turbidity currents on a gently sloping shelf with later resedimentation and physical reworking from a combination of sublittoral processes such as tidal and storm surge currents. This physical reworking, as well as biogenic reworking, is particularly evident in the Fulton lobe, where two distinct sheet sandstone facies are recognized. This and other facies comparisons suggest lower rates of sedimentation in perhaps shallower water for the Fulton lobe than the Frederick lobe du ing Clearville deposition. Although very low porosity values are characteristic of the Clearville End_Page 1169------------------------------ clastics, fracture porosity and thick delta front sandstone development combine in the more eastern outcrop belts to increase the potential for a hydrocarbon reservoir in the Clearville siltstone. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1170------------
Extracellular Calcium Regulates HeLa Cell Morphology during Adhesion to Gelatin: Role of Translocation and Phosphorylation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2

Attachment of HeLa cells to gelatin induces the release of arachidonic acid (AA), which is essential for cell spreading. HeLa cells spreading in the presence of extracellular Ca2+released more AA a...
SEMIFIELDS ARISING FROM IRREDUCIBLE SEMILINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS

A construction of finite semifield planes of order n using irreducible semilinear transformations on a finite vector space of size n is shown to produce fewer than √ n log2 n different nondesarguesian planes. 2000 Mathematics subject classification: primary 51E15; secondary 15A04, 17A35.
Synthesis of hemopexin and cysteine protease inhibitor is coordinately regulated by HSF-II and interferon-β2 in rat hepatoma cells

Abstract Rat hepatoma (H-35) cells respond to hepatocyte-stimulating factors by increased expression of major acute phase plasma proteins. The synthesis of hemopexin is stimulated 10-fold by either hepatocyte-stimulating factor-II of human squamous carcinoma cells or hepatocyte-stimulating factor/interferon-β2 of activated human blood monocytes. The hormone specificity, time course and dose-dependence of hemopexin regulation is closely correlated with that of cysteine protease inhibitor. The coordinate expression of hemopexin and other type II acute phase proteins suggests the existence of common molecular regulatory mechanisms.
Introduction to Cybercrime in the Digital Economy Minitrack

The advent of the Internet and the diffusion of computer technologies worldwide have resulted in an unprecedented global expansion of computer-based criminal activity. The very nature of these attacks is also shifting from traditional cyber crime involving lone hackers targeting monolithic entities to involvement of organized crime groups. In the past hackers may have attacked for fun, notoriety, or to challenge themselves, while financial motivations are major consideration nowadays. Computer criminals have begun deploying advanced distributed techniques, which are increasingly effective and devastating. The aim of this mini-track is to encourage research that provides insights into the issue of cyber crime in the digital economy. The six papers included in this mini-track reflect this goal.
Nonlinear perturbations of quasi-linear control systems

Abstract Several sufficient conditions are developed for controllability of the perturbed quasi-linear system x = A(t, x, u)x + B(t, x, u)u + f(t, x, u) . In particular, these reduce to conditions on the perturbation function f which guarantee that if the linear system x = A(t)x + B(t)u is controllable, then the system x = A(t)x + B(t)u + f(t, x, u) is controllable. These conditions are growth conditions in (x, u) and are obtained by solving a system of nonlinear integral equations.
Evaluation of a trickling biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system containing channel catfish

Abstract Six 1060 liter recirculating culture systems were tested, differing only in the quantity of filter medium and the recirculating flow rate. After a preliminary loading trial to determine approximate carrying capacities, 45·4 kg of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus averaging 35·6 cm were stocked in each system. After 15 weeks, final loadings ranged from 67 to 85 g liter −1 system capacities (85–109 g liter −1 culture tank densities). Water quality was good to excellent when the packed towers contained the medium. Dissolved oxygen was probably the most limiting factor of total production. However, the rate of production was influenced by the combined effect of concentrations of dissolved oxygen, NH 3 N and/or NO 2 − N otherwise considered safe.
A magnetic refrigerator employing superconducting solenoids

