cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training in Consultation

This paper has pointed out some important goals, techniques, and dilemmas associated with consultation training and it has reviewed some of the relevant literature. A variety of ideas have been presented that should be useful to the trainer devising a workshop, a course, or a series of programmatic training experiences. In addition to describing key goals for training, the training techniques included readings, writing projects, and other didactic exercises, as well as modeling, role-playing with feedback, andin vivo practice with feedback. However, it should be noted that one important issue that has been ignored in the literature on consultation training is theconsultee (Meyers, Note 2). Effective consultation would be more likely if consultees receiving training regarding the knowledge base of consultation and the skills necessary to be an effective consultee.
Importance of quinolizidine alkaloids in the relationship between larvae ofUresiphita reversalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and a host plant,Genista monspessulana

Larvae ofUresiphita reversalis feed almost exclusively on legumes in the tribe Genisteae, which characteristically contain a variety of quinolizidine alkaloids. The larvae are aposematic, and onGenista monspessulana, a major host in California, they feed on the youngest leaves, at the periphery of the plant. These leaves, which were preferred over older foliage in choice tests, contained four to five times the level of alkaloid found in older leaves. The major alkaloids detected in these plants were dehydroaphylline andN-methylcytisine, together accounting for 74% of the total. Preliminary analyses showed the alkaloid profile of exuviae from larvae feeding on these plants was very similar to that of the plants. Two alkaloids, sparteine and cytisine, which are known components of some hosts ofU. reversalis, were phagostimulants for fifth-instar larvae when added to sucrose-impregnated glass-fiber disks. In addition, when sparteine was added to foliage ofG. monspessulana, effectively doubling the percent dry weight of alkaloid, the growth rate of late-instar larvae was positively affected. Cytisine added to plants had no discernible effect on growth of larvae. Alkaloid levels in larvae and in their frass were proportional to levels in the plants on which they fed. Although the majority of alkaloid was excreted, that which was sequestered by the insect was found entirely in the integument, possibly confering some protection from predators.
STUDIES UPON THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON BLOOD AND TISSUE CELLS : I. THE ACTION OF LIGHT ON WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN VITRO.

1. An extreme and rapid degeneration which occurred in tissue cultures of leucocytes from the blood of cats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, is described in detail. 2. This degeneration was found to appear in the culture when the cells were planted in any of the culture media tried, some of which were autogenous heparin plasma, autogenous plasma, autogenous serum, Tyrode solution, and mixtures of these with embryo juice. 3. The specific cellular changes which occurred are described for the different leucocytes. In general, there was first a latent period during which no change could be observed in the cell. Following this there was a period of stimulation during which the motion of the cell was greatly accelerated. This second stage has been observed in all cells except the lymphocyte, in which it may possibly occur to a slight degree. Finally there was the terminal stage, the stage of degeneration, in which the cell rounded up, lost its motility, and either became badly swollen or else underwent a more or less complete coagulation. 4. The factor causing this degeneration was found to be exposure of the culture to light, as, for example, during microscopic examination. 5. By a reduction of the infrared part of the spectrum, it was indicated that the effect was not due to a heat coagulation of the cells. 6. This degeneration was also found to occur in the complete absence of ultra-violet wave-lengths. 7. Further, it was shown that this degeneration was caused by light which lay within each of the three wave-length zones (1) 430µµ to 550µµ; infra-red; (2) 475µµ to 630µµ; 690µµ to infra-red; (3) 600µµ to infra-red. 8. No indication was given as to whether all regions of these zones were active in causing the degeneration, or whether the active rays are limited to certain wave-length bands lying within these zones. 9. This degeneration of the leucocytes under the action of light was also found to occur upon irradiation of hanging drops of whole blood. This is interpreted as showing conclusively that the degeneration was not dependent upon the additional factors of centrifugation, continued lowering of temperature, or the presence of abnormal saline solution. 10. It was noted, however, that the leucocytes in hanging drop cultures required a markedly longer time for their degeneration under the action of light than did the leucocytes in cultures prepared from the buffy coat and inoculated in serum. This is considered as possibly due, either to injury to the cell during centrifugation and subsequent handling, or to some action of the red blood cells present in large amounts in the hanging drops of whole blood. 11. In these hanging drop cultures of whole blood degeneration of the leucocytes was also found to occur when the light reaching the culture was first freed from the larger part of its infra-red and from all of its ultra-violet. 12. It was also shown that the same degeneration was produced by wave-lengths of light lying within each of the three wave-length zones defined in Section 6 of this summary.
Proton probe analysis of an irghizite and a high-magnesium Java tektite

