cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective on-chip inductance modeling for multiple signal lines and application on repeater insertion

A new approach to handle the inductance effect on multiple signal lines is presented. The worst case switching pattern is first identified. Then a numerical approach is used to model the effective loop inductance (L/sub eff/) for multiple lines. Based on look-up table for L/sub eff/, an equivalent single line model can be generated to decouple a specific signal line from the others to perform static timing analysis. Compared to the use of full RLC netlist for multiple lines, this approach greatly improves the computation efficiency and maintains accuracy for timing and signal integrity analysis. Applications to repeater insertion in the critical path chains are demonstrated. For a single line, the RLC model minimizes delay with fewer number of repeaters than RC model. However, for multiple lines, we find that same number of repeaters is inserted for optimal delay according to both the RC and RLC multiple line models.
Dedifferentiation and reprogramming: origins of cancer stem cells

Regenerative medicine aims to replace the lost or damaged cells in the human body through a new source of healthy transplanted cells or by endogenous repair. Although human embryonic stem cells were first thought to be the ideal source for cell therapy and tissue repair in humans, the discovery by Yamanaka and colleagues revolutionized the field. Almost any differentiated cell can be sent back in time to a pluripotency state by expressing the appropriate transcription factors. The process of somatic reprogramming using Yamanaka factors, many of which are oncogenes, offers a glimpse into how cancer stem cells may originate. In this review we discuss the similarities between tumor dedifferentiation and somatic cell reprogramming and how this may pose a risk to the application of this new technology in regenerative medicine.
A Multiple Additive Regression Tree Analysis of Three Exposure Measures During Hurricane Katrina

This paper analyses structural and personal exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Structural exposure is measured by flood height and building damage; personal exposure is measured by the locations of 911 calls made during the response. Using these variables, this paper characterises the geography of exposure and also demonstrates the utility of a robust analytical approach in understanding health-related challenges to disadvantaged populations during recovery. Analysis is conducted using a contemporary statistical approach, a multiple additive regression tree (MART), which displays considerable improvement over traditional regression analysis. By using MART, the percentage of improvement in R-squares over standard multiple linear regression ranges from about 62 to more than 100 per cent. The most revealing finding is the modelled verification that African Americans experienced disproportionate exposure in both structural and personal contexts. Given the impact of exposure to health outcomes, this finding has implications for understanding the long-term health challenges facing this population.
Research Priorities for YouTube and Video-Sharing Technologies: A Delphi Study.

Online video-sharing services, particularly YouTube, have gained an audience of billions of users including educators and scholars. While the academic literature provides some evidence that YouTube has been studied and written about, little is known about priorities for YouTube research. The study employed the Delphi method to obtain a consensus from experts about areas that are most in need of research in video-sharing technology (particularly YouTube). An expert panel, identified from a comprehensive review of the literature, participated in a three-round Delphi process involving two cycles of online questionnaires and feedback reports. Participants responded to the question, 'What should be the research priorities in video-sharing technologies (particularly YouTube) over the next 5 years?' Seven research priority categories were identified and ranked in order of priority: (1) users, groups and communities; (2) teaching/learning; (3) social/political impact; (4) video creation/production; (5) legal/ethical; (6) media management; and (7) commercial interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance

Cachexia causes weight loss and increased mortality. It affects more than 5 million persons in the United States. Other causes of weight loss include anorexia, sarcopenia, and dehydration. The pathophysiology of cachexia is reviewed in this article. The major cause appears to be cytokine excess. Other potential mediators include testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I deficiency, excess myostatin, and excess glucocorticoids. Numerous diseases can result in cachexia, each by a slightly different mechanism. Both nutritional support and orexigenic agents play a role in the management of cachexia.
Institutionalized Organizational Learning and Strategic Renewal: The Benefits and Liabilities of Prevailing Wisdom

Strategic renewal depends on achieving an appropriate balance between using what an organization has learned and continuing to gain new insights and solutions. The process of institutionalizing org...
Relationship Between Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion and Time of Day

Both cardiovascular function and dysfunction exhibit profound time-of-day-dependent oscillations. Coincident with increased sympathetic tone, vascular resistance, and pro-thrombolytic potential, the onset of myocardial infarctions occurs with greatest frequency between 6 a.m. and 12 noon. In addition, the heart exhibits poorest tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion at this time, as evidenced by the extent of cardiac injury. Temporal rhythms in both the onset and tolerance of the heart to ischemic episodes are likely the product of complex interactions between extrinsic (e.g., environmental-/behavioral-modulated) and intrinsic (e.g., circadian clock-regulated) factors. Future pharmacological strategies for myocardial infarction prevention and/or minimizing reperfusion injury should consider time-of-day-dependent rhythms in both extrinsic and intrinsic factors.
The State of Play in City Claims Against Financial Firms

