cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In situ and ex situ functionalization of nanostructured gallium oxy‐hydroxide with a porphyrin dye

The surface attachment of a porphyrin dye to nanocrystalline GaOOH was performed using two routes of solution-based functionalization. The first method of functionalization utilized an in situ incorporation of dissolved porphyrin salt in solution during the microwave synthesis step. Additionally, synthesized GaOOH nanorods were mixed in porphyrin solution after the microwave process to make an ex situ GaOOH/TTP-PO-3 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of expected surface species and provided evidence of increased surface coverage of TTP-PO3 on GaOOH in the ex situ- GaOOH/TTP-PO3 as compared to the in situ one. Size and morphology changes were investigated using SEM and, along with analysis of XRD, the in situ samples showed larger crystallite sizes. This was confirmed with PL due to the higher bandgap energy evident in the ex situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 compared to the in situ sample. A stability study was performed using fluorescence spectroscopy which indicated no leaching of porphyrin from the in situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 . However, porphyrin leaching was evident from the ex situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 sample. The stability of the in situ GaOOH/TTP-PO3 makes it attractive for a number of interfacial applications. SCANNING 38:671-683, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex and age affect vulnerability of desert rodents to owl predation

Pelvic morphology was examined to distinguish sexes of three prey species eaten by great horned owls, and age classes of one of these species. Comparisons of sex ratios in prey populations with frequencies of males and females in owl diets indicated that male Dipodomys ordii and female Peromyscus maniculatus were more vulnerable to owl predation than the opposite sexes of these species. Furthermore, juvenile Microtus montanus were more vulnerable than adults and, within the juveniles, females were more vulnerable than males. We examined morphological (body size) and behavioral (degree of activity) attributes of these prey species, and concluded that either morphology or behavior may facilitate differential vulnerability in Dipodomys , whereas behavioral differences between sex and age classes are more likely to account for differential vulnerability in Microtus . For Peromyscus there are no body size or activity differences between sexes that are consistent with differential vulnerability, but body weights of female Peromyscus are more variable than weights of males, which could promote female-biased vulnerability if predators select large prey.
Shock Wave as a Mechanism of Injury in Soft Tissues

The aim of this study is to investigate the propagation of shock waves and self-preserving waves in soft tissues such as aorta and brain as a mechanism of injury in high rate loading conditions as seen in blunt trauma and blast-induced trauma (BIT). It is shown that such phenomena can only be seen in nonlinear viscoelastic materials and the existing linear and quasi-linear models predict only decaying waves. Based on the results of this study, it is shown that when studying such high-rate loading conditions as in a blast, it is critical to consider the discontinuities predicted in strain and stress in certain realistic initial conditions to accurately determine the extent of soft tissue injuries.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
THE INFLUENCE OF POPULATION SIZE AND ISOLATION ON GENE FLOW BY POLLEN IN SILENE ALBA

In a series of experiments conducted over two seasons, we used arrays of experimental populations to examine the effects of flower number and distance between patches on gene flow by pollen. For this study we used the dioecious, short-lived perennial plant Silene alba (Caryophyllaceae). This species lives in disturbed roadside and agricultural habitats and displays a weedy population dynamic with high colonization and extinction rates. The motivation for the study was to understand what factors may be influencing genetic connectedness among newly colonized populations within a regional metapopulation. By using experimental populations composed of genotypes homozygous at a diagnostic locus, it was possible to identify explicitly pollen movement into a focal patch as a function of flower number and distance to the nearest neighboring patch. Overall, the mean immigration rate (measured as the fraction of seeds sired by males outside the focal patch) at 20 m was just over 47%, whereas at 80 m immigration rates were less than 6%. In addition, by knowing the context in which each of these gene-flow events occurred, it was possible to understand some of the factors that influenced the exchange of genes. Both the number of flowers in the focal population (target) and in the neighboring populations (source) had a significant effect on the frequency of gene flow. Our experimental data also demonstrate that factors that influence gene flow at one spatial scale may not act in the same way at another. Specifically, the influence of target size and the relative size of the target and source patches on rates of gene flow depended on whether the patches were separated by 20 m or 80 m. These data suggest that the patterns of gene flow within a metapopulation system can be complex and may vary within a growing season.
The influence of therapist variance on the dependability of therapists' alliance scores: a brief comment on "The dependability of alliance assessments: the alliance-outcome correlation is larger than you think" (Crits-Christoph et al., 2011).

