cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases in Rat Adipocytes

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play a key role in maintaining the steady-state tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and its substrate proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). However, the PTPase(s) that inactivate IR and IRS-1 under physiological conditions remain unidentified. Here, we analyze the subcellular distribution in rat adipocytes of several PTPases thought to be involved in the counterregulation of insulin signaling. We found that the transmembrane enzymes, protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-alpha and leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR), were detected predominantly in the plasma membrane and to a lesser extent in the heavy microsomes, a distribution similar to that of insulin receptor. PTP-1B and IRS-1 were present in light microsomes and cytosol, whereas SHPTP2/Syp was exclusively cytosolic. Insulin induced a redistribution of PTP-alpha from the plasma membrane to the heavy microsomes in a parallel fashion with the receptor. The distribution of PTP-1B in the light microsomes from resting adipocytes was similar to that of IRS-1 as determined by sucrose velocity gradient fractionation. Analysis of the catalytic activity of partially purified rat adipocyte PTP-alpha and LAR and recombinant PTP-1B showed that all three PTPases dephosphorylate IR. When a mix of IR/IRS-1 was used as a substrate, PTP-1B was particularly effective in dephosphorylating IRS-1. Considering that IR and IRS-1 can be dephosphorylated in internal membrane compartments from rat adipocytes (Kublaoui, B., Lee, J., and Pilch, P.F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 59-65) and that PTP-alpha and PTP-1B are the respective PTPases in these fractions, we conclude that these PTPases are responsible for the counterregulation of insulin signaling there, whereas both LAR and PTP-alpha may act upon cell surface insulin receptors.
Physical and Control System Design Challenges in Large Range Nanopositioning

Abstract There is an increasing need for compact desktop-size nanopositioning systems that can provide motion range of the order of several millimeters and yet achieve nanometric precision, resolution, and accuracy. In this paper, we highlight the several challenges that exist in the physical and control system design of a multi-axis flexure-based XY nanopositioning system capable of large dynamic range (~10 7 ). There are practical limitations associated with the individual physical components (flexure bearing, actuators, sensors, drivers, and microcontroller) as well as their integration. Once these physical system design challenges are overcome, the ensuing control system design challenges include non-***linear structural dynamics due to large deformation of the flexure bearing, non-collocated and multiple sensors and actuators, multiple sources of disturbance and noise, and classical closed-loop performance tradeoffs.
Dynamic Sleep Time Control in Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the main sources of energy waste in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is idle listening, i.e., nodes consuming energy listening to an idle channel. In this paper, we present a dynamic sleep time control method exploiting known traffic statistics to sample the channel more frequently when it is likely to have traffic and less frequently when it is not. When such information is not a priori available, we present an iterative algorithm to learn the statistics and adapt the sleep time control policy as time evolves. Simulation results are included to compare fixed sleep times to a dynamic control policy.
Amino Acid Jazz: Amplifying Biochemistry Concepts with Content-Rich Music

Music is not typically used in teaching high school- and college-level chemistry. This may be attributable to instructors’ perceptions of educational music as being solely for memorization, their uncertainty about how to incorporate music effectively, or because of a limited number of suitable songs in which the music and words reinforce each other. To address these issues by way of a biochemistry example, we created Amino Acid Jazz, a sing-along exercise in which students synthesize a musical polypeptide from amino acid building blocks. Along the way, musical elements indicate key points about protein chemistry and structure. This exercise is an example of how the music of a song can amplify (rather than distract from) the content of the lyrics, and can thus promote knowledge acquisition that goes beyond rote memorization. Furthermore, it may be extended to incorporate students’ own creative ideas. Most initial feedback from students and other teachers has been positive.
Assaying DNA damage in hippocampal neurons using the comet assay

A number of drugs target the DNA repair pathways and induce cell kill by creating DNA damage. Thus, processes to directly measure DNA damage have been extensively evaluated. Traditional methods are time consuming, expensive, resource intensive and require replicating cells. In contrast, the comet assay, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay, is a faster, non-invasive, inexpensive, direct and sensitive measure of DNA damage and repair. All forms of DNA damage as well as DNA repair can be visualized at the single cell level using this powerful technique. The principle underlying the comet assay is that intact DNA is highly ordered whereas DNA damage disrupts this organization. The damaged DNA seeps into the agarose matrix and when subjected to an electric field, the negatively charged DNA migrates towards the cathode which is positively charged. The large undamaged DNA strands are not able to migrate far from the nucleus. DNA damage creates smaller DNA fragments which travel farther than the intact DNA. Comet Assay, an image analysis software, measures and compares the overall fluorescent intensity of the DNA in the nucleus with DNA that has migrated out of the nucleus. Fluorescent signal from the migrated DNA is proportional to DNA damage. Longer brighter DNA tail signifies increased DNA damage. Some of the parameters that are measured are tail moment which is a measure of both the amount of DNA and distribution of DNA in the tail, tail length and percentage of DNA in the tail. This assay allows to measure DNA repair as well since resolution of DNA damage signifies repair has taken place. The limit of sensitivity is approximately 50 strand breaks per diploid mammalian cell (1,2). Cells treated with any DNA damaging agents, such as etoposide, may be used as a positive control. Thus the comet assay is a quick and effective procedure to measure DNA damage.
Some recent developments in the chemistry of multiply bonded dimetal complexes that contain the intramolecular bridging phosphine ligands R2P(CH2)nPR2

