cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Tune Your Hearts with One Accord”: Compiling Celebrating Grace, a Hymnal for Baptists in English-Speaking North America

Baptists in the U.S. and Canada comprise many organizational groupings, ranging from independent churches that adhere to no wider structure and bodies associated with major Christian denominations in North America. From 1940 to 2005, churches of the Southern Baptist Convention, the largest group of Baptists in the U.S. and the one with the most consistent hymnal publication record, relied principally upon congregational song books issued by the denominational publishing house, with a new volume issued every 16–19 years. With the most recent of these hymnals (published in 1991) approaching the 16-year mark, signals that no more hymnals would be issued by the denominational publishing house and with the disenfranchisement of moderate Southern Baptists, the time seemed ripe for publication of a new hymnal. The project, ultimately named Celebrating Grace, began independently of any formal denominational structure. Subsequently, the Southern Baptist publishing house announced that a new hymnal would be issued (Baptist Hymnal, 2008), but because this aimed at a different constituency of Baptists in the South, the Celebrating Grace project continued. While maintaining a significant emphasis on its Southern Baptist heritage, over time the Celebrating Grace project expanded to include several committee members from other Baptist traditions in the U.S. and Canada. A desire was expressed to compile a hymnal that would be useful to Baptists outside the Southern Baptist orbit and to non-Baptist constituencies as well. Celebrating Grace achieved print in 2010. The chapter describes, from the perspective of one of its editors, the philosophy behind Celebrating Grace, the process of compiling it, the decisions made and the tensions it negotiated between the denominational and the ecumenical, the prophetic and the practical, the spiritual and the economic. Comparisons are provided with the 1991 Baptist Hymnal (with which the author was also involved) and the 2008 Baptist Hymnal.
On the cause of vitamin K deficiency in male rats fed irradiated beef and the production of vitamin K deficiency using an amino acid synthetic diet.

Vitamin K deficiency, as seen by a hemorrhagic syndrome, developed in rats fed a diet consisting entirely of ground beef irradiated at 2.79 or 5.58 Mrad. Addition of soybean protein and corn oil to the diet prevented the deficiency. Or, addition of 0.1 mu g vitamin K/sub 1//g of dry irradiated beef diet maintained normal plasma prothrombin levels. There was no evidence that irradiation caused the formation of vitamin K antagonists in ground beef. If coprophagy is prevented, deficiency develops more rapidly in rats on the irradiated beef diet. Assay of the vitamin K activity in the diet indicated that after irradiation of ground beef its menadione-equivalent vitamin K activity falls to 14 to 16 mu g/100 g dry wt compared with 35 in nonirradiated beef. It was estimated that the irradiated beef contains approximates one-half of the vitamin K required to maintain a normal prothrombin level. Fecal synthesis of vitamin K was not diminished by feeding the irradiated beef. (H.H.D.)
Introduction to Second Messengers: Lessons from Cyclic AMP

At the turn of the 21st century, researchers linked the second messenger bis-(3',5') cyclic diguanylic acid (also known as cyclic di-GMP [c-di-GMP]) to proteins that contained either the GGDEF domain, the EAL domain, or both and showed that these proteins were ubiquitous. Researchers had reported that epinephrine was produced by the adrenal gland and that this epinephrine traveled from the adrenal gland to the liver cells that store glycogen; however, the mechanism by which epinephrine elicited this effect remained unknown. Today, the mammalian cyclic AMP (cAMP) signal transduction network is known to include a dizzying array of G-protein-coupled receptors, a plethora of G-protein subunits, 10 adenylyl cyclases (9 membrane bound and 1 cytosolic), 11 PDE families, and multiple cAMP effectors, including PKA, PKC, diverse guanine exchange factors, and a variety of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. The parallels between the mammalian cAMP network and the bacterial systems centered on c-di-GMP are striking. One obvious reason to compartmentalize proteins within microdomains is to bring related signaling components into close proximity. The mammalian plasma membrane is heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is produced, in part, by the concentration to specific locations of large amounts of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the ability of PDEs to shape cAMP gradients: the barrier hypothesis and the sink hypothesis.
A New Program to Determine K(z) from Main Sequence Stars

Recently Dessureau and Upgren (1975) redetermined the velocity distribution of giant stars in the north galactic pole direction using Upgren’s (1962) catalogue and Oort’s (1960) determination of K(z). The velocities were assumed to be represented by n Gaussian distributions with no further constraints imposed. The velocities are well represented by three such distributions whose properties disagree with those found by Oort. A larger number did not improve the stability of the solution. Without radial velocities, however, they could not redetermine the K(z) force itself.
Elementary Theory of Differentiation

In a first course in calculus the student learns a number of theorems on differentiation, but usually the proofs are not provided. In this section we review these elementary theorems and provide the missing proofs for the more difficult ones.
To Teach or Not to Teach

