cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of phase inversion and traveltime tomography for processing near-surface refraction traveltimes

With phase inversion, one can estimate subsurface velocities using the phases of first-arriving waves, which are the frequency-domain equivalents of the traveltimes. Phase inversion is modified to make it suitable for processing traveltimes from near-surface refraction surveys. The modifications include parameterizing the model, correcting the observed phases, and selecting the complex frequency. This modified phase inversion is compared to traveltime tomography. For two comparisons using computer-simulated traveltimes, the difference between the estimated and correct models, the residual mean, and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography. For a comparison using field data from an S-wave refraction survey, both methods estimate models that are consistent with the known geology. Nonetheless, the phase-inversion model includes small-scale features in the bedrock that are geologically plausible; the residual mean and the residual standard deviation are smaller for the phase inversion than they are for the traveltime tomography.
Implementing inclusive education in Delhi, India: regular school teachers' preferences for professional development delivery modes

This study examines the preferences of regular primary and secondary school teachers in Delhi, India regarding professional development delivery modes in the context of inclusive education for students with disabilities. A total of 223 primary school teachers and 130 secondary school teachers responded to a seven-item Likert-type questionnaire, indicating their preferences for the delivery modes. The teachers were also requested to list additional delivery modes that they would like to see being used while receiving in-service training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests and Spearman rank-order correlation. The implications for teacher training in India are discussed in terms of the different models that can improve teacher quality for inclusive education.
Electronic structure of the Ni/sub 2/MnIn/InAs [100] interface relevant to spin injection

The ferromagnet-semiconductor system consisting of the Heusler alloy Ni/sub 2/MnIn and the semiconductor InAs has been proposed as a likely candidate for use in spin injection-based devices. To study the nature of the interface states in this system, we create a model [100] interface. Using a full-potential electronic structure code with a basis set of Slater-type orbitals, we have calculated the moments and density of states of each atom. We find that the magnetic moments of the Ni/sub 2/MnIn are not killed at the interface. We compare the DOS of Ni/sub 2/MnIn in the interface model with the DOS of the respective bulk material.
Cell cycle re-entry of quiescent mammalian nuclei following heterokaryon formation.

Abstract When 3T3 mouse fibroblasts are made quiescent by serum deprivation and are then fused with tsAF8 hamster fibroblasts synchronized by a combination of high temperature block and hydroxyurea, the nuclei of binucleated heterokaryons which are formed enter S phase asynchronously in media containing low levels of serum. The tsAF8 nuclei of these biphasic heterokaryons enter S phase shortly after fusion, as do the tsAFS nuclei of homokaryons in the same culture. In contrast, the nuclei of the biphasic heterokaryons which have been contributed by quiescent 3T3 enter S phase only after a lag following fusion. This suggests that the quiescent nucleus within the heterokaryon is stimulated by factor(s) from the more advanced cell to re-enter the cell cycle in the absence of serum. In contrast to factors which induce the immediate synthesis of DNA, these factors may be those responsible for the transition of a cell from a non-proliferating to a proliferating state.
A molecular dynamics study of tensile strength between a highly-crosslinked epoxy molding compound and a copper substrate

Abstract Presented in this paper is a numerical study based on classical molecular dynamics simulation to understand the deformation and failure behavior of an epoxy/copper bimaterial under pure tension normal to the interface. The epoxy considered is a highly cross-linked epoxy phenol novolac, and the copper substrate is a standard face-center-cubic single crystal with its (1,1,1) surface as the epoxy/copper interface. Stress versus displacement/strain curves are obtained to understand the bimaterial behavior and to predict the epoxy/copper interfacial tensile strength. It is found that the interfacial failure is brittle caused by simultaneous detachment of epoxy atoms from the copper substrate, and the interfacial tensile strength is almost unaffected by the unloading and reloading before the failure strength is reached. Effects of temperature, epoxy cross-link density, and epoxy functionality are also investigated. Findings of this study provide significant insights into the deformation and failure behavior mechanisms of the epoxy/copper bimaterial interface.
Experimental Evidence on the Links among Monetary Incentives, Task Attractiveness, and Task Performance

This study reports the results of a laboratory experiment where subjects performed a complex task under two types of compensation contracts, fixed‐wage and piece‐rate. Additionally, all subjects evaluated the attractiveness of the task prior to learning how they would be compensated during the experiment, and after they performed the experimental task under their assigned compensation contract. The results show that when the task was originally perceived as being attractive, piece‐rate compensation led to a significant reduction in the perceived attractiveness of the task and worsened task performance relative to fixed‐wage compensation. When the task was originally perceived as being unattractive, the form of compensation did not affect perceptions of task attractiveness or task performance. However, these results did not hold for a second group of subjects who performed a less complex task.
Considerate supervisor: an audio-only facilitator for multiparty conference calls

