cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feedback control of vibrations in a moving flexible robot arm with rotary and prismatic joints

A robot with a long extendible flexible arm which can also undergo both vertical translation and rotary motion is considered. First, a distributed-parameter model for the robot arm dynamics is developed. It is found that the extending motion could enhance the arm vibrations. Then, a Galerkin type approximation based on an appropriate time-dependent basis for the solution space is used to obtain an approximate finite-dimensional model for simulation studies. A feedback control for damping the motion-induced vibrations is derived by considering the time rate-of-change of the total vibrational energy of the flexible arm. The paper concludes with some simulation results for a special case with the proposed control law.
STRUCTURED ACADEMIC DISCUSSION AND ACADEMIC LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS

This action research study explored the use of Structured Academic Discussion (SAD) in a seventh-grade sheltered instruction U.S. history class. Findings indicated that SAD aided the language acquisition and mastery of new content of students with low English proficiency and supported the mastery of new content knowledge among intermediate ELLs.
Nanometer gaps by feedback-controlled electromigration

Nanometer-sized gap (or nanogap) is one of the most fundamental devices in the nanotechnology field. Park et. al., first proposed the open-circuit electromigration method to fabricate nanogaps, but the process is only repeatable if Au film is thinner than 20 nm. To overcome these drawbacks, we develop the feedback-controlled electromigration process and find that not only repeatable nanogaps can be created in thicker film (up to 120 nm or thicker in our experiments), but superior gap size control and topology are obtained. Moreover, we develop two new approaches to make free-standing nanogaps. The tunneling current between the nanogap electrodes was used to demonstrate a sensitive pressure and/or temperature sensor. Finally, we also develop a simple thermal-expansion method to measure the gap size without needing delicate instrument.
Back and forth error compensation and correction methods for semi-lagrangian schemes with application to level set interface computations

Semi-Lagrangian schemes have been explored by several authors recently for transport problems, in particular for moving interfaces using the level set method. We incorporate the backward error compensation method developed in our paper from 2003 into semi-Lagrangian schemes with almost the same simplicity and three times the complexity of a first order semi-Lagrangian scheme but with improved order of accuracy. Stability and accuracy results are proved for a constant coefficient linear hyperbolic equation. We apply this technique to the level set method for interface computation.
Myoelectric Pattern Recognition for Use in the Volitional Control of Above-Knee Prostheses

An algorithm through which above-knee (AK) amputees may exercise voluntary and subconscious control of knee flexion and extension with their prosthetic device is presented in this paper. It is hypothesized that spatial patterns of electromyograms (EMG) from muscles above the site of amputation can be separated into groups representing 1) knee flexion, 2) knee extension, and 3) hip action involving no knee activity. An experiment was designed and an apparatus constructed to apply known torques in various configurations to the right leg of normal subjects while sampling EMG from selected muscle groups. Various pattern classification techniques were then applied to judge the degree of separability among each of the three classes of patterns. It was found that the classification can be performed virtually without error depending upon the complexity of the training procedures used to develop the classifier parameters. In addition the magnitude of the classifier response (in the positive sense only) is correlated with the applied knee torque in the direction for which the classifier is designed. Similar results have been found with an above-knee amputee as a subject.
Plankton community respiration, net ecosystem metabolism, and oxygen dynamics on the Louisiana continental shelf: Implications for hypoxia

Abstract We conducted a multi-year study of the Louisiana continental shelf (LCS) to better understand the linkages between water column metabolism and the formation of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen 2 l −1 ) in the region. Water column community respiration rates ( WR ) were measured on 10 cruises during spring, summer and fall seasons from 2003 to 2007 at multiple sites distributed across the Louisiana continental shelf, overlapping the region where bottom-water hypoxia occurs. We found consistent broad scale patterns in WR rates that followed depth and salinity gradients across the shelf. Observed WR rates were highest at low salinity inner shelf stations ( WR rates than bottom waters, a pattern most pronounced near the Mississippi river during spring and early summer. Surface water WR rates were highest in eastern transects and decreased westward; a trend that was not evident in bottom waters. WR tended to be higher in spring and summer compared to fall months, but overall the seasonal variability was small. We combined the WR rate measurements with contemporaneous measurements of phytoplankton productivity rates (reported in Lehrter et al., 2009 , Continental Shelf Research, 29: 1861–1872) to estimate net water column metabolism. There was consistent evidence of net heterotrophy, particularly in western transects, and in deeper waters (>40 m depth), indicating a net organic carbon deficit on the LCS. We offer a simple scale argument to suggest that riverine and inshore coastal waters may be significant sources of organic carbon to account for this deficit. This study provided unprecedented, continental shelf scale coverage of heterotrophic metabolism, which is useful for constraining models of oxygen, carbon, and nutrient dynamics along the LCS.
An atomistic model of crack extension by kink propagation

