cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of caveolin-1 on lymph node metastasis of the head and neck cancer.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5140 Background: Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the principal structural protein of the caveolae and an important cellular signaling regulator. Though Cav-1 has been studied for many years, its expression and function in head and neck squamous cell carci nomas (HNSCC) remain unclear. We recently demonstrated down-regulation of Cav-1 in lymph node metastasis using a HNSCC metastatic mouse model (Chen et al., AACR 46#:204, 2005). The current study was designed to clarify the functions of Cav-1 in HNSCC. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of Cav-1 in HNSCC tumor specimens including paired primary tumors and lymph node metastases from the same patients and lymph node negative primary tumors (total tumor specimens n=114 from 74 patients). Metastatic HNSCC cell lines stably transfected with cav-1 cDNA were constructed to investigate the role of Cav-1 in cell proliferation, invasion, and anoikis-resistance. Results: Increased expression of Cav-1 was observed with progression from normal to tumor whereas Cav-1 was significantly decreased in lymph node metastases (p< 0.0001). Pair-wise comparison revealed significantly reduced Cav-1 expression from primary tumors to lymph node metastases in the same patients (n=31, p=0.0002). Additionally, the expression was correlated with tumor differentiation (p<0.0001) and inversely correlated with N-stages (p<0.0001) but not correlate with T-stage, tumor sites, patient age and survival rate. Examination of HNSCC cell lines revealed that loss of Cav-1 expression in highly metastatic cells was restored to a similar level as their poorly metastatic parental cells by treatment with a demethylation agent 5-aza-2’deoxycytidine. Over-expression of Cav-1 in the metastatic cells displayed less activated EGFR, ERK1/2, c-Src, p38α and lower integrin β1 level than the control. Furthermore, cell proliferation, invasion and anoikis-resistance were substantially decreased in Cav-1 transfected metastatic cells compared with the control. Lipid rafts and co-immunoprecipiation studies have provided evidence that Cav-1 interacts with c-Src signaling pathway. The inhibitory effect of Cav-1 on these metastatis-related phenotypes was associated with inhibition of activated c-Src and p38α. Conclusion: Our studies with both HNSCC tissues and cell lines suggest that over-expression of Cav-1 in metastatic HNSCC has a negative impact on metastasis by regulating mainly c-Src and p38α-mediated signaling pathways. The effect of Cav-1 on metastasis is a promising avenue of research that merits further investigation. (Supported by NIDCR R21grant to ZC).
An automated technique for real-time production of lifelike animations of American Sign Language

Generating sentences from a library of signs implemented through a sparse set of key frames derived from the segmental structure of a phonetic model of ASL has the advantage of flexibility and efficiency, but lacks the lifelike detail of motion capture. These difficulties are compounded when faced with real-time generation and display. This paper describes a technique for automatically adding realism without the expense of manually animating the requisite detail. The new technique layers transparently over and modifies the primary motions dictated by the segmental model and does so with very little computational cost, enabling real-time production and display. The paper also discusses avatar optimizations that can lower the rendering overhead in real-time displays.
A Prototype Spatio-temporal Database Built on Top of Relational Database

A spatio-temporal database manages both space and time data, whose position or extent may change over time. It is widely used in Transportation Management Systems and Geographic Information Systems to answer queries for objects at a particular position during a period of time. In this paper, we build a spatio-temporal database prototype by implementing a space-filling curve and R-tree inside a relational database. In particular, we use a relational database as a storage medium, but construct a Morton R-tree inside the relational database for fast data retrieval. Experiments with large real-world dataset show that our approach outperforms an existing modern spatial database by 40% for individual queries. Under concurrent queries, our system dramatically outperforms the existing commercial spatial database by a factor of 6.47.
Chapter 8 Diphenyloxazinones: versatile templates for the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acid, peptide isosteres, and natural products

Publisher Summary This chapter shows the diphenyloxazinone template, which possesses a wide variety of reactivity manifolds that provides access to the synthesis of structurally diverse amino acids, their derivatives, and nitrogen-containing natural products. Current methods include glycine electrophilic reactivity, conversion to the phosphonate, enolate alkylation, radical chemistry, azomethine ylide dipolar cycloadditions, formation of heterocycles at nitrogen, and homologation at the lactone carbonyl, which has provided access to peptide isosteres and other nitrogen-containing substances in optically pure form. The chapter also provides guidelines for selecting hydrogenation conditions, but the auxiliary removal procedure remains highly substrate-dependent and necessarily empirical. Current natural products whose syntheses are being pursued include palau’ amine, axinellamine, quinine, tuberostemoninol, MPC-1001, ecteinascidin 743, lemonomycin, renieramycin I, bioxalomycin α2, microsclerodermin H, quinine, nakadomarin A, zetekitoxin, and numerous isotopically labeled amino acids and their derivatives.
From CMS to SNS: Educational Networking for Urban Teachers

