cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of: “The Renewal of Generosity: Illness, Medicine and How to Live”

Medicine, in its dedication to the human goal of reducing suffering, always risks rejecting a fundamental aspect of our humanity. Medicine, not in its mistakes but in its noblest intentions, can in...
EVALUATION OF HERBICIDE SYSTEMS FOR DARK FIRE-CURED TOBACCO

Field experiments were conducted at Murray, KY in 2005, 2006, and 2007 to compare dark tobacco tolerance and weed control from various herbicide systems applied prior to transplanting. Herbicide treatments included sulfentrazone at 0.42 kg ai/ha applied pretransplant (PRETR), clomazone at 1.12 kg ai/ha PRETR, sulfentrazone at 0.42 kg ai/ha plus clomazone at 1.12 kg ai/ha PRETR, pendimethalin at 1.66 kg ai/ha applied pretransplant incorporated (PTI), pendimethalin at 1.66 kg ai/ha PTI followed by sulfentrazone at 0.42 kg ai/ha PRETR, pebulate at 4.48 kg ai/ha PTI, napropamide at 2.24 kg ai/ha PTI, pebulate at 4.48 kg ai/ha plus napropamide at 2.24 kg ai/ha PTI, and a nontreated control. Injury to dark tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Narrowleaf Madole’) from any herbicide system was considered minor and did not exceed 11% at 3 weeks after application, and was not apparent by 6 weeks after application in any year. Weed species evaluated included annual grasses (primarily large crabgrass and goosegrass), yello...
Giant pericallosal lipoma associated with intractable epilepsy in a child.

An 18-month-old girl first presented with afebrile seizures in the setting of a non-focal neurological examination and diffuse frontal slowing on EEG. MRI revealed a giant T1 hyperintense homogenous mass lesion along the interhemispheric fissure and pericallosal region consistent with a lipoma. The pericallosal lipoma is associated with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and colpocephaly (figure 1). Twelve years after initial diagnosis the child has medically intractable epilepsy on three anticonvulsants without significant change in lipoma size or appearance on serial …
“(Un)informed College and Major Choice”: Verification in an alternate setting

Abstract In their recent paper “(Un)informed College and Major Choice: Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data,” Hastings, Neilson, Ramirez, & Zimmerman (2016) provide an informal costly-information model, linking family background to students’ beliefs about educational costs and benefits. They verify predictions of their model using a data set of beliefs about college institutions and majors among Chilean college applicants and students. I test some of those same predictions using a data set of beliefs about college institutions and different levels of college education among high school students in the United States. I verify their predictions, with some exceptions, supporting the use of their costly-search model.
Structural Characterization and Schottky Barrier Height Measurements of Epitaxial NiSi2 on Si

Single crystal NiSi2 films of type A and type B orientations with thicknesses ranging from 70-600A have been grown on (111), n-type Si substrates. TEM and channeling measurements indicate that these films are of excellent epitaxial quality with uniform orientations over the entire range of observation. HRTEM studies show regular and atomically abrupt interfaces for both NiSi2 orientations with occasional localized planar defects. I-V and photoresponse measurements of the Schottky barrier heights (SBH) of the type A films yield consistent values of 0.62 ±.01eV. However, for type B films I-V measurements give a SBH of 0.69 ±.01eV while the photoresponse results give 0.77 ±.05eV. This discrepancy can be explained quantitatively by a phenomenological model in which a small percentage of low barrier height regions is incorporated into the type B films.
High-Voltage Trip-off Mechanism of Wind Power Generators in District Grids with Large-Scale Wind Power Integration

Integration of large scale wind farms to a weak power grid will decrease the margin of voltage stability and increase the difficulty of voltage control.The high-voltage formation mechanism in the process of long distance transmission of large scale wind power is discussed based on an actual event of high-voltage trip-off of wind power generators.An equivalent single-machine infinite-bus system model is established to simulate the wind farm connection with the power grid through long transmission line and derive the relationship of bus voltage with wind power level and reactive power compensation.It is pointed out that there will be a sharp increase in voltage after capacitor compensation at the limited operation point,which may cause a high voltage and then make wind generators trip-off.A real grid integrated with wind farms is simulated by using the DIgSILENT software to prove the conclusions above.
Fragmented drawings in autistic children.

