cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Evaluation of Eustachian Tube Mechanical Properties Using Continuous Pressure–Flow Rate Data

Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction has been implicated in the development of chronic otitis media, a common childhood disorder. An impaired ability to open the collapsible ET results in fluid accumulation in the middle ear and subsequent infection and inflamation. Abnormal ET function has been casually related to an abnormal mechanical environment. Previous attempts to quantify ET mechanics used summary measures that are not clearly related to the physical properties of the system. In this study, we modified a testing technique to obtain pressure and flow rate measurements in the ET and analyzed these data with a simple model of airflow in a collapsible tube. This model is based on fully developed flow in a noncircular duct and a nonlinear, time-dependent pressure–area relationship. The ability of this model to capture the observed pressure–flow phenomena was demonstrated in 12 cynomolgus monkeys. Correlation between model and experimental data resulted in quantitative estimates of ET compliance and wall viscosity. This technique, which can be implemented in a clinical setting, provides a more accurate description of ET mechanics and may, therefore, prove to be an important diagnostic tool. Future studies will use this technique to quantify the influence of various physiological parameters on ET mechanics. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Multi-layered activity cycle diagrams and their conversion into activity-based simulation code

Activity cycle diagrams (ACDs) have long been used for the representation of the flow of entities within discrete-event systems. They can be used to manually simulate systems and their description serves as the basis for automatically generating activity-based simulation code. Although activity-based approaches are cited as one of the easiest ways to model systems their proliferation has been hindered by concerns of efficiency, support, and flexibility. In this paper, these concerns are addressed as well as simulation methods that support the multi-layered ACDs to assist in overcoming these issues.
Characterization of calcium oscillations in normal and benzo[a]pyrene-treated clone 9 cells.

2 oscillations upon oxytocin or vaso- pressin treatment. The range of frequencies (maximum 110 mHz) was dependent on agonist concentration with a constant ampli- tude less than or equal to the amount of Ca 2 generated from the inositol trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive pool. This study examined contributions of extracellular and intracellular pools to the fre- quency of Ca 2 oscillations and the role of membrane channels, second messengers, and different pharmacological reagents on the regulation of oscillation frequency in both control and BaP-treated cells. Results indicated that the Ca 2
Estimation of gene flow into fragmented populations of Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) in the dry-forest life zone of Puerto Rico.

We examined the impact of habitat fragmentation on gene flow in populations of the neotropical tree Bursera simaruba .I n particular, we compared the effectiveness of three common techniques to estimate gene flow in the context of a highly disturbed system. Paternity analysis on emerging seedlings from eight small (N ¼ 3 to 9) stands of trees showed that between 45% and 100% of seedlings were sired from outside their stand, indicating pollen moved readily over the isolation distances examined. Based on six populations of 21–24 trees each, estimates of allozyme genetic diversity (Ps ¼73.3%; He ¼0.244) were higher than those reported for species with similar life history traits. Indirect, FST-based gene flow estimates for these six populations yielded an estimate of 3.57 migrants per generation, although possible violations of model assumptions limit the reliability of the estimate. A twogener analysis showed pollen moved either 320 m or 361 m and that there were only 2.46 effective pollen donors per maternal tree. Despite the potential for long-distance pollen movement, seed abortion was high, especially in stands with fewer than four trees. Population size, rather than isolation distance, appears to limit reproduction in the populations examined.
Microwave synthesizer using an on-chip Brillouin oscillator

Low-phase-noise microwave oscillators are important to a wide range of subjects, including communications, radar and metrology. Photonic-based microwave-wave sources now provide record, close-to-carrier phase-noise performance, and compact sources using microcavities are available commercially. Photonics-based solutions address a challenging scaling problem in electronics, increasing attenuation with frequency. A second scaling challenge, however, is to maintain low phase noise in reduced form factor and even integrated systems. On this second front, there has been remarkable progress in the area of microcavity devices with large storage time (high optical quality factor). Here we report generation of highly coherent microwaves using a chip-based device that derives stability from high optical quality factor. The device has a record low electronic white-phase-noise floor for a microcavity-based oscillator and is used as the optical, voltage-controlled oscillator in the first demonstration of a photonic-based, microwave frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer performance is comparable to mid-range commercial devices.
Covariability of Components of Poleward Atmospheric Energy Transports on Seasonal and Interannual Timescales