A complex view of the socioeconomic digital divide in urban schools requires us to address not only the gaps in access to technology, but also inequities in access to human support, digital content, and effective pedagogical approaches to technology integration. This study explored the use of social networking site (SNS) as a platform to provide a supportive human and social infrastructure in an urban educational context. The use of SNS was compared with the mainstream course management system (CMS) by urban teachers in terms of the education, esthetic, escapist, and entertainment aspects of their learning experience. The study results suggested a high degree of learner engagement in all four aspects of participants‘ use of SNS, whereas the esthetic and entertainment realms of experience were found to be the weakest components of the mainstream CMS. These findings contribute to current understanding of repurposing popular open source technologies for teaching and learning in socioeconomically disadvantaged urban schools.
Estimation and analysis of nonlinear stochastic systems.

The algebraic and geometric structures of certain classes of nonlinear stochastic systems were exploited in order to obtain useful stability and estimation results. The class of bilinear stochastic systems (or linear systems with multiplicative noise) was discussed. The stochastic stability of bilinear systems driven by colored noise was considered. Approximate methods for obtaining sufficient conditions for the stochastic stability of bilinear systems evolving on general Lie groups were discussed. Two classes of estimation problems involving bilinear systems were considered. It was proved that, for systems described by certain types of Volterra series expansions or by certain bilinear equations evolving on nilpotent or solvable Lie groups, the optimal conditional mean estimator consists of a finite dimensional nonlinear set of equations. The theory of harmonic analysis was used to derive suboptimal estimators for bilinear systems driven by white noise which evolve on compact Lie groups or homogeneous spaces.
Chapter 7 - Cell and Molecular Responses to Hypoxic Stress

One of the most fascinating subjects in human and mammalian physiology and biology is that of adaptation and survival to different or hostile environments. This chapter presents an example of a properly studied adaptive system, the hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF), and the molecular basis for the adaptive mechanisms that it induces. This chapter presents newer ways of addressing questions pertaining to cell and molecular responses to stress, such as hypoxia. The Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans) model has been properly harnessed in the area of apoptosis and muscle differentiation. The successes in these genetic models should serve as an impetus for their use to solve questions that are important in this area of research. Such successes have been made possible by a number of factors: (1) these models, especially the Drosophila, have been studied genetically and molecularly and hence considerable data regarding chromosome mutations have been acquired; (2) the generation time is small and the generation sire is large, allowing for genetic manipulation and loci mapping; (3) molecular biology is relatively easy to perform on these animals, in contrast to others, such as the turtle.
The effect of multidisciplinary teams for rectal cancer on delivery of care and patient outcome: has the use of multidisciplinary teams for rectal cancer affected the utilization of available resources, proportion of patients meeting the standard of care, and does this translate into changes in patient outcome?

Abstract Background We hypothesized that mandatory multidisciplinary team (MDT) participation improves process evaluation, outcomes, and technical aspects of surgery for rectal cancer in a stable practice of colorectal surgery. Methods A retrospective review of MDT data was conducted of all patients with colorectal cancer since 2010. Demographic, clinical stage, process evaluation, quality of surgery, and outcome data were collected. Total mesorectal excision and MDT required participation started 2013. Results One hundred thirty patients were included in this study: 47 patients in 2014; 41 patients in 2013; and 42 patients pre-MDT. Improvements were seen in 12 of the 14 preoperative process variables, 6 significantly. Improvement in the completeness of total mesorectal excision (0% to 76%) was significant. Local recurrence occurred in 10% of the pre-MDT group, and follow-up is ongoing in the MDT groups. Conclusions MDT participation improves care of patients with rectal cancer. Preoperative clinical staging, multimodality treatment, pathologic staging, and technical aspects of surgery have improved.
Quasi-harmonic analysis and applications of coupled Schottky lines

A quasiharmonic analysis of coupled nonlinear lossy lines such as coupled Schottky lines is presented. The system analyzed consists of two identical, uniformly coupled transmission lines with uniformly distributed nonlinear capacitances. It is shown that such coplanar structures can be utilized as voltage-tunable codirectional couplers and switches. The example of a dual-gate-type structure for application at 15 GHz is included. >
Studies on allergoids from naturally occurring allergens III. Preparation of ragweed pollen allergoids by aldehyde modification in two steps

