cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treasury Bills, Bonds And Sector Inflation Indices: A Spectral Analysis

This paper uses spectral and correlation techniques to analyze the relationship between several inflation indicators and nominal interest rates. Empirical definitions of real interest rates reduce to stating real rates are equal to nominal interest rates minus expected inflation. To represent a number for inflation, economy-wide measures such as the GDP deflator or the Consumer Price Index are employed. This uncritical usage results more often than not in implausible values for real interest rates. In particular, volatile negative real rates are encountered for prolonged periods ranging from six months to up to three years. Such long time intervals for negative real rates amounts to accepting the unrealistic proposition that profit maximizing lenders, such as commercial bank officers, pay hefty fees to borrowers to have them use their institution's loanable funds. This paper questions the effectiveness of GDP or CPI inflation measures in surrogating for expected inflation. We find instead that narrower sector (industry) inflation indices such as fuels or raw materials prices appear to be improved measures. The issue matters since accurate real interest rate estimates are necessary for policy (Taylor rules), financial model evaluation, and discounting.
Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences In Social Knowledge Creation And Exchange: A Preliminary Examination

This paper chronicles an exploratory, in-progress research project that compares the findings of Hofstede’s cross-cultural research with those of Forrester’s Social Technographics research. The aim of the project is to determine if a relationship exists between cultural differences and social knowledge creation and exchange. Part one of the study mapped Davenport and Prusak’s information and knowledge creation theories to the six components of Forrester’s Social Technographics study (creators, critics, collectors, joiners, spectators, and inactives). Next, the Social Technographics results from 13 nations were compared with Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity). The analysis included exploring the relationship visually using 24 scatter diagrams, running correlation coefficients (Peasson’s r) for each relationship, testing for significance of Pearson’s r, and finally conducting regression analyses on each relationship. Although the authors believe that culture influences behaviours, this study did not reveal any reasonable relationships between culture and placement along the Social Technographics. However, it is possible that there exists problems in the Hofstede scales. The Hofstede scales have been highly criticized in the literature. It may be that other cross-cultural models such as GLOBE, Schwartz, Triandis, or others may yield different results. In this regard, further research is necessary. The next phase of the project will compare Social Technographics with the GLOBE project findings.
Of Permission Slips and Homophobia: Parental Consent Policies for School Club Participation Aimed at Gay-Positive Student Groups

Gay-positive student groups, often called “Gay-Straight Alliances,” have become more and more common in the nation’s high schools in recent years. They are a way for all students to show their commitment to equality and their acceptance of others, regardless of their sexual orientation. One way schools react to attempts by students to form such clubs is by requiring that parents consent before students can participate in school clubs. These parental consent policies are facially evenhanded in that they apply to all clubs and do not single out GSAs. The context of their adoption, however, usually reveals that they are uniquely directed at the gay-positive groups, whose founding motivated the policies. Despite their evenhandedness, parental consent policies can be challenged under the federal Equal Access Act of 1984, which requires that student groups get “equal access” to school resources. They can also be challenged under the First Amendment, as violating students' rights to expressive association and intimate association.
NMR Structure and Dynamics of the C-Terminal Domain from Human Rev1 and Its Complex with Rev1 Interacting Region of DNA Polymerase η

Rev1 is a translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase essential for DNA damage tolerance in eukaryotes. In the process of TLS stalled high-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases are temporarily replaced by specialized TLS enzymes that can bypass sites of DNA damage (lesions), thus allowing replication to continue or postreplicational gaps to be filled. Despite its limited catalytic activity, human Rev1 plays a key role in TLS by serving as a scaffold that provides an access of Y-family TLS polymerases polη, ι, and κ to their cognate DNA lesions and facilitates their subsequent exchange to polζ that extends the distorted DNA primer-template. Rev1 interaction with the other major human TLS polymerases, polη, ι, κ, and the regulatory subunit Rev7 of polζ, is mediated by Rev1 C-terminal domain (Rev1-CT). We used NMR spectroscopy to determine the spatial structure of the Rev1-CT domain (residues 1157-1251) and its complex with Rev1 interacting region (RIR) from polη (residues 524-539). The domain forms a four-helix bundle with a well-structured N-terminal β-hairpin docking against helices 1 and 2, creating a binding pocket for the two conserved Phe residues of the RIR motif that upon binding folds into an α-helix. NMR spin-relaxation and NMR relaxation dispersion measurements suggest that free Rev1-CT and Rev1-CT/polη-RIR complex exhibit μs-ms conformational dynamics encompassing the RIR binding site, which might facilitate selection of the molecular configuration optimal for binding. These results offer new insights into the control of TLS in human cells by providing a structural basis for understanding the recognition of the Rev1-CT by Y-family DNA polymerases.
Chapter 5 Adaptive Filters and Arrays

