cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-independent analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems

A flexible and computationally efficient technique for designing and evaluating grid-tied residential photovoltaic (PV) systems is introduced, which establishes a direct relationship between the inputs to the system, temperature and irradiance, and system performance criteria. For a given year, temperature and irradiance data are rearranged to form a statistical distribution, eliminating thereby the direct time-dependence. The proposed technique decomposes the PV system into three separate layers: ambient conditions, PV output, and dc-ac conversion layers. It reveals important trends, otherwise obscured in the time-dependent view of the data. To demonstrate the applicability of this technique, case studies for optimizing inverter efficiency of residential PV systems in Tennessee and Colorado, are considered.
Effects of a Supplemental Vocabulary Intervention on the Word Knowledge of Kindergarten Students at Risk for Language and Literacy Difficulties.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a vocabulary intervention designed to supplement research-based classroom vocabulary instruction, implemented with students who may be at risk for language and learning difficulties. Participants included 43 kindergarten students who received research-based classroom vocabulary instruction. Students with the 20 lowest scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III administered at pretest received additional small-group supplemental vocabulary intervention. Results of within-subjects comparisons indicated that, overall, at-risk students made greater gains in word knowledge on target words that received the supplemental intervention as compared to words that received only classroom-based instruction. In addition, at-risk students who received the supplemental intervention demonstrated word-learning gains that approached those of their peers who received classroom instruction alone. Implications along with limitations of the current study and directions for future research are discussed.
Bees with varroa Sensitive Hygiene preferentially remove mite infested pupae aged ≤ five days post capping

*Summary Suppressed Mite Reproduction (SMR) is a trait of honey bees that provides resistance to Varroa destructor. The mechanism of resistance in SMR bees is the removal of infested pupae from capped brood, so a better name is VSH bees (acronym for Varroa Sensitive Hygiene). This study compared the removal of infested brood by VSH and control bees to determine whether VSH bees removed infested pupae of different ages at similar rates. A pair of infested combs containing all stages of pupae were transferred into each host colony (six VSH and six control colonies) for 40 hours. VSH bees removed significantly more (55%) infested cells (singly and multiply infested), than controls (13%). They removed significantly more (66%) singly infested pupae aged from one to five days post capping (cohort A) than did controls (16%). The two types did not differ in the removal of singly infested pupae aged five to 10 days post capping (cohort B) (5‐22%). Many pupae were found in uncapped cells at the end of the test, and most of the uncapped pupae were infested with mites. None of the uncapped cells contained prepupae, the development stage occurring during the first three days post capping. Thus, removal of infested pupae may be triggered by stimuli in cells with pupae aged 3‐5 days post capping.
Differential effects of nialamide and clomipramine on serotonin efflux and autoreceptors.

Abstract Serotonin (5-HT) activity in vivo and in vitro was evaluated in rats following acute and chronic administration of the antidepressants nialamide (NMD) and clomipramine (CMI). The 5-HT motor syndrome was used as an index of in vivo serotonergic function. In vitro , 3 H-5-HT uptake, potassium-evoked 3 H-5-HT release and 5-HT autoreceptor activity were evaluated as measures of presynaptic function. Repeated injections of NMD abolished the 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT)-induced motor syndrome and the ability of 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MEOT) to attenuate the potassium-evoked release of 3 H-5-HT. Autoreceptor subsensitivity was associated with a marked increase in basal and potassium-evoked 3 H-5-HT release. In contrast, acute NMD, and acute and chronic CMI did not affect the expression of the motor syndrome or alter 3 H-5-HT release or autoreceptor activity. Acute and chronic injections of NMD enhanced 3 H-5-HT uptake. The results suggest that the antidepressant efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant may be related to their ability to increase endogenous levels of 5-HT and thereby produce a subsensitivity of 5-HT 1 type receptors. This subsensitivity is reflected both by attenuation of the motor syndrome and enhanced 5-HT neurotransmission resulting in part from autoreceptor down-regulation.
Harvest Date and CA Storage Management Effects on Quality of Processed Apple Slices

The effect of harvest date and various controlled atmosphere [CA] delays was studied on an apple slice production line. Harvest date interacted with delay in placing apples under CA conditions, causing dramatic softening of the blanched apple slices. The effect on the blanched slices was much greater than that on raw slices. Numerous process parameters including waste amounts and yields were notably affected by various treatment combinations.
On the Cranial Osteology of the African Palm Civet, Nandinia binotata (Gray, 1830) (Mammalia, Carnivora, Feliformia)