In 2006, before the subprime mortgage crisis and the collapse of the financial markets, I wrote an article titled Do Cities Have Standing? Redressing the Externalities of Predatory Lending. In the article, I addressed the possibility that cities had standing to recover for the damage that predatory lenders were inflicting on their communities. At the time, exploitative lenders were putting unsophisticated borrowers in loans they could not afford, and many of those borrowers have since lost or will lose their homes.Municipalities were in impossible positions. They were powerless to prevent abusive lending. Only state and federal legislatures and regulators had the authority to restrict unfair loan products; yet the cities bore the burden of unaffordable loans in the form of abandoned property, displaced families, increased demands for police and fire protection, and declining tax revenues.The focus of my article was analyzing the availability of (1) parens patriae standing to cities and (2) city standing based on direct injuries in claims against lenders who engaged in predatory lending. In the course of the article, I also identified potential claims cities could bring and argued for broader municipal standing. Jonathan Entin and Shadya Yazback wrote an article in response to Do Cities Have Standing, in which they echoed my analysis of city standing as parens patriae and as claimants for injuries to their proprietary interests. They also explored the potential for claims under the Fair Housing Act and discussed the role that preemption has played in limiting cities’ ability to directly regulate lenders.Eight years later, we now know more about the role of lenders in exploiting borrowers. We also know more about the impact that exploitative and unfair lending has had on communities. And, most importantly for this essay, several cities have brought lawsuits that test some of the theories I put forth in my original article.
Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysm in Kids: Analysis of Kids Inpatient Database (P04.091)

OBJECTIVE: To determine hospital mortality and complication rates associated with surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of cerebral aneurysms in children. BACKGROUND: Coiling has emerged as an alternative modality to clipping in the treatment of Children9s Intracranial Aneurysms. ISAT had evaluated both treatment modalities for ruptured aneurysms in adult and showed superiority of coiling over clipping with a lower mortality and epilepsy rates at 1 year. There is lack of good evidence in children to address these treatment options in a large sample size. DESIGN/METHODS: From the Kid9s Inpatient Sample database for the years 1998 through 2009, we identified a cohort of children admitted with the diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hospital mortality and complication rates were compared among the clipping and coiling treatment groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis used to identify independent variables associated with hospital mortality. RESULTS: 1120 children included in the analysis. Two hundred children had aneurysm clipping and 920 had endovascular coiling procedures. Hospital mortality was higher in the clipped population, 6.09% versus 1.65% (adjusted odds ratio 3.02; 95% CI 1.24, 7.36; P = 0.002). Hydrocephalus, status epilepticus and pulmonary complications were higher in the clipped population (P = 0.001). The length of hospital stay as well as the hospital charges was higher in the clipped population (P = 0.0001). The rate of hospitals9 use of the endovascular coiling has increased in various types of hospitals over the years included in this study (P = 0.0001). The trend in mortality rates among the clipped population remained higher (5.4%-6.2%) compared to the coiled group (1-2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular coiling of cerebral aneurysms in children is associated with fewer deaths and complications, shorter hospital stay, and less hospital charges compared to clipping. The trend of hospitals9 utilization of coiling procedures has increased during the recent years. Disclosure: Dr. Alawi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Allam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kalia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vora has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alshekhlee has nothing to disclose.
Crisis and control: the militarization of protest policing

Global unrest stemming from economic inequalities, coupled with issues of police brutality, appears to be at an all-time high. Lesley J. Wood’s Crisis and Control is therefore essential reading for...
Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR2) mutation in Arabidopsis implicates glutathione deficiency in selenate toxicity

APR2 is the dominant APR (adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and converts activated sulfate to sulfite, a key reaction in the sulfate reduction pathway. To determine whether APR2 has a role in selenium tolerance and metabolism, a mutant Arabidopsis line (apr2-1) was studied. apr2-1 plants had decreased selenate tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency. Sulfur metabolism was perturbed in apr2-1 plants grown on selenate, as observed by an increase in total sulfur and sulfate, and a 2-fold decrease in glutathione concentration. The altered sulfur metabolism in apr2-1 grown on selenate did not reflect typical sulfate starvation, as cysteine and methionine levels were increased. Knockout of APR2 also increased the accumulation of total selenium and selenate. However, the accumulation of selenite and selenium incorporation in protein was lower in apr2-1 mutants. Decreased incorporation of selenium in protein is typically associated with increased selenium tolerance in plants. However, because the apr2-1 mutant exhibited decreased tolerance to selenate, we propose that selenium toxicity can also be caused by selenate's disruption of glutathione biosynthesis leading to enhanced levels of damaging ROS (reactive oxygen species).
Application of two breadboard methods in serologial screening of syphilis

