cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of rigid body dynamics by the energy-casimir method

Abstract We show how the Energy-Casimir method can be used to prove stabilizability of the angular momentum equations of the rigid body about its intermediate axis of inertia, by a single torque applied about the major or minor axis. We also show how this system has associated with it, a Lie-Poisson bracket which is invariant under SO(3) for small feedback, but is invariant under SO(2, 1) for feedback large enough to achieve stability.
TAM: Explaining off-object fixations and central fixation tendencies as effects of population averaging during search

Understanding how patterns are selected for both recognition and action, in the form of an eye movement, is essential to understanding the mechanisms of visual search. It is argued that selecting a pattern for fixation is time consuming—requiring the pruning of a population of possible saccade vectors to isolate the specific movement to the potential target. To support this position, two experiments are reported showing evidence for off-object fixations, where fixations land between objects rather than directly on objects, and central fixations, where initial saccades land near the centre of scenes. Both behaviours were modelled successfully using TAM (Target Acquisition Model; Zelinsky, 2008). TAM interprets these behaviours as expressions of population averaging occurring at different times during saccade target selection. A large population early during search results in the averaging of the entire scene and a central fixation; a smaller population later during search results in averaging between group...
Sexuality in the Nursing Home, Part 2: Managing Abnormal Behavior—Legal and Ethical Issues

Everyone, regardless of age, needs love, touch, companionship, and intimacy. The 1.6 million elderly in the 20,000 U.S. nursing homes are not an exception. The literature indicates that nursing home residents continue to have an interest in sexual activity regardless of age. Sexuality, however, is frequently overlooked by physicians and staff working with nursing home residents. Many staff members have only a vague understanding of the sexual needs of the elderly. This results in a perception of residents' sexual interests as behavioral problems rather than expressions of need for love and intimacy. Inappropriate sexual behaviors in the nursing home can create an intense burden for nursing home staff. This article discusses ways to dealing with inappropriate sexual behaviors in long-term care settings and the ethical issues involved.
Multipath routing in ad hoc networks using directional antennas

A new routing scheme for ad hoc networks using directional antennas is introduced in this paper. Ad hoc networks with directional antennas have become an active research topic because of the potential capacity increase through spatial reuse. Currently researchers have applied conventional ad hoc routing protocols (e.g. DSR, AODV) on this type of network, and routing schemes are based on the shortest path metric. However such a routing approach often suffers long transmission delay and frequent link breakage at the intermediate nodes along a selected route. This is caused by a unique feature of directional transmission commonly known as "deafness". In this work, we take a different approach by exploring the advantage of spatial reuse through multipath routing. A study on the effectiveness of conventional routing schemes in ad hoc networks with directional antennas is presented, and a special design of a multipath routing algorithm for directional transmissions is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate a clear performance improvement in terms of throughput and delay.
Optimal Control Experimentation of Compression Trajectories for a Liquid Piston Air Compressor

Air compressor is the critical part of a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system. Efficient and fast compression of air from ambient to a pressure ratio of 200-300 is a challenging problem due to the trade-off between efficiency and power density. Compression efficiency is mainly affected by the amount of heat transfer between the air and its surrounding during the compression. One way to increase heat transfer is to implement an optimal compression trajectory, i.e., a unique trajectory maximizing the compression efficiency for a given compression time and compression ratio. The main part of the heat transfer model is the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) which in general is a function of local air velocity, air density and air temperature. Depending on the model used for heat transfer, different optimal compression profiles can be achieved. Hence, a good understanding of real heat transfer between air and its surrounding wall inside the compression chamber is essential in order to calculate the correct optimal profile. A numerical optimization approach has been proposed in previous works to calculate the optimal compression profile for a general heat transfer model. While the results show a good improvement both in the lumped air model as well as Fluent CFD analysis, they have never been experimentally proved. In this work, we have implemented these optimal compression profiles in an experimental setup that contains a compression chamber with a liquid piston driven by a water pump through a flow control valve. The optimal trajectories are found and experimented for different compression times. The actual value of heat transfer coefficient is unknown in the experiment. Therefore, an iterative procedure is employed to obtain h corresponding to each compression time. The resulted efficiency versus power density of optimal profiles is then compared with ad-hoc constant flow rate profiles showing up to %4 higher efficiency in a same power density or %30 higher power density in a same efficiency in the experiment.
Density Functional Theory in Transition-Metal Chemistry: Relative Energies of Low-Lying States of Iron Compounds and the Effect of Spatial Symmetry Breaking

