cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of γ from charmless B ± →M 0 M ± decays using U-spin

Abstract U-spin multiplet approach is applied to the full set of charmless hadronic B ± → M 0 M ± decays for the purpose of precise extraction of the unitarity angle γ. Each of the four data sets, P 0 P ± , P 0 V ± , V 0 P ± and V 0 V ± , with P≡ pseudoscalar and V≡ vector, can be used to yield a precise value of γ. The crucial advantage of this method over the common SU ( 3 ) symmetry based quark-diagrammatic approach is that no assumptions regarding relative sizes of topological decay amplitudes need to be made. As a result, this method avoids an uncontrollable theoretical uncertainty that is related to the neglect of some topological diagrams (e.g., exchange and annihilation graphs) in the SU ( 3 ) approach. Application of the U-spin approach to the current data yields: γ = ( 54 −11 +12 ) ° . We find that improved measurements of ϕ π ± and K ¯ ∗ 0 K ± branching ratios would lead to appreciably better extraction of γ. In this method, which is completely data driven, in a few years we should be able to obtain a model independent determination of γ with an accuracy of O(few degrees).
Needed Changes to Sweeten the Impact of Testing

Ignorance on the part of educators about the effects of testing on pupils has an adverse effect on the uses of tests. Two approaches for correcting the situation are proposed: (a) paying more attention to the pupil performance that produces the test scores, and (b) developing closer integration between the testing process and the total educational process. A contrast is drawn between what Piaget calls a measure of “yield” and what he calls “constructive operations,” and the suggestion is made that the latter type of information is accessible from testing. Lip service paid to the idea that “testing is an integral part of education” is insufficient. Testing must be perceived by the test consumer as a form of continuous feedback that is indispensable to the management of learning here and now.
A Reconfigurable and Flexible Experimental Footprint for Control Validation in Power Electronics and Power Systems Research

This paper introduces a reconfigurable and flexible experimental footprint for validation of new development in power electronics and power systems research. The system contains six drives with six diode rectifiers, and six IGBT converters, which can be reconfigured as back to back converter or diode rectifier drive systems. The induction motor (IM) and the permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) in this system provide a platform for research on motor control, fault detection, and diagnosis (FDD), etc. The two thyrisor dc drives with two dc motors work as loads for IM and PMSM. The dc drives also work as nonlinear loads to support research on power quality. Together with the configured diode rectifier drives, one adjustable nonlinear load offers a platform for development of power quality control algorithms. Additionally, the system interacts with real time digital simulator (RTDSreg) for control algorithm verification in controller hardware in the loop (HIL) or power HIL tests. Hence, the entire system is flexible and reconfigurable for different research areas, e.g. motor control, FDD, active filtering, STATCOM and other power electronics or power system research. Three examples are presented in the area of FDD, STATCOM, and power quality to demonstrate the capability of this experimental footprint.
Similarity-driven sequence classification based on support vector machines

A novel sequence classification method is proposed in the context of support vector machines (SVM). This method is driven by an intuitive similarity measure, namely ER/sup 2/, which directly tells the similarity of two sequences (1- or multi-dimensional). If sequence X is very similar to Y (for instance, the similarity by ER/sup 2/ is above 90%), it is safe to assign X to the same class as Y. ER/sup 2/ is plugged into standard SVM to speed up the decision-making of multi-class classification. The immediate application of the method is in the adaptive online handwriting recognition, where handwritten characters are represented by 2D sequences of X-, Y-coordinates. Experiments on the benchmark database UNIPEN show that the classification driven by ER/sup 2/ can be about three times faster than standard SVM while the classification accuracy is enhanced or comparable.
Crustal Thickness Variations across the Blue Ridge Mountains, Southern Appalachians: An Alternative Procedure for Migrating Wide-Angle Reflection Data

Abstract Migration of wide-angle reflections generated by quarry blasts suggests that crustal thickness increases from 38 km beneath the Carolina Terrane to 47–51 km along the southeastern flank of the Blue Ridge. The migration algorithm, developed for generating single-fold images from explosions and earthquakes recorded with isolated, short-aperture arrays, uses the localized slant stack as an intermediate data set. In contrast with other methods, it includes an interpretive step that is based on the assumption that all coherent P -wave energy consists of reflections from planar interfaces. Each sample in the slant stack is mapped into a planar, dipping segment with a length that is determined by the recording aperture. Migrated sections from within the Blue Ridge show increases in reflectivity at depths of 20 and 40 km. High apparent reflectivity from 40 to 50–55 km suggests a layered zone in the lower crust that is similar to models proposed for the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee and the Adirondacks. The migration results are consistent with regional gravity data and with the occurrence of crustal roots beneath the Urals, another Paleozoic orogen.
A t-haplotype (tw75) overlapping two complementation groups.

