cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
H.D.'s "Fortune Teller"

READERS FOLLOWING the track of H.D.'s writings will inevit ably move in the direction of New Directions. One might begin with their handsome new edition of H.D.'s Collected Poems, 1912-1944 and then proceed through their three longstanding editions of H.D.'s late poems: Trilogy, Helen in Egypt, and Hermetic Definition. Or one might move from the novel HERmione to the autobiographical Tribute to Freud and then to End to Torment, her tribute to Ezra Pound. Sooner or later, however, all H.D.'s readers will come upon a slim book with a black cover whose crescent moon shines over the title The Gift. Written as the bombs fell over London between 1941 and 1943, this is H.D.'s brilliant autobio graphical fantasy?or fantastical autobiography?the story of a childhood which gave her a gift of vision powerful enough to transmute even the dark and random terrors of war.
Characterization of two novel subunits of the α-class glutathione S-transferases of human liver

Abstract More than 85% of the complete amino-acid sequence of the α-class glutathione S- transferase ω (GST ω) of human liver, described for the first time in this communication, show that GST ω is a heterodimer of two closely related novel α-class GST subunits. The sequences of these subunits, ω1 and ω2, have over 97% homology between them and are also highly homologous to the two α-class subunits characterized previously. Characterization of these two novel α-class subunits described in this report would explain the molecular basis for high degree of heterogeneity observed among the α-class human GSTs.
Delayed rehabilitation with task-specific therapies improves forelimb function after a cervical spinal cord injury

Purpose: The effect of activity based therapies on restoring forelimb function in rats was evaluated when initiated one month after a cervical spinal cord injury. Methods: Adult rats received a unilateral over-hemisection of the spinal cord at C4/5, which interrupts the right side of the spinal cord and the dorsal columns bilaterally, resulting in severe impairments in forelimb function with greater impairment on the right side. One month after injury rats were housed in enriched housing and received daily training in reaching, gridwalk, and CatWalk. A subset of rats received rolipram for 10 days to promote axonal plasticity. Rats were tested weekly for six weeks for reaching, elevated gridwalk, CatWalk, and forelimb use during vertical exploration. Results: Rats exposed to enriched housing and daily training significantly increased the number of left reaches and pellets grasped and eaten, reduced the number of right forelimb errors on the gridwalk, increased right forelimb use during vertical exploration, recovered more normal step cycles, and reduced their hindlimb base of support on the CatWalk compared to rats in standard cages without daily training. Conclusions: Delayed rehabilitation with enriched housing and daily forelimb training significantly improved skilled, senso- rimotor, and automatic forelimb function together after cervical spinal cord injury.
Angiogenesis and Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Current treatment regimens with conventional anticancer therapies offer only a limited survival benefit. There clearly exists a need for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Recent evidence suggests that angiogenesis is critical to lung cancer progression and related to poor prognosis. Consequently tumor angiogenesis, a process that features an imbalance between pro and anti-angiogenic mediators, is being targeted by novel therapies in the treatment of lung cancer. A variety of therapeutic approaches and agents have been developed to compromise the growth and/or function of tumor vasculature. In October 2006, bevacizumab was the first antiangiogenic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced, nonsquamous, nonsmall cell lung cancer in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. Other antiangiogenic agents are actively being evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
Research on Reading Instruction for Individuals with Significant Cognitive Disabilities

This article presents the results of a comprehensive review of 128 studies on teaching reading to individuals with significant cognitive disabilities. The review compared these studies against the National Reading Panel's components of reading; although it revealed an inadequate consideration of the components of reading, it found strong evidence for teaching sight words using systematic prompting and fading. The reviewers considered not only the number of studies, but also indicators proposed for evidence-based practice and effect size. This study identified some high quality studies with strong effect size for comprehension and fluency, but only one phonics study was strong in both quality and effects. Additional research is needed to promote broader skills in literacy for this population.
'TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER' AND THE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY : A SEARCH FOR THE BOUNDARIES OF UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION

Abstract This article examines the emerging ‘technology transfer’ role US academics are expected to play in economic development, what specific roles they believe they can play in industrial innovations, and how they might go about collaborating with private industry. Based on a national survey response of approximately 1000 faculty members at research-intensive universities it concludes that US academics in the 1990s believe that they are more favorably disposed than in the 1980s toward closer university-industry collaboration. A majority of the respondents supports the idea that their universities participate actively in local and regional economic development, facilitate commercialization of academic research, and encourage faculty consulting for private firms. A majority of these respondents, however, refuses to support the idea of their universities getting involved in close business partnership with private industry by way of, for example, start-up assistance or equity investment. Of various organizational and motivational underpinnings analyzed from the data, two factors stand out as central to the current debate on university transfer: one is the perception of declining federal R&D support, which threatens the vitality of their research enterprise, and the other is the impact of close university-industry cooperation, which is likely to interfere with academic freedom — the freedom to pursue long-term, disinterested, fundamental research. A search for the boundaries of university-industry collaboration is, therefore, seen as a balancing act between these two competing concerns.
Deformations of superconformal field theories and target-space symmetries