Abstract Vertically integrated atmospheric energy and heat budgets are presented with a focus on the zonal mean transports and divergences of dry static energy, latent energy, their sum (the moist static energy), and the total (which includes kinetic energy), as well as their partitioning into the within-month transient and quasi-stationary components. The latter includes the long-term mean and interannual variability from 1979 to 2001 and, in the Tropics, corresponds to the large-scale overturning global monsoon and the embedded Hadley and Walker circulations. In the extratropics, it includes the quasi-stationary planetary waves, which are primarily a factor in the Northern Hemisphere winter. In addition to the mean annual cycle, results are presented for the interannual variability. In the extratropics, poleward transports of both latent and dry static energy reinforce one another. However, the results highlight strong cancellations between the transports of latent and dry static energy in the Tropics a...
Analysis of Transient Pressures in Bubbly, Homogeneous, Gas-Liquid Mixtures

Flow of a gas-liquid mixture in a piping system may be treated as a pseudo-fluid flow if the mixture is homogeneous and the void fraction is small. The governing equations for such flows are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations with pressure dependent coefficients. Shocks may be produced during transient state conditions. For numerical integration of these equations, two second-order explicit finite-difference shemes are introduced
Light-induced transmission changes in liquid crystal displays for adaptive pattern projection

The changes in the transmission and contrast properties of a super-twisted nematic liquid crystal display panel, induced by the light impinging on the panel itself, have been studied. Upon illumination by laser radiation with power density close to that used in practice, the transmittance of the panel increases or decreases according to the brightness voltage that sets the transmittance level. The dynamics of the transmittance change are typically bi-exponential, with a shorter decay time on the order of a fraction of a second and a longer decay on the order of tens of seconds. The observed changes were interpreted and modeled by considering local temperature changes in the crystal because of the light impinging on it. The temperature changes produce a shift of the transmittance curve and a change of slope in its central region. The presence of the dip after the Frederickzs region accounts for the anomalous behavior of the transmittance in that portion of brightness voltages. >
Interannual, Monthly, and Regional Variability in the Wet Season Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Convective systems in sub-Saharan Africa were defined from measurements by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite Microwave Imager at 85 GHz for four wet seasons, May–September 1998–2001. By applying a convective–stratiform discrimination algorithm to each convective system, the pixels within were designated as convective or stratiform cloud, life cycle ages assigned, and rainfall rates calculated. The years 1998 and 1999 were wetter than the long-term (1898–2000) mean, while 2000 and 2001 were drier. The wetter years had about 10% more convective systems than the drier years, but the size and intensity distributions for the wetter and drier years were virtually identical. The wet season diurnal cycle of precipitation in the study area varied regionally, intraseasonally, and interannually. Analysis of precipitation versus time revealed different diurnal cycles for each of the three 10° zones south of the Sahara Desert. The diurnal cycle was bimodal north of 10°N and unimodal south of 1...
THE DIRECTION OF TRANSVERSE DRIFT OF ACTIVELY FORMING OSTEONS IN HUMAN RIB CORTEX.

In this paper the direction of transverse drift of those actively forming osteons which show drift was quantitated with respect to: (1) per cent drifting toward the marrow cavity, (2) per cent drifting toward periosteum, and (3) per cent drifting intermediately. It was found that approximately 71 per cent of all drifting osteons drift toward the marrow cavity. This value was not related to age or sex. On the basis of these results it was postulated that some agent in the marrow cavity favors a negative cortical endosteal bone balance, that some agent at the periosteal surface favors a positive periosteal bone balance, or that both factors are involved.
Analyzing Effects and Implications of Regulating Charitable Hybrid Forms as Charitable Trusts: Round Peg and Square Hole?

One of the principle motivating forces driving the creation, expansion, and use of new formal hybrid business structures is a desire among entrepreneurs, investors/funders, and policymakers to dedicate financial capital and other resources to areas of society that might not be as clearly or easily pursued under traditional forms. People are seeing opportunities to address social problems in new and different ways with financial resources, business models, and compensation structures and incentives not normally targeted to such problems with the same vigor, if at all. They have wanted clearer and simpler legal contexts within which to pursue their purposes and help others do likewise.As a result, new business forms have emerged such as benefit corporations, flexible purpose corporations, and low profit limited liability companies. As with most things new, there are accompanying questions and ambiguities. Among the most notable and troubling for these forms and their use is how to regulate them and what impact such regulation may have on operations. One approach seeks to subject them to charitable trust laws, but that approach is likely to have substantial negative (and avoidable) consequences for these forms and those who engage with them, including the following: • restraints on how or even whether charitable hybrids distribute profits and allocate appreciated property.• restrained flexibility to change either their purposes or operations in light of models or tactics that seem to be succeeding or failing;• fewer avenues for merging, terminating, or disposing of assets, which could restrict or even extinguish certain exit strategies for funders; and• restricted capacity to compensate managers and other insiders, especially if they are also investors.Fortunately, it is not required that charitable hybrids be uniformly treated as charitable trusts, and there are sound arguments against doing so, not the least of which is that such a construction could effectively nullify the statutes, which could not have been the legislative or gubernatorial intent. More importantly, strong alternatives exist for addressing legitimate regulatory concerns, including the prevention of fundraising scams and protecting the credibility of the charitable sector and the integrity of when and how charitable trust law applies. These alternatives could actually broaden the available oversight, causes of action, remedies, and consequences for failure to abide by charitability requirements of the new forms.
Conservatism of the H-Y/H-W receptor.