IN the past few years, much progress has been made in the development of superconducting solenoid magnets capable of producing moderately high fields with negligible heat dissipation. ~ Among the many possible applications for such magnets, one of the most promising would be the production of the magnetic fields required for the operation of a cyclic magnetic refrigerator. 2 Accordingly, we undertook to design and build a refrigerator employing independent superconducting solenoids to be placed around the working salt and the thermal valves and to be located within the liquid helium inside the cryostat. With such an arrangement, a magnetic refrigerator becomes a compact self-contained unit, completely free from position requirements within the laboratory. When fitted with iron cases, the solenoids are capable of producing confined uniform fields over a large volume and thus allow the use of a large quantity of paramagnetic salt. Of course, the divorcement of the refrigerator from large external magnets greatly reduces the costs of construction and operation and allows great flexibility in cryostat design.
Nuclear receptor involvement in the regulation of rat cytochrome P450 3A23 expression.

Many genes of the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) subfamily, including several human and rat isoforms, are inducible by glucocorticoids. In the ratCYP3A23 gene, a 110-base pair segment of the proximal 5′-flanking region mediates dexamethasone activation. Three binding sites (DexRE-1, DexRE-2, and Site A), identified by DNase I footprinting analysis, were characterized for their relative contribution to both basal activity and dexamethasone inducibility. Site-directed mutagenesis of DexRE-1 (−144 to −169) and DexRE-2 (−118 to −136) demonstrated that each contained a core imperfect AGGTCA direct repeat, which comprised a consensus nuclear receptor binding site, and was essential for dexamethasone responsiveness but was not required for basal activity. Competition gel shift and supershift analyses revealed that both sites can bind the orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor. Site A (−85 to −110) was shown to be important for both basal activity and dexamethasone responsiveness. Point mutants displayed a reduced (2–3-fold) induction response, compared with 15-fold for wild-type, which was accompanied by a 40–60% drop in basal activity. Site A was shown to bind the liver-enriched nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4. Our studies demonstrate that the mechanism mediating glucocorticoid-inducible transcriptional activity ofCYP3A23 involves multiple binding sites for members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
Effect of Bile Salts on Partitioning and Oral Toxicity of the Bisquaternary Ammonium Drug Decamethonium Bromide

The bisquaternary ammonium drug decamethonium bromide was studied in bile salt solutions in regard to partitioning in vitro and lethality when absorbed from duodenal and ileal segments of rats. Sodium glycocholate, when present below or above its cmC, had little effect on the partitioning of decamethonium from a phosphate buffer into n-octanol. In vivo, no significant change in lethality (absorption) could be attributed to either the absence of endogenous bile (ligated bile duct) or the presence of normal amounts of bile (unligated bile duct). Bile salts do not appear to alter lethality (absorption) of this bisquaternary drug when given to rats via the enteral route.
Epidemiology of Allergy

Atopic disease represents a spectrum of disorders characterized by abnormal sensitivity mediated by IgE; approximately 20% of Americans suffer from some form of allergic disease. The sequelae of inhalant and food allergies may present in many organ systems. Manifestations of allergic disease in one site are often associated with symptoms from another site. It is important for clinicians to understand the epidemiology of atopic disease and its causes to facilitate implementation of effective treatment and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the epidemiology of inhalant allergies causing allergic rhinitis and asthma and on IgE-mediated food allergies.
In Vitro Elution Characteristics of Vancomycin in a Composite Calcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulfate Bone Substitute

Background Periprosthetic joint infection is a particularly difficult orthopedic problem, complicating a growing number of revision procedures. Joint debridement and systemic antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, yet difficulty remains in maintaining a minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic at the localized site of infection.
A model study of sequential enzyme reactions and electrostatic channeling

We study models of two sequential enzyme-catalyzed reactions as a basic functional building block for coupled biochemical networks. We investigate the influence of enzyme distributions and long-range molecular interactions on reaction kinetics, which have been exploited in biological systems to maximize metabolic efficiency and signaling effects. Specifically, we examine how the maximal rate of product generation in a series of sequential reactions is dependent on the enzyme distribution and the electrostatic composition of its participant enzymes and substrates. We find that close proximity between enzymes does not guarantee optimal reaction rates, as the benefit of decreasing enzyme separation is countered by the volume excluded by adjacent enzymes. We further quantify the extent to which the electrostatic potential increases the efficiency of transferring substrate between enzymes, which supports the existence of electrostatic channeling in nature. Here, a major finding is that the role of attractive electrostatic interactions in confining intermediate substrates in the vicinity of the enzymes can contribute more to net reactive throughput than the directional properties of the electrostatic fields. These findings shed light on the interplay of long-range interactions and enzyme distributions in coupled enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and their influence on signaling in biological systems.
Octopamine-Mediated Neuromodulation of Insect Senses

