cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge

Abstract Despite its location on sediment-free basalt, vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) contain chemical species that indicate fluids have interacted with sediments during circulation. We report on the distribution and isotopic abundances of organic compounds ( C 1 – C 3 alkanes and alkenes, benzene and toluene) in fluids collected from the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) in July, 2000, to understand the processes that regulate their abundances and characterize fluid sources. Aqueous organic compounds are derived from the thermal alteration of sedimentary organic matter and subsequently undergo further oxidation reactions during fluid flow. Fluid:sediment mass ratios calculated using ΣNH 4 concentrations indicate that the sediments are distal to the MEF, resulting in a common reservoir of fluids for all of the vents. Following the generation from sediment alteration, aqueous organic compounds undergo secondary alteration reactions via a stepwise oxidation reaction mechanism. Alkane distributions and isotopic compositions indicate that organic compounds in MEF fluids have undergone a greater extent of alteration as compared to Middle Valley fluids, either due to differences in subsurface redox conditions or the residence time of fluids at subsurface conditions. The distributions of the aromatic compounds benzene and toluene are qualitatively consistent with the subsurface conditions indicated by equilibration of aqueous alkanes and alkanes. However, benzene and toluene do not achieve chemical equilibrium in the subsurface. Methane and CO 2 also do not equilibrate chemically or isotopically at reaction zone temperatures, a likely result of an insufficient reaction time after addition of CO 2 from magmatic sources during upflow. The organic geochemistry supports the assumption that the sediments with which MEF fluids interact has the same composition as sediments present in Middle Valley itself, and highlight differences in subsurface reaction zone conditions and fluid flow pathways at these two sites.
Applications of Paired Ion High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography to Catecholamines and Phenylephrine

Abstract Paired ion high-pressure liquid chromatography was useful for separating intact catecholamines (epinephrine, isoproterenol, levodopa, and methyldopa) and phenylephrine from some of their decomposition products. Furthermore, methyldopa was separated from either hydrochlorothiazide or levodopa. Under identical conditions without I-heptanesulfonie acid (a counterion for paired ion chromatography) in the mobile phase, these separations were not possible. Paired ion chromatography also was tried successfully for the quantitative determinations of isoproterenol, levodopa, methyldopa, and phenylephrine in some dosage forms. The results were compared with the results obtained using some literature methods.
Between Mecca and Beijing: Modernization and Consumption among Urban Chinese Muslims; Muslims in the Diaspora: The Somali Communities of London and Toronto

Between Mecca and Beijing: Modernization and Consumption among Urban Chinese Muslims. Maris Boyd Gillette. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. xii. 279 pp., illustrations, map, notes, bibliography, index. Muslims in the Diaspora: The Somali Communities of London and Toronto. Rimas Berns McGown. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. 302 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Assembly of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rauscher murine leukemia virus at the cell surface induced by low temperature and by ligands.

Abstract NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts, infected with a Rauscher murine leukemia virus temperature-sensitive mutant (ts25) defective in assembly of budding particles at 39°, produce virus at the cell surface when the temperature is shifted rapidly to 0°. Virus buds are not assembled within the first 10 min at 0° and gradually increase in number and degree of development over a 2-hr period. However, release of infectious virus could not be demonstrated at 0° and might, therefore, be an energy-dependent process. Significant budding activity was also induced at the nonpermissive temperature by incubating cells with 0.25% glutaraldehyde or with antiserum to the major virus envelope glycoprotein, gp70. Anti-gp70 serum may induce budding by promoting aggregation of gp70-containing molecular assemblies and, consequently, association of core components in some transmembrane fashion. Induction of virus assembly with glutaraldehyde might occur as a results of nonspecific cross-linking of membrane proteins. These results suggest that procedures commonly used to minimize ligand-induced redistribution of cell surface molecules, i.e., labeling at low temperatures or after mild aldehyde fixation, may not immobilize certain membrane-associated molecules.
Developing a Community-Based Care System for Seriously Emotionally Disabled Children and Youth

The needs of emotionally disabled children and their families are not optimally served within traditional mental health service delivery systems. Policies are inadequate, delivery systems are insufficient and underfunded, and supporting research is sparse. As communities begin addressing the needs of the seriously emotionally disabled child and family, planning should address community coordinated services. Such systems, however, are not easily established and maintained in communities accustomed to addressing children's needs in terms of existing fragmented categorical structures. National models exist but care and time are required to adapt critical elements from these models to local need. This article will review the rationale for integrated community-based, case management services for children and adolescents. A case example is offered illustrating issues affecting the development of one community support system.
In vitro determination of optimal antifungal combinations against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.