Soluble H-Y antigen is taken up by cells of the homogametic gonad of cattle, dog, chicken and South African clawed frog. After in vitro exposure to mouse testis supernatant or male fetal calf serum, XX ovary cells or ZZ testis cells, which are normally H-Y-, acquire the H-Y+ (H-W+) phenotype and absorb mouse H-Y antibody in standard serological assays. In addition, H-Y antigens of the different species can compete for attachment to target cells of a single species. In a new competitive binding radioassay, uptake of tritiated human H-Y is blocked in XX bovine fetal ovarian cells exposed to non-labeled H-Y of mouse or fetal bull. Because H-Y antigens of the different species are cross-reactive serologically, positive reaction of H-Y from one species with gonadal cells of another signifies structural conservatism of the H-Y/H-W gonadal “receptor”. It follows that establishment of the H-Y/H-W-receptor complex is a common and critical early event in primary sex differentiation of the vertebrates, directing the initially indifferent embryonic gonad towards the heterogametic mode, which may be testicular or ovarian, depending on the species.
Blood respiratory gases, lactate, and pyruvate during thermal stress in the chicken.

SummaryArterial blood pO2, pCO2, pH, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations were measured in chickens at normal body temperature and at temperatures of 43, 44, and 45°C. A decrease in pCO2 and increases in the other components were observed. It was concluded that acute anoxia was not the cause of thermal death in chickens.
Anticonvulsant properties of procaine, cocaine, adiphenine and related structures.

SummaryFive compounds—procaine hydrochloride, cocaine hydrochloride, adiphenine (Trasentine), β- (o-benzylphenoxy) -α-diethyl-amino-ethane, and Parpanit—the chemical structures of which have a dialkylaminoalkyl linked via Q, N or C to an aryl or aralkyl radical, were tested in mice for neurotoxicity and for ability to modify maximal electro-shock seizures. In addition, procaine, cocaine, and Trasentine were tested for ability to modify maximal Metrazol seizures and to prevent postictal depression (anticoma effect). For comparison, two compounds (diethylami-noethanol and Antrenyl), the chemical structures of which only partially comply with the above structural prerequisites, were tested only for neurotoxicity and for ability to modify maximal electroshock seizures. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. Procaine, cocaine, and Trasentine prevent the tonic-extensor component of maximal electroshock seizures in non-toxic doses and exert an anticoma effect in doses near the toxic level. All 3 a...
Two-step reconstruction process for microwave tomography without a priori information

While our log transform reconstruction algorithm provides significant advantages over competing algorithms because of its ability to converge to a unique, global solution without utilizing a priori information, the process still requires a modest amount of regularization which naturally tends to smooth the image and sometimes blur important features. We have integrated this overall technique with a novel 2-step reconstruction to produce significantly improved images with respect to feature definition without inducing unwanted artifacts. The critical challenge in this scenario is determining the regularization parameter for the Euclidean distance penalty term in the second step. In this case, because the algorithm is quite fast, the regularization term is computed using a simple linear search. Initial phantom experiment results indicate that targets as small as 5mm diameter are detectable and that the algorithm behaves as an efficient estimator according to standard parameter estimation metrics for a wide range of targets. Results also suggest that there are equally significant improvements in reconstructions from actual patient exams.
The Future of Automation in Hematology

As laboratory examinations play an ever greater role in modern diagnosis and in monitoring therapy, it is obviously desirable to have the most useful tests selected for performance and automation. The questions that need to be addressed in this connection are: Who should determine the selection? What have been the usual determinants of test selection in the past? Can the process of selection and automation be influenced at all?
Comparison of In Vivo Gene Expression Profiling of RPE/Choroid following Intravitreal Injection of Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone Acetonide

Purpose. To identify retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid genes and their relevant expression pathways affected by intravitreal injections of dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide in mice at clinically relevant time points for patient care. Methods. Differential gene expression of over 34,000 well-characterized mouse genes in the RPE/choroid of 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice was analyzed after intravitreal steroid injections at 1 week and 1 month postinjection, using Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays. The data were analyzed using GeneSpring GX 12.5 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) microarray analysis software for biologically relevant changes. Results. Both triamcinolone and dexamethasone caused differential activation of genes involved in "Circadian Rhythm Signaling" pathway at both time points tested. Triamcinolone (TAA) uniquely induced significant changes in gene expression in "Calcium Signaling" (1 week) and "Glutamate Receptor Signaling" pathways (1 month). In contrast, dexamethasone (Dex) affected the "GABA Receptor Signaling" (1 week) and "Serotonin Receptor Signaling" (1 month) pathways. Understanding how intraocular steroids affect the gene expression of RPE/choroid is clinically relevant. Conclusions. This in vivo study has elucidated several genes and pathways that are potentially altering the circadian rhythms and several other neurotransmitter pathways in RPE/choroid during intravitreal steroid injections, which likely has consequences in the dysregulation of RPE function and neurodegeneration of the retina.
Kant’s Racism