The ground and lower excited states of Fe2, Fe2-, and FeO+ were studied using a number of density functional theory (DFT) methods. Specific attention was paid to the relative state energies, the internuclear distances (re), and the harmonic vibrational frequencies (ωe). A number of factors influencing the calculated values of these properties were examined. These include basis sets, the nature of the density functional chosen, the percentage of Hartree−Fock exchange in the density functional, and constraints on orbital symmetry. A number of different types of generalized gradient approximation (GGA) density functionals (straight GGA, hybrid GGA, meta-GGA, and hybrid meta-GGA) were examined, and it was found that the best results were obtained with hybrid GGA or hybrid meta-GGA functionals that contain nonzero fractions of HF exchange; specifically, the best overall results were obtained with B3LYP, M05, and M06, closely followed by B1LYP. One significant observation was the effect of enforcing symmetry on...
The Divorce Bargain: The Fathers' Rights Movement and Family Inequalities

A vast literature documents the history of the women’s and gay liberation movements in the late twentieth century, but we still know little about how heterosexual men navigated dramatic change in the legal regulation of families. This Article provides the first legal history of the fathers’ rights movement. It analyzes how middle-class white men responded to rising divorce rates by pursuing reform in both family law and welfare policy. This history offers novel insight into the relationship between the private law of divorce, which regulates largely middle-class families, and public welfare state policies, which have the greatest effect on poor families. This Article challenges the assumption that these private and public family law systems operate in parallel, showing instead that they are interdependent.Through the mid-twentieth century, marriage shaped the relationship not only between men and women but also between middle-class men and the state: men supported children and wives in exchange for legal protection of male familial authority. In the 1960s and 1970s, escalating divorce rates and the emergence of no-fault divorce laws upset this balance. By the mid-1980s, activists and federal and state legislators forged a new political compromise: fathers’ rights activists conceded ongoing child support obligations in exchange for greater access to custody upon divorce. This “divorce bargain” catalyzed a shift from common law presumptions favoring maternal custody to statutory recognition of joint custody. In so doing, it reinforced private rather than public responsibility for children living in nonmarital families.The divorce bargain promoted formal equality and sex neutrality within private family law, but also entrenched gender and class inequalities. The bargain failed to challenge women’s disproportionate responsibility for childrearing within marriage, yet enabled men to use custody rights as leverage in child support and spousal maintenance negotiations. In addition, tying paternal responsibilities to custody rights advanced middle-class men’s caregiving interests but hurt those of low-income fathers who could not afford to pay child support. The state vilified these men as “deadbeat dads” who did not merit legal protection. The history of fathers’ rights advocacy for the divorce bargain, therefore, reminds us not to confuse liberalism with equality.
Self-organized filaments, striations and other nonuniformities in nonthermal atmospheric microwave excited microdischarges

Self-organized filaments, stationary striations, and spherical nonuniformities have been observed in atmospheric argon microdischarges sustained within a 120-/spl mu/m gap between two coplanar electrodes. The microdischarges are driven by opposite ends of a half-wave split-ring resonator constructed using microstrip transmission lines. The microdischarge generator operates at 900 MHz using 0.5-2 W of power.
Axitinib and crizotinib combination therapy inhibits bone loss in a mouse model of castration resistant prostate cancer

Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The primary cause of mortality and morbidity in patients is bone metastases and remodeling resulting in osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Recently, cabozantinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor (VEGFR2 and c-MET inhibitor), was shown to have efficacy on bone lesions in patients. In this study we tested multi-kinase inhibitors: axitinib (VEGFR inhibitor) and crizotinib (c-MET inhibitor) in a combination trial in mice models. VCaP-Luc cells were grown as subcutaneous implants in intact and castrated NOD-SCID-gamma (NSG) mice to confirm the androgen dependency. For bone metastasis model two cohorts of NSG mice (castrated and intact) received orthotopic injection of VCaP-Luc cells into the bone marrow cavity of left tibia. Mice were monitored weekly for tumor growth using bioluminescence imaging. Animals were randomized into 4 groups based on the tumor bioluminescence signal: vehicle, crizotinib alone, axitinib alone, crizotinib and axitinib in combination. Animals were imaged weekly by in vivo 2-D X-ray imaging to monitor bone remodeling. At the end of the study animals were euthanized and both tibias were extracted for ex vivo high-resolution 3-D micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging. Subcutaneous model showed that androgen stimulation may be helpful but not essential for the growth of VCaP-Luc cells. VCaP-Luc cells grown intra-tibially in intact animals caused extensive remodeling of bone with mixed osteoblastic (bone formation) and osteolytic (bone matrix dissolution) lesions. The osteoblastic lesions were predominant and at times extended beyond the tibial shaft into the surrounding tissue. In contrast, only osteolytic lesions were prominent throughout the study in castrated animals. Treatment with crizotinib alone reduced the osteolytic lesions in castrated animals. Axitinib alone reduced the osteoblastic lesions in the intact animals. Combination therapy with axitinib and crizotinib remarkably inhibited the tibial remodeling by VCaP-Luc cells which resulted in a significant reduction of both osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Our data show that combined inhibition of c-MET and VEGFR can be beneficial for treatment of metastatic bone disease in CRPC and that the drugs act on two different stages of the disease.
A Prospective Study of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery.: Multivariate Risk Analysis Using P Wave Signal-Averaged ECG and Clinical Variables