The present study was an attempt to examine systematically the productions of autistic and normal children at the same developmental level in their drawing ability, to confirm or disprove the clinical observations of fragmentation and overlap
Progressive Cognitive Impairments in Childhood and Juvenile Multiple Sclerosis

The evolution of cognitive and psychosocial difficulties in a cohort of 56 MS patients compared with 50 healthy controls was studied by researchers at the University of Florence and centers in Milan, Bari, Catania, and Rome, Italy.
Creating the Conditions for Creativity in Reader Response to Literature

In many classrooms today, the major task of students is to acquire and demonstrate a set of skills that are consistent with instructional objectives. Many educators would agree wholeheartedly with this focus and its implications of goal directedness, objectivity of measurement, and accountability. At the same time, however, an objectives-oriented classroom prescribes a particular role for the student, that of “achiever of objectives.” Certainly, the real lives of students are vastly richer in their many dimensions than this narrow role as achiever of objectives can give expression to. To the extent that this role is emphasized and valued over others, students’ experiences in schools correspondingly have become circumscribed, even impoverished in their scope. Lying untouched are students’ interests, their values, and, indeed, the full array of their capabilities as human beings.
Modellierung und Anwendung der Metadatenbank

Datenbankschemata sind konzeptuelle Darstellungen — modelliert im Datenmodell — von Struktur (Syntax) und Semantik der Datenbankobjekte [ANS75, TK78] und spielen daher eine zentrale Rolle bei der Betrachtung von Evolution in Datenbanken.
The Persistent Gap in Health-Care Coverage Between Low- and High-Income Workers in Washington State: BRFSS, 2003-2007

Objectives. We examined the disparities in health-care coverage between low- and high-income workers in Washington State (WA) to provide support for possible policy decisions for uninsured workers. Methods. We examined data from the WA Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2003–2007 and compared workers aged 18–64 years of low income (annual household income $35,000) and high income (annual household income $35,000) on proportions and sources of health-care coverage. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses on factors that were associated with the uninsured. Results. Of the 54,536 survey respondents who were working-age adults in WA, 13,922 (25.5%) were low-income workers. The proportions of uninsured were 38.2% for low-income workers and 6.3% for high-income workers. While employment-based health benefits remained a dominant source of health insurance coverage, they covered only 40.2% of low-income workers relative to 81.5% of high-income workers. Besides income, workers were more likely to be uninsured if they were younger; male; Hispanic; less educated; not married; current smokers; self-employed; or employed in agriculture/forestry/fisheries, construction, and retail. More low-income workers (28.7%) reported cost as an issue in paying for health services than did their high-income counterparts (6.7%). Conclusion. A persistent gap in health-care coverage exists between low- and high-income workers. The identified characteristics of these workers can be used to implement policies to expand health insurance coverage.
Community college academic advisor experiences with the appreciative advising model

COMMUNITY COLLEGE ACADEMIC ADVISOR EXPERIENCES WITH THE APPRECIATIVE ADVISING MODEL Christine Damrose-Mahlmann Old Dominion University, 2016 Chair: Dr. Christopher Glass The completion agenda has driven many community colleges to focus on alternative advising approaches in place of traditional advising practices. Appreciative Advising is a paradigm shift in academic advising that centers more on individual students by helping identify and build on their strengths. Advisors apply positive psychology and reality therapy with positive, open-ended questions to help students identify their strengths and plan for the future. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which community college academic advisors experience their self-efficacy and relatedness to students as they transition from traditional advising practices to Appreciative Advising practices. This qualitative study interviewed a purposeful sample of 10 academic advisors from a multi-campus community college in the southeastern United States. Particular aspects of the experiences examined included how community college academic advisors experience their efficacy in the practice of Appreciative Advising and how community college academic advisors experience their relatedness to students in the practice of Appreciative Advising. This study could contribute to student retention initiatives by enhancing the quality of academic advising and consequently, have a positive impact on both persistence and academic achievement at community colleges. Furthermore,
Capital Accumulation and International Trade

Abstract Capital accumulation is introduced into a version of Eaton–Kortum model of international trade, imposing period by period balanced trade. The effects of tariff changes on world steady states and transition dynamics are studied. A calibrated version of the model is used to assess the short- and long-run gains from a world-wide elimination of trade tariffs. The determinants and importance of convergence in world-wide capital as well as convergence on the relative capitals and incomes are analyzed. Positive and normative comparisons with an analogous static model are conducted, as well as comparisons steady state welfare comparisons vs full dynamic gains.
The Pediatric ACL: Tibial Spine Fracture