ABSTRACT The external and endocranial surfaces of the skull of the African palm civet, Nandinia binotata (Gray, 1830), are described and illustrated in detail based on 30 specimens (from Carnegie Museum of Natural History and American Museum of Natural History). With the inclusion of a newborn and six juveniles with deciduous dentitions, a reasonable ontogenetic series is represented. The bone-by-bone descriptions are primarily based on the condition in an adult female and the newborn with consideration of variation across the sample. The principal cranial foramina are treated in a glossary, and the hyoid apparatus and larynx are described from a single specimen. The sample exhibits a remarkable degree of variability in cranial features that are often used as different states of characters in phylogenetic analysis (e.g., number and position of palatal foramina, the orbital mosaic, and composition of the lacrimal foramen). Nandinia binotata, the only taxon in the Nandiniidae, has been identified as the mos...
Loss of Transgelin in Breast and Colon Tumors and in RIE-1 Cells by Ras Deregulation of Gene Expression through Raf-independent Pathways

Abstract Activated Ras but not Raf can transform RIE-1 and other epithelial cells, indicating the critical importance of Raf-independent effector function in Ras transformation of epithelial cells. To elucidate the nature of these Raf-independent activities, we utilized representational difference analysis to identify genes aberrantly expressed by Ras through Raf-independent mechanisms in RIE-1 cells. We identified a total of 22 genes, both known and novel, whose expression was either activated (10) or abolished (12) by Ras but not Raf. The genes up-regulated encode proteins involved in protein or DNA synthesis, regulation of protease activity, or ligand binding, whereas those genes down-regulated encode actin cytoskeletal-, extracellular matrix-, and gap junction-associated proteins, and transmembrane receptor- or cytokine-like proteins. These results suggest that a key function of Raf-independent signaling involves deregulation of gene expression. We further characterized transgelin as a gene whose expression was abolished by Ras. Transgelin was identified previously as a protein whose expression was lost in virally transformed cell lines. We show that this loss is regulated at the level of gene expression and that both Raf-dependent and Raf-independent pathways are required to cause Ras down-regulation of transgelin in RIE-1 cells, whereas Raf alone is sufficient to cause its loss in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. We also found that Ras-dependent and Ras-independent mechanisms can cause the down-regulation of transgelin in human breast and colon carcinoma cells lines and patient-derived tumor samples. We conclude that loss of transgelin gene expression may be an important early event in tumor progression and a diagnostic marker for breast and colon cancer development.
A linearized kinetic equation for systems with attractive forces

Abstract Using the density expansions of transport coefficients derived by a technique developed by Kawasaki and Oppenheim, kinetic equations are obtained for moderately dense gas systems which interact with both repulsive and attractive forces. In the case of repulsive forces the linear generalized Boltzmann equation developed is equivalent to that used by Choh and Uhlenbeck. For systems which also contain attractive forces, two new terms are found in the development of the kinetic equation at the Choh and Uhlenbeck level. These terms are corrections to the binary and triple collision integrals arising from the dynamics of bound particle pairs.
A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN AND ITS USE FOR QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS

—A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for myelin basic protein is described which is sensitive to 10−9 g of basic protein. The amount of basic protein detected in isolated myelin by the RIA and by SDS-gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric quantitation agree to within experimental error. In contrast to isolated myelin, the major portion of the basic protein in fresh tissue is not accessible to its antibody. It is shielded from its antibody in a complex which is disrupted by heat, organic solvents, and various detergents. Maximum antibody binding was obtained with tissue heated to 100°C for 10 min. It is possible to calculate that the RIA quantitatively detects basic protein in boiled tissue. Boiled adult rat brain contains approximately 2·5 μg of basic protein/mg wet wt of cerebral cortex. The antibody to basic protein has no capacity to bind non-neural tissues.
Peroxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities during Eimeria nieschulzi (Apicomplexa) and/or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) infections in the rat.

Results suggest that malabsorption of amino acids which occurs duringEimeria nieschulzi andNippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in rats is not due to impairment by intestinal inflammation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity.
Continuous intravenous infusion of naloxone does not change behavioral, cardiovascular, or inflammatory responses to subcutaneous formalin in the rat.

The opioid antagonist, naloxone, produces equivocal effects on the magnitude of nociceptive responses in several animal models of persistent pain, including the formalin test. Hindpaw injection of dilute formalin produces not only inflammation but also phasic (Phase 1) and persistent (Phase 2) behavioral and cardiovascular nociceptive responses in the rat. To test the hypothesis that endogenous opioid systems contribute to the magnitude of responses to intraplantar formalin injection, we evaluated the effects of continuous naloxone administration (0.01-100 mg/kg per h, i.v.) on formalin-evoked hindpaw inflammation, on behavioral indices of pain, flinching and licking pain behavior, and on changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. We report that naloxone, at doses less than 100 mg/kg per h, did not change any formalin-evoked response. Although the 100 mg/kg per h dose significantly decreased these responses, it also produced muscle rigidity and profound bradycardia. We conclude that endogenous opioids do not significantly modulate the nociceptive processing induced by subcutaneous formalin.
The determination of the electron density distribution of an ionosphere layer in the presence of an external magnetic field