Abstract Recent synthetic and structural studies on multiply bonded complexes of stoichiometry M2X4[μ-R2P(CH2)nPR2]2 (M = Mo, W or Re; X = Cl, Br or I; R = Me, Et or Ph; n = 1 or 2), the ditungsten(III) hydride W2(μ-H)(μ-Cl)Cl4(μ-dppm)2 (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2), Re2Cl4(μ-dmpm)3 (dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2), and M2(μ-Cl)2 Cl4(μ-R2PCH2PR2)2 (R = Me or Ph) are surveyed. The first examples of multiply bonded complexes that contain the Ph2PCH  CHPPh2 ligand (abbreviated dppee) are described, viz. the α- and β-isomers of M2X4(dppee)2 (M = Mo or Re, X = Cl or Br). The reactions of Re2X4(dppm)2 (X = Cl or Br) with RNC, RCN and CO ligands that yield complexes in which a metal-metal multiple bond is preserved are reviewed.
Capping and Mitogenesis: A Model Implicating Microfilaments in Lymphocyte Activation

In lymphocytes cap formation induced by concanavalin A (con A) was found to be concentration dependent on the mitogen in the presence of colchicine, a microtubule disrupting agent. The dose-respone of cap formation under these conditions was similar to mitogen dose-response. In addition, a direct correlation was found between con A capping induced in the presence of colchicine and mitogenic responses with con A alone. Agents such as dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which suppress mitogenic responses, decrease capping. Zinc increases capping when it causes enhancement of mitogenesis and decreases capping when it suppresses mitogenic response. These observations are interpreted on the basis of a model in which binding of con A to surface receptors leads to formation of microfilaments, which might be essential for capping as well as the initiation of DNA synthesis. Thus, the experimental observations in this report lend support to a model implicating the formation of microfilaments as a crucial event in triggering a variety of cellular responses following ligand binding.
Ethics and Evidence in Consultation

The evidence-based practice movement in the early childhood field has stimulated efforts to synthesize and disseminate research findings related to direct services, such as child interventions and classroom teaching practices. This article describes the need to use an evidence-based process to make decisions about indirect services, specifically consultation, that include not only the best available scientific research but also professional and family wisdom and values as sources of evidence. Three scenarios are presented that illustrate various ethical issues related to early childhood consultation. Among four concluding recommendations for the early childhood field is the need to amend codes of ethics in general and special early childhood education to reflect values and practices related to indirect service delivery models involving collaborative relationships with other adults.
Simulation designs for the estimation of quadratic response surface gradients in the presence of model misspecification

This article considers the construction of simulation designs for the ordinary least squares estimation of second-order metamodels. Two premises underlie the development of these experimental strategies. First it is assumed that the postulated metamodel may be misspecified due to the true model structure being of third-order. It is therefore important that the locations of the simulation experiments be specified to provide protection against bias, as well as variance, in the estimation of metamodel parameters. The second premise is based on the observation that, in many applications of metamodels, functions of the fitted model coefficients such as the slope gradients are of greater interest than the response function. The integrated mean squared error of slopes design criterion that is implemented here addresses both premises. This criterion finds application in various optimum seeking methods and sensitivity analysis procedures. Combinations of four important classes of response surface designs and three pseudorandom number assignment strategies constitute the basis structure of the simulation designs studied. The performance of these simulation designs is evaluated and, subsequently, compared to a similar set of experimental plans that have as their focus the estimation of the response function.
Quality of data delivery in peer-to-peer video streaming

QoS in a P2P video streaming system is evaluated in three stages: content generation, data delivery and video playback. We use jitter-free probability as the main performance metric to study Quality of Data delivery (QoD). A new model that incorporates both bandwidth and data availability of P2P network is proposed. Our model relies on a sharing factor that models data availability among all peers. We simulate on a minimalistic network to demonstrate how to apply the analytical model to design a P2P video streaming system with a very low jitter rate. Our simulation experimental results reveal that the lower bound on jitter-free probability is indeed effective to reflect the QoD of the entire system. Our model captures the impact of many design choices, including upload bandwidth limit, peer selection strategies, and video stream chunking schemes.
Support and satellite cells within the rabbit dorsal root ganglion: ultrastructure of a perineuronal support cell.