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a commonly encountered arrhythmia following cardiac surgery and when sustained, may be associated with significant morbidity. Methods: This large prospective investigation examined a variety of clinical and P wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) parameters to identify independent predictors of AF following cardiac surgery. A total of 272 patients underwent P wave SAECG recording and analysis prior to surgery. Information on their clinical, surgical, and hemodynamic characteristics as well as hospital course was collected. Patients were followed during their postoperative course with telemetry and ECGs. Results: During an observation period of up to 14 days, 79 patients (29%) developed AF 2.5 ± 1.9 days after surgery. Patients who developed AF following cardiac surgery were more likely to be older, undergo valve surgery, to have ejection fraction (EF) 140 ms (all P 140 ms and EF 140 ms and EF < 40% for the development of AF following cardiac surgery was 3.1 and 2.8, respectively, and 8.7 when combined. Conclusions: Thus, the presence of preexisting abnormal atrial substrate as detected by P wave prolongation on SAECG, and implicated by EF < 40%, clearly predicted a higher risk of AF following cardiac surgery and may provide clinicians with an effective means of identifying those at greatest risk.
The effects of optimism and pessimism on updating emotional information in working memory

In the present study we elucidate the emotional and executive control interactions that might underlie optimism and pessimism. Participants completed a self-report measure of optimism/pessimism and performed an emotion faces categorisation task and an emotion n-back task in which they indicated whether each of a series of faces had the same or a different emotional expression (happy, sad, neutral) as the face presented two trials before. Trials were structured to measure latency to update emotional content in working memory (WM). More pessimistic individuals formed connections among positive stimuli, and broke connections among positive and sad stimuli, in WM more slowly than did less pessimistic individuals; levels of optimism/pessimism did not affect the rate with which individuals formed and broke connections among neutral representations in WM. It appears, therefore, that levels of pessimism are related to specific affective cognitive mechanisms in WM that may be involved in emotion regulation.
Differential Regulation of the Multiple Flagellins in Spirochetes

The expression of flagellin genes in most bacteria is typically regulated by the flagellum-specific sigma28 factor FliA, and an anti-sigma28 factor, FlgM. However, the regulatory hierarchy in several bacteria that have multiple flagellins is more complex. In these bacteria, the flagellin genes are often transcribed by at least two different sigma factors. The flagellar filament in spirochetes consists of one to three FlaB core proteins and at least one FlaA sheath protein. Here, the genetically amenable bacterium Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was used as a model spirochete to investigate the regulation of its four flagellin genes, flaA, flaB1, flaB2, and flaB3. We found that the flaB1 and flaB2 genes are regulated by sigma28, whereas the flaA and flaB3 genes are controlled by sigma70. The analysis of a flagellar motor switch fliG mutant further supported this proposition; in the mutant, the transcription of flaB1 and flaB2 was inhibited, but that of flaA and flaB3 was not. In addition, the continued expression of flaA and flaB3 in the mutant resulted in the formation of incomplete flagellar filaments that were hollow tubes and consisted primarily of FlaA. Finally, our recent studies have shown that each flagellin unit contributes to the stiffness of the periplasmic flagella, and this stiffness directly correlates with motility. The regulatory mechanism identified here should allow spirochetes to change the relative ratio of these flagellin proteins and, concomitantly, vary the stiffness of their flagellar filament.
Evaluating dual-failure restorability in mesh-restorable WDM optical networks

Double link failure models, in which any two links in the network fail in an arbitrary order, are becoming critical in survivable optical network design. A significant finding is that designs offering complete dual-failure restorability require almost triple the amount of spare capacity. In this paper, networks are designed to achieve 100% restorability under single link failures, while maximizing coverage against any second link failure in the network. In the event of a single link failure, the restoration model attempts to dynamically find a second alternate link-disjoint end-to-end path to provide coverage against a sequential overlapping link failure. Sub-graph routing (M. T. Frederick et al., Feb. 2003) is extended to provide dual-failure restorability for a network provisioned to tolerate all single-link failures. This strategy is compared with shared-mesh protection. The results indicate that sub-graph routing can achieve overlapping second link failure restorability for 95-99% of connections. It is also observed that sub-graph routing can inherently provide complete dual-failure coverage for ~72-81% of the connections
Case Studies in Critical Ecoliteracy: A Curriculum for Analyzing the Social Foundations of Environmental Problems

