cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teachers in the news: a critical analysis of one US newspaper's discourse on education, 2006–2007

Public education discourse in the USA has been characterized by messages of crisis shaping education policies across national contexts. Education policy solutions target a lack of qualified teachers and insufficient oversight of teacher practice as central factors in the crisis, placing teacher identity as knowledgeable, authoritative professionals at the center of educational reform debates. Mainstream news media is a key site for education policy debate. I employ critical discourse analysis of education news published in a major US newspaper, uncovering how grammar patterns in news discourse situate teacher identity in relation to knowledge and authority. I demonstrate how the paper's discourse frames teacher identity in terms of Accountability and Caring and discuss how, in the context of larger economic and social policy debates, Accountability gains authority over caring to shape education policy. I call for teachers to integrate critical participation in public education debates as key element of pr...
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and inflammation in cancer

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has been studied with regard to the regulation of cell behavior for over three decades. A large body of research has been devoted to the regulation of epithelial cell and derivative carcinoma cell populations in vitro and in vivo. TGF-β has been shown to inhibit epithelial cell cycle progression and promote apoptosis that together significantly contribute to the tumor suppressive role for TGF-β during carcinoma initiation and progression. TGF-β is also able to promote an epithelial to mesenchymal transition that has been associated with increased tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. However, it has now been shown that loss of carcinoma cell responsiveness to TGF-β stimulation can also promote metastasis. Interestingly, enhanced metastasis in the absence of a carcinoma cell response to TGF-β stimulation has been shown to involve increased chemokine production resulting in recruitment of pro-metastatic myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations to the tumor microenvironment at the leading invasive edge. When present, MDSCs enhance angiogenesis, promote immune tolerance and provide matrix degrading enzymes that promote tumor progression and metastasis. Further, the recruitment of MDSC populations in this context likely enhances the classic role for TGF-β in immune suppression since the MDSCs are an abundant source of TGF-β production. Importantly, it is now clear that carcinoma-immune cell cross-talk initiated by TGF-β signaling within the carcinoma cell is a significant determinant worth consideration when designing therapeutic strategies to manage tumor progression and metastasis.
Comparative effects of ventricular assist device and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on renal function in pediatric heart failure.

Background Effects of mechanical cardiac support on renal function in children with end-stage heart failure are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of ventricular assist device (VAD) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on renal function in children. Methods We performed a single center retrospective observational study in children with end-stage heart failure supported on pediatric mechanical cardiac support. The patient population was divided into three groups: the VAD group included patients receiving ventricular assist device support; the ECMO group included patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation membrane support for more than 14 days; and the ECMO+VAD group included patients receiving ECMO followed by VAD support. Comparison of baseline characteristics, duration of mechanical cardiac support, and renal function was made between the three groups. Results During the study period, there were 23 patients in the VAD group, 16 patients in the ECMO+VAD group, and 37 patients in the ECMO group. The patients in the ECMO group were significantly younger and smaller than the patients in the VAD and ECMO+VAD groups. There was a steady improvement in eGFR in the VAD group and the ECMO+VAD group until day 7 after which there was a decline in renal function. In the ECMO group, the improvement in eGFR continued until day 28 after which there was a steady decline in eGFR. Improvement in eGFR in the VAD group and the ECMO+VAD group was much higher than in the ECMO group in the first 7 days. Conclusions On the basis of these data, we demonstrate that renal dysfunction improves early after mechanical cardiac support.
Bone Chemistry, Body Parts, and Growth Marks: Evaluating Ohio Hopewell and Cahokia Mississippian Seasonality, Subsistence, Ritual, and Feasting

Human stable isotope values and deer utility indices have been used to reconstruct Hopewell and Mississippian diets and subsistence practices, but seasonality studies are also needed to resolve debates about feasting and elite provisioning. Dispersed Hopewell tribes foraged for food and harvested native cultigens. Seasonal feasts at earthworks helped integrate the dispersed populations. Mississippian subsistence cycles are reflected in the seasonal abundance of deposited floral and faunal remains. Pits filled in spring/summer have many fish, but few deer bones. Deer remains are abundant, but fish are rare, in pits filled during the fall/winter. Finding few deer remains in some pits at Cahokia may not mean that deer were scarce but may mean that few deer were hunted during the seasons when those trash pits were filled. Stable isotope values in human burials, analyses of floral and faunal remains from pits and middens filled throughout the year, and diachronic studies of deer size and herd stability indicate that the Cahokia elite consumed a variety of foods including substantial amounts of fish and venison. Patterns in deer element distributions in “elite“” and “non-elite” contexts suggest that venison may have been part of the tribute that was presented to high-status Cahokians.
The Role of Only in Contrasts in and out of Context.

