cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon tetrachloride-induced retention of sulfobromophthalein in the plasma of rainbow trout.

Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Retention of Sulfobromophthalein in the Plasma of Rainbow Trout. Gingerich, W. H., Weber, L. J., and Larson, R. E. (1978). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 43 , 147–158. Carbon tetrachloride was evaluated as a potential hepatotoxic agent in rainbow trout. Plasma half-lives of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) increased in proportion to the dose of CCl 4 administered, and histological examination of liver sections indicated that morphological damage, including necrosis of hepatocytes surrounding central veins, also had occurred. High plasma hemoglobin concentrations, hemoglobinuria, and a significant increase in relative body weight were observed in trout following intoxication. To exclude the possibility that plasma BSP clearance in treated fish had been impaired by high plasma hemoglobin concentrations, plasma BSP disappearance studies were conducted in two groups of fish following prolonged infusion of either bilirubin 40 μg/kg/min) or hemoglobin (250 μg/kg/min). In these studies, plasma BSP disappearance was not affected by high plasma concentrations of either compound, and it was either bilirubin (40 μg/kg/min) or hemoglobin (250 μg/kg/min). In these studies, plasma BSP disappearance was not affected by high plasma concentrations of either compound, and it was therefore concluded that the retention of BSP in plasma of fish treated with CCl 4 could not be explained by attendant intravascular hemolysis. Carbon tetrachloride appears to serve as a useful model hepatotoxic agent in rainbow trout and further, retention of BSP in the plasma may be a useful index by which to evaluate liver dysfunction in this fish.
Toward cloning aquacultured fish

Abstract Being able to influence the gametogenesis of cultured fish so they reproduce clonally, as some do in nature, would provide aquaculturists with powerful options not available to other animal breeders. This article shows why tetraploidizing precursor cell types to oocytes in otherwise diploid fish, coupled with already practiced gynogenetic induction of spawned eggs and sex reversal, could lead to large‐scale cloning of selectively bred or transgenic individuals, and faithful copying of wild fish genomes. How cloning of this sort might be conducted on fish is described and data needs pointed out. Tetraploid copying of diploid clones, further even larger‐scale cloning for aquaculture production, and inter‐ and intra‐clonal crossbreeding are also topics of consideration.
RYR3 gene variants in subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) gene are associated with common carotid intima media thickness (CCA cIMT) in HIV-infected men. We evaluated SNPs in the RYR3 gene among HIV-infected women participating in Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).
Skyline index for time series data

We have developed a new indexing strategy that helps overcome the curse of dimensionality for time series data. Our proposed approach, called skyline index, adopts new skyline bounding regions (SBR) to approximate and represent a group of time series data according to their collective shape. Skyline bounding regions allow us to define a distance function that tightly lower bounds the distance between a query and a group of time series data. In an extensive performance study, we investigate the impact of different distance functions by various dimensionality reduction and indexing techniques on the performance of similarity search, including index pages accessed, data objects fetched, and overall query processing time. In addition, we show that, for k-nearest neighbor queries, the proposed skyline index approach can be coupled with the state of the art dimensionality reduction techniques such as adaptive piecewise constant approximation (APCA) and improve its performance by up to a factor of 3.
Dexamethasone dosing, mechanical ventilation and the risk of cerebral palsy.

Objective. Risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) in premature infants include duration of mechanical ventilation and exposure to postnatal dexamethasone (DEX). Since DEX can reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, limited DEX exposure could be beneficial.Methods. This was a retrospective, cohort study of infants of less than 1500 g birth weight surviving to discharge between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 2001 who received postnatal dexamethasone. DEX administration was based only on the need for O2 and/or mechanical ventilation. CP was diagnosed at over 10 months post-conceptional age. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine significant risk factors and the relative contribution of these factors to overall risk of CP.Results. Of 218 eligible infants 162 were followed-up (74%). The CP rate was 27.3%. Significant risk factors for CP included gestational age, ventilator duration, DEX dose, presence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), seizures, diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity...
EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON THE HUMAN SMALL INTESTINE

Methylxanthines produce intracellular accumulation of cyclic 3'5'-AMP (cAMP) by inhibition of phosphodiesterase and mucosal cAMP accumulation. Cyclic AMP is thought to mediate small intestinal secretion caused by some enterotoxins, hormones, and methylxanthines. These studies were designed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on small intestinal net fluid movement and transit times. The administration of caffeine in amounts ordinarily contained in many beverages and medications (75 to 300 mg) resulted in striking net secretion in the jejunum which lasted at least 15 minutes. This occurred in six of seven studies. Baseline net absorption of 0.5 ml per cm per hr was reversed to net secretion of 6.0 +/- 2.2 ml per cm per hr after oral caffeine ingestion (P less than 0.01). Net secretion also occurred in the ileum in seven of eight studies, but the onset of secretion appeared 35 min later than in the jejunum. These patterns of secretion correlated best with the passage of the intestinal bolus of caffeine rather than plasma caffeine levels. In contrast to other net secretory conditions, which increase the speed of transit, small intestinal transit times, as determined by dye dilution methods, were unchanged by caffeine. It is possible that methylxanthine-induced small intestinal secretion may play a role in the symptoms experienced by some patients with functional diarrhea.
Influence, beliefs, appraisals, and affect: A test of appraisal theory in a mediated context