Abstract An accurate method is given for the determination of the electron density distribution of an ionosphere layer in the presence of an external magnetic field. The shape of the layer is determined in the process of calculation, and is not assumed in advance. Estimates of the thickness and height of the maximum ionization of a layer made by determining the electron density distribution using techniques which neglect the magnetic field are too great by 15 to 20%; i.e., in place of a correct scale height of 8 km, such methods yield a scale height of nearly 10 km. A careful application of the present procedure reduces such overestimation to 2 or 3%. Methods which assume a particular form of layer, usually parabolic, are subject to great possible errors, depending upon the degree to which the actual layer departs from parabolic form. When the magnetic field is neglected, the errors in thickness found in this way can be too large by a factor of two or three. Even when the magnetic field is considered, such methods can give thicknesses in error by a factor of as much as two. These methods usually give values of the height of maximum ionization which are much better than the values they yield for the thickness. This, however, may depend upon accidental fluctuations in the group path curve. In the present paper, the electron density distribution is determined by finding the actual heights at which waves of various frequencies are reflected. These true heights are obtained from experimental h - ƒ curves by obtaining the exact solution, as a convergent series of integrals, of the integral equation giving the group height as a function of frequency. The errors arising in the numerical work are shown by applying the procedure to h - ƒ curves obtained theoretically from layers of known shape, and such errors are seen to be small compared with those made through use of other procedures.
UNITARY GROUPS: REPRESENTATIONS AND DECOMPOSITIONS

An elementary account is given of the representation theory for unitary groups. We review the basic definitions and the construction of irreducible representations using tensor methods, and indicate the connection to the infinitesimal approach. Special attention has been given to the detailed procedure to obtain Clebsch-Gordan series and to the problem of finding the ($S{U}_{m}, S{U}_{n}$) content of an irreducible representation of $S{U}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ or $S{U}_{m+n}$. An appendix summarizes the properties of the Young operators used in constructing the tensor representations; this provides the link with the representation theory of the symmetric groups. We include a tabulation of various decompositions which appear in the text and of Weyl's dimension formula for tensor representation.
D sets and a Sárközy theorem for countable fields

We establish that if ℱ is a countable field of characteristic p, U is a unitary action of ℱl on a Hilbert space ℋ, and P is an essential idempotent ultrafilter on ℱ, then for every polynomial r: ℱ → ℱl with r(0) = 0 one has $$P - {\lim _g}{U_{r(g)}}f = {P_r}f{\rm{ weakly,}}$$ , where P r is the projection onto the closed subspace $${H_r} = \{ f \in H:{\{ {U_{r(g)}}f\} _{g \in F}}{\text{ is precompact in the strong topology\} }}{\text{.}}$$ . We then derive combinatorial consequences of this result, including results for sufficiently large finite fields.
Effects of the water-soluble fraction of a coal-derived oil on pond microcosms.

Two 80-L pond microcosms (laboratory model ecosystems) were treated with the water-soluble fraction of a crude coal liquefaction product and responses were monitored for nine weeks. A large portion of the dominant macrophyte community was destroyed by the treatment, as were filamentous algae and benthic diatoms. Snails emigrated from the systems, and Zooplankton disappeared. Primary production and respiration declined for two weeks, remained low for two more weeks, then gradually returned to pre-treatment levels. Changes occurred in pH, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The microcosms recovered by the end of the experiment, but community composition and some chemical variables differed from the pre-treatment conditions.
Facility location in humanitarian relief

In this study, we consider facility location decisions for a humanitarian relief chain responding to quick-onset disasters. In particular, we develop a model that determines the number and locations of distribution centres in a relief network and the amount of relief supplies to be stocked at each distribution centre to meet the needs of people affected by the disasters. Our model, which is a variant of the maximal covering location model, integrates facility location and inventory decisions, considers multiple item types, and captures budgetary constraints and capacity restrictions. We conduct computational experiments to illustrate how the proposed model works on a realistic problem. Results show the effects of pre- and post-disaster relief funding on relief system's performance, specifically on response time and the proportion of demand satisfied. Finally, we discuss the managerial implications of the proposed model.
High viable cell concentration fed-batch cultures of hybridoma cells through on-line nutrient feeding