Three self-paced reading experiments explored the processing of only and its interaction with context. In isolated sentences, the focus particle only predicts an upcoming contrast. Ambiguous replacive sentences (e.g., “The curator embarrassed the gallery owner in public, not the artist”) with only on the subject or object showed faster reading of the contrast phrase (“not the artist”) than without it. The position of only also influenced the phrase's meaning; despite a bias toward object contrasts, subject only increased subject interpretations. If preceding context provides another reason for the focus particle, it no longer predicts an upcoming contrast. In biasing contexts including indirect questions, there was no facilitation when only marked the argument that answered the question, whereas only on the other argument slowed processing. Both only and context influenced interpretation. The results show that focus particles and questions can each influence processing of an upcoming contrast on- and off-...
Mechanism of adriamycin cardiotoxicity: evidence for oxidative stress.

Abstract Adriamycin is a widely used anticancer agent but the cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity severely limits the use of Adriamycin in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that Adriamycin forms reactive free radical species which may oxidize cellular components and produce the cardiomyopathy. Sulfhydryl donors and antioxidants have been effective in preventing acute Adriamycin cardiotoxicity in animal models presumably by scavenging the free radicals generated by Adriamycin. The sulfhydryl donors, namely cysteamine and N-acetyl cysteine, do not interfere with Adriamycin's antitumor activity. The results from these studies give considerable hope that the chronic cardiotoxicity from Adriamycin may be attenuated in people, thereby givinh additional therapeutic benefit from this antitumor agent.
The Crystal Structure of Magnesium Di-Zincide

Crystals of the intermetallic compound, Mg${\mathrm{Zn}}_{2}$, were prepared and the crystal structure was determined from x-ray data furnished by Laue and rotation photographs. The crystal was found to have hexagonal axes with $a=5.15\mathrm{A}$ and $c=8.48\mathrm{A}$. The unit cell contains four molecules. The effect of absorption in the crystal in determining the wave-length giving a maximum intensity of reflection in Laue photographs was used to confirm the dimensions of the unit cell. The atoms have the positions: $\mathrm{Zn}:u, \overline{u}, \frac{1}{4}; 2\overline{u}, \overline{u}, \frac{1}{4}; u, 2u, \frac{1}{4}; \overline{u}, u, \frac{3}{4}; 2u, u, \frac{3}{4}; \overline{u}, 2\overline{u}, \frac{3}{4}; 0, 0, 0; 0, 0, \frac{1}{2}$ $\mathrm{Mg}:\frac{1}{3}, \frac{2}{3}, v; \frac{1}{3}, \frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{-}v; \frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{2}+v; \frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \overline{v}.$ Where $u=0.830$ and $v=0.062$. The least distance between two magnesium atoms is 3.15A, between two zinc atoms, 2.52A, and between a magnesium and a zinc atom, 3.02A.
The effects of diversity on business performance: Report of the diversity research network

This article summarizes the results and conclusions reached in studies of the relationships between race and gender diversity and business performance carried out in four large firms by a research consortium known as the Diversity Research Network. These researchers were asked by the BOLD Initiative to conduct this research to test arguments regarding the "business case"for diversity. Few positive or negative direct effects of diversity on performance were observed. Instead a number of different aspects of the organizational context and some group processes moderated diversity-performance relationships. This suggests a more nuanced view of the "business case" for diversity may be appropriate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Family, Frailty, and Fatal Futures? Own-Health and Family-Health Predictors of Subjective Life Expectancy

Subjective life expectancy is a powerful predictor of a variety of health and economic behaviors. This research expands upon the life expectancy literature by examining the influence of familial health histories. Using a genetic/environmental model, we hypothesize that individuals’ assessments of their life expectancies will be linked to the health of first-degree and second-degree relatives, with same-sex relatives’ health exercising a stronger effect than that of opposite-sex relatives. Multivariate analyses based on data from a 2009 survey merged with familial health records (N = 1,019) confirm that the health experiences of same-sex, first-degree relatives are linked to respondents’ subjective life expectancy. The relationship between the health experiences of second-degree relatives and subjective life expectancy is much less pronounced. These findings have the potential not only to inform our understanding of health behaviors but also to encourage communication between patients and health profession...
Physiothermodynamics of Lubricant Deposition on Hot Die Surfaces

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for studying lubricant behaviour during spraying on hot die surfaces. It consists of a single droplet test to study the thermo-physical phenomena and a “similitude” based approach to extend the results to geometrically complex nozzle sprays. This methodology is applied to the published results on the cooling of hot forging die surfaces and is found to predict both the magnitude and trends reasonably well. It is observed that graphite in water lubricants with high dilutions provide heat transfer coefficients similar to that of pure water while low dilutions provide lower coefficients and longer dryoff times.
Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori urease by phenyl phosphorodiamidates: mechanism of action.