A model originally developed to characterize the extension and breakage of interatomic bonds at the tip of a propagating brittle crack is used to describe crack extension through a crystalline lattice by kink motion. Magnitudes of the effective kink barriers against crack extension and healing are computed as a function of lattice strain and are found to exhibit a marked asymmetry, relative to each other, in their strain dependences. In addition, decohesion effects associated with the presence of certain foreign atomic species are simulated, and it is shown that, for a broad range of relative bond-weakening, the kink barriers against both crack extension and healing are completely eliminated.
How Jonsen Really Views Casuistry: A Note on the Abuse of Father Wildes

Kevin Wildes has recently argued in the Journal that Albert Jonsen's model of casuistry is ill-suited to a secular world context, because this model is rooted in a particular history and because of the moral pluralism of contemporary society in which a content-specific method of moral reasoning cannot readily be deployed. Contra Wildes, two arguments are offered. First, casuistry is not tied exclusively to Roman Catholic theology; casuistry also has deep roots in Classical thought, roots that Jonsen and Toulmin underscore. Second, the context of Roman Catholic theology can be distinguished from the method of casuistry, permitting that method to be deployed successfully in morally pluralistic contexts.
Thigh adductor flap: an experimental model for free flap transfer in the rat.

A new model of rat muscle free flap transfer is presented. The flap is based on a long pedicle originating from the femoral vessels and continuing down to the distal saphenous margin at the ankle. The distal portion of the semitendinosus muscle is harvested along with the saphenous artery and great saphenous vein. A larger muscle flap may be harvested by including the distal portions of the posterior and anterior gracilis muscles. The flap can be transferred to remote sites on the animal, with a vascular pedicle of up to 3 cm in length. The diameters of the vessels repaired are of standard microsurgical size. This model has distinct advantages of simplicity, speed of dissection, high success rate after microvascular transfer, and versatility in placement of the muscle mass (due to the long pedicle). © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of sediment contact and uptake mechanisms on accumulation of three chlorinated hydrocarbons in the midge, Chironomus riparius

Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are major contaminants of bottom sediments in many freshwater systems. The behavior and availability of sediment-sorbed compounds arouse much controversy due to the potential impact these contaminants could have on the ecosystem if they were to get into the food chain. Benthic organisms are at great risk from sediment-sorbed contaminants since they inhabit bottom sediments. In this investigation, uptake of sediment-sorbed 5,5{prime},6-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB), p,p{prime}-DDE and PCP by the midge (Chironomus riparius) was examined under 3 conditions. Uptake from direct contact with contaminated sediment (sediment + water) was compared to uptake levels by the midge when it was screened from contaminated sediment contact (screened sediment) and to uptake in dead organisms exposed to contaminated sediment (passive).
Multiplet-filtered and gradient-selected zero-quantum TROSY experiments for 13C1H3 methyl groups in proteins.

Multiplet-filtered and gradient-selected heteronuclear zero-quantum coherence (gsHZQC) TROSY experiments are described for measuring 1H–13C correlations for 13CH3 methyl groups in proteins. These experiments provide improved suppression of undesirable, broad outer components of the heteronuclear zero-quantum multiplet in medium-sized proteins, or in flexible sites of larger proteins, compared to previously described HZQC sequences (Tugarinov et al. in J Am Chem Soc 126:4921–4925, 2004; Ollerenshaw et al. in J Biomol NMR 33:25–41, 2005). Hahn-echo versions of the gsHZQC experiment also are described for measuring zero- and double-quantum transverse relaxation rate constants for identification of chemical exchange broadening. Application of the proposed pulse sequences to Escherichia coli ribonuclease HI, with a molecular mass of 18 kD, indicates that improved multiplet suppression is obtained without substantial loss of sensitivity.
SU-E-I-50: The UF Family of Hybrid Phantoms of the Developing Human Fetus for Computational Radiation Dosimetry

Purpose: Historically, the development of computational phantoms for radiationdosimetry have primarily been directed at capturing and representing adult and pediatric anatomy, with less emphasis devoted to models of the human fetus. As concern grows over possible radiation‐ induced cancers from medical and non‐medical exposures of the pregnant female, the need to better quantify fetal radiation doses, particularly at the organ‐level, also increases. To address this need a series of hybrid computational phantoms was constructed for fetal ages 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 38 weeks post‐conception. Methods: Two specimen‐specific fetal hybrid computational phantoms were constructed using high‐quality magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography(CT)image sets obtained for two well‐preserved fetal specimens aged 11.5 and 21 weeks post‐conception. Individual soft tissueorgans, bone sites, and outer body contours were segmented from the images using 3D‐DOCTORTM and imported into the 3D modeling software package RhinocerosTM for further modeling and conversion of soft tissueorgans, certain bone sites and outer body contours to deformable non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) surfaces. The two specimen‐specific phantoms, along with a modified version of the 38 week UF hybrid newborn phantom, comprised a set of base phantoms from which a series of hybrid computational phantoms was derived for fetal ages 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 38 weeks post‐ conception. Results: A set of fetal computational phantoms accounting for the following age‐dependent parameters: (1) variations in skeletal size and proportion, (2) bone‐dependent variations in relative levels of bone growth, (3) variations in individual organ masses and total fetal masses and (4) statistical percentile variations in skeletal size, individual organ masses, and total fetal masses. Conclusions: The resulting series of fetal hybrid computational phantoms is capable of organ‐level and bone‐level internal and external radiationdosimetry for human fetuses of various ages and weight percentiles.
Water reuse aquaculture systems in two solar greenhouses in Northern Vermont.