OBJECTIVE Crits-Christoph, Connolly Gibbons, Hamilton, Ring-Kurtz, and Gallop (2011) used generalizability theory to critique the measurement of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy research, showing that the dependability of alliance scores may be quite low, which in turn can lead to attenuated alliance-outcome correlation estimates. METHOD AND RESULTS Two extensions to Crits-Christoph et al.'s critique are presented that can greatly influence dependability of therapist scores and are particularly relevant to researchers wishing to study process-outcome correlations at the therapist level. Specifically, the authors show how the intraclass correlation and the number of therapists affect both the magnitude and precision of generalizability coefficients. CONCLUSIONS The authors note that attending to issues raised in this article and Crits-Christoph et al. (2011) in future process-outcome research will improve the accuracy of the conclusions about process-outcome correlations.
On the Equivalence of Two Tests for Testing Hypotheses About Two Correlated Proportions

Hypotheses of the following kind often arise in biometrics. One wishes to test whether the probability of a positive response is equal for two drugs. If the proportions of positive responses for drugs one and two are obtained from the same subjects and are respectively denoted by ', and 2, ,then the hypothesis of interest is Ho: E(51) = E(52) =r. (1) Two tests of (1) are provided by AII , the McNemar Statistic (McNemar [1947]), and the minimum X12 statistic (Neyman [1949]). Given a sample of size N, one can show that
Synthesis and biological activities of N-(3-carboxylpropyl)-5-amino-2-hydroxy-3-tridecyl-1,4-benzoquinone and analogues.

The synthesis of benzoquinone natural product 2 and three analogues is described. The synthesized compounds were tested for their ability to protect Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) lymphocytes from induced oxidative stress. One of the analogues (3) conferred cytoprotection in a dose-dependent manner in FRDA lymphocytes at micromolar concentrations. The biological assays suggest that the modification of the 2-hydroxy and N-(3-carboxypropyl) groups in the natural product can improve its antioxidant activity and significantly enhance its ability to protect mitochondrial function under conditions of oxidative stress.
Effect of Sandbag Barrier on Surface Particle Size of Sand Dunes

As a new kind of sand-fixing material,PLA fiber is used to form sandbag barrier by filling with sand and setting these cylindrical sandbags on the sand dunes,which can change the near-surface sand flow structure,surface roughness and other factors effectively.In order to understand the influence of PLA sand barrier on surface particle size of sand dunes,soil samples from 0 to 11 cm have been taken in dunes laid with sand barriers and the control dune,and the average particle size has been measured with Rise-2008 laser particle size analyser for contrasting the difference of average particle size between PLA sand barrier in different specification and position and the control dune.The results show that comparing the PLA sand barriers in 1 m×1 m,2 m×2 m and 3 m×3 m,the smaller the average particle size is,the higher the specification of PLA sand barrier is,which is bigger than the control dune obviously(p0.005).The averge particle size in windward slope,slope top and leeward slop laid sand barriers are 11.4%,26.8% and 1.8% higher than the control dune seperately.The average particle size in slope top is the highest,the one in windward slope is the second and the one in leeward slope is the lowest,which the trend is consistent with the control.
Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal a Rotationally Fluid Adsorption State of α-Pinene on Silica

A rotationally fluid state of α-pinene at fused silica/vapor interfaces is revealed by computational and experimental vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) studies. We report the first assignment of the vibrational modes in the notoriously congested C–H stretching region of α-pinene and identify its bridge methylene group on the four-membered ring (“βCH2”) as the origin of its dominant spectral feature. We find that the spectra are perfused with Fermi resonances that need to be accounted for explicitly in the computation of vibrational spectra of strained hydrocarbons such as α-pinene. The preferred orientations of α-pinene are consistent with optimization of van der Waals contacts with the silica surface that results in a bimodal distribution of highly fluxional orientations in which the βCH2 group points “towards” or “away from” the surface. Classical molecular dynamics simulations further provide rotational diffusion constants of 49 ± 1 ps and 2580 ± 60 ps, which are attributed to two broad types ...
Systematic review of interleukin-12, interleukin-17, and interleukin-23 pathway inhibitors for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: ustekinumab, briakinumab, tildrakizumab, guselkumab, secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab.

Background:Monoclonal antibodies known as biologic agents specifically targeted against interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-17A (IL-17), and interleukin-23 (IL-23) have been the focus of research f...
Understanding Instructor Nonverbal Immediacy, Verbal Immediacy, and Student Motivation at a Small Liberal Arts University

Abstract Instructor communication behaviors and student motivation to learn relationships were studied at a small liberal arts university. Specifically, relationships between instructor nonverbal immediacy, verbal immediacy behaviors and student motivation to learn were measured. Only instructor verbal immediacy behaviors had a significant linear regression relationship result with student motivation to learn. These results from a small liberal arts university are discussed in reference to previous research that measured these variables primarily at research universities. The results and implications are addressed for instructors and administrators.
Preservice Teachers’ Perspective Transformations as Social Change Agents:

In this article, we investigate whether, and in what ways, the learning experiences in a capstone course in reflective teaching impact the perspective transformations (PT) of preservice teachers to...
Readmission after spinal cord injury: analysis of an institutional cohort of 795 patients