There is currently no rapid, reliable, and reproducible in vitro technique to describe the growth-inhibitory interactions of antifungal drug combinations over a wide range of drug concentrations. We have developed a microdilution plate assay that was used to determine optimal drug combinations and concentrations of one-, two-, and three-drug regimens of amphotericin B (AmphB), fluconazole (FLU), and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) for growth inhibition of three isolates each of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. These growth inhibition data were then used in a multifactorial design technique to (i) generate contour and surface response plots to aid visual interpretation and (ii) develop mathematical equations describing the growth responses of the fungi to a wide range of antifungal concentrations and ratios. Our data indicated that (i) antifungal drug-drug interactions affecting yeast growth are complex functions of the drugs used in combination, their absolute concentrations, and also their relative (proportional) concentrations; (ii) AmphB-FLU combinations had additive effects against C. albicans over wide concentration ranges for each agent but were indifferent (i.e., were less than additive) in their inhibitory effect on C. neoformans; (iii) other two-drug combinations (FLU-5FC or AmphB-5FC) had indifferent effects on the growth of both fungi; and (iv) three-drug combinations (AmphB-FLU-5FC) showed an additive inhibitory effect on the growth of both C. albicans and C. neoformans. The finding that no antagonism was observed in combinations employing AmphB and FLU in this in vitro model is of critical importance since it argues against the current theoretical concept, based on the individual drug's mode of action, of antagonism between these two drugs. These microdilution techniques provide a method to determine rational regimens of antifungal agents in multidrug combinations for future testing to correlate in vitro activity with in vivo response. The use of this approach has made the evaluation of complex antifungal drug-drug interactions possible and provided important new information to the evolving field of antifungal drug combination.
Software Process Automation: The Technology and Its Adoption

1 Software Process Automation in Perspective.- 1.1 The Origins of Software Process Automation.- 1.2 Automation in a Process Improvement Context.- 1.3 A Process Development and Usage Scenario.- 2 Process Definition, Execution and Verification.- 2.1 Underlying Concepts.- 2.2 Process Definition and Executable Specification.- 2.3 The ProNet Graphical Modeling Language.- 2.4 Developing an Approach to Process Execution.- 2.5 Two Examples of Process Execution.- 2.6 Software Process Verification.- 2.7 Miscellaneous Issues.- 2.8 Summary.- 3 An Investigation into Process-Centered Environments.- 3.1 Setting a Context for PCEs.- 3.2 The Experimental Approach.- 3.3 The ProcessWeaver Experiment.- 3.4 The Synervision Experiment.- 3.5 End-User Role Plays.- 3.6 A Comparison of ProcessWeaver and Synervision.- 4 The Application of Process-Centered Environments.- 4.1 Why Use a Process-Centered Environment?.- 4.2 Issues Related to CASE and Process Improvement.- 4.3 Responses to Adopting New Technology.- 4.4 User-Oriented Issues with PCEs.- 4.5 A Transitioning Strategy.- 5 The Past, Present, and Future of Process Automation.- Appendix A The Process Enactment Program, ProSim.- A.1 The Process Controller Listing.- A.2 The codeDevel Process.- A3 The docUpdate Process.- Appendix B The Process Verification Program.- Appendix C Vendor Information on PCEs.- Appendix D Listing of SynerVision Experiment Script.- Appendix E Terminology and Concepts.- E.1 Basic Terminology.- E.2 Process-Related Concepts.- E.3 Relationship to the NIST/ECMA Reference Model.- Appendix F End-User Evaluation Materials.- References.
The fear of change and its consequences in analysis and psychotherapy

(1989). The fear of change and its consequences in analysis and psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 9, Change and Therapeutic Effectiveness in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, pp. 101-118.
Planning and Financial Performance of Small, Mature Firms

This article develops a classification scheme of planning process sophistication in small firms, categorizes small firms according to planning process sophistication, and examines the relationship between planning process sophistication and the financial performance of a select group of small, mature firms. The study overcomes several methodological shortcomings of prior research on strategic planning and firm performance. Multivariate analysis of variance is used to identify statistically significant differences between the financial performance data of firms that employ structured, strategic plans and those that do not. The results confirm previous research on strategic planning and financial performance. Finally, recommendations are made for future research.
What is Wrong with Playing High

The debate over playing football, or “soccer” as the game is known to North Americans, at high altitudes reached new heights in 2007 and 2008. Late in May 2007, concerned about mounting criticism, the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) decided to ban games under its jurisdiction at altitudes above 2,500 meters. The ruling, which affected cities in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru, prompted a stern reaction in much of Latin America. The public outcry was so noticeable that in June, FIFA increased the limit to 3,000 meters. The roll back, however, was only provisional. FIFA awaited the results of an October meeting of leading experts on high altitude physiology before making a final decision. In December, FIFA ruled that no games “would be permitted at an altitude in excess of 2,750 metres” and “recommended that the same limit be enforced in all other international competitions” (19). This still affected stadia in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. However, FIFA agreed that games would be permitted if players were allowed to acclimatize. FIFA’s compromising ruling was once again staunchly opposed in South America. Football’s regional governing body, the Confederacion Sudamericana de Futbol (CONMEBOL), asked FIFA to reconsider imposing any altitude limit and ratified its support of the Bolivian national team “for disputing matches at great height, as is the case of the city of La Paz” (7). In March 2008, FIFA insisted on its 2,750 meters limit for international games (20). The following month, CONMEBOL countered FIFA’s ruling announcing that nine of its ten members were committed to competition at high altitude (8). While pressure mounted, early in May, FIFA temporarily suspended its ban. This allowed Bolivia and Ecuador to host qualifying home games for the 2010 Men’s World Cup in La Paz and Quito respectively. The concession was made, however, as Joseph Blatter, FIFA’s president stated, not to settle the issue but rather to “reopen the discussion” (5). Throughout the 2007 and 2008 heightened controversy over playing football at high altitudes, FIFA reiterated the rationale for the ban. It focused on “medical and sports-ethical reasons” (18). Defending the original 2,500 meters limit, Blatter declared that playing “above that altitude is not healthy or fair” (2). Later he added that “In the World Cup we must have equal conditions for everyone” (35). FIFA is also reputed to have justified the ban on grounds of a “possible distortion of competition” (2).
Exploring spatial narratives and mixed reality experiences in Oakland Cemetery