Abstract This study extended appraisal theory to a mediated context. A moral advocacy campaign was examined to consider the relative importance of personal beliefs in the influence process as compared to the noxiousness of the message. Affect, the noxiousness of the message, and beliefs were found to play important roles in the influence model, but beliefs did not perform as specified in the model. Contrary to the specified appraisal model, beliefs were found to have a direct effect on the development of affect rather than the indirect effect that was proposed. Reactions to the influence messages varied in relation to segmented beliefs about abortion. Implications for practice are discussed.
Evolution of a Tracer Gradient in an Incompressible, Two-Dimensional Flow

In the preceding paper in these Proceedings, B.L. Hua, P. Klein and G. Lapeyre propose criteria to identify when and where in a fluid flow its tracer gradients grow exponentially. They argue that their criteria provides more predictive power than the known Obuko-Weiss criterion. The present paper makes two points: first, the problem posed by these authors can be solved exactly for a two-dimensional, incompressible flow. Second, for many flows no purely local criterion can provide the global information desired.
Development of embryonic rat eyes in organ culture. II. An in vitro approach to teratogenic mechanisms.

Abnormalities of the ocular system which appear in organ culture in Waymouth's medium with freshly added glutamine (Armstrong & Elias, 1968) resemble those caused by transitory pteryolglutamic acid (PGA or folic acid) deficiency in vivo (Armstrong & Monie, 1966). The configurations of such malformations as lens herniations, retinal diverticula, and rosette-like formations of the retina are remarkably similar in both cases. The experiments reported in this paper were undertaken in an effort to understand the mechanisms involved in the production of similar abnormalities by two very different experimental conditions: the addition of glutamine in vitro and the transitory deficiency of PGA in vivo. One series of experiments involved the effects of manipulation of the PGA and glutamine content of the culture medium on eye development in vitro. Parallel studies on PGA-deficiency in vivo were undertaken in conjunction with organ-culture experiments in order to compare the effects on abnormal eye morphogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Culture experiments. Eyes from normal day-11 Long-Evans rat embryos were used as well as eye tissues from embryos of equivalent age whose mothers had been subjected to transitory PGA-deficiency in vivo from days 9-11 of gestation (Armstrong & Monie, 1966). Waymouth's MB 752/1 culture medium was employed in both experiments, the content of glutamine and PGA being altered as required. In addition, the effect of the PGA antimetabolite 9-methyl PGA, used to induce PGA-deficiency in vivo, was tested in the culture system by adding it directly to Waymouth's medium both with and without PGA; only day-11 eyes were cultured under the latter condition. In all cases the culture and histological procedures were the same as those previously described by Arm
Mapping Genetic Contributions to Cardiac Pathology Induced by Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation in Mice

Background— Chronic stress-induced cardiac pathology exhibits both a wide range in severity and a high degree of heterogeneity in clinical manifestation in human patients. This variability is contributed to by complex genetic and environmental etiologies within the human population. Genetic approaches to elucidate the genetics underlying the acquired forms of cardiomyopathies, including genome-wide association studies, have been largely unsuccessful, resulting in limited knowledge as to the contribution of genetic variations for this important disease. Methods and Results— Using the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol as a specific pathological stressor to circumvent the problem of etiologic heterogeneity, we performed a genome-wide association study for genes influencing cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a large panel of inbred mice. Our analyses revealed 7 significant loci and 17 suggestive loci, containing an average of 14 genes, affecting cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and surrogate traits relevant to heart failure. Several loci contained candidate genes which are known to contribute to Mendelian cardiomyopathies in humans or have established roles in cardiac pathology based on molecular or genetic studies in mouse models. In particular, we identify Abcc6 as a novel gene underlying a fibrosis locus by validating that an allele with a splice mutation of Abcc6 dramatically and rapidly promotes isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis. Conclusions— Genetic variants significantly contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of stress-induced cardiomyopathy. Systems genetics is an effective approach to identify genes and pathways underlying the specific pathological features of cardiomyopathies. Abcc6 is a previously unrecognized player in the development of stress-induced cardiac fibrosis.
Lingering Presence: A Study Using the Human Becoming Hermeneutic Method:

The purpose of this human becoming hermeneutic research was to explore the meaning of lingering presence. The emergent meanings were: (a) A lingering presence surfaces in the cherished remembered which changes moment to moment as new experiences arise in the now and shed different light on the was and will be; (b) a lingering presence is lived in private ways, yet with others in a different alone-togetherness; and (c) a lingering presence is living with the familiar-unfamiliar in the now moment, while moving beyond with different possibles. The findings are discussed in relation to how they contribute to nursing knowledge development.
Matrix-independent Survival of Human Keratinocytes through an EGF Receptor/MAPK-Kinase-dependent Pathway

Normal epithelial cells undergo apoptosis when they are denied contact with the extracellular matrix, in a process termed “anoikis.” Conversely, malignant epithelial cells typically acquire anchora...
Mechanisms of selenate adsorption on iron oxides and hydroxides.

Selenate (SeO42-) is an oxyanion of environmental importance because of its toxicity to animals and its mobility in the soil environment. It is known that iron(III) oxides and hydroxides are important sorbents for SeO42- in soils and sediments, but the mechanism of selenate adsorption on iron oxides has been the subject of intense debate. Our research employed Extended X-ray absorption fine structure and attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies to determine SeO42- bonding mechanisms on hematite, goethite, and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). It was learned that selenate forms only inner-sphere surface complexes on hematite but forms a mixture of outer- and inner-sphere surface complexes on goethite and HFO. This continuum of adsorption mechanisms is strongly affected by both pH and ionic strength. These results suggest that adsorption experiments should be conducted on several different iron oxides and over a wide range of reaction conditions to accurately assess the reactivity of...
Seasonal Activity and Species Composition of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) Inhabiting Cattle Pastures in North Carolina

Species composition and seasonal distribution of dung beetles were studied on dairy and beef cattle pastures in North Carolina. Study sites included a dairy located in the piedmont region (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, NC) and a combined dairy/beef facility in the coastal plain (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC). Dung beetles were trapped in cattle pastures from March 2002 through September 2003 by using dung-baited pitfall traps. Trapping yielded 4,111 beetles representing 14 species from the piedmont dairy, including Aphodius prodromus Brahm, a new record for North Carolina. Totals of 57,026 beetles representing 28 species and 28,857 beetles representing 26 species were trapped from the dairy unit and beef unit in the coastal plain site, respectively. Onthophagus gazella (F.), a second new record for North Carolina, was collected from the coastal plain. Beetles common to all collection sites include Aphodius erraticus (L.), Aphodius fimetarius (L.), Aphodius granarius (L.), Aphodius pseudolividus Balthasar, Onthophagus taurus Schreber, Onthophagus hecate hecate Panzer, and Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold. The introduced beetle O. taurus dominated the dung beetle population, accounting for >50% of the total beetles caught at either site. Beetle activity was greatest from March until November, with activity declining during the winter. Nine exotic species in the genera Onthophagus and Aphodius represented nearly 95% of the beetles trapped.
Morphology of the prothorax and procoxa in the New World Cryptocephalini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

The comparative morphology of the prothorax and procoxae of New World Cryptocephalini was studied based on representatives of 11 of the 13 genera of the tribe. This study revealed a set of characters of obvious diagnostic and possible phylogenetic value supporting the currently accepted generic classification and two subtribes instead of the three currently recognized. Two general typesof prothoracies were found, the first occurring in Cryptocephalina and Monachulina and the second in Pachybrachina. Previously undescribed for Polyphaga, a monocondylic joint between the coxa and trochantin, was found in all the genera studied. Possible movement of the trochanter, including the transfer of advance movement into rotation, is described and illustrated.
Grouping and migration of surface faulting and variations in slip rates on faults in the Great Basin province

Abstract Nonuniformity of the occurrence of large slip events producing surface ruptures on seismogenic faults and variations in slip rate probably characterize seismogenic faulting in the Great Basin province, Western United States. Examples include: the grouping of faulting events along the Lost River fault, Idaho; changes in tilt rates of the East Range and Cortez Mountains, Nevada; extension of slip along a fault on the northwest flank of the Humboldt Range, Nevada; and migration or shifting of slip back and forth from one fault to another along subparallel range-front faults, in Dixie Valley, Nevada.
Short-Term Group Therapies for Complicated Grief: Two Research-Based Models

Short-Term Group Therapies for Complicated Grief: Two Research-Based Models is a compilation of years of research article interpretations related to numerous aspects of complicated grief (CG). Some...
The Emergence of High-Stakes Accountability Policies in Teacher Preparation: An Examination of the U.S. Department of Education's Proposed Regulations.

