cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of the booster biocide copper pyrithione, copper 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, in gill tissues of Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout):

This investigation studied the acute effects of copper pyrithione (CuPT) exposure on juvenile brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Morphologic changes, copper bioaccumulation, and markers of oxidative stress in gill tissue were studied. Juvenile brook trout were treated with one of six experimental doses of CuPT (2-64 microg/L) for 2 hours. A seventh group served as a control population. Inductively coupled plasma atomic absorbance spectrophotometry (ICPAAS) analysis demonstrates significantly increased levels of copper in gill tissue (p < 0.001). Results from scanning electron microscopy and histological analysis demonstrate the formation of club-shaped lamella, edema, fusion of secondary lamella, loss of microridge structures and epithelial exfoliation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed altered morphology of chloride cells, including the swollen appearance of mitochondria with disruption of internal cristae and lipid membrane disruption. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assays demonstrated increased levels of lipid peroxidation products in gill tissue. Assays for the total antioxidant capacity of gill tissue revealed significantly lowered antioxidant levels. This data indicates that CuPT is potentially harmful to nontarget aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant doses.
Rapid destruction of the tumor microenvironment by CTLs recognizing cancer-specific antigens cross-presented by stromal cells

A single tumor contains a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. Some cancer cells express antigens and are susceptible to specific CTLs. However, other cancer cells are antigen-loss variants (ALVs) that escape these CTLs because they express little or no antigen. Here, we show that antigen-specific T cells can eliminate ALVs when the parental population expresses a model gp33 antigen (KAVYNFATM) at a level sufficient to be locally cross-presented by the nonmalignant stromal cells. That is, the ALVs are eliminated as bystanders because the stroma is destroyed. ALVs escape bystander killing when the bone marrow-derived and/or non-bone marrow-derived stroma does not express the appropriate MHC or when the amount of antigen is too low for effective cross-presentation. The rapid destruction of the stroma, including bone marrow-derived as well as sessile components, and of the parental cancer cells, may be essential for the complete rejection of established tumors by preventing variant escape.
Africentric Education Leadership: Theory and Practice

This article unveils the largely unknown theories and practices of “cultural reattachment Africentric education leaders,” because many people of African descent are now choosing to reattach (in whole or in part) to aspects of certain African cultures (such as Wolof or Akan). The article offers a brief background of African-centered education, discusses the theories and philosophies of Africentric education leaders, and explicates the methodology of this Africentric research project. Africentric education leaders are concerned about black communities becoming more avaricious but less unified; therefore, they offer African cultural ethos to combat both miseducation and individualism. This article also provides policy recommendations for instituting Africentric education as a comprehensive approach to address myriad problems being faced by black children and communities. In this research I advocate for Africentric theory and also employ ethnographic methods as I examine Africentric education practice.
Consciousness and the introspection of 'qualitative simples'

Philosophers have long been familiar with the contrast between predicates or concepts that denote or express “qualitative simples,” as opposed to predicates or concepts that denote or express “structural, relational, causal, or functional” features. The tendency has been to think of these two classes of properties as being ontologically quite different from each other. Paradigm examples of the former would be features such as the redness of a tomato, the sweetness of sugar, the low pitch of a sound, and the warmth of a hearth. These particular examples, all features of things in the objective physical world, would be joined by a further population of presumed qualitative simples, features displayed in the conscious states of a human or other cognitive creature, features such as the qualitative character of your visual sensation of a tomato, of your gustatory sensation of a sugar cube, of your auditory sensation of a sound, and of your tactile sensation of a glowing hearth. Indeed, some may want to insist that the features displayed in this private cognitive domain are the only genuinely simple qualitative features, on grounds that their external brethren all turn out to admit of a structural, relational, causal, or functional analysis of some kind after all.
Observation and characterization of near-interface oxide traps with C-V techniques

The anomalous hump observed in low frequency C-V curves of stressed devices is attributed to near-interface oxide traps, rather than so-called "interface" traps. A low frequency C-V model has been developed to interpret the effect of near-interface oxide traps which communicate with the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface traps and influence C-V characteristics. At low measurement frequencies, electrons have sufficient time to tunnel from interface traps and fill near-interface oxide traps via a trap-to-trap tunneling mechanism. By varying the measurement frequency, a spatial distribution of near-interface oxide traps is obtained. A consistent near-interface oxide trap distribution has been extracted for a trap-rich SONGS memory transistor using both variable frequency Hi-Lo C-V and charge pumping techniques. >
A quantitative framework to evaluate incidental take and endangered species population viability