Small-scale aquaculture systems serve the dual functions of winter food production and thermal storage in passive solar greenhouses in north central Vermont, one of the coldest, cloudiest regions in the continental USA. Each system is designed with low-cost materials, minimal labor and solar technologies applicable to the economics of cold water fisheries in New England. In a hybrid solar greenhouse having both active and passive collectors, two biological filters with gravel substrate planted with vegetables grown hydroponically serve to remove ammonia and some nitrate wastes from a polyculture of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a 4,920 liter septic tank. Productivities of fish and plants grown hydroponically in two preliminary experiments using this system are discussed. In another passive solar greenhouse a 2,839 liter tank of 1.9 cm plywood is connected to a subgravel biological filter with a stack for foam fractionation removal of organic matter. Productivity and growth rates of a native species polyculture of chain pickerel (Esox niger), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) as well as a monoculture of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) is discussed. The development of small-scale aquaculture in northern New England is discussed in terms of these two research models.
Mandatory Arbitration of Employment Disputes: Implications for Policy and Practice

Abstract In jurisdictions where mandatory-arbitration policies for employment disputes are enforceable, they can be a useful tool for employers and employees alike.
Surgical correction of ureteroceles in childhood

Abstract Ureteroceles can present complex problems, but appropriate reconstructive surgery can abolish urinary infection in nearly all cases. It does not suffice to resect or unroof a ureterocele, for this creates vesicoureteral reflux. Instead, for small ureteroceles, total resection by open technique should be carried out, together with reimplantation of the ureter. In large ureteroceles, usually with duplex kidney, removal of the ureterocele and its associated ureter, reimplantation of the ipsilateral ureter, and sometimes the contralateral ureter, should be performed. The associated upper pole renal segment should be removed in most instances; occasionally it can be saved, anastomosing it to the adjacent lower pole renal pelvis. Although management of an individual case must vary with anatomy, age of the patient, etc., the fundamental goals remain identical in all cases: relief of obstruction, removal of destroyed renal segments, and surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux.
Development and Evolution of the Human Neocortex

The size and surface area of the mammalian brain are thought to be critical determinants of intellectual ability. Recent studies show that development of the gyrated human neocortex involves a lineage of neural stem and transit-amplifying cells that forms the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), a proliferative region outside the ventricular epithelium. We discuss how proliferation of cells within the OSVZ expands the neocortex by increasing neuron number and modifying the trajectory of migrating neurons. Relating these features to other mammalian species and known molecular regulators of the mouse neocortex suggests how this developmental process could have emerged in evolution.
Control of entry of Swiss 3T3 cells into S phase by fibroblast growth factor under serum-free conditions

Swiss 3T3 cells can be made quiescent at low density by plating in medium MCDB 402 supplemented with dexamethasone (DEX), insulin (INS) and bovine plasma fibronectin (BPFn) for 3 days. One hour after stimulation of these cells by fibroblast growth factor (FGF), an increase in the rate of protein synthesis can be measured. Nine hours after stimulation by FGF, the rate at which the cells enter S phase increases abruptly. This increased rate of entry into S phase is delayed when methylamine is added to the medium before FGF treatment and later removed. The delay is only for the amount of time that the cells are exposed to methylamine, with no subsequent effect on the rate at which the cells enter S. The early increase in rate of protein synthesis caused by FGF is not blocked by concentrations of methylamine that stop the progression of FGF-treated cells toward S phase. The assay system that has been developed provides a means for detailed analysis of the prereplicative phase of Swiss 3T3 cells in a serum-free medium and in the absence of density-dependent inhibition.
Proliferative response in experimentally injured frog lens epithelium: autoradiographic evidence for movement of DNA synthesis towards the injury.

