cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF FRUCTOSE DIPHOSPHATE ACTIVATION OF PYRUVATE KINASE ON GLYCOLYTIC OSCILLATIONS IN BEEF HEART SUPERNATANT: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION STUDY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the simulation of oscillating glycolysis in a beef heart supernatant fraction, and shows how simulation can be used to clarify control mechanisms. The effect of activation of pyruvate kinase by fructose-l,6-diphosphate (FDP) was simulated and verified experimentally. This activation was found to be similar in the glycolyzing system and the isolated enzyme. Deaminodiphosphopyridine nucleotide oscillations have been observed to take place in a concentrated supernatant fraction prepared from beef heart and supplemented with a source of glucose-6-phosphate. At higher, more physiological pH, the same preparation shows active glycolysis but does not oscillate. Straight-forward examination of the experimental data obtained, including concentrations as a function of time for all readily measurable glycolytic intermediates, indicates that oscillations are because of the variations in activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK) under the influence of the adenine nucleotides and perhaps FDP; this is compatible with the properties of the PFK isolated from preparations.
Development of herpes simplex virus replication-defective multigene vectors for combination gene therapy applications

Some gene therapy applications will require simultaneous expression of multiple gene products to achieve a therapeutic effect. In this study we describe the generation and characterization of replication incompetent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors (HX86Z or HX86G) carrying distinct and independently regulated expression cassettes for five transgenes (hIL-2, hGM-CSF, hB7.1, HSV-tk and lacZ or hIFN gamma). The transgenes, representing 12 kb of DNA sequence, were recombined into separate loci of a single mutant virus vector deleted for 11.6 kb of vector sequences representing portions of nine viral genes, ICP4, ICP22, ICP27, ICP47, UL24, UL41, UL44, US10 and US11. Deletion of the immediate--early genes ICP4, ICP22 and ICP27 substantially reduced vector cytotoxicity, prevented early and late viral gene expression and left intact MHC class I antigen expression. Simultaneous expression of multiple transgenes was obtained for up to 7 days in primary human melanoma cells with peak expression at 2-3 days after infection. The transgenes were chosen for their potential to function synergistically in tumor destruction and vaccine gene therapy applications, but the method and vector employed could be applied to other multigene therapy strategies. This study demonstrates the potential for engineering large transgene capacity DNA viruses such as HSV-1 for expression of multiple transgenes.
Recent Innovations in Dual-Axis Confocal (DAC) Microscopy for Clinical Applications

Techniques to improve the imaging speed and contrast of DAC microscopes will be introduced, including line-scanned, sheet-scanned, and modulated-alignment dual-axis confocal microscopy. A clinical handheld system, currently under development, will also be described. Article not available.
Flight Patterns of Simulium Jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Central Pennsylvania, Usa

Flight data gathered from suction trap (1982) and airplane (1981 and 1982) collections are presented for Simulium jenningsi , one of Pennsylvania's most noxious pests. In central Pennsylvania, the seasonal flight peak occurred in mid-July; the hourly flight peak came between 1800 and 1900 h. The number of females captured was highly correlated with maximum daily temperature. Virtually all females ( n = 374) were inseminated, but fewer than 1% carried mature eggs. A 99.2% reduction in trap catches occurred between 2.1 and 7.6 m, and only 4 females were collected in 100 airplane flights. These data indicate that most flights of S. jenningsi occur within the boundary layer.
The Quantum World of a Rydberg Electron in Atoms and Exotic Molecules

This talk will present several exciting nuggets from the last half-century of progress in our understanding of Rydberg electron physics in atoms and small molecules. Some key elements of this deepened understanding have emerged from experiments that were understood through the multichannel quantum defect theory developed by Seaton, Fano, Jungen and their collaborators. That powerful combination has enabled spectra of remarkable complexity and richness to be quantitatively understood and qualitatively interpreted using this framework. Another aspect of Rydberg physics connects with Enrico Fermi's treatment of the interaction between a slow electron and a distant ground state atom, which has been predicted to generate a new chemical bonding mechanism that can bind an exotic long range diatomic or triatomic molecule whose internuclear distances can be as large as a small virus. The production of this class of exotic, weakly-bound Rydberg molecules has been demonstrated in a remarkable series of experiments in the last few years. Article not available.
Feather Phaeomelanin Intensity in Buff Orpington, New Hampshire and Rhode Island Red Breeds of Fowl 1. Age, Sex and Feather Growth Effects