The recessive lethal T/t-complex haplotype t w 75 was isolated from Jena, East Germany, prior to 1973. It was at first thought to be a standard member of the t w 5 complementation group because matings of T / t w 75 × T / t w 5 produced tailless offspring only (Dunn, Bennett & Cookingham, 1973). Cross tests with all other complementation groups and embryological studies have recently been completed, with results demonstrating that t w 75 does not complement the members of either the t w 5 or the t w 1 complementation groups. Histological studies show that compound embryos t w 75 / t w 5 and t w 75 / t w 1 die with symptoms indistinguishable from t w 5 / t w 5 and t w 1 / t w 1 homozygtes respectively. Thus t w 75 represents the first confirmed isolation of a t -haplotype that overlaps two complementation groups.
Modern Breeding Approaches to Enhancing Soy Protein Quality

Publisher Summary Soybean meal is the dominant protein source for livestock and human nutrition. This chapter discusses the ongoing plant breeding strategies to improve soybean protein quality for livestock and human nutrition. The nutritional value of soy protein can be further enhanced through genetic selection for elevated levels of growth limiting amino acids such as the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine, and cysteine. Soy meal also contains phytate, a phosphorous compound that is not digestible by monogastric animals. Reduction of soybean seed phytate would improve livestock nutrition and reduce the environmental impact of phosphorous in livestock waste.
Back-Up Detection Devices: What Do We All Need to Know? Dangerous Blind Zones

This article reviews the problem of children getting injury or killed when they are inadvertently backed over by a vehicle. The author notes that these tragedies are occurring with greater frequency because more and more people are driving larger vehicles with bigger blind zones. More than 60% of backover incidents involve a truck, van, or sports utility vehicle (SUV). The author first describes the length of blind zones behind several different size vehicles for both average height and shorter-than-average height drivers, considers the type of education need to increase public awareness about this problem, and reviews legislation that can address some basic safety regulations. The remainder of the article considers the usefulness and effectiveness of back-up detection devices in preventing backover incidents. Early research is showing that systems with sensors and warning beepers and those with cameras had little effect on whether participants struck unexpected obstacles (at least half the drivers still hit the obstacle). Similarly, extra mirrors and wide-angle lenses are only effective if the driver is alert and using them. The author provides information from Consumer Reports (2004) on specific sensor models, camera models, safety mirrors, and Doppler radar system. The author concludes that there is no substitute for driver alertness and education of parents and children about the potential danger created when children are behind vehicles.
Risk Pathways for Suicide Among Native American Adolescents

Native American (Native) adolescents have the highest suicide rates in the United States, yet no conceptual models describing risk factors specific to this population exist. We sought to further hone a Native-specific conceptual model developed from quantitative data with qualitative data collected from a longitudinal series of interviews with (N = 22) Native adolescents who had attempted suicide. Four levels of suicide risk emerged, detailing individual, family, community, and societal factors that affect youths' pathways to suicide, along with a variety of subthemes and constructs. Some themes parallel established models of suicide risk; however, others are unique to the experience of this sample, including the impact of overtaxed households and family composition, significant grief burden, contagion, and stigma surrounding treatment seeking. We suggest adaptations of existing themes and constructs in the model. We discuss practical implications for research and intervention development, along with strengths and limitations of the study.
PREDICTING EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION OF PROSTATE CANCER IN MEN TREATED WITH RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: RESULTS FROM THE POPULATION BASED PROSTATE CANCER OUTCOMES STUDY

ABSTRACTPurpose: We investigated whether clinical information routinely available in community practice could predict extracapsular extension of clinically localized prostate cancer in men undergoing radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: We examined prostate cancer outcomes in a population based sample of 3,826 patients with primary prostate cancer in 6 regions of the United States covered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Stratified and weighted logistic regression was used to identify predictors of and probabilities for extracapsular extension of clinically localized tumors treated with radical prostatectomy.Results: Nearly 47% of men undergoing radical prostatectomy had extraprostatic extension. The strongest predictors were elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) greater than 20 versus less than 4 ng./ml. (odds ratio 5.88, 95% confidence interval 2.90 to 11.15), Gleason score greater than 8 versus less than 6 (1.73, 1.04 to 2.87) and age greater than 70 versus less th...
Feature selection and prediction with a Markov blanket structure learning algorithm

Background Classification and prediction are common tasks in machine learning. For example, many studies have attempted to predict gene expression given information, such as DNA sequence, expression of other genes or epigenetic modifications. Many existing methods, such as neural networks and support vector machines, have been used to make these predictions. Unfortunately, these black box techniques offer little insight into the reasoning behind the predictions. In many cases, relatively few attributes contribute to the classification accuracy. Bayesian networks explicitly encode the relationships among attributes to make predictions. In a Bayesian network, the Markov blanket (MB) of the class variable gives all of the
Fluid-regulating hormones during exercise when central blood volume is increased by water immersion