BACKGROUND Recent studies in other fields have suggested that healthcare on the weekend may have worse outcomes. In particular, patients with stroke and acute cardiovascular events have shown worse outcomes with weekend treatment. It is unclear whether this extends to patients with spinal cord injury. This study was designed to evaluate factors for readmission after index hospitalization for spinal cord injury. METHODS A total of 795 consecutive patients over an 11-year period were analyzed. After excluding patients with chronic spinal cord injury and surgical care at an outside hospital, 745 patients remained. The primary outcome measure evaluated was 30-day readmission. Secondary measures include perioperative complications, readmission rate when discharged on the weekend, and the effect of race and insurance status on readmission rate. Univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to evaluate the covariates collected. The χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, and linear and logistic regression methods were utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 745 patients were analyzed after exclusions. Payer status did not affect length of stay, ICU length of stay, or perioperative complications. Neither weekend admission nor weekend operation affected length of stay, ICU length of stay, or readmission by 30 days. Patients undergoing weekend surgical treatment had lower perioperative complication rates (2.2% vs. 6.5% on weekday, P<0.01). Discharge on the weekend was associated with a significantly lower rate of readmission by 30 days (OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.009-0.525, P<0.005). Payer status was associated with 30-day readmission (P<0.005). Patients with Medicare (20.8%) and Medicaid (20.1%) showed higher rates of readmission than patients with other payers. 21.1% of African-American patients were readmitted, versus 10.2% of other patients (Odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.36-3.27, P<0.001). Correcting for payer status lessened but did not eliminate the effect of race on readmission. CONCLUSIONS Weekend admission did not increase perioperative complications or hospital length of stay. After discharge, patients with Medicaid and Medicare show higher rates of 30-day readmission, as do African-American patients. The effect of race on readmission is multifactorial, and may partially explained by the increased rate of Medicaid coverage in African-Americans in our institutions catchment area.
Factors Predictive of Seizure Outcome in New-Onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

A community-based cohort of 77 children with new-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were followed prospectively and reviewed at 7 and 14 years after seizure onset, and clinical, EEG, and neuroimaging findings and seizure outcome are reported from the Royal Children's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Australia, and Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Relationship of Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders to OCD

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) have demonstrated considerable presence and impact among clinical populations. As consistent with any treatment approach, necessary intervention among these disorders begins with a comprehensive evaluation of client’s symptoms, with particular attention placed on potential comorbidities. Common practice among clinicians identifies exposure and response prevention (ERP) as a first line treatment of OCD. However, among client’s demonstrating BFRBs, habit reversal therapy (HRT) or novel emotion-based treatments (e.g., acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy [AEBT], dialectical behavioral therapy [DBT]) are used. Such therapies have demonstrated significant efficacy among their respective disorders. Notably, depending upon disorder severity, medications may also be suggested. Given frequent comorbidity between OCD and BFRBs, it is recommended that clinicians adequately modify interventions when presented with clients demonstrating such comorbid behaviors, perhaps combining effective facets of multiple approaches (see discussion below). From a pharmacological perspective, burgeoning research identifies two potential interventions applicable to both OCD and BFRBs (e.g., silymarin and n-acetyl-cysteine); however, given the novelty of this research, we recommend caution with use of such therapies. While current studies suggest potential efficacy, further research examining such pharmacological interventions is necessary.
Using our voices, losing our bodies: Michael Brown, Trayvon Martin, and the spirit murders of Black male professors in the academy

The recent deaths of Michael Brown, Trayvon Martin, and other Black males have generated new civil rights urgencies in Black communities and spirited academic discourses in higher education regardi...
Efficient Algorithm to Compute PDEs on the Grid

This presentation will discuss the design of numerically efficient algorithm to solve PDEs on the Grid. Efficiency of numerical algorithms are strongly dependent on the features of computer architecture. In western countries the architecture of large scale parallel computer is essentially driven by industrial cost. Large “Uniform” Multi-Processors Architecture are replaced progressively by Multiclusters Architecture or Beowulf systems that are cheaper. In such architecture Communication and/or memory access is generally very slow compare to the speed of the cpu units. Further cpu units may have several levels of cache and memory. It is then very difficult to achieve peak performance even on a single computer. The situation does not seems to improve: cpu flops still increases by a factor 2 every 18 months while bandwidth to access the memory is improving very slowly. An extreme situation is grid computing for which networks are at least one or two order of magnitude slower than internal network of parallel architecture. It is therefore a general problem to design numerical algorithm that can keep parallel efficiency in such environment. Meta-computing is a good test bed because it is probably the most challenging situation to achieve efficiency of a numerical scheme. Any numerical algorithm that will be efficient on Metacomputing Architecture such as a grid of parallel computers linked by a slow network should be of interest for large ASCI machine as well. There are some simple general idea that one may keep in mind to design numerical algorithm for PDE applications in grid environment: – For Wave propagation phenomenon: Speed of propagation of data in Memory should be the analogue of the speed of propagation of waves. - For Heat Transfer: Domain of influence of data in memory should be set according to decay of heat in space, i.e finite size depending on the level of accuracy. - For Steady flow: Data representation and space dependencies should match the memory Hierarchy. - For data transfer in Network, one may split the significant digits corresponding to required accuracy from the digits required for stability only. As a matter of fact in most of the applications, one look for a numerical result within one per cent accuracy and the need to carry all digits in communications should be review according to stability theory. In this paper we will concentrate on domain decomposition methods that are particularly efficient for large scale metacomputing.
Hacking agency: Apps, autism, and neurodiversity