Abstract RED and buff feathers are commonly found among the many varieties and breeds of domesticated poultry. The pigments producing the range of buff-red colored feathers were first called phaeomelanins by Gornitz (1923), thus separating them from the black or eumelanin pigment. Areas of the plumage devoid of eumelanin may either contain phaeomelanin or be white due to the absence of visible amounts of pigment. The latter alternative in columbian or wild type patterns is referred to as silver and was shown by Sturtevant (1912), Davenport (1912) and Dunn (1922 and Dunn (1923) to be controlled by a single pair of sex-linked alleles, silver (S) and gold (s+). All breeds charaterized by the presence of phaeomelanin appear to be homozygous for the s+ gene. Feather phaeomelanins are deposited in the keratinous structure of the feather in the form of spherical and oval granules (Lloyd-Jones, 1915; Jeffrey, 1934; Bohren et al., 1943; and…
UAV Performance Rating Scale Based on the Cooper-Harper Piloted Rating Scale ∗

A modified version of the Cooper–Harper Piloted Rating Scale is presented for use in UAV evaluation. This modified scale goes beyond simple evaluation of the air vehicle in flight. The modified scale takes into account the integrated air vehicle and sensor package in order to evaluate the integrated system’s mission effectiveness. This scale borrows from the Cooper–Harper scale in order to leverage its wide scale use in piloted aircraft.
A Geometric Control Approach for the Longitudinal Flight Stability of Hovering Insects/FWMAVs

Flapping flight dynamics constitutes a multi-body, nonlinear, time-varying system. The two major simplifying assumptions in the analysis of flapping flight stability are neglecting the wing inertial effects and averaging the dynamics over the flapping cycle. The challenges resulting from relaxing these assumptions naturally invoke the geometric control theory as an appropriate analysis tool. In this work, the full equations of motion governing the longitudinal flapping flight dynamics near hover are considered and represented in a geometric control framework. Then, combining tools from geometric control theory and averaging, the full dynamic stability of hovering insects is assessed.
The Burger Court and Younger Abstention: Enhancing the Role of State Courts in Constitutional Adjudication

An important determinant of federal balance is the degree of state court authority to decide federal constitutional issues. This study traces the development of the Younger abstention doctrine, one of the primary vehicles by which the Burger Court restricted federal court jurisdiction and enhanced the authority of state courts in constitutional adjudication. The Younger doctrine was adopted by the Supreme Court in 1971 for reasons of comity and equitable restraint. Throughout the Burger Court years, Younger was expanded from an initial denial of jurisdiction to litigants seeking injunctive relief in state criminal proceedings, to litigants in cases "akin" to criminal proceedings, and then to litigants in cases "important to state interests. " By relying on Younger abstention, the Burger Court has reduced the role of the federal courts as the primary enforcement of U.S. constitutional rights.
Revenue Strategy on the Gold Coast: The Case of Stamford, Connecticut

This study investigates the effects offederalpolicy and budget changes during the Reagan years as well as the revenue strategies of governmental and private, nonprofit agencies in Stamford, Connecticut. Systematic examination of agency budgets and interviews with agency directors in 1982 found widespread anxiety about possible revenue decline, but few departures from traditional revenue strategies. In Stamford, federal changes produced revenue problems for only a few agencies, most of which went about "business as usual" and did not experience a budget crisis. This situation remained unchanged in late 1985.
Community forestry and sustainability research at The New York Botanical Garden

Research focused on community forestry and the sustainable use of tropical forest resources has been conducted at The New York Botanical Garden for over 30 years. Five of the projects are located in the Neotropics, six are in Southeast Asia, and three are in Tropical Africa; project sites include some of the largest remaining areas of tropical forest in the world, e.g. Amazonia, Borneo, northern Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea. All of the projects have had a training component, several have incorporated both training and the collection of baseline data, and much of the recent work has included training, baseline data collection, and community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). The CBNRM initiatives at NYBG are unique because (1) they are based on quantitative inventory and growth data, (2) they are conducted in intact forests as a conservation incentive, and (3) the data collection, management planning, and monitoring activities are conducted by the villagers themselves. Although a variety of different ecological, economic, and social factors can influence the success of a community forestry project, one of the major lessons learned from the NYBG interventions is that management programs specifically tailored to a given community and forest based on a preliminary assessment of the actual supply and demand of forest resources are most effective.
CLS investigation: exploiting the forensics craze II.