After a long period of comparative neglect, in the last few decades growing numbers of philosophers have been paying attention to the startling contrast presented between Kant’s universal moral the...
A new apparatus for the measurement of force-frequency effect of crystal resonators

Abstract We describe an apparatus for the measurement of the force-frequency effect of crystal resonators. The force-frequency effect is the correlation between the force put on the crystal resonator and the relative resonant frequency of the resonator to the input force. The new apparatus has been designed and manufactured to measure the force sensitivity coefficient K f (m s/N), which relates to parameters such as crystal geometry, orientation angle, and force direction (azimuth angle). The new loading device has a better force resolution and is simpler to adjust for force alignment than traditional level-loading devices. In order to validate this new loading device, sample experiment tests have been performed, and a comparison of the experiment outcomes with peers’ measurement results show a good agreement.
Association among Maternal Obesity, Cervical Length, and Preterm Birth.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine if mid-trimester cervical length is associated with the inverse relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) at delivery and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort of women with a singleton pregnancy without prior SPTB who underwent routine transvaginal cervical length assessment between 18 and 24 weeks. Women were categorized into four BMI groups: (1) 18.5 to 24.9, (2) 25 to 29.9, (3) 30 to 34.9, and (4) ≥ 35 kg/m2. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine whether BMI group was associated with SPTB at < 37, 34, or 32 weeks independent of the cervical length. Results Of the 18,100 women in this analysis, 43.5% had a BMI ≥ 30. In univariable analysis, increasing BMI group was associated with longer cervical length but not with cervical length < 10th percentile. SPTB at < 37, 35, and 32 weeks was less common among women with higher BMI. In multivariable regression, a higher BMI group was associated with a lower frequency of SPTB at 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] of 0.64, 0.68, and 0.51), at 34 weeks (aORs of 0.53, 0.54, and 0.31) and at 32 weeks (aORs of 0.47, 0.60, and 0.27) for BMI groups 2 to 4, respectively. This association persisted even when cervical length was entered into the model as a covariate. Conclusion Women with a higher BMI group had longer mid-trimester cervical length, and correspondingly reduced SPTB. However, the decreased risk of SPTB was not associated with cervical length. The reason for the potential protective effect from prematurity is unknown and its mechanisms require further investigation.
Dissociated reabsorption of phosphate and bicarbonate in the post-obstructed dog kidney.

A parallel relationship exists between the absorption of phosphate and bicarbonate in the normal kidney (Table I). A number of maneuvers which inhibit phosphate absorption also inhibit absorption of bicarbonate such as volume expansion (1–3), parathyroid extract (2), parathyroid hormone (1), cAMP (4) and hypocalcemia (5). On the other hand, those maneuvers which enhance phosphate absorption also enhance bicarbonate absorption such as renal hypoperfusion (6), aortic constriction (7), parathyroidectomy (2), hypercalcemia (2) and vitamin D (8). The nature of the parallelism between phosphate and bicarbonate absorption is not known but it may be the result of a relation between the absorption of each of these anions to the absorption of sodium and water in the proximal tubule, since many of the maneuvers discussed above alter sodium absorption in a parallel fashion.
Experimental study on the effects of humidity and temperature on aerogel composite and foam insulations

Abstract Building insulation materials have been subjected to various temperature and humidity conditions and their thermal performance during several weeks of controlled environmental exposure. Several commercially available insulation materials (three aerogel composite blankets, two extruded polystyrene foams (XPS) and one blown polyurethane foam (PUR)) were evaluated. The purpose is to compare performance of newer types (aerogel composites) with established types (foams). Thermal conductivity was measured with a heat flow metering apparatus at one week intervals for five weeks. Insulations were exposed to conditions of 65.6 °C and 90% RH, 65.6 °C and 60% RH, 65.6 °C and 30% RH, and 32.2 °C and 90% RH. Results indicate that humidity levels play a significant role in PUR performance, but not a significant role in XPS performance. The three aerogel composites have mixed results: one has little relationship between moisture content and thermal performance, one is strongly affected by moisture and the remaining is moderately affected by moisture. Fourier infrared spectrometry was performed on some of the materials to observe chemical stability. Results indicate that factors other than moisture content, such as hygroscopy and volume expansion, significantly contribute to thermal performance.
Causal Reasoning in a Real Time Expert System

