cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma in aids patients: case report and literature review

According to the published data, most primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are B-cell lymphomas; primary T-cell lymphomas are rare. In a search of the MEDLINE database, we found only 6 cases of primary T-cell PCNSL. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old man with AIDS, not on highly active antiretroviral therapy, who presented with focal neurologic symptoms and was found on magnetic resonance imaging to have multiple brain lesions. A biopsy showed T-cell lymphoma, and the patient was subsequently treated with whole-brain radiation, to marked clinical response. Reported cases from the literature of primary T-cell PCNSL in AIDS patients are summarized in this review.
Western Presence in Emerging Markets: A Content Analysis of Western Presence in South African Television Commercials

There is major growth opportunity for businesses entering emerging markets. Advertising to consumers within these markets is an issue that marketing strategists must examine in order to prepare for success. In this content analysis of an emerging market’s (South Africa) primetime television, a snapshot of the local advertising landscape is examined in order to identify the current level of western investment. This study seeks to provide insight on the languages spoken, the ethnicity of the actor, and the products marketed in these advertisements to have an idea about the strategies being employed by western companies to communicate in this emerging market.
Graduate Training and Productivity: A Look at who Publishes

I David R. Morgan and Michael R. Fitzgerald, "Recognition and Production Among American Political Science Departments," Western Political Quarterly, 30 (September 1977), 342-350; and John S. Robey, "Political Science Departments: Reputations Versus Productivity," PS, 12 (Spring 1979), 202-209. 2 See the rankings by Albert Somit and Joseph Tanenhaus, American Political Science: Profile of a Discipline (New York: Atherton Press, 1964), 34; Allan M. Cartter, An Assessment of Quality in Graduate Education (Washington, D.C.: American Council of Education, 1966), 40-41; and the Ladd and Lipset survey as reported in Malcolm G. Scully, "The Well-Known Universities Lead in Ratings of Faculties' Reputations," The Chronicle of Higher Education Uanuary 15, 1979), 6-7.
The anodic dissolution of tin in acidic chloride solutions

Abstract The anodic dissolution of Sn in acidic chloride solutions (pH = −2.0 to 2.9) was studied at 25 °C. The apparent valence of the dissolving ions varied from about 0.4 to 2.4, and was a function of both electrolyte and c.d. The complexing of Sn2+ by Cl− had an important influence, with SnCl−3 apparently being the dominant product. A reaction sequence is proposed involving the stepwise oxidation of Sn, accompanied by reaction with Cl−.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): Its Broad Effect on Practice

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and its final rule, raised fears among practitioners of new and complex regulations that might interfere with medical practice, lead to inadvertent liability and unwanted expense. It generated a dizzying set of health-care administrative activities and a new work for legal consultants. It has extensive scope, and includes most health plans and practitioners. It has regulated both privacy and security, including electronic, paper, and oral communications. However, after a HIPAA compliant office structure is established, and the privacy notice is reviewed and signed by the patient, disclosure of medical information for treatment, payment or "health-care operations" is permitted without recurrent consent forms, thus allowing substantially familiar patterns of doctor-to-doctor communication about treatment. Further, the initial approach to enforcement appears to some legal observers to be more likely corrective rather than punitive, although providers remain uneasy over the mere possibility of criminal penalties. As regards medical research, uncertainties about the application of HIPAA seem less resolved and more variably interpreted by different institutions, with ongoing fear in the research community that important public health and epidemiologic research activity may be compromised by well meaning IRBs using inconsistent, overly strict or erroneous interpretation of the intent of HIPAA regulations.
Upper estimate for positive solutions of the (p,n−p) conjugate boundary value problem

Abstract We consider the ( p , n − p ) conjugate boundary value problem. A new upper estimate for positive solutions of the problem is obtained. At the end of the paper, we discuss the sharpness of this new upper estimate and a lower estimate from the literature.
Bmp Signaling in Congenital Heart Disease: New Developments and Future Directions

Congenital heart malformations are the most common of all congenital human birth anomalies. During the past decade, research with zebrafish, chick, and mouse models have elucidated many fundamental genetic pathways that govern early cardiac patterning and differentiation. This review highlights the roles of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in cardiogenesis and how defective BMP signals can disrupt the intricate steps of cardiac formation and cause congenital heart defects.
Optical depth measurements by shadow-band radiometers and their uncertainties

Shadow-band radiometers in general, and especially the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadow-band Radiometer (MFRSR), are widely used for atmospheric optical depth measurements. The major programs running MFRSR networks in the United States include the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) Network, and NASA Solar Irradiance Research Network (SIRN). We discuss a number of technical issues specific to shadow-band radiometers and their impact on the optical depth measurements. These problems include instrument tilt and misalignment, as well as some data processing artifacts. Techniques for data evaluation and automatic detection of some of these problems are described.
Percival Lowell, W. H. Pickering and the founding of the Lowell Observatory