Abstract Incidental take is the permitted unintended or collateral killing, harassment, or habitat destruction of a protected species under endangered species law and is permissible as long as the take does not jeopardize the species’ persistence in the wild. However, take is seldom addressed in a quantitative or population modeling context and the criterion of “jeopardy” has no universal, quantitative definition. To model the effect of incidental take on population viability, we modified an existing population model and simulated abundance, population growth, and quasi-extinction probability (the probability of falling below a predetermined abundance threshold) for Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) in the Great Plains, USA. The model incorporated environmental stochasticity and variation due to sampling variance. Eggs and chicks were taken out of the population as a “harvest” to simulate incidental take that currently occurs in the Missouri River system. We used least-squares regression and an AIC model selection approach to evaluate the population’s elasticity to incidental take covariates. Even in the absence of take the population declined by 7.5% annually. Population growth and final abundance were reduced and the probability of quasi-extinction was increased in simulations where egg take and chick take were applied. The model selection analysis indicated that incidental take of eggs and chicks depresses population viability and the probability of recovery of Piping Plovers in the Great Plains. Though the model was useful in putting take and jeopardy in a quantitative setting, the question remains as to whether permitted levels of take causes jeopardy for Piping Plovers since there are no decision standards defined by the USFWS. However, evaluating take in a quantitative framework, as we have, will make jeopardy decisions more explicit in terms of viability and recovery metrics.
Alternative NHEJ Pathway Components Are Therapeutic Targets in High-Risk Neuroblastoma

In neuroblastoma, MYCN genomic amplification and segmental chromosomal alterations including 1p or 11q loss of heterozygocity and/or 17q gain are associated with progression and poor clinical outcome. Segmental alterations are the strongest predictor of relapse and result from unbalanced translocations attributable to erroneous repair of chromosomal breaks. Although sequence analysis of affected genomic regions suggests that these errors arise by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), abnormalities in NHEJ have not been implicated in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. On this basis, the hypothesis that an error-prone mechanism of NHEJ is critical for neuroblastoma cell survival was tested. Plasmid-based DSB repair assays demonstrated efficient NHEJ activity in human neuroblastoma cells with repair products that were error-prone relative to nontransformed cells. Neuroblastoma cells derived from tumorigenic neuroblastic phenotypes had differential DNA repair protein expression patterns compared with nontumorigenic cells. Tumorigenic neuroblastoma cells were deficient in DNA ligase IV (Lig4) and Artemis (DCLRE1C), mediators of canonical NHEJ. Conversely, enzymes required for an error-prone alternative NHEJ pathway (alt-NHEJ), DNA Ligase IIIα (Lig3), DNA Ligase I (Lig1), and PARP1 protein were upregulated. Inhibition of Lig3 and Lig1 led to DSB accumulation and cell death, linking alt-NHEJ to cell survival in neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma cells demonstrated sensitivity to PARP1 inhibition (PARPi) that paralleled PARP1 expression. In a dataset of human neuroblastoma patient tumors, overexpression of genes encoding alt-NHEJ proteins associated with poor survival. Implications: These findings provide an insight into DNA repair fidelity in neuroblastoma and identify components of the alt-NHEJ pathway as promising therapeutic targets. Mol Cancer Res; 13(3); 470–82. ©2015 AACR.
Corrosion Principles and Surface Modification

Corrosion is a pervasive, complicated, and expensive phenomenon —a recent study found an annual corrosion bill to the U.S. economy of 70 billion 1975 dollars. This paper can only touch lightly on the subject and it does so by outlining my perceptions of the issues that bear on corrosion protection by surface modification. Surface modification is one of the major approaches that are used to protect metal surfaces against corrosion. This protection is successful when aggressive chemical species such as chloride ions are unable to breach the barriers provided by successful surface modification techniques.*
Neurosurgical Interventions for the Control of Chronic Pain Conditions

The neurosurgeon is uniquely suited to provide a wide variety of interventions for patients who suffer from chronic and intractable pain that cannot be appropriately managed with systemic opioid or other analgesics. The intraspinal pump is the most common neurosurgical approach to pain management. These pumps deliver analgesics directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, thereby providing significant relief of pain while limiting systemic side-effects. Non-reversible (destructive) neurosurgical interventions for pain, including cordotomy, commissural myelotomy, dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions, cingulotomy, and hypophysectomy are also well established and highly effective, but have a higher rate of complications as compared to most other pain interventions. Cordotomy is the most commonly employed of these neuroablative procedures, especially in patients with unilateral somatic pain and a relatively short life expectancy. In contrast, DREZ-lesioning is best suited for deafferentation pain arising from a brachial plexus injury. The newest and fastest growing neurosurgical approach to the treatment of chronic pain is neuromodulation, utilizing either spinal cord stimulation (SCS), or deep brain stimulation (DBS). These procedures use electrical impulses to modulate pain signaling within the dorsal column of the spinal cord or deep brain structures. Both procedures are reversible and appear to have less risk than traditional ablative interventions.
The potential danger of flavoring in health promoting and health compromising products: implications for children.