A hybridoma cell line was cultivated in fed-batch cultures using a low-protein, serum-free medium. On-line oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement was used to adjust the nutrient feeding rate based on glucose consumption, which was estimated on-line using the stoichiometric relations between glucose and oxygen consumption. Through on-line control of the nutrient feeding rate, not only sufficient were supplied for cell growth and antibody production, but also the concentrations of glucose and other important nutrients such as amino acids were maintained at low levels during the cell growth phase. During the cultivation, cell metabolism changed from high lactate production and low oxygen consumption to low lactate production and high oxygen consumption. As a result the accumulation of lactate was reduced and the growth phase was extended. In comparison with the batch cultures, in which cells reached a concentration of approximately 2 x 10(6) cells/mL, a very high concentration of 1.36 x 10(7) cells/mL with a high cell viability (>90%) was achieved in the fed-batch culture. By considering the consumption of glucose and amino acids, as well as the production of cell mass, metabolites, and antibodies, a well-closed material balance was established. Our results demonstrate the value of coupling on-line OUR measurement and the stoichiometric relations for dynamic nutrient feeding in high cell concentration fed batch cultures.
School Systems' Practices of Controlling Socialization during Principal Succession: Looking through the Lens of an Organizational Socialization Theory.

The importance of effective school leadership is well known. The inevitable changing of school leaders raises concerns over the successfulness of the succession process. Directly linked to leader succession is socialization; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the processes and practices of school systems that control the organizational socialization of school principals as they succeed into the principalship. Using a multiple-case study approach, this qualitative inquiry examined the practices of four US school systems regarding the socialization of principals. The study, framed by organizational socialization theory, found a custodial response to socialization supported by collective, formal, serial, and investiture tactics. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of what system leaders and policy-makers might consider in supporting the socialization process of new principals.
Massive retrograde acute type B aortic dissection in a postpartum woman with a family history of Marfan syndrome

Acute aortic dissection is rare but potentially catastrophic complication of pregnancy. Aortic root enlargement, congenital bicuspid aortic valve disease, and Marfan syndrome have been identified as critical risk factors for peripartum aortic dissection. Most of the aortic dissections reported to date involve the ascending aorta and occur before delivery, but only a few cases of postpartum aortic dissection have been described. In this report, we discuss the management of a multigravid parturient with an extensive family history of Marfan syndrome who developed a massive retrograde type B aortic dissection 7 days after a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.
Serpentines Close-Up and Intimate: An HRTEM View

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) affords a close look at the complex structures and intergrowths of the serpentine minerals. All contain alternating sheets of cations in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination. Lizardite, the flat species, forms in sufficiently large and well-ordered crystals to permit reliable X-ray structure determinations, and it is the reference mineral for estimates of the structures of antigorite and chrysotile. However, even lizardite forms in a wide variety of polytypes, only some of which have been explored. It also forms polygonal serpentine, a roughly cylindrical variety that typically consists of 15 or 30 sectors, each of which consists of lizardite layers. HRTEM images of the structure at sector boundaries show offsets of fringes that we interpret as the result of inversions of the tetrahedral sheets. Using lizardite as the basis for an estimate of the curled chrysotile structure, we obtained atomic coordinates and used them to calculate fiber-axis X-r...
EXPERIMENTATION AT e−e− LINEAR COLLIDERS

The design of the interaction region for an e−e− collider will involve an understanding of beam-beam effects, detector backgrounds, and the constraints required to maintain very small beam spot sizes. This paper reviews progress in the design of the e+e− interaction region of the proposed SLAC X-band NLC as a base design for the e−e− detector.
Quantitative analysis of reconstructed 3-D coronary arterial tree and intracoronary devices

Traditional quantitative coronary angiography is performed on two-dimensional (2-D) projection views. These views are chosen by the angiographer to minimize vessel overlap and foreshortening. With 2-D projection views that are acquired in this nonstandardized fashion, however, there is no way to know or estimate how much error occurs in the QCA process. Furthermore, coronary arteries possess a curvilinear shape and undergo a cyclical deformation due to their attachment to the myocardium. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain three-dimensional (3-D) information to best describe and quantify the dynamic curvilinear nature of the human coronary artery. Using a patient-specific 3-D coronary reconstruction algorithm and routine angiographic images, a new technique is proposed to describe: (1) the curvilinear nature of 3-D coronary arteries and intracoronary devices; (2) the magnitude of the arterial deformation caused by intracoronary devices and due to heart motion; and (3) optimal view(s) with respect to the desired "pathway" for delivering intracoronary devices.
Structure and Electrochemical Potential Simulation for the Cathode Material Li 1+x V 3 O 8