This article outlines the features and application of a set of model curriculum materials that utilize eco-democratic principles and humanities-based content to cultivate critical analysis of the cultural foundations of socio-environmental problems. We first describe the goals and components of the materials, then discuss results of their use in two different types of classrooms: an undergraduate humanities seminar at a mid-sized four-year college, and a developmental writing course at a community college.
Tests of the random phase approximation for transition strengths

We investigate the reliability of transition strengths computed in the random-phase approximation (RPA), comparing with exact results from diagonalization in full $0\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}$ shell-model spaces. The RPA and shell-model results are in reasonable agreement for most transitions; however, some very low lying collective transitions, such as isoscalar quadrupole ones, are in serious disagreement. We suggest that the failure lies with incomplete restoration of broken symmetries in the RPA. Furthermore, we prove, analytically and numerically, that standard statements regarding the energy-weighted sum rule in the RPA do not hold if an exact symmetry is broken.
The Opsonin Response of Human Subjects to Common Enterobacterial Antigen

Serum specimens obtained from 10 human volunteers immunized intravenously with ethanol soluble common enterobacterial antigen (CA) obtained from E. coli 0111 were tested for opsonizing capacity, utilizing E. coli 07 as indicator organism. Increase in opsonizing activity between pre- and post-immunization specimens was documented in 9 out of 10 subjects, the statistical significance being 0.05 or less in 5 of these individuals. In none of the subjects was the pre-imni-zation serum specimen more effective or as effective as the post-immunization specimen. Absorption of post-immunization serum with human erythrocytes modified by CA from S. typhimurium reduced the opsonizing activity. The specificity of the opsonin response was documented also by the demonstration of enhanced phagocytosis of a rough CA-producing but not a rough CA-negative mutant of S. typhimurium. Although only half of the experiments revealed statistically strongly significant data, all pointed to increased opsonizing capacity due to antibo...
Relative Atherogenicity of Different Plasma Lipoproteins

Atherosclerosis has been described by many as a multifactorial disease. This description had left me with the uneasy feeling that it says very little. Although it is true that a multitude of risk factors has been established (1,2) it is equally true that most diseases are not the result of a single cause, but are instead a combination of necessary and permissive conditions that disturb the homeostasis of a living organism.
Use of Interpreters by Physicians.

I thank Dr. Jacobs and colleagues for their interest in my published study. Indeed, the field of study regarding limited English proficiency (LEP) is of vital importance for ensuring high quality care as the US continues to become more heterogeneous from continued immigration from many parts of the world. As noted by the respondents, the published study is a retrospective analysis with concomitant limitations noted in the discussion section of the paper. I agree that the optimal method of identifying LEP patients should be a two-part process to ensure high accuracy. Our institution has a similar process. In the methods section, it is stated: “Self-reported preferred language was collected at registration by trained registrar personnel with standardized scripts. In addition, the nurse intake form on the hospital inpatient units collected and/or confirmed language preference at the time of admission.” The possibility of misclassification is also discussed, but I believe the rate to be low for the reasons listed in the text of the paper.
Cisplatin and Related Drugs

Platinum complexes are used to treat approximately half of all patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Cisplatin was the first platinum compound discovered to have anticancer activity. Following its introduction into the clinical management of cancer, two other platinum drugs received widespread regulatory approval, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. All three compounds exert their cytotoxic effects by coordinating to DNA where they inhibit both replication and transcription and trigger a cell death pathway. This entry in the Encyclopedia focuses mainly on cisplatin, the prototypical platinum anticancer drug, and its properties highlight the general features of platinum drugs as a class.
TIME-ACCURATE COMPUTATIONS OF DYNAMIC DERIVATIVES OF PROJECTILES

*This paper describes a computational study undertaken to compute free flight aerodynamics of a finned projectile and a spinning projectile using an advanced unstructured time-accurate Navier-Stokes computational technique. A special case of a recently developed coupled computational fluid dynamics/rigid body dynamics procedure to compute the unsteady free flight aerodynamics of projectiles, has been used in an uncoupled mode to model motions such as the pitching and the rolling of these projectiles. Dynamic aerodynamic derivatives are then obtained from these unsteady simulations. Time-accurate numerical computations have been performed for both the finned projectile and the spinning body at different Mach numbers across the speed regime from low transonic to supersonic conditions using unstructured grids. Aerodynamic coefficients, both static and dynamic derivatives have been obtained from the uncoupled time-accurate numerical computations. Computed aerodynamic coefficients, both static and dynamic, have been compared with the data obtained from actual flight tests fort both projectiles.
Pore Space Partition by Symmetry-Matching Regulated Ligand Insertion and Dramatic Tuning on Carbon Dioxide Uptake