In making food choices, children innately gravi­tate to foods that have a sweet flavor.1 Yet, flavorings no longer are confined to foods. For example, the sweet flavor present in candy is now widespread in children’s vitamins, and medicinal items like cough syrup. Vitamin and mineral supple­ments are consumed by approximately one-third of children in the United States.2 With a myr­iad of choices including different colors, shapes, candy flavorings, and cartoon characters, young consumers are bound to be satisfied. This, how­ever, presents issues relevant not only to pediatri­cians, but public health practitioners, and, in the worst-case scenario, emergency care professionals. In 2012, there were nearly 50,000 calls to poison control centers in the United States due to chil­dren (those 5 and under) consuming excessive amounts of vitamins.3 Overconsumption of vita­mins is a recognized risk, particularly with those that have such a close resemblance to candy.4 Simi­larly, cold and cough preparations accounted for 28, 837 calls regarding pediatric exposures (those 5 and under) to poison control in 2012.3 Flavorings in these products as well often resem­ble candy, and no doubt, make this product more palatable. While these are products often thought of as health promoting, health professionals may overlook the possible harm of overdose simply because of the nature of the product. However, there is now an emerging concern with potential for children to be drawn to sweet flavoring and risk the possibility of being poisoned by liquid nico­tine.
The Place of the Mediterranean in Modern Israeli Identity

Alexandra Nocke, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2009, xxi +298 pp., ISBN 978-90-04-17324-8 At the beginning of Ari Folman's film Waltz with Bashir (2008), the audience is thrust into the nighttime stree...
Pink Bollworm: Effect of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Moth Emergence in Field and Laboratory Studies

In field and laboratory studies, emergence of laboratory-reared pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was higher in moist soil than in dry soil. In the field, peak emergence occurred 16 to 20 days after larvae exited naturally from the release carton to the soil; however, some moths emerged as long as 46 days after larvae exited. In the laboratory, high soil temperature (32.2° C) and low soil moisture (2%) delayed moth emergence.
Accessory Cells Provide More Than One Signal for Lectin Mitogen-Stimulated Proliferation of Human Lymphocytes

A culture system was developed in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) depleted of Ia-expressing cells did not proliferate in response to the lectin mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These cells were able to respond to mitogen if purified autologous accessory cells were added back to the culture, thus showing an absolute requirement for Ia-expressing accessory cells in mitogen-driven T-cell proliferation. The identity of these accessory cells was shown to be not only monocytes but also Ia-expressing B cells and possibly other unidentified Ia-bearing cell types. Human interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the lectin mitogen-unresponsive culture system was found unable to reconstitute normal human T-cell proliferation. This suggests that those cells with Ia surface antigen acting as accessory cells must deliver more than an IL-1 signal for T-cell proliferation. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was tested for its ability to replace necessary Ia-expressing accessory cells. TPA was able to replace accessory cells in culture, thus mimicking the Ia-expressing accessory cells and all their delivered signals in the triggering of human lymphocytes.
LAB RESEARCH OF DRY GAS INJIECTION IN NORTH FAULT-BLOCK RESERVIOR

Using synthetic fluids of separate oil and gas samples from Wangxin-10-2 well compounded according to gas oil ratio 21.36m~3/t, flooding experiments have been conducted upon long real formation core from Wangsixie-10-3 well to research flooding efficiencies by dry gas injection. The experiments have been done under two cases: the core is horizontal and the core has 50 degree's angle of inclination. Results show that the recovery with the core having 50 degree's angle of inclination is higher than that with the core horizontal when the same volume of dry gas are injected after water flooding in north fault-block of Wangchang oil field. The recovery enhanced by dry gas injection after water flooding is 5.01% when the core is horizontal; while it is 8.41% when the core has 50 degree's angle of inclination. It is also demonstrated that the displacement efficiency by dry gas injection with the core inclination is more obvious, and the enhanced recovery is higher.
Study on Assessment Model of Severity Degree of the Tailings Dam Failure Impact

Tailings pond is a man-made debris flow with high potential energy and once it fails,will it cause huge losses to the lower reaches lives and properties and the local industrial and agricultural production.This article proposes and analyzes the four major Influence factors on severity degree of tailings dam failure impact(tailing dam size,losses of lives,financial losses,society and environment influent),grades each influence factor according to the present laws and regulations and sets up the assessment model of severity degree of tailings dam failure impact by the method of comprehensive factors weighting,in which the quantitative target of judging the severity degree is given.This model has provided the basis for the tailings pond risk management.
Study and Strategy of Rural Energy Problem in Laojunshan Area of Northwest Yunnan

The paper analyzes the primary problems of rural energy in Laojunshan area such as uncultured energy consumption idea,low thermal efficiency technology,unreasonable energy consumption structure,weak alternative energy industry and service system￡?the difficulty on starting alternative energy industry.Based on the analysis of above problems,the paper brings forward corresponding strategy.
Contribution of Round vs. Rectangular Expandable Cage Endcaps to Spinal Stability in a Cadaveric Corpectomy Model.

