cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Success and Failure of Weaning Children From Prolonged Enteral Nutrition: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to assess the efficacy of a tube weaning program, and to identify factors associated with success and failure. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including all pediatric patients on enteral nutrition (EN) for ≥6 months for whom at least 1 attempt of weaning was performed in a single tertiary referral center from 2012 to 2017, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months after EN discontinuation. Weaning program was individualized to each child. Weaning success was defined a priori. Factors associated with success were investigated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were enrolled, in whom a total of 114 attempts of weaning were performed at a median age of 51â±â40 months. Success was achieved in 80 attempts (success rate of 70%). One hundred three (92%) weaning attempts were performed at home with a follow-up in the outpatient clinic, mostly (74%) by a progressive (>1 month) reduction of tube feeding. Patients who required psychological support during weaning had more failures than patients who did not (odds ratioâ=â5.7, 95% confidence interval [1.2-27.0], Pâ=â0.03). The presence of impaired oral feeding skills at the time of EN discontinuation was also predictive of failure (odds ratioâ=â6.2, 95% confidence interval [0.05-0.5], Pâ=â0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our progressive, mostly outpatient-based, patient-tailored program of weaning from EN is effective for tube-dependent children. Children who need psychological support during weaning and those who present impaired oral feeding skills represent a subgroup of at-risk patients for whom alternative weaning strategies may need to be considered.
Right Ventricular Strain Is Common in Intubated COVID-19 Patients and Does Not Reflect Severity of Respiratory Illness.

Background:Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is common and associated with worse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome,...
Elasmobranch (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) Habitat Use in an Insular Tropical Lagoon in Exuma, The Bahamas

Elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish) exert top-down pressure in tropical lagoons and are necessary for maintaining trophic balance, so it is important to understand how abiotic factors drive shark and ray movement and habitat use in a tropical lagoon. Our aim was to assess patterns of lagoon use by sharks and rays in Anne's Creek, Exuma, The Bahamas. Four different elasmobranch species (Hypanus americanus, Styracura schmardae, Ginglymostoma cirratum, and Negaprion brevirostris) were observed using non-invasive visual surveys from the mouth of the lagoon in the summer of 2019 and the winter of 2020. Ray presence was significantly higher in the winter than in the summer and their presence is negatively correlated with temperature in the winter, which suggests a preference for cooler temperatures that affects ray nearshore habitat use. Ray presence was also changed with tidal phase and was weakly negatively correlated with tidal depth. Shark presence was not significantly correlated with season, temperature, or tides – this could be due to low sample sizes as sharks were less abundant than rays. Ultimately, understanding abiotic forces that drive shark and ray habitat use can help predict how they may respond to temperature changes and sea level rise associated with climate change.
Pirate Teaching: Increasing Student Engagement in Apparel Courses

Pirate teaching methods were adapted to construct engaging lessons to draw students to the material. The main purpose was to create new learning experiences in undergraduate apparel courses and improve student engagement in face-to-face classes. Since apparel courses shifted online due to the Covid-19 pandemic, a secondary goal arose: adapting pirate teaching techniques for the online apparel content to increase student engagement in the e-learning setting. Burgess' (2012) triad was utilized for constructing engaging lessons: content, method, and presentation. Student engagement improved in both learning settings. The activities provided visual and verbal formative assessments of students' learning and also increased attendance and participation. It was found that pirate teaching methods can be effectively applied to the apparel context for both face-to-face and online learning environments. These techniques have implications for other disciplines as well.
A Simulation Study of Significant Wave Height Retrieval From Bistatic Scattering of Signals of Opportunity

Simulation results are used to assist algorithm development for extracting the ocean surface significant wave height (SWH) from microwave scattering of satellite broadcast signals from the ocean surface. The analysis shows that the Doppler frequency spectrum width is a reliable parameter for extracting the SWH. The numerical experiments include both deep and shallow water conditions. The correlation between Doppler frequency spectrum width and SWH is robust and applicable to all wind speeds, inverse wave ages, and water depths tested in this study (5-21 m/s, 0.8-2.0, and 3 m-∞ , respectively).
Is it a rally or a riot? Racialized media framing of 2020 protests in the United States

This article draws on race relations arguments to explore the nexus between the media, race, and protest policing. The media’s coverage of Black Lives Matter (BLM) and protests opposing COVID-19 restrictions bring to light differences in police intervention at these events. How the media portrays this apparent imbalance is the focus of the current study. Using news reports from major U.S. outlets (e.g., New York Times, Washington Post), we find that protests anchored to racial justice issues are more often framed as a threat to the public interests. Our results highlight the media’s role in promoting notions of racial threat and exacerbating state repression. We discuss the implications of these findings for constitutional rights, social control, and journalism. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Low-rank approximation for multiscale PDEs.