ESCORT (Expert System for Complex Operations in Real Time) is an expert system that deals with the problem of cognitive overload experienced by operators of process plant. The system analyses the plant data to identify control and instrumentation failures and provides the operator with advice on crisis handling and avoidance.
Effect of nanoclay and graphene inclusions on the low-velocity impact resistance of Kevlar-epoxy laminated composites

Abstract This experimental study shows the effectiveness of geometries (1D and 2D) and surface energies of nanofillers on the impact resistance, damage tolerance and environmental degradation resistance of Kevlar fiber-reinforced Epoxy (KE) composites. In this study, nanofillers up to 10 wt% were added to 70/30 vol% 16-ply KE composites. Impact tests were performed on the composites using a low-velocity impactor, followed by damage area analysis using the C-scan technique. Drop weight tests were performed with the weight of 6.27 kg and 32 J of potential energy. The damaged test panels were exposed to ultraviolet light and moisture for 0, 4 and 8 days. Then water contact angles around the damaged area of each damaged composite panel were measured. Analysis showed that nanoclay (NC) is more effective than graphene (G) in impact resistance (26.9% increase vs 7.5% increase) and the absorption of impact energy (15% increase vs 11.37% decrease). The penetration analysis showed that nanoclay is better at preventing penetration than graphene. The damage area analysis showed the risk mitigation of catastrophic damage with the inclusion of nanofillers, especially NC, due to high impact and penetration resistance which resulted from the uniform distribution of NC and high packing density of NC-filled composites.
Mott glass from localization and confinement

We study a system of fermions in one spatial dimension with linearly confining interactions and short-range disorder. We focus on the zero temperature properties of this system, which we characterize using bosonization and the Gaussian variational method. We compute the static compressibility and ac conductivity, and thereby demonstrate that the system is incompressible, but exhibits gapless optical conductivity. This corresponds to a "Mott-glass" state, distinct from an Anderson and a fully gapped Mott insulator, arising due to the interplay of disorder and charge confinement. We argue that this "Mott-glass" phenomenology should persist to non-zero temperatures.
A novel approach to synthesize micrometer-sized porous silicon as a high performance anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Porous structured silicon (p-Si) has been recognized as one of the most promising anodes for Li-ion batteries. However, many available methods to synthesize p-Si are difficult to scale up due to their high production cost. Here we introduce a new approach to obtain spherical micrometer-sized silicon with unique porous structure by using a microemulsion of the cost-effective of silica nanoparticles and magnesiothermic reduction method. The spherical micron-sized p-Si particles prepared by this approach consist of highly aligned nano-sized silicon and exhibit a tap density close to that of bulk Si particles. They have demonstrated significantly improved electrochemical stability compared to nano-Si. Well controlled void space and a highly graphitic carbon coating on the p-Si particles enable good stability of the structure and low overall resistance, thus resulting in a Si-based anode with high capacity (~1467 mAh g−1 at 2.6 A g−1), enhanced cycle life (370 cycles with 83% capacity retention), and high rate capability (~650 mAh g−1 at 11A g−1). This approach may also be generalized to prepare other hierarchical structured high capacity anode materials for constructing high energy density lithium ion batteries.
Procedures for measuring accuracy and sensitivity of immunochemical pregnancy test kits.

7 immunochemical methods are currently available for measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) which is secreted during pregnancy reaching its highest level during the 1st trimester: 1) latex agglutination inhibition (LAI) 2) hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) 3) direct latex agglutination (DLA) and 4) radioimmunoassay (RIA). In a study of 5 commercial immunochemical pregnancy kits it was concluded that the HAI kits were more accurate and sensitive than the LAI or DLA kits. The need for a standardized transferrable analytical method for evaluating kit performance was expressed by the Food and Drug Administration and by increased over-the-counter sales of these products. This paper presents protocols developed for testing the performance of these kits including the following aspects: accuracy and sensitivity determination test procedures for HAI LAI and DLA apparatus and reagents. A test was performed on 206 assorted lots of kits with the following results: 1) none of the 98 HAI kits gave false positive or false negative results 2) the LAI kits gave 24 false and 3 inconclusive results 3) the mean level of HCG detected by HAI kits was below that obtained with LAI and DLA kits; thus the HAI detects pregnancy at an earlier stage 4) average sensitivity of all kits tested was greater than or equal to that claimed by the manufacturer 5) denaturation of the antisera may enhance the sensitivity and given an increase of false positive reactions 6) low concentrations or HCG standard in dilute solutions were unstable due to absorption of HCG on glass surfaces 7) erroneous results can be caused by HCG secreted in hydatidiform moles choriocarcinoma and certain tumors ectopic pregnancy and protein in the urine 8) data from repeat analyses could be misleading and 9) reagents should be visually inspected before use to detect bad reagents.
Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