Using a sociological framework this article explores the emergence and possible consequences of the 2015 U.S. Department of Education’s proposed federal regulatory policy on teacher education programs and alternative route providers. After describing the key features of the policy, we examine the research literature looking for evidence of the merits of accountability policies in improving teacher education and preparation quality and outcomes. Although there is some research evidence that increased accountability measures may indeed contribute to improving the quality and outcomes of teacher education and preparation, the conditions under which this happens are not straightforward. While the stated aim of the regulatory policy, to ultimately advance student learning, finds widespread support in the education community, research evidence points to a number of validity problems with the overall policy. Of particular concern is the policy’s attempts at establishing a direct link between teacher preparation and two of the regulations’ suggested outcomes, namely graduates’ employment and pupil achievement. The policy as conceived could negatively impact program norms and resources and undermine the development of teachers’ human, cultural, and social capital. We discuss the accreditation challenges that the policy is likely to confront and implications for the future of teacher education and preparation accountability.
Medical Interpretation: Implications of Literary Theory of Narrative for Clinical Work

AbstractLiterary narrative theory offers robust conceptual frameworks for understand-ing the act of writing, the act of reading, the configuration of plot, and the narrative contract that binds writer and reader together. This article applies some current theoretical approaches used in studying literary storytelling to the storytelling that takes place in the doctor's office, conceptualizing the patient as the writer or teller and the doctor as the reader or listener. By inspecting clinical medicine as a narrative enterprise, shot through with the ambiguities and language-borne allusiveness of the fictional text, this study demonstrates ways in which patients and doctors may better understand their complex and often unsuccessful attempts to hear one another to the end. (General Internal Medicine and Literature)
Dysregulated myelopoiesis in mice lacking Jak3.

Jak3 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that associates with the common chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and is involved in the function of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. Mice deficient in Jak3 have few T and B cells, and no natural killer cells. Herein we show that the myeloid lineages in these mice are also affected by the loss of Jak3. Mice lacking Jak3 exhibit splenomegaly by 4 months of age. Peripheral blood smears show an increase in the number of neutrophils and cells of the monocytic lineage. Flow cytometry of splenocytes and peripheral blood show a significant increase in FcγRII/III(FcγR)/Mac-1, FcγR/Gr-1, and FcγR/F4/80 double-positive cells in −/− and +/− mice compared to wild-type mice, consistent with an expansion of cells of the myeloid lineages. In addition, as the mice age, F4/80 and CD3 positive mononuclear cells infiltrate the kidneys, lungs, and liver of these mice. When Jak3−/− mice are crossed with a transgenic mouse expressing Jak3 in the T and NK cell compartments, the splenomegaly and myeloid expansion are accentuated. These data correlate with the constitutive activation of T cells in the periphery as the transgenic cells lose their expression of Jak3 with age. However, when Jak3−/− mice are crossed with RAG-1–deficient animals, no splenomegaly or myeloid expansion is apparent. These results indicate that the loss of Jak3 in the T-cell compartment drives the expansion of the myeloid lineages.
Nutrition of Leptospira canicola. II. A chemically defined basal medium containing purified rabbit serum albumin.

SummaryLeptospira canicola has been cultivated satisfactorily on a chemically-defined medium supplemented with electrophoretically-homogeneous rabbit albumin separated from serum by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The results of experiments with crystalline bovine and human serum albumins and with salt-precipitated albumin fractions from bovine, horse and sheep sera have been presented.
Efficacy of amphotericin B lipid complex injection (ABLC) in bone marrow transplant recipients with life-threatening systemic mycoses

Bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients are at increased risk of invasive fungal disease as a result of the profound neutropenia associated with transplantation. Amphotericin B lipid complex injection (ABLC, ABELCET) was developed to preserve the broad spectrum and fungicidal activity of conventional amphotericin B while avoiding its associated nephrotoxicity. ABLC was made available to physicians in an emergency-use program to treat seriously ill patients with advanced fungal infections who had failed to respond to previous systemic antifungal therapy (mostly amphotericin B), had experienced nephrotoxicity or severe acute toxicity due to amphotericin B or other drugs, or had pre-existing renal disease. Of 59 clinically evaluable BMT recipients with presumed or confirmed fungal infections, 31 (53%) responded to treatment: 23 (39%) were cured and eight (14%) improved. For 38 mycologically evaluable patients, pathogens were eradicated in 19 (50%). For 30 patients who began ABLC treatment with a serum creatinine > 221 mumol/l, significant reductions were observed at weeks 1 to 3 (P < 0.01) and 6 (P < 0.001). Trends in serum creatinine during ABLC therapy between autologous and allogeneic transplant recipients were similar. In summary, the results of this evaluation indicate that ABLC appears to be less nephrotoxic than conventional amphotericin B as well as an effective treatment for BMT recipients with presumed or confirmed fungal infections.
Low Temperature-Induced Excess Mortality in Shanghai,2003-2007