Study design The membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasmic contents of satellite cells were evaluated using a transmission electron microscope. Objective To delineate satellite cell morphometries. Summary of background data The role of the satellite support cells associated with the neuronal cell bodies remains poorly understood. Previous research has identified one type of satellite support cells. Methods Dorsal root ganglions were excised from 10 adult New Zealand White rabbits. Sections from L2-L5 ganglions were prepared, cut, and analyzed under a transmission electron microscope. Results A total of 190 neurons and their associated satellite cells were selected for analysis. Three subgroups of satellite cells were identified. The two predominant subgroups consisted of previously described satellite cells. The third subgroup consisted of highly complex and unusual cells. Nineteen satellite cells (4%) did not conform to any previous description of glial cells. Cells were characterized by larger nuclei, with numerous inclusions, and by extensively convoluted reflections of the cellular membrane. These cells were "perched" or "piggy-backed" on top of a convoluted and multilayered cytoplasmic sheet. Conclusion A new type of support cell representing a different cell line or a highly adapted cell with specific functional capacities was identified.
Sapphire fiber optic-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering by direct and evanescent-field excitation

We present a study on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) utilizing unclad single crystal sapphire fiber with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized either at the fiber distal end for direct excitation or on the fiber surface for evanescentfield interaction. The dependence of SERS intensity on the coverage density of Ag NPs was investigated. We demonstrated robust SERS sensitivity in both cases. For direct excitation-based sensing, we found that a sensitivity maximum exists with increased particle coverage beyond which the sensitivity starts to decline. More importantly though, for evanescent-field based measurements, we revealed that multimode sapphire fiber can accommodate Ag NPs at a far higher particle coverage density than single-mode fiber while maintaining the dominance of SERS gain despite competitive absorption and scattering loss by Ag NPs with a limit of detection of 10 -9 M Rhodamine 6G solution.
Component Replacement Liability

This paper reports the results of an analytic problem arising out of a history. Although some of the context and all of the numbers have been changed to protect proprietary information, the following important facet of the original case history remains invariant in the transformation. Management of the sponsoring firm had planned to make a policy decision based on differences between averages of overlapping distributions. After the influence of the probability distributions was evaluated and explained, management reversed its intended policy decision.
Illumination Levels in Offices with Visual Display Units

This paper investigates the optimal illumination levels for offices equipped with visual display units(VDUs). Twenty-four paid subjects keyed in typical word processing data for 6 min per condition. General illumination was provided by a mixture of indirect and direct lighting sources. This illumination was held at 350 lux at the workstation. The experimental variables for the 6 conditions were: (1) two illuminations of the room wall and (2) three illumination levels in the area directly ahead of the operator. When VDU workstations are illuminated at 350 lux to eliminate glare, operators prefer an intermediate illumination level (800 lux) in the office space to their front over 415 lux or 1170 lux. Operators also preferred increased brightness contrast on the wall. Design should consider not only the workstation itself but also the surrounding.
Gradations of Legal Terms in Joint-Venture Agreements in Least-Developed Compared to More Advanced LDCs

ABSTRACT This paper suggests that the terms and clauses of legal agreements governing manufacturing investments in developing countries tend to become more favorable to the host countries as the countries' “attractiveness” (as defined) to foreign investment increases. First a framework for analysis is set up, with attractiveness on one axis and “favorability” on the other. Then the paper presents terms and clauses from selected agreements involving countries at very different levels of attractiveness to illustrate how the shadings of terminology vary. This observation is found to apply mainly to operating terms, however, and not to those concerning ownership and board representation or to standard “boilerplate” clauses.
Nuclear location of a chromatin insulator in Drosophila melanogaster

Chromatin-related functions are associated with spatial organization in the nucleus. We have investigated the relationship between the enhancer-blocking activity and subnuclear localization of the Drosophila melanogaster suHw insulator. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we observed that genomic loci containing the gypsy retrotransposon were distributed closer to the nuclear periphery than regions without the gypsy retrotransposon. However, transgenes containing a functional 340 bp suHw insulator did not exhibit such biased distribution towards the nuclear periphery, which suggests that the suHw insulator sequence is not responsible for the peripheral localization of the gypsy retrotransposon. Antibody stains showed that the two proteins essential for the suHw insulator activity, SUHW and MOD(MDG4), are not restricted to the nuclear periphery. The enhancer-blocking activity of suHw remained intact under the heat shock conditions, which was shown to disrupt the association of gypsy, SUHW and MOD(MDG4) with the nuclear periphery. Our results indicate that the suHw insulator can function in the nuclear interior, possibly through local interactions with chromatin components or other nuclear structures.
High-Speed, Noncontact Digital Imaging System for Inspection of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements

This paper discusses the results of the field experimentation of a new system developed to help inspect the construction of asphalt pavements using digital video images. The system computes the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of images of newly constructed pavements to find various parameters that are commonly used in visual texture analysis. Using principal component analysis to integrate multivariable data into a single classifier, Hotelling’s T2 statistic, the system creates a list of the location of possible nonuniformities that require closer inspection. A total of 18 continuous road segments of recently paved roads were tested and analyzed with the system. These road segments allowed the refinement of the methodology and the software needed to produce tables and plots that will be used by inspection personnel in the field. The results demonstrated the capability of the system for detecting potential nonuniformities of recently completed pavements that can be used during construction as well as in th...
COMPARISON OF RADON-DAUGHTER-INDUCED EFFECTS IN REPAIR-PROFICIENT AND REPAIR-DEFICIENT CHO CELL LINES

The radiobiological effects of the radon daughter 212Bi were investigated in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line AA8 and its radiosensitive derivative EM9. EM9 cells rejoin radiation-induced DNA strand breaks more slowly than do AA8 cells. Three endpoints were examined: cell killing, G2-induced chromosome aberration frequency, and mutation induction at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) locus. Cells were exposed to the alpha-emitter 212Bi chelated to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (212Bi-DTPA). As expected, 212Bi-DTPA was more effective than X-rays in producing cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations, and gene mutations. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for all three endpoints ranged from about 2 for chromosome aberrations to 4.4 for mutation induction. EM9 was more sensitive than AA8 cells to the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of both X-rays and 212Bi-DTPA, suggesting that the repair deficiency in EM9 cells affects response to low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation for these endpoints. There was no significant difference between these two cell lines in their mutagenic response to X-rays and AA8 was slightly more sensitive to the mutagenic effects of alpha radiation. These results suggest that alterations in DNA repair ability may affect response of cells to both low- and high-LET radiation-induced cytotoxicity and clastogenicity, but they appear to have little effect on gene mutation induction.
Microwave assisted patterning of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes onto polymer substrates

This paper presents a low pressure hot embossing method for transferring patterns of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes into thermoplastic substrates. The procedure utilizes the synthesis of carbon nanotubes in discrete patterns on silicon substrates through the vapor liquid solid growth mechanism. The nanotube pattern and silicon stamp is placed on top of a polycarbonate film and locally heated above the glass transition temperature using microwave processing. The weight of the silicon substrate presses the nanotubes into the polycarbonate, resulting in the complete transfer of vertically aligned patterns. The technique is a rapid processing method, which could be used to integrate aligned nanomaterials with MEMS and flexible electronics that are fabricated on a wide range of thermoplastic polymer materials.
Exploring Vegetation Patterns Along an Undefined Boundary

Combining historical land survey field notes and modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique, this essay explores the vegetation pattern in eastern Harrison County in Texas along the TexasâLouisiana border in 1838, the year that marked the beginning of major influx of Anglos into this region. The analysis confirms that the vegetation cover prior to the influx was significantly different from what is there today. This article also demonstrates how GIS can be used to assist in historical research.
A note on a functional equation

A useful tool in obtaining bounds for solutions of differential equations is the Gronwall inequality, also known as Bellman’s Lemma, and its various generalizations. The content of these theorems is to compare solutions of certain inequalities with solutions of the corresponding equation. In this note we establish, using a lattice fixed point theorem, a similar result for a functional equation and show that it includes a particularly useful form of Bellman’s Lemma due to Viswanatham. Let [a, 61 denote an interval, possibly infinite but which we will assume closed at any finite endpoint, and let U(X) and p(x) denote functions whose range is in [a, b] whenever the domain is [a, 61. The functional equation which we consider is
Tuning in the Television Directories

Television in General The viewing of television has changed, and is continuing to change our lives. When television first arrived on the scene less than 50 years ago, few people could have foreseen the drastic effects that it would have on the public during their waking hours. As of September 1, 1981, 158.3 million television sets have penetrated 98 percent of American households and hardly anyone can legitimately claim never to have seen a TV set or viewed a TV program.
Crystallinity and dimensional stability of biaxial oriented poly(lactic acid) films