The development of wireless communication technology and portable computing devices has led to mobile and ubiquitous computing, which has many applications from intelligent environmental control and smart home appliances, to interactive workspaces, mobile patient-care systems, context-aware tourist guides, and smart classrooms. In this article, an overview of mobile and ubiquitous computing is presented. The current state of research is summarized as follows wireless ad hoc networks, context-and situation-awareness in mobile and ubiquitous computing environments, and techniques for developing mobile and ubiquitous computing software. Keywords: mobile computing; ubiquitous computing; wireless ad hoc networks; context-awareness/situation-awareness; middleware; software development; human-computer interaction; context and situation modeling
Hiring collection managers: opportunities for collection managers and their institutions and allies

ABSTRACTCollection management staff has emerged in museums, libraries, and archives over the last forty years to manage risks to preservation, monitor and maintain compliance with legal and ethical standards for collections, and serve as collection project managers. But their role ultimately serves to protect not only the collections, but also the institution’s reputation as a steward of cultural heritage. For a role that fulfils the organization’s responsibility to sustaining its mission-based collections, refining the competencies of collection managers in a way that they support hiring and advancement has only been minimally achieved. An analysis of responsibility keywords in seventy-eight collection management position descriptions illustrates unevenness in institutional approach to staffing collection management work in a way that aligns with stewardship goals. The lack of recognition for collection management advanced education and professionalization limits the reach of preventive conservation and ...
Qualitative Radiogenomics: Association Between BI-RADS Calcification Descriptors and Recurrence Risk as Assessed by the Oncotype DX Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Score.

OBJECTIVE. Treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is controversial given the variable recurrence and progression to invasive carcinoma. Identifying women who would benefit from adjuvant radia...
Error-Controlled Lossy Compression Optimized for High Compression Ratios of Scientific Datasets

Today’s scientific simulations require a significant reduction of the data size because of extremely large volumes of data they produce and the limitation of storage bandwidth and space. If the compression is set to reach a high compression ratio, however, the reconstructed data are often distorted too much to tolerate. In this paper, we explore a new compression strategy that can effectively control the data distortion when significantly reducing the data size. The contribution is threefold. (1) We propose an adaptive compression framework to select either our improved Lorenzo prediction method or our optimized linear regression method dynamically in different regions of the dataset. (2) We explore how to select them accurately based on the data features in each block to obtain the best compression quality. (3) We analyze the effectiveness of our solution in details using four real-world scientific datasets with 100+ fields. Evaluation results confirm that our new adaptive solution can significantly improve the rate distortion for the lossy compression with fairly high compression ratios. The compression ratio of our compressor is 1.5X~8X as high as that of two other leading lossy compressors (SZ and ZFP) with the same peak single-to-noise ratio (PSNR), in the high-compression cases. Parallel experiments with 8,192 cores and 24 TB of data shows that our solution obtains 1.86X dumping performance and 1.95X loading performance compared with the second-best lossy compressor, respectively.
Signatures of magnetic-field-driven quantum phase transitions in the entanglement entropy and spin dynamics of the Kitaev honeycomb model

The main question we address is how to probe the fractionalized excitations of a quantum spin liquid (QSL), for example, in the Kitaev honeycomb model. By analyzing the energy spectrum and entanglement entropy, for antiferromagnetic couplings and a field along either [111] or [001], we find a gapless QSL phase sandwiched between the non-Abelian Kitaev QSL and polarized phases. Increasing the field strength towards the polarized limit destroys this intermediate QSL phase, resulting in a considerable reduction in the number of frequency modes and the emergence of a beating pattern in the local dynamical correlations, possibly observable in pump-probe experiments.
Optimal Filter Assignment Policy against Transit-Link Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack

A transit-link distributed denial-of- service (DDoS) attack is a special attack in which the attacker sends out a huge number of requests to exhaust the capacity of a link on the path the traffic comes to a server. As a result, denial-of- service and degradation of Quality-of-Service (QoS) occurs. Because the attack traffic does not go to the victim, protecting the legitimate traffic alone is hard for the victim. With the help of a special type of router called filter router (FR), the victim can protect the legitimate traffic. A FR can receive filter from servers and apply the filter to block a link incident to it. By analyzing traffic rates and paths, the victim can identify some links that may be congested. The victim needs to select some of these possible congested links and send a filter to the corresponding FR so that the legitimate traffic follows non-congested paths. In this paper, we formulate an optimization problem for selecting the minimum number of possible congested links so that the legitimate traffic goes through a non-congested path. We consider the scenario where every user has at least one non- congested shortest path. We transform the problem to the vertex separation problem to find the links to block. We build our own Java multi-threaded simulator and conduct extensive simulations.
An Education Amendment