Summary The founding of the Lowell Observatory has been neglected by historians in favour of Lowell's Martian research. Important in its own right, the founding must be understood in the scientific and cultural context of the 1890s. The cultural institutions of Boston, especially Harvard College, facilitated the collaboration between Lowell and W. H. Pickering which was necessary to launch the new observatory. While Lowell turned to Harvard and the Pickering brothers for expertise, he also struggled to protect his observatory's autonomy against the imperial ambitions of the larger institution. Without Lowell's determination, the Lowell Observatory might very well have become, like Arequipa, another station in Harvard network.
Capacitance-voltage dependence of zinc-diffused GaAs p-n junctions☆

The capacitance-voltage behavior of zinc-diffused GaAs p-n junctions indicates a severe non-linearity of the impurity distribution near the junction. This is probably due to the non-Fickian nature of zinc diffusion in GaAs. The capacitance of zinc-diffused GaAs p-n junctions varies as C ∝ V−1n where the n values range from 2, as for an abrupt junction, to 3, as for a linear gradient junction. The capacitance-voltage relations for two assumed zinc profiles are calculated and compared with experimental results. A linear gradient on the p-side and a constant donor concentration equal to the starting donor concentration on the n-type side are found to be a good approximation of the actual impurity distribution at a zinc-diffused p-n junction.
The Impairment and Recovery of Dynamic Walking Stability during Virtual Environment Exposure in the Elderly

The emerging technology of virtual reality (VR) used in motor rehabilitation might bring in challenges to elderly users' locomotion safety. The objective of this study was to investigate such effects of virtual environment (VE) exposure to the dynamic stability of lower extremities by using a head mounted display (HMD). Twelve healthy elderly were randomly assigned with real world or VR walking conditions. Maximum Lyapunov exponents (maxLE), which served as a general measurement of dynamic stability, were assessed for real world walking, VR walking in the initial phase and VR walking in the habituated phase. Significant degradation of stability at the initial phase and remarkable recovery of stability after VE habituation were found at five lower extremity landmarks out of six, suggesting potential problems for the elderly to accept VR based interventions and the importance of habituation to a new perturbation. Meanwhile, across all walking conditions, dynamic stability was found to be increased from ankl...
Implementation of a one-equation turbulence model within a stabilized finite element formulation of a symmetric advective-diffusive system☆

The success of stabilized finite element methods for symmetric advective-diffusive formulations of the laminar Navier-Stokes equations has motivated extension of these concepts to turbulent flows. A one-equation model which preserves the symmetry of the system's advective and diffusive matrices has been developed. This model is based on the work of Norris and Reynolds and utilizes a transport equation for the turbulent velocity scale q and an algebraic relation for the turbulent length scale l. From these two quantities, an eddy viscosity can be calculated. This model has been implemented by way of a Galerkin/least-squares finite element method. Solutions are presented which verify the good behavior of the formulation.
Normal pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-diphosphonate after intravenous administration.

In the past several years bone imaging has become a routine diagnostic tool for the nuclear medicine clinician. However, increased information may be derived by determinating the radio-pharmacokinetic parameters associated with blood, urine, and bone. In an adult male population of normals (N = 5–6) blood clearance, urinary excretion, and skeletal uptake of 99mTc-Diphosphonate were determined as a function of time after intravenous (i.v.) administration. The quantitative imaging studies (lower lumbar region) were performed up to 1 h post administration with a scintillation camera interfaced to a computer. Blood levels exhibited a triexponential clearance pattern and urinary excretion of the radiopharmaceutical was essentially complete by 4 h. The computer-generated images showed an initial early uptake in bone, kidneys, and soft tissue. Thereafter, a parallel fall-off in activity was observed in kidneys and soft tissue, with a concomitant increase in bone.
On the density distribution in the moon

Models for lunar density distribution consistent with available data on lunar physical properties
Long-term histologic and electrophysiologic evaluation of the alloy retinal tack.

The retinal tack is a useful adjunctive instrument in the repair of complicated retinal detachments. To examine the tissue response of chronically implanted alloy tacks, we implanted a series of tacks into rabbit eyes. Their effects were observed at 1 and 4 weeks, at 6 months, and at 2.5 years after insertion. Our observations indicate that the histology and electrophysiology of the retina was generally not affected. All tacks were surrounded by connective and/or glial tissue scar and induced firm retinal adherence. The retinal architecture was normal within 1 mm of the scar; indicating that these alloy tacks do not cause tissue damage outside the immediate area of the wound, even when left in place over a period of 2 years.
Making Yiddish modern: The creation of a Yiddish‐Language establishment in the Soviet Union