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the complex relationship between agency and technology. I compare autism apps developed by Samsung and Toca Boca and show that while app marketing retains a human-centered notion of agency, user–app interactions distribute agency through a constellation of human and nonhuman actors. The divergence between marketing and use, as well as critiques about agency and technology within disability studies, motivates my argument for hacking agency. Whether in computer or knowledge networks, hacking is a critical process that exploits information silos for particular ends. In this essay, I seek to broaden notions of rhetorical capacity and challenge narrow approaches to intentionality so as to facilitate the attribution of agency across the neurological spectrum.
An Evolutionary Concept Analysis of Compassion Fatigue.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to fill the need for an updated concept analysis of compassion fatigue. Methods This review used Rodgers’ Evolutionary Model to direct the analysis of 25 papers published between 2005 and 2015. This review focused strictly on healthcare providers in the formal healthcare setting. Conclusions The authors provided an analysis of the evolution of compassion fatigue and identified surrogate terms, attributes and defining characteristics, and antecedents and consequences of the term, true to Rodgers’ Evolutionary Model. Related terms are also discussed and a brief case model is provided. Clinical Relevance A better understanding of compassion fatigue will allow researchers and clinicians to identify its causes, prevention, and treatment. This could impact the rate at which healthcare providers leave clinical practice and their ability to compassionately engage with patients.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO UNIQUE PROTEASE INHIBITORS AND A CALCIUM-ACTIVATED PROTEASE FROM BOVINE CARDIAC MUSCLE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the characterization of two unique protease inhibitors and a calcium-activated protease from bovine cardiac muscle. The existence of a factor (KAF) in rabbit skeletal muscle that was capable of activating phosphorylase kinase in the presence of calcium was first described by Krebs and co-workers and, subsequently, shown to be a protease that both required calcium for its activity and yet was highly unstable in its presence. Casein was prepared for use as a protease substrate. An attempt was made to isolate a calcium-activated protease from bovine cardiac muscle as a by-product of the procedure utilized in the laboratory for the purification of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. The calcium-activated protease inhibitor is unusually large and is present in excess over the protease.
What do we value in procedural content generation

Generative systems embody and promote values through their design. This position paper discusses common values in existing PCG systems and suggests alternate, contrasting values that could lead to new kinds of PCG research and practice. There is a need for criticality and awareness of the values we embed in our work, and for consciously reflecting upon our shared values as a community.
Identification and Characterization of Mammalian Cell Membrane Receptors for LPS-Endotoxin

Central to the concept of host defense against potentially lethal invasion by infectious microbes is the capacity of the host to distinguish self from non-self. To this end, the mammalian host has evolved multiple recognition systems by which non-self may be readily distinguished from self. Such discrimination systems exist at many levels, from the relatively simple, yet elegant, mechanisms for polysaccharide-dependent recognition of non-self by factors B, D and C3b of the alternative complement pathway, to the sophisticated major histocompatibility complex-mediated presentation of non-self peptides to membrane-localized T-lymphocyte multicomplement receptors. In other, considerably less complex, recognition systems, antigen binding to surface-localized immunoglobulins on B lymphocytes serves as a relative direct mechanism for host recognition of non-self. In both T and B-lymphocyte-mediated recognition of non-self, however, the receptor repertoire is extensive, with an acknowledged diversity approaching one billion specificities. The existence of such diverse, immunologically-specific, host recognition systems is central to survival of multicellular eukaryotic systems in an environment of abundant prokaryotic life forms.
Endoscopic and Histologic Features of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Colitis