Helicobacter pylori urease is a nickel-containing enzyme that hydrolyzes urea to bicarbonate and ammonia. Andrews et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7124) have shown that amides and esters of phosphoric acid are slow, tight-binding inhibitors of urease isolated from jack bean. We show that 4-substituted phenyl phosphorodiamidates (4-R-PhOP(=O)(NH2)2) are slow-binding inhibitors of H. pylori urease with no evidence of kinetic saturation. Their second-order rates of inhibition ki are strongly correlated with phenol pKa (e.g. R = NO2, ki = 2.5 x 10(5) M-1s-1; R = OMe, ki = 1.2 x 10(4) M-1s-1). The Bronsted beta for inhibition is 0.4, similar to that of model system SN2(P) reactions. Based on these observations, we suggest that urease inhibition is covalent but reversible, involving a common phosphoacyl enzyme intermediate.
Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of dieting among overweight and non-overweight adolescents

Abstract Purpose To examine correlates of dieting behavior in overweight and non-overweight youth. Methods Data came from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), a study of eating and weight-related attitudes, behaviors, and psychosocial variables among 4746 adolescents in public schools. Logistic regression was used to compare dieters and non-dieters, and to examine interactions of dieting and overweight status. Results Approximately one third (31.8%) of the sample was overweight. Dieting in the previous year was reported by 55.2% of girls and 25.9% of boys. Dieting was associated with similarly elevated rates of extreme weight control behaviors, body dissatisfaction, and depression in both the non-overweight and overweight groups for both boys and girls. Girls reporting dieting behavior in both the non-overweight and overweight groups had similarly elevated risk for cigarette use, alcohol use, and marijuana use. Conclusions The negative correlates of dieting are similarly common among teens of varying weight status. These data suggest that dieting may not be a preferred method of weight management, even for overweight adolescents. Regardless of weight status, dieting may be a marker for other unhealthy behaviors and depressed mood in adolescents.
Gestational Age and Prolonged Physiologic Instability Are Correlated with Preschool Cognitive Function in Premature Infants ≤ 32 Weeks Gestation

Gestational Age and Prolonged Physiologic Instability Are Correlated with Preschool Cognitive Function in Premature Infants ≤ 32 Weeks Gestation
Consistent Self‐monitoring of Weight: A Key Component of Successful Weight Loss Maintenance

Objective: The objectives were to investigate the characteristics associated with frequent self-weighing and the relationship between self-weighing and weight loss maintenance. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants (n = 3003) were members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) who had lost ≥30 lbs, kept it off for ≥1 year, and had been administered the self-weighing frequency assessment used for this study at baseline (i.e., entry to the NWCR). Of these, 82% also completed the one-year follow-up assessment. Results: At baseline, 36.2% of participants reported weighing themselves at least once per day, and more frequent weighing was associated with lower BMI and higher scores on disinhibition and cognitive restraint, although both scores remained within normal ranges. Weight gain at 1-year follow-up was significantly greater for participants whose self-weighing frequency decreased between baseline and one year (4.0 ± 6.3 kg) compared with those whose frequency increased (1.1 ± 6.5 kg) or remained the same (1.8 ± 5.3 kg). Participants who decreased their frequency of self-weighing were more likely to report increases in their percentage of caloric intake from fat and in disinhibition, and decreases in cognitive restraint. However, change in self-weighing frequency was independently associated with weight change. Discussion: Consistent self-weighing may help individuals maintain their successful weight loss by allowing them to catch weight gains before they escalate and make behavior changes to prevent additional weight gain. While change in self-weighing frequency is a marker for changes in other parameters of weight control, decreasing self-weighing frequency is also independently associated with greater weight gain.
Identification of Surface Wind Patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Using Self-Organizing Maps

AbstractThe interaction of synoptic and mesoscale circulations with the steep topography surrounding the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, greatly influences the wind patterns in the region of the Ross Ice Shelf. The topography provides forcing for features such as katabatic winds, barrier winds, and barrier wind corner jets. The combination of topographic forcing and synoptic and mesoscale forcing from cyclones that traverse the Ross Ice Shelf sector create a region of strong but varying winds. This paper identifies the dominant surface wind patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model run within the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System and the method of self-organizing maps (SOM). The dataset has 15-km grid spacing and is the first study to identify the dominant surface wind patterns using data at this resolution. The analysis shows that the Ross Ice Shelf airstream, a dominant stream of air flowing northward from the interior of the continent over the western...
Stochastic Segmentation Using Gibbs Priors

Abstract In earlier work, a fast stochastic method for reconstructing a certain class of two-dimensional binary images from projections using Gibbs priors was presented. In the present study, we introduce a stochastic segmentation of magnetic resonance gray-scale images of trabecular bone using Gibbs priors. We show some results as well as some post-processing that can be used to clean up segmentations of noisy gray-scale images.
Mechanism of the Blood Pressure—Raising Effect of Cocaine in Humans