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with the highest CO2 uptake capacity are usually those equipped with open metal sites. Here we seek alternative strategies and mechanisms for developing high-performance CO2 adsorbents. We demonstrate that through a ligand insertion pore space partition strategy, we can create crystalline porous materials (CPMs) with superior CO2 uptake capacity. Specifically, a new material, CPM-33b-Ni without any open metal sites, exhibits the CO2 uptake capacity comparable to MOF-74 with the same metal (Ni) at 298 K and 1 bar.
The Daily Text: Increasing Parental Involvement in Education with Mobile Text Messaging:

Numerous educational researches have showed that parental involvement in schools is highly correlated with higher student performance (Griffith, 1996; Jeynes, 2005, 2012; Sheldon, 2003; Stevenson &...
Abstract 1062: Numb, an intrinsic Notch inhibitor, possesses a tumor suppressor role through regulation of Plk1 localization during mitosis

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Numb, an intrinsic Notch inhibitor and cell fate determinant, has been shown to possess many functions in proper cell division. These include its role in endocytosis, a tumor suppressor role via regulation of p53 stability, and asymmetric self renewal during progenitor cell division. Studies have shown that a proper localization of fully functional Plk1 is required for mitotic entry, progression and exit. Plk1 has been shown to play a critical role in bi-polar spindle formation and maturation during mitosis. It has been shown that chemical inhibition as well as genetic knockdown of Plk1 results in cells forming a mono-polar spindle phenotype surrounded by DNA rather than a bi-polar arrangement on either side of the metaphase plate. This severe mitotic phenotype results in a G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitotic catastrophe. Also, milder inhibition of Plk1 has been shown to result in errors in bi-polar spindle formation including multi-polar phenotypes or incomplete microtubule attachment and division. Some of these less pronounced phenotypes may not prevent cell division and may contribute to cellular aneuploidy and cancer. In this study, employing melanoma cell lines A375 and HS294T, we demonstrated that Numb and Plk1 interact as shown by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent assays. In addition, we found that both Plk1 and Numb co-localize to the spindle poles in metaphase. Further, using lentiviral shRNA knockdown of Plk1 or Numb, we also found that loss of Plk1 or Numb dysregulates the localization of the other. Most striking was the pronounced mislocalization of Plk1 from the spindle poles. Although, the majority of metaphase cells were still bi-polar, there was a marked increase in mislocalized γ-tubulin in some instances. Additionally, in the cells with two defined spindle poles, γ-tubulin still appears to be less pronounced at strictly the spindle pole with an apparent indistinct staining surrounding the poles indicating that Numb may not be directly required for γ-tubulin localization to the spindles but the misregulated Plk1 localization slows or prevents spindle pole maturation and γ-tubulin recruitment. Conversely, the differing phenotypes of γ-tubulin localization may also be explained by a redundant role of Numb-like, though this is yet to be explored. Overall, these data suggested that Numb may possess tumor suppressor functions by regulating proper Plk1 localization and proper spindle pole maturation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1062.
Exploring Relationships Among Experience of Regret, Delay Discounting, and Worries About Future Effects of Smoking Among Current Smokers.

ABSTRACTBackground: Smoking regret differs by smoker characteristics (dependence) and may be linked to delay discounting (DD), where smaller immediate rewards are preferred to larger delayed rewards. It is hypothesized that those who exhibit stronger tendencies to delay rewards also express fewer future health concerns and possibly less regret about smoking. Objectives: The objective is to determine the interrelationships of regret, dependence, and delay discounting among current smokers. Methods: In July 2010, 1062 smokers completed a 45-minute at-home web based survey and answered questions including regret, dependence (Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence), and delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire). Relationships among these variables and perceived future health effects were analyzed using correlations, repeated measures analysis of variance, and generalized linear models. Results: Most smokers (85%) regretted smoking. FTCD and log-k (DD) scores were positively associated (rs = 0.15, p ...
Tension-Time Integrals and Genetic Cardiomyopathy: The Force Is with You

Hundreds of different mutations in genes encoding a few dozen sarcomeric proteins cause two reciprocal human disease phenotypes, hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. How molecular dysfunction evokes different patterns of cardiac remodeling is unclear. Davis et al. describe a biophysical metric of cardiomyocyte function, the force-time integral, which predicts disease phenotype.
A volume-sensitive protein kinase regulates the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in duck red blood cells

When Na-K-2Cl cotransport is activated in duck red blood cells by either osmotic cell shrinkage, norepinephrine, fluoride, or calyculin A, phosphorylation of the transporter occurs at a common set of serine/threonine sites. To examine the kinetics and regulation of the activating kinase, phosphatase activity was inhibited abruptly with calyculin A and the subsequent changes in transporter phosphorylation and activity were determined. Increases in fractional incorporation of 32P into the transporter and uptake of 86Rb by the cells were closely correlated, suggesting that the phosphorylation event is rate determining in the activation process. Observed in this manner, the activating kinase was 1) stimulated by cell shrinkage, 2) inhibited by cell swelling, staurosporine, orN-ethylmaleimide, and3) unaffected by norepinephrine or fluoride. The inhibitory effect of swelling on kinase activity was progressively relieved by calyculin A, suggesting that the kinase itself is switched on by phosphorylation. The kin...
The stone faces of Teotihuacan: Insights into their use, manufacture and sources