This essay, one of various symposium essays by law deans on legal education, addresses the significant trend among deans toward doing little or no teaching. The essay identifies various reasons, ranging from financial to symbolic to personal, why deans should teach. It then considers the weightiness of those reasons compared to that of the one truly formidable reason against deans teaching - too many things to do and too little time to do them. After noting some possible ways of structuring one's teaching to keep the time commitment within reasonable bounds, the essay suggests that on balance the trend away from deans teaching is one best reversed.
Efficient Batch Query Answering Under Differential Privacy

Differential privacy is a rigorous privacy condition achieved by randomizing query answers. This paper develops efficient algorithms for answering multiple queries under differential privacy with low error. We pursue this goal by advancing a recent approach called the matrix mechanism, which generalizes standard differentially private mechanisms. This new mechanism works by first answering a different set of queries (a strategy) and then inferring the answers to the desired workload of queries. Although a few strategies are known to work well on specific workloads, finding the strategy which minimizes error on an arbitrary workload is intractable. We prove a new lower bound on the optimal error of this mechanism, and we propose an efficient algorithm that approaches this bound for a wide range of workloads.
Kinetic Studies on Urea Extraction with Hemodialysis in Adolescents by On‐line Monitoring of Dialysate Urea

Kinetics of urea extraction during a single dialysis session in children are unknown, because analysis of solutes in dialysate is difficult due to their extreme dilution. >Objective: A novel urea monitor of the Gambro Company might be of help in studying urea kinetics also in children. Methods: We studied 107 urea kinetics in 5 adolescents aged 13–19 years, weighing 26–58 kg, and looked for influences of membrane size, blood flow, and duration of one dialysis session. Urea measurement applies to the change of electric dialysate conductivity due to ionization because of urea splitting by urease. Bicarbonate dialysis regimen was 4–5 h each, 3 times a week, using polysulfone high-flux dialyzers (Fresenius F60 or F80, depending on body size). Results: Average 4-h urea Kt/V values for F60 (n = 85) were 1.69±0.53 and for F80 (n = 21) 1.63±0.25, extracted urea mass was 16.0±5.4 g and 32.5±5.4 g, respectively (p < 0.05); Kt/V urea results for blood flows of 180–220 mL/min were 1.36±0.52 and for <180 mL/min 1.10±0.43; extracted urea mass was 17.3±8.0 and 11.7±4.9 g, respectively (p < 0.05). Total average urea extraction ratio after 2 h of dialysis (n = 107) was 64.8±5.6%. Extraction ratio during the 4th h of dialysis was only 15.3±4.1% and during the 5th h not more than 9.0±3.6% of total urea extraction. Conclusion: Kinetics of urea extraction helps understanding dialysis processes in children. Adapting the size of the dialyzer according to body size raises urea extraction and maintains urea clearance Kt/V at the desired quality level. An inadequate blood flow lowers both urea extraction and urea clearance Kt/V. Prolonging dialysis beyond 4 h is, at least in concern of urea kinetic modelling, a rather ineffective means. We speculate that children with blood flow problems should be dialysed more often.
The Use and Application of Stable Isotope Analysis to the Study of Starvation, Fasting, and Nutritional Stress in Animals

Maintaining adequate energy and mass balance is necessary to the survival and reproduction of any organism. However, nearly all organisms experience periods of catabolism, when insufficient food is being consumed and endogenous stores must be metabolized to provide the difference. The ubiquity of this phenomenon, perhaps an intuitive understanding of the threat that starvation poses to an individual’s survival, and the fact that many organisms seem to "voluntarily" enter long periods of catabolism (fasting) has caused great interest among physiologists to discover and understand the mechanisms organisms have evolved to survive such periods. In wild animals, merely detecting the existence and duration of periods of fasting or starvation can be difficult and much effort has been devoted toward establishing stable isotope analysis (SIA) as a tool for detecting and understanding the duration of catabolic states in wild animals. However, the results of these studies have been mixed. Increasingly, SIA is also being used to investigate the mechanisms organisms use to cope with periods of catabolism: how nutrients are routed, which are recycled, which are used for energy, and how that differs between different organs and organ systems. This chapter reviews the past and current applications of SIA for understanding fasting and starvation in animals and identifies areas where SIA may yet be applied to increase our understanding of fasting and starvation.
A Method for Anticoagulation of Children on Mechanical Circulatory Support