Pediatric tibial spine fractures are historically considered to be the equivalent injury of a skeletally mature anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Although not a valid belief, the fracture type is indeed an important variation of the anterior cruciate ligament tear that needs to be considered in its own right. Evaluation of the fractures by examination and radiographic assessment are important in determining the appropriate treatment. Some of these fractures can be treated without surgical intervention, but the complications of meniscus entrapment and anterior cruciate ligament laxity need to be considered. When management is surgical, then the fixation of the fragment can be adjusted to match the need and surgeon experience; and the risks of surgery include the standard issues of infection, but also an increased risk of arthrofibrosis. Outcomes for these injuries are generally good, with most children achieving return to full activity. Yet, injury to the anterior cruciate ligament in conjunction with the tibial spine avulsion may result in long-term laxity issues with an unknown consequence to risk for formal anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
Expression and Significance of Cytokeratin 7, a Squamocolumnar Junction Marker, in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The favorable features of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the head and neck are limited to those harboring transcriptionally-active HPV, which occur predominantly in the oropharynx (OP). Factors rendering the OP susceptible to HPV oncogenesis are largely unexplored. The role of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) in predisposition to HPV and cancer in the cervix has been evaluated. However, its significance in the H&N is unknown. CK7 immunohistochemistry was performed on a tissue microarray cohort of OP and non-oropharyngeal (NOP) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with known clinical follow-up and HPV E6/7 mRNA status. Expression was graded based on the distribution (1 ≤ 33%, 2 = 33–66%, 3 ≥ 66%) and intensity (1 = weak, 2 = strong) with combined score of ≥ 2 considered positive. Survival analysis was performed. Seventy-four NOPSCCs and 204 OPSCCs were studied. HPV was positive in 2.7% of NOPSCCs and 70.9% of OPSCCs. CK7 was positive in 23.0% of OPSCCs and 14.8% of NOPSCCs (p = 0.2), and in 24.1% of HPV positive versus 17.2% of negative patients (p = 0.2). There was no correlation with age, race, gender, HPV status, histologic type, tumor subsite, treatment, stage, or co-morbidities, and CK7 expression was not significantly associated with overall or disease specific survival. In our series, CK7 is positive in ~ 25% of H&N SCCs, although usually only focally. While CK7 has been suspected to be overexpressed selectively in HPV-related OPSCCs due to their origination from tonsillar crypt epithelium, we did not find any significant difference by anatomic H&N subsite, nor by HPV status, for its expression and found no association with patient survival.
Rayleigh Wave Measurement of Surface Stresses in Stainless Steel Piping

The acoustoelastic effect for surface waves is used to measure the residual stress field on the inside and outside surfaces of a stainless steel pipe, near a circumferential weld. Rayleigh waves are launched on the pipe with electromagnetic transducers. An in-situ calibration technique is used to calculate the proportionality coefficients between stress and variation of velocity of the Rayleigh wave. The stress profiles obtained are compared with theoretical and experimental results published by other authors.
User-Centered design of a teachable robot

Robotic learning environments may benefit if combined with intelligent tutoring technologies, but it is unclear how best to integrate the two types of systems. We explore this integration using a tangible teachable agent paradigm, where students teach a robot about geometry concepts. To identify potential design directions, we employ a user-centered method called Speed Dating, involving construction of several scenarios probing student needs, and then orchestration of user enactments of the scenarios. We found that students seek activities that provide them with an appropriate level of challenge, feelings of discovery, opportunity for physicality, and a sense of responsibility for the robot. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to building a tangible teachable robot. By employing HCI methods underutilized in learning, we gain traction on an important research challenge in education technology.
Analytic Dual Theory

Our object is to construct an analytic form of the dual space suitable for the construction of a dual to α f, h . We again assume λ ∈ Ω, λ ≠ 0, 1, ∞. We change notation so as to replace Ω2 (in Chapter 2) by Ω. For v ∈ S we define $${R_v} = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\Omega [[{T_v}]]ifv \ne \infty ,} \\ {T\infty \Omega [[{T_\infty }]]ifv = \infty .} \end{array}} \right.$$
Off the Courts: Occupational “Tennis Leg”:

Objective: Injury to the gastrocnemius muscle (tennis leg) is a presenting complaint often associated with athletic pursuits. Despite that label, this form of injury is likely to be common to a var...
High-sensitivity troponin I in hospitalized and ambulatory patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Insights from the heart failure clinical research network

Background We sought to study the prevalence of high‐sensitivity troponin and its association with cardiac structure and outcomes in ambulatory and hospitalized patients with heart failure with a p...
Translanguaging in a Chinese immersion classroom: an ecological examination of instructional discourses

Although English–Chinese bilingual development has been studied in community contexts, it has not been adequately addressed in the K-12 Chinese immersion classrooms despite the increasing number of...
Doping strategies for small molecule organic hole-transport materials: impacts on perovskite solar cell performance and stability

Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have dramatically changed the landscape of the solar research community over the past decade, but >25 year stability is likely required if they are to make the same impact in commercial photovoltaics and power generation more broadly. While every layer of a PSC has been shown to impact its durability in power output, the hole-transport layer (HTL) is critical for several reasons: (1) it is in direct contact with the perovskite layer, (2) it often contains mobile ions, like Li+ – which in this case are hygroscopic, and (3) it usually has the lowest thermal stability of all layers in the stack. Therefore, HTL engineering is one method with a high return on investment for PSC stability and lifetime. Research has progressed in understanding design rules for small organic molecule hole-transport materials, yet, when implemented into devices, the same dopants, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) and tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine)cobalt(III) tri[bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide] (FK209), are nearly always required for improved charge-transport properties (e.g., increased hole mobility and conductivity). The dopants are notable because they too have been shown to negatively impact PSC stability and lifetime. In response, new research has targeted alternative dopants to bypass these negative effects and provide greater functionality. In this review, we focus on dopant fundamentals, alternative doping strategies for organic small molecule HTL in PSC, and imminent research needs with regard to dopant development for the realization of reliable, long-lasting electricity generation via PSCs.
Blood Glucose Level Prediction Using Optimized Neural Network for Virtual Patients

