cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Patient-specific MRI-based Prostate Mold for Validation of Multiparametric MRI in Localization of Prostate Cancer

Objective To demonstrate the use of a patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based prostate mold to generate histologic sections that directly correlate to axial MRI slices in a patient with anteriorly located prostate cancer. Anteriorly located prostate cancer has traditionally been difficult to detect on digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. Multiparametric MRI has potential as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and focal treatment of prostate cancer. A significant difficulty to date has been accurate correlation between the magnetic resonance images and histopathologic specimens. Methods A patient-specific mold from a preoperative T2-weighted MRI scan was created to hold and shape the prostate specimen. Slots for slicing were positioned at 6-mm increments coplanar to the axial MRI slices. After surgical excision, the specimen was inked to maintain the orientation and fixed in formalin. The seminal vesicles were excised, and the prostate was oriented in the mold such that the color-coding matched the anatomic labels on the mold. The specimen was sliced with a single blade and the resultant 6-mm tissue blocks were used for histologic analysis. Results Preoperative multiparametric MRI revealed a lesion in the right anterior transition zone that was positive on T2-weighed MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient maps of diffusion-weighted MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The histologic sections obtained using the mold demonstrated a similar Gleason score 6 (3 + 3) lesion in the right anterior transition zone, correlating with the MRI findings. Conclusion The use of patient-specific prostate molds to register the MRI findings with the histopathologic specimen in prostate cancer could offer several benefits compared with current specimen processing techniques. This technique might further validate MRI as an accurate tool for prostate cancer localization and staging.
Roles for the Stem Cell–Associated Intermediate Filament Nestin in Prostate Cancer Migration and Metastasis

The intermediate filament protein Nestin identifies stem/progenitor cells in adult tissues, but the function of Nestin is poorly understood. We investigated Nestin expression and function in common lethal cancers. Nestin mRNA was detected in cell lines from small cell lung, and breast cancers, and particularly elevated in cell lines derived from prostate cancer metastases. Whereas the androgen-independent lines PC3, 22RV1, and DU145 all expressed Nestin transcripts under standard culture conditions, the androgen-dependent line LnCaP expressed Nestin only on androgen withdrawal. We confirmed associations of Nestin expression, androgen withdrawal, and metastatic potential by immunohistochemical analysis of samples from 254 prostate cancer patients. Cytoplasmic Nestin protein was readily identifiable in prostate cancer cells from 75% of patients with lethal androgen-independent disease, even in cancer sampled from the prostate itself. However, Nestin expression was undetectable in localized androgen-deprived tumors and in metastases without prior androgen deprivation. To address its function, we reduced Nestin levels with short hairpin RNAs, markedly inhibiting in vitro migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells but leaving cell growth intact. Nestin knockdown also diminished metastases 5-fold compared with controls despite uncompromised tumorigenicity at the site of inoculation. These results specify a function for Nestin in cell motility and identify a novel pathway for prostate cancer metastasis. Activity of this pathway may be selected by the extraprostatic environment or, as supported by our data, may originate within the prostate after androgen deprivation. Further dissection of this novel Nestin migration pathway may lead to strategies to prevent and neutralize metastatic spread. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9199–206]
Recall Bias in a Case-Control Study of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Case-control differences in the accuracy of maternal recall may create spurious associations between suspected risk factors and perinatal conditions. We examined case-control differences in the accuracy of maternal recall and evaluated the impact of maternal reporting errors on observed measures of association. We compared interview information with information recorded on medical records for the mothers of 226 cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and the mothers of 226 living controls. We found that having a child die from SIDS increased the sensitivity of recall for less than half of the 25 study variables. However, for 18 of the 25 variables, the mothers of SIDS cases were more likely than the mothers of living controls to report events that could not be confirmed on medical records. Case-control differences in recall accuracy did not appear to create spurious associations with SIDS or to bias most associations away from the null value.
A Compromise Phase Position for Permanent Night Shift Workers: Circadian Phase after Two Night Shifts with Scheduled Sleep and Light/Dark Exposure