Abstract A collimated proton microprobe facility with an external beam is being developed, using the 2-MeV Van de Graaff accelerator at the University of Delaware. X-ray spectra from proton bombardment of geological samples in an air or helium atmosphere are analyzed to yield elemental compositions. The chief advantages of this method are its nondestructive nature, multielement simultaneous analysis, and superior sensitivity for trace elements compared with the electron microprobe. In order to test this method, two specimens have been analyzed: 1. (1) a SiO 2 -rich irghizite from the Zhamanshin structure, and 2. (2) fragments of high-Mg tektite from Sangiran, Java. Analyses for about twenty elements for both specimens are in satisfactory agreement with previous determinations using other techniques. The proton probe data supports previous data concerning the similarity in composition between the SiO 2 -rich irghizites and the high-Mg Australasian tektites.
A further study of the external validity of business games: five-year peer group indicators

Relatively few studies have attempted to assess the external validity of business games. A S-year longitudinal study examined interpersonal, career-success-related factors not previously considered Within-team peer assessments of various playing/behavioral factors displayed by players were compared to their later career mobility, satisfaction, and salary levels. Significant relationships existed between a player's influence on the team's decision-making process, leadership, esteem and value to the team, and the person's later income levels and salary increases. All interpersonal group factors were significantly related to the person's current position or job title. These results, when combined with the results of an earlier study relating a player's economic performance to career success, led to the conclusion that external validity may exist for business games.
Inadequate Venous Thromboembolism Risk Stratification Predicts Venous Thromboembolic Events in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients

Background Surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients are known to be at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The 2005 Caprini Risk Assessment Model (RAM) predicts VTE risk in surgical patients. However, a physician's ability to accurately complete this RAM and the effect that inaccurate RAM completion might have on VTE risk remain unknown. Study Design Between 2009 and 2012, physicians completed a 2005 Caprini score for all SICU admissions at our institution. For comparison, we used a previously validated, computer-generated score. Regression-based techniques examined the effect of inadequate risk stratification on inpatient VTE risk, when controlling for other confounders. Results Among 3,338 consecutive SICU admissions, 55.2% had computer-generated scores that were higher than the physician-reported score, and 20.6% of scores were equal. Computer-generated scores were higher than physician-reported scores for both median (6 vs 5) and interquartile range (5 to 8 vs 3 to 7). Inter-rater reliability between the 2 scores was poor (kappa = 0.238). Risk score underestimation by ≥2 points was significantly associated with inpatient VTE (7.67% vs 4.59%, p = 0.002). Regression analysis demonstrated that each additional day's delay in chemoprophylaxis (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08, p = 0.011) and under-risk stratification by ≥2 points (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.96, p Conclusions Physicians under-risk stratify SICU patients when using the 2005 Caprini RAM. As hospitals incorporate electronic medical records into daily practice, computer-calculated Caprini scores may result in more accurate VTE risk stratification. Inadequate VTE risk assessment and delay to chemoprophylaxis carry independent and significant increased risk for VTE.
Introducing Baccalaureate Student Nurses to Gerontological Nursing

The faculty at the University of Missouri–Columbia Sinclair School of Nursing (MUSSON) developed and implemented a gerontological nursing care course, with support from the Health Resources and Services Administration, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, and the John A. Hartford Foundation. The course, with both didactic and clinical components, was mandatory for all students in the baccalaureate program. The course drew on two resources unique to the MUSSON: Senior Care, the school's home care agency, and TigerPlace, a retirement community closely linked to the school. Goals of the course were to increase knowledge of gerontology and gerontological nursing and to promote more positive student attitudes toward older adults. Evaluation of six semesters of pretest and posttest data found that knowledge increased although attitudes toward older adults did not become more positive. However, despite the lack of quantifiable improvement in attitudes, some students wrote positive comments on end-of-semester course evaluations about experiences and interactions with older adults during the course.
Microfracturing and faulting in a limestone

Abstract Two fundamentally distinct types of microfractures are present in an experimentally deformed limestone: subaxial microfractures and microfaults. Macroscopic faults are composed of coalesced microfaults and are not related to the subaxial microfractures. A high-temperature mechanical instability occurs at temperatures of 200° C and above when the confining pressure is 600 bars or less.
Interaction of ozone exposure with airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride in sensitized guinea pigs.

Abstract The effect of prior ozone (03) exposure on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation induced by trimellitic anhydride (IMA) has been investigated in TMA-sensitized guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness was measured as the concentration of acetylcholine needed to increase baseline lung resistance (RL) by 300% (PC300). Ozone (3 ppm for 3 h) caused an increase in -log PC300 at 1 h after exposure, with return of-log PC300 to control levels at 8 h. Ozone also increased baseline RL at 8 h. TMA challenge increase -log PC300 in TMA-sensitized guinea pigs at8h after challenge from 3.85 ± 0.09 to 4.11 ± 0.09. Ozone exposure prior to TMA challenge prevented the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness with a mean -log PC300 of 3.51 ± 0.20, which was not different from that of control TMA-sensitized group. Baseline RL was significantly higher in ozone-pretreated animals after TMA challenge when compared to those of either control or challenged with TMA alone. Ozone had no effect on TMA challenge-induced BAL eo...
A two-dimensional inverse eigenvalue problem