Diabetes mellitus has been increasing to become one of the major and global problems. Studies reveal that complications associated with diabetes can be reduced by the viable management of Blood Glucose Levels (BGLs). Objective: Two problems related to glucose-insulin regulation are discussed here. Firstly, the prior prediction of blood glucose to overcome the lag time for insulin absorption. Secondly, data recording issue for diabetes patients is always a big problem in the diagnosis of diabetes type 1 patients. Method: In this research, we input Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) data to Optimized Artificial Neural Networks (OANN) in order to predict BGL of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We have investigated virtual CGM data of 2 subjects in order to depict the efficiency of the proposed method and to validate the ANN. These two case studies have been compiled from AIDA i.e. the freeware mathematical diabetes simulator. Results: For BGL predictions, improved results have been shown for minimal inputs in the prediction horizon (PH) of 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Results produced by experimentation reveal that our ANN is not only accurate, but adaptive, and encouraging as well and thus can be implemented in clinics. Furthermore, this study targets to make life easier for T1D patients by minimizing human input to the system. Conclusion and Future work: In the future, we intend to investigate a greater collection of AIDA scenarios, and data that is real and influence other factors of BGLs.
Does the Cost‐Cutting Strategy of Closing Public Schools Provide Financial Benefits? Evidence From Ohio

From 1995 through 2014, 15 percent of school districts nationwide closed at least one school without opening any new school. Although budgetary constraints have been claimed as a major reason to close a public school, no empirical study has examined the financial benefits of school closures. This study finds that Ohio school closures reduce an average district's total operating expenditures by $278–$285 per pupil, and that savings come primarily from cuts in classroom instructional services, including teachers. This study provides empirical evidence on the financial implications of school closings needed for stakeholders involved in a school closing process.
Fundamentalist U: Keeping the Faith in American Higher Education

Higher education is a tapestry, woven together by institutions, culture, and traditions. Each college, university, movement, and practice in higher education contributes a unique addition based on ...
An Examination of the Relationships of Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Teaching Practices among Elementary, Secondary, and Special Education Educators

Teacher self-efficacy and teaching practices are both related to effective teaching and learning of mathematics. Given the theoretical and empirical basis for the importance of teacher self-efficac...
Mode-Based Sensing and Actuation Techniques for Multi-Objective Flexible Aircraft Control

Intelligent sensing and actuation designs are explored as a means to improve performance of a gust load alleviation control design for a flexible wing aircraft equipped with wing-shaping control surfaces. The proposed techniques rely on identification of the dominant structural modes during specified flight conditions and uses them as a basis for sensor placement and actuator utilization. Specifically, a strategy for sensor placement is discussed that uses target mode shape capture as a mean to improve state estimation quality. A second strategy that reduces the number of wing-shaping control inputs using mode and objective-based shape functions as virtual input channels is also presented. Both techniques are demonstrated in simulation of a flexible wing transport aircraft utilizing a multi-objective control system designed to suppress flexible motion, minimize gust and maneuver load, and reduce drag.
ACE: Three Adventure-Based Activities to Improve Family Communication:

The action-oriented nature of adventure-based counseling (ABC) makes it a good therapeutic modality for family counseling settings. Research studies exploring the integration of ABC with families a...
Characterization of laser produced hot electron propagation via coherent transition radiation in cold and warm dense aluminum

Coherent transition radiation is used to evaluate fast electron transport of a laser-driven relativistic electron beam in ultrathin targets in selected materials. By preheating the targets with a low-intensity laser pulse, the bulk resistivity effects on electron transport in heated and unheated aluminum foils were compared with those in polyethylene (CH) foils. Unheated aluminum foils showed a pinched electron beam that was 50% smaller than the laser full-width at half-maximum focal spot. On the contrary, it was found that in preheated material Al and unheated CH, both materials with high bulk resistivity, the hot electrons experienced greater divergence and reduced energy.
Novel Epitaxial Lift-Off for Flexible, Inexpensive GaAs Solar Cells

Epitaxial lift-off (ELO) is an efficient method to greatly reduce the cost of GaAs photovoltaics without sacrificing their performance. However, the use of strong acids to remove the sacrificial layer in the conventional ELO method restricts the reusability of the substrate and adds extra substrate polishing costs. Here, we report a novel method of using a water-dissolvable ‘NaCl’ sacrificial layer which provides the advantage of repeated reusability of GaAs wafers without any substrate polishing costs. Good-quality epitaxial GaAs has been grown on NaCl sacrificial layer. Atomic Force Microscopy results show very smooth GaAs wafer after epitaxial liftoff.
Building a Multinational Community among Graduate Students in CS Education Research