Night shift work is associated with a myriad of health and safety risks. Phase-shifting the circadian clock such that it is more aligned with night work and day sleep is one way to attenuate these risks. However, workers will not be satisfied with complete adaptation to night work if it leaves them misaligned during days off. Therefore, the goal of this set of studies is to produce a compromise phase position in which individuals working night shifts delay their circadian clocks to a position that is more compatible with nighttime work and daytime sleep yet is not incompatible with late nighttime sleep on days off. This is the first in the set of studies describing the magnitude of circadian phase delays that occurs on progressively later days within a series of night shifts interspersed with days off. The series will be ended on various days in order to take a "snapshot" of circadian phase. In this set of studies, subjects sleep from 23:00 to 7:00 h for three weeks. Following this baseline period, there is a series of night shifts (23:00 to 07:00 h) and days off. Experimental subjects receive five 15 min intermittent bright light pulses (approximately 3500 lux; approximately 1100 microW/cm2) once per hour during the night shifts, wear sunglasses that attenuate all visible wavelengths--especially short wavelengths ("blue-blockers")--while traveling home after the shifts, and sleep in the dark (08:30-15:30 h) after each night shift. Control subjects remain in typical dim room light (<50 lux) throughout the night shift, wear sunglasses that do not attenuate as much light, and sleep whenever they want after the night shifts. Circadian phase is determined from the circadian rhythm of melatonin collected during a dim light phase assessment at the beginning and end of each study. The sleepiest time of day, approximated by the body temperature minimum (Tmin), is estimated by adding 7 h to the dim light melatonin onset. In this first study, circadian phase was measured after two night shifts and day sleep periods. The Tmin of the experimental subjects (n=11) was 04:24+/-0.8 h (mean+/-SD) at baseline and 7:36+/-1.4 h after the night shifts. Thus, after two night shifts, the Tmin had not yet delayed into the daytime sleep period, which began at 08:30 h. The Tmin of the control subjects (n=12) was 04:00+/-1.2 h at baseline and drifted to 4:36+/-1.4 h after the night shifts. Thus, two night shifts with a practical pattern of intermittent bright light, the wearing of sunglasses on the way home from night shifts, and a regular sleep period early in the daytime, phase delayed the circadian clock toward the desired compromise phase position for permanent night shift workers. Additional night shifts with bright light pulses and daytime sleep in the dark are expected to displace the sleepiest time of day into the daytime sleep period, improving both nighttime alertness and daytime sleep but not precluding adequate sleep on days off.
Comparison of the effect of venovenous versus venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on renal blood flow in newborn lambs.

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) using double lumen catheters is an alternative to venoarterial (VA) ECMO and allows for total blood flow using the patient’s cardiac output in comparison to partial blood flow provided during VA ECMO.Objective: To compare the effects of VV versus VA ECMO on renal blood flow.Design: Prospective study.Setting: Research laboratory in a hospital.Subject: Newborn lambs 1-7 days of age (n=15).Interventions: In anesthetized, ventilated lambs, fe-moral artery and vein were cannulated for monitoring and renal venous blood sampling. An ultrasonic flow probe was placed on the left renal artery for continuous renal blood flow measurements. Animals were randomly assigned to control (non-ECMO), VV ECMO and VA ECMO groups. After systemic heparinization, the animals were cannulated and studied at bypass flows of 120 mL-kg/min (partial bypass) for two hours in both ECMO groups and 200 mL/kg/min (full bypass) for an additional 30 min in the VA group. Changes in blood...
Campaign Finance and Policymaking: PACs, Campaign Contributions, and Interest Group Influence in Congress

The general public is skeptical of our current system of campaign finance and feels that members of Congress are corrupt. Although the scholarly literature on campaign contribution influence is mixed, there is growing consensus that Political Action Committees (PACs) and interest groups do, indeed, have a powerful influence on policymaking in Congress. In this article, the author reviews this literature and discusses how influence occurs. Findings reveal that influence is only very rarely an explicit quid pro quo exchange. Instead, it is typically an ongoing, implicit, reciprocal exchange that impacts multiple stages of the legislative process and yields contributors many dividends, such as softer regulations, lower taxes, and lucrative contracts – none of which are explicitly promised (except in rare cases of full-blown bribery) but are, nonetheless, regularly granted. The social relationships between contributors and lawmakers are central to this process, as is the ability to get legislators to sway their colleagues.
Vocational Hope and Vocational Identity: Urban Adolescents’ Career Development

Emancipatory communitarian perspectives advocate for theory, research, and action that address the needs of oppressed groups, such as urban adolescents. Considering the dearth of instruments sensit...
A market without the 'right' property rights Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam's newly-emerged private real estate market

While Vietnam’s reforms provided some of the weakest legal private property rights amongst the transition countries, cities like Ho Chi Minh City have booming domestic real estate markets. Interestingly, while most properties in 2001 did not have legal title, those on the market did advertise a variety of property rights claims. Employing a hedonic price model to analyse the pattern of prices at which sellers offer properties in Ho Chi Minh City, this study examines how this market values property rights. The findings show that multiple forms of property rights, enforced by highly decentralized state institutions, are operational in this market. Furthermore, legal title itself is not the most valuable form of property right. These findings suggest that the value of property rights emanates from where it is enforced within the particular institutional context of a market.
Multicomponent interparticle-potential lattice Boltzmann model for fluids with large viscosity ratios