This paper shows that automated feedback on an audio-only channel can reduce dominance in collaborative tasks. In a study of multiple three-person distributed groups solving Hangman, a word guessing game, the Considerate Supervisor reduced the difference between the most dominant and the most dormant participants significantly. This paper points towards opportunities for computers to improve communication between people through a pro-active and considerate interface, and calls for further exploration of the effectiveness of such interfaces.
Abstract A159: The inherent resistant of breast cancer to EGFR-targeted therapies is driven by EMT-induced expression of particular FGFR splice variants.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse process of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are critical processes in cancer metastasis and resistance to molecular targeted therapies. However, the molecular events that facilitate these processes remain to be fully elucidated. Using an in vivo reporter system for the promoter activity of Epithelial-Cadherin (E-cad), we quantify a robust EMT that takes place upon orthotopic engraftment of highly metastatic breast cancer cells. Moreover, using this reporter system together with immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that E-cad expression does not return until after initiation of pulmonary metastatic outgrowth. Using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven model of in situ breast cancer that is highly sensitive to Erlotinib, we show that induction of EMT is sufficient to drive metastasis and that following the MET process these cells become inherently resistant to EGFR-inhibition. Microarray analyses of these cells demonstrate that following EMT:MET there is critical pathway switch from EGFR to aberrant growth factor signaling that is mediated by a truncated splice variant of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). In silico and RT-PCR analyses of patient tumor samples revealed a potent upregulation of the truncated FGFR1 isoform. Indeed, while EGFR expression is initially required for aberrant maintenance of EMT-induced FGFR expression, EGFR and several EGFR ligands are potently down regulated during the MET process. These findings are consistent with previous studies from our group and others demonstrating loss of EGFR expression in late-stage breast cancers and the clinical failure of EGFR-targeted therapies in the treatment of breast cancer. shRNA-mediated depletion of FGFR1 in an EGFR-null model of pulmonary metastatic outgrowth dramatically inhibited pulmonary tumor formation. Moreover, in vivo treatment of mice with the FGFR kinase inhibitor BGJ-398 similarly decreased pulmonary tumor outgrowth. Finally, ectopic expression of the full-length form of FGFR1 also prevented tumor outgrowth following tail vein inoculation. Overall, our data demonstrate the dynamic flux between EGFR and FGFR during particular stages of breast cancer progression. Moreover, our findings demonstrate the plausible utility of identifying truncated FGFR1 splice variants as a predictive biomarker for FGFR targeted molecular therapies. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A159. Citation Format: Michael K. Wendt, Jenny Parvani, Barbara Schiemann, Khalid Sossey-Aiaoui, William Schiemann. The inherent resistant of breast cancer to EGFR-targeted therapies is driven by EMT-induced expression of particular FGFR splice variants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A159.
Pressure dependence of the piezoelectric polarization of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3

Abstract Linear and nonlinear hydrostatic piezoelectric constants for lithium niobate and lithium tantalate are determined from measurements of the hydrostatic piezoelectric polarization at pressures from 0.05 GPa to 2.6 GPa. The nonlinear constants are found to be large and relatively easy to detect. In LiTaO3 the nonlinear constant is large enough to reduce the piezoelectric coefficient to zero in the vicinity of 2.2 GPa. The nonlinear constants are interpreted in terms of the pressure dependence of the electrostrictive constants. The linear constant measurements indicate that LiNbO3 should prove useful for a wide variety of piezoelectric stress transducers for impulsive loading measurements.
Optoelectronic integration for broadband optical access networks

In this paper we discuss integration technologies for next generation broadband optical access networks, in the context of different passive optical network architectures and the role they play to alleviate various technical and economic hurdles.
Multiple mechanisms of extraocular muscle "overaction".

Objective To assign more specific pathophysiologic processes to the protean patterns of extraocular muscle “overaction” that we see in clinical practice. Methods By extrapolating from known principles of striated muscle physiology, a cohesive theory about extraocular muscle behavior is derived. Results The key to understanding apparent extraocular muscle overaction is to differentiate between a muscle that has decreased elasticity and one that is strengthened. Primary inferior oblique muscle overaction has the characteristics of a muscle that primarily has decreased elasticity, the superior rectus overaction/contraction syndrome appears to represent a muscle that is strengthened, and inferior oblique overaction secondary to ipsilateral superior oblique palsy has elements of both decreased elasticity and strengthening. Many motility patterns that appear to be due to an overacting muscle may in fact be caused by other muscles than the suspected one. Conclusion Apparent extraocular muscle overaction can be caused by many different factors.
Detection of HER‐2/neu oncogene amplification in flow cytometry‐sorted breast ductal cells by competitive polymerase chain reaction