The structure and electrochemical potential of monoclinic Li{sub 1+x}V{sub 3}O{sub 8} were calculated within the local-density-functional-theory framework by use of plane-wave-pseudopotential methods. Special attention was given to the compositions 1+x=1.2 and 1+x=4, for which x-ray diffraction structure refinements are available. The calculated low-energy configuration for 1+x=4 is consistent with the three Li sites identified in x-ray diffraction measurements and predicts the position of the unobserved Li. The location of the tetrahedrally coordinated Li in the calculated low-energy configuration for 1+x=1.5 is consistent with the structure measured by x-ray diffraction for Li{sub 1.2}V{sub 3}O{sub 8}. Calculations were also performed for the two monoclinic phases at intermediate Li compositions, for which no structural information is available. Calculations at these compositions are based on hypothetical Li configurations suggested by the ordering of vacancy energies for Li{sub 4}V{sub 3}O{sub 8} and tetrahedral site energies in Li{sub 1.5}V{sub 3}O{sub 8}. The internal energy curves for the two phases cross near 1+x=3. Predicted electrochemical potential curves agree well with experiment.
Testing the limits of trauma: the long-term psychological effects of the Holocaust on individuals and collectives:

In light of the great interest in interdisciplinary trauma research, this article explores the philosophical-literary concept of cultural trauma from the perspective of psychiatric and psychoanalyt...
Factors Influencing Anisotropic Sintering Shrinkage in Tape‐Cast Alumina: Effect of Processing Variables

The effect of the processing variables shear rate, solids loading, and sintering temperature on the anisotropy of sintering shrinkage of aqueous tape-cast alumina was studied. Higher shear rates and higher solids loading resulted in higher in-plane shrinkage anisotropy, whereas the shrinkage anisotropy in the thickness direction was higher for low solids loadings. The in-plane shrinkage anisotropy was found to be fairly constant above a certain critical shear rate (∼100 s−1) independent of the solids loading. The shrinkage anisotropy through the thickness was higher than in-plane directions. A higher thickness direction sintering rate was observed and attributed to a greater number of interparticle necks in the thickness direction because of the platy nature of alumina particles and the greater thickness direction strains associated with binder removal. The binder did not significantly affect the in-plane sintering shrinkage but significantly affected the shrinkage in the thickness direction. It was suggested that emulsion binder particles occupy sites in between layers of particles in the thickness direction. The degree of anisotropic shrinkage was quantified using edge orientation polarograms and a direct correlation was obtained between the processing variables, shrinkage anisotropy, and the edge orientation index.
Formation and removal of alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold in aqueous solutions

We report the development of novel reagents and approaches for generating recyclable biosensors. The use of aqueous media for the formation of protein binding alkylthiolate monolayers on Au surfaces results in accelerated alkylthiolate monolayer formation and improvement in monolayer integrity as visualized by fluorescence microscopy and CV techniques. We have also developed an electrocleaning protocol that is compatible with microfluidics devices, and this technique serves as an on-chip method for cleaning Au substrates both before and after monolayer formation. The techniques for the formation and dissociation of biotinylated SAMs from aqueous solvents reported here may be applied towards the development of Au-based sensor devices and microfluidics chips in the future. A potential use of these devices includes the specific capture and triggered release of target cells, proteins, or small molecules from liquid samples.
Muscle Fatigue Analysis for Healthy Adults Using TVAR Model with Instantaneous Frequency Estimation

The objective of this paper is to design a nonstationary time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) cascaded model to analyze electromyography (EMG) signals by using instantaneous frequency for muscle fatigue assessment. EMG is commonly used in the muscle fatigue study during muscle contractions by analyzing myoelectric signal spectrum. To validate the findings, our results are compared with the conventional short time Fourier transform (STFT) method. STFT has limitations in joint time frequency resolution for long intervals, whereas TVAR models overcome these limitations for nonstationary signals. In this study, EMG data recorded from the rectus femoris muscle are used to characterize muscular fatigue. Characterizations are done by using mean frequencies (MNF). According to our results, the new method has a better accuracy in signal representation, frequency resolution and joint time distribution
Virtual Hypervisor: Enabling fair and economical resource partitioning in cloud environments

Virtualization has rapidly gained popularity affecting multiple levels of computing stack. Since it decouples resources from their users it provides greater flexibility in terms of resource allocation but also brings new challenges for optimal design, provisioning and runtime management of systems. Cloud computing is a paradigm of computing that offers virtualized resources “as a service.” Cloud Managers are responsible for lifecycle management of virtual resources, efficient utilization of physical resources and exposing basic operational APIs to users. Software solutions can then be deployed on these virtual resources. In this paper we propose a Virtual Hypervisor abstraction allowing solution managers to have an improved control over the resource allocation decisions regarding their virtual machines while maintaining cloud manager's role as the ultimate physical resource manager. We also introduce a novel resource allocation algorithm illustrating how the Virtual Hypervisor abstraction can be efficiently realized by the global cloud manager. We also use simulations to illustrate that our algorithm can be used to achieve fairer resource sharing and isolation across different Virtual Hypervisors.
Stem Cell Research and Health Education.