This work focuses on an improved multicomponent interparticle-potential lattice Boltzmann model. The model results in viscosity-independent equilibrium densities and is capable of simulating kinematic viscosity ratios greater than 1000. External forces are incorporated into the discrete Boltzmann equation, rather than through an equilibrium velocity shift as in the original Shan and Chen (hereafter, SC) model. The model also requires the derivation of a momentum conserving effective velocity, which is substituted into the equilibrium distribution function and applies to both the single- and multiple-relaxation-time formulations. Additionally, higher-order isotropy is used in the calculation of the fluid-fluid interaction forces to reduce the magnitude of spurious currents (i.e., numerical errors) in the vicinity of interfaces. First, we compare the model to the SC model for static bubble simulations. We demonstrate that the model results in viscosity-independent equilibrium bubble densities for a wide range of kinematic viscosities, which is not the case for the SC model. Furthermore, we show that the model is capable of simulating stable bubbles for kinematic viscosity ratios greater than 1000 (when higher-order isotropy is used), whereas the SC model is known to be limited to kinematic viscosity ratios on the order of 10. Next we verify the model for surface tension via Laplace's law and show that the model results in the same surface tension values for a range of kinematic viscosities and kinematic viscosity ratios of 10, 100, and 1000. The model is also verified for layered cocurrent flow though parallel plates. We show that the simulated velocity profiles preserve continuity at the interface for kinematic viscosity ratios ranging from 0.001 to 1000 and that the model accurately predicts nonwetting and wetting phase relative permeability for kinematic viscosity ratios of 0.01 to 100.
Sojourn in South Africa: Pastoral Care as a Community Endeavor

Shares impressions of pastoral care as observed and experienced while visiting South Africa, particularly in regard to pastoral care's thoroughly community-oriented nature.
On the Application of Modern Education Technique to the Maths Teaching Reform

Modern education techniques can facilitate maths teaching reform.However,too much reliance on the modern education technique can be disadvantageous.A good combination of the traditional teaching method and the modern education technique can make the reform of maths teaching more achievable.
Energy Saving Proposals Analyze for Air Wash in Central Fresh Air Make-up Unit

This paper discussed the different effect for fresh air make-up unit if the water for air wash to be cooled or not aforehand in different environmental conditions.And the result has been verified during operation.It support theoretically gist for MAU air wash energy saving.
Decomposition behavior of titanium hydride treated by surface oxidation

Titanium hydride attracts more attention as foaming agent in the fabrication of cellular metal materials. In order to meet most aluminum casting alloy’s melting properties, the heat treatment processes for TiH2 particles were investigated in a rotating device. In the present work, the most two important dynamic parameters, the treating temperature and oxidation interval, were taken under consideration. The decomposition behavior of titanium hydride was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the residual hydrogen content, morphologies and phase conversion were also characterized by hydrogen determinator, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The results show that the effect of temperature on the formation of oxidation film and decomposition behavior of TiH2 is more significant than that of oxidation time. The onset temperature and peak value of TiH2 decomposition shift from left to right through elevating temperature and extending time. Heat treatment process for TiH2 at 500 °C between 1 and 5 h in air is favorable for preparing aluminum foam.
Europe 1992: the Impact of Unification of the Automobile Industry

In light of recent world events, the unification of Europe has become more eminent. This paper explores the probable impact of unification on the auto industry. The Japanese have been very assertive in their effort to establish production capabilities in Europe. England, Germany and other European countries have made significant concessions to attract new Japanese capital. Of the American auto manufacturers, GM’s European operations might suffer the most. Ford may not experience any significant changes. In response to the Mega-deals the Japanese are cutting with the Europeans, The American manufacturers might have to join their forces … a matter not favored by anti-trust.
A hands-off approach to network intrusion detection

Networks are inherently vulnerable to attack and we need dynamic detection methods to find the evergrowing number and types of attacks. We assume that the access pattern of an attacker fundamentally differs from that of benign users. If that is true, we may be able to tease out the differences in the underlying structure of attackers and normal activity. Our research investigates unsupervised clustering techniques for network intrusion detection. The data comes from our most readily available source, the University of Virginia's network traffic. Our approach collapses all of the network communication between a host-source pair into a single descriptive data point, or netflow. The extracted features are then clustered to determine the different access patterns and separate types of communications. Features extracted from the netflow will be used to devise features that summarize all the network activity of an IP node. This aggregated IP level information is then used to cluster the IPs, which should enable us to differentiate between user groups. When a node's behavior changes by switching its associated cluster or it differs substantially from other similar nodes it may reveal a compromise. This approach should allow us to identify outliers that differ significantly from typical traffic of its corresponding cluster.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter iguaniorum Strain RM11343, Isolated from an Alpaca