Background. The amplification and/or overexpression of the HER-2/neu oncogene has been proposed as an important prognostic marker in breast cancer. However, contradictory results from various groups regarding whether there is statistical significance in HER-2 amplification or overexpression in predicting overall and disease free survival in node positive versus node negative patients exist in the literature. Current assays on quantifying the HER-2 oncogene rely on DNA extracted from homogenized breast tissue. Not only is a large amount of tissue required, but also, the DNA extract is contaminated with DNA from stromal cells and leukocytes, leading to decreased specificity and sensitivity of the HER-2 assay. Improving the specificity (DNA from breast ductal cells) and the sensitivity (competitive polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) of the HER-2 amplification detection assay will help resolve some of these controversies. Methods. Using multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM), ductal cells from breast biopsies and fine needle aspirations (FNAs) are identified and selectively sorted using anti-cytokeratin, anti-HER-2 antibody labeling and DNA staining. HER-2 amplification in these sorted cells is then quantified by competitive DNA PCR using a competitive reference standard mutant template that is susceptible to the restriction enzyme Sma-1. Results. Applying this strategy, SK-BR-3, an HER-2 amplified breast cancer cell line, was found to have approximately 9X baseline HER-2 oncogene copies. In addition, MCF-7, a known HER-2 nonamplified breast cancer cell line, was found to have baseline HER-2 oncogene copies. In the 10 clinical breast samples tested, 4 of the 10 breast cancers were HER-2 amplified using as few as 1000 cells. The cytokeratin positive cells of these cancers, in contrast to the cytokeratin negative cells, have detectably higher HER-2 amplification (7.2 ± 2.8X versus 3.2 ± 1.1X, respectively). Hence, HER-2 gene amplification would have been underestimated if unsorted cells were used because of stromal dilution. In the cytokeratin positive cells that were HER-2 oncogene amplified, corresponding HER-2 oncoprotein overexpression was detected by FCM. Conclusions. Using FCM, the ductal cell subpopulation of a breast specimen can be successfully sorted from breast biopsy and FNA specimens. Moreover, by applying the technique of competitive PCR, improved specificity and sensitivity in HER-2 oncogene amplification detection is achieved. The entire procedure can be accomplished in 1 day, allowing for a cost-effective assay and rapid turnaround time. Cancer 1994; 73:2771–8.
When Do Currency Unions Increase Trade

A stylized empirical fact in the international trade literature is that currency unions increase trade. This “Rose effect” suggests that a country pair that shares a common currency will, on averag...
Disinhibition of rostral raphe pallidus neurons increases cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate

We determined the cardiovascular effects of microinjecting the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline, into the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) and cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in urethane-chloralose anesthetized, artificially-ventilated rats. In 26 animals, microinjection of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline (2 mM, 30 nl), into RPa increased CSNA (+234+/-64% of control), HR (+91+/-10 bpm) and mean AP (+16+/-3 mmHg). A similar tachycardia was evoked after removal of both adrenal glands, but was absent after beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with atenolol. Equivalent percentage increases in CSNA and HR were evoked by disinhibition of the rostral RPa neurons after inhibition of cardiovascular sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) with bilateral microinjections of the GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol (6 mM, 50 nl) which markedly lowered CSNA, HR and AP. These results indicate that RPa contains a population of neurons, possibly sympathetic premotor neurons with direct projections to spinal cardiac sympathetic preganglionic neurons, that receive a tonic, GABAergic inhibition and thus do not contribute markedly to resting levels of CSNA and HR, but when disinhibited, they can produce large increases in CSNA and HR comparable to those seen during certain stress responses.
The hydrogen peroxide–iodic acid–manganese (ii)–acetone oscillating system: Further observations

The redox potential and iodine concentration behavior of the title reaction and component reactions have been examined. The effect of hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodate, manganese (II) sulfate, sulfuric acid, and acetone concentration on the time period and redox potential behavior is reported. Iodine production and consumption rates for the component reactions are given, and some mechanistic suggestions, involving iodine dioxide as the one electron oxidant, are made.
P16-18. Regulatory T cell frequencies correlate with T cell activation in chronic HIV-1 infection

Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent modulators of immunity and may have an impact on T cell regulation and activation in the setting of HIV-1 infection. However, studies on Tregs in HIV-1 infection have shown divergent results and the exact role of Tregs in HIV-1 infection remains poorly understood. We here investigated Treg frequencies, immune activation and HIV-1 specific immunity in elite controllers (EC) and chronic progressors.
Laboratory test support for Ebola patients within a high-containment facility.