To examine the influence of an increase in central blood volume with head-out water immersion (WI) on fluid-regulating hormones during exercise, 10 healthy men underwent upright leg cycle exercise on land and with WI. Venous plasma renin activity and plasma venous concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin were determined at exercise intensities corresponding to approximately 40, 60, 80, and 100% peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and at minutes 1 and 5 of seated rest recovery within each environment. Peak VO2 did not differ on land and with WI. Atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was higher (P less than 0.05) and plasma renin activity was lower (P less than 0.05) in water than on land at 40% peak VO2 through minute 5 of recovery. Plasma aldosterone and arginine vasopressin concentrations were lower (P less than 0.05) in water at peak exercise and at minutes 1 and 5 of recovery. Osmolality and plasma sodium and potassium concentrations during exercise were similar in water and on land. The results indicate that WI alters the circulating levels of several hormones involved in fluid and electrolyte regulation during exercise. These hormonal alterations can best be explained by stimulation of low-pressure baroreceptors and atrial stretch due to increased central blood volume with head-out WI.
2.8 A mixed-mode injection frequency-locked loop for self-calibration of injection locking range and phase noise in 0.13µm CMOS

Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) are widely used to realize low-noise carrier sources, particularly at mm-Waves by leveraging harmonic injection, but only within a narrow locking range (ΔfL) [1]. Substantial effort has been made to improve ΔfL by increasing the injection current through multiport injections in open-loop architectures at the expense of a fair amount of extra power dissipation (Pdiss) [2]. The ΔfL-limitation can also be mitigated by calibrating the free-running frequency (fosc) of the ILO using a mixer-based closed-loop configuration, but at the expense of significant hardware complexity in the multi-frequency feedback control and substantially increased Pdiss [3]. In the closed-loop self-calibration technique presented in this paper, the feedback signal is primarily processed in the digital domain after extracting the envelope signal bearing the frequency difference between the injection source (finj) and fosc in the analog domain, resulting in a compact and power-efficient injection-frequency locked loop (IFLL) tracking the 3rd-harmonic of finj over 26.5-to-29.7GHz (ΔfL: 11.4%) with a 2.4mW Pdiss in the calibration circuits.
Memory for intentions: The effect of presence of a cue and interpolated activity

Memory for intentions was investigated by asking S, at the beginning of the experiment, to remember to report, at the end of the experiment, the state in which he was born. Providing S with a retrieval cue at the time he formed the intention facilitated S’s recall of the intention. In addition, recall was more probable when fewer items intervened between the forming of the intention and the time at which it was supposed to be recalled. These results suggest that retention of intentions is not different from retention of other kinds of materials with respect to the influence of the two variables tested: presence of a cue and length of the retention interval.
Utilization of carbon compounds by Helminthosporium maydis and H. carbonum.

Five strains of Helminthosporium maydis Nisik. et Miyake and two strains of H. carbonum Ullstrup were grown on 14 carbohydrates and 13 fatty acids each as the sole carbon source. All carbohydrates except L(-)-sorbose supported excellent growth. Fatty acids having 12 or more carbon atoms supported growth of all strains except H. carbonum Race II, which failed to grow on linolenic acid. Optimum growth of strain NRRL 5128 H. maydis Race T in shaken culture occurred within 7 days at 28 C. Under these conditions this strain utilized 45-55% of corn oil when incorporated into the medium at 5% by volume as the sole carbon source.
Isolation of Mucopolysaccharide from the Precartilaginous Embryonic Chick Limb Bud.

SummaryLimb buds which had been allowed to take up radioactive sulfate were extracted and fractionated in the presence of crude non-radioactive polysaccharide-protein complex from 12-day chick embryos. The radioactive material was not soluble and did not become soluble after incubation for 18 hours at 37° in sodium hydroxide but did become readily soluble after digestion with papain. After treatment with sodium hydroxide and papain, the radioactive material was excluded by Sephaclex G-50, but. after treatment with hyaluronidase, the material was held up on the same column. Fractionation of the calcium salts of the radioactive material suggested the presence of chondroitin sulfates A, C, and a small amount of B.
The Development of the Science of Marketing—An Exploratory Survey:

T HE SCIENCE or art of marketing, as we know it, has developed largely from the fields of economics, scientific management, psychology, and accounting. It is entirely possible that archeologists or historians may sometime discover that many of the principles were known and practiced by ancient peoples. But the classified body of knowledge which we call the science of marketing has evolved during the past 50 years-to a very considerable extent during the past 35 years-and it has been developed very largely by persons still living. The first college courses in marketing were offered in 1901-02 at the Universities of Illinois and Michigan. The first textbooks appeared in the years 1911 -I915. Correspondence courses in advertising were offered in Chicago in I896 by Edward T. Page and Samuel T. Davis. Harlow Gale at the University of Minnesota in the late 1890's, and Walter Dill Scott at Northwestern University by I900, devoted considerable attention to advertising in their classes in psychology, but New York University is said to have offered the first collegiate course in advertising in I9o5.1 Sooner or later studies will be made into the origins of the principles and concepts of marketing, and it seems desirable to ascertain and record the recollec-
SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT PROJECTIVE CLUSTERING