Cet article raconte l'histoire de la creation d'un etablissement philologique yiddish en Union sovietique dans les annees 1920 qui montre la force de la centralisation autant que ses limites. Un institut a Minsk, un autre a Kiev, creation du journal philologique professionel Di Yidishe Shprakh (La langue yiddish) qui a reussi a codifier et a etendre la reforme linguistique entreprise par les erudits sovietiques du yiddish, la premiere conference generale sur l'orthographe yiddish, tels sont les sujets abordes par l'A..
Effects of early alcohol exposure upon adult learning ability and taste preferences

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of preweaning exposure to alcohol upon adult learning ability and taste preferences. Two groups of rats, one whose mothers drank only water and one whose mothers drank only wine, were tested as adults for their ability to form learning sets and for their preference between water and wine. Animals whose mothers drank wine performed below the level of control animals with regard to learning set formation and consistently drank more wine than the controls.
The Effect of School Choice on Participants: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries

School choice has become an increasingly prominent strategy for enhancing academic achievement. To evaluate the impact on participants, we exploit randomized lotteries that determine high school admission in the Chicago Public Schools. Compared to those students who lose lotteries, students who win attend high schools that are better in a number of dimensions, including peer achievement and attainment levels. Nonetheless, we find little evidence that winning a lottery provides any systematic benefit across a wide variety of traditional academic measures. Lottery winners do, however, experience improvements on a subset of nontraditional outcome measures, such as self-reported disciplinary incidents and arrest rates.
Morphometric, biochemical, and physiological assessment of perinatally induced renal dysfunction.

Three chemicals, known either to alter renal development when administered during fetal development or to affect renal function when administered to adult rats, were administered to Sprague‐Dawley rats at critical periods of renal development. Chlorambucil (CHL) was administered ip on d 11 of gestation at doses of 0, 3, and 6 mg/kg; nitrofen (2,4‐dichlorophenyl p‐nitrophenyl ether) (NIT) was given po on d 8–16 of gestation at 0, 4.17, 72.5, and 25 mg/kg·d; and mercuric chloride (MER) was given sc on postnatal d 1 at 0, 74, and 28 μg/pup. To assess the effects of these toxicants on the functional development of the kidneys, a diuresis test with and without antidiuretic hormone was applied on postnatal d 3 (PD 3); a hydropenia test on PD 6; and kidney weights, glomerular counts in midhilar cross sections, and the specific activity of renal alkaline phosphatase were determined on PD 3 and 6. Data from pups with obvious malformations of the kidneys was eliminated from the statistical analyses of the data so t...
Stresses of hexagonal screw dislocation arrays. III. Isolated dislocation cells incorporating hexagonal screw dislocation networks

Models of dislocation cells are constructed from aggregates of the hexapolar units studied in parts I and II, and their stresses are investigated by computer techniques. Two new features were investigated in particular. 1. The units' rotational stress fields combine to form long-range rotational stresses about aggregates of the units which obliterate the hexapolar symmetry of the long-range stresses that would otherwise have been expected. 2. The models are incomplete without the addition of „rims” of dislocations about their circumference. These were found to greatly increase the strength of the long-range stresses and to impart to them a multipolar character corresponding to the cell shape. Suitably arranged edge-dislocations, one at each corner of the tilt walls forming the rim, will almost completely cancel the rim stresses. Accordingly, these or similar dislocations would be attracted to such dislocation cells in crystals. The short-range stresses of the cells are closely alike those of the corresponding infinitely extended dislocation walls up to about one link length from the edges. Einfache Modelle von Versetzungszellen werden durch Zusammenlagerung der in Teil I und II behandelten Hexapole konstruiert und ihre Spannungen besonders in Hinsicht auf zwei neue Erscheinungen untersucht: 1. Die Rotationsspannungsfelder der einzelnen Hexapole uberlagern sich zu verstarkten Spannungen gleicher Art um Gruppen von Hexapolen herum und uberdecken die sonst zu erwartenden weitreichenden Spannungen sechszahliger Symmetrie. 2. Die Zellen mussen durch „Rander” von Versetzungen vervollstandigt werden, da sie sonst Versetzungen mit Burgersvektoren von zwei verschiedenen Starken enthalten wurden. Unerwarteterweise dominieren diese Rander uber die weitreichenden Spannungs-felder der Zellen und pragen ihnen die Symmetrie des Zellquerschnittes auf. Durch Uberlagerung von nur wenigen, zweckmasig orientierten Kantenversetzungen konnen jene Spannungen kompensiert werden. Entsprechend wurden in Kristallen solche oder ahnliche Versetzungen von den Zellspannungen angezogen werden. Die Zellspannungen kleiner Reich weite sind bis inncrhalb ctwa einer Maschenlange Abstand von den Kanten fast die gleichen, als wenn die jeweiligen Zellwande unendlich ausgedehnt waren.
The impact of pharmacogenomic factors on steroid weaning in pediatric heart transplant patients using logistic regression analysis