Abstract We have devised a new process for modifying heat-labile allergens, which employs a sequential "two-step" incubation at temperatures of 10° C and 30° to 32° C. This process was found to produce effective ragweed "allergoids" with low allergenicity and good immunogenicity, which makes them useful for the therapy of allergic humans. Modification with formaldehyde produced derivatives ("formallergoids") that were about 10-fold less allergenic in allergic humans (as measured by leukocyte histamine-release assay), and similarly or more immunogenic in guinea pigs, than glutaraldehyde-modified allergens ("glutarallergoids"). Further analysis by RAST inhibition showed that a ragweed formallergoid was sixfold less reactive than a glutarallergoid with a pool of human IgE antibodies. However, the formallergoid had retained the ability to induce a wide array of antibodies against native ragweed antigens, since rabbit anti-formallergoid serum was able to recognize at least 12 different ragweed antigens, including AgE. Gel-filtration experiments showed that both the formallergoid and glutarallergoid materials contained polymers having apparent molecular weights distributed around 260,000 and 230,000 daltons, respectively (approximate range 30,000 to 900,000 daltons). Our studies provide the immunochemical basis for the use of these allergoids in the therapy of allergic humans.
Differential response of citrus rootstocks to aluminum levels in nutrient solutions ii. plant mineral concentrations

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine relations between Al effects and mineral concentrations in citrus seedlings. Six‐month‐old seedlings of five citrus rootstocks were grown for 60 days in supernatant nutrient solutions of Al, P, and other nutrients. The solutions contained seven levels of Al ranging from 4 to 1655 μM. Al and similar P concentrations of 28 μM P. Aluminum concentrations in roots and shoots increased with increasing Al concentration in the nutrient solution. Aluminum concentrations in roots of Al‐tolerant rootstocks were higher than those of Al‐sensitive rootstocks. When Al concentrations in nutrient solution increased from 4 to 178 μM, the K, Mg, and P concentrations in roots and the K and P levels in shoots increased. Conversely, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in the roots and Ca, Mg, Cu, and Fe in the shoots decreased. The more tolerant rootstocks contained higher Fe concentrations in their roots than did the less tolerant ones when Al concentrations in solution were lower than...
PITFALL OR PROMISE: PROTEOMICS FOR NON-MODEL ORGANISMS

![Figure][1] As environmental conditions change, organisms respond by changing the expression patterns of the genes, and proteins that are encoded by their genomes, to cope with their altered circumstances. Changes in protein expression patterns in response to physiological phenomena can be
Conviction, Persuasion, and Argumentation: Untangling the Ends and Means of Influence

This essay offers a start on sorting out the relationships of argumentation and persuasion by identifying two systematic ways in which definitions of argumentation differ, namely, their descriptions of the ends and of the means involved in argumentative discourse. Against that backdrop, the traditional “conviction-persuasion” distinction is reassessed. The essay argues that the traditional distinction correctly recognizes the difference between the end of influencing attitudes and that of influencing behavior—but that it misanalyzes the means of achieving the latter (by focusing on emotional arousal) and that it mistakenly contrasts “rational” and “emotional” means of influence. The larger conclusion is that understanding the relationships of the phenomena of argumentation and persuasion will require close attention to characterizations of communicative ends and means.
Factors Associated with Outcome in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Antiangiogenic Agents

Known clinical factors associated with outcome in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include performance status, disease-free interval, number of metastatic sites, and several laboratory variables such as hemoglobin, calcium, and lactate dehydrogenase. These factors were pertinent to the era of immunotherapy. Recent analysis from trials with anti-VEGF agents shows these factors continue to be of major importance. Additionally, several serum and molecular markers, many of which relate to certain alterations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) pathway, are currently being investigated. Responses to VEGF-targeted agents seem to be related to a greater modulation of serum VEGF and soluble VEGF receptors levels. The impact of VHL gene status on clinical objective response to VEGF-targeted therapy was tested in a large study but was not found to predict a higher response rate to these agents. However, subsets of VHL mutations that predict a truncation of the VHL protein seem to have the best responses to these agents. Future prognostic models will incorporate molecular markers with clinical variables to refine prognosis and prediction in patients with metastatic clear-cell RCC treated with novel antiangiogenic agents. These models, if externally and prospectively validated, will rationally select patients for specific VEGF-directed therapeutic agents.
Optimization of a Mesoscale Combustor Using Heat Recirculation and Porous Inert Media

Continuous improvement of integrated circuitry has allowed for the development of small, sophisticated portable electronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for a wide range of applications. Compared to the electronics and other system components, the batteries powering small electronics and MEMS are large and heavy. Thus, smaller and lighter power systems are required to advance future products. Electricity for small systems may be supplied by miniature heat engines, which transform chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy, kinetic energy and electricity with the use of combustors, turbines and generators. Combustion at small scales is challenging because system heat losses to the surroundings are large and flow residence times are short. Heat recirculation can be used to improve combustion performance by reducing these heat losses and preheating reactants prior to ignition. Practical heat recirculation systems must be small to keep the overall system volume and mass small. The objectives of this study were: (a) to investigate heat transfer in miniature combustors, and (b) to identify effective means of reducing heat loss from small combustors. The analyses indicated that axial conduction through the combustor wall and radiation across the preheating annulus were the most significant pathways for heat loss from the system. Several design improvements, including extended surfaces and porous inert media (PIM) were analyzed. A design featuring PIM in the annulus with a gap between the PIM and outer wall was the most effective method of reducing system heat loss.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Secular bar formation in galaxies with a significant amount of dark matter