We describe a new Monte Carlo algorithm for projective clustering that is both simple and efficient. Like previous Monte Carlo algorithms, we perform trials that sample a small subset of the data points to determine the dimensions in which the points are sufficiently close to form a cluster and then search the rest of the data for data points that are part of the cluster. However, our algorithm differs from previous algorithms in the method by which the dimensions of the cluster are determined and the method for determining the points in the cluster. This allows us to use smaller subsets of the data to determine the cluster dimensions and achieve improved efficiency over previous algorithms. The complexity of our algorithm is O(nd1+log α/ logβ), where n is the number of data points, d is the number of dimensions in the space, and α and β are parameters that specify which clusters should be found. To our knowledge, this is the lowest published complexity for an algorithm that is able to place high bounds on the probability of success. We present experiments that show that our algorithm outperforms previous algorithms on real and synthetic data.
Effect of a maxillary appliance in an adult with obstructive sleep apnea: a case report.

Patients who arrive at the dental office with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are often managed with a mandibular advancement device (MAD). However, the use of MADs has been associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues. The authors describe a case report of a 64-year-old male who was treated with a novel, maxillary oral appliance. The baseline sleep study indicated an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 25.6/hour with 28 episodes of snoring, and 30.9 oxygen desaturation events/hour. The patient wore the maxillary oral appliance for 10-12 hours/day and night. The midpalatal screw mechanism of the appliance was advanced once per week for six months. By the end of this time, the minimum intra-premolar width increased from 27 mm to 30 mm; the minimum intramolar width increased from 35 mm to 37 mm, and the AHI dropped to 80% decrease in the AHI, less snoring and an improvement in oxygen saturation after 14 months, the use of a maxillary oral appliance appears to have reached resolution of OSA in an adult male.
From the USDA: Educating the Next Generation: Funding Opportunities in Food, Agricultural, Natural Resources, and Social Sciences Education

The National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the U.S. Department of Agriculture provides leadership, capacity, and funds to support the continuing development of a safe and competitive agricultural system. Many of the agency’s educational programs are led by the Division of Community and Education (DOCE). These programs span agricultural education, enhancing agricultural literacy through both formal and nonformal education. Here, we have highlighted funding opportunities within DOCE that enhance agricultural education and literacy by supporting the improvement of students’ critical communication, leadership skills, and experiential learning opportunities. Some of these programs include opportunities for which students can apply, while others focus on faculty applications. Opportunities faculty can apply for may support student-recruitment and student-retention techniques, curriculum development, innovative teaching methods, and institutional capacity-building programs. Overall, these programs foster a diverse workforce in agricultural science that matches the increasing diversity of the country.
In Vitro Activation: A Dip Into the Primordial Follicle Pool?

Context: A current limitation of assisted reproduction is the number of available female gametes. This Commentary discusses in vitro activation (IVA), a technique that activates dormant ovarian follicles so that these follicles can become mature oocytes for fertilization. There is considerable evidence that mechanical signaling plays an important role in oocyte maturation and survival; manipulation of the mechanical environment is a key component of the IVA process. IVA acts on existing follicles and does not promote neo-oogenesis, which likely contributes little to the primordial follicle pool in the adult. Conclusions: Several women with primary ovarian insufficiency who underwent the IVA procedure have achieved live births. IVA might also be applicable to women with pathological diminished ovarian reserve and those with physiological diminished reserve due to natural aging. Cancer patients with cryopreserved ovarian tissue also might benefit from IVA. Based on future studies, IVA could prove to be a re...
A phase-space reconstruction approach to detect covert channels in TCP/IP protocols

Covert channels via the widely used TCP/IP protocols have become a new challenge issue for network security. In this paper, we propose an effective method to detect the existence of hidden information in TCP ISNs (Initial Sequence Numbers), which are known as the most difficult covert channels to be detected. Our method uses phase space reconstruction to characterize dynamic nature of ISNs. A statistical model is then proposed. Based on this proposed model, the classification algorithm is developed to identify the existence of information hidden in ISNs. Simulation results have demonstrated that our proposed detection method outperforms the-state-of-the-art in terms of high detecting accuracy and greatly reduced computational complexity. Instead of off-line processing as the-state-of-the-art does, our new scheme can be used for on-line detection.
Intent in Manner Determination

Manner of death determination is a basic and traditional task for medical examiners. Though it has a history spanning centuries, many facets of manner determination continue to be problematic. Few ...
The GNASR201C mutation associated with clonal hematopoiesis supports transplantable hematopoietic stem cell activity