1. Diane L Davis, PhD CLS(NCA)[⇑][1] 1. is Associate Professor, Salisbury University, Salisbury MD 1. Address for correspondence: Diane L Davis PhD CLS(NCA), Associate Professor, Clinical Laboratory Science Program, Health Sciences Department, Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury MD 21801 (410) 548-4787, (410) 548-9185 (fax). dldavis{at}salisbury.edu. There are similarities between clinical laboratory science (CLS) and forensic laboratory science that educators can exploit for recruitment and public relations activities. Many CLS techniques are also used in forensics and some relatively simple forensics techniques can be brought into the CLS laboratory for a cohesive laboratory experience that simultaneously exposes interested students to both fields. Recruitment into the clinical laboratory science (CLS) field has been challenging for at least the last two decades, but the recent popularity of crime investigation television shows has sparked interest in science and laboratory work. Students are often dazzled by the idea of solving crimes without any real sense of the division of labor for criminal investigation, the nature of real laboratory work, the education required, or the job market, including salaries. CLS educators have a unique opportunity to introduce realism into students’ career choices and to discuss CLS as a viable career choice. THE TRUTH ABOUT FORENSICS Television shows often depict characters who show up at crime scenes to gather evidence, interview suspects, and then head to the laboratory to do all the analyses. Students therefore have a poor sense of the compartmentalization that occurs in the real world. Sworn police officers who carry weapons typically do the interviewing and investigation. Specialized crime scene technicians arrive at the scene to gather and label evidence. Many forensic scientists who are the ones who actually do the various analyses rarely work outside the laboratory. Further, these scientists are typically highly specialized, doing only toxicology or… ABBREVIATIONS: AAFS = American Academy of Forensic Science; CLS = clinical laboratory science; CODIS = combined DNA index system; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphisms; STR = short tandem repeats; VNTR = variable numbers of tandem repeats. [1]: #corresp-1
Twentieth-Century Feydeau: End of a Belle Epoque

Never a prolific writer, for the next few years Feydeau wrote only a few short plays and monologues. In 1899, however, he dazzled not only Paris, but all of Europe, with his most brilliantly constructed and frivolously wild play, La Dame de chez Maxim. If Le Dindon proved beyond a doubt that Feydeau was capable of creating characters and manners on his own, La Dame de chez Maxim showed he needed no help in concocting the most prodigiously baroque plots ever devised. When visitors came to the International Exposition of Paris in 1900 they came to see La Dame de chez Maxim as much as the Exposition itself.
Where You Stand Is What You See: We See a Need for More Primary Care Research Funding.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding allocations are out. Family Medicine has been successful. Between 2002 and 2006, departments of family medicine received only 0.20% of all NIH grant dollars—just 170 grants, for a total of $57 million. However, just a decade later, between 2011
Probabilistic Atlas of the Human Hippocampus Combining Ex Vivo MRI and Histology

The human hippocampus is a complex structure consisting of multiple anatomically and functionally distinct subfields. Obtaining subfield-specific measures from in vivo MRI is challenging, and can benefit from a detailed 3D anatomical reference. This paper builds a computational atlas of the hippocampus from high-resolution ex vivo MRI of 26 specimens using groupwise deformable registration. A surface-based approach based on the explicit segmentation and geometric modeling of hippocampal layers is used to initialize deformable registration of ex vivo MRI scans. This initialization improves of groupwise registration quality, as measured in terms of similarity metrics and qualitatively. The resulting atlas, which also includes annotations mapped from histology, is a unique resource for describing variability in hippocampal anatomy.
Collaborating to Support International-Student Writers

Picciotto and Bauer discuss collaborations between academic and non-academic units at a large public university experiencing rapid growth in its population of international undergraduates. Focusing specifically on the writing component of a summer transition program for first-year international students, the authors discuss efforts to bridge the gap between academic affairs and student affairs in order to effectively introduce students to the conventions of American academic discourse. Picciotto and Bauer detail the successes that emerged as a result of cross-campus collaborations; they demonstrate that such collaborations, while sometimes challenging, can promote intellectual growth of students as well as of the collaborators themselves. However, they also point to the need for meaningful institutional commitment in order to sustain the positive effects of collaboration in the long term.
Geometric Control of Quadrotor UAVs Transporting a Cable-Suspended Rigid Body

This paper is focused on tracking control for a rigid body payload that is connected to an arbitrary number of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles via rigid links. An intrinsic form of the equations of motion is derived on the nonlinear configuration manifold, and a geometric controller is constructed such that the payload asymptotically follows a given desired trajectory for its position and attitude in the presence of uncertainties. The unique feature is that the coupled dynamics between the rigid body payload, links, and quadrotors are explicitly incorporated into control system design and stability analysis. These are developed in a coordinate-free fashion to avoid singularities and complexities that are associated with local parameterizations. The desirable features of the proposed control system are illustrated by a numerical example.
High-resolution regional-coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation of the Indian Summer Monsoon