Abstract Transparent biaxial oriented poly(lactic acid) (BOPLA) films with improved dimensional stability were successfully prepared by controlling the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The crystalline morphology of PLA films can be manipulated by changing certain processing parameters, such as stretch ratio, heat setting temperatures, and heat setting time. Optical and mechanical properties as well as dimensional stability of the resulting polymer films are governed by their crystallinity and crystalline morphology. Crystallization behavior and kinetics of PLA, therefore, were investigated using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Mechanical properties and the dimensional stability of the biaxial oriented PLA films were obtained and correlated with their processing conditions. Poly(lactic acid) films prepared by melt extrusion methods have great potential for food packaging, shrink labeling and protective film applications. However, shrinkage at elevated processing temperature should be minimized to avoid puckering of the polymer film. Shrinkage of less than 2% was achieved for a BOPLA film stretched 300% in both directions at 75 °C and then annealed at 160 °C for 30 s. Fabrication, properties, and potential applications of a series of biodegradable films will be described.
Deep structure of a fault discontinuity

Relocated aftershocks at a fault discontinuity that ruptured in the 1992 Landers earthquake show that there is no simple connection between the Homestead Valley and Emerson faults at depth. Rather, faulting within the discontinuity is as complex as observed at the surface. Both aftershocks and mainshock slip on the far side of the discontinuity, that is on the Emerson fault, were confined primarily to depths above 10 km, whereas slip and aftershock activity on the near side of the discontinuity extended to 17 km. Similar behavior was also observed at a fault discontinuity in the 1979 Coyote Lake earthquake and may be attributable to the greater effectiveness of dynamic stress in inducing fault rupture at shallow depths.
Detection of a σ · E Energy Shift in Positronium Formed from Polarized Positrons

In an experiment designed to set an upper limit on the magnitude of $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{E}$ energy for electrons and positrons, a persistent effect is found on reversing the direction of the electric field E applied to a gas sample in which positronium is formed from polarized ${\mathrm{Na}}^{22}$ positrons. The positronium decay is studied by the two-photon angular correlation technique, and a 5% effect on the narrow-component coincidence rate is occasioned by reversing the 15-kilovolt/centimeter field. The effect reverses sign when the positron spin-polarization just before capture, ${P}_{z}=〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{z}〉$, which is at least 0.25, is reversed by changing the source position. Other observations made concurrently suggest that the highly Stark-mixed (excited) levels of positronium in transient existence may be acting as a spin-filter whose action reverses with E. Such behavior would entail mixing between triplet (heavily mixed $S$ and $P$) levels and the adjacent (similarly mixed $S$ and $P$) singlet levels---to which problem quantum electrodynamics has heretofore not been applied.
LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCED CMR-GUIDED IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION TO PREVENT SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS: A MARKOV ANALYSIS

Although cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death, there is no consensus regarding the best strategy for risk stratification. We sought to determine whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) guided- or Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Criteria (
Surface Event Rejection Using Phonon Information in CDMS

The published CDMS analyses have used the shape of the phonon signal rising edge to reject low-ionization-yield surface events which produce acoustic phonons more quickly than bulk events do. To achieve better WIMP sensitivity with future larger exposures, we are using a simplified model of phonon production and propagation to construct event position estimators that help us to find more efficient surface event rejection cuts. We describe this model and the resulting new cuts, and summarize the surface event leakage rates and the sensitivity figures of merit of the five surface event rejection methods developed in the second CDMS II Soudan run data analysis.
Reduced order thermal modeling of data centers via proper orthogonal decomposition: a review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the available reduced order modeling approaches in the literature for predicting the flow and specially temperature fields inside data centers in terms of the involved design parameters.Design/methodology/approach – This paper begins with a motivation for flow/thermal modeling needs for designing an energy‐efficient thermal management system in data centers. Recent studies on air velocity and temperature field simulations in data centers through computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD/HT) are reviewed. Meta‐modeling and reduced order modeling are tools to generate accurate and rapid surrogate models for a complex system. These tools, with a focus on low‐dimensional models of turbulent flows are reviewed. Reduced order modeling techniques based on turbulent coherent structures identification, in particular the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are explained and reviewed in more details. Then, the available approaches for rapid thermal modeling of...
Hemorrhagic sympathoinhibition mediated through the periaqueductal gray in the rat.

Abstract In response to hemorrhage in the anesthetized rat, an initial renal sympathoexcitation is followed by profound sympathoinhibition and hypotension with increasing blood loss. Microinjection of the γ-aminobutyric acid A agonist muscimol to block neurotransmission through the sympathoinhibitory region of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) did not alter resting sympathetic nerve activity or blood pressure. However, the response to hemorrhage was converted to a maintained renal sympathoexcitation with a delayed and attenuated accompanying hypotension. These data indicate that neurons in the vlPAG mediate the sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to severe hemorrhage.
Narrative Therapy and Cultural Democracy: A Testimony View