[Objective]To explore effective methods to increase the sensitivity and specificity in the serology screening of syphilis among specialized population.The results will also be benefitial to evaluate the trend of epidemic of syphilis.[Methods]Continuous serological screening of syphilis among prostitudes by using TPPA together with TRUST methods.[Results]Among 581 cases,the cases positive in TPPA and TRUST were 119 and 55 and the positive rates were 20.48% and 9.46% respectively.The positive rate of TRUST was only 46.21% of that of TPPA.[Conclusion]TPPA can be applied in screening of syphilis serologicall especially among the special population,blood-doners and in fixed places for serology monitoring.TRUST/RPR can be applied in the positive cases of TPPA in order to diagnose syphilis qualitatively and quantitatively,so as to identify syphilis in various periods,reduce missed diagnosis and evaluate the epidemic of syphilis.
Judgment of Static Voltage Stability for Microgrid

The characteristics of microsources and transmission lines in microgrids decide the differences of operating parameters compared with that in high voltage transmission grid,such as buses voltages and frequencies.However,the static voltage stability of a microgrid is one of the significant symbols to evaluate the microgrid stable operation.A real-time index based on Thevenin equivalent algorithm is proposed to analyze static voltage stability for microgrid with continuous load growth.This index uses local electric synchronized phase measurement to assign the parameters in principle model of index,iterative correction and Thevenin equivalent branch.The transmit power limit is used as the confine of static voltage stability by real time calculation of the index.The index could meet the needs of real-time static voltage stability judgment for microgrid with the advantages of rapid calculation and no need for all the network parameters.Ther three sources nine nodes system is used to prove correctness and rationality of the index.A thirteen nodes microgrid is built to analyze the influence of bus types,positions and capacities of microsources to the static voltage stability,with a effectiveness proving for the index.
Intercellular Targets of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a hormonally driven disease with a relatively long natural history and predictable pattern of metastasis. Intercellular growth factor signals play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer in both the hormone-intact setting as well as disease progression in the setting of androgen deprivation therapy. Many intercellular growth factors have been implicated in prostate cancer based on various levels of evidence, from epidemiological studies to preclinical models. In this chapter, we review some of the most prominent intercellular growth factor pathways involved in prostate cancer, particular in the so-called hormone-refractory setting. In particular, we focus on those pathways for which targeted therapeutics have been developed and are being tested in clinical trials for patients with advanced prostate cancer. In the future, insights into the biology of these intercellular targets may lead to patient selection for clinical trials based upon biomarker or molecular profiles in order to enrich for reponse to targeted therapy.
Initial Outcomes for the NHLBI K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Program in Relation to Long-Standing Career Development Programs: Implications for Trainees, Mentors, and Institutions.

Sufficient history now exists to assess the National Institutes of Health Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00), first offered in 2007 to support the career development of biomedical researchers. The success of K99 (Mentored Phase of the K99/R00) principal investigators in obtaining subsequent grant support was compared with that of principal investigators supported by the long-standing K08 (Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award) and K23 (Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award) programs. For cardiovascular K awards initiated in fiscal years 2007 to 2009, K99 principal investigators were more successful in obtaining subsequent grant support than the other groups. Although a bibliometric analysis showed similar publication quality for all groups, the K99 group was most persistent in applying for the next grant. Possible implications of these findings for all K Award principal investigators, their mentors, and institutions are presented. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) supports a variety of career development or K awards to facilitate the careers of promising investigators through mentorship, salary support, resources, and protected research time with the broad objective of maintaining a skilled cadre of independent biomedical researchers.1 There are several K mechanisms, and each NIH Institute or Center offers those that best support its mission. Assessments of the entire K program both within2,3 and across NIH Institutes or Centers1 and external reviews by working groups of the Advisory Committee to the Director of NIH4 have shaped the overall structure and performance of K Award programs to achieve a diverse and highly productive research workforce. Recently, we have investigated outcomes for the most prevalent mentored K Awards within the portfolio of the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (DCVS) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). K08 (Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award), K23 (Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development …
A pilot study and novel angiographic classification for superior sagittal sinus stenting in patients with non-thrombotic intracranial venous occlusive disease

Objective Safety and efficacy of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) stenting for non-thrombotic intracranial venous occlusive disease (VOD) is unknown. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate outcomes after SSS stenting. Methods We evaluated an institutional database to identify patients who underwent SSS stenting. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed and a novel angiographic classification of the SSS was proposed. Results We identified 19 patients; 42% developed SSS stenosis after transverse sinus stenting. Pre-stent maximum mean venous pressure (MVP) in the SSS of 16.2 mm Hg decreased to 13.1 mm Hg after stenting (p=0.037). Preoperative trans-stenosis pressure gradient of 4.2 mm Hg decreased to 1.5 mm Hg after stenting (p Conclusions SSS stenting is reasonably safe, may improve clinical symptoms, and significantly reduces maximum MVP and trans-stenosis pressure gradients in patients with VOD with SSS stenosis. The S1 segment is most commonly stenotic, and minimum pressure gradients for symptomatic SSS stenosis may be lower than for transverse or sigmoid stenosis. Additional studies and follow-up are necessary to better elucidate appropriate clinical indications and long-term efficacy of SSS stenting.
Quantitative 3D evolution of colloidal nanoparticle oxidation in solution