In order to follow the movement of cells involved in the proliferative response induced by wounding, changes in the cell population of three regions of normal and injured frog lens epithelium were studied with respect to DNA synthesis and mitosis using autoradiography following intraperitoneal injection of H-3-thymidine. The injured lenses comprised two groups: one subjected to labeled thymidine at 40 hours post-injury when the proliferative response begins, the other at 72 hours when the proliferative response is at its peak. Lenses were fixed at increasing intervals after injection. The data show that a central injury initiates proliferation in a large number of cells; this response appears at first mainly among the cells in the outlying proliferative (pre-equatorial) zone, as judged by the number of labeled nuclei and mitoses seen there in the first few hours after injection in the 40 hour preparations. At later intervals labeled cells and mitoses appear centrally adjacent to the wound. And in the 72 hour preparations, the greatest concentration of reactive cells is adjacent to the wound. There is also thinning out of labeled cells in the proliferative zone and greater dilution of exposed emulsion grains over nuclei adjacent to the wound with time, suggesting that outlying cells migrate centrally, dividing en route. However, interpretation of these data is limited by the finding that H-3-thymidine injected intraperitoneally into the frog is not cleared rapidly from the circulation; the serum after 24 hours retains about 20% of the radioactivity (measured by scintillation counting) present at 15 minutes post-injection.
A-cordial graphs

Abstract We introduce A -cordial graphs, for an abelian group A . (If A = Z k we call them k -cordial graphs.) These generalize harmonious, elegant, and cordial graphs. They also provide a graph-theoretic realization of the function υ γ studied by Graham and Sloane (1980). We show that trees are 3, 4 and 5-cordial and provide a finite (though long) test that, if passed, guarantees that all trees are A -cordial. We conjecture that trees are k -cordial for all k . We provide a partial classification of which cycles and complete graphs are k -cordial, and we show that for k even and >4, most graphs are not k -cordial.
Issues in generalization: Implications for special education

Cognitive and behavioral theories in psychology have failed to explain adequately the commonly reported failures in generalization exhibited by mentally retarded populations. This article provides background on generalization as viewed by behavior and cognitive psychologists, describes the failures to facilitate generalization, and offers an alternative explanation of such failures. This explanation describes the generalization process in terms of individual capacity for analogical reasoning.
Liposarcoma of the Spermatic Cord Masquerading as an Inguinal Hernia

This is a case of a 70-year-old male who presented with a mass in his right testicle. He was treated with antibiotics for epididymitis while undergoing serial ultrasounds for one year due to testicular swelling and pain. His fourth ultrasound revealed a mild hydrocele with a large paratesticular mass of undescribed size, superior to the right testicle, thought to be an inguinal hernia. Preoperative CT scan demonstrated a large fat-containing inguinal hernia extending into the scrotal sac. An inguinal hernia repair was complicated by fatty tissue surrounding the testicle requiring a right orchiectomy. Pathology review of the tissue demonstrated well-differentiated liposarcoma with a small focus of dedifferentiation grade 2 tumor. Tumor was identified at the inked margins indicating an incomplete resection. It was decided that no further surgical intervention was needed and the patient would undergo surveillance for local tumor recurrence. Six-month follow-up MRI scan was negative for any recurrence of disease. A liposarcoma presenting as a paratesticular mass with spermatic cord involvement is rare, and imaging studies may fail to distinguish a liposarcoma from normal adipose tissue.
Primary sequence, evolution, and repetitive elements of the Gallusgallus (chicken) β-globin cluster

The DNA sequence of the Gallus gallus (chicken) beta-globin cluster was completed and analyzed. This G + C-rich region is 23.7 kb in length and includes the rho-, beta H-, beta A-, and epsilon-globin genes, the enhancer found between the beta A and epsilon genes, and three upstream DNase I hypersensitive sites. The CpG dinucleotides are nonrandomly distributed, being present at an increased relative frequency near the promoters and upstream hypersensitive sites. The cluster has an unusually low TA dinucleotide frequency. The upstream hypersensitive sites (5'HS1, 5'HS2, and 5'HS3) contain DNA sequence motifs recognized by erythroid transcription factors. However, no significant sequence similarity was found among the upstream hypersensitive sites and the beta A/epsilon enhancer. The G. gallus upstream site sequences were not similar to the upstream sites of the mammalian globin clusters, probably due to the small size of the functional regions and large evolutionary distance between the classes. The avian cluster evolved by gene duplication from an ancestor beta-globin gene, first producing the epsilon and the rho/beta H/beta A ancestor genes, then the rho and the beta H/beta A ancestor genes, and finally the beta H- and beta A-globins. Four probable gene conversions can be documented: beta A to beta H, epsilon to beta H, and rho/epsilon (twice). The cluster shows a massive overrepresentation of a non-LTR retrotransposon, CR1, which accounts for 16% of the DNA. We suggest that the locus is a preferred site for CR1 insertion.
Evidence that monoamines influence human evoked potentials.