Background: Pharmacogenomic predictors of drug response include both drug metabolism-disposition factors and drug targets. Information on statistical approaches to analyzing clinical data sets in relation to genetic polymorphisms is limited. Objective: To evaluate whether logistic regression could detect the pharmacogenomic predictors of outcome in a large data set in a transplant patient population. Methods: 77 pediatric heart transplant (HTx) patients were studied. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors using SPSS. Patients were followed for at least one year post HTx as outpatients, and weaned from corticosteroids if clinically appropriate. The dependent variable was the presence or absence of steroid therapy at one year post HTx. The independent variables were MDR1 exon26, CYP4503A5 and cytokine polymorphisms, tacrolimus blood level/dose, and rejection status based on heart biopsies. Results: Using logistic regression analysis, MDR1 exon26 (p=0.017), rejection status (p=0.046), transforming growth factor-beta (p=0.058) and interferon-gamma (p=0.077) were independently associated with steroid weaning. This confirmed the importance of MDR1 exon26; 12 of 18 (67%) patients in the CC group were still on prednisone, whereas only 18 of 47 (38%) of the CT/TT group were still receiving prednisone (p=0.04, Chi-square). Conclusions: This study confirms the utility of logistic regression analysis in the treatment of large data sets from complex patient populations. The major predictor of steroid weaning, the MDR1 exon26 genotype, was clearly demonstrated to be associated with the primary outcome measure while minor predictors were identified for future studies. This approach identifies pharmacogenomic factors which can be (1) studied more extensively in larger data sets, and (2) used in prospective analyses of the ability to individualize therapy based upon these factors.
Further experience in rehabilitation of zone II flexor tendon repair with dynamic traction splinting

A review of all flexor tendon repairs in the "no man's land" performed from January of 1985 to June of 1987 was done to evaluate the efficacy of our method of rehabilitation. There were 60 fingers (57 patients) with complete laceration of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons in zone II. Fingers with phalangeal fractures, joint injuries, or significant skin loss were excluded. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 48 months. Rehabilitation consisted of a 12-week protocol using the U.S. military combined regimen of controlled motion. Features from the technique of controlled active extension against rubber band passive flexion as well as those of controlled passive extension and passive flexion were incorporated. The palmar pulley modification of Kleinert's dynamic traction splint was utilized. Strickland's total active motion formula was employed to determine results. The results were classified into the four categories of excellent, good, fair, and poor. Fifty-two fingers (86 percent) were rated excellent, 4 fingers (7 percent) were rated good, 1 finger (2 percent) was rated fair, and 3 fingers (5 percent) were rated poor.
Blockade of AP1 Transactivation Abrogates the Abnormal Expression of Breast Cancer-specific Gene 1 in Breast Cancer Cells *

Breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1) is not expressed in normal breast tissue but is highly expressed in the vast majority of invasive and metastatic breast carcinomas. When over-expressed, BCSG1 significantly stimulates the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. The accumulated evidence suggests that the aberrant expression of BCSG1 in breast carcinomas is caused by transcriptional activation of the BCSG1 gene. However, the transcription factors that activate BCSG1 transcription have not been identified. In this study, we extensively investigated the role of AP1 in BCSG1 expression in breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that there are two closely located AP1 binding sites residing in the first intron of the BCSG1 gene. Mutation of either AP1 motif on the BCSG1 promoter constructs markedly reduces the promoter activity. We further show that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increases BCSG1 mRNA expression and up-regulates BCSG1 promoter activity through the intronic AP1 sites. The effect of TPA on BCSG1 transcription is also demonstrated under in vivo conditions in intact cells by using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that show the TPA-induced binding of c-Jun to the chromatin region encompassing the intronic AP1 sites. Finally, to examine the direct effect of AP1 transactivation on BCSG1 expression, we established stable cell lines of T47D that express the dominant negative mutant of c-Jun, TAM67. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that levels of BCSG1 mRNA and protein in TAM67 transfectants were drastically reduced as compared with mock-transfected cells. Furthermore, inhibition of BCSG1 expression by blocking AP1 transactivation produced a similar repressive effect on cell growth as that by expressing BCSG1 antisense mRNA. We show that the anchorage-independent growth of T47D cells expressing either TAM67 or BCSG1 antisense mRNA is significantly inhibited. Taken together, we provide strong evidence that AP1 plays an overriding role in the transcription of the BCSG1 gene and that blockade of AP1 transactivation down-regulates BCSG1 expression and suppresses tumor phenotype.
Arthroscopic reconstructionof traumatic anterior instability