Real-time tracking of the three-dimensional (3D) evolution of colloidal nanoparticles in solution is essential for understanding complex mechanisms involved in nanoparticle growth and transformation. We used time-resolved small-angle and wide-angle x-ray scattering simultaneously to monitor oxidation of highly uniform colloidal iron nanoparticles, enabling the reconstruction of intermediate 3D morphologies of the nanoparticles with a spatial resolution of ~5 angstroms. The in situ observations, combined with large-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations, reveal the details of the transformation from solid metal nanoparticles to hollow metal oxide nanoshells via a nanoscale Kirkendall process-for example, coalescence of voids as they grow and reversal of mass diffusion direction depending on crystallinity. Our results highlight the complex interplay between defect chemistry and defect dynamics in determining nanoparticle transformation and formation.
Mathematical Reflections: The Design Potential of Ensemble Performance

This paper describes learning in new forms of mathematical activity that involve multiple, moving bodies. It reports on initial findings from interviews with participants from various disciplines, who were asked to find and make sense of emergent mathematics in performances from the opening ceremony of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Findings from these interviews will inform future design studies of experimental mathematics teaching and learning.
Sciurus vulgaris (Hokkaido squirrel)

A number of chromosome pairs are similar in morphology so that pairing is rather subjective. This also applies to the identification of the X.
Fifteen years of using a second stage protein substitute for weaning in phenylketonuria: a retrospective study

Background In phenylketonuria (PKU), during weaning, it is necessary to introduce a second stage phenylalanine (Phe)-free protein substitute (PS) to help meet non-Phe protein requirements. Semi-solid weaning Phe-free PS have been available for >15 years, although no long-term studies have reported their efficacy. Methods Retrospective data from 31 children with PKU who commenced a weaning PS were collected from clinical records from age of weaning to 2 years, on: gender; birth order; weaning age; anthropometry; blood Phe levels; age commenced and dosage of weaning PS and Phe-free infant L-amino acid formula; natural protein intake; and issues with administration of PS or food. Results Median commencement age for weaning was 17 weeks (range 12–25 weeks) and, for weaning PS, 20 weeks (range 13–37 weeks). Median natural protein was 4 g day−1 (range 3–11 g day−1) and total protein intake was >2 g kg−1 day−1 from weaning to 2 years of age. Children started on 2–4 g day−1 protein equivalent (5–10 g day−1 of powder) from weaning PS, increasing by 0.2 g kg−1 day−1 (2 g day−1) monthly to 12 months of age. Teething and illness adversely affected the administration of weaning PS and the acceptance of solid foods. Altogether, 32% of children had delayed introduction of more textured foods, associated with birth order (firstborn 80% versus 38%; P = 0.05) and food refusal when teething (80% versus 29%; P = 0.02). Conclusions Timing of introduction of solid foods and weaning PS, progression onto more textured foods and consistent feeding routines were important in aiding their acceptance. Any negative behaviour with weaning PS was mainly associated with food refusal, teething and illness. Parental approach influenced the acceptance of weaning PS.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to understand the observed drug–drug interaction of LY2623091 with CYP3A inhibitors itraconazole and diltiazem

Aims: Drug–drug interaction studies were used to estimate CYP3A4-dependent clearance of LY2623091. Methods: in a cross-over design, healthy adults received a single 6-mg dose of LY2623091 at baseline. Itraconazole (200 mg twice on day 1 then daily × 19 days; n = 16) and diltiazem (240 mg Extended Release daily × 13 days; n = 16) were given. On days 6 and 4, respectively, LY2623091 was dosed 1 h after itraconazole/diltiazem. Pharmacokinetic samples were obtained and static and dynamic models were used to assess interaction. Results: Area under the concentration–time curve for LY2623091 increased 2.2-fold with itraconazole and 1.4-fold with diltiazem. Maximum plasma concentration did not change. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic model overpredicted itraconazole and hydroxy–itraconazole concentrations. Extraction by CYP3A4 was ∼0.5; gut wall extraction was negligible. Conclusion: Interaction risk requires early clinical assessment to quantify the candidate drug. (Clinical trial registration number: N...
Rapid Repeat Birth: Intersections Between Meaning-Making and Situational Support Among Multiparous Adolescent Mothers:

This study examined interpretations of motherhood among adolescents who have experienced rapid repeat births (second births within 24 months of the primiparous birth). Analyses of participants’ des...
Ethics Theory and Ethics Practice

This article’s thesis is that teachers of practical and professional ethics should adopt what Nick Fotion calls a “weak” approach to ethics theory and reasoning, one that is situated within a practice-driven attitude toward ethics engagement. This approach insists that ethics reasoning should strive to find real solutions to real world problems, while also embracing that such solutions are more often than not only tentative. That is, the approach does not demand that one’s reasoning model will always provide the complete and final answer to every ethics question, but instead strives for the best answer within acknowledged epistemological deficits. This humbler attitude recognizes that one’s proposed solutions could very well be upended by facts not currently available or by more skilled reasoning. Adopting such an approach can also do much to alleviate what I call the “roller-coaster” effect: namely, the all-too-common experience of reading the traditional theorists, quite rightly finding that they provide powerful and compelling—even convincing—arguments, only to then have that conviction undercut by the often devastating critique presented by the text or professor. On this model, one instead embraces key insights from those theorists and works to merge them into a practical method of ethics reasoning. I close with a proposal for one such method.
Mixed-Signal POp/J Computing with Nonvolatile Memories

The present-day revolution in deep learning was triggered not by any significant algorithm breakthrough, but by the use of more powerful GPU hardware [1]. Though this revolution has stimulated the development of even more powerful dedicated digital systems [2, 3], their speed and energy efficiency are still insufficient for ultrafast pattern classification and more ambitious cognitive tasks. The main reason is that the use of digital operations for the implementation of neuromorphic networks, with their high redundancy and noise/variability tolerance, is inherently unnatural. On the other hand, the network performance may be dramatically improved using mixed-signal integrated circuits, where the key inference-stage operation, the vector-by-matrix multiplication, is implemented on the physical level by utilization of the fundamental Ohm and Kirchhoff laws [4-6].
Bm-iAANAT and its potential role in fatty acid amide biosynthesis in Bombyx mori.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to unravel the substrate specificity and kinetic properties of an insect arylalkylamine N-acyltransferase from Bombyx mori (Bm-iAANAT) and to determine if this enzyme will catalyze the formation of long chain N-acylarylalkylamides in vitro. However, the determination of substrates and products for Bm-iAANAT in vitro is no guarantee that these same molecules are substrates and products for the enzyme in the organism. Therefore, RT-PCR was performed to detect the Bm-iAANAT transcripts and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis was performed on purified lipid extracts from B. mori larvae (fourth instar, Bmi4) to determine if long chain fatty acid amides are produced in B. mori. Ultimately, we found that recombinant Bm-iAANAT will utilize long-chain acyl-CoA thioesters as substrates and identified Bm-iAANAT transcripts and long-chain fatty acid amides in Bmi4. Together, these data show Bm-iAANAT will catalyze the formation of long-chain N-acylarylalkylamides in vitro and provide evidence demonstrating that Bm-iAANAT has a role in fatty acid amide biosynthesis in B. mori, as well.
Comparison of motility stimulants for cryopreserved human semen

Caffeine, pentoxifylline, 2-deoxyadenosine, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), relaxin, adenosine, kallikrein, and calcium were compared for their ability to stimulate motility of cryopreserved sperm. Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and 2-deoxyadenosine significantly increased the percentage of motile sperm at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after administration. Sperm velocity was significantly increased by caffeine at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and by pentoxifylline at 0, 45, and 60 minutes. Consistent stimulation was not observed for other chemicals. Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and 2-deoxyadenosine were then examined for their ability to provide motility stimulation after removal with washing. With the exception of caffeine, percent motility and velocity for stimulated and untreated sperm were similar after washing. A significant reduction in motility was observed at 48 hours after washing for caffeine. The percentage of hamster oocytes penetrated at 24 hours after washing was significantly reduced for caffeine, 2-deoxyadenosine, and pentoxifylline combined with 2-deoxyadenosine. Pentoxifylline-treated sperm showed no reduction in fertilizing capacity. These results indicate that, of the chemicals examined, pentoxifylline is superior for motility stimulation of cryopreserved sperm.
Application of evidence-based medicine to veterinary science and food safety

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination to reduce Salmonella prevalence in market weight finisher swine. A search of online databases, and selected conference proceedings was conducted to identify relevant studies. The review process followed relevance screening, methodological quality assessment and data extraction. Although multiple outcomes were frequently reported, only outcomes describing culture of Salmonella were extracted. Five clinical trials and 23
Identification and Bioinformatic Analyses of Vanillate Operon in Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. IU 625