Background Diarrhea and colitis are the second most common immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI)-induced adverse events. However, a comprehensive characterization of the endoscopic and histologic features of ICPI-induced diarrhea and colitis is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to describe endoscopic and histologic features of ICPI-induced gastrointestinal toxicities and to assess their association with patients' clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed records of 53 patients with ICPI-related diarrhea/colitis between 2011 and 2017. We collected data on demographics, diarrhea/colitis grade, treatment, and endoscopic and histologic findings. Long-term follow-up included repeat endoscopy findings, diarrhea recurrence, and overall survival. We compared groups by treatment, endoscopic and histologic findings, and constructed Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results Most patients had grade 2 or higher diarrhea (87%) and colitis (60%). Thirty-one patients were successfully treated with corticosteroids, and 22 additionally required infliximab. On endoscopy, 21 (40%) patients had ulcerations and 22 (42%) had nonulcerative inflammation. Patients with ulcerations had more steroid-refractory disease (P = 0.044) and high-grade diarrhea (P = 0.033). Histology showed mostly acute (23%) or chronic (60%) inflammation. During mean follow-up duration of 18.9 months, 19 (36%) developed recurrent diarrhea. Most patients had persistent endoscopic (8/13, 62%) and histologic (9/11, 82%) inflammation. Patients with higher-grade adverse events had improved survival. Higher-grade colitis was associated with endoscopic inflammation (P = 0.039), but grade of diarrhea was not associated with endoscopic inflammation or grade of colitis. Conclusion 10.1093/ibd/izy104_video1izy104.video15808053084001.
Single-cell mapping of gene expression landscapes and lineage in the zebrafish embryo

High-throughput mapping of cellular differentiation hierarchies from single-cell data promises to empower systematic interrogations of vertebrate development and disease. Here we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to >92,000 cells from zebrafish embryos during the first day of development. Using a graph-based approach, we mapped a cell-state landscape that describes axis patterning, germ layer formation, and organogenesis. We tested how clonally related cells traverse this landscape by developing a transposon-based barcoding approach (TracerSeq) for reconstructing single-cell lineage histories. Clonally related cells were often restricted by the state landscape, including a case in which two independent lineages converge on similar fates. Cell fates remained restricted to this landscape in embryos lacking the chordin gene. We provide web-based resources for further analysis of the single-cell data.
Power of a Learning Network in Congenital Heart Disease.

Background:The National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC) formed to improve outcomes in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The collaborative sought to (1) ...
Heat transfer through skin with and without osteoderms in the American alligator

Ability of osteoderms to participate in thermoregulation has been tacitly assumed on the basis of their relatively superficial dermal location and rich vascular supply. Osteoderms’ catholic distrib...
Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on sow and progeny performance, fecal consistency, and fecal microbes during gestation, lactation, and nursery periods1,2.

This study evaluated the effects of providing a dietary probiotic, Bacillus subtilis C-3102, to sows during gestation and lactation and to progeny after weaning on performance, fecal consistency, and fecal microbes. For the sow portion of the study, 29 sows and litters were used from day 30 of gestation until weaning. Sow treatments consisted of control diet or probiotic diet with B. subtilis C-3102 at 500,000 cfu/g of gestation feed and 1,000,000 cfu/g of lactation feed. For the nursery portion of the study, 358 weaned pigs, progeny of sows on study, were used in a 42-d nursery study. Nursery treatments consisted of control diet or probiotic diet with B. subtilis C-3102 and prebiotics at 500,000 cfu/g of nursery feed. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with sow treatment (control or probiotic diet) as main plot and nursery treatment (control or probiotic diet) as subplot. Performance, fecal consistency by fecal score method, and fecal microbes by isolation and enumeration method were assessed. In lactation, probiotic-fed sows tended (P = 0.057) to have increased feed intake, but it did not improve (P > 0.05) sow or litter performance in lactation. In the nursery, there were no (P > 0.10) interactions or main effects of sow or nursery treatments on overall growth performance. However, pigs born from control-fed sows had greater (P 0.05) of sow or nursery treatments on fecal consistency. Fecal microbial analysis revealed a modest modification in fecal microbial population by increasing (P < 0.05) the number of total Bacillus sp. in probiotic-fed sows and nursery pigs. Nursing piglets born from probiotic-fed sows carried over (P < 0.05) this modification in fecal microbial population preweaning. In conclusion, providing a probiotic based on B. subtilis C-3102 to sows during gestation and lactation and to progeny after weaning did not elicit noteworthy improvements in performance or fecal consistency, but there was a benefit on sow lactation feed intake. Fecal microbial analysis indicated a maternal-progeny intestinal microbiota relationship with pigs born from probiotic-fed sows displaying similar fecal microbial population as sows. However, pigs born from probiotic-fed sows demonstrated reduced growth rate and feed consumption in late nursery.
Abstract 215: Fenugreek Seeds Inhibit Hepatic VLDL Overproduction by Attenuating Metabolic Inflammatory Stress

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracecum L), an annual legume, has been well known for its medicinal properties in treating metabolic diseases. It is a new crop in Nebraska. Its seed contains a number...
Semantic Oppositeness Embedding Using an Autoencoder-Based Learning Model