The author considers the inverse problem for the two-dimensional Schrodinger equation with Neumann boundary conditions in a circle, namely Del 2 nu n+( mu n-q(r, theta )) nu n=0, r<1, delta nu n/ delta r=0, r=1. He outlines a formal procedure for the reconstruction of q(r, theta ) given ( nu n(1, theta ), mu n)1infinity and that the potential is smooth. Various generalisations are also discussed.
INTROVERSION-EXTRA VERSION, TEMPO, AND GUIDED IMAGERY

This research tested the hypotheses that (a) introverts would produce more vivid imagery than would extraverts, and (b) introverts would produce better mental imagery if the background auditory tempo was slow, and extraverts would produce better mental imagery of the background auditory tempo was fast. Participants (N = 240) were classified as introverts or extraverts and were randomly assigned one of three tempo conditions: slow, fast, or none. They were instructed to form mental images while listening individually to one of two stories Clicks (slow or fast) sounded in the background during the stories. All participants then completed detailed questionnaires about the vividness of their mental imagery. Analysis showed that introverts reported significantly more vividness in their imagery than did extraverts. The hypothesized interaction between personality and tempo was not found. Implications were drawn for therapeutic applications of mental imagery.
The effect of plaque control and root debridement in molar teeth

The healing response of non-molar sites, molar flat surface sites, and molar furcation sites was investigated in 19 adult periodontitis patients following a periodontal therapy of plaque control and root debridement. A total of 2472 sites were monitored by recordings of dental plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and probing attachment levels every 3rd month for 24 months. The results demonstrated that in sites with initial probing depth of 4.0 mm or greater, molar furcation sites responded less favorably to the therapy as compared to molar flat surface sites or non-molar sites. This was demonstrated by higher mean scores for bleeding on probing, less reduction in probing depth, and a mean loss of probing attachment of 0.5 mm over 24 months. Site analyses using linear regression showed a higher % of deeper sites with probing attachment loss for the molar furcations than either molar flat surface or non-molar sites. Among sites initially 7.0 mm or deeper, 21% of molar furcations were identified as showing probing attachment loss as compared to 7% of the molar flat surface sites and 11% of the non-molar sites.
Important role of the cys-191 cys-220 disulfide bond in thrombin function and allostery

Little is known on the role of disulfide bonds in the catalytic domain of serine proteases. The Cys-191–Cys-220 disulfide bond is located between the 190 strand leading to the oxyanion hole and the 220-loop that contributes to the architecture of the primary specificity pocket and the Na+ binding site in allosteric proteases. Removal of this bond in thrombin produces an ∼100-fold loss of activity toward several chromogenic and natural substrates carrying Arg or Lys at P1. Na+ activation is compromised, and no fluorescence change can be detected in response to Na+ binding. A 1.54-A resolution structure of the C191A/C220A mutant in the free form reveals a conformation similar to the Na+-free slow form of wild type. The lack of disulfide bond exposes the side chain of Asp-189 to solvent, flips the backbone O atom of Gly-219, and generates disorder in portions of the 186 and 220 loops defining the Na+ site. This conformation, featuring perturbation of the Na+ site but with the active site accessible to substrate, offers a possible representation of the recently identified E* form of thrombin. Disorder in the 186 and 220 loops and the flip of Gly-219 are corrected by the active site inhibitor H-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl, as revealed by the 1.8-A resolution structure of the complex. We conclude that the Cys-191–Cys-220 disulfide bond confers stability to the primary specificity pocket by shielding Asp-189 from the solvent and orients the backbone O atom of Gly-219 for optimal substrate binding. In addition, the disulfide bond stabilizes the 186 and 220 loops that are critical for Na+ binding and activation.
A theory for the kinetics of intercalation of graphite

Abstract A theory, which takes into account the evaporation, transport and condensation of the intercalate outside the graphite and the diffusion and staging inside the graphite, is presented for the kinetics of intercalation of graphite. The theory has been applied to a number of intercalates (including Br2, ICl, K, Rb, Cs, FeCl3, NiCl2, CuCl2, PdCl2, HNO3, AsF5, and SbF5) at various temperatures. Ratecontrolling reaction steps have been identified for different types of intercalation compounds.
Characterization of Near-Infrared Functional Lymphatic Imaging in the Rat Tail Model

The lymphatic vasculature is present in nearly every tissue of the body to serve essential functions in fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and lipid transport, and it has been implicated in the progression of several diseases. Despite the critical roles that this system performs, very little is known about the lymphatic vasculature in comparison to the blood vasculature, which can be attributed, in part, to the difficulty associated with imaging lymphatic vessels. With the growing interest in studying lymphatics, near-infrared (NIR) imaging has emerged in the literature as a novel lymphatic imaging modality to simultaneously improve spatial resolution to visualize small initial lymphatics and increase temporal resolution to capture the dynamic lymphatic pump function responsible for fluid propulsion.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
RESVERATROL PREVENTS DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE MUSCLE ATROPHY-RELATED UBIQUITIN LIGASES ATROGIN-1 AND MURF1 IN CULTURED MYOTUBES THROUGH A SIRT1-DEPENDENT MECHANISM