Background Expandable cages are gaining popularity in anterior reconstruction of the thoracolumbar spine following corpectomy as they can provide adjustable distraction and deformity correction. Rectangular, rather than circular, endcaps provide increased resistance to subsidence by spanning the apophyseal ring; however their impact on construct stability is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of expandable corpectomy cage endcap shape (round vs. rectangular) and fixation method (anterior plate vs. posterior pedicle screws) to the stability of an L1 sub-total corpectomy construct. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens (T11-L3) were subjected to multi-directional flexibility testing to 6 N·m with a custom spine simulator. Test conditions were: intact, L1 sub-total corpectomy defect, expandable cage (round endcap) alone, expandable cage (round endcap) with anterior plate, expandable cage (round endcap) with bilateral pedicle screws, expandable cage (rectangular endcap) alone, expandable cage (rectangular endcap) with anterior plate, expandable cage (rectangular endcap) with bilateral pedicle screws. Range-of-motion across T12-L2 was measured with an optoelectronic system. Results The expandable cage alone with either endcap provided significant stability to the corpectomy defect, reducing motion to intact levels in flexion-extension with both endcap types, and in lateral bending with rectangular endcaps. Round endcaps allowed greater motion than intact in lateral bending, and axial rotation ROM was greater than intact for both endcaps. Supplemental fixation provided the most rigid constructs, although there were no significant differences between instrumentation or endcap types. Conclusions These results suggest anterior-only fixation may be adequate when using an expandable cage in a sub-total corpectomy application and choice of endcap type may be driven by other factors such as subsidence resistance.
Assessment of myocardial subcellular function after 24 hours of in vitro preservation and transplantation.

The excitation-contraction coupling system of canine myocardium was studied after 24 hours of preservation (continuous hypothermic perfusion) and then compared to the excitation-contraction coupling system of hearts preserved after 3 hours in 4° C isotonic saline. Heterotopic transplantation was then performed to assess the effects of reperfusion after in vitro preservation. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium uptake and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and myofibrillar ATPase activity were studied. Study hearts were divided into four groups and compared to normal canine controls (n = 4): Group A (n = 4), 24 hours of preservation with hypothermia and continuous nonpulsatile perfusion; Group B (n = 4), 24 hours of preservation followed by successful heterotopic transplantation for 24 hours; Group C (n = 4), 3 hours of preservation in 4° C isotonic saline; and Group D (n = 4), 3 hours of hypothermic saline preservation followed by heterotopic cardiac transplantation. SR Ca2+-stimulated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was not significantly different from control values in any of the four experimental groups. SR calcium uptake from Group A was well preserved, whereas that from Group C was significantly depressed. Following transplantation both Groups B and D demonstrated depressed calcium uptake. The coupling ratio (μmoles Ca2+ transported/μmole ATP hydrolyzed) was depressed in all groups except A. Contractile protein function measured as myofibrillar pCa-ATPase curves demonstrated a depression of maximal ATPase activity in Groups C and D but not in Groups A and B. Double reciprocal plots of myofibrillar ATPase activity revealed an increase in Km for all groups, with Group B demonstrating the least depression of enzyme affinity. It is concluded that myocardial preservation in 4° C saline for only three hours results in a significant degree of ischemic / reperfusion injury to the excitation-contraction coupling system. In contrast, the intact heart can be maintained for 24 hours by continuous, nonpulsatile, hypothermic perfusion with a minimum of ischemic/reperfusion injury to the excitation-contraction coupling system.
Dopamine is Required for Activity-Dependent Amplification of Arc mRNA in Developing Postnatal Frontal Cortex

The activity-regulated gene Arc/Arg3.1 encodes a postsynaptic protein crucially involved in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity. Genetic mutations in Arc pathway and altered Arc expression in human frontal cortex have been associated with schizophrenia. Although Arc expression has been reported to vary with age, what mechanisms regulate Arc mRNA levels in frontal cortex during postnatal development remains unclear. Using quantitative mRNA analysis of mouse frontal cortical tissues, we mapped the developmental profiles of Arc expression and found that its mRNA levels are sharply amplified near the end of the second postnatal week, when mouse pups open their eyes for the first time after birth. Surprisingly, electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex before eye-opening is not sufficient to drive the amplification of Arc mRNA. Instead, this amplification needs both electrical stimulation and dopamine D1-type receptor (D1R) activation. Furthermore, visual stimuli-driven amplification of Arc mRNA is also dependent on D1R activation and dopamine neurons located in the ventral midbrain. These results indicate that dopamine is required to drive activity-dependent amplification of Arc mRNA in the developing postnatal frontal cortex and suggest that joint electrical and dopaminergic activation is essential to establish the normal expression pattern of a schizophrenia-associated gene during frontal cortical development.
Study of sparse feedback control algorithm on benchmark structure