The Historic Oakland Cemetery in downtown Atlanta provides a unique setting for exploring the challenges of location-based mixed-reality experience design. Our objective is to entertain and educate visitors about historically and culturally significant events related to the deceased inhabitants of the cemetery. We worked with the constraints and affordances of the physical environment of the cemetery to design an audio-based dramatic experience. The dramatic narrative is realized through voice actors who play the parts of cemetery residents and tell stories about the time periods in which they lived. The experience provides navigation and linearity through a main narrator who guides visitors to various gravesites. While at each grave, the visitor can choose from several categories of content using a handheld controller. Formative evaluations conducted with users in the cemetery indicate strengths of the current experience and suggest ideas for continued development.
Thermal cycling and isothermal deformation response of polycrystalline NiTi: Simulations vs. experiment

A recent microstructure-based FEM model that couples crystal-based plasticity, the B2 MB190 phase transformation and anisotropic elasticity at the grain scale is calibrated to recent data for polycrystalline NiTi (49.9 at.% Ni). Inputs include anisotropic elastic properties, texture and differential scanning calorimetry data, as well as a subset of recent isothermal deformation and load-biased thermal cycling data. The model is assessed against additional experimental data. Several experimental trends are captured - in particular, the transformation strain during thermal cycling monotonically increases and reaches a peak with increasing bias stress. This is achieved, in part, by modifying the martensite hardening matrix proposed by Patoor et al. [Patoor E, Eberhardt A, Berveiller M. J Phys IV 1996;6:277]. Some experimental trends are underestimated - in particular, the ratcheting of macrostrain during thermal cycling. This may reflect a model limitation that transformation-plasticity coupling is captured on a coarse (grain) scale but not on a fine (martensitic plate) scale.
Yeast transcription co-activator Sub1 and its human homolog PC4 preferentially bind to G-quadruplex DNA

Using a G-quadruplex bait, we identified the transcription co-activator Sub1 as a G-quadruplex binding protein by quantitative LC-MS/MS and demonstrated in vivo G-quadruplex binding by ChIP. In vitro, Sub1, and its human homolog PC4, bind preferentially to G-quadruplexes. This provides a possible mechanism by which G-quadruplexes can influence gene transcription.
Postoperative headache following acoustic neuroma resection: occipital nerve injuries are associated with a treatable occipital neuralgia.

Objective.— To demonstrate that occipital nerve injury is associated with chronic postoperative headache in patients who have undergone acoustic neuroma excision and to determine whether occipital nerve excision is an effective treatment for these headaches. Background.— Few previous reports have discussed the role of occipital nerve injury in the pathogenesis of the postoperative headache noted to commonly occur following the retrosigmoid approach to acoustic neuroma resection. No studies have supported a direct etiologic link between the two. The authors report on a series of acoustic neuroma patients with postoperative headache presenting as occipital neuralgia who were found to have occipital nerve injuries and were treated for chronic headache by excision of the injured nerves. Methods.— Records were reviewed to identify patients who had undergone surgical excision of the greater and lesser occipital nerves for refractory chronic postoperative headache following acoustic neuroma resection. Primary outcomes examined were change in migraine headache index, change in number of pain medications used, continued use of narcotics, patient satisfaction, and change in quality of life. Follow-up was in clinic and via telephone interview. Results.— Seven patients underwent excision of the greater and lesser occipital nerves. All met diagnostic criteria for occipital neuralgia and failed conservative management. Six of 7 patients experienced pain reduction of greater than 80% on the migraine index. Average pain medication use decreased from 6 to 2 per patient; 3 of 5 patients achieved independence from narcotics. Six patients experienced 80% or greater improvement in quality of life at an average follow-up of 32 months. There was one treatment failure. Occipital nerve neuroma or nerve entrapment was identified during surgery in all cases where treatment was successful but not in the treatment failure. Conclusion.— In contradistinction to previous reports, we have identified a subset of patients in whom the syndrome of postoperative headache appears directly related to the presence of occipital nerve injuries. In patients with postoperative headache meeting diagnostic criteria for occipital neuralgia, occipital nerve excision appears to provide relief of the headache syndrome and meaningful improvement in quality of life. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to determine whether occipital nerve injury may present as headache types other than occipital neuralgia. These findings suggest that patients presenting with chronic postoperative headache should be screened for the presence of surgically treatable occipital nerve injuries.
A data-driven design evaluation tool for handheld device soft keyboards.