Background— Although the sympathomimetic actions and cardiovascular complications of cocaine are ascribed to inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, this hypothesis has not been tested in humans. We asked (a) whether cocaine can inhibit NE reuptake in the human peripheral circulation and (b) whether the NE-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction is the main mechanism mediating blood pressure-raising effect of cocaine. Methods and Results— In 15 healthy cocaine-naive subjects, we measured blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and forearm venous NE concentration during administration of (a) intrabrachial cocaine (0.15 and 15 mg), which produced no systemic neurohormonal effects, and (b) intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg). Intrabrachial cocaine (0.15 mg) increased venous forearm NE concentration by 82% and vascular resistance by 71% (P<0.01). Increasing the intrabrachial cocaine dose by 100-fold to match the venous cocaine level of massive cocaine overdose caused a small additional increase in venous forearm NE con...
The oxidation behavior of molybdenum and chromium alloys

Etude d'une amelioration possible de la resistance a la corrosion du molybdene par addition de chrome, d'aluminium et d'yttrium
Spastic quadriparesis due to C1–C2 subluxation in hurler syndrome

6. Ando T, and Nyhan WL: Propionic acidemia and the ketotic hyperglycinemia syndrome, in Nyhan WL, editor: Heritable DiSorders of amino acid metabolism, New York, 1974, John Wiley & Sons, inc. 7. Scriver CR, and Rosenberg LE: Amino acid metabolism and its disorders, Philadelphia, 1973, WB Saunders Company. 8. Bray PF, Herbst W, Johnson DG, Book LS, Ziter FA, and Condon VR: Childhood gastro-esophageal reflux mimicking neuropsychiatric disease, Arch Neurol 33A:388, 1976.
Developmental expression of sema3G, a novel zebrafish semaphorin

The semaphorins are a large, evolutionarily conserved family of signaling molecules with broad functions during development. The class 3 semaphorins are a subclass of secreted semaphorins found in vertebrates. There have been six class 3 semaphorins identified to date (sema3A to sema3F) and some have been shown to function in axon guidance and cardiovascular development. However, the functions of many class 3 semaphorins and their potential interactions in vivo are still not well understood. As a step toward understanding the actions of all class 3 semaphorins in vivo, we have cloned and analyzed the developmental expression pattern of a novel zebrafish class 3 semaphorin, sema3H [corrected] sema3H [corrected] is expressed in a dynamic pattern throughout the first 3 days of development. It is expressed in the adaxial cells of the somite during somitogenesis. In the brain, sema3H [corrected] is expressed in cell clusters in the midbrain and diencephalon, and is expressed in the telencephalon in close proximity to the olfactory epithelium. sema3H [corrected] also is expressed in the pharyngeal arches, the pectoral fin bud, and the developing pronephros. These results provide a basis for studying how expression of multiple semaphorins could be essential for aspects of early development.
Replicative enzymes and ageing: importance of DNA polymerase alpha function to the events of cellular ageing

Abstract A hallmark of cellular ageing is the failure of senescing cells to initiate DNA synthesis and transition from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle. This transition is normally dependent on or concomitant with expression of a set of genes specifying cellular proteins, some of which directly participate in DNA replication. Deregulation of this gene expression may play a pivotal role in the ageing process. The number of known enzymes and co-factors required to maintain integrity of the genome during eukaryotic DNA replication has increased significantly in the past few years, and includes proteins essential for DNA replication and repair, as well as for cell cycle regulation. In eukaryotic cells, ranging from yeast to man, a replicative enzyme essential for initiation of transcription is DNA polymerase alpha (pol α), the activity of which is coordinately regulated with the initiation of DNA synthesis. DNA pol α, by means of its primase subunit, has the unique ability to initiate de novo DNA synthesis, and as a consequence, is required for the initiation of continuous (leading-strand) DNA synthesis at an origin of replication, as well as for initiation of discontinuous (lagging-strand) DNA synthesis. The dual role of the pol α-primase complex makes it a potential interactant with the regulatory mechanisms controlling entry into S phase. The purpose of this review is to address the regulation and/or modulation of DNA pol α during ageing that may play a key role in the cascade of events which ultimately leads to the failure of old cells to enter or complete S phase of the cell cycle.
Rapid physical mapping of the human trk protooncogene (NTRK1) to human chromosome 1q21–q22 by P1 clone selection, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and computer-assisted microscopy