ABSTRACT Campylobacter iguaniorum is a member of the C. fetus group of campylobacters and is one of two Campylobacter taxa isolated from reptiles. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the C. iguaniorum strain RM11343, which was isolated from a California alpaca fecal sample.
ON THE FORMATION OF SATELLITE ELECTRON SHEATHS RESULTING FROM SECONDARY EMISSION AND PHOTOEFFECTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the formation of satellite electron sheaths resulting from secondary emission and photoeffects. Photoelectric and secondary electron emission from the surface of a satellite may give rise to an electron sheath. There is a considerable literature on anomalous effects produced by satellites and hypervelocity vehicles at altitudes above 120 km. Many mechanisms have been proposed and described in the literature for local electron and ion densities different from the ambient produced by the satellite motion through the region. A theory to account for the ionization buildup by means of a traveling cloud or satellite ghost has been proposed that involves the earth's magnetic field. It is assumed that the satellite is in free molecule flow. In moving through this medium, the surface will be exposed to a flux of assorted particles and to solar radiation. The current balance between the flux of incident charged particles and ejected particles will determine the surface charge of the vehicle. As altitude increases in the region 90–250 km, the environment changes from one, predominantly characterized by large concentrations of neutral species to that of the ionosphere. A semiquantitative treatment of the changes in satellite surface charge with altitude can be carried out by, thus, considering the flux of ions, atoms, and molecules incident on the vehicle surface.
Game Playing Programs: An Approach and an Overview

The word “game” in this paper will refer to two-person games with complete information and with moves alternating between two players. The amount of published work in the area of game playing programs (as apart from other distinct areas of Artificial Intelligence) as reflected by, say, the indexes in Computing Reviews, is not extremely large, but is generally of very impressive quality (see, for instance, Greenblatt (1967) and Samuel (1959)). Work in this area has given rise to several deep insights and a number of useful and interesting conjectures concerning the structure of game-playing and game learning programs. Our purpose in this paper will be to point out these insights and conjectures with reference to the work that have been done on them. To facilitate this we shall first set up an axiomatic structure for the class of games at hand. This will serve two purposes: on the one hand, this axiomatization will point out the essential similarities and dissimilarities between the different techniques used in the field without the need for going into inessential details. This insight in its turn will often enable the development of conditions for the success of known problem solving or game playing techniques so that such conditions could serve as guidelines for future research. On the other hand, the analogy between the model used here with those used in other fields will once in a while indicate new techniques and approaches to solutions.
A strategy to couple the material point method (MPM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) computational techniques

A strategy is introduced to allow coupling of the material point method (MPM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for numerical simulations. This new strategy partitions the domain into SPH and MPM regions, particles carry all state variables and as such no special treatment is required for the transition between regions. The aim of this work is to derive and validate the coupling methodology between MPM and SPH. Such coupling allows for general boundary conditions to be used in an SPH simulation without further augmentation. Additionally, as SPH is a purely particle method, and MPM is a combination of particles and a mesh. This coupling also permits a smooth transition from particle methods to mesh methods, where further coupling to mesh methods could in future provide an effective farfield boundary treatment for the SPH method. The coupling technique is introduced and described alongside a number of simulations in 1D and 2D to validate and contextualize the potential of using these two methods in a single simulation. The strategy shown here is capable of fully coupling the two methods without any complicated algorithms to transform information from one method to another.
Evolution of anatomical concept usage over time: mining 200 years of biodiversity literature

The scientific literature contains an historic record of the changing ways in which we describe the world. Shifts in understanding of scientific concepts are reflected in the introduction of new terms and the changing usage and context of existing ones. We conducted an ontology-based temporal data mining analysis of biodiversity literature from the 1700s to 2000s to quantitatively measure how the context of usage for vertebrate anatomical concepts has changed over time. The corpus of literature was divided into nine non-overlapping time periods with comparable amounts of data and context vectors of anatomical concepts were compared to measure the magnitude of concept drift both between adjacent time periods and cumulatively relative to the initial state. Surprisingly, we found that while anatomical concept drift between adjacent time periods was substantial (55% to 68%), it was of the same magnitude as cumulative concept drift across multiple time periods. Such a process, bound by an overall mean drift, fits the expectations of a mean-reverting process.
Effects of inhaled aerosolized carfentanil on real-time physiological responses in mice: a preliminary evaluation of naloxone.