Adaptive filters and adaptive arrays have numerous applications as components of communication systems. This chapter focuses on those adaptive filters and adaptive arrays that are amenable to exploiting the special spectral characteristics of spread-spectrum signals to enable interference suppression beyond that inherent in the despreading or dehopping. Adaptive filters for the rejection of narrowband interference or primarily for the rejection of wideband interference are presented. Adaptive arrays for both direct-sequence systems and frequency-hopping systems are described and shown to potentially provide a very high degree of interference suppression.
Nanotechnology and Regulatory Policy: Three Futures

This Article outlines the basic characteristics of nanotechnology as it is currently understood and will briefly describe some of the technical - and social - consequences likely to arise as nanotechnology matures. Next, it examines three potential approaches for regulating nanotechnology and the likely consequences of each. The Article concludes with suggestions for further study, as well as a list of "dos" and "don'ts" for regulating nanotechnology.
A Method to Increase the Scanning Rate of Phased-Array Weather Radar

To increase the scanning rate of phased-array radar by a factor of two or more, the contiguous transmission of two or more pulses toward two or more directions and simultaneous reception of weather echoes from those directions is employed. However, if there are strong gradients of reflectivity, mainlobe-to-sidelobe coupled echoes contaminate wanted mainlobe-to-mainlobe (m–m) coupled echoes and limit the accurate analysis of weather. To retrieve m–m echoes, a technique is derived that restores wanted m–m voltages for antenna sidelobe levels as high as $-$ 30 dB and the difference in echo power of 100 dB for two simultaneously sampled beam directions. The technique is demonstrated using data collected with the WSR-88D radar and simulating PAR operations.
A game-theoretic perspective on advance reservations

Advance reservation is a fundamental paradigm for resource allocation. It is employed in various economic sectors, including cloud computing and communication networks. Although advance reservations are widespread, little is known about the strategic behavior of users facing the decision whether to reserve a resource in advance or not. In this article, we present a game-theoretic framework, called advance reservation (AR) games, to analyze this strategic behavior. We use AR games to analyze the impact of pricing, charging, and information sharing policies on the economic equilibria of the system and on its dynamic behavior. The analysis yields several insights on how a service provider should design a system that supports advance reservations.
Is There an Association of Epidural Corticosteroid Injection With Postoperative Surgical Site Infection After Surgery for Lumbar Degenerative Spine Disease

Study design Retrospective study. Objective To assess the relation between exposure to epidural steroid injection (ESI) before surgery and occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) for degenerative lumbar spine conditions. Summary of background data The effect of local ESI on the occurrence of SSI is controversial. Methods Patients who underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spine conditions at two centers between 2005 and 2015 were identified. Primary outcome measure was SSI within 90 days requiring surgical intervention. Results A total of 5311 patients (age 57 ± 16 years) were analyzed of which 945 (18%) had at least one ESI within 90 days of surgery. One hundred thirty-four (2.5%) patients developed an SSI requiring reoperation. No association of exposure or dose-response relationship was identified between ESI and SSI for any of the time periods (90-, 30-, and 30-90-day). Five (1.7%) of the 290 patients who had at least one ESI within 30 days before surgery had a postoperative infection compared to 129 (2.6%) of the 5021 in the non-ESI group (unadjusted odds ratio: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.27-1.64, P = 0.376). Fifteen (2.0%) of the 761 patients who had at least one ESI within 30 to 90 days before surgery had a postoperative infection, compared to 119 (2.6%) of the 4550 in the non-ESI group (unadjusted odds ratio: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.44-1.29, P = 0.296). Conclusion In this retrospective study we investigated whether an ESI and its timing influences the postoperative risk of an SSI. We found no association-exposure or dose-response relationship-between ESI and postoperative infection, even after adjusting for potential confounders, for any of the time periods (90-, 30-, and 30-90-day ESI). In addition, we did find that longer hospital stay, greater EBL, posterior approach, and drain placement were associated with higher infection rates. Level of evidence 3.
Array comparative genomic hybridisation testing in CHD.