Abstract Stem cells are being touted as the greatest discovery for the potential treatment of a myriad of diseases in the new millennium, but there is still much research to be done before it will be known whether they can live up to this description. There is also an ethical debate over the production of one of the most valuable types of stem cell: the embryonic form. Consequently, there is public confusion over the benefits currently being derived from the use of stem cells and what can potentially be expected from their use in the future. The health educator’s role is to give an unbiased account of the current state of stem cell research. This paper provides the groundwork by discussing the types of cells currently identified, their potential use, and some of the political and ethical pitfalls resulting from such use.
Indium 111-labeled J591 anti-PSMA antibody for vascular targeted imaging in progressive solid tumors

J591 is a monoclonal antibody that targets the external domain of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Besides prostate cancer cells, it also targets the neovasculature of non-prostate solid tumors. We provide an analysis of the antibody mass-dose dependency of lesion uptake and normal tissue retention, together with an assessment of lesion detectability using 111In-J591 imaging, compared with conventional imaging in patients with a variety of solid tumors. Twenty patients in six cohorts received fixed amounts (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 mg) of J591 in a phase I trial. A maximum of four administrations per patient was given, with each administration separated by 3 weeks. All antibody administrations included 370 MBq (10 mCi) of 111In labeled to 2 mg of J591 via the chelating agent DOTA. Three whole body (WB) gamma camera scans with at least one SPECT scan, along with multiple WB count-rate measurements and blood samples, were obtained for all patients. The effect of escalating antibody mass on lesion uptake and normal tissue retention was evaluated using lesion, liver, serum, and WB residence times and ratios thereof for each treatment cycle. Lesion detectability using 111In-J591 imaging was compared to the standard imaging on a lesion-by-lesion basis. A total of 170 lesions in 20 patients were detected by standard or 111In-J591 imaging. 111In-J591 targeted both skeletal and soft tissue diseases in all tumor types. 111In-J591 imaging identified 74% (20/27) of skeletal lesions, 53% (18/34) of nodes, and 64% (70/109) of other soft tissue/organ lesions. There was increasing 111In-J591 uptake in lesions with increasing antibody mass-dose, coupled with decreasing retention in the liver for increments up to 20 mg, and no significant change at higher antibody mass. Radiolabeled J591 antibody has potential as a targeting agent for solid tumor vasculature and lesion detection. Bone and soft tissue lesions arising from tumors of diverse origin were targeted by the anti-PSMA antibody J591. For the detection of lesions in these tumors by J591 antibody scans, an antibody mass of 20 mg is adequate. The optimal time of imaging is 5 to 7 days post-injection.
Effects of Media Messages on Parent–Child Sexual Communication

Parent-child communication about sex is an important reproductive health outcome. Consistent, positive perceptions of communication by parents and children can promote behavioral outcomes such as delaying sexual debut and increasing contraceptive use. The authors investigated whether exposure to messages from the Parents Speak Up National Campaign (PSUNC), a social marketing campaign to promote increased parent-child sexual communication, led to increased children's self-reports of communication. Also, the authors examined whether PSUNC message exposure increased agreement about communication between parents and their children. In a randomized experimental design, the authors surveyed children of parents exposed and not exposed to PSUNC messages. Parents and children completed online instruments asking matched questions about sexual attitudes, beliefs, and communication. The authors matched 394 parents and children for analysis. They used ordinal logistic regression modeling and kappa statistics. Children of parents exposed to PSUNC messages were more likely to (a) report sexual communication than were those not exposed and (b) agree with their parents about extent and content. Parent-child pairs of the same gender, younger pairs, and non-White pairs were more likely to agree. Overall, PSUNC message exposure appears to have promoted more extensive sexual communication. Future research should examine behavioral mechanisms and message receptivity among subgroups of parents and children.
What are the Economic Health Costs of Non-Action in Controlling Toxic Water Pollution?

This paper identifies information that may be important in determining the benefits of preventing toxic water contamination (or equivalent cost of non-action) when a given toxification occurs. It attempts to identify information and behaviour issues that need to be considered when benefits are estimated and weighed against the costs of removing toxins. This paper also provides ‘scenarios’ for three toxic pollutants that are found in water bodies. The paper makes use of two alternatives, one for developing countries and the other for developed countries, to demonstrate, with specific examples of arsenic, mercury and atrazine, how benefit estimates and control policies vary with different assumptions concerning behaviour/information and type of chemical contamination.
Falling into the liquidity trap: Notes on the global economic crisis