Octopamine functions as a neuromodulator, neurotransmitter, and neurohormone in insect nervous systems. Octopamine has a prominent role in influencing multiple physiological events: (a) as a neuromodulator, it regulates desensitization of sensory inputs, arousal, initiation, and maintenance of various rhythmic behaviors and complex behaviors such as learning and memory; (b) as a neurotransmitter, it regulates endocrine gland activity; and (c) as a neurohormone, it induces mobilization of lipids and carbohydrates. Octopamine exerts its effects by binding to specific proteins that belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and share the structural motif of seven transmembrane domains. The activation of octopamine receptors is coupled with different second messenger pathways depending on species, tissue source, receptor type and cell line used for the expression of cloned receptor. The second messengers include adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), calcium, diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). The cAMP activates protein kinase A, calcium and DAG activate protein kinase C, and IP3 mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores. Octopamine-mediated generation of these second messengers is associated with changes in cellular response affecting insect behaviors. The main objective of this review is to discuss significance of octopamine-mediated neuromodulation in insect sensory systems.
Postexposure rabies prophylaxis in an urban emergency department

Abstract The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify those patients presenting to an urban emergency department with animal-related wounds, define source animal demographics, and assess adequacy of wound care, rabies immunoprophylaxis, and follow-up. Sixty-three patients comprised the study population; dogs (76%) and cats (16%) were the principal source animals. Postexposure rabies prophylaxis was indicated in ten patients (16%) due to wounds inflicted by stray dogs and cats. Animal behavior and vaccination history were inconsistently addressed, but were documented significantly more often in patients who received prophylaxis. Inclusion of soap in wound care was not significantly more common in the treated group. Human rabies immune globulin was administered incorrectly at least one-third of the time. Appropriate follow-up was arranged in only 31% of cases; this occurred significantly more offen with treated patients. An awareness of both regional epidemiological trends in animal rabies and local health department treatment recommendations will encourage optimal delivery of postexposure treatment in cases of potential rabies exposure.
Splitting of the phonon spectrum in 3 He- 4 He solutions

The dynamic structure function for 4 He- 4 He density correlationsS44(k, ω) is calculated as a function of the wave vectork and frequency ω for a simple model of a 3 He- 4 He solution at various temperatures and small 3 He molar concentrationx. The inputs to the model include the measured 4 He phonon spectrum and the zero-concentration 3 He quasiparticle energy (above thek=0 value), which is taken to be quadratic ink and to intersect the phonon spectrum atk c near the roton minimum. Taking into account the decay of a phonon into a quasiparticle-hole pair, which is effected in the model by a quantum hydrodynamic interaction, we find that the phonon spectrum is split into two distinct branches. Atk c the splitting of the phonon branches depends on a coupling constant γ and the crossover parameter e(k c )/k c . If in 3 He- 4 He solutions γ is large enough and e(k c )/k c is small enough, then the phonon spectrum is split into two branches.
Wresting the Scriptures unto Destruction: Biblical Use and Misuse in the Celestina

In De Doctrina Christiana Saint Augustine dedicates a significant amount of space to specifying how to resolve ambiguity and confusion in scriptural texts. In fact, his stated purpose in Book III i...
Selenium in Organic Synthesis

The introduction, manipulation, and ultimate removal of selenium-containing functional groups allow a variety of synthetically useful processes to be accomplished in high overall yields under mild conditions. In particular, transformations such as allylic oxidations, nucleophile-induced cleavage reactions, regiospecific alkylations, and olefin cofunctionalizations can be readily achieved by taking advantage of selenium's unique properties.
In vivo lactate signal enhancement using binomial spectral-selective pulses in selective MQ coherence (SS-SelMQC) spectroscopy†