[Objective] To describe low temperature-induced excess mortality in Shanghai,and to provide scientific basis for extreme weather warning and disaster reduction and mitigation.[Methods] Data of deaths in Shanghai during November 20 through March 30 next year between 2003-2007 were accumulated,meteorological data during the same period were also collected,and then their relationship was analyzed.[Results] From mid January to late February of 2008,the average ten-day temperatures were lower than the historical average temperature by 1.13℃ to 5.17℃.During the low temperature period of 2007,a total of 43 441 people died in Shanghai,2 641 more than the average over the same period in previous years.With the drop of daily average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature,the daily deaths increased accordingly.There was a significant negative correlation between the number of deaths and the temperature(ravg=-0.45,rmax=-0.38,rmin=-0.49).[Conclusion] Dramatic changes in weather and temperature induced by low temperature pose threats to people's health,leading to an increase in excess mortality.
Drug Abuse: A Symptom of Adolescent Unrest

Contrary to what most adults believe, adolescents who use marijuana are not always troubled youngsters. Well over half of the young people who try marijuana do so out of curiosity and because they want to have some fun. Of the young people who have tried drugs, 95 percent have done no more harm to themselves than previous generations have done with socially approved forms of adolescent experimentation. Awareness of these facts permits a realistic approach to use of drugs by adolescents.
A new technique for cannulating lymphatic vessels: experience in 150 extremities.

A simple new instrument designed to automatically direct the needle into the lumen of a lymphatic duct has been developed. Experience with this new technique for cannulating lymphatic vessels is reported in 150 individual extremities. The cannulator reduces the time, skill and effort currently required for needle placement.
The Round Table: The HRO Reformers’ Fifteen Minutes of Fame

In December 1989 the HRO reformers briefly moved to the center stage. They wanted to accomplish three goals: supervise the Modrow government, write the rules for the upcoming parliamentary elections, and draft a constitution that would embody the “better socialism” for the GDR.
Sustainability in machining: “Eco-friendly” turning of Inconel 718. Surface characterisation and economic analysis

Abstract Elimination or substitution of traditional lubricants results in the reduction of both operating costs and environmental impact associated with the use, filtration and disposal of metalworking fluids. However, traditional lubricooling are still widely used when machining “difficult to cut” materials, like Inconel 718, with the aim to increase tool life and obtain a surface with proper roughness. The need to move towards an eco-friendly machining pushed the authors to study the effects of alternative lubrication methods (Minimum Quantity Lubrication or Cooling and cryogenic one) on tool life, surface finish and machining costs, when turning Inconel 718. The material was machined with coated cemented carbide tools by a CNC lathe. Metal removing process was carried out under different cutting speeds while depth of cut and feed rate were kept constant. Economic analysis was also considered with the aim to evidence the most convenient condition. Minimum Quantity Cooling resulted in tool life and surface finish very similar to those obtained by conventional lubricooling, even if last one still remains the most convenient at economic level in the present case.
Assessing Component's Behavioral Interoperability Concerning Goals

As reuse of components becomes increasingly important, so does the assessment of interoperability between them at the time of component assembly. In order for the assembled components to work appropriately according to the needs of the intended stakeholders, it is essential to clearly understand what the individual source components were intended for in the first place. However, research on component interoperability in the past by and large has been focused more on the structural similarities and behavioral interactions between architectural artifacts or between low-level library routines. In this paper, we present an approach to assessing components' behavioral interoperability, with the consideration of the stakeholders' goals which the source components were intended to help achieve. More specifically, we present rules for translating descriptions of stakeholders' goals, together with operations of components and their interactions, into declarative specifications, which are amenable to automatic analysis or automatic generation of visual displays of their execution model. This analysis and visual example will help assess whether the behavior of the assembled components helps, or hurts, the goals of the stakeholders of such assembled components. A Home Appliance Control System is used as a running example to illustrate the approach.
Feeding the vegan infant and child.