This paper examines the underlying structural imbalances leading up to the Great Recession of 2007-2009 from the vantage point of Hyman Minsky’s theory of the liquidity trap. The traditional approach to the liquidity trap focuses on the zero interest rate boundary, while Minsky’s theory focuses on three conditions that make investment spending unresponsive to monetary policy: low underlying ex post profitability of capital, weak expectations about future profitability, and uncertainty about prospective yields. The paper structures an empirical investigation of profitability and accumulation around these three factors. The Great Recession was preceded by an unbalanced recovery in which residential investment led demand while business fixed investment was structurally weak, given the strong ex post profitability of capital and the low interest rate environment. It is hypothesized that increased import penetration and concerns about the sustainability of profitability eroded both expectations and confidence about prospective yields. The Great Recession appears in this and several other dimensions to be a crisis of disproportionality.
Electronic structure of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium: electronically excited and ionized states

A computational study of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium, Ir(ppy)3, is presented. The perspective is that of using organo-transition-metal complexes as phosphorescent species in light-emitting diodes (OLED's). Quantum yields approaching 100% are possible through a triplet harvesting mechanism. Complexes such as Ir(ppy)3 are amenable to exacting experimental and theoretical studies: small enough to accommodate rigor, yet large enough to support bulk phenomena in a range of host materials. The facial and meridional isomers differ by ∼220 meV, with fac-Ir(ppy)3 having the lower energy. Because fac-Ir(ppy)3 dominates in most environments, focus is on this species. Time-dependent density functional theory using long-range-corrected functionals (BNL and ωB97X) is used to calculate excited states of Ir(ppy)3 and a few low energy states of . The calculated T1 – S0 energy gap (2.30 eV) is in reasonable agreement with the experimental value of 2.44 eV. Only a few percent of singlet character in T1 is needed to explai...
Planning in Neighborhoods with Multiple Publics: Opportunities and Challenges for Community-Based Nonprofit Organizations

New York City is the quintessential immigrant gateway, and its transformation to a majority “minority” city is evident in the complex demography of its numerous neighborhoods. Based on detailed case studies of two neighborhoods undergoing significant development pressures that pose a dramatic reshaping of community life, this article examines whether New York City community boards serve as a “pivotal” public arena to mitigate racial tensions and meaningfully engage diverse stakeholders including immigrants in neighborhood planning. The case studies of Sunset Park, Brooklyn and Flushing, Queens demonstrate that community boards do not necessarily engage all stakeholders in meaningful or sustained ways and are limited in advancing race relations in a challenging socioeconomic context. This article substantiates how community-based nonprofit organizations are essential to the institutional landscape of immigrant neighborhoods by engaging multiple publics in community planning.
Does Torture Work? A Sociolegal Assessment of the Practice in Historical and Global Perspective

Torture is absolutely prohibited and constitutes one of the core crimes under international law. There is a substantial body of sociolegal literature that addresses torture's illegality. But this article tackles the question “does torture work?” The analysis locates the practice of torture in historical and global perspective, accommodating but not constrained by post-9/11 scholarship on American torture. The titular question is treated more critically and comprehensively than a narrowly construed focus on the value and veracity of utterances produced as a result of pain and suffering. Drawing on scholarship from a variety of fields, the article addresses how torture works (i.e., why it has been used and its effects) in order to highlight the role of torture in the mutually constitutive histories of law-state-society relations. The final section uses the American case to offer conclusions about the efficacy and effects of torture.
Understanding RN and LPN Patterns of Practice in Nursing Homes

Understanding how nurse regulators can ensure optimal registered nurse-licensed practical/vocational nurse (RN-LPN) collaborations for patient safety and care quality is critically important.To aid this understanding, researchers conducted a comparative, multiple-case study on RN and LPN practice in the areas of assessment, care planning, supervision, and delegation in two states, Minnesota and North Carolina. The researchers identified three factors that differentiated nursing practice patterns in nursing homes: the quality of the connections between RNs and LPNs, the degree of interchangeability between RNs and LPNs, and RN-to-LPN staffing ratios. Findings indicate several levers for improving RN-LPN collaborations and the capacity to provide higher quality care.
Residual tumor after the salvage surgery is the major risk factors for primary treatment failure in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: A retrospective study of single institution

Background Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are rare, and knowledge of their prognostic factors is limited, with little available randomized data. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and to determine the association of their prognostic factors to primary treatment failure.
Primate Signatures and Behavioral Flexibility in Heterogeneous Regimes

Scientists are trained to generalize, and many primatologists have attempted to characterize those traits diagnostic of the Primate Order (Vaughan, 1978; Eisenberg, 1966, 1981; Fleagle, 1999; Jones, 2001; Kappeler et al., 2003; Lee and Kappeler, 2003). Of course, the traits that one considers significant will often depend upon one’s questions, and the goals and assumptions of research have not been the same in all of these research programs. Thus, although large brain to body ratio and a capacity for learning, in particular, social learning, and cognition are mentioned by many investigators as signatures of primates (e.g., Mazur, 2002; Fragaszy and Perry, 2003a), few of the other traits appear in all schemas (e.g., specializations in dentition or cranial anatomy). This chapter will propose several traits displayed by primates that appear to this author to have received little attention as possible primate signatures and which may facilitate and/or represent behaviorally flexible responses associated with the success of primates in temporally and spatially heterogeneous regimes.
Training Transductive Support Vector Machines

Chapter 7 shows that a transductive approach to text classification can lead to improved predictive performance. Especially when the number of labeled training examples is small and the test set is large, a transductive SVM (TSVM) can offer a substantial benefit over an inductive SVM. However, the problem of computational efficiency in training transductive SVMs has not been considered yet.
Contemporary surgical management of the obese adolescent.