Historically, analysis for multiscale PDEs is largely unified while numerical schemes tend to be equation-specific. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for computing multiscale problems through random sampling. This is achieved by incorporating randomized SVD solvers and manifold learning techniques to numerically reconstruct the low-rank features of multiscale PDEs. We use multiscale radiative transfer equation and elliptic equation with rough media to showcase the application of this framework.
Physical Evidence On the Origin and Fate of the Panhandle Aspect People

Comparison of the populations of four Panhandle Aspect sites (Alibates, Antelope Creek, Matthews Ranch, Footprint) using 28 non-metric traits of the skulls indicates generally close similarity among them, but the Panhandle groups show little similarity to Upper Republican. Antelope Creek and Matthews Ranch show some resemblance to the Fort Coffee skulls of the Fulton Aspect. The same two Panhandle site samples also resemble the Washita River people. Footprint is even more similar to Washita River.
Memory, Temporal Discrimination, and Learned Structure in Behavior1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses memory, temporal discrimination, and learned structure behavior. The chapter involves information processing concepts, but the account is intended to be purely behavioristic. It does not have any particular mentalistic implications and does not support from introspection. The extensive use of derived measures does not force to mentalism, and cognitive vocabulary is employed only for its heuristic value. The approach generally follows the corresponding path preferred by some researchers in the field of human information-processing. Experimental methodology and methods of data analysis commit one to all sorts of theoretical positions. The chapter conceptually establishes an interrelation among some facts about reinforcement structures behavioral output, and basic assumptions about short term memory, associative learning, and hierarchical analyses of behavior.
A Review of Reconstruction of Life from the Skeleton

The editors of this volume state that their purpose is “to present the state of the art of elucidating biological characteristics from skeletal remains” (p. xv) and “to offer to our colleagues … a clear profile of current research activities in skeletal anthropology” (p. 8). They do this by assembling 17 authors writing on 15 topics of interest to biological anthropologists and others. This book is an outgrowth of a 1986 seminar of the same title presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association. While some of the authors are not necessarily among “the most respected members of the profession” (p. xv), most of them have been publishing or presenting papers on their respective topics for some time, so their participation in this volume comes as no surprise
Low-power adaptive filter

Applications for real-time adaptive filtering techniques are in such diverse fields as adaptive control, ghost cancellation in TV transmission, channel equalization for communication and magnetic recording and estimation/prediction for speech recognition. A block diagram of a ghost-cancellation system for terrestrial and cable TV transmission is shown. The single-chip adaptive filter based on an integrated CCD and CMOS implementation described combines the power and weight advantages of charge-domain computing units with the versatility and adaptability offered by digital control and memory units to achieve a low-power implementation. >
A remark on bisimulation between probabilistic processes

Larsen and Skou have recently demonstrated that the notion of bisimulation—which Milner introduced as a fundamental equivalence on concurrent processes—arises in a natural way as an “experimental” equivalence on probabilistic processes. In this paper we further clarify how bisimulation arises in this probabilistic setting: the transitions of two labelled transition systems can be assigned weights so that the trees are indistinguishable by a very general kind of probabilistic experiment iff the trees are bisimilar. However, we exhibit a pair of computable, bisimilar systems which are experimentally distinguishable for any computable weighting of their transitions.
Animal Models of Idiosyncratic, Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Emphasis on the Inflammatory Stress Hypothesis

Idiosyncratic, drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) can result in permanent disability or death in patients, thus these reactions have obvious importance to human health. In addition, these reactions lead to withdrawals and restrictions in the use of efficacious drugs. Mechanisms by which IDILI occurs are unknown, and although many hypotheses have been proposed, there exists no conclusive support in people for any of them. Drugs that cause IDILI typically escape identification until they are in use in large numbers of people; accordingly, animal models to identify early in development which drugs have the propensity to cause IDILI and to study potential mechanisms would be useful. The inflammatory stress hypothesis proposes that an inflammatory episode can interact with drug exposure to render an individual susceptible to IDILI. This hypothesis has been the basis for the development of animal models in which rodents develop liver injury from exposure to drugs that cause IDILI in people. This chapter describes current hypotheses regarding IDILI and elaborates on the inflammatory stress hypothesis. Results of studies using the drug sulindac are emphasized. Keywords: inflammation; cytokines; neutrophils; sulindac; idiosyncrasy; drug-induced liver injury
The Building Healthy Families Model