Tumor vasculature and tissue oxygen pressure can influence tumor growth, metastases, and patient survival. Elevated levels of lactate may be observed during the process of aggressive tumor development accompanied by angiogenesis (the evolution of the microenvironment). The noninvasive MR detection of lactate in tumor tissues as a potential biomarker is difficult due to the presence of co-resonating lipids that are present at high concentrations. Methods were previously reported for lactate editing using the SELective Multiple Quantum Coherence (SelMQC) method. Here we report a sequence “SS-SelMQC,” Spectral-Selective SelMQC, which is a modified version of SelMQC using binomial pulses. Binomial pulses were employed in this editing sequence for frequency excitation or inversion of selective lactate resonances. Lactate detection has been demonstrated using SS-SelMQC, both in vitro (30 mM lactate/H2O doped with 25 μM Gd-DTPA) and in vivo (Dunning R3337-AT prostate tumors), and compared to similar measurements made with SelMQC. Lactate areas were measured from nonlocalized spectra, one-dimensional (1D) localized spectra, and two-dimensional chemical shift images (CSI) of the localized slice. In data from whole phantoms, the modified pulse sequence yielded enhancement of the lactate signal of 2.4 ± 0.40 times compared to SelMQC. Similar in vivo lactate signal enhancement of 2.3 ± 0.24 times was observed in 1D slice-localized experiment. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enthymeme: The rhetorical species of Aristotle's syllogism

The historical controversy generated by logicians and rhetoricians over the definition of the “enthymeme” appears to derive from a confusion of causality and persuasion. The Aristotelian corpus and various interpretive commentaries suggest that enthymematic definition is properly understood in terms of the genus‐species relationship in terms of formal and material causality. Hence for Aristotle the enthymeme is best understood as a speaker's syllogistic method, not as a listener's syllogistic response.
Achievement of sustainable aquaculture through environmental management

Abstract The global catch fishery has been exploited to its limit, and aquaculture is the only hope for meeting the world demand for fishery products. Aquaculture has grown rapidly in recent years and has promise for continued growth. However, to fulfil its potential role in the world food supply, the aquaculture industry must counter criticisms about adverse environmental effects and lack of sustainability. Many of the criticisms are unfounded or embellished, but some are based on observed impacts of specific aquaculture operations, and better environmental management is needed in aquaculture. Governments are the only entities with the authority to regulate aquaculture, but in many countries regulations are either lacking or unenforced. The aquaculture industry should be proactive and work towards developing and implementing systems of environmental management based on best management practices (BMPs) for preventing or mitigating adverse environmental impacts. This effort will prevent the criticisms from...
Effect of inelasticity in charge symmetry breaking neutron-proton scattering

We study the effect of the inelasticity in the charge symmetric amplitudes on calculations of the charge symmetry breaking spin observable {Delta}{ital A}={ital A}{sub {ital n}}{minus}{ital A}{sub {ital p}} in {ital np} scattering. The effect is significant ({approx gt}10%) above the {Delta} excitation threshold, but is vanishingly small below.
The evolution of collaborative management in the Northeast USA tilefish fishery

Abstract This paper explores the evolution of collaborative management in the Northeast, US Tilefish fishery. Through proactive participation in the fisheries management process along with their own internal agreements, the Montauk Tilefish Association members have stopped racing to fish and have become resource managers themselves. This paper explores how social networks and trust has helped this group create a management regime that reduces the race to fish, improves safety at sea and provides a more stable and fresh supply of fish to the market. It also examines the role of the council process and policies in the evolution of this collaborative management regime.
Involuntary Patient Flow A Computer Simulation of a Psychiatric Ward

A computer program was written which modeled the stages through which involuntarily admitted psychiatric patients passed following commitment. Using empirically derived base rates the program was run to determine the impact on a psychiatric ward of (a) different proportions of voluntary and involuntary admissions to the ward and (b) different rates of noncommitments resulting from the court commitment hearing, on (1) average length of stay on the ward, (2) proportion of ward bed utilization and (3) average numbers of patients on the ward in different status categories. Results show that none of these indices are substantially affected by normal variations in the input rates. The utility of computer simulation for local agency evaluation is examined. Although a small number of simulation studies will probably continue to be done at local levels by interested investigators, the major use is more likely to be at state and federal levels where resources exist to develop projects of scope and complexity approp...
The Distribution of Acidic and Neutral Peptidases in Barley and Wheat Kernels