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) has been ascribed multiple beneficial biological effects but the influence of resveratrol on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy is not known. We examined the effects of resveratrol on dexamethasone-induced atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression, FOXO1 acetylation, protein degradation and atrophy in cultured L6 myotubes. In addition, the role of the deacetylase SIRT1 in the effects of resveratrol was determined by transfecting myotubes with SIRT1 siRNA. The catabolic effects of dexamethasone were prevented by resveratrol and the protective effects of resveratrol on dexamethasone-induced atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression were abolished in myotubes transfected with SIRT1 siRNA. Results suggest that resveratrol can prevent glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting and that this effect is at least in part SIRT1-dependent.
Incomplete skin representation in digital mammograms

Flat-panel digital detector systems have limited dynamic range and saturate at a particular x-ray exposure. Hence some of the breast edge may not be represented in the displayed image. We developed a model to estimate the amount of skin loss. Model predictions agreed well with phantom measurements. In our database of 884 clinical digital mammograms, 98% had saturated backgrounds. The estimated skin loss exceeded 0.5 mm in 5% of images and 1.0 mm in 0.7% of images. Any skin thickening that is present should still be visualized, so we conclude that any skin-line loss may not be of clinical significance.
New Mechanism for the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes: Catalysis by Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes with a Rigid Dicyclopentadienyl Ligand

The dinuclear ruthenium complex {(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}Ru2(CO)3(C2H4)H+BF4- (1) catalyzes the intermolecular hydroamination of arylalkynes (e.g., phenylacetylene) with arylamines (e.g., p-toluidine) t...
Recent applications of microprocessor-based instruments in nuclear power stations

Safety-grade, microprocessor-based instruments and controllers for power plant applications called NUMAC (nuclear measurement, analysis, and control) are discussed. Their modular-based design has a common rack-mounted chassis with keypad and electroluminescent display and menu-driven operation under fixed program control. Past applications for NUMAC instruments and controllers are reviewed, and some instruments that are being installed in operating boiling-water reactors are described. These include instruments for area radiation monitoring, wide-range neutron monitoring, and rod worth minimization. Operating experience is reported. >
Improved postischemic ventricular functional recovery by amphetamine is linked with its ability to induce heat shock.

Heat shock has been shown to increase the cellular tolerances to ischemic injury. In this study, we examined the effects of heat shock induced by amphetamine on postischemic myocardial functional recovery in a setting of coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction. Intramuscular injection of amphetamine (3 mg/kg, i.m.) to pigs increased the body temperature to 42.5°C within 1 h, and maintained this temperature for an additional 2 h. Fourty h after the amphetamine injection, the pigs were placed on by cardiopulmonary bypass and then isolated,in situ heart preparations were subjected to 1 h of global hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and 1 h of normothermic reperfusion. Postischemic myocardial performance was monitored by measuring left ventricular (LV) pressure, its dp/dt, myocardial segmental shortening (%SS), and coronary blood flow. Cellular injury was examined by measuring creatine kinase (CK) release. Biochemical measurements included quantification of plasma catecholamines and study of the induction of heat shock gene expression and antioxidative enzymes in the heart tissue. The results of this study indicated significantly greater recovery of LV contractile functions by amphetamine as demonstrated by improved recovery of LVDP (61% vs 52%), dp/dtmax (52% vs 44%), and segmental shortening (46.2% vs 10%). Myocardial CK release was significantly reduced in the amphetamine group. Furthermore, amphetamine pretreatment was associated with the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 mRNA and stimulated Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, suggesting that amphetamine mediated improved postischemic ventricular recovery might be linked with its ability to induce heat shock and stimulate antioxidant enzymes.
Non-epiphyseal chondroblastoma arising in the iliac bone, and complicated by an aneurysmal bone cyst: a case report and review of the literature

Chondroblastoma is a benign bone tumor that typically arises in the epiphysis of a long bone. However, when it occurs in non-epiphyseal location in flat bones, it may create a diagnostic problem. We describe such a case of chondroblastoma arising in the iliac bone. A 29-year-old man was incidentally found to have a bony pelvic lesion while undergoing evaluation for Crohn’s disease. The radiographs and CT revealed an expansile lytic lesion in the right iliac bone. A core biopsy of the lesion was performed. The histopathology revealed the lesion to be a chondroblastoma with secondary features of aneurysmal bone cyst. An en bloc surgical resection of the tumor was performed.
Characterization of Flow in Intravenous Catheters

The pressure-flow (P-F) relationship in intravenous catheters is shown to be represented by the predictive model P = RLF + RTF2. The pressure loss due to F, calculated from experimental data, was found to equal the expected Poiseuille laminar flow loss. Pressure loss due to F2 was found to be the sum of turbulent P losses due to entrance length flow disturbance, kinetic energy at the outflow, and minor shape change losses. Analysis of the flow capabilities of intravenous catheters can be used to evaluate suitability for specific intravenous infusion needs.
Synthetic studies leading to DE-ring analogs of camptothecin