Abstract Previous research has indicated the need for some children to seek psychoeducational assistance following the separation or divorce of their parents. This study examines the efficacy of a psychoeducational program designed to reduce the negative implications of marital discord and to teach children effective strategies for dealing with divorce. Six hundred fifty-two children and adolescents participated in programming. An equal number of male and female participants were included. The results show that the Building Healthy Families program was helpful in teaching children and adolescents about the changing roles of family members and about positive coping skills following parental separation. The program also identified interesting perceptions of youth regarding their relationships with parents and siblings following a divorce. The results of the study offer interesting suggestions for therapists and clinicians working with children and adolescents going through a parental separation or divorce‥
Identification of distinct endoglycosidase (endo) activities in Flavobacterium meningosepticum: endo F1, endo F2, and endo F3. Endo F1 and endo H hydrolyze only high mannose and hybrid glycans

Flavobacterium meningosepticum endo-beta-acetyl-glucosaminidase F preparations have been resolved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on TSK-butyl resin into at least three activities designated endo F1, endo F2 and endo F3 each with a unique substrate specificity. The 32-kDa endo F1 protein is the principle component representing in excess of 95% of most earlier and currently available commercial endoglycosidase preparations, the remainder being a mixture of five proteins from 32 to 43 kDa. Substrate specificity studies reveal endo F1 and endo H from Streptomyces plicatus to have nearly identical capacities to hydrolyze high-mannose oligosaccharides with a minimum Man1 alpha 3Man1 alpha 6Man1 beta 4GlcNAc1 beta 4GlcNAc structure. Although endo H will hydrolyze fucose-containing hybrid oligosaccharides at rates approaching comparable high-mannose forms, core-linked fucose reduces the hydrolysis rate of endo F1 by over 50-fold relative to high-mannose structures. Neither homogeneous endo F1 nor endo H hydrolyze complex multi-antennary glycans. The biantennary cleaving activity previously reported for endo F preparations (Tarentino, A. L., Gomez, C. M., and Plummer, T. H., Jr. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4665-4671) is a characteristic of the contaminating endo F2 activity.
Reexamination of Basal Plane Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Graphene Samples Measured by Electro-Thermal Micro-Bridge Methods

Thermal transport in suspended graphene samples has been measured in prior works and this work with the use of a suspended electro-thermal micro-bridge method. These measurement results are analyzed here to evaluate and eliminate the errors caused by the extrinsic thermal contact resistance. It is noted that the room-temperature thermal resistance measured in a recent work increases linearly with the suspended length of the single-layer graphene samples synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and that such a feature does not reveal the failure of Fourier’s law despite the increase in the reported apparent thermal conductivity with length. The re-analyzed apparent thermal conductivity of a single-layer CVD graphene sample reaches about 1680 ± 180 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, which is close to the highest value reported for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In comparison, the apparent thermal conductivity values measured for two suspended exfoliated bi-layer graphene samples are about 880 ± 60 a...
Urban Flood Management: Problems and Research Needs

Discussion and conclusions of a 1975 panel on urban flood management at the Quail Roost Workshop on Reorientation of Water Resources Research. Topics covered include the need for a restatement of national goals and objectives in terms relevant to state and local interests to standards of performance; Federal, state, and local interactions as they affect the capacity of local government to carry out flood-plain management; more exact and reliable techniques for flood-plain delineation for land-use regulation and flood insurance rates; social and economic consequences of floodway fringe development under present national policy; and many other subjects. Forty-two problem areas are identified for further identification and research.
What is the effect of yoga compared to a physical education class on stress reactivity for sixth-grade students?

This study was interested in the physiological responses of children to stressful stimuli or stress reactivity. As the authors noted, stress reactivity in children has been related to important hea...
Second-harmonic generation and amplification in an isotropic medium

Summary form only given. It is generally accepted that a second harmonic signal cannot be generated or amplified in an isotropic material due to symmetry conditions that result in all even orders of the nonlinear susceptibility vanishing. In materials with nonvanis hing /spl chi//sup (2)/, dispersion also requires that the material be birefringent in order for the second harmonic process to be phase matched. We present a novel scheme in which amplification of a second harmonic signal can be accomplished in an isotropic material through use of the nonvanishing /spl chi//sup (5)/ of the material, and phase matching is satisfied by adjusting the angle between the signal and pump.
Render Unto God What is God's: How Religious Actors Achieved Church Property Restitution in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Under communist regimes, not only was individual property confiscated by the state, but so was the property of many churches and religious groups. After 1989, demands for the restitution of church property raised questions about if and how postcommunist governments should respond to past injustices and how church and state would relate to each other in the new regimes.In this paper I use a case study of the Czech and Slovak Republics to examine why governments responded differently to church restitution claims. The case study provides both descriptive information about church property restitution in these two countries, very little of which exists in English, and explains why there is such a significant difference in policy timing and policy content. In the immediate postcommunist context there was political will to return extensive amount of property to churches. The failure to achieve this was a result of national tensions between the Czech and Slovak elites. Once the two countries were independent, however, policy developments follow paths more predictable, based on levels of religiosity and role of religion in national identity. It was the relationship between churches and the political party system and the position of other organized interest groups that determined when church property restitution laws passed and the form they took.
Testing for tunneling opens