Thumb interaction is a primary technique used to operate small handheld devices such as smartphones. Despite the different techniques involved in operating a handheld device compared to a personal computer, the keyboard layouts for both devices are similar. A handheld device keyboard that considers the physical capabilities of the thumb may improve user experience. We developed and applied a design evaluation tool for different geometries of the QWERTY keyboard using a performance evaluation model. The model utilizes previously collected data on thumb motor performance and posture for different tap locations and thumb movement directions. We calculated a performance index (PITOT, 0 is worst and 2 is best) for 663 designs consisting in different combinations of three variables: the keyboard's radius of curvature (R) (mm), orientation (O) (°), and vertical location on the screen (L). The current standard keyboard performed poorly (PITOT = 0.28) compared to other designs considered. Keyboard location (L) contributed to the greatest variability in performance out of the three design variables, suggesting that designers should modify this variable first. Performance was greatest for designs in the middle keyboard location. In addition, having a slightly upward curve (R = −20 mm) and orientated perpendicular to the thumb's long axis (O = −20°) improved performance to PITOT = 1.97. Poorest performances were associated with placement of the keyboard's spacebar in the bottom right corner of the screen (e.g., the worst was for R = 20 mm, O = 40°, L = Bottom (PITOT = 0.09)). While this evaluation tool can be used in the design process as an ergonomic reference to promote user motor performance, other design variables such as visual access and usability still remain unexplored.
Fertilization in mouse does not require terminal galactose or N-acetylglucosamine on the zona pellucida glycans

Fertilization in mammals requires sperm to bind to the zona pellucida (ZP) that surrounds the egg. Galactose (Gal) or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues on the glycans of ZP protein 3 (ZP3) have been implicated as mouse sperm receptors. However, Mgat1(-/-) eggs with modified N-glycans lacking terminal Gal and GlcNAc residues are fertilized. To determine if Gal and GlcNAc on O-glycans of the ZP are required for fertilization, a conditional allele of the T-synthase gene (T-syn(F)) was generated. T-syn encodes core 1 beta1,3-galactosyltransferase 1 (T-synthase), which initiates the synthesis of core-1-derived O-glycans, the only O-glycans on mouse ZP3. T-syn(F/F):ZP3Cre females in which T-syn(F) was deleted at the beginning of oogenesis generated eggs lacking core-1-derived O-glycans. Nevertheless, T-syn(F/F):ZP3Cre females were fertile and their eggs bound sperm similarly to controls. In addition, T-syn(-/-) embryos generated from T-syn null eggs developed until approximately E12.5. Thus, core-1-derived O-glycans are not required for blastogenesis, implantation, or development prior to midgestation. Moreover, T-syn(-/-)Mgat1(-/-) eggs lacking complex and hybrid N-glycans as well as core-1-derived O-glycans were fertilized. The combined data show that mouse ZP3 does not require terminal Gal or GlcNAc on either N- or O-glycans for fertilization.
Cardiac autonomic denervation in diabetes mellitus.

The heart is heavily innervated with sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers. Although both receptor types are present in the atria and ventricles, the cholinergic receptors are located mainly in the atria and the adrenergic receptors in the ventricles. The distribution of these receptors in the ventricles is not homogenous but follows apex-to-base and epicardium-to-endocardium gradients. The adrenergic receptors are localized in the myocardium and in the coronary arteries and are of several types and subtypes. The α- receptors constitute ≈15% of the total receptors and are both post- and presynaptic, whereas the β-receptors constitute ≈85% of the receptors and are postsynaptic. In the coronary arteries, α-1d and β-2 are most common, whereas in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, α-1a and β-1 prevail.1 Article see p 87 The stimulation of β-1 receptors induces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, which ultimately lead to an increase in cardiac output, whereas β-2 stimulation activates antiapoptotic and cardioprotective pathways.2 The stimulation of α-1 receptors (abundant in the larger epicardial arteries) in normal, unlike in diseased, arteries does not lead to vasoconstriction or reduction in myocardial blood flow (MBF), most probably due to low receptor density and the opposing effect of nitric oxide. The stimulation of α-2 receptors (more abundant in the microvasculature) results in a decrease in MBF in both normal and diseased arteries.3 The β-receptors, on the other hand, induce coronary artery dilation, but treatment with β-blockers increases MBF perhaps because of increased diastolic time and a decrease in the abundance of α-receptors.1 In the nerve terminal, tyrosine from the blood is converted to dihydroxyphenylalanine, then to dopamine, and then ultimately to norepinephrine, which is stored inside vesicles awaiting a signal for release. Once released to the synaptic cleft, norepinephrine activates the adrenergic receptors and is cleared to the nerve …
Preliminary Results of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Nitinol Stents Crossing the Inguinal Ligament to Treat Arterial Bleeding and Stenosis