A 23-year integration of a Regional-Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model (RCOAM) centred over the Indian monsoon region is validated with observations and analysis for its seasonal climatology, evolution, and variability at intraseasonal and interannual scales. The RCOAM has the Regional Spectral Model (RSM) as its atmospheric component and Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) as its oceanic component. They are both coupled at 15 km grid spacing with identical grids, without applying any form of flux correction and are forced with global fields of atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis. The verification indicates that the RCOAM simulation simulates the mean Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall climatology and SST in the neighbouring oceans reasonably well with finer details apparent along the orography (e.g. Western Ghats, Himalaya) and along the upwelling regions of the coastal oceans. In addition the evolution of the ISM at its onset and its devolution around the time of demise in the RCOAM simulation both in the atmosphere and the ocean conform to its well known features and reinforce the coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomenon of the ISM. The intraseasonal variations in the RCOAM simulation also adhere to the observed composite of dry and wet spells of the ISM, with the low-level flow in the latter (former) counteracting (enhancing) the low-level atmospheric ISM climatological flow. The interannual variations in relation to the remote ENSO variations are also validated with respect to the observations. It is also shown that the variations of the length of the ISM to the seasonal anomalies of the ISM both in the RCOAM simulation and observations is largely a result of the ENSO teleconnection. However, significant systematic bias in surface fluxes, cloud fraction, SST, and precipitation of the RCOAM simulation of the ISM is also noted.
Environmental Enrichment in the 21st Century

More than a quarter of a century has elapsed since the Animal Welfare Act mandated that research facilities develop and follow a plan to promote the psychological well-being of captive primates. Since passage of this law, considerable effort and resources have been directed to designing environmental enrichment strategies in an effort to improve animal welfare. These plans typically consist of environmental enrichment and socialization efforts. While environmental enhancement has undergone a great deal of improvement in the past 25 years, it should be viewed as a continual work in progress, which takes advantage of emergent and future technologies. In this review, we discuss the objectives of the environmental enhancement plan along with relevant outcome measures, as well as ongoing challenges, costs, and benefits. We then review various enrichment strategies and assess their efficacy in meeting goals and objectives. Finally, we look forward to consider what the future might hold for environmental enrichment of nonhuman primates used in research.
Sporadic model predictive control using Lebesgue approximation

In computer-controlled systems model predictive control (MPC) algorithms are often implemented in a discrete-time way. It implies that both the sampling/computation instants and the model used in the optimal control problem must be discrete-time. This paper presented such a completely discrete-time MPC algorithm for continuous-time nonlinear systems. In this algorithm the sampling instants are triggered by a self-triggered scheme and the model is discretized in an aperiodic manner using Lebesgue approximation. Sufficient conditions are developed on feasibility and stability of the resulting closed-loop systems. Based on these conditions, we design the parameters used in the Lebesgue approximation MPC (LAMPC) in which case Zeno behavior can be avoided.
Border Lives: Fronterizos, Transnational Migrants, and Commuters in Tijuana, Sergio Chávez, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2016), 203 pp, ISBN: 9780199380589

The U.S.-Mexico border is the most crossed border in the world, and of all the entry points along its length, the most frequented are in the Tijuana-San Diego region. In Border Lives: Fronterizos, ...
Detection and Quantification of Graphene-Family Nanomaterials in the Environment.

An increase in production of commercial products containing graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) has led to concern over their release into the environment. The fate and potential ecotoxicological effects of GFNs in the environment are currently unclear, partially due to the limited analytical methods for GFN measurements. In this review, the unique properties of GFNs that are useful for their detection and quantification are discussed. The capacity of several classes of techniques to identify and/or quantify GFNs in different environmental matrices (water, soil, sediment, and organisms), after environmental transformations, and after release from a polymer matrix of a product is evaluated. Extraction and strategies to combine methods for more accurate discrimination of GFNs from environmental interferences as well as from other carbonaceous nanomaterials are recommended. Overall, a comprehensive review of the techniques available to detect and quantify GFNs are systematically presented to inform the stat...
Bystander programs addressing sexual violence on college campuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of program outcomes and delivery methods.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of bystander programs that address sexual violence on college campuses. Program effects on student attitudes/beliefs...
Improving aging performance of electrodeposited copper coatings during pool boiling

Abstract The work presented in this paper focuses on the pool boiling performance and durability of the porous copper surface coatings generated through a multi-step electrodeposition process with controlled process parameters. Despite the simplicity, reliability and cost effectiveness of the electrodeposition process, the resultant coatings have limited applications in industrial pool boiling equipment due to weak bond strength between the coatings and the substrate. A new multi-step electrodeposition technique is presented that involves repetitive coating steps with a high current density for a short duration (deposition mode) followed by a low current density for a longer duration (bond strengthening mode). It results in a stronger bond compared to the single-step or recent two-step electrodeposition techniques. This alternate deposition and bond-strengthening mode is responsible for the formation of sustainable coatings with hierarchical pores that serve as nucleation sites of widely varying pore diameters, and enhance the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF) by increasing bubble activity in these connected pores. A six-step electrodeposited surface was chosen to validate the hypothesis by studying (i) repetitive pool boiling performance of boiling water at one atmospheric pressure, and (ii) surface deterioration of the coatings. Further refinements in the electrodeposition process parameters are recommended in future studies for long-term durability of electrodeposited coatings under pool boiling in commercial applications.
Delineation and Classification of Urban Neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana, from Quickbird Imagery: Manual vs. Semi-automated Approaches