Genome sequencing efforts have identified virtually all of the important mutations in adult myeloid malignancies. More recently, population studies have identified cancer-associated variants in the blood of otherwise healthy individuals as they age, a phenomenon termed clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). This suggests that these mutations may occur in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) long before any clinical presentation but are not necessarily harbingers of transformation because only a fraction of individuals with CHIP develop hematopoietic pathologies. Delineation between CHIP variants that predispose for disease versus those that are more benign could be used as a prognostic factor to identify individuals at greater risk for transformation. To achieve this, the biological impact of CHIP variants on HSC function must be validated. One variant that has been identified recurrently in CHIP is a gain-of-function missense mutation in the imprinted gene GNAS (Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein, Alpha Stimulating). In this study, we examined the effect of the GNASR201C variant on HSC function. Ectopic expression of GNASR201C supported transplantable HSC activity and improved lymphoid output in secondary recipients. Because declining lymphoid output is a hallmark of aging, GNASR201C mutations may sustain lymphoid-biased HSCs over time and maintain them in a developmental state favorable for transformation.
Contraceptive method use in the United States: trends and characteristics between 2008, 2012 and 2014

Abstract Objective The objective was to examine levels of, correlates of and changes in the use of individual and grouped methods of contraception among US females aged 15–44 from 2008 to 2014. Study design Using three rounds of the National Survey of Family Growth, we analyzed samples of 12,279 (2008), 5601 (2012) and 5699 (2014) females. We conducted simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify associations between demographic characteristics and contraceptive use, as well as between characteristics and changes in use patterns. Results In terms of overall trends in contraceptive use between 2008 and 2014, there was no significant change in the proportion of women who used a method among either all women (60%) or those at risk of unintended pregnancy (90%). Significant changes in use occurred among six methods. The largest increase in use was among users of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods, including the intrauterine device and implant — from 6% to 14% — across almost all population groups of female contraceptive users, while the largest decrease occurred among users of sterilization — from 37% to 28% — with lower-income women driving the decline in female sterilization and higher-income women driving the decline in a partner's sterilization as a primary method. Moderate increases were seen in the use of withdrawal and natural family planning. Conclusion Most shifts in recent contraceptive use have occurred among the most effective methods — sterilization and LARCs. Differences in method-specific user characteristics underscore the importance of ensuring full access to the broad range of methods available. Implications The lack of change in the overall use of contraceptives among women at risk for unintended pregnancy may have implications for the extent to which further declines in national rates of unintended pregnancy can be expected.
Dissecting gene-environment interactions: A penalized robust approach accounting for hierarchical structures.

Identification of gene–environment (G×E) interactions associated with disease phenotypes has posed a great challenge in high-throughput cancer studies. The existing marginal identification methods have suffered from not being able to accommodate the joint effects of a large number of genetic variants, while some of the joint-effect methods have been limited by failing to respect the “main effects, interactions” hierarchy, by ignoring data contamination, and by using inefficient selection techniques under complex structural sparsity. In this article, we develop an effective penalization approach to identify important G×E interactions and main effects which can account for the hierarchical structures of the two types of effects. Possible data contamination is accommodated by adopting the least absolute deviation (LAD) loss function. The advantage of the proposed approach over the alternatives is convincingly demonstrated in both simulation and a case study on lung cancer prognosis with gene expression measurements and clinical covariates under the AFT (accelerated failure time) model.
Common-mode filtering in multilayer printed circuit boards

Common mode (CM) conversion in differential communication links represents serious signal integrity (SI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) hazards. Two types of common-mode filtering structures are investigated in this paper. The first employs complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) structures placed in the reference layer surrounded by via fences, and the second uses a composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) structure formed by placing metallic strips between the microstrip traces. Via fences were employed to surround the individual CSRR filtering structures, which allows cascading to either filter at multiple frequencies or else to broaden filtering bands. Via fences also prevent filtered CM energy from exciting parallel-plane waveguide (PPW) modes which would degrade the board's EMC and SI environments.
ärztin, Informatikerin oder Hausfrau? Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Einfluss des Besuchs einer Mädchenschule auf die Zukunftsvorstellungen von Gymnasiastinnen

In vorliegendem Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, ob und gegebenenfalls wie sich der Besuch einer Madchenschule auf zukunftsbezogene Vorstellungen von Gymnasiastinnen (Beruf, Partnerschaft und Familie) auswirkt. Die Ergebnisse, die im Kontext einer im suddeutschen Raum durchgefuhrten Studie1 uber geschlechtergerechte Lernumgebungen gewonnen wurden, werden im Anschluss an die theoretische Einbettung der Fragestellung und Erlauterung des Stellenwertes, der monoedukativen Schulen im deutschsprachigen Raum zukommt, prasentiert und abschliesend diskutiert. Unser Fokus liegt zwar auf (Sud)Deutschland, doch lassen sich die theoretischen Annahmen und empirischen Befunde aufgrund der ahnlichen gesellschaftlichen und bildungspolitischen Situation unseres Erachtens zumindest mit Einschrankungen auch auf die Nachbarlander osterreich und Schweiz ubertragen.
Heat Conduction in a Finite Bar with a Nonlinear Source