Nutrients that may be deficient in diets of vegetarian infants and preschoolers and that affect growth and development are energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, riboflavin, and vitamins B-12 and D. Reasons for these nutrient deficiencies include: (a) limited volumetric capacity of the stomach of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers; (b) low-caloric-density foods eaten by vegans; (c) limited food choices; and (d) restriction of number of meals and snacks eaten by vegan children. Suggestions are made for meeting the energy and nutrient needs of infants and children within the food ways of their families.
Spatial Interaction and Geographic Theory

Since the advent of the so-called quantitative revolution in geography, there has been an ever-increasing interest in theory construction. One question frequently raised in discussion is whether or not human geography possesses a group of theories that are distinct from economic, political, or social theory. Frequently such notions as central place theory or the gravity model are propounded as support for the fact that theorising is a valid activity for geographers.
Prospective Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) Versus Standard Imaging in Gynecologic Oncology

Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an optic filtration enhancement for endoscopy that uses two wavelengths of light (415 and 540 nm) to highlight superficial microvascular patterns. It has been successfully utilized to improve identification of lesions with abnormal vasculature, which is associated with endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Case studies suggest it may also facilitate surgical staging of gynecologic cancer, which is critical in determining appropriate adjuvant therapies. A technology that enhances the ability to identify metastatic disease during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) could make an important difference in patient outcomes. A prospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate patients with clinical indication for diagnostic or operative laparoscopy. All received white light imaging followed by NBI during the same procedure. Suspicious lesions were examined and photographed, using both modalities, before excision. The two techniques were compared. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy in identifying histologically confirmed metastatic lesions were assessed, using appropriate statistical methods. Of 124 patients enrolled in the study, 94 were evaluable; 30 did not undergo MIS and were therefore excluded. A significantly higher number of peritoneal abnormalities were identified with NBI versus white light imaging (P = 0.0239). However, no statistically significant difference (P = 0.18, patient level) was observed in identification of histologically confirmed metastatic disease. NBI imaging provides a unique contrast between peritoneal surface and microvascular patterns. However, the results of this study suggest that NBI-enhanced laparoscopy does not provide superior detection of peritoneal surface malignancy compared with standard white light high-definition laparoscopy.
The evolution of magnetocaloric heat-pump devices

Magnetocaloric heat pumps (MHPs) use the solid-state magnetocaloric effect (MCE) to move heat from cold to hot using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid. Work input is required to drive the MCE via a change in a magnetic field. Work input is also required to drive the heat-transfer fluid flow. Thus design of a MHP involves the coupling of materials, magnetics, heat transfer, and fluid flow. We discuss design principles and operational devices that have brought this technology toward technical feasibility, and the approaches to overcome remaining hurdles to commercial feasibility.
Growth, Inequality and Tunnel Effects: A Formal Mode

Hirschman and Rothschild’s (Q J Econ 87(4):544–566, 1973) tunnel effect refers to the propensity for individuals to be pleased by the success of others if they believe this signals an improvement in their own prospects. According to the current literature, tunnel effects may offset the utility losses from increases in peer income levels and income inequality. I develop a simple model of tunnel effects to evaluate these two channels of influence. The analysis confirms that tunnel effects create a positive link between happiness and economic growth. In contrast, rising income inequality generates a tunnel effect that increases the happiness of the rich but decreases happiness among the poor. The analysis confirms Hirschman and Rothschild’s informal analysis indicating that that tunnel effects may increase the happiness of the poor in the case of uneven development that involves both growth and rising income inequality. The model also highlights the differential impact of tunnel effects across age and income groups within the population. I close by discussing the model’s implications for empirical investigations of tunnel effects.
Sizing lipid droplets from adult and geriatric mouse liver tissue via nanoparticle tracking analysis

The significance of lipid droplets in lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and regulating longevity is increasingly recognized, yet the lipid droplet’s unique properties and architecture make it difficult to size and study using conventional methods. To begin to address this issue, we demonstrate the capabilities of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) for sizing of lipid droplets. NTA was found to be adequate to assess lipid droplet stability over time, indicating that lipid droplet preparations are stable for up to 24 h. NTA had the ability to compare the size distributions of lipid droplets from adult and geriatric mouse liver tissue, suggesting an age-related decrease in lipid droplet size. This is the first report on the use of NTA to size intracellular organelles.
The Remedial Authority of Hearing and Review Officers under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

This article synthesizes the case law and other primary legal authority that establishes the boundaries for hearing/review officer remedies under the IDEA.
Contemporary Differences in Rates and Trends of Homicide Among European Nations

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of contemporary differences in rates and trends in intentional homicide rates in Europe between 1990 and 2008. The analysis is based on data from the European Sourcebook, United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and Operations of the Criminal Justice System (UNCS), and the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality statistics as well as on published reports (e.g., http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained 2010; International statistics on crime and justice, 2010; European report on preventing violence and knife crime among young people, 2010). First, European homicide rates are placed in a global context, followed by comparisons between individual European countries and between European country clusters based on an elaboration of Esping-Andersen’s (The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990) typology of welfare states. The chapter also discusses citizenship (immigration status), gender, age, and weapon selection related to homicide in Europe.
The Educational Approach to Social Skills Training in Marriage and Family Intervention