Purpose of review Adolescent obesity is rapidly becoming a significant public health issue. To date, there are no medical therapies that provide significant and durable weight loss. The surgical treatment of adolescent obesity is a rapidly evolving field. Recent findings Recent publications have focused on the increase in the morbidity and mortality of adolescent obesity into adulthood. There have been significant findings that overweight children and adolescents progress towards severe obesity as adults. Firm guidelines for bariatric surgery in adults have been established for over 15 years, but there have been insufficient data in regards to guidelines for adolescents. The trend has always been to be more conservative, but a recent paper reviews the available literature to establish new guidelines. Adolescents can see a significant amount of weight loss in the first year after bariatric surgery with a resolution of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. Bariatric surgery is well tolerated and effective, but carries with it long-term nutritional deficiencies, which need to be assessed and supplemented. Summary Given the recent rise in obesity seen in this population, the surgical management of the adolescent has increased in popularity. Bariatric surgery is well tolerated and provides significant weight loss in those who are severely obese.
Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions in RuO2/Ta2N Precision Thin Film Resistors

Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) / tantalum nitride (Ta2N) precision thin film resistors were fabricated by dc magnetron reactive sputtering. Proper thermal treatment was utilized to tune the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) to near zero. The TCR of these samples could be easily tuned to ±10 ppm/°C. Accelerated life time (ALT) tests at 150 °C for up to 1000 hours demonstrated very good stability both in p□(Δp/p≤0.5%)and TCR (ΔTCR ≤ ±2 ppm/°C). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed that the RuO2 cap layer became deficient in oxygen after annealing, with Ru-Ta-O and Ta2O5 sublayers as the interfacial reaction products. The upper layer of Ta2N was oxidized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the sample underwent a (re)crystallization. The as-deposited Ta2N was a uniform amorphous phase, and the as-deposited RuO2 possessed fine microcrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix. Crystallization and oxidation occurred in the Ta2N film during annealing, with recrystallization and oxygen redistribution in the RuO2 film.
An Integral Representation for the Euler Numbers

(1969). An Integral Representation for the Euler Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 389-391.
Considerations in selecting an inhaled anesthetic agent: case studies

PURPOSE: Product and patient-specific factors that may influence the selection of an inhaled anesthetic agent are discussed in four case studies. SUMMARY: The cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, and renal effects of various inhaled anesthetic agents vary and may be important in selecting an agent for patients with impairment of these systems. The extent to which anesthetics are metabolized and the risk of hepatotoxicity also vary. Halothane is associated with a relatively high risk for arrhythmias and hepatotoxicity. It also has a high solubility in tissues and is associated with a slow onset and termination of effect and recovery. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences among anesthetics may be important considerations, depending on the surgical setting, anticipated duration of surgery, whether endotracheal intubation is used, and other patient-specific factors such as body weight and age. The duration of surgery is an important consideration for most patients because differences between inhaled anesthetics in offset of effect vary with the duration of the procedure. Desflurane or sevoflurane may be preferred for obese patients because of a faster recovery and greater respiratory safety compared with isoflurane. Sevoflurane is preferred for pediatric patients undergoing induction by inhalation because of its low propensity to cause respiratory irritation. CONCLUSION: There are many product- and patient-specific factors that pharmacists must take into account when selecting an inhaled anesthetic agent. It is important to consider all of these factors when developing the pre- and post-anesthesia plan.
Conductive Polypyrrole/Tungsten Oxide Metacomposites with Negative Permittivity

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites reinforced with tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods (NRs) are fabricated by a surface-initiated polymerization method. The electrical conductivity is observed to depend strongly on the particle loadings, molar ratio of oxidant to pyrrole monomer, and the filler morphology. The electron transportation in the nanocomposites follows a quasi-three-dimensional variable range hopping (VRH) conduction mechanism as evidenced by the temperature-dependent conductivity function. Unique negative permittivity is observed in both pure PPy and its nanocomposites, and the switching frequency (frequency where the real permittivity switches from negative to positive) can be tuned by changing the particle loading, ratio of oxidant to pyrrole monomer, and the filler morphology. The extent of charge carrier localization calculated from the VRH mechanism is well-correlated to the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. WO3 NRs are observed to be more efficient in improvin...