A model reaction-diffusion equation for temperature with a nonlinear source term is introduced which is an extension of the linear source one treated in Chapter 5. This is equivalent to the interaction-diffusion equation for population density originally analyzed by Wollkind et al. (SIAM Rev 36:176–214, 1994, [142]) through terms of third-order in its supercritical parameter range. That analysis is extended through terms of fifth-order to examine the behavior in its subcritical regime. It is shown that under the proper conditions the two subcritical cases behave in exactly the same manner as the two supercritical ones unlike the outcome for the truncated system. Further there also exists a region of metastability allowing for the possibility of population outbreaks discussed in Chapter . These results are then used to offer an explanation for the occurrence of isolated vegetative patches and sparse homogeneous distributions in the relevant ecological parameter range where there is subcriticality for a plant-ground water model to be treated in Chapter . Finally these results are discussed in the context of Matkowsky’s (Bull Amer Math Soc 76:646–649, 1970, [78]) two-time nonlinear stability analysis. The problem applies this nonlinear stability analysis through terms of third-order to a particular reaction-long range diffusion model equation (Wollkind et al, SIAM Rev 36:176–214, 1994, [142]).
La ética moral dialógica como artefacto perverso de gestión organizacional

El presente documento, realiza una aproximacion al dilema etico-moral que se visible en las organizaciones a la hora de tomar decisiones, dado que se presentan frecuentemente dos opticas que se oponen mutuamente en las practicas de gestion administrativa. Esta doble optica, o dialogica ha sido abordada clasicamente desde un enfoque simplista, en un intento desmedido por anular la logica subyacente. Sin embargo, enfoques sistemico-complejos proponen mecanismos de distension para el abordaje problemico del fenomeno, haciendo que esa contradiccion, sea confrontada con un enfoque ecologista, a traves de la construccion de valores, a cambio de la induccion forzosa, y acompanada de un discurso consistente en vez de un doble discurso, y que a traves de un proceso de construccion de comunicacion moral, se permita la interaccion y el acceso a diferentes niveles de verdad y de valores individuales o grupales con potencial de ser institucionalizados. El problema del relativismo moral en las Organizaciones, se sugiere entonces, ser abordado desde una coherencia racional en procura de la estabilidad permanente, soportado en un sistema de valores y principios construidos, que permitan las decisiones reflexivas que favorezcan la construccion de un caracter a la hora de establecer metas y deliberar sobre ellas. Finalmente, se resalta el aporte de la etica de minimos, como posible camino para la minimizacion del totalitarismo moral y por ende, la posible coexistencia de una puralidad libre de temor e incertidumbre para quienes difieren de ella, que les permita compartir unos minimos innegociables que operen al interior de las organizaciones.
Improved near-surface wind speed characterization using damage patterns

Abstract Tornadoes have caused significant damage and casualties in the past decades. These losses have spurred efforts toward tornado-based design, which requires an accurate estimate of the near-surface tornadic wind speeds. Due to the difficulty of obtaining in-situ measurements and various issues regarding Enhance Fujita (EF) scale, a promising method of estimating near-surface wind speed based on damage inflicted is developed. The method utilizes fall directions of trees and other objects with distinct fall patterns to describe the characteristics of the tornado and other wind storms. The observed fall patterns are used to estimate Rankine vortex parameters and reproduce near-surface wind field. The wind field then can be compared to structural damage as an independent method. The near-surface wind speeds of different tornado cases were estimated using this method, one of which (Sidney, IL) exhibited ‘crop-fall’ patterns and yet another (Naplate, IL) caused damage to trees and other infrastructures such as street signs. Based on the damage to structures and estimated wind speeds from tree-fall analysis, empirical fragility curves are also developed, which allows to interpret the vulnerability to tornadoes. The entire process of wind speed, wind load, structural resistance and ultimately how to mitigate damage then can be better understood.
The Tau of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport.

Aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau is the hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Eftekharzadeh et al. (2018) demonstrate that pathogenic tau alters nucleocytoplasmic transport by interacting with components of the nuclear pore complex, revealing a perturbation shared by multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
History of Audio Forensics

The ability to perform audio forensic analysis hinges on the availability of audio recordings made outside the confines of a recording studio. The first portable recorders using magnetic tape appeared in the 1950s, and soon these devices were used to obtain clandestine recordings of interviews and wiretaps, as well as to record interrogations and confessions.
Synthesis of N-substituted 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines, 4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperidines, and (+/-)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidines: selective antagonists at the 1A/2B NMDA receptor subtype.