Two adult United States (US) nationals contracted the Ebola virus while on a humanitarian mission in Africa amidst a large Ebola outbreak there. They were admitted to our medical center (Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, GA) during the first week of August 2014 for treatment. Both survived their illness and were released after approximately 3 weeks of inpatient care. We received approximately 3 days’ advance notice that the first patient would be transported from Africa to our medical center; the second patient arrived 3 days after the first. The diagnosis in each case had been confirmed virologically by detecting Ebola-specific nucleic acid in blood specimens sent to a World Health Organization laboratory in Europe; however, few details of either patient’s condition had been available to us before their arrival. Herein, we summarize the approach we used to plan for and provide laboratory diagnostic testing during their treatment. Both patients were admitted to a specialized isolation unit that had been established at our hospital 12 years previously, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as a resource for safely quarantining, evaluating, and caring for small numbers of patients with unidentified or highly contagious infectious diseases. At the core of this unit are 3 patient rooms that are physically separate from other patient-care areas of the hospital, are maintained under negative air pressure, and have highly restricted access. A small, specially trained team of volunteer caregivers (primarily infectious disease physicians and critical care nurses) who have planned and rehearsed for incidents of this type for more than a decade staffs the facility. The degree of containment afforded by this facility substantially exceeds CDC guidelines for managing Ebola,1 a nonairborne …
Calorie intake and anthropometric measures of growth and anabolism as indicators of risk of cancer of the breast and large bowel

Abstract Animal experiments have demonstrated that calorie restriction extends the life span and reduces tumor incidence. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are unknown, but presumably these mechanisms may be associated with the decreased anabolism induced by calorie restriction. To evaluate whether similar effects are also observable in humans, an analysis was conducted of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Risk models that focused on markers of the anabolism: calorie intake, body weight, body mass index, basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate were constructed. The endpoints of interest studied were cancer of the breast and the large bowel. In a population of 13,792 people, 188 cases of breast cancer and 194 cases of large bowel cancer were diagnosed during the 16 years of followup. The average reported calorie intake was negatively associated with cancer risk, but it appears that this result may be a consequence of biased underreporting of calorie inta...
Optical Tweezers Shed Light on Cell Motility

Optical tweezers are an elegant platform for the biochemical and mechanical stimulation of live cells. I will discuss the application of holographic optical tweezers to chemotaxis in neutrophils and mechanotransduction in neurons.
Evidence for the existence of hydrogen-bonded cyclic tetramers in aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium guanosine 5'-monophosphate.

Abstract Proton NMR and FTIR measurements have shown that the formation of stable, interbase hydrogen-bonded species of 5′-GMP in aqueous solutions of the tetramethylammonium salt can occr without the subsequent formation of ordered, slowly-exchanging structures or base stacking. Analysis of the NMR data is in agreement with an equilibrium mixture of monomers, dimers and cyclic tetramers. The association constants and amino proton chemical shifts are reported for these species. This is the first report that the cyclic tetramer structure exists as a discrete species in 5′-GMP solutions.
Effects of cold storage on the function of isolated pancreatic islets.

Abstract Isolated pancreatic islets from Lewis rats were stored at 4 °C for periods up to 96 hr. A normal pattern of insulin secretion in response to high glucose concentrations was demonstrated in islets stored for up to 48 hr but not in islets stored for longer than this time. The 4 °C environment may be adequate for temporary storage of isolated pancreatic islets but is not suitable for their long-term preservation.
Some Relationships Between Retail, Wholesale and Farm Egg Prices in the Lansing, Michigan, Market from 1969 to 1972

Abstract Relationships between retail, wholesale and farm egg prices from a 20 week, January–May, 1972, study were compared with results obtained from a previous study (November–October, 1969–70). The market average retail margin of about 12 cents per dozen for Grade A large and medium eggs did not change between the two study periods. However, the greatest margin difference between stores in 1972 was two to three times as great as that found in 1969–70. The Detroit U.S.D.A. Market News Service price-to-retail quote compared to the Urner-Barry quote was a more accurate reading of the actual average price-to-retail of the five Michigan-Indiana-Ohio egg handlers studied. However, the Urner-Barry quote was closer to the U.S.D.A. price in 1972 than in 1969–70. The farm price position of about 22 cents per dozen below retail price for Grade A large and medium eggs did not change from 1969–70 to 1972. The five egg handlers studied had very similar prices-to-retail and net-to-farm prices.
Association of IgA nephropathy with Clostridium difficile colitis

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide, is usually idiopathic in origin and renal limited. Secondary IgA nephropathy has been associated with systemic disease, including such gastrointestinal tract disturbances as celiac sprue and inflammatory bowel disease. We describe gross hematuria and reversible acute renal failure from IgA nephropathy in a patient with cephalosporin-induced Clostridium difficile colitis. In addition to mesangial IgA and C3 deposition, renal histological examination showed glomerular bleeding, intratubular red blood cell casts, and acute tubular necrosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between IgA nephropathy and C difficile colitis.
Pressure-induced electronic coupling in CdSe semiconductor quantum dots