In this article I discuss my personal introduction to narrative therapy as an African American family therapist and my discovery of the similarities between narrative practices and my own approaches to therapeutic work. I also examine the cultural relationship between narrative therapy and the therapies of a growing number of communities outside of European dominant culture. The article questions the dominant approach to multiculturalism in the field today and introduces the idea of cultural democracy as an alternative approach to managing the relationship between narrative and other Euro-culture grounded therapies and the therapies of non-European peoples which may be similar to, yet culturally unique from, Euro-cultural therapies. This difference is not superficial or inconsequential. The article argues that a cultural democracy view challenges the emotional/ psychologically colonizing links based in presumption of Euro-cultural superiority of the ideas of Europe over the rest of the therapeutic world. This cultural democracy perspective creates a relationship of mutual respect and cross cultural influence between narrative therapy and other Euro-cultural therapies and the therapies developed by non-European peoples.
Disjunction types and their frequencies in two heterozygous reciprocal translocations of Blattella germanica (L.).

Adjacent-1, alternate-1, adjacent-2, and alternate-2 disjunction configurations were observed cytologically at metaphase I in heterozygotes from two reciprocal chromosome translocations in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). T(7; 12) shows random disjunction and the frequencies of the above four types were in a ratio of 2∶1∶1∶2 (p>0.90). T(3; 12) has directed disjunction (about 70% alternate) which is attributable to a heavy preponderance of alternate-2. No interpretable ratio occurs here except for the equality of alternate-1 and adjacent-2 types. These observations confirm the existence of two types of alternate disjunction, and provide insight into the basis for random vs directed disjunction.
Beginnings for historical climatology

Climate and History. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb. Pp.280. Hbk ISBN 0-691-05331-6; pbk ISBN 0-691-00787-X. (Princeton University Press: 1981.) Hbk £14.90, $26; pbk £4.40, $7.75. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. Edited by T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. Pp.530. ISBN 0-521-23902-8. (Cambridge University Press: 1982.) £30, $59.95.
Implementation of Ray tracing on the hypercube

This preliminary report presents one implementation of a ray tracing system. The ray tracing system was divided and distributed onto the hypercube based on the data to be processed. The implementation which includes a dynamic load balancing scheme will be shown to be very efficient for large scenes.
Do hypercubes sort faster than tree machines

We develop a balanced, parallel quicksort algorithm for a hypercube and compare it with a similar algorithm for a binary tree machine. The performance of the hypercube algorithm is measured on a Computing Surface.
Wideband space-time communication: from propagation-based models to information-theoretic design prescriptions

While much of the activity on space-time, or multi-antenna, communication has focused on narrowband indoor systems, in this work, we consider the complementary setting of wideband outdoor channels typical of fourth generation cellular and fixed wireless systems, with a focus on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Starting from propagation studies available in the literature, we obtain an analytical framework for information-theoretic design prescriptions that, compared to conventional space-time communication strategies, improve performance while reducing transceiver complexity. We introduce the notion of implicit feedback, applicable to both TDD and FDD systems, in which the base station learns the spatial covariance of the downlink spatial channel by averaging uplink measurements across frequency. We develop rules of thumb for optimizing antenna spacing for systems with such "free" feedback and show that the number of antennas at the base station can be scaled up, thus increasing the beamforming gain, without any increase in complexity at the mobile. Spatial covariance estimation also simplifies receiver processing on the uplink, enabling a novel method of noncoherent eigenbeamforming, which yields beamforming gains without explicit channel estimation. Key to these results is the observation that, for appropriately spaced antenna elements, a typical outdoor cellular channel has a small number of dominant spatial eigenmodes, even as the number of antenna elements at the base station is scaled up.
Guided wave nuances for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation

Recent developments in guided wave generation, reception, and mode control show that increased penetration power and sensitivity are possible. A tone burst function generator and appropriate signal processing are generally used. Variable angle beam and comb-type transducers are the key to this effort. Problems in tubing, piping, hidden corrosion detection in aging aircraft, adhesive and diffusion bonding, and ice detection are discussed. Additionally, sample configurations, inspection objectives, and logic are being developed for such sample problems as defect detection and analysis in lap splice joints, tear straps, cracks in a second layer, hidden corrosion in multiple layers, cracks from rivet holes, transverse cracking in a beam, and cracks in landing gear assembly. Theoretical and experimental aspects of guided wave analysis include phase velocity, group velocity, and attenuation dispersion curves; boundary element model analysis for reflection and transmission factor analysis; use of wave structure for defect detection sensitivity; source influence on the phase velocity spectrum, and the use of angle beam and comb transducer technology. Probe design and modeling considerations are being explored. Utilization of in-plane and out-of-plane displacement patterns on the surface and longitudinal power distribution across the structural cross-section are considered for improved sensitivity, penetration power, and resolution in nondestructive evaluation. Methods of controlling the phase velocity spectrum for mode and frequency selection are available. Such features as group velocity change, mode cut-off measurements, mode conversion, amplitude ratios of transmission, and reflection factors of specific mode and frequency as input will be introduced for their ability to be used in flaw and material characterization analysis.
Utilizing Co-Workers as "Natural Supports" Evidence on Cost Efficiency, Job Retention, and Other Employment Outcomes