The chapter is focused on Jefferson’s 1806 State of the Union proposal that the nation should adopt an amendment to the US Constitution for a “public establishment of education.” The discussion centers on the multiple ambiguities that surround Jefferson’s education amendment. Special attention is devoted to the funding mechanisms that Jefferson suggests and how they may illuminate today’s problem of public school funding. A Jeffersonian interpretation of the privatization movement is offered as a means for exposing its moral bankruptcy. To counter this and other neoliberal trends in education, a case is made that the so-called “guarantee clause” of the US Constitution (Article 4, Section 4) should be utilized to protect the republican, civic integrity of public education.
Patient Innovation in Investigating the Effects of Environmental Pollution in Schizophrenia: Case Report of Digital Phenotyping Beyond Apps.

This patient perspective highlights the role of patients in the innovation and codesign of digital mental health technology. Though digital mental health apps have evolved and become highly functional, many still act as data collection silos without adequate support for patients to understand and investigate potentially meaningful inferences in their own data. Few digital health platforms respect the patient’s agency and curiosity, allowing the individual to wear the hat of researcher and data scientist and share their experiences and insight with their clinicians. This case is cowritten with an individual with lived experiences of schizophrenia who has decided to openly share their name and experiences to share with others the methods and results of their curiosity and encourage and inspire others to follow their curiosity as well.
Abstract 13628: Absence of Coronary Artery Calcium in Ruling Out Obstructive Cad on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (ccta) Among Patients With Stable and Acute Chest Pain: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a class IIA recommendation in low-intermediate risk patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and a normal or nondiagnos...
A Historical Analysis of Racism Within the US Presidency: Implications for African Americans and the Political Process.

This article examines the history of racism in the American presidency and the implications that it has had for Black residents of this country. The paper begins with a discussion of President Trump’s racist rhetoric towards Blacks but notes that a history of racism is woven into the US presidency. We employ critical race theory as a theoretical framework to demonstrate why institutional racism has always been pervasive in the American presidency. Using a case study analysis, the authors conduct a comparative study of the history of racism of American presidents with the presidency of former president Donald J. Trump. The authors conclude that for most of the nation's history, racism and indifference to African Americans permeated the US presidency. It has only been since the advent of the second half of the twentieth century, for the most part, that there have been meaningful efforts by US presidents to address the concerns of African Americans.
Wholeness as a developmental goal

Human activity involves interconnections among civic, social, emotional, ethical, spiritual, and intellectual aspects. Recent advocacy for “whole person” education suggests that educators should at...
A concurrency control algorithm for memory-resident databases systems

Recent trends in memory sizes, combined with a demand for high-performance data management facilities, have led to the emergence of database support for managing memory-resident data as a topic of interest. In this paper we address the concurrency control problem for main memory database systems. Because such systems differ significantly from traditional database systems in terms of their cost characteristics, existing solutions to the problem are inappropriate; we present a new scheme based on two-phase locking that minimizes the overhead associated with concurrency control without overly limiting opportunities for concurrently executing transactions. We accomplish this by allowing the granularity of locking to vary dynamically in response to changes in the level of inter-transaction conflicts. Unlike hierarchical locking schemes, however, we avoid the expense of setting locks at multiple levels of a granularity hierarchy. We present a simple empirical analysis, based on instruction counts, to validate our claims.
Anchor loss suppression using butterfly-shaped plates for AlN Lamb wave resonators

The use of butterfly-shaped thin plates, formed by reducing the tether-to-plate angle, can raised the quality factor (Q) of aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) by eliminating the anchor loss. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results show that the butterfly-shaped plate can efficiently keep the vibration far from the edges at the tether-to-plate plane, so that the acoustic wave leaky through the supporting tethers is reduced. Specifically, the rounded butterfly-shaped resonators show more efficient suppression in the anchor loss compared to the beveled butterfly-shaped resonators. The measured frequency response for a 863-MHz AlN LWR with 45° beveled tether-to-plate transition yields a Q of 1,979 which upwards 30% over a conventional rectangular resonator; another AlN LWR on the butterfly-shaped plate with rounded tether-to-plate transition yields a Q of 2,531, representing a 67% improvement.
Performances by College Students in Handball Being Taught by Three Different Teaching Methods

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in handball knowledge and skill existed between three teaching methods: traditional, contractual, and independent study. Each subject (N = 36) was given pretests in handball: a knowledge test, a wall volley test, and a serve placement test. Pre- and posttest reliabilities were reported. The three intact classes used for the study started out equal in handball knowledge and skill. After 10 weeks of instruction, the three classes were given posttests for handball knowledge and skill. No significant differences, in handball knowledge and skill, were found between the three teaching methods at the .05 level.
The Case for Immediate Pyeloplasty in the Neonate with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