AbstractThis study examined the real-time exposure–response effects of aerosolized carfentanil (CRF) on opioid-induced toxicity, respiratory dynamics and cardiac function in mice. Unrestrained, conscious male CD-1 mice (25–30 g) were exposed to 0.4 or 4.0 mg/m3 of aerosolized CRF for 15 min (Ct = 6 or 60 mg min/m3) in a whole-body plethysmograph chamber. Minute volume (MV), core body temperature (Tc), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in animals exposed to CRF or sterile H2O. Loss of consciousness and Straub tail were observed in before 1 min following initiation of exposure to 6 or 60 mg min/m3 of CRF. Clinical signs of opioid-induced toxicity were observed in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 6 or 60 mg min/m3 of CRF resulted in significant decrease in MV as compared to the controls. MAP, HR and Tc decreased 24 h in animals exposed to either 6 or 60 mg min/m3 of CRF as compared to the controls. Post-exposure administration of naloxone (NX, 0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) did not...
High-Performance Incremental SVM Learning on Intel$$^{\tiny {\textregistered }}$$ Xeon Phi™ Processors

Support vector machines (SVMs) are conventionally batch trained. Such implementations can be very inefficient for online streaming applications demanding real-time guarantees, as the inclusion of each new data point requires retraining of the model from scratch. This paper focuses on the high-performance implementation of an accurate incremental SVM algorithm on Intel\(^{{\tiny \textregistered }}\) Xeon Phi\(^{\small {\tiny \textsc {tm}}}\) processors that efficiently updates the trained SVM model with streaming data. We propose a novel cycle break heuristic to fix an inherent drawback of the algorithm that leads to a deadlock scenario which is not acceptable in real-world applications. We further employ intelligent caching of dynamically changing data as well as other programming optimization ideas to speed up the incremental SVM algorithm. Experiments on a number of real-world datasets show that our implementation achieves high performance on Intel\(^{{\tiny \textregistered }}\) Xeon Phi\(^{\small {\tiny \textsc {tm}}}\) processors (\(1.1-2.1{\times }\) faster than Intel\(^{{\tiny \textregistered }}\) Xeon\(^{{\tiny \textregistered }}\) processors) and is up to \(2.1{\times }\) faster than existing high-performance incremental algorithms while achieving comparable accuracy.
Disciplinary knowledge diffusion in business research

Abstract Business research has established itself in largely six disciplines: Accounting, Marketing, Organizational Behavior and Management, Finance, Management Science and Operations Research, and Management Information Systems. The knowledge flows among these six disciplines and the factors that drive knowledge diffusion are important considerations. The quantitative analyses on a large dataset containing over 400,000 journal-to-journal citations for business journals published between 1997 and 2009 reveal important patterns of knowledge diffusion in business research. The cross-disciplinary knowledge diffusion is discipline-dependent and converging to a similar level in terms of the diversity. Aside from other factors such as articles published in the journal and the number of classifications, we find that journal quality, as measured by inclusion in the UT Dallas top journal list, has a significant effect on cross-disciplinary knowledge flows. We also offer some potential explanations for the effect of this formalized measure of quality.
Measuring anxiety in depressed patients: A comparison of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale and the DSM-5 Anxious Distress Specifier Interview.

DSM-5 included criteria for an anxious distress specifier for major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project we examined whether a measure of the specifier, the DSM-5 Anxious Distress Specifier Interview (DADSI), was as valid as the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) as a measure of the severity of anxiety in depressed patients. Two hundred three psychiatric patients with MDD were interviewed by trained diagnostic raters who administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) supplemented with questions to rate the DADSI, HAMA, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). The patients completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and irritability. Sensitivity to change was examined in 30 patients. The DADSI and HAMA were significantly correlated (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). Both the DADSI and HAMA were more highly correlated with measures of anxiety than with measures of the other symptom domains. The HAMD was significantly more highly correlated with the HAMA than with the DADSI. For each anxiety disorder, patients with the disorder scored significantly higher on both the DADSI and HAMA than did patients with no current anxiety disorder. A large effect size of treatment was found for both measures (DADSI: d = 1.48; HAMA: d = 1.37). Both the DADSI and HAMA were valid measures of anxiety severity in depressed patients, though the HAMA was more highly confounded with measures of depression than the DADSI. The DADSI is briefer than the HAMA, and may be more feasible to use in clinical practice.
The Anthem Companion to Robert Park