Background: CHD is the leading cause of mortality due to birth defects. Array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) detects submicroscopic copy number changes and may improve identification of the genetic basis of CHD. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 1252 patients from a regional referral centre who had undergone aCGH. Of the patients, 173 had CHD. A whole-genome custom-designed oligonucleotide array with >44,000 probes was used to detect copy number changes. Results: Of the 1252 patients, 335 (26.76%) had abnormal aCGH results. Of the 173 patients with CHD, 50 (28.9%) had abnormal aCGH results versus 284 (26.3%) of 1079 non-cardiac patients. There were six patients with CHD who had well-described syndromes such as Wolf–Hirschhorn, trisomy 13, DiGeorge, and Williams. Of the patients with CHD, those with left-sided heart disease had the highest proportion (14/31; 45.13%) of abnormal aCGH results, followed by those with conotruncal heart disease (10/29; 34.48%), endocardial cushion defects (13/50; 26%), complex/other heart disease (12/52; 23.08%), and patent ductus arteriosus (1/11; 9.09%). Conclusions: Patients with CHD are at a substantial risk of having microdeletions and microduplications. The incidence of abnormalities on aCGH analysis is higher than identified with karyotype, and identification of copy number changes may help identify the genetic basis of the specific heart defects. However, aCGH may not have a significant diagnostic yield in those with isolated CHD. Further research using larger data sets may help identify candidate genes associated with CHD.
FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS OF SCN5A CHANNEL MUTATIONS AND THE RISK OF LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS IN TYPE 3 LONG QT SYNDROME

LQT3 syndrome is caused by SCN5A mutations that prolong cardiac repolarization. SCN5A dysfunction can be due to increased sustained currents, but other mechanisms are also observed. We evaluated a possible association between ion-channel dysfunction, arrhythmic risk and response to treatment. We
Biosynthesis of proteoglycan in vitro by cartilage from human osteochondrophytic spurs

Proteoglycan biosynthesis by human osteochondrophytic spurs (osteophytes) obtained from osteoarthritic femoral heads at the time of surgical joint replacement was studied under defined culture conditions in vitro. Osteophytes were primarily present in two anatomic locations, marginal and epi-articular. Minced tissue slices were incubated in the presence of [35S]sulphate or [14C]glucosamine. Osteophytes incorporated both labelled precursors into proteoglycan, which was subsequently characterized by CsCl-isopycnic-density-gradient ultracentrifugation and chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B. The material extracted with 0.5m-guanidinium chloride showed 78.1% of [35S]sulphate in the A1 fraction after centrifugation. Only 23.0% of the [35S]sulphate in this A1 fraction was eluted in the void volume of Sepharose CL-2B under associative conditions. About 60–80% of the [35S]sulphate in the tissue 4m-guanidinium chloride extract was associated with monomeric proteoglycan (fraction D1). The average partition coefficient (Kav.) of the proteoglycan monomer on Sepharose CL-2B was 0.28–0.33. Approx. 12.4% of this monomer formed stable aggregates with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid in vitro. Sepharose CL-2B chromatography of fractions with lower buoyant densities (fractions D2–D4) demonstrated elution profiles on Sepharose CL-2B substantially different than that of fraction D1, indicative of the polydisperse nature of the newly synthesized proteoglycan. Analysis of the composition and chain size of the glycosaminoglycans showed the following: (1) preferential elution of both [35S]sulphate and [14C]glucosamine in the 0.5m-LiCl fraction on DEAE-cellulose; (2) the predominant sulphated glycosaminoglycan was chondroitin 6-sulphate (60–70%), with 9–11% keratan sulphate in the monomer proteoglycan; (3) Kav. values of 0.38 on Sephadex G-200 and 0.48 on Sepharose CL-6B were obtained with papain-digested and NaBH4-treated D1 monomer respectively. A comparison of the synthetic with endogenous glycosaminoglycans indicated similar types. These studies indicated that human osteophytes synthesized in vitro sulphated proteoglycans with some characteristics similar to those of mature human articular cartilage, notably in the size of their proteoglycan monomer and predominance of chondroitin 6-sulphate. They differed from articular cartilage primarily in the lack of substantial quantities of keratan sulphate and aggregation properties associated with monomer interaction with hyaluronic acid.
Different formats for a neurology clerkship do not influence written examination scores.

Objective: Changes in health care delivery required substitution of a number of alternatives for the traditional inpatient clerkship used in the neurology education of fourth-year medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and for third-year medical students from Georgetown University. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed grades on a locally generated multiple-choice examination based on a student objective list. Scores from students rotating on ambulatory neurology, neurosurgery, child neurology, neurorehabilitation, and rotations at other military hospitals over a 2-year period were compared with those achieved by students in a traditional clerkship at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Results: There were no significant differences in the grades between any of the groups. Conclusions: Student acquisition of factual material was not influenced by the type of clinical experience or by whether the student is in the third or fourth year of medical school.
Integrating Faculty Led Service Learning Training to Quantify Height of Natural Resources from a Spatial Science Perspective

Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture (ATCOFA) faculty members were trained how to integrate service learning activities within senior level classes at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) in Nacogdoches, Texas. The service learning training, taught under the acronym Mentored Undergraduate Scholarship (MUGS), involved meeting with fellow faculty members over the course of an academic year during the fall semester to first learn how to incorporate service learning activities in a senior level class followed by its incorporation into a class the following spring semester. The service learning model was applied to students in GIS 420, a senior level Landscape Modeling, Spatial Analysis, and Quantitative Assessment course within ATCOFA. The students were instructed within a hands-on interactive environment on how to use geospatial analysis to quantify natural resources. The overall goal was for a student to demonstrate proficiency in understanding how to apply aerial photo interpretation, satellite remote sensing, global positioning system and geographic information systems technology to quantify, qualify, map, monitor and manage natural and environmental resources at the local and landscape scales. Students applied this concept within a quantitative resource assessment, whereby students compared the conventional methodology of measuring height of vertical features within a landscape using a clinometer with the newer ways of measuring height using Pictometry hyperspatial imagery and drone acquired digital imagery. Conventional results were compared to newer technological methodologies to determine the most efficient and accurate way to quantify vertical resources from a spatial perspective.
Equine Mandibular Fibrosarcoma in Two Horses: Clinical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Considerations

A 25 year old Arabian gelding (case 1) presented for a large mandibular swelling involving the caudal aspect of the left horizontal mandible and a 14 year old Quarter Horse gelding (case 2) presented for a soft tissue swelling on the labial mucosa adjacent to 304. Both horses were bright and alert on presentation. Computed tomography allowed for further characterization regarding the extent of bone penetration within the lesions. This facilitated surgical planning and resection in Case 2. Histopathology of both masses diagnosed fibrosarcomas. Case 1 was humanely euthanized due to the severity of bone involvement and the grave prognosis. Case 2 underwent a left subtotal rostral hemimandibulectomy that proved to be successful in complete resection of the fibrosarcoma with a comfortable and cosmetic post-operative outcome. Surgeries that were once deemed radical should be considered for the treatment of neoplastic masses involving the soft tissues and bony structures of the oral cavity. With the aid of computed tomography, assessment of tumor penetration into deeper tissues can be achieved, thus facilitating complete surgical excision.
Dance Experience and Associations with Cortical Gray Matter Thickness in the Aging Population.

Introduction: We investigated the effect dance experience may have on cortical gray matter thickness and cognitive performance in elderly participants with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: 39 cognitively normal and 48 MCI elderly participants completed a questionnaire regarding their lifetime experience with music, dance, and song. Participants identified themselves as either dancers or nondancers. All participants received structural 1.5-tesla MRI scans and detailed clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. An advanced 3D cortical mapping technique was then applied to calculate cortical thickness. Results: Despite having a trend-level significantly thinner cortex, dancers performed better in cognitive tasks involving learning and memory, such as the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) short delay free recall (p = 0.004), the CVLT-II long delay free recall (p = 0.003), and the CVLT-II learning over trials 1-5 (p = 0.001). Discussion: Together, these results suggest that dance may result in an enhancement of cognitive reserve in aging, which may help avert or delay MCI.
Guideline compliance and clinical outcomes among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with infectious diseases consultation in addition to antimicrobial stewardship-directed review.

Objective Previous studies have shown infectious diseases consultation (IDC) for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) improves management and outcomes. The influence of IDC on outcomes for SAB in addition to an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) review for adult inpatients with SAB has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IDC on SAB management with concomitant ASP review and resulting outcomes. Methods Adult inpatients with SAB admitted December 2012-October 2014 were included. The primary end point compared adherence to Infectious Disease Society of America guideline recommendations between patients receiving an IDC versus those not receiving an IDC. We also evaluated adherence to the individual components of the primary end point and clinical outcomes, including time to microbiologic clearance, recurrence of bacteremia, mortality, and length of stay. Results This study included 154 patients (115 IDC and 39 non-IDC). Guideline adherence was significantly greater in the IDC group 78% versus 46% in the non-IDC group ( P P P > .001). Mortality was also greater in the non-IDC group (23%) versus 5% for the IDC group ( P = .001). Conclusions Patients with SAB receiving an IDC were more likely to receive guideline-congruent management and had significantly reduced mortality. No improvements in antibiotic choice or dosing were observed, likely a result of ASP review.
The golden 35 min of stroke intervention with ADAPT: effect of thrombectomy procedural time in acute ischemic stroke on outcome