While previous high-pressure optical and vibrational studies on CdSe quantum dots (QD's) have observed no evidence for size-dependent scaling laws in the experimental pressure behavior, we have found that low-pressure studies exhibit anomalous pressure dependencies that can be analyzed in two specific size regimes $(rl{a}_{0}$ and $r\ensuremath{\sim}{a}_{0},$ where r is the particle radius and ${a}_{0}$ is the Bohr radius). This corresponds to the limits of strong and weak confinement of the exciton for CdSe. By using photoluminescence and resonance Raman spectroscopies, we find optical and vibrational coefficients (82 meV ${\mathrm{GPa}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and 3.51 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${\mathrm{GPa}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, respectively, for 22.5 \AA{} radius dots) that significantly deviate from reported bulk values (37 meV ${\mathrm{GPa}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) when $rl{a}_{0}.$ At the largest QD sizes studied $(r=40\AA{}),$ bulk-like pressure dependence is observed as expected. We believe the anomalous size dependent pressure behavior arises from changes in the nature of the electron-phonon (el-ph) coupling due to polaronic coupling in the QD lattice. Analyses of longitudinal optical mode Gr\"uneisen parameters $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{LO}})$ show the expected el-ph coupling strengths derived from ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{LO}}$ agree well with calculated values for el-ph coupling strengths in CdSe QD's. An empirical pressure-dependent model is proposed which argues that polaronic decoupling occurs following a $1/r$ scaling law, which may be due to changes in el-ph coupling in these dimensionally restricted materials.
Application of the Fujita-Ziegler paleoclimate model: Early Permian and Late Cretaceous examples

Abstract The Fujita-Ziegler model is a new semi-quantitative technique for reconstructing atmospheric circulation and resulting rainfall patterns of the geological past using uniformitarian assumptions. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the model when applied to geographic and climatic conditions that were significantly different from the Recent. A Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) reconstruction permits a test of the performance of the technique during a time that apparently lacked polar ice caps and steep latitudinal temperature gradients. An Early Permian (Sakmarian) reconstruction is used to evaluate the performance of the technique when the equator-to-pole temperature gradient was steep, more like today, but all major land masses had merged to form one large supercontinent, Pangea. For both the Maastrichtian and Sakmarian, the model produced more detailed retrodictions of surface air pressure and precipitation continuity than previously published paleoclimate reconstructions. The results compare favorably with the known distribution of climatically sensitive sediments such as coals, evaporites, and phosphorites. Although the model considers complex relationships among land and sea distribution, air pressure, surface winds, ocean currents, and specific precipitation mechanisms, it is still relatively simple and easy to apply. Therefore, it is an excellent learning tool for the student of paleoclimate and should be an important technique to complement other methods of paleoclimate reconstruction.
Application of symbolic computer algebra in high-level data-flow synthesis

The growing market of multimedia applications has required the development of complex application-specified integrated circuits with significant data-path portions. Unfortunately, most high-level synthesis tools and methods cannot automatically synthesize data paths such that complex arithmetic library blocks are intelligently used. Namely, most arithmetic-level optimizations are not supported and they are left to the designer's ingenuity. In this paper, we show how symbolic algebra can be used to construct arithmetic-level decomposition algorithms. We introduce our tool, SymSyn, that optimizes and maps data flow descriptions into data paths using complex arithmetic components. SymSyn uses two new algorithms to find either minimal component mapping or minimal critical path delay (CPD) mapping of the data flow. In this paper, we give an overview of the proposed algorithms. We also show how symbolic manipulations such as tree-height-reduction, factorization, expansion, and Horner transformation are incorporated in the preprocessing step. Such manipulations are used as guidelines in initial library element selection to accelerate the proposed algorithms. Furthermore, we demonstrate how substitution can be used for multiexpression component sharing and CPD optimization.
Piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride Vibrating Contour-Mode MEMS Resonators

This paper reports theoretical analysis and experimental results on a new class of rectangular plate and ring-shaped contour-mode piezoelectric aluminum nitride radio-frequency microelectromechanical systems resonators that span a frequency range from 19 to 656 MHz showing high-quality factors in air (Qmax=4300 at 229.9 MHz), low motional resistance (ranging from 50 to 700 Omega), and center frequencies that are lithographically defined. These resonators achieve the lowest value of motional resistance ever reported for contour-mode resonators and combine it with high Q factors, therefore enabling the fabrication of arrays of high-performance microresonators with different frequencies on a single chip. Uncompensated temperature coefficients of frequency of approximately -25 ppm/degC were also recorded for these resonators. Initial discussions on mass loading mechanisms induced by metal electrodes and energy loss phenomenon are provided
Print and online versions of Evidence-Based Nursing: innovative teaching tools for nurse educators.