A synthetic scheme leading to an isomeric DE ring (14) of the anti-tumor alkaloid, camptothecin, has been achieved. However, the method failed to give the correct pyridone lactone (2) found in this alkaloid.
A sensitive HPLC method for the determination of terfenadine and its metabolite in human plasma

Abstract A sensitive and selective HPLC assay with fluorescence detection was developed for the analysis of terfenadine and its acid metabolite in human plasma. The compounds were isolated from plasma by liquid extraction with methyl-t-butyl ether:isopropyl alcohol (95:5% v/v). The chromatographic separation was carried on cyanopropylsilane column (15 cm × 4,6 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.001 M acetate buffer, pH 4.0 : acetonitrile (25:75% v/v). The eluent was monitored at 230 nm excitation and 300 nm emission wavelengths with a 270 nm cut-off filter. The range of quantification was 2 to 1000 ng/ml for terfenadine and 5 to 1000 ng/ml for acid metabolite, respectively. The assay showed linearity over the range of quantification (r2 > 0.998). This method has been applied to the analysis of human plasma samples.
The photoperoxidation of unsaturated organic molecules. Intersystem crossing in 9,10-diphenylanthracene

Abstract Measurements of the quantum yield of 9,10-diphenylanthracene autoperoxidation as a function of dissolved oxygen concentration in benzene at 25°C are consistent with an intersystem crossing yield of 0.13 ± 0.03 for this molecule and the absence of the spin-allowed exothermic process S 1 + O 2 3 Σ → T 1 + O 2 Δ. These conclusions indicate the presence of a second triplet state below S 1 .
Concurrent coupling of length scales: Methodology and application

A strategic objective of computational materials physics is the accurate description of specific materials on length scales approaching the meso and macroscopic. We report on progress towards this goal by describing a seamless coupling of continuum to statistical to quantum mechanics, involving an algorithm, implemented on a parallel computer, for handshaking between finite elements, molecular dynamics, and semiempirical tight binding. We illustrate and validate the methodology using the example of crack propagation in silicon.
DETERMINATION OF SIGNIFICANT WAVELENGTHS AND PREDICTION OF NITROGEN CONTENT FOR CITRUS

This research was conducted as a preliminary step toward developing a real-time spectral-based nitrogen sensor for citrus trees. Diffuse reflectance of leaf samples, with five nitrogen application rates (0, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg ha-1), was measured from 400 to 2500 nm using a spectrophotometer in a laboratory environment. A correlation coefficient spectrum, a stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) procedure, and the B-matrix in partial least squares (PLS) regression were used to determine important wavelengths. Some wavelengths (448, 669, 719, 1377, 1773, and 2231 nm) were identified by both SMLR and PLS as significant wavelengths for nitrogen detection. The results from the calibration models built by SMLR and PLS showed strong relationships between predicted and actual nitrogen concentration. SMLR performed better on a 20 nm averaged dataset with lower collinearity. With the best calibration model built on wavelengths selected by SMLR from this averaged data set, R2 for the validation data set was 0.839, and the root mean square difference (RMSD) was 0.122%. PLS was more suitable for full spectrum analysis due to its ability to reduce collinearity in the dataset. The calibration model built by PLS on the full spectral region had an R2 of 0.828 and an RMSD of 0.122% for the validation data set.
Crossed-beam study of the charge-transfer reaction of helium ions with xenon.

The charge-transfer reaction of helium ions with xenon was investigated with a crossed-beam apparatus at collision energies of 5.1, 29, and 97 eV. In agreement with luminescence studies of the same reaction, the dominant product observed is the 6s $^{4}P_{1/2}$ state of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$. A deconvolution technique which removes the contribution of this near-resonant state was used to investigate the contribution of other excited states and the ground state to the observed scattering diagram. A highly structured scattering-contour diagram was revealed which allowed positive identification of several excited-state products. These states are formed directly by charge transfer rather than by cascading from higher states; they also exhibit angular-specific and quantum-state-specific scattering. A propensity rule to conserve electronic angular momentum (\ensuremath{\Delta}J=0) is also inferred.
Stochastic non-linear flutter of a panel subjected to random in-plane forces

Abstract —An analysis of non-linear flutter of a simply-supported panel exposed to supersonic gas flow and random in-plane forces is presented for two- and three-mode interactions. A first order quasi-steady state aerodynamic piston theory is used to model the aerodynamic loading. The Fokker-Planck equation is used to derive a general moment equation for two- and three-mode interactions. For stability analysis the moment equation is consistent and the mean square stability boundaries of the equilibrium are obtained in terms of the system parameters. The stability boundaries reveal common features to those predicted by the deterministic theory of panel nutter. For the non-linear response the moment equation is found inconsistent and a cumulant-neglect closure is used by setting cumulants of fifth and sixth orders to zero. This first order non-Gaussian closure is carried out to solve for the response statistics in terms of the air-to-plate mass ratio, aerodynamic pressure, modal damping, and in-plane random force spectral density. It is found that the non-Gaussian solution yields higher levels for the response statistics than those obtained by the Gaussian solution. The inclusion of more modes results in a reduction of the response levels and expands the stability region.
Chemical modification of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, the vitamin K-dependent amino acid which binds Ca2+