Semantic oppositeness is the natural counterpart of the much popular natural language processing concept, semantic similarity. Much like how semantic similarity is a measure of the degree to which two concepts are similar, semantic oppositeness yields the degree to which two concepts would oppose each other. This complementary nature has resulted in most applications and studies incorrectly assuming semantic oppositeness to be the inverse of semantic similarity. In other trivializations, “semantic oppositeness” is used interchangeably with “antonymy”, which is as inaccurate as replacing semantic similarity with simple synonymy. These erroneous assumptions and over-simplifications exist due, mainly, to either lack of information, or the computational complexity of calculation of semantic oppositeness. The objective of this research is to prove that it is possible to extend the idea of word vector embedding to incorporate semantic oppositeness, so that an effective mapping of semantic oppositeness can be obtained in a given vector space. In the experiments we present in this paper, we show that our proposed method achieves a training accuracy of 97.91% and a test accuracy of 97.82%, proving the applicability of this method even in potentially highly sensitive applications and dispelling doubts of over-fitting. Further, this work also introduces a novel, unanchored vector embedding method and a novel, inductive transfer learning process.
Pre-operative opioid use in gynecologic oncology: a common comorbidity relevant to the peri-operative period.

Objectives Pre-operative opioid use is common and should be considered a comorbidity among surgical candidates. Our objective was to describe the rate of pre-operative opioid use and patterns of post-operative outpatient opioid prescribing in a cohort of gynecologic oncology patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 448 gynecologic oncology surgical patients undergoing surgery for a suspected or known cancer diagnosis from January 2016 to December 2016. Pre-operative opioid users (n=97) were identified. Patient and surgical characteristics were abstracted, as was post-operative opioid prescription (type of opioid, oral morphine equivalents amount) and length of stay. For pre-operative opioid users, the type of opioid prescribed post-operatively was compared with the type of pre-operative opioid. Pre-operative opioid users were compared with non-users, stratified by surgery type. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using χ2 statistic, and medians were compared using a Mann-Whitney U statistic. Results Pre-operative opioid prescriptions were noted in 21% of patients, and 24% of these had two or more opioid prescriptions before surgery. The majority of pre-operative opioid users (51%) were maintained on the same agent post-operatively at the time of discharge, but 36% were switched to a different opioid and 7% were prescribed an additional opioid. Overall and in laparotomies, pre-operative opioid users received higher volume post-operative prescriptions than non-users. There was no difference in post-operative prescription volume for minimally invasive surgeries or in length of stay between pre-operative users and non-users. Conclusions Pre-operative opioid use is common in gynecologic oncology patients and should be considered during pre-operative planning. Pre-operative opioid use was associated with a higher volume and wider range of post-operative prescription. Over 40% of opioid users were discharged with either an additional opioid or a new opioid, highlighting a potential missed opportunity to optimize opioid safety. Further research is needed to characterize the relationship between pre-operative opioid use and peri-operative outcomes and to develop strategies to manage pain effectively in this population without compromising opioid safety.
Perception of Word-level Prominence in Free Word Order Language Discourse.

This study examines the contribution of constituent order, prosody, and information structure to the perception of word-level prominence in Russian, a free word order language. Prominence perception is investigated through the analysis of prominence ratings of nominal words in two published narrative texts. Word-level perceived prominence ratings were obtained from linguistically naive native speakers of Russian in two tasks: a silent prominence rating task of the read text passages, and an auditory prominence rating task of the same texts as read aloud by a native Russian speaker. Analyses of the prominence ratings reveal a greater likelihood of perceived prominence for words introducing discourse-new referents, as well as words occurring in a non-canonical sentence position, and featuring acoustic-prosodic enhancement. The results show that prosody and word order vary probabilistically in relation to information structure in read-aloud narrative, suggesting a complex interaction of prosody, word order, and information structure underlying the perception of prominence.
Divergence, gene flow, and speciation in eight lineages of trans-Beringian birds.

Determining how genetic diversity is structured between populations that span the divergence continuum from populations to biological species is key to understanding the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. We investigated genetic divergence and gene flow in eight lineages of birds with a trans-Beringian distribution, where Asian and North American populations have likely been split and reunited through multiple Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our study transects the speciation process, including eight pairwise comparisons in three orders (ducks, shorebirds, and passerines) at population, subspecies, and species levels. Using ultraconserved elements (UCEs), we found that these lineages represent conditions from slightly differentiated populations to full biological species. Although allopatric speciation is considered the predominant mode of divergence in birds, all of our best divergence models included gene flow, supporting speciation with gene flow as the predominant mode in Beringia. In our eight lineages, three were best described by a split-migration model (divergence with gene flow), three best fit a secondary-contact scenario (isolation followed by gene flow), and two showed support for both models. The lineages were not evenly distributed across a divergence space defined by gene flow (M) and differentiation (FST ), instead forming two discontinuous groups: one with relatively shallow divergence, no fixed SNPs, and high rates of gene flow between populations; and the second with relatively deeply divergent lineages, multiple fixed SNPs, and low gene flow. Our results highlight the important role that gene flow plays in avian divergence in Beringia.
Chaos and Control: How First-Year and Upper-Level Students Experienced Design Differently in a Project-Based Class