Summary We have measured latency and flash/pattern differentials of the visual evoked potential (VEP) from phenylketonuric humans, while systematically manipulating rates of amine synthesis in the central nervous system using two techniques. We have observed that stimulation of monoaminergic activity in the visual processing system, either by lowering inhibitory levels of phenylalanine through dietary restriction or by a properly balanced administration of indole and catecholamine precursors, shortened VEP latencies and permitted the development of a discriminative brain response to patterned stimuli. The close temporal relationship between these electrophysiological changes and the neurochemical manipulations following treatment initiation or discontinuation argue that monoamines play a significant role in the mediation of human sensory evoked potentials.
An Amino Acid Position at Crossroads of Evolution of Protein Function ANTIBIOTIC SENSOR DOMAIN OF BlaR1 PROTEIN FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS VERSUS CLASS D β-LACTAMASES

The integral membrane protein BlaR1 of Staphylococcus aureus senses the presence of β-lactam antibiotics in the milieu and transduces the information to its cytoplasmic side, where its activity unleashes the expression of a set of genes, including that for BlaR1 itself, which manifest the antibiotic-resistant phenotype. The x-ray structure of the sensor domain of this protein exhibits an uncanny similarity to those of the class D β-lactamases. The former is a membrane-bound receptor/sensor for the β-lactam antibiotics, devoid of catalytic competence for substrate turnover, whereas the latter are soluble periplasmic enzymes in Gram-negative bacteria with avid ability for β-lactam turnover. The two are clearly related to each other from an evolutionary point of view. However, the high resolution x-ray structures for both by themselves do not reveal why one is a receptor and the other an enzyme. It is documented herein that a single amino acid change at position 439 of the BlaR1 protein is sufficient to endow the receptor/sensor protein with modest turnover ability for cephalosporins as substrates. The x-ray structure for this mutant protein and the dynamics simulations revealed how a hydrolytic water molecule may sequester itself in the antibiotic-binding site to enable hydrolysis of the acylated species. These studies document how the nature of the residue at position 439 is critical for the fate of the protein in imparting unique functions on the same molecular template, to result in one as a receptor and in another as a catalyst.
Jet insufflation anesthesia for endolaryngeal laser surgery: a review of 318 consecutive cases.

A series of 318 patients utilizing the jet insufflation technique for laser laryngeal anesthesia was studied. The technique utilizes a foil wrapped catheter placed below the vocal cords and attached to the Sanders ventilating adapter. Two pneumothoraces in children, one dental injury and one tube ignition were noted — all without permanent sequelae. Subsequent modification in technique prevented recurrence of these complications. The results indicate that this is a safe technique for laryngeal laser surgery, providing excellent visualization of the larynx while maintaining good oxygenation and airway control.
Contouring of Donor Skin in Full-Thickness Skin Grafting

Different areas which are multiply contoured require individualized approaches to reconstruction. The contouring of the donor skin specimen is important to the final appearance of full-thickness skin grafts. Graft-bed contours can be matched by trimming the reverse contour on the underside of the donor specimen. The reconstruction of defects on the nasal tip, lateral nose and ala, helical rim of the ear, and eyelid and medial canthal areas are discussed.
Survey of Pulse Height Analyzers

An excellent review of the pulse height analyzer field was published in 1952. The principal new developments have been in analyzers having a large number of channels, which make use of digital computer techniques. The characteristics of these analyzers will be discussed. The gray wedge analyzers for high speed applications and other new ideas will be described. An effort will be made to suggest the advantages and disadvantages of the different types for various applications.
Taking the Golden State Path to Teacher Education: California Partnerships Among Two-Year Colleges and University Centers

This chapter describes the current teacher credentialing situation in California, the community college Teacher and Reading Development Partnership (TRDP) program, and six California community college programs dedicated to the elimination of an acute teacher shortage.
Feeding Trials with Hatchery-Produced Gulf of Mexico Sturgeon Larvae

Abstract Survival and growth in larval Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi fed live and formulated diets were evaluated. Live foods consisted of brine shrimp Artemia sp. and California blackworms Lumbriculus variegatus. Formulated diets consisted of commercially produced pellets and two experimentally formulated sturgeon starter diets (SS). Feeds were first offered at 5 d posthatch, 2 d before initiation of exogenous feeding. Significant differences (P 95%) and specific growth rate (12%; SGR, logarithmic growth per unit time). In contrast, commercially formulated feeds were poorly accepted at the onset of feeding, and their use resulted in nearly complete mortality (>99%) by 3 weeks. First-feeding larvae, however, displayed preference for an experimentally formulated sturgeon ...
Emerging plasmid-encoded antisense RNA regulated systems

Classic antisense RNA research has focused on detailed examination of a few plasmid-encoded systems whilst more recent efforts have focused on chromosomally encoded small RNAs. Recent work on newly identified plasmid-encoded antisense RNAs suggest that there is still much to learn from them about the versatility of regulatory RNAs. The α-proteobacterial repABC plasmids produce an antisense RNA that regulates the replication initiator independently of the partition proteins encoded in the same operon. The Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pSK41 produces an antisense RNA that regulates the replication initiator protein by a translational attenuation mechanism. Enterococcus faecalis pheromone-responsive plasmids produce plasmid-specific variants of an antisense RNA that regulates conjugation structural genes by a transcriptional attenuation mechanism. E. faecalis plasmid pAD1 encodes an antisense RNA-regulated addiction module that combines features of classic plasmid-encoded and trans-regulated chromosomally encoded antisense systems. Studies on these systems will expand our understanding of the repertoire of small RNA regulators.
Heritability of dispersal in banner-tailed kangaroo rats, Dipodomys spectabilis