Abstract γ-Carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), the vitamin K-dependent Ca 2+ binding amino acid, can be chemically modified in several specific reactions. Practical outlines of the published procedures for the thermal decarboxylation of Gla to Glu in dry proteins and the specific exchange labeling of the γ-proton of Gla with tritium are presented. The applications of these procedures in the analysis of the role of Gla residues in Ca 2+ binding and in biological activity are also discussed. In addition, the reversible formation of pyro-γ-carboxyglutamic acid is described for the first time. Pyro-γ-carboxyglutamic acid is formed from Gla in over 99% yield in a first-order reaction with a half-time of 3.5 h at pH 10 and 110°C. The mass spectrum of the dimethyl ester of the reaction adduct is consistent with pyro-γ-carboxyglutamic acid and treatment of the reaction adduct with 2 m KOH for 24 h at 110°C quantitatively regenerates Gla. The applications of this reversible reaction to the quantitative analysis of Gla in proteins are discussed.
The effect of contrast on the completeness of binocular rivalry suppression

Binocular rivalry between orthogonal sine wave gratings was studied by asking subjects to indicate when they saw just one or the other grating, as opposed to a composite. Using this measure, it was found that the completeness of rivalry (1) usually increased with grating contrast; (2) increased as a trial progressed, up to about 40 sec; and (3) depended on spatial frequency, with the optimal spatial frequency being lower than that at which contrast sensitivity was maximal. These findings supplement what has been learned about rivalry by other methods.
Bioassay chamber for angiogenesis with perfused explanted arteries and electrospun scaffolding.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that explanted perfused arteries can serve as the initial endothelial cell culture source to evaluate the onset of angiogenesis in a cellulose acetate electrospun scaffold.Methods: Electrospun scaffolds with fiber diameters roughly controlled in three broad ranges: 0.01 to 0.2, 0.2 to 1, and 1 to 5 μ m (Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2:37–41, 2006), were used in cell culture to determine which provides the best culture topology. This scaffold was then tested in a bioassay chamber whose cellular source was an explanted abdominal aorta from donated euthanized mice. Scaffolds were draped over a cannulated vessel perfused for 24 h. Cell viability, density, and morphology were quantified.Results: The largest fiber diameter group provided the best culture topology for human umbilical vein endothelial cells, showing high cell viability and density, and enhanced elongated cell morphology. Addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes decreased cell densit...
Energy Distribution of Neutrons Scattered by Liquid Lead

An experiment has been performed to test some of the predictions of a recent theory of neutron scattering by liquids proposed by Vineyard. Neutrons of 0.0685 ev were scattered at 90 degrees by lead at 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 330\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 550\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, and the widths at half maximum of the energy distributions were determined. The width at 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for solid lead was obtained for comparison purposes and found to be slightly narrower than would be predicted for a perfect gas model. The results for liquid lead show (1) that the simple diffusion model gives a slightly broader distribution than is observed for neutrons scattered by lead near the melting point and (2) that this model predicts a much larger variation of the width with temperature than is observed experimentally.
WITHDRAWAL OF MAGNESIUM ENHANCES CORONARY ARTERIAL SPASMS PRODUCED BY VASOACTIVE AGENTS

1 The influence of external magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) on the sensitivity (i.e. EC50) and contractility (maximum response) of isolated large and small coronary arteries of the dog, obtained from different regions of the myocardium, to vasoactive agents was studied. 2 Removal of [Mg2+]o from the physiological salt solution enhanced, while elevation in [Mg2+]o to 4.8 mM, lowered the contractile sensitivity to three different agents, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), angiotensin II and KCl. 3 Contractility, of both large and small coronary arteries, to 5-HT and angiotensin II was potentiated and depressed, respectively, by withdrawal and elevation of [Mg2+]o; maximum responses to KCl were not altered by 0 or 4.8 mM [Mg2+]o. 4 Cumulative concentration-contractile effect curves to CaCl2 were shifted leftward on removal of [Mg2+]o; elevation of [Mg2+]o to 4.8 mM shifted the CaCl2 concentration-effect curves to the right. Maximal contractile responses to CaCl2 were enhanced by removal of, and reduced by elevation of, [Mg2+]o. 5 The calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil (10(-6)M), inhibited completely contractile responses to KCl; contractile responses elicited by angiotensin II and 5-HT were attenuated by verapamil. 6 A variety of pharmacological antagonists (phentolamine, propranolol, methysergide, atropine, diphenhydramine), as well as use of a prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses evoked by angiotensin II or KCl in different concentrations of Mg2+. 7 These results suggest: (1) [Mg2+]o may exert considerably greater influence on receptor-operated rather than membrane-potential sensitive channels involved in Ca2+ transport in coronary arterial smooth muscle; (2) Mg2+ interferes with the affinity (binding) of certain agonists (5-HT and angiotensin II) for their respective receptors in coronary vascular muscle; and (3) a functional pool of Ca2+ which is resistant to Ca2+-depletion, but accessible to activation by 5-HT and angiotensin II is present in canine coronary arterial smooth muscle.
Conflicting interests, decomposability, and comparative statics