We give a method of deforming the conformal field theories of the bosonic and fermionic string corresponding to turning on the target-space background fields and describe a procedure for obtaining the transformations of the background fields under a target-space symmetry group. After illustrating these methods with examples, we apply them to the case of the chiral superfields which arise when the six internal dimensions of the fermionic string are compactified into a ${Z}_{3}$ orbifold and obtain the $N=1$ supersymmetry transformations of the chiral superfields.
An optimal policy for a fish harvest

A dynamical model for harvesting a fish population system is proposed by introducing control into the known Verhulst-Pearl model. An optimal control problem including some parameters is stated, and the usual necessary conditions are applied. For specific parameter values, the candidate control policy is deduced, and optimality is verified by applying a sufficiency theorem. The optimal trajectories may contain maximum and minimum control arcs as well as a singular subarc. The significance of the singular arc is interpreted in terms of the system dynamics.
Evaluation of sampling methods to quantify abundance of hardwoods and snags within conifer-dominated riparian zones

& Aims Six sampling alternatives were examined for their ability to quantify selected attributes of snags and hardwoods in conifer-dominated riparian areas of managed headwater forests in western Oregon. & Methods Each alternative was simulated 500 times at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52-ha square stem map. The alternatives were evaluated based on how well they estimated the number of hardwoods and snags per hectare and their basal area per hectare using root mean square error and percent bias. & Results In general, 3.6-m wide systematic strips oriented perpendicular to the stream outperformed the other alternatives. However, the variance of all six sampling alternatives was quite high and further research is needed to determine an optimal sampling method for quantifying hardwoodandsnagattributesinforestsdominatedbyliveconifers. & Conclusion When sampling snag and hardwood as a minor component of the overall forest composition within a riparian area, we suggest using 3.6-m strips perpendicular to the stream.
Comparative dietary therapy effectiveness in remission of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis

Background Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that responds to dietary therapy; however, data evaluating the effectiveness of dietary therapeutic strategies are limited. Objective This study compared the effectiveness of 3 frequently prescribed dietary therapies (elemental, 6-food elimination, and skin prick and atopy patch–directed elimination diets) and assessed the remission predictability of skin tests and their utility in directing dietary planning. Methods A retrospective cohort of proton-pump inhibitor–unresponsive, non–glucocorticoid-treated patients with eosinophilic esophagitis who had 2 consecutive endoscopic biopsy specimens associated with dietary intervention was identified. Biopsy histology and remissions ( Results Ninety-eight of 513 patients met the eligibility criteria. Of these 98 patients, 50% (n = 49), 27% (n = 26), and 23% (n = 23) received elemental, 6-food elimination, and directed diets, respectively. Remission occurred in 96%, 81%, and 65% of patients on elemental, 6-food elimination, and directed diets, respectively. The odds of postdiet remission versus nonremission were 5.6-fold higher ( P = .05) on elemental versus 6-food elimination diets and 12.5-fold higher ( P = .003) on elemental versus directed diets and were not significantly different ( P = .22) on 6-food elimination versus directed diets. After 116 single-food reintroductions, the negative predictive value of skin testing for remission was 40% to 67% (milk, 40%; egg, 56%; soy, 64%; and wheat, 67%). Conclusion All 3 dietary therapies are effective; however, an elemental diet is superior at inducing histologic remission compared with 6-food elimination and skin test–directed diets. Notably, an empiric 6-food elimination diet is as effective as a skin test–directed diet. The negative predictive values of foods most commonly reintroduced in single-food challenges are not sufficient to support the development of dietary advancement plans solely based on skin test results.
Hooking up new synapses.

Synapse formation requires adhesive interactions between pre- and postsynaptic membranes. A new study reports that netrin-G2 ligand (NGL-2) interactions with netrin-G2 induces excitatory synapses, expanding the range of known synapse-inducing signals.
Rayleigh–Ritz calculation of the resonant modes of a solid parallelepiped in a pressurizing fluid

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy relies on comparisons of experimentally determined vibrational spectra to theoretically computed spectra for the extraction of the elastic moduli of the solid samples. To determine the pressure dependence of these moduli, resonant spectra are taken for samples pressurized by a surrounding gas and knowledge of the contribution of the surface loading of the sample by the gas is needed in order to extract the intrinsic pressure dependence of the moduli. To facilitate the required comparisons, a Rayleigh-Ritz variational calculation of the vibrational spectrum is formulated which includes the loading of the solid by the pressurizing fluid. This formalism is used to compute the effect of gas loading on the vibrational spectrum of an isotropic, solid parallelepiped.
Incorporating Prior Biologic Information for High-Dimensional Rare Variant Association Studies