Abstract As techniques evolve, instrumentation improves, knowledge of instability increases, and as longer follow-upsbecome available, there appears to be a trend toward performing arthroscopic reconstruction for traumatic instability of the shoulder in athletes. It is essential to make an accurate diagnosis from an extensive history and a thorough physical examination. Surgically, all pathologic lesions should be identified and addressed. Specific care must be taken to protect the capsulolabral complex and prepare the glenoid to stimulate a healing response. The capsule must be freed and advanced superiorly and laterally to have a successful result. Although capsular injury and microscopic failure may not be apparent, it must be recognized and addressed. The depth of the glenohumeral cup must be restored and the anterior bumper re-created. Portal placement is critical in anchor insertion and knot typing. Arthroscopic reconstruction is only as successful as the healing that occurs. Athletes involved in contact sports and immature athletes are at high risk for recurrence of injury. Patients with large Hills-Sachs lesions and glenoid rim fractures are also at increased risk. To achieve successful results, the surgeon must pay strict attention to detail, technique, and patient selection. Arthroscopic reconstruction for traumatic instability in athletes is demanding but rewarding. Each athlete should be carefully evaluated for pathology, and functional demands, and expectations and treatment should be individualized.
Automatic optimization of communication in compiling out-of-core stencil codes

Codes Rajesh Bordawekar Alok Choudhary ECE Dept., 121, Link Hall, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 frajesh, choudharg@cat.syr.edu J. Ramanujam ECE. Dept., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 jxr@gate.ee.lsu.edu Abstract In this paper, we describe a technique for optimizing communication for out-of-core distributed memory stencil problems. In these problems, communication may require both inter-processor communication and le I/O. We show that in certain cases, extra le I/O incurred in communication can be completely eliminated by reordering in-core computations. The in-core computation pattern is decided by: (1) how the out-of-core data distributed into in-core slabs (tiling) and (2) how the slabs are accessed. We show that a compiler using the stencil and processor information can choose the tiling parameters and schedule the tile accesses so that the extra le I/O is eliminated and overall performance is improved.
Free convection in thermally stratified water cooled from above

Abstract The thermal and fluid kinetics of the convective layer during cooling from the free surface of a thermally stratified water by convection, latent energy transport, and radiation is studied. Laboratory experiments were performed and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to measure the unsteady temperature distribution in a test cell filled with water which was previously stratified. A simple mathematical model based on a thermal energy balance is developed to predict the thickness and the mean temperature of the layer. The model predictions agreed to within 10% with the data from controlled laboratory experiments. It was found that the numerical solution to the model equations agree better with the experimental data than those based on the closed form analytical solution using the constant average surface heat flux. It was determined that the surface boundary condition and the internal physical processes of mixing and entrainment must be better understood in order to model the dynamics of the mixed layer in natural waterbodies.
Corticofugal modulation of time-domain processing of biosonar information in bats

The Jamaican mustached bat has delay-tuned neurons in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex. The responses of these neurons to an echo are facilitated by a biosonar pulse emitted by the bat when the echo returns with a particular delay from a target located at a particular distance. Electrical stimulation of cortical delay-tuned neurons increases the delay-tuned responses of collicular neurons tuned to the same echo delay as the cortical neurons and decreases those of collicular neurons tuned to different echo delays. Cortical neurons improve information processing in the inferior colliculus by way of the corticocollicular projection.
TOWARD A PSYCHOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE: VI. THE SUBLIME, THE MYSTICAL, AND THE INNER CREATIVE

St~nznzary.-The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to contribute to a psychology of the Sublime, an important concept in the history of aesthetics, ( 2 ) to relate the Sublime to the kind of psychology today called "existential" and/or "humanistic," and ( 3 ) to unfold further the Rorschach framework of interpretation, particularly in regard to its limlu The first of the paper's two main sections shows that most of Samuel Monk's basis for distinguishing Wordsworth from the "Blue Stockings and picruresque travelers" of late 18th century England is irrelevant to the framework. In so doing, it interprets the Sublime in terms of mystical-including psychedelic-experience. The other main section suggests the relevance of the foregoing to Viktor Frankl's "logotherapy," and Abraham Maslow's "self-actualization," "peak-experience," and "Being-cognition." A third section refers to Eric Hoffer's "true believer." In sum, the paper associates all these individuals and/or concepts with each other and with what Rorschach meant by the capacity for inner creation.
On dissolution of a spherical gas bubble in the presence of fast reaction

We consider the process of dissolution of a stationary spherical gas bubble immersed in a liquid in the presence of a fast reaction outside the bubble. We discuss an appropriate choice of boundary conditions for this problem in the case when the characteristic time of reaction is much faster than the characteristic time of any other mass transfer process involved. Asymptotic analysis of the problem is done using the boundary function method.
Analysis of the Transcriptome of Group A Streptococcus in Mouse Soft Tissue Infection