More than 100 stone faces attributed to Teotihuacan were examined in seven North American and European collections to gain insights into their composition, manufacture and use. They were made from four stone types: limestone, travertine, serpentinite and listwanite, none of which is found near Teotihuacan. Differences in the stone type, facial style and drilling methods suggest they were made in multiple lapidary shops. Particles incidentally collected from 18 faces were examined by analytical scanning electron microscopy. Many particles are consistent with a granitic sand and diatomite. Based on this evidence, we propose that the stone faces were manufactured near the source of the raw material and transported to Teotihuacan as finished goods. Long thought to be funerary objects, it is likelier that the stone faces were used in an everyday ritual, and displayed as the centerpiece of a perishable construction similar to, but larger than, the elaborately decorated ceramic incense burners known as “theater” incensarios.
Association of A Dilated Coronary Sinus in the Fetus with Actual and Apparent Coarctation of the Aorta and Diminutive Left Heart Structures

Evidence suggests an association between left heart obstructive lesions and dilated coronary sinus (DCS), but this has not been studied in fetuses. A retrospective review of fetal echocardiograms (FE) over an 8-year period was conducted, and patients with DCS were identified and confirmed postnatally. There were 5840 FE performed on 4920 women during this period. Of 49 patients with DCS, 22 had normal intracardiac anatomy and 27 patients had congenital heart disease (CHD) yielding an incidence of 4.6 % in the presence of CHD (27/584). Of 27 patients with DCS and CHD, approximately a third had either hypoplastic left ventricles and/or coarctations (10/27, 37 %). The incidence of left heart obstructive lesions was much higher in the presence of a DCS (37 % vs 45/557, 8 %, p < 0.0001). The odds ratio of left heart hypoplasia in fetuses with CHD and a DCS was 6.6 (95 % CI 2.8-15.3). Comparison of patients with postnatally confirmed coarctation with those with normal intracardiac anatomy with DCS, revealed that in the former, the right ventricle (p = 0.005), pulmonic valve annulus (p = 0.0001) and the tricuspid inflow were larger (p = 0.001) compared to corresponding left-sided structures. The size of the DCS was not significantly different between the two groups, but in the former, the DCS was more closely related to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve and caused a significant diminution of the mitral inflow. Our study suggests a strong association, possibly causal, between left heart obstructive lesions and DCS in utero.
Risk Factors for Substance Misuse and Adolescents' Symptoms of Depression

Abstract Purpose Depressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with peer-related beliefs, perceptions, and experiences that are known risk factors for substance misuse. These same risk factors are targeted by many universal substance misuse prevention programs. This study examined whether a multicomponent universal substance misuse intervention for middle schoolers reduced the associations between depressive symptoms, these risk factors, and substance misuse. Methods The study used data from a place-randomized trial of the Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience model for delivery of evidence-based substance misuse programs for middle schoolers. Three-level within-person regression models were applied to four waves of survey, and social network data from 636 adolescents followed from sixth through ninth grades. Results When adolescents in control school districts had more symptoms of depression, they believed more strongly that substance use had social benefits, perceived higher levels of substance misuse among their peers and friends, and had more friends who misused substances, although they were not more likely to use substances themselves. Many of the positive associations of depressive symptoms with peer-related risk factors were significantly weaker or not present among adolescents in intervention school districts. Conclusions The Promoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience interventions reduced the positive associations of adolescent symptoms of depression with peer-related risk factors for substance misuse.
Reduced Southern Hemispheric circulation response to quadrupled CO2 due to stratospheric ozone feedback

Due to computational constraints, interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry is commonly neglected in most climate models participating in intercomparison projects. The impact of this simplification on the modeled response to external forcings remains unexplored. In this work, we examine the importance of including interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry on the Southern Hemispheric circulation response to an abrupt quadrupling of CO2. We find that including interactive ozone significantly reduces (by 20%) the response of the midlatitude jet to CO2, even though it does not alter the surface temperature response. The reduction of the tropospheric circulation response is due to CO2 induced ozone changes and their effects on the meridional temperature gradient near the tropopause. Our findings suggest that neglecting this stratospheric ozone feedback results in an overestimate of the circulation response to increased CO2. This has important implications for climate projections of the Southern Hemispheric circulation response to CO2.
Impact of Temperature and Non-Gaussian Statistics on Electron Transfer in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Molecules