The present study sought to determine whether involving nondisabled co-workers in the training of supported employees could increase (a) cost efficiency, (b) tenure, (c) job retention, (d) hours worked, and (e) gross wages. The present study also sought to determine whether co-worker involvement was related to the supported employee's (a) IQ, (b) level of mental retardation, (c) age, (d) gender, (e) ethnicity, and (f) number of disabilities. Co-worker involvement did not increase cost efficiency, although it appeared to increase the tenure by more than a year (12.36 months). No other employment outcomes were related to co-worker involvement, nor was co-worker involvement associated with any demographic variable investigated.
Health Risks of Oregon Eighth-Grade Participants in the “Choking Game”: Results From a Population-Based Survey

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Estimates of youth participation in strangulation activity, commonly referred to as the "choking game," range from 5% to 11%. Previous studies have documented correlations between youth choking game participation and health risks such as substance use and mental health issues. WHAT THIS STUDYADDS: Among Oregon eighth-graders surveyed, .6% had ever participated in the choking game. Participation was linked to poor nutrition and gambling among females, exposure to violence among males, and sexual activity and substance use among both genders. abstract To examine the risk behaviors associated with participa- tion in the "choking game" by eighth-graders in Oregon. METHODS: We obtained data from the 2009 Oregon Healthy Teens sur- vey, a cross-sectional weighted survey of 5348 eighth-graders that questioned lifetime prevalence and frequency of choking game participation. The survey also included questions about physical and mental health, gambling, sexual activity, nutrition, physical activity/body image, exposure to violence, and substance use. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of choking game participation was 6.1% for Oregon eighth-graders, with no differences between males and females. Of the eighth-grade choking game participants, 64% had engaged in the activity more than once and 26.6% .5 times. Among males, black youth were more likely to participate than white youth. Among both females and males, Pacific Islander youth were much more likely to participate than white youth. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that sexual activity and substance use were significantly associated with choking game participation for both males and females. CONCLUSIONS: At .6%, the prevalence of choking game participation among Oregon youth is consistent with previous findings. However, we found that most of those who participate will put themselves at risk more than once. Participants also have other associated health risk behaviors. The comprehensive adolescent well visit, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, is a good opportunity for providers to conduct a health behavior risk assessment and, if ap- propriate, discuss the dangers of engaging in this activity. Pediatrics
Measures and perception of phase distortion in electroacoustical systems

Phase distortion and group delay distortion are defined. Examples are given indicating quantitative amounts of phase distortion produced by loudspeakers, anti-alias filters and analog magnetic recorders. A frequency-dependent tolerance on group delay distortion is developed based on numerous perceptual studies. Three new phase sensitivity experiments are proposed to assess more fully the perceptual significance of phase distortion in music reproduction with conventional electroacoustic transducers.
Breast cancer and dietary and plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin A

A case-control study of breast cancer was conducted inBuffalo. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and donateda fasting blood sample before definitiveworkup for breast masses. Dietaryand plasma concentrationsof carotenoids and retinol for 83 women foundto have breast cancer were compared with those of 1 13 women found to befree of breast cancer (control subjects). There were no case-controldifferences in dietary estimates of vitamin A intakeor in plasma a-caroteneand lycopene. However, subjects with breast cancer had lower concentrationsof plasma fj-carotene than did control subjects (P = 0.02). There was nooverall association between plasma retinol and breast cancer but a positiverelationship was observed between retinol and breast cancerin thesubgroup with low fj-carotene values. These results suggest that low plasmafj-carotene is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Other studieswill need to determine whether low carotene concentrations are a subtleeffect of the disease or might be causally related to breast cancer
Nondestructive indicator of ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase activity in embryonic fish

Many environmental contaminants of concern produce aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated effects often assessed as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. We modified a standardized embryonic and larval fish bioassay using an estuarine fish species (Fundulus heteroclitus) to include measurement of fluorescence in the urinary bladders of living embryos as a nondestructive indicator of EROD activity. This fluorescence was observed only in embryos exposed to the EROD substrate and Ah receptor agonists and was consistent in fluorescence characteristics with the EROD product, resorufin. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-agonist exposures at sublethal concentrations in the parts per billion range, produced significant increases in EROD fluorescence in embryos as young as 3 d postfertilization. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that this fluorescence method is a specific and sensitive nondestructive indicator of Ah receptor-mediated effects in an embryonic fish. As such, this simple method may be useful for assessing effects of environmental contaminants on the early development of fishes and to link molecular indicators with organism-level responses.
Energy intake and diet selection during buffet consumption in women classified by the 6-n-propylthiouracil bitter taste phenotype