Using high resolution N-body simulations of stellar disks embedded in cosmologically motivated dark matter halos, we study the evolution of bars and the transfer of angular momentum between halos and bars. We find that dynamical friction results in some transfer of angular momentum to the halo, but the effect is much smaller than previously found in low resolution simulations and is incompatible with early analytical estimates. After 5 Gyrs of evolution the stellar component loses only 5% – 7% of its initial angular momentum. Mass and force resolutions are crucial for the modeling of bar dynamics. In low resolution (300 – 500 pc) simulations we find that the bar slows down and angular momentum is lost relatively fast. In simulations with millions of particles reaching a resolution of 20-40 pc, the pattern speed may not change over billions of years. Our high resolution models produce bars which are fast rotators, where the ratio of the corotation radius to the bar major semi-axis lies in the range R = 1.2 1.7, marginally compatible with observational results. In contrast to many previous simulations, we find that bars are relatively short. As in many observed cases, the bar major semi-axis is close to the exponential length of the disk. The transfer of angular momentum between inner and outer parts of the disk plays a very important role in the secular evolution of the disk and the bar. The bar formation increases the exponential length of the disk by a factor of 1.2 -1.5. The transfer substantially increases the stellar mass in the center of the galaxy and decreases the dark matter-to-baryons ratio. As the result, the central 2 kpc region is always strongly dominated by the baryonic component. At intermediate (3 – 10 kpc) scales the disk is sub-dominant. These models demonstrate that the efficiency of angular momentum transfer to the dark matter has been greatly overestimated. More realistic models produce bar structure in striking agreement with observational results.
Wavefront propagation for a class of degenerate reaction–diffusion equation

Abstract We identify characterizations of wavefront locations of a class of degenerate reaction–diffusion equations. We give conditions under which the wavefront locations can be approximated by those of the nondegenerate ones. Convergence of wavefronts are proved and examples satisfying the conditions are calculated.
A mental-health locus of control scale

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop and seek initial validation of a mental- health locus of control scale. Twenty-six mental-health professionals rated each of the 14 statements of a previously-designed mental-health service request form along a 5-point locus of control scale. Six of the 14 items met the study's criteria for inclusion in the mental-health locus of control scale. Discriminant validity of the scale was provided by a study demonstrating that psychotic patients were more external in their perceived locus of control than were a nonpsychotic patient comparison group. Other validation studies and research are suggested.
News on fundamental reference data

This column completes the description of the various Data Centers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) relevant to analytical atomic spectroscopists. It also discusses an effort to document needs for fundamental reference data, and reviews two literature articles
Effect of revascularization on long-term survival in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and a wide range of viability.

Short-term survival in patients with viability and ischemic left ventricular dysfunction appears improved by revascularization, but no randomized studies have shown a long-term benefit of revascularization in patients with a wide range of viability. Propensity analysis was used as a substitute for randomization in a study comparing the survival of revascularized and medically treated patients with ischemic dysfunction. Dobutamine echocardiography was performed in 274 patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 32%), with 32% having viability in ≥25% of the myocardium. Clinical, angiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics were comparable between treatment groups except for multivessel disease, hyperlipidemia, and the percentage of nonviable myocardium. A propensity score, reflecting the probability of receiving revascularization, was derived for each patient from baseline variables. After stratification by propensity scores, there were no differences between groups. Patients were followed for cardiac death. Revascularization was performed in 130 patients, and 144 were medically treated. There were 114 cardiac deaths (42%) over 4.5 years of follow-up. After propensity score adjustment, survival was better with revascularization (mean survival 5.9 vs 3.3 years, hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 027 to 0.65, p
UNITED STATES EXPERIENCE WITH ATRIAL FLUTTER ABLATION A STUDY OF TRENDS IN UTILIZATION, DEMOGRAPHIC DISPARITIES AND OUTCOMES USING THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE DATABASE FOR YEARS 2003-2010

Atrial Flutter (AFL) is a common arrhythmia treated effectively with catheter ablation. However, trends in utilization of this highly successful therapy have not been systematically evaluated. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (the largest all-payer database in the US) to identify
Mood changes in behavioral weight loss programs

Ten studies investigating the relationship between mood change and weight loss in behavioral weight loss programs were reviewed. Significant positive changes in mood were observed in 6 of the 10 studies. There was no evidence to indicate that untoward reactions to dieting were frequent, that patients with juvenile-onset obesity experienced more negative mood changes than those with adult-onset obesity, or that dropping out of treatment was a response to increasing depression. The positive changes in mood were related to active participation in a treatment program, and occurred in behavioral and nonbehavioral treatment programs. Differences between the studies reviewed and the earlier research on mood and weight loss are discussed and suggestions made for subsequent studies of mood changes during weight reduction.
Exploitation of Child Labor and the Dynamics of Debt Bondage