Assessing the legacy of any major thinker is always a challenge and particularly so when the central theme of his or her writings is focused on such controversial topics as race, ethnicity and migr...
A survey of research-related activities and perceived barriers to research utilization among professional oncology nurses.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To identify nursing staff members' current research-related activities, knowledge of research utilization, and perceived barriers to using research in practice. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional survey design with self-report questionnaires. SETTING: National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center located in a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 82 registered nurses employed in the cancer center who completed and returned the questionnaire; the majority had baccalaureate degrees or higher, were an average of 33 years old, were nurses for a mean of 8.8 years, and worked at the center a mean of 5.6 years. METHODS: Four-part, 38-item, self-report questionnaires were distributed to nursing staff and a leadership group by members of the departmental Nursing Research Committee; respondents returned completed questionnaires to designated locations in the center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge and attitudes about research utilization, perceived barriers to using research in practice, and current research-related activities. FINDINGS: Most respondents were familiar with the concept of research utilization and found research to be of value to their practice. They cited a number of barriers to using research findings and reported little participation in research-related activities. Advanced clinical practitioners with master's degrees tended to participate more frequently in research-related activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although nurses appeared to be aware of research utilization and value it, they perceived barriers to using research findings in practice and did not routinely participate in research-related activities. The findings support other research in this area and reveal educational needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The findings provided baseline information for a departmental research utilization program and suggested strategies and activities that could be incorporated into the program.
The cervical vertebral maturation method: A user's guide.

ABSTRACT The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method is used to determine the craniofacial skeletal maturational stage of an individual at a specific time point during the growth process. This d...
Winner of the society for biomaterials student award in the Ph.D. category for the annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, april 11-14, 2018, Atlanta, GA: Development of a bimodal, in situ crosslinking method to achieve multifactor release from electrospun gelatin.

To better mimic native tissue microenvironments, current efforts have moved beyond single growth factor delivery to more complex multiple growth factor delivery with distinct release profiles. Electrospun gelatin, a widely investigated drug delivery vehicle, requires postprocessing crosslinking techniques that generate a mesh with uniform crosslinking density, limiting the ability to deliver multiple factors at different rates. Herein, we describe a method to independently control release of multiple factors from a single electrospun gelatin mesh. Two in situ crosslinking modalities, photocrosslinking of methacyrlated gelatin and reactive crosslinking of gelatin with a diisocyanate, are coelectrospun to generate distinct fiber populations with different crosslinking chemistry and density in a single mesh. The photocrosslinked gelatin-methacrylate resulted in a relatively rapid release of a model protein (48 ± 12% at day 1, 96 ± 3% at day 10) due to diffusion of embedded protein from the crosslinked fibers. The reactive crosslinking system displayed a more sustained release (7 ± 5% at day 1, 33 ± 2% at day 10) that was attributed to the conjugation of protein to gelatin with the diisocyanate, requiring degradation of gelatin prior to diffusion out of the fibers. Both modalities displayed tunable release profiles. Subsequent release studies of a cospun mesh with two different crosslinked fiber populations confirmed that the cospun mesh displayed multifactor release with independent release profiles. Overall, this bimodal, in situ crosslinking approach enables the delivery of multiple factors with distinct release kinetics from a single mesh and is expected to have broad utility in tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1155-1164, 2018.
Advanced pigment dispersion glaucoma secondary to phakic intraocular collamer lens implant.

Abstract Purpose We report a case of pigment dispersion glaucoma secondary to uncomplicated phakic intraocular collamer lens (ICL) (Visian ICL™, Staar Inc., Monrovia, CA) implant that resulted in advanced visual field loss. Observations A 50-year-old man presented for routine follow-up status post bilateral phakic intraocular collamer lens (ICL) placement 8 years earlier. He was incidentally found to have a decline in visual acuity from an anterior subcapsular cataract and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye. There were signs of pigment dispersion and no evidence of angle closure. Diffuse optic nerve thinning was consistent with advanced glaucomatous visual field defects. Pigment dispersion was also present in the patient's right eye, but without elevated IOP or visual field defects. The patient was treated with topical glaucoma medications and the phakic ICL in the left eye was removed concurrently with cataract surgery to prevent further visual field loss. Conclusions and importance Pigment dispersion glaucoma is a serious adverse outcome after phakic ICL implantation and regular post-operative monitoring may prevent advanced visual field loss.
The Case Institute of Technology Centennial Celebration