Modern structural control systems use centralized, wired sensor feedback to impart counter forces based on measurement of the response. However, centralized systems can be sensitive to sensor failure, controller failure, and the reliability of sensor links. The recent study of wireless control systems has encouraged decentralized control approaches to overcome wireless structural control challenges, including limiting the wireless communication required and the associated slow sampling rate and time delays in the control system. Decentralized control offers the additional advantages of multiple independent controllers and small subsets of measurement feedback. Previous decentralized structural control algorithms enforce a spatial sparsity pattern during the design, which is assumed a priori. Therefore, the optimal feedback structure is not considered in the design. This work explores a decentralized optimal LQR design algorithm where the sparsity of the feedback gain is incorporated into the objective function. The control approach is compared to previous decentralized control techniques on a 5-Story control benchmark structure fitted with a semi-active control system. Additionally, the sparsity and control requirements are compared to centralized designs to gain insight on the overall performance of sparse feedback systems. The optimal sparse feedback design offers the best balance of performance, measurement feedback, and control effort.
The Experience of the Phillipines in Taxing Its Nonresident Citizens

Jagdish Bhagwati has written extensively about the “brain drain”, which has sparked at least four major international conferences on the subject of whether developing countries should tax the income of their citizens living abroad. Unlike the United States, the Philippines, and (formerly) Mexico, no other nations at the time levied such a tax. The author of this chapter was commissioned by the World Bank to conduct a case study of the Philippine taxation of its nonresidents in order to gain knowledge of any administrative hurdles to such a system. The first section of this chapter examines the taxation of nonresident citizens in the Philippines during three time periods: before 1970, 1970 to 1972, and after 1973. The country used different approaches in all three periods. The two main problems that arise are (1) whether a less developed country should tax nonresidents in the same manner as it taxes residents, and (2) administrative difficulties. The next section of this chapter analyzes the consequences of these problems on the Bhagwati proposal. This section proposes a resolution to the structural concerns, but the administrative difficulties of enforcing such a proposal are more problematic. This chapter concludes by determining that the success of the Bhagwati proposal rests with the developed countries. If developed countries commit to assisting less developed countries in collecting the income tax on nonresidents, the proposal could succeed. If not, however, it will likely accomplish few of its main objectives.
Teaching Introductory Meteorology Through an Observation-Oriented Term Project

Introductory meteorology courses, when taught in undergraduate geology curricula, are often non- laboratory, elective courses that accommodate a large number and broad spectrum of students. An observation-oriented term project where each student photographs meteorological phenomena is an effective means of incorporating many of the elements that we value in our smaller laboratory courses, such as hands-on experience and the excitement of “doing” science. This term project, which can be done without a formal laboratory period, is designed to give each student an opportunity to develop his/her observational and interpretational skills in a focused and yet highly creative way. An emphasis on communication skills (both oral and written) is also incorporated into the term project and associated project activities. The project results in an album of first-hand meteorological observations (photographs) along with identifications and descriptive interpretations/explanations. Using the term project as a central co...
Should Free Traders Support the Trans-Pacific Partnership? An Assessment of America's Largest Preferential Trade Agreement

After nearly six years of negotiations, a Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement was reached in October 2015. The deal was subsequently signed by the governments of the United States and 11 other parties in Wellington, New Zealand in February 2016. In terms of the value of trade and share of global output accounted for by the 12 member countries, the TPP is the largest U.S. trade agreement to date.Legislation to implement the TPP could be introduced in Congress this year, but with caustic anti-trade rhetoric permeating the presidential election campaigns and the major-party candidates publicly opposing the deal, prospects for passing such legislation in 2016 look bleak. Election-year politics aside, skepticism and, in some cases, outright opposition to the TPP have been registering across the political and ideological spectra. The usual anti-trade arguments from labor, environmental, and other groups on the left have been supplemented by free-market oriented assertions that the TPP is too much about global governance and too little about market liberalization.This paper presents a chapter-by-chapter analysis of the TPP from a free trader’s perspective. Brief summaries, assessments, scores on a scale of 0 (protectionist) to 10 (free trade), and scoring rationales are provided for each evaluated chapter. Of the 22 chapters analyzed, we found 15 to be liberalizing (scores above 5), 5 to be protectionist (scores below 5), and 2 to be neutral (scores of 5). Considered as a whole, the terms of the TPP are net liberalizing.NoteWe were able to analyze and “score” 22 of the 30 TPP chapters. Eight chapters did not lend themselves to qualification or scoring.
La solitude du discours amoureux aujourd’hui. Réflexions à partir de Roland Barthes et une critique