Anticoagulation of children on mechanical circulatory support presents a challenge. We implanted 28 devices in children and infants using a consistent anticoagulation protocol. We performed a retrospective review of all children implanted in our program with mechanical assist devices since 1997. Heparin, dipyridamole, and aspirin were used for anticoagulation and antiaggregation. Coagulation monitoring included thromboelastography (TEG), platelet aggregration studies, international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count. Twenty-eight children, ages 1 month to 16 years (mean 5.3; median 2.4 years), were implanted for 3-107 days (mean 27; median 17). Eighteen received left ventricular assist devices, seven received biventricular assist devices, and three received total artificial hearts. Adverse events during the 720 days of device support included the following: six (21%) reoperations for bleeding; seven strokes (25%): two fatal, two with a mild residual deficit, and three without deficit; and three (11%) visceral emboli: two fatal and one nonfatal. There were eight deaths (29%). Causes of death were embolic (four), graft failure post-transplantation (one), preimplant anoxic brain damage (two), and postexplant heart failure (one). 24/28 (86%) survived to transplantation or weaning from device and 20/28 (71%) were discharged from the hospital, 10 after transplantation and 10 after native heart recovery. All 20 early survivors survived long term. We describe an anticoagulation protocol based upon TEG and platelet aggregation studies and using heparin, aspirin, and dipyridamole. Adequate anticoagulation is more difficult in children. However, 71% of the patients in our study survived long term.
Catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-heptane, prepared according to the concept of ‘triangular’ site configuration (acid/metal/desorption-transfer promoting sites)

Abstract Al3+ species when incorporated by impregnation into a H-Y zeolite together with the Pt species significantly increases the yield of branched paraffins. Al, Zn and Cd species although very different in chemical nature from each other, all show a significantly effect of isomerization enhancing or cracking suppression at almost the same molar concentration. Such behavior is ascribed to the formation of new desorption-transfer promoting sites which can rapidly remove the carbocationic intermediates, decreasing their residence times on the acidic sites and thus preventing any further cracking. A triangular ‘zeolite acid/Pt dehydro-hydrogenating/Al desorption-transfer promoting’ site configuration is hypothesised.
Recent Highlights in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications of MoS2 Nanotubes

Since the discovery that non-carbon nanotubes can also be synthesized like those of carbon there has been a lot of interest generated in this area, specifically in the case of the transition metal chalcogenide nanotubes. This paper will showcase MoS2 nanotubes, addressing the advances in terms of the synthesis, properties, and applications that have been observed so far. An update on the current status of the field, including the use of aberration-corrected microscopic techniques in understanding the structure and bonding of these nanotubes, which have been proved to be elusive until recently, will be highlighted. Finally, the catalytic properties of these nanotubes will be addressed in the context of the other possible applications as well.
Macromolecular complexes of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and its interacting partners

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the product of the gene mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CFTR is a cAMP-regulated chloride channel localized primarily at the apical or luminal surfaces of epithelial cells lining the airway, gut, exocrine glands, etc., where it is responsible for transepithelial salt and water transport. CFTR chloride channel belongs to the superfamily of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which bind ATP and use the energy to drive the transport of a wide variety of substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes. A growing number of proteins have been reported to interact directly or indirectly with CFTR chloride channel, suggesting that CFTR might regulate the activities of other ion channels, receptors, or transporters, in addition to its role as a chloride conductor. The molecular assembly of CFTR with these interacting proteins is of great interest and importance because several human diseases are attributed to altered regulation of CFTR, among which cystic fibrosis is the most serious one. Most interactions primarily occur between the opposing terminal tails (N- or C-) of CFTR and its binding partners, either directly or mediated through various PDZ domain-containing proteins. These dynamic interactions impact the channel function as well as the localization and processing of CFTR protein within cells. This review focuses on the recent developments in defining the assembly of CFTR-containing complexes in the plasma membrane and its interacting proteins.
First report of Calonectria leaf spot on ohelo in Hawaii.

Ohelo, Vaccinium reticulatum (Smith), is an endemic Hawaiian shrub, less than 1 m tall, which grows between 640 and 3,700 m elevation on disturbed volcanic sites on the islands of Maui and Hawaii (3). Ohelo berries are made into jams, jellies, and pie filling and are also a food source for the endemic nene goose, the state bird of Hawaii (3). In the summer of 2010, Ohelo berry plants grown in a greenhouse nursery located in Hilo, Hawaii, exhibited severe disease symptoms including leaf spots, stem lesions, and defoliation. The leaf spots appeared rapidly and were fairly severe. Subsequent field surveys of areas of naturally growing Ohelo within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and along the roadside of Saddle Road were negative. An anamorphic state of Cylindrocladium was consistently isolated from the diseased portions of plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA). To determine the species, single-conidial isolates of the fungus were cultured for 14 days at 25°C under 12 h of light/dark conditions. Conidia were produced on penicillately branched condiophores having a stipe extension of 101.5 to 231.3 × 1.9 to 3.5 μm, terminating in a narrowly clavate vesicle, 2.4 to 3.5 μm. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, three septate, and 58.6 to 77.77 × 4.29 to 5.72 μm. The nucleotide sequence of the partial β-tubulin gene was determined for strain Vr1 and a BLAST analysis of the β-tubulin sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX852715) revealed 99% similarity (337/341 bp) with the sequence of Calonectria pseudocolhounii strain CMW27213 (HQ285789) (1). Based on morphology and molecular sequencing, the fungus was identified as Calonectria irrespective of the teleomorphic stage in accordance with Lombard et al. (2). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by spray inoculating eight Ohelo seedlings and eight Ohelo variety N06-7 ('Kilauea') plants with a spore suspension (105 conidia per ml) of one isolate of the pathogen obtained from 14-day-old single-spore colonies grown on PDA at 25°C. Following inoculation, all plants were maintained in plastic bags in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C and 90 to 95% relative humidity. Four plants were used as a control. After 5 to 7 days, foliar symptoms resembling those seen in the nursery were detected on inoculated plants; leaf drop was first observed after day 7. No symptoms were detected on the control plants. The Calonectria sp. was reisolated from the artificially infected tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Calonectria sp. causing disease on Ohelo berry in Hawaii. References: (1) S. F. Chen et al. Persoonia 26:1, 2011. (2) L. Lombard et al. Stud. Mycol. 66:1, 2010. (3) F. Zee et al. F&N-16, May 2011.
Derivative Estimation from Marginally Sampled Vector Point Functions