sions: TASC A, 1; TASC B, 1; TASC C, 11, and TASC D, 7. Seven of 24 limbs had totally occluded stents, and debulking atherectomy was performed before relining in 6 of 24 limbs. Median follow-up after relining with stent grafts was 595 days (interquartile range, 235-769). Overall 1-year patient survival was 94%. At 1-year after relining with stent grafts, primary patency was 62%, primary assisted patency was 79%, and secondary patency was 79%, respectively. Conclusions: Treatment of femoropopliteal ISR by relining with stent grafts is effective and patency rates are superior to those previously reported for conventional balloon angioplasty. By providing a mechanical barrier to neointimal hyperplasia, stent grafts prevent the recurrence of ISR, and these results support the expanded clinical use of stent grafts for the treatment of ISR.
Safety and efficacy of aprepitant for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients: a prospective, observational study.

Pediatric patients between the ages of 12 months and 17 years with a confirmed malignancy who were scheduled to receive aprepitant as part of triple therapy antiemetic prophylaxis for a cycle of moderately- or highly emetogenic chemotherapy were eligible for enrollment. Patients were evaluated for the incidence of nausea, episodes of emesis, interference with activities of daily living (ADLs), and appetite through utilization of a patient survey. Eleven patients were enrolled for a total of 20 patient encounters, mean age 9.55 ± 4.85 (range, 12 months–17 years). Aprepitant was well-tolerated and complete response (CR) rate was 38.9%. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1111–1113. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infrared Neural Stimulation of Thalamocortical Brain Slices

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has been well characterized in the peripheral nervous system, and has been shown to enable stimulation with high spatial precision and without causing the typical electrical stimulation artifact on the recording electrode. The next step in the development of INS is to demonstrate feasibility to stimulate neurons located in the central nervous system (CNS). Thalamocortical brain slices were used to establish feasibility of INS in the CNS and to optimize laser parameters. Infrared light was used to evoke action potentials in the brain slice with no electrical stimulation artifact. This response was blocked by the application of tetrodotoxin demonstrating neurological origin of the recorded signal. Threshold radiant exposure decreased as the absorption coefficient of the wavelength of light increased. Higher repetition rates lead to a decrease in threshold radiant exposure, and threshold radiant exposure was found to decrease as the spot size diameter increased. Additionally, neuronal responses to INS were intracellularly recorded demonstrating artifact free electrical recordings. The results from this paper lay the foundation for future in vivo studies to develop INS for CNS stimulation.
The lightcurve and phase function of the asteroid 304 Olga

Photoelectric lightcurves of 304 Olga were obtained at Table Mountain Observatory in 1978 near opposition. From these observations, and several observations made from Lowell Observatory a month later, a rotation period of 18.36 + or - 0.02 hr and a light curve amplitude of 0.20 magnitude are obtained. The range of solar phase angle covered by the observations is from 2.0 to 22 deg. The resulting phase function is well fit by the Bowell and Lumme model (1979), with Q = 0.02. This low value of Q is suggestive of a low-albedo object.
Using Earnings Announcement Returns as Evidence of Mispricing: The Importance of Information Flow

Numerous studies have used the proportion of anomalous returns earned during earnings announcement intervals as evidence to distinguish between risk and mispricing explanations for those returns. This approach implicitly assumes that returns expected as compensation for risk-bearing are earned evenly through time. However, previous research also suggests that expected returns may be higher at earnings announcements than at other times when the flow of firm-specific information between earnings announcements is sparse and the disclosure of earnings is expected to resolve significant uncertainty. We provide evidence that returns are more concentrated at earnings announcements for firms with low information flow than for firms with high information flow. We then demonstrate that earnings announcement returns concentrations associated with the well-known book-to-market returns anomaly are no longer evident after controlling for cross-firm variation in information flow. Overall, our results suggest that before interpreting a concentration of anomalous returns at earnings announcements as evidence of mispricing, care should be taken to insure that the concentration is not related to information flow.
Religion and Newborn Screening

Hom and colleagues (2016) argue in favor of allowing religious exemptions to congenital critical heart disease (CCHD) newborn screening, but the logic of their position is at odds with the moral ju...
Immunopathogenesis of Murine SLE

An SLE-like disease has been investigated extensively in the (NZB × NZW) F1 mouse for well over a decade (Howie and Helyer, 1968). Clearly, these mice demonstrate many immunologic, virologic, and other abnormalities and it has been extremely difficult to determine which, if any of these, are primary etiologic factors of the SLE-like syndrome and which are secondary to the disease or even merely peculiarities of New Zealand mice. Among postulated etiologic factors of this murine disease are: retroviruses or their products (Dixon et al., 1974; Yoshiki et al., 1974), thymic atrophy or failure (Burnet and Holmes, 1964), antithymocyte antibodies (Shirai and Mellors, 1971; Klassen et al., 1977), immunologic hyperreactivity (Playfair, 1968; Evans et al., 1968), deficiency in suppressor T cells (Barthold et al., 1974; Krakauer et al., 1976) and other subsets of T cells (Cantor et al., 1978), abnormalities of phagocytic cells (Morgan and Steward, 1976), and abnormal T-cell cytotoxicity (Botzenhardt et al., 1978).
The mysterious second temporal fat pad.