This paper is concerned with the institution of debt bondage and child labor employment in the context of an agrarian economy with overlapping generations. The model explores the principal-agent interaction between landlords and tenants, and identifies a set of reasons why households put children to work in response to the need to service outstanding debts, only to realize that child labor work is “ exploited”, and households are made strictly worse off in general equilibrium. Debt bondage in one generation is further shown to leave spillover effects, and contribute to the cycle of debt, bonded child labor and poverty across generations. In this context, the effectiveness of trade sanctions as a policy response to bonded child labor is evaluated. Contrary to expectations, a trade ban can set off a sequence of increasing indebtedness among agrarian households that offset the intended (static) disincentives to employ child labor.
Intracellular GTPγS restores the ability of morphine to hyperpolarize rat locus coeruleus neurons after blockade by pertussis toxin

Abstract The hyperpolarizing effect of morphine on locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, recorded with standard intracellular electrodes, was blocked in brain slices from rats pretreated with pertussis toxin, an inactivator of certain G proteins. In the same slices, when electrodes contained the hydrolysis-resistant GTP analog GTPγS, the ability of morphine to rapidly hyperpolarize LC neurons was restored and responses were similar in magnitude to those in control slices. We conclude that there is sufficient residual coupling between opiate receptors and G proteins after pertussis toxin treatment to allow the agonist to be effective when the hydrolysis-resistant GTP analog GTPγS is present.
Abstract 3594: Impact of metformin on HCC prognosis

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Concurrent with the increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in the USA. Metabolic syndrome is currently considered a major health problem. Moreover, long term diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for HCC. We have previously shown that use of metformin among diabetics was associated with 70% risk reduction of HCC as compare to the use of other types of antidiabetic treatment. It is not known, however, if diabetic patients with HCC who used metformin had a better prognosis. Between 2001 and 2010 we interviewed 438 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC for multiple risk factors of HCC including prior history of diabetes and type of antidiabetic treatment. Survival times were calculated from the date of pathology diagnosis and were censored for patients who were alive at the last follow up. Median survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier product-limit method and survival rates were compared using the log rank test. Cox proportional hazards model (CPHM) was used to estimate the multivariate Hazard Risk Ratios (HRR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Total of 130 HCC patients (29.7%) recalled prior history of diabetes with more than 1 year prior to HCC diagnosis. Most subjects were considered to have type 2 diabetes mellitus and were on an oral antidiabetic regimen. The survival duration for HCC patients with diabetes did not significantly differs from those without diabetes in men and women. However, HCC diabetic men who received metformin had a better survival outcome. The median survival was 14.9 months (95% CI, 1.3-28.9) for metformin users compared to 12.7 months (95% CI. 6.2-10.1) among HCC diabetic men who received other treatments, Log Rank p value=.04. CPHM, which included age, hepatitis C virus infection, alcohol consumption, treatment of HCC (chemotherapy and surgical treatment), history of cirrhosis, and Liver Italian Program (CLIP) staging score yielded 40% improvement of overall survival in HCC men with diabetes who received metformin as compared to other treatments. The estimated HRR (95% CI) was 0.56 (.35-.91), P =.02. These results suggest a possible beneficial role of metformin in diabetic men with HCC. Such observations need to be confirmed in other populations and with correlation with duration of metformin intake. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3594. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3594
Chelate-controlled carbonyl addition reactions. The exceptional chelating abilityof dimethylaluminum chloride and methylaluminum dichloride

Abstract Highly selective chelatinn-controlled aldol and allyl nucleophile additions to β-alkoxy aldehydes promoted by dimethylaluminum chloride and methylaluminum dichloride are described. Cationic aluminum chelates are proposed as intermediates in these reactions. Evidence is provided to support the claim that chelate organization with Me2AlCl and MeAlCl2 is possible even with β-tert-butyldimethyl-silyloxy groups. Stereoselectivity data comparing the chelating potential of Me2AlCl, McAlCl2, SnCl4, and TiCl4 is provided.
A novel modulation and demodulation technique for the downlink of spread spectrum multipath channels

In this letter, a novel method for modulation and demodulation of user information bit in spread spectrum code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems is proposed. Synchronous CDMA poses intrinsic protection against co-channel interference due to orthogonal spreading codes used. However, in the presence of multipath, signals lose their orthogonality property, leading to an increased cross correlation. In this letter, we show that the performance of the system will be close to single user system if we assign two codes to each user and these two codes are used for modulation and demodulation. The well-known maximum length sequence codes are good candidates for the present modulation and demodulation technique. The limiting factor to the system capacity is the maximum number of codes and the capacity is half of that number.
Flute instabilities in two-dimensional simulations of strongly inhomogeneous theta-pinch plasmas