L’article offre une discussion de l’affirmation qui ouvrait en 1977 les Fragments d’un discours amoureux de Roland Barthes, selon laquelle le discours amoureux se trouvait dans une condition d’extreme solitude. Afin de comprendre cette affirmation, on commence par un apercu des caracteristiques du discours amoureux, pour montrer en quelle mesure son incoherence et sa fragmentation lui sont constitutives. Ensuite, on analyse le projet barthesien de restituer une dignite a ce discours et a l’experience qu’il vehicule — de le soustraire a sa solitude. Pour conclure, on montre pourquoi certaines attaques moralisatrices contemporaines contre l’instabilite de l’experience amoureuse actuelle, au lieu d’offrir un espace d’ecoute au discours amoureux, finissent souvent par le reduire encore au silence.
The Openness/Intellect Model on the M5-50: Supporting the Flexibility of IPIP-Based Instruments

This study examined ways to improve fit and interpretive capacity of the M5-50, an IPIP-based personality instrument, using the Openness/Intellect model (O/I) given a history of poor performance of the M5-50 Openness scale (Author, 2013; Socha, Cooper, & McCord, 2010). With participants from Amazon’s MTurk (n = 305), theoretical models for the five-factor model, Openness as a 10-item single factor, and the O/I model were tested and fitted poorly After removing one problematic item, the O/I model showed acceptable fit. Findings indicate that the O/I model improved psychometric validity and interpretive capacity for the M5-50. The flexibility and open access of IPIP-based instruments such as the M5-50 makes the IPIP an optimal choice for instrument adaptation and construction in Latin America.
Prevalence of Cancer Screening Among Adults With Disabilities, United States, 2013.

INTRODUCTION Many studies on cancer screening among adults with disabilities examined disability status only, which masks subgroup differences. We examined prevalence of receipt of cancer screening tests by disability status and type. METHODS We used 2013 National Health Interview Survey data to assess prevalence of 1) guideline-concordant mammography, Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, and endoscopy and stool tests; 2) physicians' recommendations for these tests; and 3) barriers to health-care access among adults with and without disabilities (defined as difficulty with cognition, hearing, vision, or mobility). RESULTS Reported Pap test use ranged from 66.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.3%-71.4%) to 80.2% (95% CI, 72.4%-86.2%) among women with different types of disabilities compared with 81.4% (95% CI, 80.0%-82.7%) among women without disabilities. Prevalence of mammography among women with disabilities was also lower (range, 61.2% [95% CI, 50.5%-71.0%] to 67.5% [95% CI, 62.8%-71.9%]) compared with women without disabilities (72.8% [95% CI, 70.7%-74.9%]). Screening for colorectal cancer was 57.0% among persons without disabilities, and ranged from 48.6% (95% CI, 40.3%-57.0%) among those with vision limitations to 64.6% (95% CI, 58.5%-70.2%) among those with hearing limitations. Receiving recommendations for Pap tests and mammography increased all respondents' likelihood of receiving these tests. The most frequently reported barrier to accessing health care reported by adults with disabilities was difficulty scheduling an appointment. CONCLUSION We observed disparities in receipt of cancer screening among adults with disabilities; however, disparities varied by disability type. Our findings may be used to refine interventions to close gaps in cancer screening among persons with disabilities.
Inorganic Polyphosphate Activates mTOR Complexes 1 and 2 in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Abstract Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) elicits proinflammatory signaling responses in endothelial cells through interaction with two receptors, RAGE and P2Y1. We demonstrate here that polyP elicits proinflammatory signaling responses through activation of mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) in endothelial cells. Thus, polyP effectively induced the phosphorylation of the mTORC1 substrate, p70S6K, in endothelial cells by an AKT-dependent but ERK-independent mechanism. Furthermore, it was found that activation of the PI3K/PLC/PKC/Ca2+ signaling axis is required for the polyP-mediated phosphorylation of p70S6K. The inhibition of mTORC1 by either rapamycin or by the siRNA knockdown of raptor (mTORC1-specific component) but not rictor (mTORC2-specific component) abrogated polyP-mediated phosphorylation of p70S6K. By contrast, the siRNA knockdown of rictor but not raptor eliminated the barrier disruptive effect of polyP, suggesting that the barrier permeability regulating function of polyP is mediated through activation of mTORC2. Specific NF-kB inhibitors abrogated polyP-mediated phosphorylation of p70S6K and rapamycin suppressed polyP-induced activation of NF-kB, suggesting both proinflammatory and mTOR signaling functions of polyP are linked. Finally, inhibitors of mTOR or its upstream signaling network eliminated polyP-mediated vascular leakage and leukocyte recruitment in animal models, suggesting that findings in cellular models are physiologically relevant. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Response of Integrated CO2 Capture and Storage Systems in Saline Aquifers and Fractured Shale Formations to Changes in CO2 Capture Costs

Abstract Fractured shale formations are new potential target reservoirs for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) and provide several potential advantages over storage in saline aquifers in terms of storage capacity, leakage risk, and cost savings from brownfield development. We used a geospatial-optimization, engineering-economic model to investigate the sensitivity of integrated CCS networks in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia to reductions in CO2 capture costs. These reductions in CO2 capture costs were based on hypothetical cases where technological innovation reduced CO2 capture costs. There were small differences in the spatial organization of the CCS deployment when the capture costs were reduced. We also found that the percent reduction in average cost of CCS systems became smaller as the CO2 capture costs were decreased.
Lectins as determinants of specificity in legume-Rhizobium symbiosis.