Abstract In a wild population of banner-tailed kangaroo rats, heritability of dispersal was estimated using two measures of dispersal tendency: distance moved from the natal site and likelihood of leaving the natal home range. Neither of the heritability measures was significantly different from 0. The results indicate that the main causes of variation in dispersal behaviour in this species are environmental, and suggest that there is no class of ‘innate’ dispersers. The possibility cannot be excluded that this population retains modest additive genetic variance for dispersal tendency. The survival consequences of dispersal in kangaroo rats are known to depend on population density and to change significantly between years, so that selection should maintain genetic variation in dispersal tendencies. Modest genetic variation for dispersal tendencies, especially if dispersal is a conditional trait, will be extremely difficult to detect in field studies.
Peer tutoring effects on students who are perceived as not socially accepted

Peer tutoring is effective in increasing academic skills with both the regular and special education populations. Studies also have reported significant findings in the social/affective realm, such as social acceptance. In spite of the numerous studies investigating the effects of tutoring on social benefits, results are inconclusive. It is important to establish the extent to which peer tutoring can be used, especially as a technique for social change. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a structured peer tutoring program on the social acceptance of students. Students perceived as not socially accepted were paired with students who were rated as well liked. Both had the opportunity to serve as tutors and tutees. Participants were administered a questionnaire, pre-and postintervention. The results were significant for type of student, distinguishing between those students rated as liked and those rated as disliked. The results also showed that students in the control group were rated higher on the “dislike” category than were those in the treatment conditions. Significance was obtained for the experimental groups on a time variable, suggesting that regardless of role (tutor vs. tutee) change in acceptance would occur over time. However, evaluation by mean analysis suggested that the students who were rated as disliked and served as tutors were rated as liked more following treatment.
A Visual-Spatial Approach to ESL in a Bilingual Program with Deaf International Students

Abstract Gallaudet University is the world's only liberal arts institution of higher learning created specifically for people who are deaf (including all individuals with a hearing loss regardless of their degree of loss or degree of identification with that community). It was created by Congress and ratified by Abraham Lincoln in 1864. In addition to the graduate and undergraduate programs, this 99 acre-campus houses the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School, the Model Secondary School for the Deaf, the College for Continuing Education and the English Language Institute (ELI). Gallaudet University is fully accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. Its teacher preparation program is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teachers and the Council on Education of the Deaf. It offers fifty two bachelor degree majors, ten Master's degree specializations and three doctoral programs. Gallaudet University enjoys a position of leadership in education of the ...
Coping with Pediatric Migraine

Abstract Strategies used by latency-aged children to cope with pediatric migraine pain are identified in this exploratory study. The following three broad categories of coping and their subtypes emerged from the data: affective, cognitive, and problem-focused coping. Implications for practice, research, and education, particularly regarding the use of spirituality and prevention, are discussed.
Whether the Superiority of Pollen in Diet of Honey Bees is Attributable to Its High Content of Free Proline

In honey bees, Apis mellifera L., proline is synthesized from glucose (Lue and Dixon 1967), and consequently it is not a dietary essential. Proline converts reversibly to glutamate and α-ketoglutarate. In this way it commonly becomes complexly involved in metabolism. In certain insects, proline supplies energy for flight, and it is involved in formation of cuticle (Gilmour 1961). Blow flies do require proline in their diet (Hodgson et al. 1956), and it is semiessential in other insects (Arai and Ito 1967, Davis 1968). Furthermore, proline stimulated feeding by a pollen-feeding insect (Heron 1965). The presence or absence of low levels of proline in diet fed to young adult worker bees did not give conclusive differences in adult growth (de Groot 1952).
Temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 from polyethylenimine-loaded SBA-15 as molecular basket sorbents

Abstract In this work, we conducted a study on temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO 2 over molecular basket sorbent (MBS) consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) immobilized in mesoporous silica SBA-15. A series of MBS sorbents with different PEI loadings in SBA-15 have been studied for CO 2 -TPD to gain an insight into the fundamental characteristics of CO 2 sorption/desorption mechanism. Effects of sorption temperature, sorption time, and PEI molecular weight on the CO 2 sorption capacity and desorption behavior of 50 wt% PEI/SBA-15 sorbent were also examined. The results show that two PEI layers, i.e., the exposed PEI layer and the inner bulky PEI layer may exist in PEI/SBA-15 sorbents, and their proportions vary with PEI loading and sorption temperature. Consequently, a two-layer model for CO 2 sorption over PEI/SBA-15 sorbent is proposed, which rationalizes the sorption results with consideration of CO 2 sorption kinetics and thermodynamics. It was also found that CO 2 sorption capacity decreases with increasing PEI molecular weight, which may be mainly attributed to the decrease of primary amine content and the increase of tertiary amine content as well as increased interactions between polymeric chains in the PEI molecules.
Laser Scintillators for Detection of Ionizing Radiation