To give first-year engineering students the chance to learn from upper-level students and to provide upper-level students with leadership experience, we created a class that purposefully mixed these two groups on design teams. The one-semester class was centered on a term-long project where teams of four to five students designed products for elementary-aged children. Each team had a mix of first-year and upper-level students. During the projects, the teams iteratively navigated understanding their users, formulating the problem, deciding what product to design, designing their product, and building a fully operational prototype that their end users could test. In this paper, we compare the main learnings of the first-year and upper- level students to see how they are similar and how they are different.We use the final reflections of students as a lens into their learning. The final reflections were structured around a six-slide template wherein students selected an icon, two photos, a quote, a number, and a pivotal moment on successive slides to represent something they learned from the class. Each slide also contained a written description of the "learning" represented on that slide.Results showed upper-level students and first-year students had different experiences in the class, largely centered around their different conceptions of time. Compared to first-year students, upper-level students were more focused on time management, including the importance of planning and the significant workload that design requires. Keep designs simple so that you can get them done! Seek control to reduce your stress in the messy world of design. First-year students, on the other hand, had a proportionally higher focus on iteration and empathizing with users. Iteratively improve your design so that it better meets user needs! Embrace the chaos of the messy world of design. At the root of these differences appears to be that time had a fundamentally different meaning to first-year students compared to upper-level students; time as an investment in products that better meet users’ needs (first-year) versus time as a resource to be managed (upper-level).
High-performance Biomolecular Sensor Employing Nanophotonic Structures for Passively Trapping Analyte Molecules at Sensing Hotspots

We demonstrate a high-sensitivity mid-infrared molecular absorption spectroscopy- based biomolecular sensor, which employs nanostructures for passively concentrating and trapping analyte molecules in a drying solution to photonic hotspots where optical fields are highly enhanced.
Hydrodynamics of nonintegrable systems from a relaxation-time approximation

Many strongly interacting systems of experimental relevance are nearly integrable. A paradigm for studying such $w\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}k\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}y$ nonintegrable systems has been lacking. Here, the authors extend a generalized hydrodynamics framework, which has been successfully used to study transport in integrable systems, in order to tackle the dynamics away from integrability. In doing so, the authors propose a simple ansatz in the form of a relaxation-time approximation for the collision integral, finding excellent agreement with first-principle numerical simulations.
Recommending novel and relevant reviews to expand users’ knowledge about a product

Most e-commerce websites (e.g., Amazon and TripAdvisor) show their users an initial set of useful product reviews. These reviews allow users to form a general idea about the product’s characteristics. The usefulness of a review is mainly based on a score that the website users provide. Studies have shown that this score is not a good indicator of a review’s actual helpfulness. Nonetheless, most past works still use it to classify a review as helpful or not. With the growing number of reviews, finding those helpful ones is a challenging task. In this work, we propose NovRev, a new unsupervised approach to recommend a personalized subset of unread useful reviews for those users looking to increase their knowledge about a product. NovRev considers an initial set of reviews as a context and recommends reviews that increase the product’s information. We have extensively tested NovRev against five baseline methods, using eight real-life datasets from different product domains. The results show that NovRev can recommend novel, relevant, and diverse reviews while covering more information about the product.
Nanodelivery vehicles induce remote biochemical changes in vivo

Nanomaterial-based platforms are promising vehicles for the controlled delivery of therapeutics. For these systems to be both efficacious and safe, it is essential to understand where the carriers accumulate and to reveal the site-specific biochemical effects they produce in vivo. Here, a dual-mode mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method is used to evaluate the distributions and biochemical effects of anti-TNF-α nanoparticle stabilized capsules (NPSCs) in mice. It is found that most of the anticipated biochemical changes occur in sub-organ regions that are separate from where the nanomaterials accumulate. In particular, TNF-α-specific lipid biomarker levels change in immune cell-rich regions of organs, while the NPSCs accumulate in spatially isolated filtration regions. Biochemical changes that are associated with the nanomaterials themselves are also observed, demonstrating the power of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI to reveal markers indicating possible off-target effects of the delivery agent. This comprehensive assessment using MSI provides spatial context of nanomaterial distributions and efficacy that cannot be easily achieved with other imaging methods, demonstrating the power of MSI to evaluate both expected and unexpected outcomes associated with complex therapeutic delivery systems.
Expanded Histopathology and Tropism of Ebola Virus in the Rhesus Macaque Model: Potential for Sexual Transmission, Altered Adrenomedullary Hormone Production, and Early Viral Replication in Liver.