Vanillate is a byproduct of saprotrophic digestion of plant lignin. We demonstrated that Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. IU 625 (S. IU 625) is capable of utilizing vanillate as a sole carbon source when deprived of light for photosynthesis. Result indicated that S. IU 625 is capable of utilizing vanillate as a sole carbon source at 0.5 and 1.0 mM concentrations when light is not provided for photosynthesis. Using the sequences obtained from Caulobacter crescentus NA1000, analysis of potential genes for vanillate utilization has been carried out. Of the three proteins which are coded for in the vanillate utilization operon in C. crescentus, VanA, VanB, and VanR; homology from VanB has been found to two unique unidentified proteins in a related species of cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. This study was aimed at identification of the genes which compose vanillate operon in cyanobacteria to better understand potential cyanobacterial heterotrophic growth.
Cancer fatalism among elderly Caucasians and African Americans.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between selected demographic factors (e.g., education, income, ethnicity, gender, age) and cancer fatalism. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Randomly selected senior citizen centers in a southern state. SAMPLE: The majority of the participants (N = 192) were female African Americans. Mean age of participants was 76 years, mean years of education was < or = 8 years, and mean income was below $6,500 per year. METHODS: Demographic data was collected and Powe Fatalism Inventory was completed in face-to-face interviews. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Education, income, ethnicity, gender, age, and cancer fatalism. FINDINGS: Significant negative correlations between cancer fatalism and education and income were found. Significant correlations also existed between cancer fatalism and ethnicity and gender. Age was not a significant predictor of cancer fatalism. CONCLUSIONS: As participants' level of education and income decreased, cancer fatalism scores increased. African Americans and females had higher mean cancer fatalism scores. Education, income, ethnicity, and gender could be used to predict cancer fatalism scores. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Future research should evaluate the relationship between cancer fatalism and early detection practices.
Comparing Closed Chamber Measures of Ammonia Volatilization from Kentucky Bluegrass Fertilized by Granular Urea1

Abstract Easy handling and low unit N cost make prilled urea (46-0-0) a popular fertilizer. While incomplete recovery of granular urea applications by turfgrass is documented, practical guidance for small-plot field assessment of ammonia (NH3) volatilization remains limited. Our objectives were to (i) develop a method for field-implementation of closed flux/dynamic chambers to measure ammonia emission over a 3-day period following granular urea application to turfgrass, and (ii) infer the significance of said measures to levels arising from simultaneous static-chamber measures. A Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Midnight’) lawn was treated with granular urea-N at a rate of 0 or 43 kg.ha−1 (38 lb/A) twice in both 2014 and 2015. Flux chamber measures of mean ammonia volatilization from urea-N fertilizer applied 3 days previous exceeded simultaneous static chamber measures by a factor of 17. Relative to static, the closed dynamic/flux chamber system described affords a more precise and efficient method ...
Medication Treatment For Opioid Use Disorders In Substance Use Treatment Facilities.

Medication treatment (MT) is one of the few evidence-based strategies proposed to combat the current opioid epidemic. We examined national trends and correlates of offering MT in substance use trea...
One Actor, Many Roles: Histopathologies Associated With APOL1 Genetic Variants.

Genetic variants in APOL1, encoding apolipoprotein L1, are major drivers of glomerular disease in peoples of sub-Saharan African descent. APOL1-associated primary glomerular diseases include focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathies, and arterionephros
Indexing for the online catalog

Avec la proliferation des catalogues en ligne accessibles au public (OPAC) une analyse raisonnee systematique est necessaire pour permettre une evaluation comparative de leurs conceptions. Si l'on considere les OPAC sous l'angle de l'indexation, 3 aspects peuvent etre analyses: la variete des donnees bibliographiques traitees, les types d'index produits, les procedes de recherches dans ces index utilises. Aucune configuration ne s'applique aux projets de bibliotheques de recherche avec la meme efficacite ou ne repond aux questions de facon satisfaisante. Cependant l'analyse raisonnee proposee permet de comparer et d'evaluer les differents types de catalogues automatises de bibliotheque en terme d'adequation entre le fonds de la bibliotheque et son utilisation. (INTD)
Faculty Cooperative Curricular Activities: Shared Learning Experiences + Faculty Collaboration = Engaged Learners.

This article describes the Faculty Cooperative Curricular Activities (FCCA) model developed and implemented in the Recreation Management program at Appalachian State University. FCCA’s are experien...
1 – Basic Sciences

Publisher Summary Voluntary movements, including walking, result from a complicated process involving the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, bones, and joints. This chapter focuses on three scientific disciplines—anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics. It describes some basic anatomical terms, the bones, joints, muscles, nervous system, and blood supply. Biomechanics is a scientific discipline, which studies biological systems, such as the human body, by the methods of mechanical engineering. Because gait is a mechanical process that is performed by a biological system, the methods of biomechanics are suited to its investigation. Mechanical engineering is a vast subject, but the descriptions of the aspects that are relevant to gait analysis, especially mass, force, center of gravity, moments of force, and motion, linear and angular, have been considered. The science of biomechanics can be extremely mathematical.
Heterometallic multinuclear nodes directing MOF electronic behavior.