A novel scheme for radiation detection in Tm3+:CaF2 and Yb3+:CaF2 crystals produces fluorescence proportional to valence-altered impurity concentration, input power, and integration time. It offers greatly improved sensitivity, detector reset capability and high energy resolution.
Grade-Level Differences: Relations of Parental, Teacher and Peer Support to Academic Engagement and Achievement among Hong Kong Students.

Researchers have long been interested in understanding factors affecting student achievement. To contribute new insights to the literature, this study investigated grade-level differences in the re...
Devitrification sequence map in the glass forming Al-Ni-Gd system

Abstract Isothermal devitrification at 250 °C in a series of Al–Ni–Gd (Al = 85–90 at.%) amorphous alloys was systematically investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. A phase formation sequence map was constructed, which maps a zone of a metastable compound plus face-centered cubic (fcc)-Al, a zone of irregularly shaped fcc-Al nanoparticles, and a zone of spherical fcc-Al nanoparticles within the glass formation range.
Synthesis of difunctionalized dendrimers: an approach to main-chain poly(dendrimers)

Abstract Synthesis of benzyl ether dendrimers that are difunctionalized at their peripheries are described. These dendrimers should form the basis for a new class of main-chain dendritic polymers. The steric protection afforded at higher generation during the synthesis allows for facile access to these selectively functionalized dendrimers.
Early Recollections of Women Preparing for Nursing Careers

Early recollections of 35 nursing students were significantly different from those of a group of 38 nonnursing majors. Recollections of nursing students suggested more mastery and vigorous physical movements. The settings of the incidents of nursing students were less frequently inside their homes. Recollections of nursing students suggest that their actions are usually the results of their own decisions. If confirmed on cross-validation with larger and varied samples, such indicators might be used with other sources of information for vocational counseling.
FUZZY REPRESENTATION AND REASONING IN GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION

Abstract Geotechnical site characterization is an important first step in all geotechnical engineering problems. It is important to have a model of the subsurface conditions when doing any geotechnical analysis. To create this profile, samples are taken in boreholes which are then used to infer a subsurface profile. This paper discusses a method that uses fuzzy sets to represent the data collected from samples in a borehole. Then, a fuzzy reasoning system is developed to infer the subsurface profile. The resulting fuzzy system creates a new approach to developing subsurface profiles.
Courseware in the humanities: Expanded horizons

This article presents an overview of educational computing for the non-specialist from the perspective of the classroom teacher as user of courseware rather than as programmer, developer, or researcher. It considers diverse terms associated with courseware and CAI and offers a working definition of courseware and a pragmatic task-related typology broad enough to accommodate many humanities domains. It further discusses sources for dedicated as well as “crossover” courseware products in the humanities, resources for information, and courseware interest in Computers and the Humanities as evidenced by articles, reviews, and special issues.
A Mode-Fitting Methodology Optimized for Very Long Helioseismic Time Series

I describe and present the results of a newly developed fitting methodology optimized for very long time series. The development of this new methodology was motivated by the fact that we now have more than half a decade of nearly uninterrupted observations by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) and the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), with fill factors as high as 82.2% and 89.8%, respectively. It was recently prompted by the availability of a 2088 day long time series of spherical harmonic coefficients produced by the MDI team. The fitting procedure uses an optimal sine multitaper spectral estimator, with the number of tapers based on the mode line width, the complete leakage matrix (i.e., horizontal as well as vertical components), and an asymmetric mode profile to fit simultaneously all the azimuthal orders with individually parameterized profiles. This method was applied to 2088 day long time series of MDI and GONG observations, as well as 728 day long subsets, and for spherical harmonic degrees between 1 and 25. The values resulting from these fits are intercompared (MDI vs. GONG) and compared to equivalent estimates from the MDI team and the GONG project. I also compare the results from fitting the 728 day subsets to the result of the 2088 day time series. This comparison shows the well-known change of frequencies with solar activity and how it scales with a nearly constant pattern in frequency and m/l. This comparison also shows some changes in the mode line width and the constancy of the mode asymmetry.
Abstract 1411: Regulation of osteoprotegerin expression in breast cancer cells by nuclear factor-kappaB