The availability of Evidence-Based Nursing ( EBN ) online to institutions that currently subscribe to the print version is good news for nurse educators. EBN online offers educators an innovative way to use the journal's resources and the internet to teach students about evidence-based practice (EBP). Each issue of EBN online contains the full text (downloadable and printable) of all abstracts of clinical studies, commentaries, and editorials that are in the print version. Although the print version of EBN is certainly a useful tool to help nurse educators enhance student learning, the advantage of an online version of the journal is that it contains direct links to the original published research report that is summarised in the abstract, and to many of the references cited in the commentary. Thus, when students are given assignments using EBN online, they learn about a fast and efficient internet source of high quality clinical research. If nurse educators want their students to value and appreciate clinical research, they must help them to see that accessing and keeping up with the latest findings are neither difficult nor burdensome. Synopses journals such as EBN are a good evidence-based resource for busy practitioners and for busy students who are just learning about how research findings relate to clinical practice. Medical school faculties are beginning to use synopses journals in their teaching. Guyatt et al discuss the effectiveness of this approach: “In our residency programme we have observed that even trainees who are less interested in evidence-based methods develop a respect for, and ability to track down and use, secondary sources of pre-appraised evidence (evidence-based resources) that provide immediately applicable conclusions.”1 This same approach holds promise for nursing students. In the following sections, examples are provided to show how nurse teachers can use the print and online versions of …
Distinct genetic risk based on association of MET in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions.

OBJECTIVE. In addition to the core behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, many patients present with complex medical conditions including gastrointestinal dysfunction. A functional variant in the promoter of the gene encoding the MET receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with autism spectrum disorder, and MET protein expression is decreased in the temporal cortex of subjects with autism spectrum disorder. MET is a pleiotropic receptor that functions in both brain development and gastrointestinal repair. On the basis of these functions, we hypothesized that association of the autism spectrum disorder–associated MET promoter variant may be enriched in a subset of individuals with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Subjects were 918 individuals from 214 Autism Genetics Resource Exchange families with a complete medical history including gastrointestinal condition report. Genotypes at the autism spectrum disorder–associated MET promoter variant rs1858830 were determined. Family-based association test and χ2 analyses were used to determine the association of MET rs1858830 alleles with autism spectrum disorder and the presence of gastrointestinal conditions. RESULTS. In the entire 214-family sample, the MET rs1858830 C allele was associated with both autism spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal conditions. Stratification by the presence of gastrointestinal conditions revealed that the MET C allele was associated with both autism spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal conditions in 118 families containing at least 1 child with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal conditions. In contrast, there was no association of the MET polymorphism with autism spectrum disorder in the 96 families lacking a child with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal conditions. χ2 analyses of MET rs1858830 genotypes indicated over-representation of the C allele in individuals with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal conditions compared with non-autism spectrum disorder siblings, parents, and unrelated controls. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that disrupted MET signaling may contribute to increased risk for autism spectrum disorder that includes familial gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Microwave cavity perturbation technique: Part I: Principles

This report reviews the analysis used to extract the complex conductivity of a compound from a microwave cavity perturbation measurement. We intend to present a generalized treatment valid for any spheroidally shaped sample of arbitrary conductivity which is placed at either the electric or magnetic field antinode of the cavity. To begin with, we establish the relationship between the measured parameters and the conductivity for a spherical sample. Next, we extend these results to the case of spheroids; and for the first time, we cover all different configurations that one can possibly use to study an arbitrary conducting sample inside a cavity: in particular, all possible orientations of the sample with respect to the applied field are solved.
Recruitment Methods and Costs for a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Chiropractic Care for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Single-Site Pilot Study

Abstract Objective The purpose of this article is to describe the methods for recruitment in a clinical trial on chiropractic care for lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods This randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study investigated the efficacy of different amounts of total treatment dosage over 6 weeks in 60 volunteer subjects with lumbar spinal stenosis. Subjects were recruited for this study through several media venues, focusing on successful and cost-effective strategies. Included in our efforts were radio advertising, newspaper advertising, direct mail, and various other low-cost initiatives. Results Of the 1211 telephone screens, 60 responders (5.0%) were randomized into the study. The most successful recruitment method was radio advertising, generating more than 64% of the calls (776 subjects). Newspaper and magazine advertising generated approximately 9% of all calls (108 subjects), and direct mail generated less than 7% (79 subjects). The total direct cost for recruitment was $40 740 or $679 per randomized patient. The costs per randomization were highest for direct mail ($995 per randomization) and lowest for newspaper/magazine advertising ($558 per randomization). Conclusions Success of recruitment methods may vary based on target population and location. Planning of recruitment efforts is essential to the success of any clinical trial.
Asian American Managers: An Impression Gap?: An Investigation of Impression Management and Supervisor-Subordinate Relationships

Asian American managers report using significantly lower levels of self-disclosure, self-focused impression management tactics, and supervisor-focused impression management tactics but more job-foc...
Ten-year beverage intake trends among US preschool children: rapid declines between 2003 and 2010 but stagnancy in recent years.