A combination of experimental data and theoretical analysis provides evidence of a bell-shaped kinetics of electron transfer in the Arrhenius coordinates ln k vs 1/T. This kinetic law is a temperature analogue of the familiar Marcus bell-shaped dependence based on ln k vs the reaction free energy. These results were obtained for reactions of intramolecular charge shift between the donor and acceptor separated by a rigid spacer studied experimentally by Miller and co-workers. The non-Arrhenius kinetic law is a direct consequence of the solvent reorganization energy and reaction driving force changing approximately as hyperbolic functions with temperature. The reorganization energy decreases and the driving force increases when temperature is increased. The point of equality between them marks the maximum of the activationless reaction rate. Reaching the consistency between the kinetic and thermodynamic experimental data requires the non-Gaussian statistics of the donor–acceptor energy gap described by the ...
Jonathan Borwein: Experimental Mathematician

ABSTRACTThis article briefly summarizes the extraordinary career of Jonathan Borwein, with a focus on his contributions to the field of experimental mathematics.
The 'Just Cause' Standard: Is an Investigation Needed?

Under the “just cause” standard provided for in employer and union collective bargaining agreements, an employer is required to conduct an investigation prior to disciplining an employee. The Author reviews the development of the “just cause” standard beginning with the passage of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, and following its evolution through notable and seminal arbitration decisions. Following the discussion of the evolution of the “just cause” standard, the Author illustrates various just cause definitions and tests developed by arbitrators. The Author then examines how arbitrators have considered employer procedural obligations, such as the obligation of an employer to conduct a complete investigation before disciplining or terminating an employee. The Article concludes by considering whether an employer-conducted investigation can be flawed in such a way to prejudice an employee despite the opportunity for a de novo arbitration hearing. A flawed investigation can include a witness not interviewed, a document not reviewed, or the employee not having the opportunity to provide information during the investigation. The Author offers an approach for arbitrators to use in evaluating whether an employer’s flawed investigation justifies an arbitrator overturning an employer’s decision to discipline an employee.
Wireless coil array sensors for monitoring hermetic failure of millimeter-sized biomedical implants

This paper presents an automated hermetic failure monitoring system design for multiple millimeter-sized biomedical implants using an inductive link array. 1 × 1 mm2 sized passive implants, wrapped with power receiving and data transmitting inductor-capacitor (LC) tank, and coated with parylene-C and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were utilized for packaging failure monitoring, which can result in phase-dip disappearance or phase-dip frequency shift. The presented system can wirelessly monitor the phase-dip in the frequency and time domains through the readout coil array, as they are coupled with the LC sensors embedded in the implants. The amplitude of the phase-dip signal at ∼1.5 mm sensing distance is 0.25° and the standard deviation from the phase-dip center frequency is 135 kHz, which represents only 0.345% variation around the 116.3 MHz resonance frequency of the LC sensor.
Immunomodulatory interplay of the microbiome and therapy of rheumatic diseases.

Modulation of the immune system by microbes, especially from the gastrointestinal tract, is increasingly considered a key factor in the onset, course and outcome of rheumatic diseases. The interpla...
Developing Culturally Responsive Teachers: Current Issues and a Proposal for Change in Teacher Education Programs

This paper examined current issues of educating culturally responsive teachers in teacher education programs from empirical researches. Focusing on constructing a culturally responsive knowledge base for teacher education students, this paper summarized obstacles for developing culturally responsive teachers, proposed multicultural approaches to establish a culturally responsive knowledge base for teacher education students, as well as presented practical implications to enhance the knowledge construction for preparing teachers for diversity. Aiming at stimulating reconsiderations of situating teacher education programs in multicultural context, this paper brought culturally responsive perspectives to empower pre-service and in-service teachers’ teaching capacities to meet needs from their students with diverse cultural and racial backgrounds.
Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Sagittal Plane Running Mechanics in Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Abstract Objective To examine the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on running biomechanics in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design Single-blind randomized crossover trial. Setting Research laboratory. Participants Individuals (N=20) with unilateral ACLR (age [± SD]=22.3 [±3.3] years; mass=71.8 [±15.3] kg; time since ACLR=44.9 [±22.8] months; 15 females, 10 patellar tendon autograft, 7 hamstrings autograft, 3 allograft; International Knee Documentation Committee Score=83.5 [±9.3]). Main Outcome Measure Participants performed isometric squats while being exposed to WBV or no vibration (control). WBV and control conditions were delivered in a randomized order during separate visits separated by 1-week washout periods. Running biomechanics of the injured and uninjured limbs were evaluated before and immediately after each intervention. Dependent variables included peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and loading rate (LR), peak knee flexion angle and external moment, and knee flexion excursion during the stance phase of running. Results There was an increase in knee flexion excursion (+4.1°, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 7.5°) and a trend toward a reduction in instantaneous LR after WBV in the injured limb (−4.03 BW/sec −1 , 95% CI −0.38, −7.69). No effect was observed on peak GRF, peak knee flexion angle, or peak external knee flexion moment, and no effect was observed in the uninjured limb. Conclusions Our findings indicate that a single session of WBV acutely increases knee flexion excursion. WBV could be useful to improve running characteristics in individuals with knee pathology.
Nanostructured molybdenum carbide on biochar for CO2 reforming of CH4