Neighborhood is a term that, though part of the common vernacular, has varied and sometimes-conflicting definitions (Sampson et al. 2002; Talen 1999). Neighborhoods are commonly understood to be defined spatial units within a city, but as is discussed in other chapters within this volume, neighborhoods are social constructs for which definitions in physical space vary among inhabitants and observers. The research relating to neighborhoods described in this book was conducted with two related objectives: (1) understanding the social interaction and transfer of knowledge relating to health outcomes within neighborhoods and (2) delineation of spatial units for which health, socio-economic, and environmental data can be summarized to support statistical analyses. The research described in this chapter relates to the second of these two objectives and, therefore, considers a ‘neighborhood’ to be a definable spatial unit that may or may not contain residents who share a common identity or behaviors. Specifically, it seeks to test the feasibility of defining spatial units (i.e., neighborhoods) of relatively homogeneous health outcomes and, as a proxy, socio-economic conditions from satellite image data. This objective was achieved by assessing (1) methods for the delineation of neighborhoods from satellite image data and (2) the relationship between satellite remote sensing derived land surface properties and factors affecting health outcomes.
Interaction of sickle erythrocytes with endothelial cells in the presence of endothelial cell conditioned medium induces oxidant stress leading to transendothelial migration of monocytes

The abnormal adherence of sickle red blood cells (SS RBC) to endothelial cells has been thought to contribute to vascular occlusion, a major cause of morbidity in sickle cell disease (SCD). We determined whether the interaction of SS RBC with cultured endothelial cells induced cellular oxidant stress that would culminate in expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) involved in the adhesion and diapedesis of monocytes and the adherence of SS reticulocytes. We showed that the interaction of SS RBC at 2% concentration in the presence of multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWf), derived from endothelial cell-derived conditioned medium (E-CM) with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), resulted in a fivefold increased formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, both indicators of cellular oxidant stress. Normal RBC show none of these phenomena. The oxidant stress-induced signaling resulted in an increased surface expression of a subset of CAMs, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 in HUVEC. The addition of oxygen radical scavenger enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase) and antioxidant (probucol) inhibited these events. Additionally, preincubation of HUVEC with a synthetic peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) that prevents vWf-mediated adhesion of SS RBC reduced the surface expression of VCAM-1 and NF-kB activation. Furthermore, SS RBC-induced oxidant stress resulted in a twofold increase in the transendothelial migration of both monocyte-like HL-60 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes, and approximately a sixfold increase in platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) phosphorylation, each of which was blocked by protein kinase C inhibitor and antioxidants. These results suggest that the adherence/contact of SS RBC to endothelial cells in large vessel can generate enhanced oxidant stress leading to increased adhesion and diapedesis of monocytes, as well as heightened adherence of SS reticulocytes, indicating that injury/activation of endothelium can contribute to vaso-occlusion in SCD.
Conclusions and Implications for Professional Psychology Education, Practice, and Research

Conclusions regarding the two critical questions addressed earlier in the book are revisited in light of the issues reviewed in the intervening chapters. It is concluded that, first, professional psychology is now ready to take a health care orientation to professional practice that has its foundations in science and ethics and, second, that the scientific understanding of human psychology has advanced sufficiently to justify a general transition away from competing theoretical orientations and other outdated practices and toward a unified science-based biopsychosocial metatheoretical framework. The implications of this transition for education, practice, and research in the field are discussed. Leaving behind its preparadigmatic past and embracing a science-based biopsychosocial approach will allow the field to move ahead much more effectively with a unified voice and perspective. The future for the field is bright as it moves into its next stage of development as an academic discipline and clinical profession.
Protease activated-receptor 4 activation as a model of persistent bladder pain: Essential role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and high mobility group box 1.

OBJECTIVES To develop a rodent model of persistent non-inflammatory bladder pain and to test macrophage migration inhibitory factor and high mobility box group 1 as mediators of bladder pain. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice received intravesical instillations of protease activated receptor 4 (100 μmol/L, for 1 h) three times every other day and abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity (50% mechanical threshold) was tested on day 0 (baseline), and at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9 after the first protease-activated receptor 4 injection. At the end of the experiment, micturition changes were measured and bladders were examined for histological changes. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist (MIF098; 40 mg/kg i.p. b.i.d.) or high mobility group box 1 inhibitor (glycyrrhizin; 50 mg/kg i.p. daily) was administered from day 2 until day 8. RESULTS There was a significant and persistent decrease in abdominal mechanical threshold starting from day 3 in the protease-activated receptor 4-treated group that persisted until day 9 (5 days post-last instillation), but not in the control group. Glycyrrhizin fully reversed while MIF098 partially reversed abdominal mechanical hypersensitivity in protease-activated receptor 4-treated mice. The changes started on day 3 after the first protease-activated receptor 4 instillation, and analgesic effects lasted throughout the rest of the testing period. None of the groups had significant micturition changes or overt bladder histological changes. CONCLUSIONS Repeated intravesical protease activated receptor 4 instillations produce persistent bladder pain without inflammation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and high mobility group box 1 are possible effective target molecules for bladder pain alleviation.
Estimating sectoral demands for electricity using the pooled mean group method