Particle simulations initialized with inhomogeneous, self-consistent Vlasov equilibria that model theta pinches in the implosion and post-implosion phases have revealed a strongly unstable flute mode for ${T}_{i}g{T}_{e}$. Frequencies and wavelengths are in good agreement with the linear theory of the lower-hybrid-drift instability. Results agree with quasilinear estimates of heating rates and anomalous resistivity during the initial stages of the instability. The nonlinear saturation of the turbulence is consistent with ion trapping.
SALSA: A Pattern Recognition Algorithm To Detect Electrophile-Adducted Peptides by Automated Evaluation of CID Spectra in LC−MS−MS Analyses

A pattern recognition algorithm called SALSA (scoring algorithm for spectral analysis) has been developed to rapidly screen large numbers of peptide MS-MS spectra for fragmentation characteristics indicative of specific peptide modifications. The algorithm facilitates sensitive and specific detection of modified peptides at low abundance in an enzymatic protein digest. SALSA can simultaneously score multiple user-specified search criteria, including product ions, neutral losses, charged losses, and ion pairs that are diagnostic of specific peptide modifications. Application of SALSA to the detection of peptide adducts of the electrophiles dehydromonocrotaline, benzoquinone, and iodoacetic acid permitted their detection in a complex tryptic peptide digest mixture. SALSA provides superior detection of adducted peptides compared to conventional tandem MS precursor ion or neutral loss scans.
Electronic Structure of Inversion Layers in Many-Valley Semiconductors

We outline a new theory of the electronic structure of inversion layers in many-valley semiconductors which includes broken-symmetry many-body effects. This theory describes charge-density waves which account for the experimentally observed (i) degeneracy and (ii) occupancy of the electron levels, and (iii) the high cyclotron mass in the (111) surface $n$-type inversion layers of silicon. It reduces to earlier theories at the Si (100) surface, where theory and experiment are in good agreement.
Forum UNESCO — University and Heritage

A unique project that has UNESCO and universities worldwide joining forces to safeguard the cultural heritage is described by Jonathan Bell, a graduate of Harvard University and the Sorbonne, who has extensive academic and hands-on experience with Buddhist murals in China and Tibet. As a UNESCO consultant, he helped develop and administer a number of cultural heritage projects around the world, particularly Forum UNESCO — University and Heritage. He is currently pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University.
The effects of pronoun processing on information utilization during fixations in reading

This experiment tested the hypothesis that the time of utilization of information during eye fixations is sometimes delayed because concurrent comprehension processes are still occupied with analyzing previous information (the variable utilization time hypothesis). The method of determining the time of utilization used in previous experiments (Blanchard, McConkie, Zola, & Wolverton, 1984) was combined with a manipulation of comprehension difficulty. The comprehension manipulation involved varying the distance between a pronoun and its referent, which Ehrlich and Rayner (1983) had shown to cause delayed processing effects. The desired effects were not obtained in this experiment; thus the variable utilization time hypothesis cannot be properly tested with these results. Reasons for the failure to replicate Ehrlich and Rayner’s (1983) effects are investigated. Also, some unpredicted results that support the variable utilization time hypothesis are discussed.
Paleointensity variations of Earth's magnetic field and their relationship with polarity reversals

Abstract Power-spectral analyses of the intensity of Earth's magnetic field inferred from ocean sediment cores and archeomagnetic data from time scales of 100 yr to 10 Myr have been carried out. The power spectrum is proportional to 1/ f where f is the frequency. These analyses compliment previous work which has established a 1/ f 2 spectrum for variations at time scales less than 100 yr. We test the hypothesis that reversals are the result of variations in field intensity with a 1/ f spectrum which occasionally are large enough to cross the zero intensity value. Synthetic binormal time series with a 1/ f power spectrum representing variations in Earth's dipole moment are constructed. Synthetic reversals from these time series exhibit statistics in good agreement with the reversal record, suggesting that polarity reversals may be the end result of autocyclic intensity variations with a 1/ f power spectrum.
Engineering an antibiotic to fight cancer: Optimization of the novobiocin scaffold to produce anti-proliferative agents

Development of the DNA gyrase inhibitor, novobiocin, into a selective Hsp90 inhibitor was accomplished through structural modifications to the amide side chain, coumarin ring, and sugar moiety. These species exhibit ∼700-fold improved anti-proliferative activity versus the natural product as evaluated by cellular efficacies against breast, colon, prostate, lung, and other cancer cell lines. Utilization of structure–activity relationships established for three novobiocin synthons produced optimized scaffolds, which manifest midnanomolar activity against a panel of cancer cell lines and serve as lead compounds that manifest their activities through Hsp90 inhibition.
Influencing Success: Configuring the WorldCat Knowledge Base With User Needs in Mind