The delivery of mental health services has long been based on a system modelled after methods used by physicians. Criticisms of this so called “medical model” have emerged repeatedly over several decades (McLeMore & Benjamin, 1979; Miller, 1969; Sanford, 1955). Recently a clear conceptual alternative to the medical model has been outlined in a series of related articles by Guerney and associates (Guerney, Stollak & Guerney, 1970; Guerney, Stollak & Guerney, 1971; Guerney, Guerney & Stollak, 1973). The central theme of these papers has been to suggest that an “educational” alternative to the medical model is needed. The educational model can be defined as a systematic attempt to teach personal and interpersonal attitudes and skills which individuals can apply to solve present and future psychological problems and to enhance their satisfaction with life (Guerney et al., 1971). Shifts in conceptual orientation needed to adopt the educational model as well as methods used to apply the model are outlined below.
STUDIES OF THE CONFORMATION IN SOLUTION OF MOLECULES RELATED TO ACETYLCHOLINE

Acetylcholine (AcCh) plays an essential role in the transmission of the nerve impulse, presumably by inducing a conformational change in the receptor biopolymer to which it is attached, thus altering the cation permeability of excitable membranes [1]. It has also been proposed that local anesthetics might block nerve conduction through attachment to axonal AcCh receptors [2].
Private Water and Economic Regulation in the United States

The water industry in the United States exhibits complex structural features. Compared with other public utilities, and despite substantial capital investment needs, the water industry in the US continues to be dominated by public ownership - as it does in most corners of the world. The reality of [privatization[ in the form of expanded ownership or operation of water supply assets does not seem to match the rhetoric. Effective economic regulation is a necessary but insufficient condition for private involvement in the water sector because of water's monopolistic character, reinforced by other market imperfections. Expansion of the private role may depend on the industry's ability to demonstrate clear economic advantages, regulatory and other policy reforms, and political and public acceptance.
Constraints and Coordination in Whole-Body Actions

Publisher Summary This chapter presents several analytical models that explore the way different constraints, or sets of constraints, can account for coordination and goal achievement in whole-body actions performed by standing subjects. These models are important because they enable multidimensional coordinative patterns to be quantitatively analyzed. The engineering-based approaches have adopted impedance-based models for controlling joint motion and equilibrium during standing. While scientists generally agree that some kinds of constraints mediate coordinated action in systems with many degrees of freedom, less agreement exists about the precise nature, level, and mechanisms by which constraints emerge or are imposed. It seems likely that future investigations into the mechanisms of coordination during whole-body actions will increasingly combine analytical and empirical methodologies.
'Nothing about me without me': investigating the health information access needs of adolescent patients

This forum is dedicated to personal health in all its many facets: decision making, goal setting, celebration, discovery, reflection, and coordination, among others. We look at innovations in interactive technologies and how they help address current critical healthcare challenges. --- Yunan Chen, Editor
Velocity-Modulation Infrared Laser Spectroscopy of Molecular Anions

The velocity-modulation technique has been used with colour-centre lasers and diode lasers throughout the vibrational infrared region to measure high-resolution vibration-rotation spectra of fundamental anions.
Functional characterization of MUC17 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells

1938 Mucin glycoproteins are implicated in various cancer types and are being actively studied due to their deregulated expression patterns, which can differentiate normal tissues from their malignant counterparts. Of particular interest is our recently characterized mucin 17 (MUC17), a membrane-anchored glycoprotein that is normally expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. We have reported that MUC17 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic tumor cells and tumor cell lines with no expression detected in the normal pancreas or in benign pancreatitis tissues (Moniaux N., et al. 2006, 281, 23676-23685). Therefore, our working hypothesis is that MUC17 is implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. The MUC17 gene encodes a message of 14.4 Kb. Due to the large size of MUC17, a retroviral system was used to express a stable MUC17-specific RNAi that knocked down expression in the MUC17 expressing AsPC-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. Both single colony clones and clonal populations of knock-down cells were assessed alongside parental AsPC-1 or AsPC-1 cells expressing a stable scrambled RNAi sequence. MUC17 knocked down cell lines displayed increased growth kinetics with reduced doubling time. Adhesion to cell culture surface was similar between knock-down and control populations; however, an increased motility was observed in the absence of MUC17 (motility and wound-healing assays). Knock-down and control population cell lines showed similar aggregation in hanging drop aggregation assays. No difference was observed in tests for clonogenic potential or in soft agar assays for tumorigenic potential. Xenotransplantation of the AsPC-1 cell line/model produces tumors with differentiation ranging from well to poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. In the absence of MUC17, increased tumor weights were observed; however, no statistical difference between clonal populations of parental and knock-down (p=.1967) or scrambled and knock-down (p=.3772) cell lines was detected due to a large variance among tumor weights. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results show that the absence of MUC17 in the AsPC-1 pancreatic model results in a pattern of increased tumorigenic potential. MUC17 expression in pancreatic cancer may therefore be an attempt to prevent tumorigenic growth or could be a surrogate consequence of altered signaling pathways in the cancerous state. The potential for MUC17 to mediate adhesion while conveying outside signals to the intracellular machinery is great. Microarray analysis and mechanistic study of scrambled versus knock-down populations will be performed. Additionally, a pancreas-specific mouse model, in which K-Ras is genetically inactivated and results in pancreatic cancer, is under development. The model will be used to assess the role of the MUC17 mouse homologue mMUC17 (work, in part, was supported by the NIH grants UO1 CA 111294 and T32 CA09476).
A real-time framework for kinodynamic planning in dynamic environments with application to quadrotor obstacle avoidance