A tunneling-open failure mode is proposed and carefully studied. A circuit with a tunneling open could pass at-speed Boolean tests but fail VLV testing or I/sub DDQ/ testing. Theoretical calculations as well as Boolean and I/sub DDQ/ experiments confirm the existence of tunneling opens. The Murphy experimental data show that seven out of nine VLV-only failure circuits can be explained by this failure mode. All these seven circuits survived 366 hours temperature burn-in. Finally, a cost effective screening strategy is proposed.
Money Doesn’t Stink. Or Does It? The Effect of Immorally Acquiring Money on Its Spending

Building on magical contagion literature, we show that the way in which money is acquired colors the perception of the money itself, and thus affect the way it is spent. In a hypothetical scenario participants who imagined acquiring money immorally (versus morally) experienced more guilt about the way in which they acquired it and spent less of it. Furthermore, in the immoral, but not the moral condition, guilt correlated significantly with spending: the greater the guilt, the less money was spent. We interpret this finding as stemming from individuals’ desire not to handle what they see as “dirty” money.
Continuous in-line processing of CdS/CdTe devices: Process control using XRF and efficient heating

A simple, quick, and non-destructive way to measure deposited Cu, used for back contact formation, and thickness of CdS and CdTe layers in the device is desirable for manufacturing process control. A simple X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) system was investigated for these measurements. Experiments show that 5 min. polychromatic XRF spectra can be used to measure CdTe and CdS thickness, and accurate 30 sec. measurements are possible. Statistical integrity of Cu XRF measurements was investigated. XRF measurements are able to differentiate Cu concentrations within 10% of nominal, making it useful for process control. A description of a new, improved in-line R&D deposition system is also presented. Thermal modeling results show the new NiCr wire based heating system will reach desired operating temperatures while providing opportunities for improved temperature uniformity and energy usage.
Communicating Air Quality Information: Experimental Evaluation of Alternative Formats

A long-running effort in environmental communication is daily publication of a report on local air pollution in many American newspapers based on the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI). A 1998 proposal by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to change the PSI prompted a survey experiment with 1,100 adults in Philadelphia, evaluating the proposed change's ability to better inform the populace. The effects of exposure to the old and new versions of the PSI, as well as health cautions and information about groups sensitive to air pollution, were compared with evaluation criteria suggested by Weinstein and Sandman (1993). Sample respondents had strong baseline concerns about air pollution. Descriptors of air quality (e.g., "good; " "unhealthy") were difficult to discriminate, particularly in the New format. Concern rose as hypothetical air pollution levels rose, but the New format (as well as PSI versions without health cautions or sensitive-group information) evoked a sharp discontinuity in concern between below- and above-standard pollution levels. Both Old and New formats reduced concern relative to no provision of PSI information at all, but the New format reduced concern significantly more than the Old version. No PSI format did particularly well at increasing knowledge of air pollution or decreasing intentions to be active outdoors during high pollution, contrary to the agency's aim. Although U.S. EPA has since adopted the new proposal as a national "Air Quality Index" requirement, the experiment's results illuminate the strengths and limitations of the new PSI as a means of informing citizens and motivating them to protect themselves.
Absorption properties of shoal-dominated waters in the Atchafalaya Shelf, Louisiana, USA

Spectral absorption coefficients of coloured dissolved organic matter (aCDOM(λ)) and particulate matter (ap(λ)) (phytoplankton (aPHY(λ)) plus non-algal particles (aNAP(λ)), measured on the shoal-dominated region off the Atchafalaya River (AR) Shelf, Louisiana, USA, are analysed, and their effect on chlorophyll-a retrievals from ocean-colour sensors examined. Compared to aCDOM(λ) and aNAP(λ), aPHY(λ) is relatively constant, with aCDOM(λ) and aNAP(λ) varying by approximately 1.2 and 1.8 times as much as aPHY(λ) at 443 nm, respectively. The specific aPHY(λ) (a*PHY(λ)) ranges from 0.006 to 0.0612 m-2(mg chla)-1 at 443 nm, which indicates a pigment-packaging effect or a variation in pigment composition. The aNAP(λ) accounts for approximately 3-93% of ap(λ) at 443 nm, with a higher contribution to ap(λ) during an October 2007 cruise (62-93%) as compared to an August 2007 cruise (31-89%). Our results indicate that aCDOM(λ) and aNAP(λ) collectively dominate light absorption, even at higher wavelengths where their effect is expected to be minimal. In situ and satellite data match-up of chlorophyll-a yield root-mean square errors of 2.17 and 2.62 for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), respectively. The non-covarying aCDOM(λ) and aNAP(λ), along with variable a*PHY(λ), greatly influenced the remote retrieval of biogeochemical variables using satellite ocean-colour algorithms in this region.
God versus technology? Science, secularity, and the theology of technology