Physical mapping of small genomic DNA fragments or expressed sequences by in situ hybridization is typically limited by the size of the target DNA sequence. Isolation of large insert DNA clones from libraries containing the target DNA sequence facilitates physical mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization and allows rapid assignment of genes to cytogenetic bands. Here, we demonstrate the scheme by mapping the human protooncogene trk (NTRK1), a tyrosine kinase receptor type I gene that has earlier been assigned to two different cytogenetic loci. Large DNA insert library screening was carried out by in vitro DNA amplification using oligonucleotide primers flanking exon 4 of trk. The scheme presented here can easily be generalized to map physically very small nonrepetitive genomic DNA fragments or incomplete cDNAs.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) related pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare complication of HIV infection. The pathophysiology of HIV-related PAH is complex, with viral proteins seeming to play the major role. However, other factors, such as coinfection with other microorganisms and HIV-related systemic inflammation, might also contribute. The clinical presentation of HIV-related PAH and diagnosis is similar to other forms of pulmonary hypertension. Both PAH-specific therapies and HAART are important in HIV-related PAH management. Future studies investigating the pathogenesis are needed to discover new therapeutic targets and treatments.
The political and social contexts of cutlery production in the connecticut valley

Les AA analysent, dans une perspective anthropologique, un ensemble archeologique afin d'explorer les contextes politiques et sociaux de la technologie du couteau dans la Vallee du Connecticut aux 19 eme et 20 eme siecles. Il montre comment les strategies de domination, d'accomodation et de resistance sont « codes » dans les textes d'histoires et d'archeologie et comment l'archeologie contribue a comprendre les entrepreneurs, les travailleurs, la culture de classe, le role de l'individu dans l'innovation technologique et le changement organisationnel de la technologie liee aux systemes de production industriels.
The speciation of natural tissues by electrospray-mass spectrometry. II: Bioinduced ligands and environmental contaminants

Speciation analysis of biological materials is an emerging field in modern analytical chemistry. Identification and quantification of elemental species gives information about bioaccumulation, detoxification and toxicological implications. Analytical tools employed for speciation are often hyphenated. Structural information for the identification of an elemental species can be obtained with a mode of molecular specific detection. ES-MS is one of the most popular techniques and this review supplies bibliographical information on its application to speciation of bioinduced ligands and exogenous contaminants in biological tissues. The first part of this review dealt with the speciation of arsenic- and selenium-containing biosynthesized species [1].
Kernohan's Notch: A Forgotten Cause of Hemiplegia-CT Scans Are Useful in This Diagnosis.

Hemiparesis ipsilateral to a cerebral lesion can be a false localizing sign. This is due to midline shift of the midbrain resulting in compression of the contralateral pyramidal fibers on the tough dural reflection tentorium cerebelli. This may result in partial or complete damage to these fibers. Since these fibers are destined to cross in the medulla and innervate the opposite side of the body, this causes hemiparesis ipsilateral to the site of cerebral lesion. Computed tomography (CT) scans have not been used to support the diagnosis of this entity until now. We report a 68-year-old woman with a subdural hematoma who developed ipsilateral hemiparesis without any other explanation (Kernohan’s notch). The CT of the head showed evidence of compression of the midbrain contralateral to the hematoma and was useful in the diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to increase the awareness of this presentation and to emphasize the utility of CT scans to support the diagnosis.
Assessing Reorientation of India’s Foreign Policy in a Globalized World

The accelerated pace of globalization in its many facets has benefited some and disadvantaged others. India’s foreign policy adjusted well to changes in the external environment by establishing cordial and increasingly substantive relations with the economic dynamos of East Asia, including China, as well as the wealthy countries of the West, especially the United States. Full realization of national objectives is impeded, however, by serious socio-economic problems at home, inadequate staffing or coordination of national security institutions, and the continuing burden of Pakistan’s enmity. India’s contributions to global management in the years ahead are expected to rise with its capabilities and be welcomed by most other countries as well.
Equality of Bulk Wave Functions and Edge Correlations in Some Topological Superconductors: A Spacetime Derivation

For certain systems, the N-particle ground-state wave functions of the bulk happen to be exactly equal to the N-point spacetime correlation functions at the edge, in the infrared limit. We show why this had to be so for a class of topological superconductors, beginning with the p+ip state in D=2+1. Varying the chemical potential as a function of Euclidean time between weak and strong pairing states is shown to extract the wave function. Then a Euclidean rotation that exchanges time and space and approximate Lorentz invariance lead to the edge connection. This framework readily generalizes to other dimensions. We illustrate it with a D=3+1 example, superfluid 3He- B, and a p-wave superfluid in D=1+1. Our method works only when the particle number is not conserved, as in superconductors.
The 2.D Faddeva Algorithm Revised

The purpose of this paper is to provide a recursive equation for the computation of the 2.D Faddeva matrices of the algorithm given in [1]. It will be shown that with this equation, the algorithm becomes computationally much simpler.
Male predation risk determines female preference in the Trinidad guppy