Introduction In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), extending mechanical thrombectomy procedural times beyond 60 min has previously been associated with an increased complication rate and poorer outcomes. Objective After improvements in thrombectomy methods, to reassess whether this relationship holds true with a more contemporary thrombectomy approach: a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT). Methods We retrospectively studied a database of patients with AIS who underwent ADAPT thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions. Patients were dichotomized into two groups: ‘early recan’, in which recanalization (recan) was achieved in ≤35 min, and ‘late recan’, in which procedures extended beyond 35 min. Results 197 patients (47.7% women, mean age 66.3 years) were identified. We determined that after 35 min, a poor outcome was more likely than a good (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2) outcome. The baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was similar between ‘early recan’ (n=122) (14.7±6.9) and ‘late recan’ patients (n=75) (15.9±7.2). Among ‘early recan’ patients, recanalization was achieved in 17.8±8.8 min compared with 70±39.8 min in ‘late recan’ patients. The likelihood of achieving a good outcome was higher in the ‘early recan’ group (65.2%) than in the ‘late recan’ group (38.2%; p Conclusions Our findings suggest that extending ADAPT thrombectomy procedure times beyond 35 min increases the likelihood of complications such as intracerebral hemorrhage while reducing the likelihood of a good outcome.
Contribution of extended family history in assessment of risk for breast and colon cancer.

1564 Background: Family history is important for identifying candidates for advanced screening and referral for cancer genetic counseling. We identified the percentage of individuals who would not ...
Evaluation of the 3dMDface system as a tool for soft tissue analysis.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry by comparing values obtained from direct anthropometry and the 3dMDface system. To achieve a more comprehensive evaluation of the reliability of 3dMD, both linear and surface measurements were examined. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION UCLA Section of Orthodontics. Mannequin head as model for anthropometric measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Image acquisition and analysis were carried out on a mannequin head using 16 anthropometric landmarks and 21 measured parameters for linear and surface distances. 3D images using 3dMDface system were made at 0, 1 and 24 hours; 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Error magnitude statistics used include mean absolute difference, standard deviation of error, relative error magnitude and root mean square error. Intra-observer agreement for all measurements was attained. RESULTS Overall mean errors were lower than 1.00 mm for both linear and surface parameter measurements, except in 5 of the 21 measurements. The three longest parameter distances showed increased variation compared to shorter distances. No systematic errors were observed for all performed paired t tests (P<.05). Agreement values between two observers ranged from 0.91 to 0.99. CONCLUSIONS Measurements on a mannequin confirmed the accuracy of all landmarks and parameters analysed in this study using the 3dMDface system. Results indicated that 3dMDface system is an accurate tool for linear and surface measurements, with potentially broad-reaching applications in orthodontics, surgical treatment planning and treatment evaluation.
Origins of American Academic Librarianship: Origins of American Academic Librarianship

(1983). Origins of American Academic Librarianship: Origins of American Academic Librarianship. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 207-209.
Subversive drinking: Remixing copyright with free beer

For over the past decade, the Free Beer movement has provided producers, consumers, and hobbyists in the craft beer industry with a way to uniquely engage issues related to innovation and creativity: an "open source" beer that is encouraged to be uniquely transformed in the production of each subsequent batch. While contemporary conversations regarding copyright law and the legal protection of one’s work increasingly take place in digital contexts, Free Beer allows these conversations to (re)emerge outside of these settings, in an analog format, and inform those who are not engaged in the production of software or other digital media of the broader ramifications associated with excessive restriction and control. This paper examines how Free Beer functions as a critique of both copyright law and the suppression of creativity and innovation, and as a demonstration of alternative models of information protection and exchange.
Lecture three: From empathy to embodied faith: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the evolution of religion

In a series of three articles, presented at the Goshen Annual Conference on Science and Religion in 2015, with the theme ‘Interdisciplinary Theology and the Archeology of Personhood’, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen considers the problem of human evolution – also referred to as ‘the archaeology of personhood’ – and its broader impact on theological anthropology. This trajectory of lectures tracks a select number of challenging contemporary proposals for the evolution of crucially important aspects of human personhood. These are aspects that were all of great significance for Darwin: the evolution of cognition, the evolution of imagination, music and language, the evolution of morality, and the evolution of the religious disposition.
How it all began: a personal history of gel electrophoresis.

Arne Tiselius' moving boundary electrophoresis method was still in general use in 1951 when this personal history begins, although zonal electrophoresis with a variety of supporting media (e.g., filter paper or starch grains) was beginning to replace it. This chapter is an account of 10 years of experiments carried out by the author during which molecular sieving gel electrophoresis was developed and common genetic variants of two proteins, haptoglobin and transferrin, were discovered in normal individuals. Most of the figures are images of pages from the author's laboratory notebooks, which are still available, so that some of the excitement of the time and the humorous moments are perhaps apparent. Alkaline gels, acidic gels with and without denaturants, vertical gels, two-dimensional gels, and gels with differences in starch concentration are presented. The subtle details that can be discerned in these various gels played an indispensable role in determining the nature of the change in the haptoglobin gene (Hp) that leads to the polymeric series characteristic of Hp ( 2 ) /Hp ( 2 ) homozygotes. Where possible, the names of scientific friends who made this saga of gel electrophoresis so memorable and enjoyable are gratefully included.
Fasudil and DETA NONOate, Loaded in a Peptide-Modified Liposomal Carrier, Slow PAH Progression upon Pulmonary Delivery