Abstract. In debate with John Caiazza, we clarify the meaning of the terms technology and secular, arguing that technology is not really secular. Only when combined with antireligious secularism do we get the modern techno-secular worldview. Science is not secular in the strong sense, nor does its practice automatically lead to the techno-secular. As a complete worldview, techno-secularism is antireligious, but it also is dehumanizing and destructive of our environment. Religion may provide a transcendent source for a humanizing morality that might move technology in a more ecofriendly, humane direction. The alternative is not a happy one for our posthuman technological future.
A NEW LOOK AT THE CONSTITUENCIES: THE NEED FOR A RECOUNT AND A REAPPRAISAL

"Popular election from single-member districts is the prevailing method by which individual legislators are chosen," a Committee of the American Political Science Association reports.2 Every other authority concurs. Multi-member elections, all agree, are atypical. "With few exceptions," Ogg and Ray informed students, "senators and members of lower houses are chosen in small, single-member districts." Among other writers of the older texts, John Mathews cited "the prevalent system of ... single-member districts." Charles Beard asserted that "the rule of one member to each district is generally applied." The same assertion was made by the Willoughbys, Lindsay Rogers, James Garner, and others. "For the purpose of choosing their own legislatures," Willoughby and Rogers noted, "the states are divided into senatorial and representative districts from each of which one senator or one representative is elected."3 Present-day authors impart the same information. If the reader will pick at random a recent textbook which treats, even briefly, the election of state legislators, he is apt to find single-member districts described as "the general rule for both houses." More than likely he will read: "State legislatures are organized on a basis paralleling Congress." "On the state level we elect only one legislator from a given district." This is "the most striking characteristic of
Are traversal objects objects

Abstract Although usually considered intransitive as a class, motion verbs in Japanese and English appear to take direct objects. These ‘traversal objects’ do behave as direct objects in many tests of objecthood, including particle deletion, passiviza‐tion, case marking, and Quantifier Floating in Japanese and passivization in English. Other considerations, however, indicate that they are adverbial phrases located immediately below direct and indirect objects in an accessibility hierarchy to which the tests for objecthood are subject and are treated as direct objects only when no true direct objects are present.
The use of therapeutic interventions to reduce crowding-related arousal: A preliminary investigation

Studies of mass transportation crowding have universally shown that such crowding is arousing and often anxiety producing. Attempts to intervene to reduce arousal and anxiety have met with mixed results. In this study four therapeutically based interventions were used to reduce the arousal evoked by a laboratory analogue of mass transportation crowding. Subjects in the intervention conditions showed significantly fewer increases in pulse rate during crowding. Two of the intervention conditions showed significant decreases in skin conductance level when compared to subjects in an uninstructed crowded condition. An intervention which increased feelings of control over the environment resulted in a more positive view of the environment but did not decrease physiological arousal any more than interventions which did not increase perceived control.
Conceptual Performance of a Satellite Borne, Wide Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar

A satellite borne synthetic aperture radar can image a wide swath in the order of 700 km with one-look 100-m resolution. If the design meets the ambiguity constraints at the far edge of the swath, the maximum swath width is independent of both radar wavelength and shape of the physical antenna aperture. The antenna pattern can be a pencil beam scanned in the elevation plane, or a fan beam formed by a long antenna. The scanning pencil beam antenna may be a phased array or multiple-feed reflector which may be more practical than a long antenna to image a wide swath. Design performance trade computations are presented involving resolution, swath width, antenna area, average transmitter power and digital data rate.
T helper-cell leukemia/lymphoma: Presentation as an acute immune-mediated illness

A 36-year-old man presented with an acute immune-mediated illness characterized by leukocytoclastic vasculitis and polyarthritis. Evaluation of the synovial fluid, bone marrow, and peripheral blood revealed large numbers of abnormal lymphoid cells labeling a 4B4-positive, CD4-positive, IL-2 receptor-negative, helper T cells. Hypergammaglobulinemia, immune complexes, high levels of serum IL-2 receptors, serum antibodies against foreign alloantigens, and specific cytolysis of the patient's leukemic cells by his normal CD8+ T lymphocytes suggest an interaction of the malignant cells and his normal immune cells. Thus, some of the rheumatologic symptoms leading to the diagnosis of leukemia appear to reflect an immunoregulatory imbalance manifested by B-cell hyperactivity, likely induced by the malignant helper T cells, and attempted regulation of his malignant T cells by normal lymphocytes.
Effects of a vasopressin antagonist with combined antipressor and antiantidiuretic activities in rats with left ventricular dysfunction.