Molecular mechanisms mediating group A Streptococcus (GAS)-host interactions remain poorly understood but are crucial for diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine development. An optimized high-density microarray was used to analyze the transcriptome of GAS during experimental mouse soft tissue infection. The transcriptome of a wild-type serotype M1 GAS strain and an isogenic transcriptional regulator knockout mutant (covR) also were compared. Array datasets were verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ immunohistochemistry. The results unambiguously demonstrate that coordinated expression of proven and putative GAS virulence factors is directed toward overwhelming innate host defenses leading to severe cellular damage. We also identified adaptive metabolic responses triggered by nutrient signals and hypoxic/acidic conditions in the host, likely facilitating pathogen persistence and proliferation in soft tissues. Key discoveries included that oxidative stress genes, virulence genes, genes related to amino acid and maltodextrin utilization, and several two-component transcriptional regulators were highly expressed in vivo. This study is the first global analysis of the GAS transcriptome during invasive infection. Coupled with parallel analysis of the covR mutant strain, novel insights have been made into the regulation of GAS virulence in vivo, resulting in new avenues for targeted therapeutic and vaccine research.
Evidence for covalent DNA adduction by ochratoxin A following chronic exposure to rat and subacute exposure to pig.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin that is a potent renal carcinogen in male rats and is suspected of being the etiological agent of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and its associated u...
Changes in postmenopausal hormone therapy use since 1988.

Postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) use among American women over recent decades peaked in the 1999 to 2002 period (Brett & Madans, 1997; Hersh, Stefanick, & Stafford, 2004). The increase before 2002 was promoted by a position statement of the American College of Physicians issued in 1992 that almost all postmenopausal women be offered hormone therapy (American College of Physicians, 1992). This recommendation was based on evidence that suggested that HT not only reduced menopausal symptoms, but also had a potentially protective effect against bone loss and cardiovascular disease (American College of Physicians, 1992). Unless women knew themselves to be at increased risk for breast cancer, HT was generally recommended. However, more recent results from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trial indicate no protective effect of hormone use on cardiovascular disease, and have even suggested an adverse effect (Rossouw et al., 2002). These results, published in July of 2002, resulted in a change in the recommendations for use of HT at the beginning of 2003. The revised guidelines indicated that short-term postmenopausal HT use was appropriate among postmenopausal women seeking to relieve menopausal symptoms and recommended the discontinuation of HT for women using HT for disease prevention (North American Menopause Society, 2003a, 2003b, 2004).
A 32dBm power amplifier for WiMAX applications in 90nm CMOS

A compact 90nm CMOS power amplifier with integrated transformer/BALUN matching network, for 2.32.7GHz WiMAX (802.16e) band applications, is demonstrated. The PA gain and saturated power are +18dB and +32dBm, respectively, working from a 3.3V supply, with a peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 48%. A memory-less Digital Pre Distortion (DPD) technique is used to enhance the PA linearity. The measured EVM for a 64-QAM OFDM signal is improved from −24dB to −30dB at +25dBm output power. Compliance with the 802.16e standard 10MHz WiMAX mask and FCC regulations is demonstrated at +25dBm of output power with power efficiency of ~25%, and with a measured second harmonic level of −31[dBm/MHz].
Modelling micro-habitat temperature for Dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: scolytidae)

We evaluate two landscape-scale microhabitat temperature prediction models suitable for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (coleoptera: scolytidae). Both models are based on maximum and minimum air temperatures measured at meteorological stations. The first, ‘lapse’ model employs temperature observations for a single nearby weather station, adjusting maximum and minimum temperatures based on elevation differences and appropriate historical vertical lapse rates. The second, ‘geographic trend surface’ model is based on the locations, elevations, and daily temperature measurements of surrounding weather stations. Predicted air temperatures are adjusted with a radiance-based exposure index to estimate sub-cortical phloem temperatures. Model parameters were estimated using original field measurements at three sites, and using 25 years of regional temperature measurements for sites in the western United States. Stand air temperature and phloem predictions were validated in comparisons with four withheld weather stations, and against one year of independently measured temperatures from four forest stands. Mean errors (observed minus predicted) of daily maximum stand air temperature ranged from −3.9 to 1.5°C, while mean prediction errors for daily minimum air temperatures ranged from −6.3 to 1.7°C. The geographic trend surface model performed slightly better across a range of sites, both for maximum and minimum air temperatures. Phloem temperature predictions were generally more variable, particularly for maximum temperatures on south sides of trees. Standard deviations in prediction errors were generally lower for minimum temperatures and did not differ by model form or tree exposures.
Boson expansions based on the random phase approximation representation

A new boson expansion theory based on the random phase approximation is presented. The boson expansions are derived here directly in the random phase approximation representation with the help of a technique that combines the use of the Usui operator with that of a new bosonization procedure, called the term-by-term bosonization method. The present boson expansion theory is constructed by retaining a single collective quadrupole random phase approximation component, a truncation that allows for a perturbative treatment of the whole problem. Both Hermitian, as well as non-Hermitian boson expansions, valid for even nuclei, are obtained.
Permanent triggered antitachycardia pacemakers in the management of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia

Permanent pacemakers capable of triggered ventricular stimulation were implanted in 28 patients with a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation was performed on 125 occasions during follow-up periods ranging from 1 to 25 months and was used to assess the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, drug or dosage changes and left ventricular endocardial resection. Drug or dosage changes based on noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation were made in 19 of the 28 patients. In addition, 126 episodes of spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia were terminated noninvasively in nine patients. It is concluded that a permanent pacemaker capable of triggered ventricular stimulation is useful in patients with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation that is difficult to control.
Binding to F-actin guides cadherin cluster assembly, stability, and movement

The cadherin extracellular region produces intercellular adhesion clusters through trans- and cis-intercadherin bonds, and the intracellular region connects these clusters to the cytoskeleton. To elucidate the interdependence of these binding events, cadherin adhesion was reconstructed from the minimal number of structural elements. F-actin–uncoupled adhesive clusters displayed high instability and random motion. Their assembly required a cadherin cis-binding interface. Coupling these clusters with F-actin through an α-catenin actin-binding domain (αABD) dramatically extended cluster lifetime and conferred direction to cluster motility. In addition, αABD partially lifted the requirement for the cis-interface for cluster assembly. Even more dramatic enhancement of cadherin clustering was observed if αABD was joined with cadherin through a flexible linker or if it was replaced with an actin-binding domain of utrophin. These data present direct evidence that binding to F-actin stabilizes cadherin clusters and cooperates with the cis-interface in cadherin clustering. Such cooperation apparently synchronizes extracellular and intracellular binding events in the process of adherens junction assembly.
Fluorescence Determination Of The Atmospheric Pollutant, NO2

A new atmospheric NO2 monitor with a detectability of O. 6 ppbv is described. A compact He-Cd 10 mIN 442nm laser excites the NO2 molecules and the resultant fluorescence was monitored by photon counting over an 80 sec integration time. The high sensitivity was achieved by development of an optimal NO2 fluorescence bandpass liquid solution filter which did not fluoresce upon absorption of scattered laser light.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Abstract 2489: Proteomic profiling identifies PI3K and DNA repair pathways as potential markers of response to PARP inhibitor BMN673 in SCLC.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy that accounts for 13% of lung cancers in the US and has a 5-year survival rate Methods: Sensitivity of SCLC lines to BMN673 and cisplatin was determined by CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay. Total and phospho-protein expression of 200 markers was measured at baseline and following drug treatment in SCLC cell lines by reverse phase protein array (RPPA). Correlations between baseline protein expression and drug sensitivity were determined by Spearman rank correlation. Modulation of protein expression post treatment was assessed by ANOVA. Results: The novel PARP inhibitor BMN673 had potent in vitro activity in a panel of 12 SCLC cell lines with IC 50 ’s ranging from 1.7-15nM. A higher expression level of several DNA repair proteins was associated with greater BMN673 sensitivity. For example, protein expression levels of ERCC1, DNA PKcs, ATM, FANCD2, and pChk2 were inversely correlated with IC 50 values (Rho values -0.93 to -0.81; p≤0.02). In contrast, high baseline expression of phosphorylated Akt (T308) (R=0.91, p=0.005) and pAkt (S473) (R=0.81, p=0.02) were associated with decreased sensitivity to BMN673. We also observed increased phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt, and S6 (p Conclusions: Here we demonstrate significant, single-agent in vitro activity of the PARP inhibitor BMN673 in SCLC and potential predictive markers of response. Interestingly, for the first time we show an inverse correlation between PARP inhibitor sensitivity and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation. This observation parallels recent data suggesting that PI3K inhibition may sensitize breast cancer to PARP inhibition and suggests a potential coordinated regulation between DNA repair and PI3K pathways. The activity of BMN673 and these candidate response biomarkers will be further investigated in a Phase I cohort expansion of BMN673 in patients with SCLC. Citation Format: Robert J. Cardnell, Ying Feng, Lixia Diao, You Hong Fan, Jing Wang, Yuqiao Shin, John D. Minna, John V. Heymach, Lauren A. Byers. Proteomic profiling identifies PI3K and DNA repair pathways as potential markers of response to PARP inhibitor BMN673 in SCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2489. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2489
Modelling of Piezoelectric Actuator Dynamics for Active Structural Control

The paper models the effects of dynamic coupling between a structure and an electrical network through the piezoelectric effect. The coupled equations of motion of an arbitrary elastic structure with piezoelectric elements and passive electronics are derived. State space models are developed for three important cases: direct voltage driven electrodes, direct charge driven electrodes, and an indirect drive case where the piezoelec tric electrodes are connected to an arbitrary electrical circuit with embedded voltage and current sources. The equations are applied to the case of a cantilevered beam with surface mounted piezoceramics and indirect voltage and current drive. The theoretical derivations are validated experimentally on an actively controlled cantilevered beam test article with indirect voltage drive.
A preliminary report on thirty-five geometric total knee arthroplasties.