The University Libraries (UL) of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) recently migrated to OCLC's WorldShare Management Services (WMS) and the full version of WorldCat Local (WCL). This resulted in significant changes to our display of periodicals (both print and electronic) in the public catalog and the Journal A–Z List. Serials are problematic in any migration, and ease of use by patrons was our primary concern. This article briefly reviews the migration process to WMS and WCL and describes how UNCG configured and populated the WorldCat Local knowledge base for user access to electronic (and print) journals.
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Is Common in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Large-Volume Resuscitation:

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) have been well described in surgical patients. Large-volume resuscitation is thought to be a risk factor for IAH/ACS in this group. However, little is known of the incidence of IAH/ACS in critically ill medical patients. The authors aim to ascertain the incidence of ACS in critically ill medical patients receiving large-volume resuscitation. Over an 8-month study period, the authors performed a prospective cohort study of medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a minimum net positive fluid balance of 5 L within the preceding 24 hours. The primary outcome of interest is the development of ACS, defined as an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) > or = 20 mm Hg associated with new organ dysfunction. IAP was measured by transducing bladder pressure and was recorded along with fluid balance at enrollment and every 12 hours thereafter up to 96 hours. The setting is a medical ICU at a major university hospital. Of the 468 medical ICU admissions screened, 40 (8.5%) were identified who met the 24-hour fluid balance inclusion criterion. Upon enrollment, this cohort had a mean Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 23 and a median positive fluid balance of 6.9 L. Thirty-four of the 40 study patients (85%) had intra-abdominal hypertension (IAP > or = 12 mm Hg). During the study period, 13 of the 40 (33%) patients developed IAP > or = 20 mm Hg and 10 (25%) met the criteria for ACS. None underwent laparotomy. ACS is frequently found in critically ill medical patients receiving large-volume resuscitation. The clinical significance of this finding remains unclear. However, routine monitoring of IAP should be considered in medical patients with a 5-L net positive fluid balance in 24 hours. Future studies are warranted to evaluate clinical outcomes of medical patients with ACS and risk factors for its development.
An Overview of Paleozoic-Mesozoic Structures Developed in the Central White-Inyo Range, Eastern California

The central White-Inyo Range of eastern California is composed of a 7.5 km thick succession of Neoproterozoic to Upper Cambrian sedimentary rocks that have been deformed into a series of NE and N to NW-trending folds. The map distribution of the sedimentary rocks is primarily controlled by the younger N to NW-trending folds that define the White Mountain-Inyo anticlinorium. Smaller-scale folds and associated cleavage, which strongly fans in a divergent pattern about the fold hinge surfaces, are associated with both periods of fold development. Older NE-trending folds and associated cleavage are developed in a NW-trending belt that crosses the range in a structural saddle between the White Mountain and Inyo anticlines. These NE-trending folds are of smaller wavelength than the older N to NW-trending regional-scale folds, although both fold generations are developed on the cm-km scale. The intensity of both fold and cleavage development generally increases toward the west. Interference between the NE and th...
Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres in respirable sizes enhance an in vitro T cell response to recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B.

Purpose To investigate the use of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles in respirable sizes as carriers for Antigen 85B (Ag85B), a secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the ultimate goal of employing them in pulmonary delivery of tuberculosis vaccine.
A microbubble pressure transducer with bubble nucleation core

A microchannel-based microbubble (μB) transducer (μBPT) having a μB nucleation core (μBNC) was developed to achieve low power operation in wet environments. In this work, we investigate μB dynamics within the transducer structure and pressure transduction. The transducer leverages electrochemical impedance (EI)-based measurement to monitor the instantaneous response of μB size changes induced by hydrostatic pressure changes. We demonstrated on-demand μB nucleation by electrolysis and real-time pressure tracking (-93 Ω/mmHg over 0-350 mmHg). Repeatable, efficient electrolytic generation of stable microbubbles (<; 1.5 nL with <; 2% size variation) was achieved using a μBNC structure attached centrally to the microchannel. Biocompatible construction (only Parylene and Pt), small footprint, low power consumption (<; 60 μW), and liquid-based operation of μBPTs are ideal for in vivo pressure monitoring applications.
Atomic-layer Deposition for Improved Performance of III-N Avalanche Photodiodes

We have investigated surface modification methods for avalanche photodiodes using dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Arrays of mesa GaN APDs were fabricated, and ALD Al2O3 was used for sidewall passivation prior to completing the APD array. The use of ALD Al2O3 in this manner was observed to result in a large average improvement in APD dark current when compared with devices using more conventional SiO2 passivation layers produced by chemical vapor deposition. Co-processed metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated with the same passivation layers show significant improvement in electrical interface quality for devices with ALD Al2O3.
Scheduling to reduce conflict in meetings