Abstract Temporal eyelid fullness due to residual herniation of orbital fat is a complication of cosmetic oculoplastic surgery. It frequently occurs despite the surgeon's excision of temporal herniated orbital fat and requires a second surgical procedure to remove. Anatomists have demonstrated three lower eyelid fat pads, temporally, centrally, and nasally. I have found a second temporal fat pad that was not evident until the first had been removed. Searching for and excising the second temporal fat pad have eliminated the complication of residual temporal lower eyelid fat herniation following cosmetic eyelid surgery.
The effect of managed mental health care and group psychotherapy: treatment, training, and therapist-morale issues.

(1997). The Effect of Managed Mental Health Care on Group Psychotherapy: Treatment, Training, and Therapist-Morale Issues. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 23-30.
Can Credit Scoring Help Attract Profit-Minded Investors to Microcredit?

Finance in general—and microcredit in particular—is all about managing risk. Scoring quantifies repayment risk, and lenders in wealthy countries routinely use scoring to rationalize decision-making and increase profits. Can scoring help attract profit-minded investors to microcredit? Yes; explicit measures of risk facilitate informed, intentional management, and this not only increases profits but also weakens some institutional and governance barriers to private investment. At the same time, scoring uncollateralized loans for the self-employed in poor countries is less powerful than scoring credit cards, home mortgages, or car loans in wealthy countries. While scoring for microcredit is in its infancy, most adopters will probably be large microlenders who—due to competition—want to grow and improve profitability, as well as for-profit banks who want to ease their entry into microcredit markets.
A Bayesian approach to quantifying uncertainty from experimental noise in DEER spectroscopy

Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER) spectroscopy is a solid-state pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) experiment that measures distances between unpaired electrons, most commonly between protein-bound spin labels separated by 1.5-8nm. From the experimental data, a distance distribution P(r) is extracted using Tikhonov regularization. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not directly provide error bars for the resulting P(r), rendering correct interpretation difficult. Here we introduce a Bayesian statistical approach that quantifies uncertainty in P(r) arising from noise and numerical regularization. This method provides credible intervals (error bars) of P(r) at each r. This allows practitioners to answer whether or not small features are significant, whether or not apparent shoulders are significant, and whether or not two distance distributions are significantly different from each other. In addition, the method quantifies uncertainty in the regularization parameter.
The Underlying Ethics in Sex Education

Critics of sex education curricula have written about a ‘hidden curriculum’ that presupposes a ‘normal’ adolescent. This hidden curriculum assumes that adolescents are heterosexual, gender stereotyped, ruled by hormones, impulsive, and unthoughtful about sex. Thus, adolescents are given the kind of curriculum that would apply to this narrow stereotype, and health-focused sex education speaks to this imagined norm.
VoiceLive: A Phoneme Localization based Liveness Detection for Voice Authentication on Smartphones

Voice authentication is drawing increasing attention and becomes an attractive alternative to passwords for mobile authentication. Recent advances in mobile technology further accelerate the adoption of voice biometrics in an array of diverse mobile applications. However, recent studies show that voice authentication is vulnerable to replay attacks, where an adversary can spoof a voice authentication system using a pre-recorded voice sample collected from the victim. In this paper, we propose VoiceLive, a practical liveness detection system for voice authentication on smartphones. VoiceLive detects a live user by leveraging the user's unique vocal system and the stereo recording of smartphones. In particular, with the phone closely placed to a user's mouth, it captures time-difference-of-arrival (TDoA) changes in a sequence of phoneme sounds to the two microphones of the phone, and uses such unique TDoA dynamic which doesn't exist under replay attacks for liveness detection. VoiceLive is practical as it doesn't require additional hardware but two-channel stereo recording that is supported by virtually all smartphones. Our experimental evaluation with 12 participants and different types of phones shows that VoiceLive achieves over 99% detection accuracy at around 1% Equal Error Rate (EER). Results also show that VoiceLive is robust to different phone placements and is compatible to different sampling rates and phone models.
the Sefer as a challenge to Reception Theories

The talmudic sages granted the legal status of sefer (book) to five texts: the Torah, tefillin , the get , the mezuzah , and the Scroll of Esther. These texts share two features: they have a ritualistic format and use, and they are the only sacred texts that demonstrate mise en abyme —the trait of literary self-containing. These two traits turn the rabbinic book into a radical case of “open work”: the sefer consists of both textual signs and the actual body of an empirical reader; its pragmatic level is not bracketed out in favor of the semiotic one. I argue that Deleuze’s reception theory best accounts for the sefer .
‘Something that’ll break through’: political rupture and novelty in Cronenberg