The 'runaway process of sexual selection' explains the evolution of extreme sexual behaviours and adornments and requires that a preferred secondary sexual character expressed in one sex be genetically correlated with a preference for this character expressed in the other sex1–4. Because of this genetic correlation, individuals selecting the preferred character also select higher levels of preference, producing rapid, self-reinforcing evolution of both characters. Preference for increased development of the secondary sexual character is counterbalanced at equilibrium by natural selection acting against this character. Variation in predation against brightly coloured male guppies, Poecilia reticulata, presents a unique opportunity to test a prediction of this counterbalance between sexual and natural selection, namely that geographical variation in selection against the preferred character should lead to parallel variation in preference5. Here we present evidence that female guppies from high-predation populations show a genetically determined, lower preference for brightly coloured models of male guppies than do females from areas of low predation.
Successful treatment of persistent partial mole with oral methotrexate therapy

Two patients with persistent partial molar pregnancy were successfully treated with oral methotrexate therapy. The advantages of this form of therapy are discussed.
Daily Response of the Upper F-Region to Changes in Upper Atmospheric Temperature and Geomagnetic Activity

Upper F region daily response to changes in temperature and geomagnetic activity showing latitudinal dependence
Thin carbon foil breakage times under ion beam bombardment

Abstract We have measured the breakage times of thin carbon foils of different thicknesses under bombardment by Ar+ ions of 1–3 MeV energy. The breakage times are independent of foil thickness over the areal density range of 2–22 μg/cm2. Our results are in reasonable agreement with previous measurements of foil breakage. We propose an empirical formula for the foil breakage time τ in terms of the ion energy E: τ( p μ A · min / mm 2 ) = A(∼10)·E 1.15 ( MeV / amu ) .
Enhanced glomerular phospholipase activity in the obstructed kidney.

Previous study demonstrated that an increment of glomerular eicosanoid production may contribute to the haemodynamic changes in the obstructed kidney. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for enhanced glomerular eicosanoid production, the present study was designed to investigate activities of related enzymes by isolated glomeruli from rat kidney with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) for 24 hours. The activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was determined by monitoring [14C] arachidonate release using [14C] phosphatidylcholine (PC) or [14C] phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as a substrate. Phospholipase C (PLC) activity was assayed by measuring the release of [3H] inositol triphosphate ([3H] IP3) from [3H] phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate ([3H] IP2). The activity of PE-specific PLA2 was increased in glomeruli from the kidney with BUO and the contralateral kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction (CLK). PLC activity was significantly greater in the cytosolic fraction of glomeruli from kidneys with UUO, BUO and CLK compared to sham-operated control. The activity of PC-specific PLA2 was not significantly increased in any group. These results indicate that the increased synthesis of eicosanoids by glomeruli from obstructed kidney may be mediated by enhanced activities of PE-specific PLA2 and PLC. The increased activities of these phospholipases by glomeruli from CLK may contribute to a compensatory response.
Educação integral, educação contextualizada e educação em direitos humanos: reflexões sobre seus pontos de intersecção e seus desafios

Integral education, contextualized education and human rights education practices are three essential practices in an educational process based on human training, understood as integral formation of the human being, where the act of educating is not synonymous with schooling and content, but to be understood as a social praxis. In that sense, the points of intersection between these practices are present in practice, in the educational curriculum as well as in the challenges they face to establish themselves. This article aims to reflect on this theme from the discussion of a pedagogical practice that has as its objective the empowerment of learners and educators.
On the role of helicity in complex fluid flows

Abstract Results of direct numerical simulations of the Taylor-Green vortex are analysed by conditional sampling. In regions of small energy dissipation, there are tendencies for (1) velocity, u , and vorticity, ω , to be aligned and (2) vorticity and curl of vorticity, ▿ × ω, to be nearly orthogonal. The fields of dissipation, enstrophy, turbulence production, and vortex stretching exhibit a striking similarity in their spatial structure.
Roux-en-Y near esophagojejunostomy for intractable gastroesophageal reflux after antireflux surgery.

Background Intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after prior antireflux operation presents a difficult challenge. Our objective was to investigate the role of Roux-en-Y near esophagojejunostomy (RNYNEJ) in the management of intractable reflux symptoms after prior antireflux surgery. Methods Between June 2000 and October 2005, 25 patients with GERD after antireflux surgery underwent RNYNEJ. The endpoints evaluated were improvement in GERD symptoms using the GERD-Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) scale, overall patient satisfaction, overall patient weight loss, and improvement of comorbid conditions. Results There were 4 men and 21 women (mean age 51 years; range, 35 to 74). Seventy two percent had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30. Forty-four percent had more than one antireflux surgery and 40% had a previous Collis gastroplasty. The perioperative mortality was 0%. Six patients (24%) developed major postoperative complications, including anastomotic leak (n = 2) and Roux-limb obstruction (n = 1). The median length of stay was 6 days. Eighty percent of the patients reported satisfaction at mean follow-up time of 16.5 months. Their BMI reduced from 35.8 to 27.7 (p Conclusions The RNYNEJ for persistent GERD after prior antireflux surgery is technically challenging with significant morbidity. However, the majority of the patients reported satisfaction with significant improvement in symptoms. Many patients had associated benefits of weight loss and improvement in comorbid conditions. Roux-en-Y near esophagojejunostomy should be considered as an important option for the treatment of intractable GERD after prior antireflux surgery, particularly in the obese.
Cooperative airborne monitoring: Opening the skies to promote peace, protect the environment, and cope with natural disasters