Abstract Several aspects of the problem of estimating derivatives from an irregular, discrete sample of vector observations are considered. It is shown that one must properly account for transformations from one vector representation to another. if one is to preserve the original properties of a vector point function during such a transformation (e.g., from u and v wind components to speed and direction). A simple technique for calculating the linear kinematic properties of a vector point function (translation, cud, divergence, and deformation) is derived for any noncolinear triad of points. This technique is equivalent to a calculation done using line integrals, but is much more efficient. It is shown that estimating derivatives by mapping the vector components onto a grid and taking finite differences is not equivalent to estimating the derivatives and mapping those estimates onto a grid, whenever the original observations are taken on a discrete, irregular network. This problem is particularly importan...
Freezing Front Motion and Heat Transfer Outside an Infinite, Isothermal Cylinder

A numerical method is developed for calculation of the temperature field in a material that freezes outside an isothermal cylinder. Numerical values are presented for the freezing front location and for the rate of heot transfer to the cylinder. The computed values are compared with the analytical solutions for the limiting cases of zero latent heat, negligible heat capacity, and freezing adjacent to a flat plate. The results have many applications, including
Office of subsistence management and issues and challenges of integrating tek into subsistence fisheries management

The intent of this article is to introduce a relatively new federal program funding social science research on fisheries in Alaska. We discuss some of the challenges of this developing applied social science program, specifically focusing on some of the issues raised by research involving the collection and analysis of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and its application to fisheries management in Alaska. We highlight several projects funded through the program, and close with some observations on elements of successful projects.
Separating a mixture of egg yolk and egg white using foam fractionation.

A mixture created by blending with a spatula, an egg yolk and an egg white from the same egg can serve as a binary system for testing to see how well foam fractionation can be used to separate two different groups of proteins naturally found together. This mixture of two phases is particularly attractive for such a study because the two phases can be visualized distinctly when in their separated states. It has been shown that air alone at a low flow rate and with little or no water added can effect visually clean separations of egg yolk from egg white, making this a “green” separation process. The white precedes the yolk in the process, which takes less than 10 min at a laboratory scale.
Emergent Design: A Crosscutting Research Program and Design Curriculum Integrating Architecture and Artificial Intelligence:

We describe a design process, Emergent Design, that draws upon techniques and approaches from the disciplines of computer science and artificial intelligence in addition to architecture. The proces...
A simple method for carcass analysis.

Abstract A relatively simple and rapid carcass analysis technique is described. First, water content is determined by drying the whole carcass. The dried carcass is then ground to a powder and the fat content is determined using an ether extraction method. The protein content is determined on the fat extracted material using a modification of the Biuret method. In this way, three separate methods are combined to provide an accurate but simple and rapid method for carcass water, fat and protein determinations. The usefulness of this method for behavioral studies involving large numbers of animals is discussed.
Breast Deformities and Mastopexy

Learning Objections:After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Appreciate the diversity of approaches for the correction of breast deformities and mastopexy. 2. Review the salient literature. 3. Understand patient selection criteria and indications.Summary:Breast deformities
Elastic moduli for a class of porous materials