ABSTRACT The pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is still incomplete, although the non-human primate model has been studied for more than 4 decades. To further investigate EVD pathogenesis, a natural history study has been conducted using 27 Chinese-origin rhesus macaques. Of them, 24 macaques were exposed intramuscularly to Kikwit Ebola virus (EBOV) and euthanized at pre-determined timepoints or when end stage clinical disease criteria were met, while 3 other sham-exposed macaques were euthanized at the study day 0. This study demonstrates for the first time that Ebola virus causes uterine cervicitis, vaginitis, posthitis, and medullary adrenalitis. Not only is Ebola virus detected in the interstitial stromal cells of the genital tract, but it is also present in the epididymal and seminal vesicular tubular epithelial cells, ectocervical and vaginal squamous epithelial cells, and seminal fluid. Furthermore, as early as day 3 after exposure, EBOV replicative intermediate RNA was detected in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. These findings in the nonhuman model provide additional insight into potential sexual transmission, possible disruption of sympathetic hormone production, and early virus replication sites in human EVD patients.
Classical aversive conditioning of heart rate in curarized rats at different blood gas levels

In an effort to examine whether normal blood gas tensions were essential for conditioning, paralyzed rats received a classical aversive heart rate (HR) conditioning session while respirated at different peak expired CO3 values. After the session, arterial blood was drawn for analysis. That peak expired CO2 was effective in manipulating Pco2 was indicated by a significant correlation (r = 0.594, df = 17, P < 0.05). In addition, only rats with blood gas values similar to those of anesthetized controls displayed a discriminated HR CR. These animals also had lower baseline HRs and greater HR variability. Further, 7 of the 9 rats with normal blood gas values were respirated at peak expired CO2 values from 5.0–5.1 per cent, and no animal ventilated within this range displayed abnormal values. These findings suggest that previous difficulties in obtaining classical and operant conditioning in paralyzed animals may, in part, be attributable to inadequate ventilation.
Magnetic Susceptibility of Single Crystal FeCl2 Parallel and Perpendicular to the Trigonal Axis

The magnetic susceptibilities of single crystals of FeCl2 have been measured parallel and perpendicular to the trigonal axis over the temperature range from 1.2° to 300°K. The method of measurement is a refinement of the null coil method described by Arrott and Goldman.1 The single-crystal sample, in the form of a right circular cylinder encased in a polyethylene capsule, is placed in a uniform magnetic field of approximately 100 G. The magnetic field arising from the uniform magnetization of the sample is cancelled by means of a direct current through a null coil wound on the cylindrical surface of the sample. Demagnetization effects are accurately taken into account. The accuracy is a few tenths of one percent in the susceptibility.
Developmental Changes in Calcium Current Pharmacology and Somatostatin Inhibition in Chick Parasympathetic Neurons

Voltage-dependent calcium (Ca2+) currents were characterized and modulatory effects of somatostatin were measured in acutely dissociated chick ciliary ganglion neurons at embryonic stages 34, 37, and 40. This developmental time period coincides with the period of synapse formation between ciliary ganglion neurons and peripheral eye muscles. At all three developmental stages Ca2+ current could be blocked almost completely by combined application of omega-CgTX GVIA and nitrendipine. At young embryonic ages there was significant overlap in sensitivity, with approximately 75% of the current sensitive to either blocker applied independently. By stage 40, there was very little or no overlap in sensitivity, with approximately 75% of the current blocked by omega-CgTX GVIA (N-type) and 30% blocked by nitrendipine (L-type). These data are consistent with earlier findings that the pharmacology of acetylcholine release from ciliary ganglion nerve terminals changes during development from sensitivity to both dihydropyridines and omega-CgTX GVIA to selective sensitivity to omega-CgTX GVIA (Gray et al., 1992). Somatostatin reduced Ca2+ current by 50-60% at all three developmental stages. At early developmental stages somatostatin receptors coupled predominantly to the current that was sensitive to both omega-CgTX GVIA and nitrendipine. By stage 40, somatostatin primarily inhibited classically defined N-type current (selectively sensitive to omega-CgTX GVIA). Thus, somatostatin receptor coupling to Ca2+ channels persisted throughout development as Ca2+ current pharmacology changed.
The Older Adult as Computer User

Computerization of the contemporary workplace has been rapid and extensive. It is likely that this change will have a major impact on the older worker. In the laboratory, older adults are less able than younger adults to master new material (Hartley, Harker, and Walsh, 1980). In field studies, they have been characterized as less likely to adopt innovations (Phillips and Sternthal, 1977). The exposure of older adults to computer use raises questions for both applied and basic research. Can older adults master common computer applications? Can techniques be found that will improve or speed mastery? Does familiarity with one application transfer to others of the same class? How does knowledge develop as the older adult learns? How is the knowledge base accessed to solve specific problems, to carry out specific tasks?