AbstractPolitical readings of David Cronenberg’s films have been relatively ignored in favour of questions about his treatment of the body. This represents a missed opportunity. The problem is not that Cronenberg’s cinema is apolitical, but rather that the terms of what we mean by ‘political’ have not been adequately set. This essay turns to the work of philosopher Jacques Ranciere, who argues for a vision of politics that is built on the aesthetic ‘distribution of the sensible’ produced through what Paul Eisenstein and Todd McGowan call ‘rupture’. Cronenberg’s cinema, this essay argues through a reading of Videodrome (1983), is a cinema of rupture, and derives its political power from its ability to offer a new ‘distribution of the sensible’.
Targets and parameters for combustion system layout

One main focus in vehicle development is CO2 reduction (Figure 1). In order to meet this goal a further increase in engine efficiency will be required. The optimization of the combustion process will play an important role. Therefore combustion influencing parameters like valve angle, intake port layout, piston surface and combustion chamber layout need to be optimized. Upcoming efficiency technologies for gasoline engines, e.g. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), Miller cycle, etc. will drive new, more challenging requirements for the combustion system. A fundamental understanding of the correlation between geometrical and combustion performance data is essential and will require a sophisticated development process comprising extensive 1D- and 3D-simulation, component testing and complete engine testing.
The Rise of Finance and Firm Employment Dynamics, 1982-2005

This article sheds light on the current employment stagnation in the United States by investigating the links between the rise of finance and firm employment dynamics during the 1982-2005 period. I argue that the rise of finance marginalized the role of labor in revenue generating and sharing processes, which led to employment stagnation among the largest non-financial firms in the United States. Evidence suggests that increasing investment in financial assets crowds out investment in the workforce. The growing dependence on debt reprioritizes the order of distribution, heightening the need for workforce reduction. The increasing rewards for shareholders replace the retain-and-reinvest cycle with a downsize-and-distribute spiral, in which labor expense becomes a primary target of cost-cutting strategies. Further analysis indicates that production and service workers are more vulnerable to shifts associated with the rise of finance than managers and professionals. Importantly, these processes have been unfolding increasingly to the detriment of employment.
Oxidation Of Phosphatidylethanolamines As Ferroptotic Signals: Control By Lipoxygenases

Phospholipids were essential for life from the very early stages of it emerence. With the appearance of molecular oxygen and multicellularity - polyunsaturated lipids played two important roles: 1) as structural building blocks of membranes, and 2) as communication signals. Among many different mechanisms, oxygenation of polyunsaturated lipids played an essential role in coordinating numerous metabolic reactions and pathways. This paramount role of oxygenated polyunsaturated lipids in regulation is also associated with a risk of their involvement in aberrant injury reactions due to lipid peroxidation and the production of secondary reactive lipid electrophiles. Discoordination of these oxygenation reactions leads to ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic, iron dependent form of regulated cell death. We will present new data identifying hydroperoxy-phosphatidylethanolamines generated by 15-lipoxygenases (15LO). We found that 15LO oxygenate free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but can change their substrate specificity to generate hydroperoxy-PUFA phosphatidyl-ethanolamines (PUFAPEs) which - under conditions of GPX4 deficiency - trigger ferroptosis. We sought a common pro-ferroptotic regulator for 15LO using oxidative phospholipidomics, confocal-based immunolocalization techniques, redox biochemistry and computational biology. We discovered that PEBP1, a scaffold protein inhibitor of protein kinase cascades, complexes with two 15LO isoforms, 15LO1 and 15LO2, and changes their substrate competence to generate pro-ferroptotic hydroperoxy-PUFA-PE.
ORBITA 2 : Bringing Some Oxygen Back to PCI in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease?

With the presentation and publication of the ORBITA trial in late 2017, 1 for the first time the cardiology community had the results of a blinded randomized trial examining the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). ORBITA was a mechanistic trial, carefully examining a host of endpoints in order to determine potentially measurable effects of PCI vs. a sham comparator at 6 weeks of follow-up. The trial was performed in 200 highly committed research subjects with single vessel SIHD who were treated within a protocol that put them on an average of ~3 antianginal medications, subjected them to serial assessments of symptom status and tests for ischemia, and led to multiple cardiac catheterization procedures (2 procedures for subjects in the PCI arm and 15% of the sham arm, and 3 procedures for the 85% of subjects in the sham arm who underwent post-study treatment with PCI). 2
Rode plekken op de tong