When optimizing an aggregate of several individual objective functions, it may be possible to decompose the set of individual objectives into groups across which there are no conflicting interests. It is shown that changes in an individual objective will affect those individuals, and only those individuals, whose objective is in potential conflict with the changed objective. Thus, in particular, each individual can affect every other individual if and only if the optimization problem is indecomposable - i.e. if and only if it is impossible to separate the individuals into groups across which there are no conflicting interests.
Automated detection of disulfide bridges in electron density maps using linear discriminant analysis

The ability to recognize disulfide bridges automatically in electron density maps would be useful to both protein crystallographers and automated model-building programs. A computational method is described for recognizing disulfide bridges in uninterpreted maps based on linear discriminant analysis. For each localized spherical region in a map, a vector of rotation-invariant numeric features is calculated that captures various aspects of the local pattern of density. These features values are then input into a linear equation, with coefficients computed to optimize discrimination of a set of training examples (disulfides and non-disulfides), and compared with a decision threshold. The method is shown to be highly accurate at distinguishing disulfides from non-disulfides in both the original training data and in real (experimental) electron density maps of other proteins.
DAMAGE TO PROTEINS BY PEROXIDIZED LIPIDS.

The purpose of this research was to determine the mechanism of damage to protein by the free radical intermediates formed during the peroxidation of lipids. The reaction system consisted of linolenic acid, cytochrome c, and oxygen. The addition reaction of peroxidizing linolenic acid with cytochrome c was measured using linolenic acid-C14. There was considerable damage to cytochrome c as measured by its decreased solubility. Paper chromatographic studies of the amino acids of the linolenic peroxy–cytochrome c product showed losses of amino acids that are labile to oxidation. Linkages between linolenic acid and cytochrome c were identified as either peroxy or ether by infrared spectra. Hydrolysis revealed that 70% of the linolenic acid was bound to cytochrome c through peroxy bonds, and the rest through ether or possibly carbon-to-carbon bonds. Measurements of thiobarbituric acid value and peroxide number substantiated the chemical nature of peroxidative damage to cytochrome c.
Views of Formal and Informal Crime Control and Their Correlates in China

For thousands of years, traditional China relied on a morality-based system of informal, socially enforced control. After its 1978 economic reforms, China embraced a more Western model of social control, based on laws and enforced by official governmental controlling organizations. However, few studies have examined correlates of formal and informal social control in a quantitative manner. This study analyzed data from 109 purposively selected residents in Hubei province and found that increased mobility was related to a belief that formal control was more effective. Collectivism was inversely related to the attitude that formal sanctions are a powerful deterrent to crime. Finally, satisfaction with police was positively related both to the belief in the deterrent value of formal sanctions and of informal sanctions.
Complete $$r$$r-partite Graphs Determined by their Domination Polynomial

The domination polynomial of a graph is the polynomial whose coefficients count the number of dominating sets of each cardinality. A recent question asks which graphs are uniquely determined (up to isomorphism) by their domination polynomial. In this paper, we completely describe the complete $$r$$r-partite graphs which are; in the bipartite case, this settles in the affirmative a conjecture of Aalipour et al. (Ars Comb, 2014).
Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton growth in Lake Dillon, Colorado

Bacterioplankton biomass, production, and growth rate were measured over a 2-yr period in Lake Dillon, a mesotrophic Colorado reservoir. In addition, a multivariate statistical analysis and nutrient addition experiments were used to analyze the regulation of bacterioplankton growth in situ. Biomass ranged between 170 (winter) and 2,200 mg C m-* (summer); production ranged from 10 (winter) to 625 mg C m-* d-* (summer); annual bacterioplankton production was 47 g C m-2 yr-l in 1987 and 67 in 1988. Population growth rates ranged between 0.001 and 0.08 1 h I. Growth rates in the epilimnion were substantially below estimated potential rates, suggesting severe nutrient limitation during the period of stratification. Population growth rates were highly correlated with P concentrations but not with dissolved organic C concentrations. Bacterioplankton growth in the summer epilimnion responded strongly to the addition of P alone or in combination with N or labile organic C. The field data show that bacterioplankton arc frequently without suflicient nutrients to sustain maximum growth; the experimental and statistical analysts indicate that P, rather than organic C, is the critical nutrient for bacterioplankton growth in this lake.
The Complexities of College for All: Beyond Fairy-tale Dreams

When 89% of high school graduates plan BA degrees, and low-achieving seniors who plan degrees have 80% failure rates, raising already high plans may be a poor strategy for improving college success...
Acamprosate and Primitive Reflexes