The effective elastic moduli for a class of porous materials with various distributions of spheroidal voids are given explicitly. The distributions considered include the unidirectionally aligned voids, three-dimensionally and two-dimensionally, randomly oriented voids, and voids with two types of biased orientations. While the 3-d random orientation results in a macroscopically isotropic solid, the porous media associated with the other arrangements are transversely isotropic. The five independent elastic constants for each arrangement, as well as the two for the isotropic case, are derived by means of Mori-Tanaka's mean field theory in conjunction with Eshelby's solution. Specific results for long, cylindrical pores and for thin cracks with the above orientations are also obtained, the latter being expressed in terms of the crack-density parameter. Before we set out the analysis, it is further proven that, in the case of long, circular inclusions, the five effective moduli of a fiber composite derived from the Mori-Tanaka method coincide with Hill's and Hashin's lower bounds if the matrix is the softer phase, and coincide with their upper bounds if the matrix is the harder.
Characterization of silica overlayers deposited on ZrO2 and TiO2 by CVD of Si(OC2H5)4

Silica, derived from Si(OC2H5)4, was studied on high surface area titania and zirconia powders using ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) with depth profiling. After a large exposure and thermal processing of Si(OC2H5)4, more silicon was detected by AES on TiO2 (Si/(Si + Ti) = 50%) than on ZrO2 (Si/(Si + Zr) = 40%). With ISS, however, the reverse was found; the Si signal was 92% of the total metal on ZrO2 but only 70% on TiO2. Moreover, when the silica-covered oxide surfaces were depth-profiled with Ar+ (2 kV, 4 μA), the fraction of silica, based on ISS, decreased rapidly from 92% to 55% during the initial 100 s for ZrO2 but remained about 70% over the first 150 s for TiO2. The results strongly support a model in which Si(OC2H5)4 decomposes to form a thin film of SiOx which completely covers ZrO2, while on TiO2, particles of SiOx and/or mixed oxide layers form which leave titania exposed. On ZrO2, the estimated thickness of the SiOx film is 0.24 nm.
Defining the Sequence Elements and Candidate Genes for the Coloboma Mutation

The chicken coloboma mutation exhibits features similar to human congenital developmental malformations such as ocular coloboma, cleft-palate, dwarfism, and polydactyly. The coloboma-associated region and encoded genes were investigated using advanced genomic, genetic, and gene expression technologies. Initially, the mutation was linked to a 990 kb region encoding 11 genes; the application of the genetic and genomic tools led to a reduction of the linked region to 176 kb and the elimination of 7 genes. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses of capture array-next generation sequence data identified genetic elements including SNPs, insertions, deletions, gaps, chromosomal rearrangements, and miRNA binding sites within the introgressed causative region relative to the reference genome sequence. Coloboma-specific variants within exons, UTRs, and splice sites were studied for their contribution to the mutant phenotype. Our compiled results suggest three genes for future studies. The three candidate genes, SLC30A5 (a zinc transporter), CENPH (a centromere protein), and CDK7 (a cyclin-dependent kinase), are differentially expressed (compared to normal embryos) at stages and in tissues affected by the coloboma mutation. Of these genes, two (SLC30A5 and CENPH) are considered high-priority candidate based upon studies in other vertebrate model systems.
Modeling a Business Process and Querying the Resulting Database: Analyzing RFID Data to Develop Business Intelligence

ABSTRACT: This case supports the high‐level objective of learning to model business situations to design databases and query them to solve business problems. Students analyze Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and related fulfillment data to develop business intelligence for a grower of bedding plants selling to big‐box retailers. Students prepare a business process diagram to understand the business process; identify objectives for detecting and correcting data errors and analyzing business performance; construct a Resource, Event, Agent (REA) diagram to specify a database design; implement the database and query it to satisfy business objectives; communicate results; document data error correction procedures; and prepare adjusting journal entries. The case is appropriate for students with moderate database querying proficiency. The case's managerial and financial accounting and internal control implications make it suitable for courses in Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and database systems for ...
The influences of past and present residential locations on vehicle ownership decisions

Abstract This study explores the relationship between historical exposure to the built environment and current vehicle ownership patterns. The influence of past exposure to the built environment on current vehicle ownership decisions may be causal, but there are alternative explanations. Households may primarily select to live in neighborhoods that facilitate their vehicle ownership preferences, or they may retain preferences that they have developed in the past, irrespective of their current situations. This study seeks to control for these alternative explanations by including the built environment attributes of households’ past residences as an influence on vehicle ownership choices. We use a dataset from a credit reporting firm that contains up to nine previous residential ZIP codes for households currently living in the 13-county Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area. Results show that past location is significant, but of marginal influence relative to the attributes of the current location. From a practical perspective, our results suggest that models that include current but not past neighborhood attributes (also controlling for standard socioeconomic variables) can forecast vehicle ownership decisions reasonably well. However, models that include both current and past neighborhood attributes can provide a more nuanced understanding of the built environment’s potentially causal influences on vehicle ownership decisions. This better understanding may provide more realistic forecasts of responses to densification or other travel demand management strategies.
Floral resources impact longevity and oviposition rate of a parasitoid in the field