In this Birds of a Feather (BoF) session, we aim to create and foster a safe and open environment that allows participants to get feedback on research-in-progress and share experiences and issues with being a graduate student in CSEd research. We invite genuine and honest conversations about the challenges facing rising academics and professionals in this area. We have three goals: (1) to foster a community of support among CSEd grad students, (2) to connect students with new opportunities and ways of thinking about CSEd, and (3) to cultivate mentorship among participants to send them off with potential collaborators, supporters and advocates.
Crowding is the strongest predictor of left without being seen risk in a pediatric emergency department

Abstract Background Emergency Department (ED) patients who leave without being seen (LWBS) are associated with adverse safety and medico-legal consequences. While LWBS risk has been previously tied to demographic and acuity related factors, there is limited research examining crowding-related risk in the pediatric setting. The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between LWBS risk and crowding, using the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS) and occupancy rate as crowding metrics. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study on electronic health record (EHR) data from the ED of a quaternary care children's hospital and trauma center during the 14-month study period. NEDOCS and occupancy rate were calculated for 15-min windows and matched to patient arrival time. We leveraged multiple logistic regression analyses to demonstrate the relationship between patientlevel LWBS risk and each crowding metric, controlling for characteristics drawn from the pre-arrival state. We performed a chi-squared test to determine whether a difference existed between the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in the two models. Finally, we executed a dominance analysis using McFadden's pseudo-R 2 to determine the relative importance of each crowding metric in the models. Results A total of 54,890 patient encounters were studied, 1.22% of whom LWBS. The odds ratio for LWBS risk was 1.30 (95% CI 1.27–1.33) per 10-point increase in NEDOCS and 1.23 (95% CI 1.21–1.25). per 10% increase in occupancy rate. Area under the curve (AUC) was 86.9% for the NEDOCS model and 86.7% for the occupancy rate model. There was no statistically significant difference between the AUCs of the two models (p-value 0.27). Dominance analysis revealed that in each model, the most important variable studied was its respective crowding metric; NEDOCS accounted for 55.6% and occupancy rate accounted for 53.9% of predicted variance in LWBS. Conclusion Not only was ED overcrowding positively and significantly associated with individual LWBS risk, but it was the single most important factor that determined a patient's likelihood of LWBS in the pediatric ED. Because occupancy rate and NEDOCS are available in real time, each could serve as a monitor for individual LWBS risk in the pediatric ED.
On the Oscillatory Segregation Behavior of Cr Near Low Index Ni Surfaces

Ni-Cr alloys exhibit oscillatory segregation behaviors at low index surfaces, in which the preferred segregation species changes from Ni in the first layer to Cr in the second layer. In many dilute alloy systems, this oscillatory pattern is attributed to the elastic release of stresses in the local lattice around the segregating solute or impurity atom. These stresses are mostly thought to originate from mismatches in the atomic size of the solute and host atoms. In Ni-Cr alloys, however, an appreciable mismatch in atomic size is not present, leading to questions about the origins of the oscillatory behavior in this alloy. Using density functional theory, we have modelled the segregation of a single Cr atom in the (100) and (111) surfaces of fcc Ni, an alloy which exhibits this oscillatory behavior. We show that the negative energy correlates directly with the amount of charge assigned to the Cr atom through a Bader charge analysis. We find that as the Ni is able to strip valence charge from the Cr, the nearest neighbor Ni atoms contract slightly around the Cr decreasing its atomic volume. The amount charge transfer, and thus highest positive charge on the Cr atom, occurs when Cr is in the second layer of the surface and where the system exhibits a oscillating negative segregation energy. When in the second layer, the Cr atom also displaces upwards towards the electron dense interlayer region between the first and second surface layers.
Real-Time Supervised Load Shedding Reconfiguration to Avoid Transient Cascading Failures

The objective of this paper is to show that realtime supervised reconfiguration of Under-Voltage Load Shedding (UVLS) and Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) relays, coupled with a decision support architecture, can help avoid cascading failures which develop in the transient timeframe. The proposed concept has been tested on a variant of the Nordic32 system. Cases of cascading collapse were generated using extensive contingency analysis, with detailed system dynamics as well as generic protection schemes. The proposed scheme was successfully applied to avoid a variety of cascading failures.
Simple and complex spike responses of mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurons to regular trains and omissions of somatosensory stimuli.

Responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells in awake mice form two categories defined by complex spiking during regular trains of brief, somatosensory stimuli. Cells in which complex spike probability f...
Investigation of the effects of two-, four-, six- and eight-strand suture repairs on the biomechanical properties of canine gastrocnemius tenorrhaphy constructs