These experiments assessed the hemodynamic and aquaretic effects of an arginine vasopressin (AVP) antagonist with dual V1V2-receptor inhibiting properties in rats with congestive heart failure resulting from ischemic cardiomyopathy. The compound d(CH2)5-D-Tyr(Et)VAVP was used in these studies. Rats with limited or extensive myocardial infarcts (i.e., with less than 50% or greater than 66% necrosis of the left ventricular wall, respectively, induced by left coronary ligation) and sham-operated controls received the AVP antagonist (100 micrograms/kg i.v.) 4 weeks later. This agent produced an 18% increase in cardiac output (p less than 0.05) and 13% decrease in systemic vascular resistance in the severely damaged rats, both changes being significantly different from those seen in the normal controls or the rats with limited infarcts. All animals exhibited increases in urinary output of 4-10-fold over baseline. We conclude that the hemodynamic and renal effects of this agent are beneficial in animals with left ventricular dysfunction.
A comparison of multi-segment foot kinematics during level overground and treadmill walking.

Previous work comparing treadmill and overground walking has focused on lower extremity motion and kinetics, with few identified differences. However, a comparison of multi-segment foot kinematics between these conditions has not been previously reported. Sagittal ankle motion using a single rigid body foot model and three-dimensional hindfoot and forefoot kinematics were compared during barefoot, level, overground walking at a self-selected speed and treadmill walking at a similar speed for 20 healthy adults. Slight differences were seen in ankle plantarflexion and hindfoot plantarflexion during first rocker, as well as peak forefoot eversion and abduction, however all changes were less than 3°, and most were within the day-to-day repeatability. These results indicate that foot mechanics as determined using a multi-segment foot model were similar between overground and treadmill walking at similar speeds in healthy adults. Treadmill protocols may provide a controlled method to analyze a patient's ability to adapt to walking at different speeds and surface slopes, which are encountered often during ambulation of daily living.
Diagnostic Radiology of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) are an effective method for treating the complications of portal hypertension. Specific indications for TIPS include secondary prevention of variceal bleeding and refractory ascites. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of diagnostic radiology in the creation and assessment of TIPS, to highlight the complications that can occur post-TIPS, and to critically evaluate the literature regarding ultrasound evaluation of TIPS.
Trehalose Is a Key Determinant of the Quiescent Metabolic State That Fuels Cell Cycle Progression upon Return to Growth

When conditions are unfavorable, virtually all living cells have the capability of entering a resting state termed quiescence or G0. Many aspects of the quiescence program as well as the mechanisms governing the entry and exit from quiescence remain poorly understood. Previous studies using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that upon entry into stationary phase, a quiescent cell population emerges that is heavier in density than nonquiescent cells. Here, we show that total intracellular trehalose and glycogen content exhibits substantial correlation with the density of individual cells both in stationary phase batch cultures and during continuous growth. During prolonged quiescence, trehalose stores are often maintained in favor over glycogen, perhaps to fulfill its numerous stress-protectant functions. Immediately upon exit from quiescence, cells preferentially metabolize trehalose over other fuel sources. Moreover, cells lacking trehalose initiate growth more slowly and frequently exhibit poor survivability. Together, our results support the view that trehalose, which is more stable than other carbohydrates, provides an enduring source of energy that helps drive cell cycle progression upon return to growth.
Concentration Limits for n-Butane Low Temperature Flames

Abstract The spontaneous ignition composition limits of four flame systems—cool, blue, yellow plume and transition—have been mapped out for the n-butane system in a dynamic flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. The cool and blue flames occur within as well as outside the fuel-oxidizer concentration limits for n-butane hot flames.
Hannah Arendt on the Power of Creative Making in a World of Plural Cultures

Since culture is a form of poēsis and thus carries the danger of monologism and domination, and since today political “conflicts are increasingly defined from a cultural standpoint,” the question this paper addresses is whether culture can affect politics other than as a form of conflict and political aestheticism. Put differently: can culture become a source of communication and dialogue in politics? The answer this paper proposes is that culture can do so not by uncompromisingly divorcing praxis from any association with poēsis, but by making a distinction between two forms of poēsis. I argue that there are good grounds in Hannah Arendt's conception of the human condition and of the life of the mind to think that a distinction is possible between, on the one hand, technical, and thus non-creative, making and, on the other hand, metaphorical, imaginative, and creative making. It is the work of art that, through the joint employment of taste and polyphonic authorship, brings culture into politics in a man...
The Mechanism of Variegation in immutans Provides Insight into Chloroplast Biogenesis.