The activity of barley and wheat peptidases which hydrolyze alpha-N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitronnilide (BAPA) and alpha-N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) has been measured in proximal and distal portions of ungerminated grain and in these tissues during 6 and 7 day incubations. The proximal portion of ungerminated barleys contained the major part of both the acidic (BAPA-ase and acidic BAEE-ase) and neutral (neutral BAEE-ase) peptidases. In ungcrminated wheat these acidic and neutral peptidases were nearly evenly distributed between the proximal and dislal portions. Commercial wheat embryo was very high in acidic peptidase but contained no neutral peptidase. During the germination of both wheat and barleys, acidic and neutral peptidase activity in the seedlings increased with time. No such consistent increase was observed for aleurone and starchy endosperm tissue for any of these grains. Aleurone and starchy endosperm tissue incubated in the absence of the proximal portion of the kernel showed reduced peptidase activities.
An operating philosophy for the US Antarctic program

Abstract In the early days of Antarctica's exploration, there was scant consideration among expeditioners of human impact on its environment. Today, several national programmes of research in Antarctica have become regular undertakings. The time of the antarctic explorer and adventurer, where rules and sanctions were scant, is past. With their on-site laboratories; arrangements for accommodation; fleets of aircraft, ships, and land vehicles; and requirements for materials influx and removal, these programmes possess the characteristics of ‘big science’. As such they cannot, and do not, conduct their business as in the past. They require an overarching philosophy to guarantee compatibility with Antarctica's unique environment so as to ensure its value to future scientific investigation.
Low-temperature creep of alpha iron

Abstract The low-temperature creep characteristics of α iron were studied. The activation energy and activation volume were measured directly by differential temperature, strain rate, and stress techniques. The activation energy and volume were independent of temperature in the range 123–253°K, at a constant effective stress. The activation energy and volume were found to be a function of effective stress, but independent of grain size and interstitial impurity content. The activation volume is independent of strain rate in the range 10−5−1/min. The activation volume was a function of strain, at 303°K it increases with increasing strain and then remains constant, at 194°K it is independent of strain, and at 77°K it decreases with increasing strain. The experimental results were examined in terms of three proposed rate controlling mechanisms, and problems exist in analyzing the results in terms of all three mechanisms.
‘The knife in the hands of the children’? Debating the political mass strike and political citizenship in Imperial Germany

German trade union leader Ludwig Rexhauser compared workers who might use the political mass strike to children one could not trust with a knife. No other worker leader so openly disparaged the masses, and some embraced worker activism. Nonetheless, pre-1914 German Social Democrats, in debating the mass strike, differed sharply over whether and which workers could be trusted with political agency, how workers could attain political maturity, and what tactics citizens might or should legitimately use. The contested nature of political citizenship within Germany's most democratic movement illuminates just how complex democracy and democratization have proven in practice.
Chapter 5: Enhanced Sampling of Bat Assemblages: A Field Test on Mount Banahaw, Luzon

Abstract We used a combination of capture methods—harp traps, a tunnel trap, and mist nets—to sample the bat assemblage at two locations (disturbed lowland forest at 620 m and old-growth montane forest at 1450 m) on Mount Banahaw, Luzon Island, Philippines. We placed harp traps and mist nets on ridges and across trails and streams in ravines. The tunnel trap was placed over streams. Over 13 nights, we captured 300 individuals representing 23 species, including two possibly undescribed rhinolophid species. Seventy percent of all mist net captures were frugivores (family Pteropodidae), 95% of harp trap captures were members of the narrow-space insectivore ensemble (the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae and the vespertilionid Kerivoula whiteheadi), and 89% of all bats captured in the tunnel trap were edge-and-gap insectivores, comprising vespertilionids, excluding the subfamily Kerivoulinae. In the lowland forest location, harp traps set along a ridge captured 10 times as many bats as an equal number...
Application of mitomycin-c for head and neck keloids