Objective To determine the effects of 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-strand suture repairs on the biomechanical properties of canine gastrocnemius tenorrhaphy constructs in an ex vivo model. Sample 56 cadaveric gastrocnemius musculotendinous units from 28 adult large-breed dogs. Procedures Tendons were randomly assigned to 4 repair groups (2-, 4-, 6- or 8-strand suture technique; n = 14/group). Following tenotomy, repairs were performed with the assigned number of strands of 2-0 polypropylene suture in a simple interrupted pattern. Biomechanical testing was performed. Yield, peak, and failure loads, the incidence of 1- and 3-mm gap formation, forces associated with gap formation, and failure modes were compared among groups. Results Yield, peak, and failure forces differed significantly among groups, with significantly greater force required as the number of suture strands used for tendon repair increased. The force required to create a 1- or 3-mm gap between tendon ends also differed among groups and increased significantly with number of strands used. All constructs failed by mode of suture pull-through. Conclusions and clinical relevance Results indicated that increasing the number of suture strands crossing the repair site significantly increases the tensile strength of canine gastrocnemius tendon repair constructs and their resistance to gap formation. Future studies are needed to assess the effects of multistrand suture patterns on tendon glide function, blood supply, healing, and long-term clinical function in dogs to inform clinical decision-making.
Global regulatory developments and sustainability of flame retardants

We are currently experiencing a global shift in chemical regulations and regulatory programs that impact many materials, including flame retardants. Emerging chemical regulations are focusing on characterizing the environmental and human health impacts of all substances. Industry is responding to market driven and regulatory challenges to ensure that flame retardants are safe, effective, sustainable, and meet evolving marketplace demands. A crucial aspect of sustainability is to understand the life-cycle implications of chemicals and even polymer formulations. Life-Cycle Assessments can determine if the substitution of one flame retardant or technology for another can result in unforeseen consequences that can impact society or the ecosystem. Programs are in place to drive all members of the supply chain to reduce or eliminate chemical emissions to the environment, understand human health and environmental characteristics, and make transitions to more environmentally preferred products. This paper will focus on the current state of regulations impacting flame retardants and other factors that influence overall product sustainability.
Remembering Constantine at the Milvian Bridge

Preface Abbreviations 1. Foreword: visions of Constantine 2. The afterlife of Constantine 3. Ecclesiastical histories 4. Constantine's memories 5. Eusebius' commentary 6. Shaping memories in the west 7. Rome after the battle 8. Backward and forward 9. Remembering Maxentius 10. Back word: the bridge List of editions and translations Bibliography.
Nuclear magnetic resonance titration curves of histidine ring protons. IV. The effects of phosphate and sulfate on ribonuclease.

Abstract The histidine ring proton nuclear magnetic resonance titration curves of chemical shift versus pH of ribonuclease S and ribonuclease A are almost identical. This indicates a close similarity in the electronic environments of the histidine residues in these two enzymes. In addition to the main inflection in these curves due to the imidazole group titration, an acid inflection in the pH range 4 to 5 was observed in three of the four NMR titration curves of ribonuclease S. Similar inflections have previously been observed in ribonuclease A. Addition of phosphate ion to ribonuclease A results in changes in the NMR titration curves of the two imidazole C2 proton resonances, which are thought to correspond to the two active site histidine residues. The apparent pKa values of these two imidazole groups increase with addition of phosphate, while the pKa values of the acid inflections in these curves decrease slightly. These changes produce an increased separation of the imidazole and acid inflections and result in a pronounced asymmetry in the NMR titration curves. The pKa values determined for the acid inflection do not correspond to an ionization of the phosphate group. The effects of sulfate ion are similar to those of phosphate. The results support the hypothesis that the acid perturbations in these NMR titration curves arise from intramolecular interactions of the imidazole groups with nearby carboxyl groups.
Defining Microstructural Tolerance Limits of Defects for SiC Armor

Near theoretical density, >99.5%, has generally been used to assess structural integrity and is commonly used as a key acceptance criteria for armor product selection. However, it is unknown whether a slight change in, residual porosity, the shape and dispersity of pores are detrimental to the dynamic performance of the product. This study aims to define the upper limit of acceptable defects (i.e. porosity and inclusions) and to quantify the microstructure of SiC armor. The key goal within this study is to develop an understanding of the factors critical to the design, fabrication and testing of micro/macrotailored ceramics with enhanced multi-hit ballistic performance. Commercial SiC samples with varied densities (3.0-3.2 g/cm 3 ) have been obtained and microstructural assessment on polished sections has been performed. Pore size distribution and average pore size have been calculated using image analysis. Nearest neighbor distance distributions of different microstructures have been found. Tessellation analysis has been performed to find out the degree of inhomogeneity in microstructures. Finally, pair correlation functions have been determined.
Multigrid on massively parallel architectures

The scalable implementation of multigrid methods for machines with several thousands of processors is investigated. Parallel performance models are presented for two different structured-grid multigrid algorithms. These performance models are then used in the discussion of two implementation topics: replicating computations to reduce communications, and mixed programming models for multi-grid codes on clusters of SMPs. Special attention is paid to comparing moderate-sized parallelism and large-scale parallelism. Results are given from existing multi-grid codes to support the discussion.
Abstract 20554: Post-Discharge PharmD Medication Reconciliation and Uptitration Heart Failure Clinic Reduces 30-Day and 90-Day Readmission Rates Compared to Usual Care: An Innovative Approach to the Readmission Dilemma