Abstract: The immutans (im) variegation mutant of Arabidopsis has green and white-sectored leaves due to the absence of fully functional PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase), a plastoquinol oxidase in thylakoid membranes. PTOX appears to be at the nexus of a growing number of biochemical pathways in the plastid, including carotenoid biosynthesis, PSI cyclic electron flow, and chlororespiration. During the early steps of chloroplast biogenesis, PTOX serves as an alternate electron sink and is a prime determinant of the redox poise of the developing photosynthetic apparatus. Whereas a lack of PTOX causes the formation of photooxidized plastids in the white sectors of im, compensating mechanisms allow the green sectors to escape the effects of the mutation. This manuscript provides an update on PTOX, the mechanism of immutans variegation, and findings about im compensatory mechanisms.
Human Resource and Organizational Management Content in the Hospitality Curriculum: How the Professionals View It

In this study the authors investigate the importance professionals working in the hospitality industry attach to key content areas taught in hospitality human resource and organizational management courses as they relate to the success of hospitality graduates. The authors also sought to determine if differences existed between various demographic subgroups based on industry segment, position, industry experience, and educational attainment. Results indicated practitioners perceived both human resource and organizational management expertise as critical but placed greater importance on organizational management knowledge. Analysis of the demographic subgroups identified differences in perception but only a few of these rose to the level of significance.
Endothelin ETB receptor-mediated constriction in the rabbit basilar artery

The present study tests whether endothelin ET(B) receptor activation can mediate endothelin-1 constriction in the rabbit basilar artery in situ. Endothelin-1 (30 nM) induced 27% constriction of vessels pretreated with 1 microM BQ610 (homopiperidenyl-CO-Leu-DTrp (CHO)-D-Trp-OH), an endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, and the resulting constriction was completely relaxed by BQ788 (N-cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl L-gamma-MeLeu-D-Trp (COOCH3)-Nle), an endothelin ET(B) receptor antagonist. Similarly, 30 nM endothelin-1 induced 30% constriction of vessels pretreated with 1 microM BQ788, and the resulting constriction was completely relaxed by BQ610. In contrast, sarafotoxin S6c, an endothelin ET(B) receptor agonist, did not induce constriction. This study suggests that in the basilar artery (1) endothelin ET(B) receptor activation can result in constriction and (2) the ability to elicit constriction is in some way dependent upon the agonist that activates the endothelin ET(B) receptor.
The concept of disability in bioethics: theoretical and clinical issues.

(2001). The Concept of Disability in Bioethics: Theoretical and Clinical Issues. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 46-48.
LibQual+TM in Lilliput: assessment benefits for small academic libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how small, academic libraries may realize significant benefits from employing LibQual+TM as an assessment of customer needs and expectations, stressing that these benefits may vary by the actual size of the institution.Design/methodology/approach – Catawba College compared its experience utilizing LibQual+TM with that of Washburn University, reported by Dole as a small, academic library application of the survey. Catawba College is a private, liberal arts college that is much smaller than Washburn, with one‐quarter the student body and faculty. This paper examines the assessment experience of the two small institutions and compares the different advantages and disadvantages of using LibQual+TM within these two different types of small, academic institutions.Findings – The study found that a larger response rate was realized than that of the larger of the two institutions, especially by faculty, and suggests that this is due to the nature of the small coll...
Impaired Visual Habituation in Adults with ADHD.

Objective: Habituation has an important role in attention. By reducing one’s sensitivity to a constant source of stimulation, it frees up attention resources to process new distinct items. Impaired habituation may disrupt sustained attention via inability to modulate the repeated intrusion of irrelevant stimuli. Method: Using Troxler fading, this study investigated habituation to peripheral stimuli in adults with ADHD. A total of 41 adults (21 ADHD and 20 controls) participated in the study. Results: Adults with ADHD were slower to habituate to peripheral stimuli. Conclusion: The findings suggest that impaired habituation may explain the clinical symptoms associated with adult ADHD.
A new treatment for furunculosis (sulfamethylthiazol)

Summary These three cases show the effects of sulfamethylthiazol in the treatment of furuneulosis in infants. However, the drug must not be used unless there is careful observation. In one case, there was a toxic rash which could scarcely be ascribed to anything but the drug. The vomiting in that case may or may not have been due to the drug, since the boy had been in the ward a long time and had frequently had periods of vomiting. Of a much more serious nature is the neutropenia which developed in the first case. However, this developed only after prolonged use. That the drug had the effect it did in the first case is very encouraging, because this case was the most severe case of furunculosis that any of us had seen. It should be noted, however, that on the tenth day after medication was started in this case, the abscesses still showed positive cultures.
An experimental culture system for macroalgae and other aquatic life

Abstract A small-scale culture system originally designed for seaweed culture ( Sargassum muticum and Egregia menziesii ) is described. The versatility, low cost, and reliability of the tank make the design applicable to experimentation with a wide variety of aquatic organisms. Sectioned polyvinyl chloride (PVC) irrigation pipe is divided with plexiglass partitions to form a wide variety of tank volumes. Seawater flow and nutrient additions are controlled so that nutrient uptake can be measured and regulated. Protection systems are included that allow the system to operate without frequent monitoring and adjustment. A second system for studying the effect of water motion is also described.
First-year Residents Who Began Their Graduate Medical Education in 2009–2010 and Found Their Positions Within and Outside the Nrmp Match