Antagonists at the 1a/2B subtype of the NMDA receptor (NR1a/2B) are typically small molecules that consist of a 4-benzyl- or a 4-phenylpiperidine with an ω-phenylalkyl substituent on the heterocyclic nitrogen. Many of these antagonists, for example ifenprodil (1), incorporate a 4-hydroxy substituent on the ω-phenyl group. In this study, the position of this 4-hydroxy substituent was transferred from the ω-phenyl group to the benzyl or phenyl group located on the 4-position of the piperidine ring. Analogues incorporating pyrrolidine in lieu of piperidine were also prepared. Electrical recordings using cloned receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes show that high-potency antagonists at the NR1a/2B subtype are obtained employing N-(ω-phenylalkyl)-substituted 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine, 4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperidine, and (±)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine as exemplified by 21 (IC50 = 0.022 μM), 33 (IC50 = 0.059 μM), and 40 (IC50 = 0.017 μM), respectively. These high-potency antagonists are >1000 times more ...
High Energy Laser Propagation: Modeling Scintillation Effects

The environmental effects of high energy laser propagation are numerically simulated in a wave optics model coupled with direct simulation of the background fluid flow. The roles of fluid boundary conditions and scintillation are discussed.
Batf3-Dependent CD11blow/− Peripheral Dendritic Cells Are GM-CSF-Independent and Are Not Required for Th Cell Priming After Subcutaneous Immunization

Abstract Abstract 1113 Granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) regulates the development and activity of several myeloid cell types, including dendritic cells (DCs), thereby influencing the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. Mice lacking GM-CSF or its receptor show decreased antigen specific T cell priming against the encephalitogenic peptide of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55), and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Beyond this role in priming adaptive immune responses, GM-CSF acts to sustain ongoing T cell effector responses, both in EAE initiated by MOG35–55 peptide and in other models of autoimmunity. A recent report has argued that part of the role for GM-CSF in EAE is based on its requirement for the development of a subset of dermal DCs, termed CD11blow/−Langerin+CD103+ DCs (J Exp Med. 207:953–61, 2010). These dermal DCs represent one anatomic subtype of peripheral tissue CD11blow/−CD103+ DCs, and share the properties of efficient antigen cross-presentation and IL-12 production with lymphoid tissue-resident CD8α+ DCs. Peripheral tissue CD11blow/−CD103+ DCs and lymphoid tissue-resident CD8α+ DCs are developmentally related, each being dependent on FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), and requiring the transcription factors Batf3, Irf8, and Id2 for development. Mice deficient in any one of these transcription factors selectively lack these DC subsets, with Batf3−/− mice representing the best model for studying the role of these DCs in vivo, as Irf8−/− and Id2−/− mice display more widespread immune defects. Here, we directly compared the development of peripheral tissue DCs and susceptibility to EAE in GM-CSF receptor deficient (Csf2rb−/−) and Batf3−/− mice. We confirmed that Csf2rb−/− mice displayed poor priming of MOG35-55 peptide-specific T cell responses and resisted induction of EAE. Importantly, however, we found that Batf3-dependent dermal CD11blow/−Langerin+ DCs did, in fact, develop in Csf2rb−/− mice, but that these DCs expressed reduced, but not absent, levels of the surface marker CD103. In contrast, Batf3−/− mice, lacking all peripheral CD11blow/− DCs and lymphoid tissue-resident CD8α+ DCs, showed robust Th cell priming after subcutaneous immunization, and were fully susceptible to EAE. These results exclude the hypothesis that defective T effector cell priming and resistance to EAE exhibited by Csf2rb−/− mice result from the absence of dermal CD11blow/−Langerin+CD103+ DCs, and instead suggest that GM-CSF is acting via different mechanisms to promote autoimmunity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A systematic approach to team creation and peer evaluation in a large classroom setting.

Abstract Introduction There is limited data to support a particular method for optimal team creation in pharmacy education. We aimed to implement and evaluate a systematic approach to team creation and compare the impact on team dynamics to teams created via random selection. Methods Two concurrent courses were used to assess team creation methods. Student-specific variables were used for team creation in one course while another course utilized teams created via random allocation. Each course conducted similar peer evaluations to provide feedback and assess team dynamics. A matched pre- and post-course survey assessed changes in student perceptions of team creation and peer evaluation. Student-perceived team effectiveness and individual coursework performance were assessed. Results A total of 109 students were enrolled in each of the two courses, with 98% and 93% providing evaluation of team dynamics within the intervention and control methods, respectively. Students perceived better team effectiveness in intervention-created groups in relation to decreased task (p Conclusions A systematic approach to team creation improved student-perceived team dynamics with no significant impact on coursework scores. A systematic approach to team creation via a web-based platform is feasible in a large classroom setting and may provide an avenue for assessment approaches related to teamwork and team dynamics.
The Mechanism by Which Many Partial Difference Equations Destabilize