Conflicts in scheduling can be treated as defining an undirected linear graph independently of the relation of the activities in conflict to additional constraints of time and space. Each connected component of such a graph, which can be found by an algorithm described by Gotlieb and Corneil, corresponds to a set of events that must be scheduled at different times.
Results from field testing A curved box girder bridge using simulated earthquake loads

This paper presents the results of a unique field test on a curved highway overpass. In the test, large horizontal loads were applied to the superstructure of the bridge and quickly released, causing the bridge to vibrate. The resulting large-amplitude vibrations were intended to be similar to the vibrations caused by earthquakes (horizontal accelerations of up to 25 per cent of gravity were measured on the bridge deck). Well-defined lateral, longitudinal, vertical and torsional vibration modes were identified from the test data. The vibration modes were used to verify an analytical model of the bridge's dynamic response. For this paper, the model was verified using only the fundamental vibration mode, which was primarily a horizontal vibration mode. Using a system identification procedure, the dynamic response model was adjusted until its frequency and mode shape matched the measured frequency and mode shape. Parameters in the verified model were compared with the same parameters calculated from information in the structural drawings. Because the fundamental mode represents a horizontal mode, the bridge parameters identified in this paper were those parameters which strongly influence the horizontal response of the bridge.
Caspase-dependent Cleavage of ErbB-2 by Geldanamycin and Staurosporin

The geldanamycin-induced degradation of ErbB-2 produces a 23-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment, which has been isolated and subjected to amino-terminal microsequencing. The obtained sequence indicates that the amino terminus of this fragment corresponds to Gly-1126 of ErbB-2. Analysis of the residues immediately before Gly-1126 suggests that cleavage may involve caspase activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of Asp-1125 in ErbB-2 prevents geldanamycin-provoked formation of the 23-kDa fragment, consistent with the requirement of this residue for caspase-dependent cleavage in known substrates. Also, the addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocks formation of the 23-kDa ErbB-2 fragment in cells exposed to geldanamycin. Interestingly, staurosporin and curcumin are also shown to provoke the degradation of ErbB-2 with formation of the 23-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment. The generation of this fragment by staurosporin or curcumin is likewise blocked by caspase inhibition. Caspase inhibition does not prevent accelerated degradation of the 185-kDa native ErbB-2 in geldanamycin-treated cells but does significantly prevent staurosporin-stimulated metabolic loss of ErbB-2.
Nucleosynthesis in the early history of the solar system

Nucleosynthesis of D, Li, Be and B by high- energy solar particles during early history of solar system in nuclear spallation model
Opioid peptides within the midbrain periaqueductal gray suppress affective denfense behavior in the cat

Abstract The effects of the methionine-enkephalin analog [D-Ala 2 -Met 5 ]-enkephalinamide (DAME) upon the threshold for affective defense behavior were determined following microinjections placed into midbrain periaqueductal gray sites from which this response was elicited. Affective defense behavior was elicited by electrical stimulation through a cannula electrode situated in the dorsal aspect of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Dose-response curves characterizing the effects of DAME upon affective defense behavior were determined utilizing the following doses: 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μg in 0.5 μl saline, pH=7.4 or vehicle control (saline). Response thresholds were tested 10–30, 30–60, 60–90, 120–150, 180–210, 1440–1470 and 2880–2910 min postinjection. The results obtained indicated that injections of DAME at a dose of 1.0 μg/0.5 μl produced significant, long duration elevations in affective defense thresholds, lasting up to 1440–1470 min postinjection. Lower doses of DAME (0.25 and 0.5 μg/0.5 μl) also resulted in significant increases in affective defense thresholds, but these effects were of shorter durations (60–90 and 120–150 min) postinjection, respectively. The suppressive effects of DAME were blocked when animals were pretreated with naloxone (10 μg/0.5 μl) microinjected into the same midbrain periaqueductal gray site into which 0.25 μg DAME was injected and affective defense behavior was elicited.
Interfacial equilibrium during a first-order phase transformation in solids

A continuum thermodynamic treatment of the local equilibrium concentration at a two‐phase interface during a first‐order diffusional phase transition in crystalline solids is presented. It is assumed that the second‐phase domain has a spherical morphology, is coherent with the matrix, and possesses different elastic constants than the matrix. It is shown that the equilibrium concentration at the solid–solid interface is strongly coupled to the stress states of the matrix, precipitate, and interface as well as the interfacial curvature. This coupling gives rise to many new phenomena, such as the dependence of the equilibrium interfacial concentrations on the magnitude of the supersaturation in the parent phase, the misfit between the precipitate and matrix and the difference in the partial molar volumes of the diffusing species. Capillarity is also strongly influenced by the crystallinity through the surface stress and deformation, supersaturation of the parent phase, and the degree of elastic inhomogeneit...