Op de tong kunnen talrijke aandoeningen voorkomen, varierend van op de tong ontstane en daartoe beperkte aandoeningen tot aandoeningen die een uiting zijn van een onderliggende ziekte. Het kan gaan om ulceraties, zwellingen of alleen maar kleurveranderingen, zoals pigmentaties en witte en rode veranderingen. In deze bijdrage zal aandacht worden besteed aan enkele rode veranderingen van het slijmvliesoppervlak van de tongrug. Nadrukkelijk zal op deze plaats niet worden ingegaan op rode veranderingen van het slijmvlies van de randen van de tong. Er is dan vooral waakzaamheid geboden op de aanwezigheid van een plaveiselcelcarcinoom of een voorstadium daarvan. Dat fenomeen doet zich slechts uiterst zelden voor bij rode veranderingen op de rug van de tong. Twee casussen.
The Deviation Concept: A Tool for Preventive Maintenance of Marine Power Plants

The need for preventive maintenance of shipboard machinery has been well established. The necessity of insuring increased reliability of machinery and therefore availability of vessels can clearly be justified on economic grounds alone. Various methods to date rely on statistical means of predicting failure rates. This requires a large number of inspections of failures to develop confidence in the system. An alternative method to statistical analysis is one which is continuous in nature. This method of analysis is called the Deviation Concept. The application utilizes a portion of an on board computer for acquiring and analyzing equipment data. This data which is currently available aboard ship via instrumentation can be utilized effectively by the Deviation Concept.
The Contributions of Public Health Nutrition to School Child Health

(1939). The Contributions of Public Health Nutrition to School Child Health. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 142-197.
Extragalactic Distances from Planetary Nebulae

The [O III] λ 5007 planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) occupies an important place on the extragalactic distance ladder. Since it is the only method that is applicable to all the large galaxies of the Local Supercluster, it is uniquely useful for cross-checking results and linking the Population I and Population II distance scales. We review the physics underlying the method, demonstrate its precision, and illustrate its value by comparing its distances to distances obtained from Cepheids and the Surface Brightness Fluctuation (SBF) method. We use the Cepheid and PNLF distances to 13 galaxies to show that the metallicity dependence of the PNLF cutoff is in excellent agreement with that predicted from theory, and that no additional systematic corrections are needed for either method. However, when we compare the Cepheid-calibrated PNLF distance scale with the Cepheid-calibrated SBF distance scale, we find a significant offset: although the relative distances of both methods are in excellent agreement, the PNLF method produces results that are systematically shorter by ∼ 15%. We trace this discrepancy back to the calibration galaxies and show how a small amount of internal reddening can lead to a very large systematic error. Finally, we demonstrate how the PNLF and Cepheid distances to NGC 4258 argue for a short distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud, and a Hubble Constant that is ∼ 8% larger than that derived by the HST Key Project.
Multiple Signal Paths

In many applications, the loop configurations considered so far are insufficient for achieving the design goals. Often, adding new signal paths in parallel with the initial path can help. Three useful arrangements are presented in this section. The formal equivalence between these arrangements is emphasized, and is used to derive a stability criterion useful for designing loops with almost-maximum gain. In order to make it easier to carry out a unified discussion of control configurations with multiple paths, Fig. 2.1 is modified as shown in Fig. 7.1 on p. 100. The change consists of renaming the gain blocks, selecting a case with zero reference (control) input and rotating the various elements around the loop. These changes do not have any effect on the open-loop gainL.Therefore, reference tracking and disturbance suppression, as well as stability properties are the same for all diagrams shown in Fig. 7.1 Diagrams like the bottom one in Fig. 7.1 will be used throughout this chapter.
Differences in HbA1C% screening among U.S. adults diagnosed with diabetes: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Abstract Aims To assess differences in HbA1C% screening by health care providers (HCP’s) in U.S. adults with previously diagnosed diabetes using nationally representative survey data collected during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 1725 adults from the 2011–2016 NHANES. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for having received HbA1C% screening from a health care provider in the past year for the entire population, as well as separately based on an individual’s self-reported health insurance status. Results Individuals with health insurance, a history of hypertension, a history of high cholesterol, a higher frequency of visits to a health care provider, and those surveyed during the 2015–2016 NHANES were all significantly more likely to have been screened for HbA1C% in the past year. When compared to Non-Hispanic Whites however, both Hispanic Americans (aOR 0.38 (95% CI, 0.25–0.60) and African Americans (aOR 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32–0.87) with health insurance were significantly less likely to have been screened for HbA1C% in the past year. Conclusion Our results indicate that despite having health insurance, people of color who have diabetes are significantly less likely to have their HbA1C% monitored by a health care provider.
Atypical Form of Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Involving the Skull Base and Temporal Bone.

Background:Cervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon indolent infection caused by Actinomyces spp that typically affects individuals with innate or adaptive immunodeficiencies. Soft tissues of the...
Disinformation, performed: self-presentation of a Russian IRA account on Twitter

ABSTRACTHow disinformation campaigns operate and how they fit into the broader social communication environment – which has been described as a ‘disinformation order’ [Bennett & Livingston, (2018)....
Religious reactions to new technologies

Chris Toumey explores the way in which reactions to nanotechnology from different religious denominations can be translated to other emerging technologies.