PURPOSE Analysts who assess trends in medical specialty choice often use statistics published by the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), but a substantial minority of new residents find their positions outside of the NRMP. Rule changes to be implemented by the NRMP in 2013 may have a substantial impact on this behavior.The author quantified and characterized residents who found their positions outside of the NRMP. Using available data, the author was able to distinguish those who were unsuccessful in the NRMP from those who did not register and those who registered but failed to enter a rank order list of preferred programs. METHOD NRMP data on applicants in 2009 (n = 36,971) were combined with data from the national resident census contained in the GMETrack system on residents who began their graduate medical education in 2009-2010 (n = 25,432). Residents were classified into categories based on their participation in the NRMP and their success in matching to a position, and by the type of medical school from which they graduated. RESULTS Applicants who matched in the NRMP were 79.8% of new residents in first-year residency positions (n = 20,287). An additional 5.2% (n = 1,325) participated in the NRMP but were unsuccessful in matching. Aside from a small number of military residents, the remaining 13.7% (n = 3,488) found positions without participating in the NRMP Match. CONCLUSIONS Workforce studies that rely on NRMP statistics alone to establish national trends are seriously deficient.
SOLE: scalable on-line execution of continuous queries on spatio-temporal data streams

This paper presents the scalable on-line execution (SOLE) algorithm for continuous and on-line evaluation of concurrent continuous spatio-temporal queries over data streams. Incoming spatio-temporal data streams are processed in-memory against a set of outstanding continuous queries. The SOLE algorithm utilizes the scarce memory resource efficiently by keeping track of only the significant objects. In-memory stored objects are expired (i.e., dropped) from memory once they become insignificant. SOLE is a scalable algorithm where all the continuous outstanding queries share the same buffer pool. In addition, SOLE is presented as a spatio-temporal join between two input streams, a stream of spatio-temporal objects and a stream of spatio-temporal queries. To cope with intervals of high arrival rates of objects and/or queries, SOLE utilizes a load-shedding approach where some of the stored objects are dropped from memory. SOLE is implemented as a pipelined query operator that can be combined with traditional query operators in a query execution plan to support a wide variety of continuous queries. Performance experiments based on a real implementation of SOLE inside a prototype of a data stream management system show the scalability and efficiency of SOLE in highly dynamic environments.
Blind channel estimation and detection for space--time coded CDMA in ISI channels

In order to accommodate high data-rate applications, there is a significant interest in extending space-time (ST) coding, originally proposed for frequency-nonselective channels assumed known to the receiver, to unknown ISI (inter-symbol interference) channels. In this paper, we consider the problem of blind channel identification and linear multiuser receiver design for ST-coded CDMA (code-division multiple-access) systems operating in frequency-selective fading channels. We investigate the identifiability conditions and present a subspace-based blind channel estimator for such systems. To assess the performance of the proposed and other potential estimators, we derive an unconditional Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) which, similarly to the proposed blind channel estimator, does not assume the knowledge of the transmitted information symbols. We discuss various linear multiuser detection schemes that can be used in conjunction with the proposed channel estimator for symbol demodulation in ST-coded CDMA systems. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed channel estimator and linear detectors in multipath Rayleigh fading channels.
Strain and hysteresis by stochastic matrix cracking in ceramic matrix composites

A theory is presented to predict the stress/strain relations and unload/reload hysteresis behavior during the evolution of multiple matrix cracking in unidirectional fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The theory is based on the similarity between multiple matrix cracking and fiber fragmentation in a single fiber composite, and determines the crack and strain evolution as a function of the statistical distribution of initial flaws in the material, the interfacial sliding resistance tau, and the thermal residual stresses in the composite. The model properly includes matrix fragments of all lengths, from lengths smaller than the current slip length delta(sigma) to larger than 2 delta(sigma), at applied stress sigma, and accounts for their respective and differing contributions to the overall strain and hysteresis behavior of the composite. The procedure by which experimental stress/strain and hysteresis data can be interpreted to derive values for the interfacial shear stress, thermal stresses, and intrinsic matrix flaw distribution is discussed. The actual physical crack spacing needs only to be determined at one load level, such as post-fracture, which greatly simplifies the data acquisition and analysis. Several detailed examples are presented, and the results compared with a widely-used approach in which the crack spacing is assumed constant and equal to the average spacing obtained directly from experiment. The discrepancy between the previous and present theories is manifest in an incorrect estimate for the interfacial sliding, but only by approximately 10%. The effect of changing temperature, and hence residual stresses, without changing either matrix flaws or interfacial sliding resistance, is studied. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.