Summary 1. The use of floral resource subsidies to improve herbivore suppression by parasitoids requires certain trophic interactions and physiological changes to occur. While the longevity and fecundity of parasitoids are positively affected by nectar subsidies in laboratory studies, the impacts of floral subsidies on the fecundity and longevity of freely foraging parasitoids have not been studied. 2. We studied the longevity and per capita fecundity of naturally occurring Diadegma insulare foraging in cabbage plots with and without borders of flowering buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, as well as relationships between longevity, fecundity, sugar feeding and parasitism rates on larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella . 3. Relative longevity was estimated by counting broken setae on the fringe of the forewing. Floral borders increased the longevity of males and females in adjacent cabbage plots. 4. The egg maturation rate of D. insulare was estimated by comparing egg loads of females collected early in the day with egg loads of females held without hosts in field cages throughout the day. Females in buckwheat cages matured 2·7 eggs per hour while females in control cages resorbed 0·27 eggs over the same time period. 5. The fecundity of females collected in the afternoon was estimated by comparing their actual egg load to the estimated egg load in the absence of oviposition for females in a given plot. Females foraging in buckwheat plots had marginally fewer eggs remaining in their ovaries, and laid marginally more eggs than females in control plots. Females from both treatments carried 30‐60 eggs by the afternoon and therefore were time-limited rather than egg-limited. 6. Plots where a greater proportion of females had fed on sugar had longer-lived females. This suggests that feeding enhanced longevity of D. insulare . However, plots with longer-lived and more fecund females did not exhibit higher parasitism rates, although the power of these tests were low.
Attraction to home-cage odor in hamster pups: specificity and changes with age.

Golden hamster pups showed a marked preference for the odor of home-cage bedding over that of fresh bedding beginning at 7–8 days of age. This preference subsequently declined. Home-cage odor was preferred to that of male and nonpregnant female hamsters but not to that of another mother and her litter. Pups showed odor preferences as early as 4 days of age in certain non-animal odor comparisons. Odor-guided filial behaviors may contribute to the solidarity and eventual breakup of the family group.
Measuring Process in Team Performance and Training

What if we took seriously the fact that team performance is not synonymous with individual performance? Although teams appear to be the new workhorses of economic and social goal accomplishment, the processes by which they accomplish their goals remains relatively unexplicated and not well understood. In this paper, we argue that coordination is an important unifying construct for defining, measuring, researching, and training effective team performance.
Rats preexposed to MDMA display attenuated responses to its aversive effects in the absence of persistent monoamine depletions

The abuse potential of a given drug may be mediated by both its rewarding and aversive effects, the latter of which are often far less characterized. Using the conditioned taste-aversion (CTA) preparation, the present experiments examined changes in the aversive effects of the commonly used recreational drug MDMA following repeated drug exposures. Experiment 1 used three varying doses of MDMA (1.0, 1.8, and 3.2 mg/kg) to determine a dose that produced taste aversions of intermediate strength. Experiments 2 and 3 characterized the effects of repeated preexposures to MDMA (1.8 or 3.2 mg/kg) on taste aversions induced by MDMA (1.8 mg/kg). Additionally, levels of several monoamines and metabolites were analyzed in frontal cortex and caudate–putamen from subjects in Experiment 3 to assess for persistent monoamine depletions. MDMA induced dose-dependent taste aversions. Preexposure to MDMA (at both doses) resulted in an attenuation of MDMA-induced taste aversions. These effects were not likely due to persistent monoamine depletions, as subjects preexposed to the higher MDMA dose did not differ from controls in levels of monoamines or metabolites in either brain region examined. Prior MDMA experience weakened the ability of MDMA to induce taste aversions. This attenuation of MDMA's aversive effects may occur with low doses that do not persistently alter monoamine levels.
On existence of steady-state solutions to the coagulation equations

Abstract The general steady-state coagulation equations with sources and sinks are examined. These equations are shown to admit physically unacceptable solutions in some cases, and it is hypothesized that in such a case a gelation or precipitation phenomenon occurs. General conditions on the coagulation and loss coefficients are given that insure the existence of physically realistic solutions. The physically realistic solutions have tails that decay faster than any power of particle size.
The influence of ω-phase on the superconductivity of Ti-Mo alloys

Abstract In Ti-Mo alloys the maxima in the low-temperature electronic specific heat coefficient (λ) and the superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) which occur near 20 at.% Mo ( e / a ∼ 4.4) are induced by omega-phase precipitates in the lower concentration alloys, which decrease λ and T c below the values expected for an unperturbed bcc lattice.
A territorial database management system

A rational territorial management requires that all the amount of geographical data (maps, aerophotos, satellite images but also statistics, etc ...) be unified and made accessible to the decisional entities, which can use them as means for an adequate planning of the actions to undertake. Therefore the concept of data base (or DB) and the relative techniques offer the suitable means, as they give to the user a clear view of the data, an access and computational language oriented to the user, and the capability to support in a simple way the process (often heuristic) of solution of the management problems.The extended relational model [1] is adequate for this kind of problems for its simplicity, semantic completeness, and descriptive power. The access language to the DB represents an extension of AQL [2] that, besides supporting the DB management operations and the possibilities of interactive computation of AQL, offers the integration with the geographical operations and data geographical type. The proposal is illustrated by means of a series of examples of inquiry against a geographical DB.
Orthogonal realization of first-order allpass filters for two-dimensional signals