Summary Background It has been previously reported that total energy intake among US preschool children (ages 2–5 years) decreased between 2003–2004 and 2009–2010. However, little is known about how intakes of beverages among US preschoolers (ages 2–5 years) changed from 2003–2004 to 2011–2012. Objectives This paper examines changes in intakes of key beverages during this period, as well as how eating location (at home or away from home) and source (store vs. others) may have contributed to these changes. Methods Cross-sectional day one dietary data among children ages 2–5 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 were used. Survey-weighted mean intakes by survey year, eating location and source were computed for total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), milks, 100% juice, low/no-calorie beverages, 10 key beverages, total beverages and total foods. Means were compared using two-tailed z-tests with Bonferroni corrections (α < 0.05). Results Between 2003–2004 and 2011–2012, among 2–5 year olds, total caloric intake fell by 132 kcal d−1, with intakes of beverages falling by 55 kcal d−1. Decreases in intakes of total SSBs (−57 kcal d−1), fruit-flavoured or juice drinks containing 1% fat, low-sugar milk (−42 kcal d−1) were among the major changes. By eating location, total beverage intake at home fell by 73 kcal d−1. By source, total beverage intake from stores fell by 106 kcal d−1. Changes in intakes occurred primarily between 2003–2004 and 2009–2010, as there were no significant differences in beverage intakes between 2009–2010 and 2011–2012. Intakes of total calories (+49 kcal d−1) and calories from foods (+53 kcal d−1) trended upward between 2009–2010 and 2011–2012, but changes were not significant. Conclusions These findings suggest improvements in the diets of preschoolers between 2003–2004 and 2009–2010, of which stores were a major contributor.
Design and fabrication of thin-film microheater tuned fiber array device

Summary form only given. In this paper, we describe a simple and scalable process for fabricating arrays of thermally tuned fiber devices that is compatible with low power electrical control signals. The process was used in fabricating a four-element polarization controller and a 30-element PDM emulator that exhibits accurate first order and second order PMD statistics.
Statistical issues in ad hoc distributed simulations

An ad hoc distributed simulation is a collection of online simulators embedded in a sensor network that communicate and synchronize among themselves. Each simulator is driven by sensor data and state predictions from other simulators. Previous work has examined this approach in transportation systems and queueing networks. Ad hoc distributed simulations have the potential to offer greater resilience to failures, but also raise a variety of statistical issues including: (a) rapid and effective estimation of the input processes at modeling boundaries; (b) estimation of system-wide performance measures from individual simulator outputs; and (c) correction mechanisms responding to unexpected events or inaccuracies of the model itself. This paper formalizes these problems and discusses relevant statistical methodologies that allow ad hoc distributed simulations to realize their full potential. To illustrate one aspect of these methodologies, an example concerning rollback threshold parameter selection is presented in the context of managing surface transportation systems.
Sleep Deprivation in Adolescents and Adults: Changes in Affect

The present study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on several aspects of affective functioning in healthy participants selected from three different developmental periods: early adolescence (ages 10-13), midadolescence (ages 13-16), and adulthood (ages 30-60). Participants completed an affective functioning battery under conditions of sleep deprivation (a maximum of 6.5 hours total sleep time on the first night followed by a maximum of 2 hours total sleep time on the second night) and rest (approximately 7-8 hours total sleep time each night for two consecutive nights). Less positive affect was observed in the sleep-deprived, compared to rested, condition. This effect held for 9 of the 12 positive affect items on the PANAS-C. Participants also reported a greater increase in anxiety during a catastrophizing task and rated the likelihood of potential catastrophes as higher when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. Early adolescents appraised their main worry as more threatening when sleep deprived, relative to when rested. These results support and extend previous research underscoring the adverse affective consequences of sleep deprivation.
Gilbert Crispin, Alan of Lille, and Jacob Ben Reuben: A Study in the Transmission of Medieval Polemic