Metal node engineering in combination with modularity, topological diversity, and porosity of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could advance energy and optoelectronic sectors. In this study, we focus on MOFs with multinuclear heterometallic nodes for establishing metal−property trends, i.e., connecting atomic scale changes with macroscopic material properties by utilization of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, conductivity measurements, X-ray photoelectron and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, and density functional theory calculations. The results of Bader charge analysis and studies employing the Voronoi–Dirichlet partition of crystal structures are also presented. As an example of frameworks with different nodal arrangements, we have chosen MOFs with mononuclear, binuclear, and pentanuclear nodes, primarily consisting of first-row transition metals, that are incorporated in HHTP-, BTC-, and NIP-systems, respectively (HHTP3− = triphenylene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaone; BTC3− = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; and NIP2− = 5-nitroisophthalate). Through probing framework electronic profiles, we demonstrate structure–property relationships, and also highlight the necessity for both comprehensive analysis of trends in metal properties, and novel avenues for preparation of heterometallic multinuclear isoreticular structures, which are critical components for on-demand tailoring of properties in heterometallic systems.
Flexible Scheduling Policy for Pregnant and New Parent Residents: A Descriptive Pilot Study

Objectives Many physicians complete residency training during optimal childbearing years. The literature shows that working nights or on call can lead to pregnancy complications including miscarriage, preterm labor, and preeclampsia. In addition, infant-parent bonding in the postpartum period is crucial for breastfeeding, health, and well-being. No national standards exist for flexible scheduling options for pregnant or new parent residents. Our project objectives are 1) to describe a policy for scheduling pregnant and new parent residents in an emergency medicine (EM) residency and 2) to report pilot outcomes to assess feasibility of implementation, resident satisfaction, and pregnancy outcomes. Methods An EM residency task force developed a proposal of scheduling options for pregnant and new parent residents based on best practice recommendations and resident input. The policy included prenatal scheduling options for pregnant residents and postpartum scheduling options for all new resident parents. Resident support for the policy was evaluated via an anonymous survey. It was piloted for 2 months in an EM residency program. Results Policy development resulted in 1) an opt-out prenatal pregnancy work hour option policy with no nights or call during the first and third trimesters, 2) a 6-week new parent flexible scheduling policy, and 3) clarified sick call options. A majority of residents approved the new policy. During the 2-month pilot period, four residents (of 73 total) utilized the policy. The chief residents reported no added burden in scheduling. Of the residents who utilized the policy, all reported high satisfaction. There were no reported pregnancy or postpartum complications. Conclusions We successfully adopted a new scheduling policy for pregnant residents and new parents in one of the largest EM residency training programs in the country. This policy can serve as a national model for other graduate medical education programs.
Neural Composition: Learning to Generate from Multiple Models

Decomposing models into multiple components is critically important in many applications such as language modeling (LM) as it enables adapting individual components separately and biasing of some components to the user's personal preferences. Conventionally, contextual and personalized adaptation for language models, are achieved through class-based factorization, which requires class-annotated data, or through biasing to individual phrases which is limited in scale. In this paper, we propose a system that combines model-defined components, by learning when to activate the generation process from each individual component, and how to combine probability distributions from each component, directly from unlabeled text data.
Lactic fermentation of grain sorghum: effect of variety and pretreatment on the production of lactic acid and biomass

Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for lactic acid fermentation; however, tannins contained in some varieties affect the efficiency of hydrolysis and fermentation. This work objective was to assess the effect of pre-treatment of grain sorghum on the production of lactic acid and biomass after fermentation. Sorghum varieties with low, medium, and high tannins were pretreated, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and fermented with Lactobacillus casei. The pre-treatments consisted of cooking the grains in lime, cooking in plain water, and no treatment (control). Pretreated sorghum flours were hydrolyzed using thermostable α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Lime pre-treatment showed a significant improvement in protein content, digestibility, and lactic acid production after fermentation, in relation to the non-treated samples. Although differences were not significant for low and medium tannins, lime treatment increase lactic acid production for the cooked-in-lime high-tannin sorghum in relation to the control. For this sorghum/treatment combination, the lactic acid production was 138 g/L, with a volumetric productivity of 1.57 g/L·h and 85/100 g yield based on initial starch, which is equivalent to 69 g of lactic acid per 100 g of sorghum d.b.
Abstract LB072: SARS-CoV-2 proteins and anti-COVID-19 drugs induce lytic reactivation of an oncogenic virus

An outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease, has infected over 75,000,000 people since the end of 2019, killed over 1,600,000, and caused worldwide social and economic disruption. Because the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells and its pathogenesis remain largely unclear, there are currently no antiviral drugs with proven efficacy. Besides severe respiratory and systematic symptoms, several comorbidities increase risk of fatal disease outcome. Therefore, it is required to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on pre-existing diseases of patients, such as cancer and other infectious diseases. Kaposi9s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, such as Kaposi9s sarcoma (KS) and Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), mostly seen in immunosuppressed patients especially people with HIV infection. In the current study, we for the first time report that SARS-CoV-2 encoded spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and some currently used anti-COVID-19 drugs (especially Azithromycin and Nafamostat mesylate) are able to induce lytic reactivation of KSHV from virus infected normal and tumor cells, through manipulation of intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, we found the obvious upregulation of ACE2 expression, the major receptor of SARS-CoV-2, in AIDS-KS tissues, indicating that KSHV may potentially increase SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Together, our data indicate that those KSHV+ patients especially in endemic areas exposure to COVID-19 or undergoing the treatment may have increased risks to develop these virus-associated cancers, even after they have fully recovered from COVID-19. Citation Format: Zhiqiang Qin, Jungang Chen, Lu Dai, Lindsey Barrett, Steven Post. SARS-CoV-2 proteins and anti-COVID-19 drugs induce lytic reactivation of an oncogenic virus [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB072.
Fitting Protein Structures to Experimental Data

For a very long time scientists have been trying to construct models of things they could not directly observe. Plato wrote about this type of problem in his Republic: In the allegory of the cave, he considered the problem of discerning the shape of an object from the shadows it casts in the firelight on the walls of the cave. There is much to be learned from scientists who labored before it was even possible to detect nuclear spin resonance about the proper way to construct physical models that are consistent with indirect observations. In the informal spirit of an Erice afternoon, we will describe the insights of a mathematician, Lagrange, a minister, Bayes, and a biochemist, Haldane, and apply them to protein structure determination by NMR. Some profound insights come from a very unlikely source—a manifesto by Haldane on how to fake data.
Introduction to the software architecture minitrack

To begin, the field did not spontaneously create itself in 1990. But that time-frame was when the term “software architecture” began to gain widespread acceptance and when the field first attracted substantial attention from both industry and the research community. The field was created out of necessity. Software systems were growing larger: systems of hundreds of thousands or even millions of lines of code were becoming commonplace. Clearly the foundations of the ideas underlying the field that is today called “software architecture” were laid by Parnas, Brooks, Dijkstra and others in the 1960s through the 1980s—but what changed is that by the 1990s such large systems were becoming common. The pervasiveness of such huge systems meant that they needed to be understood and managed by ordinary skilled engineers. These systems were no longer solely the province of a select few virtuosos .
Luminescent porous silicon: Synthesis, chemistry, and applications

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the preparation, chemistry, and photophysics of luminescent porous silicon and discusses some of its potential applications. Porous silicon's properties vary tremendously, with sample preparation and handling, which has exacerbated the controversy, surrounding the emission mechanism. Due to the heterogeneous nature of porous silicon, traditional surface analysis methods do not always provide a complete picture. It is possible that several emission mechanisms may be operative in porous silicon, with varying degrees of importance, depending upon the particular sample studied. Molecular oxide species, such as siloxene (Si 6 O 3 H 6 ), have been hypothesized to be responsible for the photoluminescence of porous silicon. This postulate arose from observed similarities between the Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectra of oxidized porous silicon and siloxene. The surface of as-formed porous silicon is usually terminated, with oxide or hydride species. Chemical reactions at the porous silicon surface generate new surface species that can act as efficient carrier traps.
Self‐Directed Work Teams

Self-directed work teams (SDWTs) are groups of employees who manage themselves and their work. They are unique in that they perform all of the tasks necessary to produce a product or service and they govern themselves. Team members – not supervisors – decide how best to perform the work. For example, team members determine work schedules and assign work roles – tasks more typically performed by a supervisor. However, SDWTs do have limits to their decision-making. While they organize their own work they do not have control over policy and procedures that affect colleagues in other work units. Other names for SDWTs include self-managed work groups, self-regulating work groups, autonomous work groups, socio-technical systems and empowered teams (Cohen & Bailey, 1997; Manz & Sims, 1987; Sundstrom, McIntyre, Halfhil, & Richards, 2000).
Cannabis Sativa L. (Marijuana) : VII. The relative specificity of the RIM test

A total of 526 non-marijuana plant samples representing 427 different plant species were subjected to the RIM test (Rutgers Identification for Marijuana test). Although a few samples gave Fast Blue B reactive spots when examined by thin-layer chromatography, the spots could easily be distinguished from the marijuana cannabinoid spots. No plants were found to exhibit false positive results and hence the method is considered to be relatively specific for marijuana.