The motivation for this work was to attempt to understand the reason that certain classes of explicit numerical algorithms for computing solutions to partial differential equations develop intense local patches of instability after long times, even when all the linear stability criteria are satisfied. Now, numerical analysts are the academic world’s greatest plumbers, and so practitioners of the art of numerical computation have invented many ingenious schemes to circumvent these problems (see, for example [1]). However, beyond declaring that the instabilities are nonlinear in character and beyond a few careful analyses of the problem (for example [2], [3]), the numerical analyst has not investigated in any great detail the nature of the breakdown.
Comparison of right lateral versus left lateral versus sternal recumbence intra‐abdominal pressure measurements in normal dogs

Objective To determine if there is a difference in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) among 3 anatomic body positions (right lateral, left lateral, and sternal recumbence) in apparently healthy dogs. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Animals Fourteen apparently healthy male dogs. Measurements and main results After mild sedation with dexmedetomidine, a water manometer attached to a Foley urinary catheter was used to measure IAP in 3 different body positions in each dog. There was no significant difference in IAP between right lateral (3.87± 3.16 cm H2 O), left lateral (4.45 ± 3.22 cm H2 O), and sternal recumbence (4.04 ± 3.57 cm H2 O). Conclusions Based on data from these 14 apparently healthy dogs, these 3 body positions can be used interchangeably for monitoring an individual dog. However, more research in dogs is needed to see if this conclusion holds true when IAP is abnormal.
‘The first impression, you, yourself, will buy’: The Gunninghiad, Virginius and Virginia and the Art of Scandal at the Minerva Press

In the wake of a personal scandal that Horace Walpole dubbed 'The Gunninghiad', Susannah Gunning returned to literary writing after some years’ absence from the scene. The two works she published with William Lane’s Minerva Press in 1792, Anecdotes of the Delborough Family and Virginius and Virginia. A Poem, in Six Parts. From the Roman History, demonstrate both Gunning’s artistic range and Lane’s marketing genius. Together, Gunning and Lane capitalised on the Gunninghiad scandal in an attempt to rehabilitate Gunning’s reputation as a writer and fill the coffers of the press. This article re-examines Gunning’s undervalued literary career to argue that publishing with Lane afforded her opportunities to rewrite the scandal of which she’d been a part, experiment with literary genres she had yet to explore, and profit from what she lived and wrote.
Indications for Total Gastrectomy in CDH1 Mutation Carriers and Outcomes of Risk-Reducing Minimally Invasive and Open Gastrectomies.

Importance CDH1 variants are increasingly identified on commercially available multigene panel tests, calling for data to inform counseling of individuals without a family history of gastric cancer. Objectives To assess association between CDH1 variant pathogenicity or family history of gastric or lobular breast cancer and identification of signet ring cell cancer and to describe outcomes of risk-reducing minimally invasive and open total gastrectomy. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was performed from January 1, 2006, to January 1, 2020, in 181 patients with CDH1 germline variants from a single institution. Interventions Genetic counseling, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and possible total gastrectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures CDH1 variant classification, family cancer history, findings of signet ring cell carcinoma at esophagogastroduodenoscopy and surgery, postoperative events and weight changes, and follow-up. Results Of 181 individuals with CDH1 germline variants (mean [SD] age at time of testing, 44 [15] years; 126 [70%] female), 165 harbored a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant. Of these patients, 101 underwent open (n = 58) or minimally invasive (n = 43) total gastrectomy. Anastomotic leaks that required drainage were infrequent (n = 3), and median long-term weight loss was 20% (interquartile range [IQR], 10%-23%). In those undergoing minimally invasive operations, more lymph nodes were retrieved (median, 28 [IQR, 20-34] vs 15 [IQR, 9-19]; P < .001) and the hospital stay was 1 day shorter (median, 6 [IQR, 5-7] vs 7 [IQR, 6-7] days; P = .04). Signet ring cell cancer was identified in the surgical specimens of 85 of 95 patients (89%) with a family history of gastric cancer and 4 of 6 patients (67%) who lacked a family history. Among the latter 6 patients, 4 had a personal or family history of lobular breast cancer, including 2 with signet ring cell cancer. Of the 16 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CDH1 variants who presented with locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, 3 (19%) had no family history of gastric cancer or personal or family history of lobular breast cancer. Conclusions and Relevance Total gastrectomy may be warranted for patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CDH1 variants and a family history of gastric or lobular breast cancer and may be appropriate for those without a family history. A minimally invasive approach is feasible and may be preferred for selected patients.
The Economic Causes and Consequences of Accounting Choices: the Case of Equity-Carve-Outs Under Sab 51

SAB No. 51 issued by the SEC in 1983 permits parents to take book gains from equity carve-outs either [a] directly into additional paid-in capital; or [b] through net income with tax provided; or [c] through net income with no tax provided. The FASB recently indicated that it intends to disallow this unique financial reporting choice. Our proposal develops predictions from competing positive theories concerning two questions. First what have been managers' economic motivations for their accounting choices for carve-outs since 1983? Second what have been the scope and size of the economic consequences of the choices permitted by SAB 51?