Abstract This paper examines the demand for electricity in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the Northeastern United States using state-level panel data over the period from 1997 to 2011. It applies panel unit root and cointegration tests and then estimates the parameters using the pooled mean group method. The panel unit root and cointegration tests show that the series are integrated of order one and cointegrated. The electricity demand for the residential sector is responsive to its own price in the long run, with own price elasticity being −0.11, but irresponsive to own price in the short run. The long run income elasticities of electricity demand for the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors are 0.93, 0.53, and 1.95, respectively. Higher income elasticity implies that energy efficient appliances and the regulation of housing structures might be effective policy tools to promote energy conservation. The short run impact of fuel oil price is significant in the residential and commercial sectors. Cooling degree days have significant positive effects on the demand for electricity in the residential and commercial sectors. The long run cross price elasticities for natural gas in the residential and commercial sectors are 0.095 and 0.105, respectively.
Prevalence of kidney stones in the USA: The National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey:

Objective:The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has demonstrated an upward trend in prevalence of kidney stones (KSs) in the past 30 years. We aim to report the current prev...
Beyond a Legacy of Coercion: Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) and Social Justice

One half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recommended long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) as first-line pr...
Extracellular Thimet Oligopeptidase is Carried by Cell Membrane Microvesicles of Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Extracellular Thimet Oligopeptidase is Carried by Cell Membrane Microvesicles of Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Evaluation of Fire Effects on Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Finite Element Method

In this paper, four different Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns are analyzed with Finite Element (FE) ABAQUS software and validated experimentally. One of the RC columns, the control specimen, is subjected to only compressive force applied at both ends of the column, while the other three models were loaded under both compressive force and fire load. The temperature is applied to reach up to 600 Celsius Degree for the period of 10, 15 and 20 min. The load-displacement diagrams were constructed. Results showed good correlations between experimental and FE analysis. Moreover, results showed reduction in load capacity as duration of fire load increases.
Microstructure and fission products in the UCO kernel of an AGR-1 TRISO fuel particle after post irradiation safety testing

Abstract Tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel, as a key fuel concept for the high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and a candidate accident-tolerant fuel, has been investigated under the US-DOE Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program. Extensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the fission-product release, diffusion of Ag, Pd, and Cd in the SiC layer and the TRISO coating system, and safety-test performance. However, to date there are limited reported results on the fuel kernels’ response to irradiation with or without post irradiation safety testing. To incrementally fill this knowledge gap, extensive studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) were conducted on a TRISO fuel-particle kernel with a 19.74% 235U enrichment, irradiated to 18.63% FIMA and subsequently subjected to safety testing at 1600 °C for 300 h. Microstructural characterizations, elemental analysis, and phase identification were conducted using conventional TEM and scanning TEM imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction and APT. The following findings were made: (1) significant reconstructions and phase evolutions occurred in the irradiated and post safety-tested fuel kernel, and its microstructure consists of two primary phases, namely a higher-Z (atomic mass) UC phase and a lower-Z UO phase, (2) no fission-gas bubbles are identified within the fuel kernel, that can be attributed to the high-temperature post safety-testing, (3) fission products Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Tc and Rh were found to segregate preferentially into UC phase or to form metallic precipitates while the lanthanide fission products tend to stay in the solution of UO phase, and (4) Pd was detected in the rod-shaped precipitates.
Continuous ferric iron-dosed anaerobic wastewater treatment: Treatment performance, sludge characteristics, and microbial composition