Few arms control scholars or practitioners are familiar with the Open Skies Treaty and other cooperative airborne monitoring programmes. Yet the Treaty only began full-scale implementation on 1 January 2006. All NATO members and much of the former Warsaw Pact region are subject to overflights. According to the quotas specified by the treaty, Russia and the United States each are subject to up to 42 annual confidence-building overflights annually by planes equipped with cameras and other sensors, though there will be only four overflights in 2006. Other parties to the treaty have smaller overflight quotas. This is progress, but there are a host of new applications for airborne monitoring regimes that have barely been explored. This article summarizes the history and current status of Open Skies, indicating its strengths but also highlighting its weaknesses. It recommends future uses for cooperative airborne monitoring. Open Skies regimes can be an effective tool in many conflict areas including India–Pakis...
Vertical normal mode transforms: theory and application

Abstract The separation of the vertical structure of the, solutions of the primitive (hydrostatic) meteorological equations is formalized as a vertical normal-mode transform. The transform is implemented for arbitrary static stability profiles by the Rayleigh-Ritz method, which is based on a variational formulation closely connected with energetics. With polynomial basis functions the order of accuracy is exponential. When vertical transforms of observed fields are computed, energy may be aliased onto the wrong vertical modes; this aliasing may be reduced substantially by a careful choice of sampling levels. The spectral distributions of observed tropical forcings of the wind and mass fields are presented.
Shock noise features using the SCIPVIS code

The numerical computational supersonic jet plume model SCIPVIS was analyzed in order to determine its effectiveness for predicting the complicated flow structure associated with supersonic shock containing jet plumes. The analysis focused on assessing the applicability of using this code for predicting the broadband shock noise radiation. The analysis was carried out for several exit Mach number cases (including 1.00, 1.41, and 1.99) covering both underexpanded and overexpanded flow conditions. The three primary turbulence closure models incorporated in the SCIPVIS code were utilized for comparisons to measured plume static pressure distributions. Among other results, the prediction of plume static pressures for all three nozzle exit Mach numbers was found to perform exceptionally well when compared with experimental data for both underexpanded and overexpanded cases. Computations performed using this code for calculating the average shock wavelength for the 1.99 exit Mach number case were shown to provide an excellent prediction of the peak frequency for broadband shock noise. The spatial variation of the turbulent kinetic energy was found to be in qualitative agreement with wedge hot-film measurements.
New cytotoxic butanolides from Litsea acutivena.

Six new compounds, including one nor-neolignan, dehydroxymethylailanthoidol (1), and five butanolides, litseakolide D (2), litseakolide E (3), litseakolide F (4), litseakolide G (5), and isolincomolide D (6), were isolated from the leaves of Litsea acutivena. Their structures were elucidated from spectral analyses. The butanolides (2−6) showed significant cytotoxic activity against P-388, A549, and HT-29 cell lines in vitro.
Potential applications of influenza A virus vectors as tumor vaccines

Abstract Reverse genetics techniques have been established for the introduction of specific mutations into the influenza A virus genes. These techniques allowed the generation of influenza virus vectors expressing foreign antigens. Expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) by influenza virus vectors might represent a promising way to induce potent cellular immune responses against cancer cells, leading to tumor regression.
Monospecific serum for typing Haemophilus influenzae type b produced by immunization with Escherichia coli strain ‘Easter’

Rabbit and burro antisera produced by injection of an Escherichia coli (075:Kf147:H5) strain Easter reacted only with the type b capsular antigen of whole bacterial extracts of the six types of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae and strains of H. parainfluenzae, H. hemolyticus and H. aphrophilus . The E. coli antisera had comparable agglutinin, quellung, immunofluorescence and anti type b precipitins in agar gel to H. influenzae type b typing serum. In counter current immunoelectrophoresis used to detect the type b antigen in CSF, serum and other body fluids of patients, the rabbit E. coli antisera had the same specific activity as several preparations of commercially available H. influenzae type b typing reagents. The monospecificity of this E. coli antiserum should avoid false interpretations of serologic tests among H. influenzae types due to cross-rezctions of noncapsular antigens observed at times with H. influenzae type b typing serum. Immunization with this cross-reacting E. coli provides a simple method for preparing typing serum for H. influenzae type b without the hazard of handling potentially pathogenic organisms.
Pole tip recession studies of thin-film rigid disk head sliders II. Effects of air bearing surface and pole tip region designs and carbon coating