AbstractThe 99m technetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scan allows differentiation of ureter-opelvic junction obstruction from multicystic kidney in most instances. Although renal function usually will improve at least a little after relief of obstruction, the young infant is privileged and more improvement can be expected than occurs usually in older children. Since an operation is as safe and results of pyeloplasty are as good in the neonate as in older infants or children early correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction is advocated in otherwise healthy infants as soon as the diagnosis is established.
Morphometry of human leukocytes

In order to establish quantitative models of leukocyte functions, several morphometric parameters on individual white cells are needed. These include the diameter, volume, and membrane area of the cells and their nuclei in the undeformed state. A stereologic method was used to obtain these quantities from transmission electron microscopy of random sections through human white blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils). In order to estimate possible artifacts due to preparation of the cells for transmission electron microscopy, a detailed comparison with light microscopy was made. The results show that undeformed white cells in isotonic solution are spherical with many membrane foldings and have a significantly smaller diameter than that measured on blood smears. A method of chemical fixation was employed so that the shrinkage due to fixation of the cells is below the resolution of light microscopic measurements. Further, it was shown that all leukocytes, including lymphocytes, have much more membrane area than is needed to cover their volumes, and this membrane area remains constant when the cell is hypotonically swollen.
Foul Balls and Assumption of Risk

(2007). Foul Balls and Assumption of Risk. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 8-9.
Aggregate Towers: scale sensitive visualization and decluttering of geospatial data

We have developed a technique, Aggregate Towers, that allows geospatial data to be visualized across a range of map scales. We use a combination of data aggregation algorithms and dynamically aggregating data markers (e.g., icons or symbols) to accommodate interactive zooming by a user while maintaining a representation that remains intuitive, consistent across multiple scales and uncluttered. This approach implicitly generates multiple levels of overview displays from a single set of underlying data.
Text matters: Exploring the lexical reservoirs of books in preschool rooms

Abstract Picture book reading is a well-documented mechanism for enhancing the language and vocabulary of preschool-aged children. However, the robust line of research supporting it contains few studies that give attention to books and the degree to which they offer rare words (i.e., lexical reservoirs). This exploratory text analysis had three purposes (a) to examine the lexical reservoirs of books; (b) to compare the lexical pitch of books to other language samples; and (c) to create clustered lists of highly recommended, high-vocabulary books. Text samples were extracted from over 100 books found in 3-year-old rooms in a range of early childhood instructional settings. On average text samples from books possessed at least three words in their lexical reservoirs and only 19% of samples did not contain reservoirs. A modified replication of the Hayes and Ahrens (1988) lexical pitch study revealed that the pitch of language samples from books found in 3-year-old rooms was quite similar to that of adults’ speech. Lastly, a cluster analysis showed that while a sizeable group of books were both recommended and contained text samples with lexically rich words, many were neither recommended nor lexically rich. Although there are many purposes for book reading and many excellent books, the materials found available for vocabulary learning can be enhanced. Implications for practice are shared.
Noise generated by impingement of turbulent flow on airfoils of varied chord, cylinders, and other flow obstructions

Noise spectra were measured in three dimensions for several surfaces immersed in turbulent flow from a jet and over a range of flow conditions. The data are free field and were corrected to remove the small contributions of jet noise, atmospheric attenuation and feedback tones. These broadband data were compared with the results of available theories which are only strictly applicable to simple geometries over a limited range of conditions. The available theories proved to be accurate over the range of flow, chord length, thickness, angle of attack, and surface geometries defined by the experiments. These results apply to the noise generated by fixed surfaces in engine passages, the lifting surfaces of aircraft and also to fan noise.
Hematoporphyrin Derivative Phototherapy in the Treatment of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Nineteen patients with cancer involving the tracheobronchial tree (a total of 20 carcinomas) have completed at least one course of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy administered via the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Seven patients (eight carcinomas) have shown a complete response. In six of these patients (seven carcinomas), there has been no recurrence of tumor at the site of treatment during follow-up ranging from 8 to 31 months. One patient had a complete response lasting 12 months, but subsequently had a local recurrence producing obstruction; this patient died 24 months after the initial hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy. Eight other patients had less than a complete response and required alternative therapy. Three of these eight patients died, one of metastases and two of airway obstruction and metastases. The four remaining patients died before results of this local therapy could be assessed; two died of metastases and two of hemoptysis. The cancers in patients who had a complete response were less than 3 sq cm in surface area and appeared superficial at bronchoscopy. Therefore, hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy does have the potential to become an alternative to surgical resection as the primary treatment in carefully selected patients.