Heart failure (HF) remains the most common reason for 30-day readmissions despite financial penalties enacted by CMS. Joint Commission requires medication reconciliation (MedRec) at discharge. However, discharge MedRec does not include review of medications (Rx) taken by patient (pt) at home. We set up a 7-10 day post discharge Brown Bag Clinic (BBC) (HFrEF and HFpEF=EF≤40%), where pts bring Rx from home and PharmD trained in HF Rx provides education and performs MedRec and uptitration of GDMT. Demographics, Rx, doses and labs were collected at BBC and from the EMR. We hypothesized that pts who came to BBC would have a lower 30- and 90-day readmission rate and significantly different 90-day mortality compared to a control. GDMT presented only for HFrEF pts. Data are means ± SD. Comparisons between two groups were performed using a Student’s t-test. Of 176 pts scheduled, 103 (59%) were no-shows (group “C”) vs. 73 who attended BBC (group “BBCpts”) (See Table). Age, EF, Cr were similar for BBCpts vs. C, but ...
CXCL6 (Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein-2): a novel chemokine involved in the innate immune response of the amniotic cavity

Problem CXCL6 is a potent pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemoattractant and activator whose activity during pregnancy is not well-established. The purpose of this study was to determine if CXCL6 is present in amniotic fluid (AF) and if CXCL6 concentrations in AF change with labor (pre-term and term) or intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). Method of study A cross-sectional study was designed including the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n = 65); (2) term no labor (n = 20); (3) term labor (n = 44); (4) patients with pre-term labor (PTL) with subsequent term delivery (n = 57); (5) PTL without IAI who delivered pre-term (n = 47); and (6) PTL with IAI (n = 62). AF CXCL6 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Results CXCL6 was present in all term samples, but undetectable in 64/65 mid-trimester specimens. Patients with PTL and IAI had a significantly higher median AF CXCL6 concentration than those with PTL without IAI [228.9 pg/mL (0.0–8344.8) versus 55.7 pg/mL (0–454.4); P < 0.05] and those with PTL and term delivery [41.5 pg/mL (0–279.0); P < 0.05]. The median AF CXCL6 concentration did not change with spontaneous term labor [term no labor: 81.1 pg/mL (8.5–201.7) versus term labor: 75.2 pg/mL (6.7–378.7): P = 0.7]. Conclusion (1) CXCL6 is detectable in AF and its concentration increases with gestational age; (2) IAI results in increased AF CXCL6 concentrations, suggesting that CXCL6 plays a role in the deployment of an inflammatory response; (3) In contrast to related chemokines, specifically IL-8, AF CXCL6 does not appear to be involved in spontaneous term parturition. These observations are novel, and suggest a role for CXCL6 in the innate immune response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.
Quantification in the History of the Social Sciences

The wide role of quantification in the modern world is not to be understood as the importation of objective methods from outside of history, but the cultivation of tools and concepts in close alliance with their contexts of use. While differentiated by field, quantitative methods have been shaped also by interactions across barriers of discipline, and even between scientific and political or administrative applications.
The symmetry group of a differential equation

The use of group theoret ical methods for the study of d i f f e ren t i a l equat ions goes back to Sophus Lie, who developed methods that are s t i l l the essential ones used today. The e f fec t ive use of such techniques was shown by Bluman and Cole and by Ovsyannikov. The recent book by Ovsyannikov gives a complete descript ion of his methods, but I f ind the notation d i f f i c u l t to understand and use. A clear presentation of modern methods and algorithms can be found in the thesis and papers of P.J.Olver: 0~-3 is a b r ie f but clear descript ion of the algorithms for f inding the most general symmetry group of a system of ordinary or par t ia l d i f f e ren t i a l equations, even for the case of non l inear i ty , 0~-2 is a rigorous presentation of the mathematics, and 0~-4 gives a large number of appl icat ions. The lectures of Satt inger are also a good source of examples. I shall give here only a b r ie f out l ine of the subject, and most of the material w i l l be taken from the papers and thesis of Olver. For ordinary d i f f e ren t i a l equations Lie showed that a f i r s t order equation can be invar iant under an i n f i n i t e number of one-parameter groups. For second and higher order equations one can have only a f i n i t e number of independent one-parameter groups: at most 8 for n=2, and at most n + 4 for n>2 . . Furthermore, these groups can be determined systematical ly. A local group of transformations acting on the space~n consists of a Lie group G and a smooth map~: V ~ n, where VCG x | ~ , and (e,x) = x for x ~ n ; ~ ( g , ~ ( h , x ) ) =~ (g .h ,x ) when the arguments make sense. Associated with the local group are i ts generators. Suppose that exp(toc) is the one-parameter group generated by the element~. Then the corresponding vector f i e l d on IR n is ~ ( c < ) , where
Abstract P024: Blood Pressure Levels, Aggressiveness of Antihypertensive Therapy, and Prevalence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