Abstract Pole tip recession (PTR) results in an increase in spacing between recording elements and magnetic media which is undesirable for high-density recording. The effects of air bearing surface (ABS) designs, pole tip region designs and carbon coating on the growth of PTR with increasing start-stop cycles have been investigated. A better ABS design for less PTR should reduce contact time between slider and disk during take-off and landing of the slider. Among the two-rail, tail-dragger and negative pressure sliders, the negative pressure slider has shortest contact time during take-off and landing, followed by the two-rail slider and tail-dragger slider. The growth mechanisms of PTR for two-rail slider with or without U-shaped slot consists of knocking-off protruded poles, generation of wear particles and three-body abrasive wear. The PTR reaches a saturated value after a certain start-stop cycles. However, for the tail-dragger slider with square-shaped slot, there is a fourth step of erosion which leads to no saturation of PTR and a relatively rough surface of poles. Mechanisms of PTR for negative pressure slider is similar to the two-rail slider but with a lower saturated PTR value. Carbon coating minimizes or eliminates the PTR growth through reducing static and kinetic friction during take-off and landing, providing a wear-resistant protective layer and eliminating dissimilarities of ABS, thin film structure and poles. Based on this study, we find that negative pressure slider which minimizes contact at head-disk interface and carbon coating which protects thin-film region are desirable alternatives for slider designs. Initial recession is desirable as compared to protrusion.
The Influence of Race on Hispanic Housing Choices: New York City, 1978-1987

How does race influence the housing choices of Hispanic households who have recently moved? Results of this study demonstrate that white Hispanics are more successful than black Hispanics and other...
Gem Russet: A long Russet potato variety with excellent fresh market and french fry processing quality

Gem Russet, a new medium maturing, long russet potato variety, was released in 2000 by the USDA/ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suited for use in the fresh, frozen-fried processing, and dehydration markets. Total tuber yield of Gem Russet is similar to that of Russet Burbank when grown in eastern Idaho, but lower when grown in the long-season areas of western Idaho and the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. U.S. No. 1 yield is consistently higher that that of Russet Burbank. Tubers of Gem Russet have good processing and baked quality. Gem Russet is resistant to most external and internal physiological defects, including second growth, growth cracks, shatter bruise, and hollow heart. It is moderately susceptible to blackspot bruise. Gem Russet shows extreme resistance to potato virus X, resistance to common scab, and moderate resistance to early dying. Biochemical analysis of Gem Russet tubers has shown higher solids, lower reducing sugar and glycoalkaloid content, and higher concentration of protein and vitamin C when compared with tubers of Russet Burbank.
Quantitative volumetric analyses of brain magnetic resonance imaging from rat with chronic neuroinflammation.

Brain inflammation may have a pathogenic role in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic neuroinflammation upon anatomical changes in two regions of interest in the temporal lobe using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques. We show that chronic infusion of lipopolysaccharide into the fourth ventricle for 4 consecutive weeks enlarged the lateral ventricles and significantly decreased the size of the hippocampal formation and the temporal lobe region. These changes are comparable to those observed in humans during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Melvyl® System Revised Search Sheet

The following Melvyl system search sheet updates the 1991 search sheet published in the first edition of Search Sheets for OPACs on the Internet. Although the first edition's search sheet is still very useable, it does not document some new features (e.g., Save Set, the Mail To, and Update commands) as well as the change in I.P. address. The Melvyl search sheet is the first of several revised search sheets to be published in CWIS. For example, there have been changes in the Harvard, Rensselaer, University of Illinois, and CARL search sheets to name just a few. The next edition of Search Sheets for OPACs on the Internet will have search sheets for over one hundred new OPACs not covered in the first edition. We hope to keep up with the changes in the OPACs of both editions in CWIS.
On the Application of Extended Kalman and Continuous Discrete Extended Kalman Filter for a HIL Magnetic Levitation Device

Magnetic levitation (maglev) devices have been extensively studied in the literature and find applications in many engineering fields. In this manuscript, we investigate and discuss the control and state estimation for a nonlinear maglev device based on Kalman estimation theory considering unmodeled process and measurement noise in the formulation. The Continuous Discrete Extended Kalman Filter (CDEKF) is utilized to estimate the system states and subsequently generate the control output based on the estimates. The approach is demonstrated in simulation using actual hardware (maglev and sensor) dynamics and parameter values. Currently, the proposed approach is being implemented and tuned on hardware in the loop (HIL) maglev device. The performance of the proposed approach in the simulated environment for state estimation and system control for step and sinusoidal reference trajectories and the HIL implementation procedure are also discussed.© 2007 ASME