Abstract This study examined the treatment performance of an innovative Fe(III)-dosed anaerobic bioreactor treating synthetic wastewater under varied Fe(III)/sulfate (Fe/S) ratios. The treatment system was operated continuously for 500 days with a constant hydraulic retention time. COD removal efficiency was attributed to organics oxidation coupled to both iron and sulfate reduction, and observed as 84 ± 4 %, 86 ± 4 % and 89 ± 2 % under Fe/S molar ratios of 0.5, 1 and 2 respectively. The increasing COD removal efficiency was corroborated by a similar increasing trend of COD removal rate that ranged from 468 ± 25 mg/L/d to 497 ± 12 mg/L/d. Effluent quality was also regulated by the Fe/S ratio with sulfide levels decreasing from 0.42 ± 0.3 mg/L under Fe/S ratio 0.5 to 0.03 ± 0.02 mg/L under ratio 2 due to increasing quantity of ferrous iron for forming ferrous sulfide precipitates. The sludge samples contained organics (biomass) and inorganic precipitates (FeS and FeS2) with the inorganic fraction increasing from 60 % to 80 % as the Fe/S ratio increased from 0.5 to 2. Microbiological analyses of the sludge samples showed Geobacter sp., Geothrix sp. and Ignavibacteria sp. as putative iron reducers, and Desulfovibrio sp., Desulfobulbus sp., Desulfatirhabdium sp., Desulforhabdus sp. and Desulfomonile sp. as putative sulfate reducers. Relative abundances of the iron reducers to the sulfate reducers increased with Fe/S ratio. This suggests faster carbon oxidation kinetics by the iron reducers than the sulfate reducers given the overall higher organics oxidation kinetics under the higher Fe/S ratios.
p‐Diiso­cyano­tetra­methyl­benzene

p-Diiso­cyano­tetra­methyl­benzene, p-C6(CH3)4(NC)2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. One-half of the mol­ecule is crystallographically independent, with the other half being generated by an inversion centre located at the centre of the mol­ecule.
Energy-based View of Retrosynthesis

Retrosynthesis—the process of identifying a set of reactants to synthesize a target molecule—is of vital importance to material design and drug discovery. Existing machine learning approaches based on language models and graph neural networks have achieved encouraging results. However, the inner connections of these models are rarely discussed, and rigorous evaluations of these models are largely in need. In this paper, we propose a framework that unifies sequence- and graph-based methods as energy-based models (EBMs) with different energy functions. This unified point of view establishes connections between different models and identifies the differences between them, thereby promoting the understanding of model design. We also provide a comprehensive assessment of performance to the community. Moreover, we present a novel “dual” variant within the framework that performs consistent training over Bayesian forward- and backward-prediction by constraining the agreement between the two directions. This model improves the state of the art for template-free approaches where the reaction type is unknown and known.
ADH-Stimulated Na + Transport: Interaction between the cAMP/PKA and Phosphoinositide Signaling Pathways

The biochemical pathways stimulated in response to hormones such as aldosterone, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), and insulin in principle cells found in the renal distal nephron remain unresolved. These hormones maintain salt and water homeostasis and may, therefore, play a predominant role in metabolic diseases such as essential hypertension. Due to this role, it is vital that the hormone-stimulated signaling pathways be elucidated to the fullest extent.
Development of a personalized follow-up care algorithm for Medicare breast cancer survivors.

204Background: The rapidly growing number of cancer survivors in the US have substantial healthcare needs requiring surveillance and care for the late and long-term effects of cancer treatment and ...
Single‐Step Insertion of Sulfides and Thiolate into Iron Carbide‐Carbonyl Clusters: Unlocking the Synthetic Door to FeMoco Analogues

We report the one-step syntheses, X-ray structures, and spectroscopic characterization of synthetic iron clusters bearing inorganic sulfides or thiolate with interstitial carbide motifs. Treatment of historical iron-carbide-carbonyl clusters [Fe n ( μ n -C)(CO) m ] x ( n = 5,6; m = 15,16; x = 0,-2) with electrophilic sulfur sources (S 2 Cl 2 , S 8 ) results in the formation of several μ 4 -S 'dimers of clusters' ( 1 and 2 ), and moreover the iron-sulfide-(sulfocarbide) clusters 3 and 4 . The core 'carbide' motif in 3 and 4 is the sulfocarbide unit {C-S} 4- , which serves as a structural model for the proposed intermediate in the radical-SAM biogenesis of the M-cluster. Furthermore, the 'electrophilic sulfur' strategy has been extended to provide the first ever thiolato-iron-carbide complex: An analogous reaction with toluylsulfenyl-chloride (tolS-Cl) affords the cluster [Fe 5 ( μ 5 -C)(SC 7 H 7 )(CO) 13 ] - ( 5 ). The 'electrophilic sulfur donor' strategy described herein provides a breakthrough towards developing logical syntheses of biomimetic iron-sulfur-carbide clusters like FeMoco.
Protein Kinase C as a Therapeutic Target in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Driver-directed therapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment, presenting similar or better efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy and substantially improving quality of life. Despite significant advances, targeted therapy is greatly limited by resistance acquisition, which emerges in nearly all patients receiving treatment. As a result, identifying the molecular modulators of resistance is of great interest. Recent work has implicated protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes as mediators of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly, previous findings on PKC have implicated this family of enzymes in both tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive biology in various tissues. Here, we review the biological role of PKC isozymes in NSCLC through extensive analysis of cell-line-based studies to better understand the rationale for PKC inhibition. PKC isoforms α, e, η, ι, ζ upregulation has been reported in lung cancer, and overexpression correlates with worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. Most importantly, PKC isozymes have been established as mediators of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. Unfortunately, however, PKC-directed therapeutics have yielded unsatisfactory results, likely due to a lack of specific evaluation for PKC. To achieve satisfactory results in clinical trials, predictive biomarkers of PKC activity must be established and screened for prior to patient enrollment. Furthermore, tandem inhibition of PKC and molecular drivers may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the emergence of resistance in NSCLC.
Pediatric Toxidrome Simulation Curriculum: Lidocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia.