An orthogonal realization for two-dimensional first-order strictly-stable allpass transfer functions is presented. It consists of two shift (delay) elements (one for each dimension) and three two-input/two-output memory-less lossless cells (i.e., elementary orthogonal rotations). We establish a one-to-one correspondence between the parameters of our orthogonal realization and those of the corresponding transfer function. A brief discussion of finite precision effects on our realization and a comparison with previous realizations are also included.
Relative stimulus validity in conditional discrimination

Pigeons were trained on a conditional discrimination involving form and color elements in an autoshaping procedure. When the colors were also illuminated during 50% of the ITIs (Experiment 1), or were presented alone on additional extinction trials (Experiment 2), the discrimination was not acquired, indicating a loss of salience for stimuli not temporally predictive of reinforcement. But when the colors and the forms were both similarly illuminated, the discrimination was acquired, indicating that relative stimulus validity, not the absolute temporal predictiveness per se, was the controlling variable.
Perioperative Visual Loss After Nonocular Surgeries

Purpose To review the current knowledge of persistent visual loss after nonocular surgeries under general anesthesia. Design Perspective. Methods Literature review. Results The incidence of perioperative visual loss after nonocular surgeries ranges from 0.002% of all surgeries to as high as 0.2% of cardiac and spine surgeries. Any portion of the visual pathways may be involved, from the corneas to the occipital lobes, but the most common site of permanent injury is the optic nerves, and the most often presumed mechanism is ischemia. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is more prevalent among cardiac surgery patients and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) predominates among those who have had spine and neck procedures. Patients range from age five to 81 years and typically awake with severe bilateral visual loss. Multiple factors have been proposed as risk factors for perioperative ION, including long duration in the prone position, excessive blood loss, hypotension, anemia, hypoxia, excessive fluid replacement, use of vasoconstricting agents, elevated venous pressure, head positioning, and a patient-specific vascular susceptibility that may be anatomic or physiologic. However, the risk factors for any given patient or procedure may vary and are likely multifactorial. Conclusions If, when an ophthalmologist is consulted for a patient with perioperative visual loss, an obvious ocular cause is not apparent, urgent neuroimaging should be obtained to rule out intracranial pathology. Anterior and posterior ION should be considered and careful documentation is essential. Currently, the pathogenesis of perioperative ION remains unclear, and preventive and therapeutic measures remain elusive.
Cross calibration in longitudinal studies.

In a long-running longitudinal study using complex machinery to obtain measurements, it is sometimes necessary to replace the machine. This can result in lack of continuity in the measurements that can overwhelm any treatment effect or time trend. We propose a Bayesian procedure implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo to calibrate the measurements on the old machine utilizing both person-specific and population information. The goal is to convert the previous measurements to values that can be treated as though they were made on the new machine. This methodology is applied to a bone mineral density study where the first densitometer uses gadolinium as the energy source (Lunar DP-3) and the second uses X-rays (Hologic QDR-1000W). Finally, simulation results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed method over existing methods of cross calibration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manufacture and Deflagration of an Atomic Hydrogen Propellant

It is observed that the use of very low temperatures (in the range from 0.1 to 1.5 K) produced by advanced cryogenic apparatus and the use of very strong magnetic fields (in the range from 50 to 100 kG) produced by superconducting magnets can yield a significant improvement in the atomic hydrogen trapping effectiveness of an H2 matrix. The use of a radioactive beta-ray emiter isotope may yield H-H2 propellants (with a specific impulse of about 740 sec) by secondary electron impact dissociations of H2 in an impregnated matrix maintained below 1 K in a strong magnetic field. Another method for manufacturing an H-H2 propellant involves bombardment of supercooled solid H2 with a cyclotron-produced beam of 10-MeV hydrogen atoms. The matrix-isolated atomic hydrogen must be used directly without prior melting as a solid propellant, and an analysis of the steady deflagration is presented.
Ultrafast terahertz dynamics and broadband optical conductivity of few-layer epitaxial graphene

We report the ultrafast THz dynamics and broadband electromagnetic response of few-layer epitaxial graphene. Electrodynamics consistent with a dense Dirac electron plasma and a transient THz response dominated by recombination of excess holes is observed.
A power law for the distortion of planar sets