Keloids of the head and neck are a relatively common entity in darker-skinned races, occurring in 5%-15% of skin wounds. Keloids are fibrotic lesions that are a result of an abnormal wound-healing process that lacks control of the mechanisms that regulate tissue repair and regeneration. The proliferation of normal tissue-healing processes results in scarring that enlarges well beyond the original wound margins. Many treatment modalities for keloids have been tried with variable amounts of success. Surgical excision, compressive therapy, silicon dressings, corticosteroid injections, radiation, cryotherapy, interferon therapy, and laser therapy have all been used alone or in combination. Despite this wide range of available treatments, recurrence rates typically remain in the 50%-70% range. In this study, we present our results in a series of 10 patients who were treated with surgical excision of head and neck keloids and the application of topical mitomycin-C. Mitomycin-C is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis and fibroblast proliferation. It has been used in ophthalmologic procedures and airway surgery to decrease scar formation. In these 10 patients, we combined surgical excision of keloids with the application of topical mitomycin-C. The patients were then followed postoperatively for recurrence (range, 7-14 months). We have found topical application of mitomycin-C to be an effective therapy for prevention of keloid recurrence in the head and neck, with a success rate of 90% as reported in this series.
TRPV1 Pain Receptors Regulate Longevity and Metabolism by Neuropeptide Signaling

The sensation of pain is associated with increased mortality, but it is unknown whether pain perception can directly affect aging. We find that mice lacking TRPV1 pain receptors are long-lived, displaying a youthful metabolic profile at old age. Loss of TRPV1 inactivates a calcium-signaling cascade that ends in the nuclear exclusion of the CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator CRTC1 within pain sensory neurons originating from the spinal cord. In long-lived TRPV1 knockout mice, CRTC1 nuclear exclusion decreases production of the neuropeptide CGRP from sensory endings innervating the pancreatic islets, subsequently promoting insulin secretion and metabolic health. In contrast, CGRP homeostasis is disrupted with age in wild-type mice, resulting in metabolic decline. We show that pharmacologic inactivation of CGRP receptors in old wild-type animals can restore metabolic health. These data suggest that ablation of select pain sensory receptors or the inhibition of CGRP are associated with increased metabolic health and control longevity.
A sensitive method for the determination of carbonyl compounds

2,4,6-Trichlorophenylhydrazine was tested as a reagent for carbonyl compounds. As little as 0.1 of the 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazones (2,4,6-TCPH) could be measured with an electron capture detector, so this reagent should be useful in measuring the carbonyl compounds in oxidized fats at levels near their flavor thresholds. Mixtures of 2,4,6-TCPHs were separated by thin layer chromatography. Alkan-2-one-2,4,6-TCPHs were separated from aldehyde-2,4,6-TCPHs on alumina plates. The alkanal, alk-2-enal and alk-2,4-dienal-2,4,6-TCPHs were separated from each other either on silica gel plates or silica gel-silver ion plates. The derivatives within each carbonyl class were separated by chain length on chromatography media impregnated with phenoxyethanol. The 2,4,6-TCPHs eluted from thin layer plates were determined with an electron capture detector after gas chromatography on a 30 cm column of freeze-dried detergent base coated with a silicone oil.
Nonlinear three-dimensional analysis of prebuckled domes

Abstract A method of nonlinear analysis for a special type of self-erecting dome (the prebuckled dome) made by elastically buckling an array of wide, shallow members into a radial pattern of intersecting prestressed arches is presented. The nonlinear three-dimensional analysis of the prebuckled dome is conducted by uncoupling the dome into individual prebuckled arches. The individual arches are studied by formulating the problem as a two-point nonlinear boundary value problem. The system of arches is then reassembled to form the skeleton of the prebuckled dome by enforcing equilibrium and compatibility at the crown of the dome.
Vibration of a Rigid Body Suspended by Taut Strings

A solid body is suspended by equally spaced taut strings. The characteristic equations for small vibrations of the system are formulated exactly. Depending on the mass and moment of inertia parameters of the body, the fundamental frequency may be governed by either the symmetric mode or the antisymmetric mode.
The Effect of Protein and Fat Levels and Calorie to Protein Ratio upon Performance of Broilers