This paper reviews the first 35 cases of geometric total knee arthroplasties performed on 32 patients at The George Washington University Medical Center. The procedure was done in 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 5 patients with osteoartritis, and 2 patients with traumatic arthritis. Ages ranged from 38–83 years with an average of 58 years. This is a short-term follow-up with the longest of one year duration and the shortest two months. Fourteen patients had previous knee surgery including one that had three previous procedures. Indications and contraindications are outlined and the surgical procedure is described with an effort to point out certain technique problems. Twenty patients had complete relief of pain, ten had slight pain with activity. One has severe patellofemoral pain on weight-bearing and one has constant pain. Twenty patients had varying degrees of instability prior to surgery and none following the procedure and a 50° valgus deformity has been corrected satisfactorily. It was observed that patients with restricted motion and pain gained significant motion and pain relief while those with good motion and pain gained less overall and in some instances lost. Peroneal nerve palsies, patellar tendon avulsions, and wound complications are presented. We feel on the basis of this limited experience that this total knee system offers to the patient in need of a salvage procedure a stable, essentially pain-free knee that has increased mobility and function.
A prominent role for intrinsic neuronal properties in temporal coding.

A recent report presents evidence that the exact timing of action potential output in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons is similarly modulated during several diverse forms of behavior. These data suggest that it is, to a large degree, the intrinsic properties of the neurons themselves that produce this temporal coding of information. Thus, this report provides an outstanding example of the importance of single neuronal properties, even during complex behaviors.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of digermyl ether.

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of digermyl ether in C2v symmetry are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion (GeH stretch, GeO stretch, GeOGe bend, HGeH bend, GeH3 wag, and GeH3 twist) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Predicted infrared and Raman intensities are reported.
Opportunistic mechanisms for IEEE 802.11 networks using directional antennas

Directional antennas have been introduced to improve the performance of 802.11 based wireless networks. Station equipped with directional antennas can beamform data in a specific direction. However, IEEE 802.11 is developed with omni-directional antennas in mind. Thus, deploying IEEE 802.11 in a directional antenna environment leads stations to be conservative in blocking their own transmissions in favor of the ongoing transmissions. In this paper we design and evaluate two opportunistic enhancements for the IEEE 802.11 networks using directional antennas. The first enhancement is to augment the 802.11 MAC protocol with additional information (i.e., location of the stations) that gives a node the flexibility to transmit data while there are ongoing transmissions in its vicinity. The second enhancement, using the augmented MAC protocol, alters the way the 802.11 accessing its MAC data queue. Simulation shows improvement in network throughput up to 40% in case of applying the first enhancement, and up to 60% in case of applying the second enhancement.
Shaped magnetic field pulses by multi-coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) differentially modulate anterior cingulate cortex responses and pain in volunteers and fibromyalgia patients

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise in the alleviation of acute and chronic pain by altering the activity of cortical areas involved in pain sensation. However, current single-coil rTMS technology only allows for effects in surface cortical structures. The ability to affect activity in certain deep brain structures may however, allow for a better efficacy, safety, and tolerability. This study used PET imaging to determine whether a novel multi-coil rTMS would allow for preferential targeting of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), an area always activated with pain, and to provide preliminary evidence as to whether this targeted approach would allow for efficacious, safe, and tolerable analgesia both in a volunteer/acute pain model as well as in fibromyalgia chronic pain patients. Methods: Part 1: Different coil configurations were tested in a placebo-controlled crossover design in volunteers (N=16). Tonic pain was induced using a capsaicin/thermal pain model and functional brain imaging was performed by means of H2 O positron emission tomography – computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. Differences in NRS pain ratings between TMS and sham treatment (NRSTMS-NRSplacebo) which were recorded each minute during the 10 minute PET scans. Part 2: 16 fibromyalgia patients were subjected to 20 multi-coil rTMS treatments over 4 weeks and effects on standard pain scales (Brief Pain Inventory, item 5, i.e. average pain NRS over the last 24 hours) were recorded. Results: A single 30 minute session using one of 3 tested rTMS coil configurations operated at 1 Hz consistently produced robust reduction (mean 70% on NRS scale) in evoked pain in volunteers. In fibromyalgia patients, the 20 rTMS sessions also produced a significant pain inhibition (43% reduction in NRS pain over last 24 hours), but only when operated at 10 Hz. This degree of pain control was maintained for at least 4 weeks after the final session. Conclusion: Multi-coil rTMS may be a safe and effective treatment option for acute as well as for chronic pain, such as that accompanying fibromyalgia. Further studies are necessary to optimize configurations and settings as well as to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the long-lasting pain control produced by these treatments.