We consider how to map the sites of a square region of planar lattice into a three-dimensional cube, so as to minimize the maximum distortion of distance. We consider the cube to be endowed with a "foliated" geometry in which horizontal distance is standard but vertical communication only occurs at the surface of the cube. These geometries may naturally arise if a planar data set is to be stored in a stack of chips. It is proved that any one-to-one map which fills the cube with a fixed "density" must produce a distortion of distance which grows as the one-sixth power of the diameter of the square and the two-thirds power of the density. Moreover, we explicitly define one-to-one maps with 100% density, one-sixth power stretching, and a small leading coefficient. As a final note, a high-dimensional analog is considered.
Letter: Practical consequences of math pre-treatment of near infrared reflectance data: log (1/ R ) vs F(R)

The selection of F(R) or (1/R) as the metric for quantitative diffuse reflection spectrometry depends on the application and on the spectral region. For mid-infrared measurements, where dilution in a non-absorbing matrix is usually necessary and samples are often physical mixtures of the individual components, the use of the Kubelka–Munk function, F(R), is often preferred. For diffuse reflection measurements of agricultural products and commodities in the near infrared region, where dilution in a non-absorbing matrix is unnecessary and the concentration of the analytes rarely varies by more than a factor or two, the use of log(1/R) is preferable. For any diffuse reflection measurement where the spectral baseline is irreproducible, band intensities vary with the baseline in F(R) spectra but not in log (1/R) spectra.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Nanogeometry: The Plasmonic Origin of SERS

Using a series of highly regular nanostructures consisting of periodic Ag nanowires fabricated in porous aluminum oxide, we validate the overwhelmingly plasmonic origin of the most intense SERS signals such as those responsible for single-molecule SERS, demonstrating its sensitive dependence on the system's nanogeometry. By varying the interwire gap distance from 35 to 10 nm, the SERS intensity excited with 785 nm laser light, increased over 200-fold. These observations were shown to agree quantitatively with electromagnetic field calculations carried out using the free space green's tensor method.
Thermal Property Measurement of Semiconductor Melt Using Modified Laser Flash Method

This study further developed standard laser flash method to measure multiple thermal properties of semiconductor melts. The modified method can determine thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity of the melt simultaneously. The transient heat transfer process in the melt and its quartz container was numerically studied in detail. A fitting procedure based on numerical simulation results and the least root-mean-square error fitting to the experimental data was used to extract the values of specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. This modified method is a step forward from the standard laser flash method, which is usually used to measure thermal diffusivity of solids. The result for tellurium (Te) at 873 K: specific heat capacity 300.2 Joules per kilogram K, thermal conductivity 3.50 Watts per meter K, thermal diffusivity 2.04 x 10(exp -6) square meters per second, are within the range reported in literature. The uncertainty analysis showed the quantitative effect of sample geometry, transient temperature measured, and the energy of the laser pulse.
The Exit Gas from an Ammonia Discharge Tube

WHEN ammonia is passed through a discharge tube, under the same conditions as used to prepare atomic hydrogen, an active gas is obtained. This active gas is reducing in character as shown by the reduction of cupric oxide and of a zinc oxide—chromium oxide catalyst. Small solid particles are heated to incandescence; a phenomenon often observed with atomic hydrogen. The solid ammonia condensed in the liquid air trap (1.5 m. from the discharge tube) gave an intense blue-green glow when the active gas passed over it.
Discrimination of Low-Frequency Tones Employs Temporal Fine Structure

An auditory neuron can preserve the temporal fine structure of a low-frequency tone by phase-locking its response to the stimulus. Apart from sound localization, however, much about the role of this temporal information for signal processing in the brain remains unknown. Through psychoacoustic studies we provide direct evidence that humans employ temporal fine structure to discriminate between frequencies. To this end we construct tones that are based on a single frequency but in which, through the concatenation of wavelets, the phase changes randomly every few cycles. We then test the frequency discrimination of these phase-changing tones, of control tones without phase changes, and of short tones that consist of a single wavelet. For carrier frequencies below a few kilohertz we find that phase changes systematically worsen frequency discrimination. No such effect appears for higher carrier frequencies at which temporal information is not available in the central auditory system.
Multiple event 2D image intensifier scintillation detector

Abstract An image intensifier scintillation detector has been developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple light or heavy ions down to very low energies. The relative X-Y positions of each ion are read out by digitization of a television image of the light-amplified scintillations. The maximum data rate is limited by the present television scan speed to 15 multiple events per second and to about one event per second by the microcomputer presently used to store and process the data.
RAPE AND THE GENDERED GAZE: SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS IN EARLY MODERN BOLOGNA

In the course of its long history, pictorial representations of Susanna changed dramatically, ranging from her characterization as a model of female virtue and chastity to her portrayal as a nude and eroticized temptress. Around the turn of the seventeenth century, the Bolognese painter Ludovico Carracci rejected the eroticism of contemporary depictions, reviving the theme of Susanna's virtue and turning to the patristic literature for an understanding of the moral issues raised by the Susanna text.