About four years ago several investigators (myself included) independently developed the hypothesis that plant lectins might be determinants of the host range specificity of microbial pathogens and symbionts, enabling the host plants to recognize such microorganisms through binding of the lectins to characteristic carbohydrate structures on the bacterial or fungal cell surfaces. Several kinds of evidence were available then which made the lectin recognition hypothesis an attractive one. Lectins (or phytohemagglutinins) had been found in a great many plant species of diverse taxonomic groups (1,2). Bacteria and fungi were known to have complex carbohydrates on their cell surfaces (e.g. lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, exopolysaccharides, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.). There were also indications at that time that lectins were involved in the species-specific cellular aggregation of slime mold (3), and sponge cells (4).
Regulation of the differentiation of diploid and some aneuploid rat liver epithelial (stemlike) cells by the hepatic microenvironment

Following intrahepatic transplantation in adult syngeneic Fischer 344 rats, diploid cultured rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344), modified to carry the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase reporter gene and/or the fluorescent membrane dye PKH26-GL, integrate into hepatic plates and acquire the size and nuclear structure of mature hepatocytes. Additionally, of two aneuploid, neoplastically transformed derivatives of WB-F344 cells, both of which produce aggressively growing tumors when transplanted subcutaneously, cells of one line (GN6TF) do not produce tumors in the liver but integrate into hepatic plates and morphologically differentiate. The other transformed line (GP7TB) retains tumorigenicity in the liver, but cells in the intrahepatic tumors are more differentiated morphologically than are tumors at subcutaneous sites. These results suggest that WB-F344 cells are stemlike cells for hepatocytes and that the hepatic microenvironment induces them to incorporate into hepatic plates and differentiate. Our results also suggest that the hepatic microenvironment regulates the differentiation of some neoplastically transformed hepatic stemlike cells, thereby eliminating or reducing their tumorigenic potential.
DYNAMIC ADHESION OF PARTICLES IMPACTING A CYLINDER

Adhesion efficiencies for ammonium fluorescein particles impacting a stainless steel cylinder were measured by a fluorometric technique. Below the critical velocity, the adhesion efficiency reached only 80%. When the efficiencies were divided by 0.8, they agreed with the theory of Wang1. Counting of particles around the cylinder by a microscope showed rebound to increase rapidly with angles beyond 15° from the stagnation point, accounting for the missing 20% in the overall adhesion efficiency. The data imply that the tangential velocity component can cause particle bounce even when the normal component is below the critical velocity. The critical velocity is found to depend on particle diameter to the power -1.29, in agreement with the data of Cheng and Yeh2 but in disagreement with the theory of Dahneke3. Comparison of the magnitudes of the critical velocity from various experiments suggests that the observed critical velocity is lower when the angles of impaction and rebound are not restricted to 90°.
A Blueprint for Testamentary Capacity Reform

This article presents a proposal to reform testamentary capacity law in order to facilitate the right of individuals to will property as they choose while protecting family members from the possibility of disinheritance due to the testator's defective understanding of a will or its consequences. Approaching the problem from a perspective that integrates considerations of testamentary capacity policy, doctrine and procedure, the article argues that testamentary capacity case law reflects a bifurcated standard that probate procedure ought to facilitate by allowing testators alternative means of satisfying the testamentary capacity standard. The centerpiece of the proposal is the introduction of an option to validate a testator's capacity during her lifetime through use of a forensic assessment instrument that measures the cognitive elements of testamentary capacity. This brings to the law of wills, which has struggled for more than a century with the question of how to measure testamentary capacity effectively, an idea that the law and psychology movement has successfully introduced into several other areas of law in recent years.
Rebooting Trademarks for the Twenty-First Century

Trademarks have long suffered from an 'ugly stepsister' status in the realm of intellectual property. Quasi-market regulation tool, quasi-investment property; trademark's historical role as both consumer-information signifier and producer-investment asset has led to increasingly confusing dichotomous treatment under the Lanham Act. The potentially borderless markets of cyberspace, with their new marketing techniques and new competitive spaces, have only heightened this confusion. Stumbling attempts to extend protection for marks under the Lanham Act beyond traditional notions of trademark use and consumer confusion to encompass the investment protection side of trademarks, such as the development of federal dilution and anti-cybersquatting acts, only serve to twist trademark law into unnecessary and ultimately useless contortions. Instead of ignoring the dichotomous nature of trademarks, it is time to 'reboot' the Lanham Act to recognize that the dual role of trademarks cannot be adequately protected by a legal regime that ignores such dichotomies. In such new, competitive spaces on the Internet as domain names, keywords, pop-up advertisements, and metatags, traditional notions of trademark use and consumer confusion have little relevance. It is time to acknowledge the evolved nature of trademarks as both traditional reputation-based source designators and nontraditional information assets, and revise the law to reflect the different protection norms required for these two different types of 'marks.'
Evaluation of 14-3-3 sigma as a potential partner of p16 in quiescence and differentiation