On February 24, 1877, Leonard Case, Jr. signed a trust deed willing his estate to endow “The Case School of Applied Science,” in the city of Cleveland in order to provide the community with a technical institution. Since its founding in 1880, Case Institute of Technology has developed its educational curricula to include comprehensive and contemporary undergraduate and graduate programs in science, engineering, mathematics and management; and internationally recognized interdisciplinary research centers. With the federation of Case Institute of Technology and Western Reserve University in 1967, the science and mathematics departments of Western Reserve became part of Case Institute and Case Institute became part of a larger university, particularly distinguished by its professional schools including the Medical School with its extensive research as well as educational program. Case Institute maintains a prestigious physical plant within the University as a whole and in the unique University Circle cultural setting in Cleveland. The campus contains some of the most advanced technological and scientific instrumentation, facilities and laboratories in current use.
Cloning of a putative GABAA receptor from cyclodiene-resistant Drosophila: a case study in the use of insecticide-resistant mutants to isolate neuroreceptors

This chapter uses the isolation and cloning of cyclodiene resistance from Drosophila melanogaster to illustrate how mutants resistant to a toxicant can be used to study neuroreceptors. Isolation of mutants from the field, mapping of the single gene responsible and its subsequent cloning are described. As confirmation of gene cloning a susceptible allele of the gene has been used to genetically transform resistant individuals to susceptibility. The gene product appears to code for a subunit of a receptor highly similar to vertebrate GABAA receptor/chloride ion channels, and functional expression studies are described which will illucidate its pharmacology. Cyclodiene resistance is extremely widespread, occurring in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Thus examination of resistance-associated mutations in this receptor in a range of species will enhance our understanding of both the binding sites of toxic ligands and the genetic basis of pesticide resistance.
Chronic disease among Native North Americans

Native North American populations, including American Indian and Alaska Native peoples, have inhabited North America for thousands of years. Traditional lifestyles and values have been influenced through generations of colonization and acculturation, which contribute in part to the high prevalence of chronic diseases observed in these populations today. Health disparities include high prevalence of overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers. Factors including socioeconomic status, access to healthy foods and medical care, and nutrition and physical activity transitions continue to act as barriers to improved health status. However, strong cultural values, resilience, and partnership with health organizations and researchers present opportunities for improved health status within these populations.
Characterizing the Hematologic and Plasma Chemistry Profiles of Captive Chinese Water Dragons, Physignathus cocincinus

Twenty-six (one to six years of age) Chinese water dragons, Physignathus cocincinus, from two different captive populations, Massachusetts (MA) and Mississippi (MS), were selected for this study. The lizards were given a thorough examination, and a blood sample was collected for a complete blood count (CBC) and plasma biochemistry. Whole blood was stored in both lithium heparin and Ca- EDTA; Ca-EDTA was considered the superior anticoagulant based on multiple paired samples. The packed cell volume (PCV) for the water dragons was 32 - 40%. The lymphocyte was the most common cell found on the CBC. There were significant differences in the plasma uric acid (MS: 2.3; MA 6.0; p=0.001) and phosphorus (MS: 5.7, MA:7.1; p=0.04) concentrations between the two populations. Younger dragons ( 3 yr: 2.3, p=0.01) than dragons > 3 yr of age. There were no significant differences in the bio- chemistries based on the origin (wild-caught vs. captive bred) of the lizards or between genders. Overall, the dragons in this study were clinically healthy, and the reference range established from these two pop- ulations may be used as a basis for comparison in clinical cases.
“I’m Already Seen as a Sexual Predator From Saying Hello”: Black Men’s Perception of Sexual Violence:

Sexual violence is a severe and rampant issue plaguing college campuses. However, the lack of research pertaining to underrepresented students calls into question the generalizability of university education and prevention efforts. Consequently, there is a gap in the literature regarding African American men's understanding of sexual violence. This study seeks to address this gap by examining African American university men's conceptualization of sexual violence from their own racial and cultural perspectives. Ninety-minute semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight male African American students attending predominantly White institutions. Data were analyzed by three coders using an interpretative phenomenological approach and intersectional framework. Data were then presented to an auditor and the coders revised the themes based on the auditor's feedback. Four themes emerged from this analysis: aggressive and violent stereotypes of Black men, othering of male survivors, racial considerations when responding to survivors, and awareness of racial injustices. These results provide evidence supporting the need for culturally grounded sexual violence education and prevention efforts to effectively reach African American men on university campuses. For example, universities may consider having African American confidential advocates and a committee of racially diverse members to run reported instances of sexual violence to reduce bias. In addition, universities may benefit from partnering with Black fraternities to empower men to be allies for social change against rape culture within their communities. For clinical work, such efforts could include incorporating explicit discussions of the impact of gendered racism on Black male survivors into session. Also, clinicians could aim to combat the internalization of the gender racist stereotypes with clients.
Computational Screening of Metal–Organic Framework-Supported Single-Atom Transition-Metal Catalysts for the Gas-Phase Hydrolysis of Nerve Agents