ABSTRACT FOLLOWING the publication by Fraps (1946) of productive energy values for poultry feedstuffs, considerable interest developed in the energy content of poultry rations. With the recent availability and use of fats, permitting still higher energy levels, much variation in the energy content of broiler rations has developed. This has led to the current interest in the ratio or balance between energy and protein in poultry feeds. It was first demonstrated by Scott et al. (1947) and later substantiated by others, that rations high in energy content promoted more rapid growth than rations of low energy content. Hill and Dansky (1950) found that growth was reduced when a high energy, low protein, ration was fed. However, when the energy was reduced, growth was normal. These same workers (1954) found a close relationship between protein and energy; feed consumption being determined principally by the energy level of the ration. By studying the . . .
Toward the Identification of Peripheral Epigenetic Biomarkers of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heritable, nonmendelian, neurodevelopmental disorder in which epigenetic dysregulation of the brain genome plays a fundamental role in mediating the clinical manifestations and course of the disease. The authors recently reported that two enzymes that belong to the dynamic DNA methylation/demethylation network-DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) and TET (ten-eleven translocase; 5-hydroxycytosine translocator)-are abnormally increased in corticolimbic structures of SZ postmortem brain, suggesting a causal relationship between clinical manifestations of SZ and changes in DNA methylation and in the expression of SZ candidate genes (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], glucocorticoid receptor [GCR], glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 [GAD67], reelin). Because the clinical manifestations of SZ typically begin with a prodrome followed by a first episode in adolescence with subsequent deterioration, it is obvious that the natural history of this disease cannot be studied only in postmortem brain. Hence, the focus is currently shifting towards the feasibility of studying epigenetic molecular signatures of SZ in blood cells. Initial studies show a significant enrichment of epigenetic changes in lymphocytes in gene networks directly relevant to psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the expression of DNA-methylating/demethylating enzymes and SZ candidate genes such as BDNF and GCR are altered in the same direction in both brain and blood lymphocytes. The coincidence of these changes in lymphocytes and brain supports the hypothesis that common environmental or genetic risk factors are operative in altering the epigenetic components involved in orchestrating transcription of specific genes in brain and peripheral tissues. The identification of DNA methylation signatures for SZ in peripheral blood cells of subjects with genetic and clinical high risk would clearly have potential for the diagnosis of SZ early in its course and would be invaluable for initiating early intervention and individualized treatment plans.
ED: pulsed electrophoresis instrument

Addressing the problems associated with commercial instrumentation for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the authors describe a versatile instrument that you can assemble yourself with considerable cost savings.
Genetic counseling for isolated GnRH deficiency

Abstract As our understanding of the complexities of the various etiologies and complex genetic architecture of GnRH deficiency grows, so too does the need to apply newly-developed genetic tools in a way that: (a) is meaningful to individuals and their families; (b) integrates all of the phenotypic features of this syndrome into a rationale; and (c) provides up-to-date diagnostic technologies in a cost-effective algorithm of genetic testing. Genetic counseling aims to accomplish these goals through ascertainment of detailed family histories, targeted comprehensive phenotypic evaluations, informed selection of genetic testing, interpretation of genetic test results, and the provision of highly specific risk assessments and psychological support to individuals diagnosed with this reproductive condition. This chapter offers a guide to incorporating this rapidly evolving state of knowledge of the pedigree and phenotypes into the process of selecting and prioritizing genetic testing. In addition, the provision of risk assessment that accounts for nuanced genetic concepts such as variable expressivity, incomplete penetrance, and oligogenicity, all of which are emerging features of the genetics of this clinical syndrome, is considered. Beyond translating genetic information, genetic counseling should address the psychological impact of embarrassment, shame, anxiety, and guilt that are often seen among individuals with reproductive disorders.
Life-Test Sampling Plans for Two-Parameter Weibull Populations

In this paper, we give variables sampling plans for items whose failure times are distributed as either extreme-value variates or Weibull variates (the logarithms of which are from an extreme-value distribution). Tables applying to acceptance regions and operating characteristics for sample size n, ranging from 3 to 18, are given. The tables allow for Type II censoring, with censoring number r ranging from 3 to n. In order to fix the maximum time on test, the sampling plan also allows for Type I censoring. Acceptance/rejection is based upon a statistic incorporating best linear invariant estimates, or, alternatively, maximum likelihood estimates of the location and scale parameters of the underlying extreme value distribution. The operating characteristics are computed using an approximation discussed by Fertig and Mann (1980).