Background: Exposure to a variety of energy-dense foods promotes increased energy intake and adiposity. Taste blindness to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) has been associated with increased adiposity in women and might be linked to an increased energy intake and greater selection of dietary fat. Objective: We investigated whether PROP nontaster (NT) women would consume more fat and energy in a buffet setting than medium taster (MT) or supertaster (ST) women. Design: Seventy-five non‐diet-restrained, lean, young women [mean 6 SEM BMI (in kg/m 2 ): 21.5 6 0.6; age: 26.1 6 1.3 y) ate lunch and dinner in the laboratory for 3 consecutive days under the following 2 conditions: ad libitum control meals (CONTs) or high-variety buffet meals (BUFFs). A standard breakfast was consumed each day of the study (4-d washout between conditions). Results: NTs and MTs consumed more energy and fat (as the percentage of energy) from BUFFs than did STs (P , 0.01), which contributed to higher daily energy intakes in these 2 groups of women during BUFFs (2149 6 49 kcal/d for NTs and 2209 6 48 kcal/d for MTs compared with 1933 6 50 kcal/d for STs; P , 0.01). Together, NTs and MTs consumed an extra 246 kcal/d during BUFFs than during CONTs. In addition, compared with STs, NTs and MTs consumed more added fats and sweets (servings/d; P , 0.003) and more energy from snacks (P , 0.01) across all study days. Conclusions: NT and MT women consume more daily energy than do ST women when eating in ab uffet setting, which is ac ommon type of dietary exposure. This increase in energy intake over time could contribute to a positive energy balance and increased adiposity previously reported in these women. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98:1583‐91.
Metastasis suppression: a role of the Dice(r)

Recent studies have implicated the microRNA biogenesis enzyme Dicer as a suppressor of breast carcinoma metastasis and elucidated upstream signaling pathways that control Dicer levels.
GENETIC RECOMBINATION BETWEEN THE RESISTANCE TRANSFER FACTOR AND THE CHROMOSOME OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

Ginoza, Herbert S. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, Calif.), and Robert B. Painter. Genetic recombination between the resistance transfer factor and the chromosome of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 87:1339–1345. 1964.—Genetic instability for high-level streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance was observed in several strains of Escherichia coli infected with the resistance transfer factor (RTF) episome. The altered site was always found on the chromosome, and the resistance characteristics were similar to, if not identical with, the corresponding determinant found on the episome. The high-level drug resistance phenotype was ascribed to two separate loci acting cooperatively within the host. The instability phenomenon had been attributed to a genetic exchange mechanism in which the chromosome copies the drug-resistance information from the episome, thus giving rise to a diploid homogenote for this segment. In a reciprocal exchange system, the tetracycline-resistance marker on the chromosome was shown to recombine with the RTF episome lacking this information.
Selfish operons: the evolutionary impact of gene clustering in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

The Selfish Operon Model postulates that the organization of bacterial genes into operons is beneficial to the constituent genes in that proximity allows horizontal cotransfer of all genes required for a selectable phenotype; eukaryotic operons formed for very different reasons. Horizontal transfer of selfish operons most probably promotes bacterial diversification.
Poor post-operative growth in infants with two-ventricle physiology.

BackgroundAdequate nutritional support is essential for normal infant growth and development. Infants with congenital cardiac disease are known to be at risk for growth failure. We sought to describe perioperative growth in infants undergoing surgical repair of two-ventricle congenital cardiac disease and assess for predictors of their pattern of growth.Materials and methodsFull-term infants who underwent surgical repair of two-ventricle congenital cardiac disease at a single institution were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study performed following a larger prospective study. Infants with facial, gastrointestinal, or neurologic anomalies, trisomy chromosomal abnormality, birth weight less than 2500 grams, or those transferred to another institution before discharge home were excluded. The primary outcome was change in weight-for-age z score from surgery to discharge. Our secondary outcome variable was post-operative hospital length of stay.ResultsA total of 76 infants met the inclusion criteria. Medain age at surgery was 5 days with a range from 1 to 44. The median weight-for-age z score at surgery was −0.2 with a range from −2.9 to 2.8 and by discharge had dropped to −1.2 with a range from −3.4 to 1.8. The median change in weight-for-age z score from surgery to discharge was −1.0 with a range from −2.3 to 0.2. Delayed post-operative nutrition (p < 0.001) and reintubation following initial post-operative extubation (p = 0.001) were associated with decrease in weight-for-age z score.ConclusionsInfants undergoing repair of two-ventricle congenital cardiac disease had poor growth in the post-operative period. This may be mitigated by early initiation of post-operative nutrition.