Recent studies have suggested that the gas-phase hydrolysis of nerve agents by Zr-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) may be limited by product inhibition resulting from strong bidentate binding of the hydrolysis products to the Zr6-nodes. A potential method to avoid this problem is to deposit single-atom catalysts on the nodes so that the products bind in a more favorable monodentate mode. Such catalytic active sites can be characterized with atomic precision, enabling detailed computational mechanistic studies. Thus, we used density functional theory to perform a comprehensive screening of single-atom transition-metal catalysts, in varying oxidation states, deposited on NU-1000 nodes for the gas-phase hydrolysis of the nerve agent sarin. By calculating the complete reaction pathways for M–NU-1000 systems, we discovered that the highest reaction barrier varies between catalysts, highlighting the need to consider more than a single reaction step when screening a large number of diverse materials. The si...
Soil surfactants influence fungicide movement in United States Golf Association putting green soil.

The management of root and crown diseases of turfgrasses is challenging. To manage these diseases, golf course superintendents and other turfgrass managers often spray fungicides at a high carrier volume and irrigate after application to move fungicides into the root zone. Furthermore, previous research has demonstrated that soil surfactants can increase fungicide movement and distribution in soil. Two laboratory experiments were conducted using lysimeters, which were coated with sand on their inner walls to prevent preferential flow and contained 90/10% sand/peat moss (v/v), to determine the effects of soil surfactants on movement of selected fungicides in soil. The soil surface in the first experiment was treated three times at 2-wk intervals with one of three soil surfactants: Aquifer (propoxylated polyethylene glycols), Fleet (polyoxyalkylene polymers), and Revolution (modified alkylated polyol). The soil in the second experiment was treated with only Revolution four times at 2- to 3-wk intervals. Immediately after the final surfactant application, soil columns were treated with 14 C-labeled fungicide. 14 C-Myclobutanil was applied in the first experiment, and 14 C-azoxystrobin and 14 C-propiconazole were applied in the second experiment. In the first experiment, 14 percent units more of the recovered 14 C-myclobutanil was detected in the 5- to 7.6-cm sampling depth, and >4 percent units more was detected in the 7.6- to 10.2-cm depth after soil surfactant application compared with the fungicide-alone treatment. Each soil surfactant also yielded >28% more leachate than the nontreated control. In the second experiment, the total recovered 14 C-azoxystrobin and 14 C-propiconazole in the 7.6- to 10.2-cm depth increased by 2.8 and 1.9 percent units, respectively, compared with soil treated with fungicide alone. These data indicate that soil surfactant inclusion may increase fungicide distribution in soil, which may enhance the efficacy of fungicides in suppressing root and crown diseases.
'A Way to Know' Your Stress: Acceptability and Meaning of Hair Sample Collection for Cortisol Analysis From African-American and Latina Women in a Digital Storytelling Study.

Obtaining biological samples for research purposes from members of marginalized communities demands careful social and ethical consideration. This paper aims to discuss how feasibility and acceptab...
Are the costs of employer-sponsored health insurance passed on to workers at the individual level?

Abstract Because employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) is experience rated, employers have an incentive to try to offset its cost by paying lower wages to employees who have greater medical expenditures. The existing evidence on this topic, however, illustrates only that ESI is associated with lower wages for groups of workers who are costlier to cover. In contrast, I use the variation provided by the Affordable Care Act's employer mandate to examine if differences in medical expenditures are passed on to workers at the individual level. My estimates rely on Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data in a dose response difference-in-difference framework that examines how wages change for workers with varying medical expenditures when they must soon be offered ESI. I find that each $1 difference in medical expenditures is associated with a $0.35 to $0.51 wage offset after the employer mandate's announcement wherever ESI must soon be offered to workers. Placebo analyses, focusing on workers whose employers are not affected by the mandate, provide support for a causal interpretation. I also show that my findings are not sensitive to sample selection or data reliability issues and that they cannot be explained by the effects of the Great Recession, demographic characteristics that correlate with medical expenditures, or location- or industry-specific idiosyncratic shocks.
Protecting Critical Infrastructure in Cyber Warfare: Is it Time for States to Reassert Themselves?

The catastrophic results of losing the essential services provided by critical infrastructure are immense and, potentially, could result in a State being incapable of conducting military operations. Recognizing this vulnerability, this paper therefore critically examines how the law of armed conflict protects such objects and activities. In doing so, the paper concludes that heightened protections for critical infrastructure from cyber-attacks are necessary and suggests looking to the existing framework of special precautionary protections as a model for greater legal safeguards.