A major cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an excessive hemodynamic load, making LVH more common among people with hypertension. Clinical trials of antihypertensive medication have found that treatment reduces left ventricular mass among those with hypertension, but little is known about the prevalence of LVH in the general population that are taking, and not taking, antihypertensive medication. We examined the cross-sectional association between blood pressure control and LVH among 28,106 participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, to test the hypotheses that: 1) within strata of blood pressure control, LVH will be more prevalent in those requiring more intensive treatment, and 2) that within strata of intensiveness of blood pressure treatment, that LVH will be more prevalent at higher blood pressure levels. The REGARDS study enrolled black and white participants, aged 45 and older, from 2003-2007. Systolic blood pressure was defined as normal ( 160 mmHg). Classes of antihypertensive medications at baseline were defined as 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more. LVH by electrocardiogram was detected in 2,803 participants. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for LVH and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models. The ORs (95% CIs) for each additional medication class were 1.31 (1.20-1.43) for normal blood pressure, 1.21 (1.14-1.27) for prehypertension, 1.07 (0.98-1.16) for stage 1, and 1.02 (0.88-1.17) for stage 2. The ORs (95% CIs) for each additional increase in blood pressure category were 1.57 (1.41-1.75) for no medications, 1.47 (1.33-1.63) for 1, 1.30 (1.18-1.43) for 2, and 1.21 (1.10-1.34) for 3 medications. We observed that successful blood pressure control by medication is still associated with elevated odds of LVH compared to untreated normotensive participants, emphasizing the importance of hypertension prevention.
Receding Horizon Control with an Infinite Horizon

Receding horizon control, also called model predictive control, is an optimal control-based method for finding constrained feedback controllers. Several of the standard formulations provide no stability guarantees even if an optimum exists. In this paper, we extend the concept of model predictive control to an infinite horizon to show that such a formulation guarantees the stability of the resulting feedback controller. We also introduce a framework for analysis of receding horizon controllers that will allow future study of other important properties of receding horizon controllers, such as robustness and continuity of feedback control laws.
Learning from Mass Calculations in Quarkless QCD

Attempts to calculate mass ratios in SU(2) quarkless QCD by Monte Carlo simulations have led to increased understanding of the dynamics of lattice gauge theory. A brief review of the role of precocious scaling, Z2 flux condensation and finite lattice effects is presented.
Determination of Pitch and Yaw Rates of Models in Free-Flight Ranges by Magnetic Induction

"V7^AW CARDS and shadowgraph pictures are presently used to determine pitch and yaw of ballistic models in free-flight ranges. Both methods yield information at only a limited number of points. The magnetic induction methodt here outlined yields continuous information on pitch and yaw rates, from which continuous records of pitch and yaw angles can be obtained. The apparatus for determining rate of pitch consists of two long, rectangular multiturn loops, or coils, of wire. One coil is located just above and the other just below the test range with the length and width of the loops corresponding to the length and width, respectively, of the test range (see Fig. 1). The model, containing a permanent bar magnet oriented parallel to its axis, is fired from a gun down the test range between the upper and lower coils. The magnet generates a voltage in the coils proportional to the rate of change of pitch angle of the model. This voltage is amplified and plotted against time, giving a record of pitch rate of the model at any point along its path of flight. A similar pair of coils along the sides of the test range measures the yaw rate. An experimental setup of the system was made in an existing free-flight range at the Ames Research Center. If the model is far enough from the ends of the coil so that end effects can be neglected, if the model is moving along the center line of the coil system, and if the pitching and yawing rotations are small in amplitude, then
Evaluation of target factor analysis and net analyte signal as processes for classification purposes with application to benchmark data sets and extra virgin olive oil adulterant identification

Classifying samples into known categories is a common problem in analytical chemistry and other fields. For example, with spectroscopic data, samples are measured and the corresponding spectra are compared with existing spectral data sets of known classification (library sets) to determine the appropriate classification. Presented in this paper is a study of the simple and well known data analysis processes target factor analysis (TFA) and net analyte signal (NAS). Although TFA and NAS were originally derived for different purposes in analytical chemistry, they are based on the same calculation. The library set with the smallest TFA residual (smallest NAS) for a test sample spectrum can be used for classification purposes. Alternatively and equivalently, this paper uses the smallest angle (poorest selectivity in NAS terminology) between a new sample spectrum vector and the space spanned by each library loading vector basis set. The angle classification is compared with classifications by the Mahalanobis distance and k-nearest neighbors. The measures are evaluated with three spectroscopic data sets consisting of benchmark identification of plastic type (Raman) and gasoil plant source (ultraviolet) and a new extra virgin olive oil adulterant identification (fluorescence) data set. A fourth data set is the benchmark archeological data set. The Mahalanobis distance and k-nearest neighbors generally classify with 2%–40% and 0%–20% decreases in correct classifications, respectively, compared with TFA (NAS). Results from this study indicate that the simple TFA and NAS processes are useful underutilized classification and library searching tools. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.