We investigated the feasibility of a combination therapy comprising fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and DETA NONOate (diethylenetriamine NONOate, DN), a long-acting nitric oxide donor, both loaded in liposomes modified with a homing peptide, CAR (CARSKNKDC), in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We first prepared and characterized unmodified and CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil and DN. Using individual drugs alone or a mixture of fasudil and DN as controls, we studied the efficacy of the two liposomal preparations in reducing mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in monocrotaline (MCT) and SUGEN-hypoxia-induced PAH rats. We also conducted morphometric studies (degree of muscularization, arterial medial wall thickness, and collagen deposition) after treating the PAH rats with test and control formulations. When the rats were treated acutely and chronically, the reduction in mPAP was more pronounced in the liposomal formulation-treated rats than in plain drug-treated rats. CAR-modif...
Using BITNET for International Accounting Education: A Japan-U.S. Study

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the use of BITNET for international accounting education. BITNET, which began in 1981 as a means for interuniversity computer communication, has a goal of communication with minimum cost in programming and time. BITNET experimental accounting class was Reading Foreign Accounting Material. The course fused the three elements of individualized, international and computer education through the use of English-language readings in Japan, and tutorial by American faculty. The American professors found that the students were far more expressive through computer than Japanese students met elsewhere, perhaps due to lack of status cues, or other nonverbal behavior. There is a rich literature on how E-mail changes communication because of a changed social context. This was an excellent method for students to practice English composition, word order, sentence construction, and common phrases. The students received quick feedback from a native speaker who is expert in accounting.
Gut and whole body O2 deficit during and excess uptake after hypoxia.

Adams and Cain (1983) found that non-muscle regions of the body decreased their share of excess post-hypoxic oxygen uptake (\(\dot VO\)O2) with longer periods of hypoxia. They suggested that part of non-muscle \(\dot VO\)O2 was not obligated for energy production. Mortillaro and Granger (1977) showed that intestine followed a similar pattern of excess \(\dot VO\)O2 when arterial occlusion created an O2 deficit. Shepherd (1978) showed that an arterial PO2 of 46 Torr decreased intestinal \(\dot VO\)O2 26% but, in contrast, hindlimb \(\dot VO\)O2 was unaffected by an arterial PO2 of 36 Torr (Cain & Chapler, 1979) while, at the same time, whole body \(\dot VO\)O2 was decreased approximately 12%. These data, and the fact that gut \(\dot VO\)O2 is 20–25% that of whole body, even though intestine accounts for <5% of body weight, implicated gut as a bigger contributor of O2 excess used in recovery. Since Shepherd (1978) did not measure \(\dot VO\)O2 during recovery and Mortillaro and Granger (1977) did not use hypoxia, there was no information on the intestinal O2 deficit/excess relationship during and after hypoxia. In addition, its contribution to whole body O2 deficit/excess remained in question. Thus, the purposes of these experiments were to 1) measure the gut O2 deficit/excess relationship during acute hypoxic hypoxia, 2) determine the contribution of gut in whole body O2 deficit and excess and 3) ascertain the means by which intestine copes with acute bouts of hypoxic hypoxia.
Generations in, Generations of: Pregnancy in Jane Austen

ABSTRACTPregnancy seems tangential to the concerns of Austen's oeuvre and has received little scholarly attention. In all major Austen novels, however, pregnant characters are active, if secondary,...
Sales Managers’ Ethical Leadership and Salesperson Outcomes: The Role of Emulation Intentions: An Abstract

Ethical leadership, a leadership style that embodies the utilization of certain elements of both transformational and transactional approaches albeit with a moral dimension, has been proposed by leadership theorists to influence positive behavioral and performance outcomes among followers (e.g., Brown et al. 2005; Mayer et al. 2012). Within the sales literature, other than studies on the effect of sales managers’ ethical leadership on ethical context and work-related outcomes (e.g., DeConinck 2015; Schwepker 2015; Wu 2017), there has been little attention on the influence of sales managers’ ethical leadership on salespersons’ evaluations of sales managers, subsequent role-modeling behaviors, and resultant performance.
Association between body mass index and surgical menopausal symptoms in patients with early stage endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objectives Premenopausal women may undergo surgical menopause after staging for their endometrial cancer. Our aim was to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and surgical menopausal symptoms. Methods We report a retrospective review of endometrial cancer patients whom underwent menopause secondary to their surgical staging procedure. Symptoms were classified as severe if treatment was prescribed, or mild if treatment was offered, but declined. Univariate analysis was performed with ANOVA and Chi-square tests as appropriate. Relative risks (RR) were generated from Poisson regression models. Results We identified 166 patients in whom the BMI (kg/m2) distribution was as follows: 33 (19.9%) had BMI Conclusions Women younger than 50 with BMI >40 and stage I endometrial cancer are significantly less likely than women with BMI
Equivalent Years of Schooling : A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms

In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education specialists. This paper proposes two approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of learning interventions, one in "equivalent years of schooling" and another in the net present value of potential increased lifetime earnings. The results show that in a sample of low- and middle-income countries, one standard deviation gain in literacy skill is associated with between 4.7 and 6.8 additional years of schooling, depending on the estimation method. In other words, over the course of a business-as-usual school year, students learn between 0.15 and 0.21 standard deviation of literacy ability. Using that metric to translate the impact of interventions, a median structured pedagogy intervention increases learning by the equivalent of between 0.6 and 0.9 year of business-as-usual schooling. The results further show that even modest gains in standard deviations of learning -- if sustained over time -- may have sizeable impacts on individual earnings and poverty reduction, and that conversion into a non-education metric should help policy makers and non-specialists better understand the potential benefits of increased learning.
SUN-187 Dolutegravir Causing Diabetes

Introduction Antiretroviral therapy, especially protease inhibitors are a cause of hyperglycemia in 5% of patients with HIV. However most people develop hyperglycemia of mild degree. We present a rare case in which an Integrase Strand Inhibitor (Dolutegravir) led to the development of profound hyperglycemia over a short period of time. Case: Patient is a 48 year old transgender patient (male to female) with a past medical history of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and strokes. Patient was being treated with Emtricitabine-tenofovir and efaverinz until 2013 after which she did not follow up and stopped her medication. In June 2018, infectious disease clinic restarted her on Emtricitabine-tenofivir and added Doletugravir. Her Hba1c was 5.9% at that time. In July 2018, she was found to have a blood glucose of 467 mg/dl on random lab testing. Patient was started on Metformin 500 mg BID. In August 2018, she presented to the hospital with altered mental status and shock. Laboratory work up was consistent with hyperosmotic hyperglycemic state with a glucose of 1700 mg/dl, serum osmolality of 391 mOsm/kg, Hba1c 12.9%, anion gap of 28 mmol/l, bicarbonate of 17 mmol/l, lactate of 3.1 mmol/l and trace ketones in the urine. An insulin drip was initiated and patient was subsequently transitioned to basal bolus regimen. A thorough review of medical records failed to elicit any other medication that could have caused hyperglycemia including steroids. Other etiologies such as infections were ruled out. C peptide was 1.6 with a fasting glucose of 141 mg/dl. Insulin Ab, islet cell Ab and Glutamic acid decarboxylase were all negative. There was no history of autoimmunity in the family. Due to the absence of other potentially causative factors, we think Doletugravir could be the cause of her diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the second case report identifying Doletugravir causing diabetes mellitus and especially hyperosmolar syndrome. The mechanism of action hypothesized has been the medications ability to chelate magnesium which in turn affects the glucose transport via GLUT 4 receptor and gluconeogenesis causing insulin resistance.
Quality of Life Issues for Patients with Cirrhosis

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is one of the most important patient-reported outcomes that has gained increasing importance in today’s health-care environment, especially, when assessing the impact of a chronic disease or its treatment. Chronic conditions such as liver disease and cirrhosis have significant negative impact on a patient’s HRQOL. Additionally, their treatment can further impact patients’ well-being. This chapter reviews the current measurement tools used to measure HRQOL in patients with cirrhosis as well as offering the reader a brief HRQOL update for these patients.
Islamic Banking: Home Purchase Financings II: Musharaka Mutanaqisa

This article describes the generic musharaka mutanaqisa (diminishing musharaka or diminishing partnership) structure used in Shari'ah-compliant home purchase financings. The same structure, in a more sophisticated form, is used in some project and infrastructure financings.
Public health champions in the making: An innovative undergraduate nursing pedagogy.

Background This manuscript describes an innovative approach to public health nursing education. Health care delivery is radically shifting to non-acute, community-based settings, warranting a new-thinking graduate who is comfortable responding to societal trends in health and wellness. Graduates must confidently work to address social determinants of health to improve health outcomes and advance health equity. Aims We propose a unique pedagogy designed to prepare baccalaureate nursing students to work effectively in the community setting by developing seminars that address pressing, relevant public health initiatives. Materials & methods We describe our experience integrating community-based Naloxone, Stop the Bleed, and Mental Health First Aid training to the curriculum. We outline a session designed to inform future health care providers about provision of care to suspected victims of human trafficking. Results As a novice program, we have not formally evaluated the described pedagogy for specific outcome measures. Discussion We include guidance for implementing a similar program and plans for future evaluation of this unique public health nursing pedagogy. Conclusions We are confident that future iterations of this pedagogy will continue to foster robust public health nursing skills among BSN students.
Supraventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery bypass. The effect of preoperative digitalis.