Abstract A simple procedure was developed to synthesize molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (Mo2C/BC) by carburization of molybdate salts supported on the biochar from pyrolysis of biomass without using extra carbon source or reducing gas. The molybdenum carbide formation procedure investigated by in-situ XRD and TGA-MS indicated that the phase transitions followed the path of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O → (NH4)2Mo3O10 → (NH4)2Mo14O42 → Mo8O23 → Mo4O11 → MoO2 → Mo2C. The volatile gases CO, H2, and CH4 evolved from biochar and the biochar solid carbon participated in the reduction of molybdenum species, while the biochar and CH4 served as carbon sources for the carburization. Temperature programmed surface reactions of Mo2C/BC indicated that CH4 dissociated as CH4 ⇋ C∗ + 2H2 on the catalyst surface, and CO2 reacted as CO2 + C∗ ⇋ 2CO+ ∗ due to oxidation of Mo2C. Both experiment data and thermodynamic analysis for the study of operation conditions of CO2 reforming of CH4 clearly demonstrated that the yields of H2 and CO increased with the increased temperature and the reasonable conversions should be performed at 850 °C, at which both CH4 and CO2 conversions were higher than 80%.
Human exposure to DEF/merphos.

The harvest-aid herbicides DEF (S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate) and merphos(S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioite) have been employed for defoliation of cotton for over 20 years. These compounds are readily taken up by the plant leaf and induce and accelerate abscission. There is little information available on the chemical characteristics of these compounds or on their environmental fate. DEF, however, appears to have very low vapor pressure and is also apparently quite stable. For the most part, environmental fate and human exposure estimates for these compounds have been based on data derived from parathion studies. While these estimates may prevail to some degree, the compounds are not completely comparative, as for example, the fact that parathion hydrolyzes readily under alkaline conditions while DEF reportedly does not.
Recognizing the Signs of Strain

The problems that couples face in an intimate relationship, especially marriage, are often the underlying reasons for patient visits in a primary care setting. It has been estimated, for example, that over one in ten visits involves a sexual problem (1). The primary care physician is in an excellent position to address a variety of marital difficulties by virtue of his or her relationship with a family over time. From premarital exams, to well-child visits, to acute illnesses, to the experience of loss, the physician has access to a couple throughout the life cycle and can be the one to whom a couple turns when facing problems in their relationship.
The biosynthesis of riboflavin: affinity chromatography purification of GTP-ring-opening enzyme.

The ability of guanine compounds to serve as precursors of riboflavin has been well established (1,2). This ability was demonstrated in two different organisms in which purine-purine interconversions were blocked to insure retention of radioactive label in the specified molecule. The direct participation of the ribosyl moiety of a guanine nucleoside or nucleotide has not been established. The observation that loss of carbon 8 of guanine precedes riboflavin biosynthesis has led to its comparison with pteridine biosynthesis, which has a similar beginning (3,4). While the ribose moiety of GTP has been shown to be incorporated into pteridines (5) it does not appear to be directly incorporated as the ribityl side chain of riboflavin (6). Therefore, it is not known whether expulsion of carbon 8 of the imidazole portion of GTP represents a common first step in the biosynthesis of both vitamins or the initiation of two independent but similar pathways. (Figure 1.)
Health Behaviors in Episodic Migraine: Why Behavior Change Matters

Episodic migraine is common. Everyday behavioral patterns are associated with migraine attacks and disability. This paper reviews health behaviors that can be targeted in people with episodic migraine to enhance migraine-related outcomes. Stressful events and perceived stress have demonstrated associations with migraine attack onset among people with episodic migraine. Consistency in daily patterns (eating, sleeping, exercise, and hydration status) is also associated with migraine activity. Sleep deprivation, fatigue, and poor quality sleep have demonstrated relationships with migraine attack onset, as well as headache frequency and headache-related disability in people with episodic migraine. The health behaviors implicated in episodic migraine are part of everyday patterns and can be targeted routinely in clinical practice to improve migraine management. Behavior change is challenging and should ideally be supported by a multidisciplinary team. Future research should focus on evaluating specific behavior change interventions and the relative impact of behavior on migraine outcomes in high- and low-frequency episodic migraine.