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Acquisition of osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression by breast epithelial cells appears to be linked to the formation of malignant breast neoplasia. Previous in vitro studies demonstrate that OPG expression by breast cancer cells increases resistance to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) mediated apoptosis, suggesting a tumor promoting role for OPG. Recently we have observed reduced ability to metastasize in the chick embryo model by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells after reducing OPG expression using RNAi methods, further substantiating a tumor promoting role of OPG. In order to direct inhibitory strategies, we investigated the regulation of OPG expression in human breast cancer cell lines. Based on regulation of OPG in other cell types, we hypothesized that OPG expression is regulated by the transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). OPG expression was examined in MDA-MB-231 (basal, triple negative), MCF-7 (luminal, ER-positive) and SK-BR-3 (HER-2 positive) breast cancer cells. We used real time RT-PCR and ELISA to confirm that all cell lines expressed OPG mRNA and protein, respectively. NF-kappaB activity was modulated using thymoquinone (TQ; 10 µM) and BMS345541 (1 µM; both inhibitors) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta; 10 ng/ml, both activators). Specificity for these modulators was determined by NF-kappaB promoter driven luciferase reporter assay. In MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibition of NF-kappaB lowered basal levels of OPG mRNA and protein expression, suggesting constitutive NF-kappaB activity plays a role in OPG expression. TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta treatment increased OPG mRNA and protein expression significantly above basal levels. Inhibition of NF-kappaB ameliorated TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta induced OPG expression to baseline. In MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, basal levels of OPG mRNA and protein expression were not reduced by the NF-kappaB inhibitors. TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta treatment increased OPG mRNA and protein expression significantly above baseline, however inhibition of NF-kappaB did not ameliorate the induction of OPG mRNA and protein expression. Our data suggests that the mechanisms regulating OPG expression in breast cancer cells may depend on breast cancer subtype. It appears in the basal cell line, MDA-MB-231, NF-kappaB's tumor promoting effects may be modulated in part by increasing OPG expression. The regulation of OPG expression in cells from other breast cancer subtypes requires further investigation. Citation Format: Michael Weichhaus, Linda Connelly. Regulation of osteoprotegerin expression in breast cancer cells by nuclear factor-kappaB. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1411. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1411
An Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Slot Injection at Mach 6

The use of film cooling for protecting a surface exposed to high temperature air at hypersonic speeds is investigated experimentally. The tests were conducted in a Mach 6 contoured axisymmetric nozzle with a streamlined centerbody. The Reynolds number in the test section was in the range of 1-3.6 X 10 6/in.; and a wall to freestream temperature ratio of 0.635. Heat-transfer distributions downstream of the slot were obtained for various mass flow rates and the effect of injection on the velocity, temperature and Mach number profiles was studied. Correlations for the cooling lengths with the blowing rate parameters X = pjUj/peUe for the various coolants-—air, helium, hydrogen, and argon were obtained. Correlations for the heattransfer rates in the form (1 — q/go.») an<l for the effectiveness [e = (Taw. — T0oo)/(T0j — T0oo)] of the adiabatic wall temperatures were obtained as a function of X and x/S (distance from the slot/slot width) for each of the injected coolant gases. The adiabatic wall temperatures are not a basic result of the measurements, but have been inferred from the heat transfer measured, using a local flat plate equation for the same wall temperature. Skin-friction coefficients were also obtained from the measured profiles. Finally the results of this study are compared with available results in the literature.
September 11 and Public Grief: Grieving Otherwise in Jess Walter's The Zero

By using satire as its primary trope, Jess Walter's The Zero (2006) presents an uncharacteristic approach to 9/11 fiction, which tends to represent September 11 somberly. As this article shows, Walter's novel uses satire to critique the ways institutions commodified and co-opted public grief to serve commercial and nationalistic ends after September 11. In this way, the novel asks how grieving otherwise might be possible.
Trouble on the Farm: Conflicting Lifestyles and Parent-Adolescent Discord

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the despair that can emerge within farm families when there is an alternative career and lifestyle choice made by adolescent children. When young people choose not to pursue an agricultural career and lifestyle, many parents become distraught knowing that their life long work may not be continued. Along with a case example describing clinical intervention, the various stages that are experienced by families who face this dilemma are addressed and include: (1) parental anger and coercive change strategies, (2) loss and grieving, (3) paternal depression and marital discord, and (4) negotiation and healing.
A framework for characterizing student understanding of Riemann sums and definite integrals

Abstract It has been shown in the literature that students can often evaluate definite integrals by applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus or by interpreting an integral as an area under a curve. However, students struggle to solve word problems involving definite integrals, even when the context is quite familiar to the students. This research examines the obstacles calculus students encounter and the ways in which they overcome those obstacles when solving definite integral problems without relating to area under a curve. A framework for characterizing student understanding of Riemann sums and definite integrals is presented and discussed. Results indicate that conceptualizing the product of f(x) and Δ x proves to be the most complex part of the problem-solving process, despite the simplicity of the mathematical operations required in this step.