Supraventricular arrhythmias continue to complicate the postoperative course of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. In a previous study, we showed a decrease in arrhythmias if patients were given digitalis prior to operation. Since that time we have made two changes—propranolol is no longer discontinued prior to operation and cold hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution is routinely used. To assess the affect of these changes on arrhythmias, we repeated the previous study. One hundred twenty patients all receiving preoperative and postoperative propranolol were randomized into a control group and a digitalis-treated group. The incidence of supraventricular arrhythmia postoperatively was 21.4% in the control group and 3.1% in the digitalis group (p
Optically stimulated luminescence dating of a probable Native American cairn and wall site in Eastern Pennsylvania

More than 5000 rock structure sites are found in northeastern United States, but their cultural attribution has long been debated. Some argue than many are prehistoric in origin, while others maint...
Relationship between Microorganisms Inhabiting Alkaline Siliceous Hot Spring Mat Communities and Overflowing Water.

ABSTRACT The compositions of Octopus Spring and Mushroom Spring (Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA) microbial mats have been thoroughly studied, but the compositions of the effluent waters that flow above the mats have not. In this study, cells in the mats and overflowing waters of both springs were investigated at multiple sites where Synechococcus spp. are the dominant cyanobacteria (ca. 72°C to ca. 50°C), and on several dates. In addition to microscopic analyses of stained and autofluorescent cells, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the major taxa present and a protein-encoding gene (psaA) was sequenced and analyzed by ecotype simulation to predict species of Synechococcus. The mats of both springs were similar in terms of the downstream distribution of predominant taxa detected previously. However, waters above these mats were predominated by taxa that reside in upstream mats or communities above the upper-temperature limit of the mat. A disturbance/recolonization study was performed at a site normally predominated by Synechococcus species adapted to low temperatures. After removing indigenous Synechococcus cells, Synechococcus species adapted to higher temperatures, which were predominant in the water overflowing this site, colonized the newly forming mat. Differences in recolonization under reduced and UV-screened irradiance suggested that, in addition to physical transport, environmental conditions likely select for species that are better adapted to these different conditions and can influence mat recovery. A transport model was developed and used to predict that, in Mushroom Spring, erosion predominates in the narrower and deeper upstream effluents and deposition predominates over erosion in wider and shallower downstream effluents. IMPORTANCE In flowing aquatic systems, cell erosion and deposition are important to the dispersal of cells from one location to another. Very little is known about microbial dispersal and the physical processes that underlie it. This study demonstrates its importance to colonization of downstream surfaces and especially to the recolonization and functioning of disturbed sites. Ecological systems in flowing environments are often, roughly speaking, pseudosteady, in that nutrients enter the system and by-products leave at relatively steady rates. Over time, material inputs and outputs must balance. Measurements of input fluxes (e.g., growth rates and proxies, such as photosynthesis rates) are frequent. However, erosion and deposition of cells are seldom measured and ecological significance is sometimes neglected. The importance of these parameters is immediately evident in any attempt to construct a model of long-time community behavior, as spatial ecological structure is significantly impacted and can be dominated by migration of organisms, even in small numbers.
Foundational Algebraic Structures

This chapter gives a complete description of the necessary algebraic techniques for combinatorics. It gives a detailed explanation of modular arithmetic including Fermat’s Little Theorem and Euler’s generalization. It gives foundational results on finite fields to prepare the reader for their use in finite geometry. It concludes with a description of geometric numbers, Catalan numbers, Stirling numbers, and the Towers of Hanoi.
Who is in the revolving door? Policy and practice implications of recurrent reports to adult protective services

Repeat referral to adult protective services APS (recurrence) is a much-discussed topic among APS agencies as it may indicate ongoing harm, yet there is limited research examining prevalence or causes. This paper provides a foundational investigation of recurrence within a California APS county program. Drawing from thirty-three months of de-identified reports, we used logistic regression to examine the impact of intake report characteristics on repeat referral within one year after baseline case closure. One-fifth of the sample was recurrent (19.9%, n=987/4,958), with self-neglect being the most common type of report to recur (14.3%, n=307/2,141). Overall recurrence was predicted by female gender, older age, living alone, and multiple elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation (ANE) types reported at baseline, and report placed by social service provider, friends, family, landlords, and victim self-reports. Reporters personally related to the victim and social service providers are potential partners in identifying ANE, and alternate intervention approaches may be necessary.