Objective:To describe 3 cases of patients with alcohol dependence whose primitive reflexes resolved upon initiation of acamprosate 666 mg 3 times daily.Case Summaries:A 57-year-old man had a long-standing history of alcohol dependence and a prominent snout reflex. The snout reflex resolved within 24 hours of starting treatment with acamprosate. A 45-year-old man with a long history of alcohol dependence had both a snout and a grasp reflex. These reflexes were present throughout 3 admissions for alcohol detoxification and continued until the end of his third admission, when he elected to begin treatment with acamprosate. Within 24 hours of starting treatment, the snout and grasp reflexes were absent. A 55-year-old man who drank heavily for 35 years presented with both a snout and a grasp reflex on admission. These persisted throughout his detoxification until the day after he had begun treatment with acamprosate. His primitive reflexes remained resolved through the next 4 days until discharge. All 3 of the...
DIII-D neutral beam control system operator interface

A centralized graphical user interface has been added to the DIII-D neutral beam (NB) control systems for status monitoring and remote control applications. This user interface provides for automatic data acquisition, alarm detection and supervisory control of the four NB programmable logic controllers (PLC) as well as the mode control PLC. These PLCs are used for interlocking, control and status of the NB vacuum pumping, gas delivery, and water cooling systems as well as beam mode status and control. The system allows for both a friendly user interface as well as a safe and convenient method of communicating with remote hardware that formerly required interruption of machine operations to access. In the future, to enable high level of control of PLC subsystems, complete procedures can be written and executed at the touch of a screen control panel button. The system consists of an IBM compatible 486 computer running the FIX DMACS for Windows data acquisition and control operator interface software, a Texas Instruments/Siemens communication card and Phoenix Digital optical communications modules. Communication is achieved via the TIWAY (Texas Instruments) protocol link utilizing both fiber optic communications and a copper local area network (LAN). Hardware and software capabilities will be reviewed. Data and alarm reporting, extended monitoring and control capabilities will also be discussed.
A Bayesian framework for the analysis of microarray expression data: regularized t -test and statistical inferences of gene changes.

Motivation: DNA microarrays are now capable of providing genome-wide patterns of gene expression across many different conditions. The first level of analysis of these patterns requires determining whether observed differences in expression are significant or not. Current methods are unsatisfactory due to the lack of a systematic framework that can accommodate noise, variability, and low replication often typical of microarray data. Results: We develop a Bayesian probabilistic framework for microarray data analysis. At the simplest level, we model log-expression values by independent normal distributions, parameterized by corresponding means and variances with hierarchical prior distributions. We derive point estimates for both parameters and hyperparameters, and regularized expressions for the variance of each gene by combining the empirical variance with a local background variance associated with neighboring genes. An additional hyperparameter, inversely related to the number of empirical observations, determines the strength of the background variance. Simulations show that these point estimates, combined with a t-test, provide a systematic inference approach that compares favorably with simple t-test or fold methods, and partly compensate for the lack of replication.
Extremity pain and refusal to walk in children with invasive meningococcal disease.

Objective. Early recognition of invasive meningococcal disease in children may be difficult. Extremity pain and refusal to walk (extremity symptoms) are uncommonly mentioned as clinical findings in children who present with this disease. We sought to determine 1) the frequency of extremity symptoms as part of the clinical presentation in children with invasive meningococcal disease and 2) whether these symptoms help identify children with otherwise unsuspected meningococcal disease. Methods. We reviewed the medical records of patients who were younger than 20 years and had invasive meningococcal disease from 1985 to 1996 at 3 pediatric referral centers. Children with extremity symptoms were identified and described. We compared clinical and laboratory findings and frequency of adverse outcomes between these children and those with invasive meningococcal disease without extremity symptoms. Results. We identified 274 children with invasive meningococcal disease, 45 (16%) of whom had either history or physical examination evidence of extremity pain (31) or refusal to walk (14) as part of their clinical presentations. Five of the 45 patients had arthritis at the time of presentation. Patients with extremity symptoms at presentation were significantly older (77.9 ± 62.2 vs 44.0 ± 56.9 months), had lower temperatures (38.8 ± 1.2°C vs 39.2 ± 1.2°C), and had higher band counts (28.2 ± 15.2% vs 18.1 ± 12.4%) than did patients without extremity symptoms. There were no significant differences, however, between groups with regard to rash, white blood cell counts, coagulation parameters, prevalence of meningitis, or adverse outcomes. Seventy-three (27%) of the 274 patients had unsuspected disease, and 5 (7%) of these had extremity symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions. Sixteen percent of children with invasive meningococcal disease have extremity symptoms at the time of diagnosis. These symptoms may help to identify some patients with otherwise unsuspected invasive meningococcal disease.
Mechanism of n-butyrate uptake in the human proximal colonic basolateral membranes

Current studies were undertaken to characterize the mechanism of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) transport in isolated human proximal colonic basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) utilizing a rapid-fi...