p16 is an important tumor suppressor gene encoded by the INK4A/ARF/INK4B gene locus that is conserved in humans, rodents, and canids. p16 regulates cell cycle in early G1 phase inhibiting transition out of cell cycle from G1/S phase by regulating a multi-protein control complex. p16-associated proteins, cyclin D, CDK4, and CDK6, experience expression level decreases or do not change during cell differentiation and quiescence in contrast to constant p16 expression in post-proliferative cell phases. We hypothesized that p16 has alternate binding partners, other than classical proliferation-associated proteins such as CDKs, in these post-proliferative cell phases. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we have identified 14-3-3σ as a potential alternate binding partner for p16 in quiescent post-proliferative canine mammary cancer cells. Additionally, expression of 14-3-3σ was maintained as fibroblasts exit cell cycle and differentiate to adipocytes simultaneously with continued expression of p16. Based on these results, we suggest that 14-3-3σ protein may be an alternative binding partner for p16 active during cell quiescence and may associate with p16 during cell differentiation.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Escherichia coli Reference (ECOR) Collection.

ABSTRACT Here, we report the genomes of all 72 isolates belonging to the Escherichia coli reference (ECOR) collection. Strains in this collection were isolated from diverse hosts and geographic locations and have been used for more than 30 years to represent the phylogenetic diversity of E. coli.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Bicarbonate to Formic Acid Using Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an earth abundant, nontoxic, and low-cost material that has been used widely for photocatalytic water splitting, gas sensing, and dye degradation. In this study, several ZnO str...
The miracle (and mirage) of Mexican flight: Aviation development in Mexico, during and after the Second World War:

This paper explores the development of Mexican commercial aviation (and more specifically the trajectory of Compania Mexicana de Aviacion) against the background of Mexico’s Second World War allian...
Information processing architectures within stimulus perception and across the visual fields: An extension of the Systems Factorial Technology to nested architectures

Abstract Systems Factorial Technology (SFT) is a framework that was developed in order to study how people combine and utilize information from different sources during cognitive processing. By using a series of non-parametric analyses including the mean interaction contrast (MIC) and survivor interaction contrast (SIC), SFT can distinguish between types of information processing architectures (mainly parallel and serial) as well as stopping rules (mainly exhaustive and self-terminating). We extend the theory to a type of trial structure that has been used in research on hemispheric specialization and integration: bilateral visual field presentation. We derive predictions for nested architectures in which processing may be serial or parallel within stimuli presented in both visual fields (left and right) and serial or parallel across fields. To ground the theoretical work, we employ language from an example detection task using global/local patterns presented in the left, right, and both visual fields in which an arrow may be presented at either local or global level. Theorems and model simulations provide predictions for survivor function and mean interaction contrasts for these nested architectures.
Disentangling pretend play measurement: Defining the essential elements and developmental progression of pretense

Abstract Pretend play is a central component of child development, but causal inferences about its effects are difficult to make due to inconsistencies in definitions and measurement. A thorough analysis of how pretense is measured, coherences and disagreements in measurement strategies, and the behaviors involved in pretend play is needed. We review 199 empirical articles where pretend play was measured and propose a new hierarchical developmental progression of pretend play, rooted in developmental theory and 50 years of research. We suggest pretend play behaviors are likely to develop additively from least to most psychologically complex in the following order: object substitutions, attribution of pretend properties, social interactions within pretend, role enactment, and pretense-related metacommunication. Researchers must use methods in future studies to better capture this developmental progression. This will strengthen construct validity and improve understanding of the mechanisms within pretend play possibly responsible for positive child outcomes.
How Quickly Can a Submarine Dive

A two-equation model is developed to describe the descent of a submarine as it floods its ballast tanks. The flow into the tanks is assumed to be inviscid, and the drag on the vertical sinking moti...
3.18 – Neurobiology of Procedural Learning in Animals☆

Procedural learning and memory involves the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of individual representations that are behaviorally expressed in an inflexible manner. Stimulus–response habit learning represents a prominent form of procedural learning in the mammalian brain. Extensive evidence supports the hypothesis that this form of procedural learning is mediated by a neural system that contains the dorsal striatum as a primary component. Studies employing brain lesion techniques have dissociated the roles of the dorsal striatum and hippocampus in procedural and declarative memory, respectively. Pharmacological studies indicate a selective role for dorsal striatal dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and cannabinoids in stimulus–response procedural learning.