ONE of the most influential medieval polemics against the Jews was Gilbert Crispin's Disputatio Iudaei et Christiani, which was written in the late eleventh century and may reflect a genuine discussion between Crispin and a Jewish disputant.1 However, the dependence of the third book of Alan of Lille's Contra Haereticos2 upon Crispin's disputation has not been widely recognized. Blumenkranz, for example, in discussing the impact of Crispin's work in the twelfth century, noted the resemblance between the Disputatio and the Dialogus inter Christianum et ludeaum ascribed to William of Champeaux,3 but made no mention of the far closer relationship between Crispin and Alan.4 Vasoli, in a special study of the Contra Haereticos, also overlooked the major source of book three.5 Even d'Alverny, who noted the relationship between the two works, did not give a precise indication of its extent. Alan, she writes, "was inspired in large measure by the Disputatio of Gilbert Crispin and reproduced entire passages of this work."6 In fact, just under forty percent of Alan's polemic is copied almost word for word from Crispin or a previous digest of Crispin. The following table indicates the passages which Alan copied:
Complete functors in homology II. The exact homology sequence

This is the second paper of a series, and supposes familiarity with the results and the notations of the first(l), which we refer to as I.
The p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Is Required for NF-κB-dependent Gene Expression THE ROLE OF TATA-BINDING PROTEIN (TBP)

Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene transcription in monocytes and macrophages is regulated in part by NF-κB. We have previously shown that the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is necessary for endotoxin-induced cytokine gene transcription. Due to the fact that most cytokine promoter sequences have active NF-κB sites, we hypothesized that the p38 MAP kinase was necessary for NF-κB-dependent gene expression. We found that NF-κB-dependent gene expression was reduced to near control levels with either SB 203580 or a dominant-negative p38 MAP kinase expression vector. Inhibition of the p38 MAP kinase did not alter NF-κB activation at any level, but it significantly reduced the DNA binding of TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box. The dominant-negative p38 MAP kinase expression vector interfered with the direct interaction of native TFIID (TBP) with a co-transfected p65 fusion protein. Likewise, this dominant-negative plasmid also interfered with the direct interaction of a co-transfected TBP fusion protein with the native p65 subunit. The p38 kinase also phosphorylated TFIID (TBP) in vitro, and SB 203580 inhibited phosphorylation of TFIID (TBP) in vivo. Thus, the p38 MAP kinase regulates NF-κB-dependent gene transcription, in part, by modulating activation of TFIID (TBP).
Experimental and theoretical studies of thermal magnetization noise in GMR heads

Experimental measurements and theoretical analysis of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) thermal magnetization fluctuation noise are presented. A new form of tensor damping, characteristic of the anisotropic thin-film geometry, is utilized. Rationalization and experimental confirmation for this expanded form are given as well. In general, this noise is-inversely proportional to the sensor volume and, at frequencies less than the sensor ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), is proportional to the dynamic damping. Approximate crosstrack anisotropy and stabilization fields are determined from signal transfer curves and utilized to determine damping for each head sensor. Damping parameters do not vary appreciably, although variation is seen even within a given manufacturing batch.
Minimal recorded earthquakes

The magnitude of an earthquake was originally defined (Richter, 1935) as the common logarithm of the maximum displacement, expressed in microns, of the trace written by a standard torsion seismometer at an epicentral distance of 100 kilometers. When this trace amplitude is one micron the magnitude is accordingly zero.
A Contemporary Approach to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A previously healthy 32-year-old female undergoes evaluation after a syncopal episode. Physical examination reveals a systolic ejection murmur. Echocardiography demonstrates a vigorous LV with marked asymmetric septal hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and a 50–mm Hg outflow tract gradient. Family history is notable for unexpected death in 4 paternal family members. She has 2 children (Figure 1A). Figure 1. A, HCM is a genetic cardiovascular disease. This family shows autosomal dominant inheritance with &50% of the family affected and equal numbers of affected male (▪) and female (•) family members. The case patient is indicated by an arrow. Deceased individuals are indicated by a diagonal slash (all died suddenly). B, DNA sequence analysis can identify sarcomere mutations that cause HCM. Top, The normal sequence of a portion of the cardiac troponin T gene is displayed with a triplet codon, TCC, encoding serine present. Bottom, DNA sequence obtained from a patient with HCM. The normal sequence is present on the allele inherited from the unaffected parent; the other allele shows a single base-pair substitution of a thymidine residue for the normal cytosine residue. This triplet codon, TTC, encodes phenylalanine and results in the substitution of a phenylalanine residue for the normal serine residue at amino acid position 179. The prevalence of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the general population is estimated to be 1 in 500.1,2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) caused by sarcomere mutations may account for up to 60% of unexplained LVH, making HCM the most common genetic cardiovascular disorder.3–5 Accurate diagnosis of HCM is important for appropriate management of major HCM comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death (SCD).6,7 HCM typically is diagnosed by unexplained LVH on echocardiography. Age of onset of LVH ranges from early childhood to …