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a full-stack, real-time motion planning framework for kinodynamic robots and then show how it is applied and demonstrated on a physical quadrotor system operating in a laboratory environment. The proposed framework utilizes an offline–online computation paradigm, neighborhood classification through machine learning, sampling-based motion planning with an optimal cost distance metric, and trajectory smoothing to achieve real-time planning for aerial vehicles. This framework accounts for dynamic obstacles with an event-based replanning structure and a locally reactive control layer that minimizes replanning events. The approach is demonstrated on a quadrotor navigating moving obstacles in an indoor space and stands as, arguably, one of the first demonstrations of full-online kinodynamic motion planning, with execution cycles of 3 Hz to 5 Hz. For the quadrotor, a simplified dynamics model is used during the planning phase to accelerate online computation. A trajectory smoothing phase, which leverages the differentially flat nature of quadrotor dynamics, is then implemented to guarantee a dynamically feasible trajectory.
Global Health Outreach by United States Ophthalmology Residency Programs: Understanding of Host Country Systems-Based Practice.

Introduction For medical residents, global health outreach is the first experience of learning how to develop partnerships with foreign medical systems. The overall objective of this project was to develop an overview of global health programs in U.S. ophthalmology residencies. The investigation focused on characterizing the goals and services offered, the didactics taught to residents, and the program director's understanding of systems-based practice gained in the host country. Materials and methods An online survey was sent to all U.S. ophthalmology residency program directors. The two outcome measures of the study were characterization of global health outreach and didactics completed by U.S. ophthalmology residency programs and review of program director understanding of host country systems of care. Results Twelve program directors of 117 (10.26%) answered the survey. 100% of programs from the Department of Defense responded. Countries served included Ecuador, Panama, Honduras, Dominican Republic, India, Tanzania, Nepal, Bhutan, Guatemala, Micronesia, Haiti, Mongolia, Bolivia. Sixty five percent worked at a free-standing public hospital. Many programs offered resident participation with only 41.87% giving residents ACGME credit. Most programs (91.67%) offered fewer than 5 hours of global health didactics. When program directors were asked about their knowledge of host country systems of care, most noted understanding of the hospital functions like the referral system, transitions of care, hospital funding, and medical supply chain, but not of the perception of patients with chronic or congenital ophthalmic diseases, host country general or ophthalmic medical education, patient research safeguards and host country malpractice system. Conclusion From the small sample of program directors, Ophthalmology residency program global health outreach varies in faculty and resident participation, and in goals and services offered. In addition, there was a wide variation in ophthalmology program director understanding of host country systems of care.
Practice, Knowledge and Needs of Occupational Therapy Practitioners Providing Services to Parents with Physical Impairments: A Pilot Study.

AbstractThis survey study describes practice patterns, knowledge, skills, resources, and needs of occupational therapy practitioners providing services to parents with physical impairments. Partici...
Extramacrochaete promotes branch and bouton number via the sequestration of Daughterless in the cytoplasm of neurons.

The class I basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) proteins are highly conserved transcription factors that are ubiquitously expressed. A wealth of literature on class I bHLH proteins have shown that these proteins must homodimerize or heterodimerize with tissue specific HLH proteins in order to bind DNA at E box (CANNTG) consensus sequences to control tissue specific transcription. Due to its ubiquitous expression, class I bHLH proteins are also extensively regulated post-translationally, mostly through dimerization. Previously, we reported that in addition to its role in promoting neurogenesis, the class I bHLH protein Daughterless also functions in mature neurons to restrict axon branching and synapse number. Here, we show that part of the molecular logic that specifies how Daughterless functions in neurogenesis is also conserved in neurons. We show that the type V HLH protein Extramacrochaete binds to and represses Daughterless function by sequestering Daughterless to the cytoplasm. This work provides initial insights into the mechanisms underlying the function of Daughterless and Extramacrochatae in neurons while providing a novel understanding of how Extramacrochaetae functions to restricts Daughterless activity within the cell.