Introduction Lidocaine is a common local anesthetic used during minor procedures performed on pediatric patients. A rare but toxic and life-threatening side effect of lidocaine is methemoglobinemia...
A Multimethod Investigation of Sex, Romantic Relationships, and Interpersonal Dependency

An individual's level of interpersonal dependency influences the way they engage with others, and researchers have achieved a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between dependency and interpersonal relationships across an array of social situations. This knowledge has improved the efficacy of medical and psychotherapeutic work with dependent clients and has informed approaches taken to reduce the societal costs of dependent personality disorder (e.g., increased risk for suicide and self-harm, perpetration of child abuse, perpetration of domestic violence, victimization by a partner, and physical illness). Relatively little research, however, has explored dependency's links to sexual activity and sexual functioning, the findings of which stand to offer knowledge valuable to sex counseling, couples therapy, sexual health, and our overall understanding of sexuality. The current study utilized a multimethod research design to explore dependency as it relates to sexual and romantic relationships and sexual activity. Multiple associations emerged between dependency, both interpersonal dependency and a healthy variant of dependency, and sexual activity. Based upon these findings and contemporary literature, an initial discussion of some of the therapeutic implications of this knowledge and suggestions for working with dependent clients are offered.
Conductance fluctuations in hydrogenated amorphous germanium

Measurements of conductance fluctuations in undoped hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) find power spectra that vary with inverse frequency (1/f) that are characterized by non-Gaussian statistics. The non-Gaussian aspect of the 1/f noise is reflected in (1) histograms of the noise power per octave that are described by lognormal distributions, (2) power-law second spectra, and (3) strong correlations of the noise power in frequency-space. In contrast, measurements of current fluctuations in polycrystalline germanium thin films find 1/f noise with Gaussian statistics. These results are discussed in terms of a model of filamentary conduction, where the filament structure and conductance in a-Ge:H are modulated by hydrogen motion.
Law's Imagined Republic: Popular Politics and Criminal Justice in Revolutionary America

Law's Imagined Republic shows how the American Revolution was marked by the rapid proliferation of law talk across the colonies. This legal language was both elite and popular, spanned different forms of expression from words to rituals, and included simultaneously real and imagined law. Since it was employed to mobilize resistance against England, the proliferation of revolutionary legal language became intimately intertwined with politics. Drawing on a wealth of material from criminal cases, Steven Wilf reconstructs the intertextual ways Americans from the 1760s through the 1790s read law: reading one case against another and often self-consciously comparing transatlantic legal systems as they thought about how they might construct their own legal system in a new republic. What transformed extraordinary tales of crime into a political forum? How did different ways of reading or speaking about law shape our legal origins? And, ultimately, how might excavating innovative approaches to law in this formative period, which were constructed in the street as well as in the courtroom, alter our usual understanding of contemporary American legal institutions? Law's Imagined Republic tells the story of the untidy beginnings of American law.
Polybenzyl polymers I. The effect of monomer structure on polymer properties

A systematic study has been made of the effect of methyl substitution in the aromatic ring on the FRIEDEL-CRAFTS polycondensation of p-dichloromethylbenzene and its derivatives with benzene derivatives. When the total number of methyl groups on the monomer and comonomer is four or greater, highly crystalline, low molecular weight products are formed. When the number of methyl substituents is less than four, rapid polymerization occurs to give amorphous, cross-linked materials. By careful control of reaction conditions, however, the latter reactions can be stopped before cross-linking takes place and relatively high-molecular weight, non-cross-linked polymers can be isolated.
Characterization of an advanced HEED (High Efficiency Electron-emission Device)

We recently developed a new-type cold cathode termed HEED (High-Efficiency Electron-emission Device) based on the Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) diode. It has been shown that by arranging the device and surface structures the emission characteristics can be significantly improved. Using the advanced HEED as an excitation source, a 4-inch prototype flat panel display has been fabricated on a glass substrate. The panel operates well with a practical brightness at a relatively low driving voltage. The occasional reactivation technique is very effective to prolong the operation life of this device.