Background: Given the increasing scale of rare variant association studies, we introduce a method for high-dimensional studies that integrates multiple sources of data as well as allows for multiple region-specific risk indices. Methods: Our method builds upon the previous Bayesian risk index by integrating external biological variant-specific covariates to help guide the selection of associated variants and regions. Our extension also incorporates a second level of uncertainty as to which regions are associated with the outcome of interest. Results: Using a set of study-based simulations, we show that our approach leads to an increase in power to detect true associations in comparison to several commonly used alternatives. Additionally, the method provides multilevel inference at the pathway, region and variant levels. Conclusion: To demonstrate the flexibility of the method to incorporate various types of information and the applicability to high-dimensional data, we apply our method to a single region within a candidate gene study of second primary breast cancer and to multiple regions within a candidate pathway study of colon cancer.
Urban estuarine systems under stress: Environmental issues facing Louisiana's Lake pontchartrain

Lake Pontchartrain is part of a brackish coastal estuarine system which serves as an important economic and recreational resource for the New Orleans region. Seafood extraction, shell dredging and leisure time activities are the major uses occurring on Lake Pontchartrain. In the past several decades, man has severely altered this system through urbanization, industrial activity, levee construction and subsequent destruction of wetlands surrounding the lake. There is a growing awareness of the environmental crisis facing Lake Pontchartrain, advanced by recent fish kills, detection of toxic chemicals, curtailment of recreational opportunities and the report of ‘dead zones’ in the lake. This study summarizes a series of international environmental management techniques and examines the utilization of a regional structure for water resources management in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin.
Etale cohomology of toric varieties defined by infinite fans

Abstract Toric varieties are a special class of normal rational varieties defined by means of a combinatorial object called a fan. The fan defining the variety gives a designated open cover and a dictionary describing how the open sets in the cover intersect. When all the open sets in the designated cover and their intersections have trivial cohomology, the cohomology of the whole variety is determined by the fan. In this article we calculate the low degree cohomology on the Zariski and Etale sites of toric varieties over an algebraically closed field of characteristic = 0. These computations extend (with different proofs) most of the results in DeMeyer et al., (1993) where the fan was assumed to be finite. As a result, we show any countable direct product of finite cyclic groups is isomorphic to the cohomological Brauer group of some toric variety. All the definitions and basic facts about toric varieties which we use can be found in Oda (1988).
Sirolimus modulates HIVAN phenotype through inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Abstract HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is characterized by proliferative phenotype in the form of collapsing glomerulopathy and microcystic dilatation of tubules. Recently, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal cells has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of proliferative HIVAN phenotype. We hypothesized that sirolimus would modulate HIVAN phenotype by attenuating renal cell EMT. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of sirolimus on the development of renal cell EMT as well as on display of HIVAN phenotype in a mouse model of HIVAN (Tg26). Tg26 mice receiving normal saline (TgNS) showed enhanced proliferation of both glomerular and tubular cells when compared to control mice-receiving normal saline (CNS); on the other hand, Tg26 mice receiving sirolimus (TgS) showed attenuated renal cell proliferation when compared with TgNS. TgNS also showed increased number of α-SMA-, vimentin-, and FSP1-positive cells (glomerular as well as tubular) when compared with CNS; however, TgS showed reduced number of SMA, vimentin, and FSP1 + ve renal cells when compared to TgNS. Interestingly, sirolimus preserved renal epithelial cell expression of E-cadherin in TgS. Since sirolimus attenuated renal cell ZEB expression (a repressor of E-cadherin transcription), it appears that sirolimus may be attenuating renal cell EMT by preserving epithelial cell E-cadherin expression.
Early Post Operative Septic Arthritis After Hip Arthroscopy Using Tisseel Fibrin Sealant: Report of Two Cases

We present two cases of septic arthritis of the hip joint after arthroscopic intervention where both patients were treated with fibrin sealant in association with acetabular micro fracture procedures. Both patients presented with aggressive early onset symptoms, atypical for standard post-operative wound infections. We have now reduced use of Tisseel Fibrin Sealant within the context of hip arthroscopy procedures for concern regarding risk of infection.
Orbital Surgery: State of the Art

Much has been written about the repair of orbital fractures, yet some debate still exists among surgeons with regard to indications for and timing of fracture repair and various surgical techniques. Controversies regarding the surgical maneuvers include the incision, surgical approach, and methods of wound closure. More detailed imaging modalities have allowed clinicians to understand the injuries more completely and plan for and execute more ideal reconstructions. Recent advances in orbital implant materials and the role of endoscopy in orbital fracture repair add to this debate about which techniques would be best for particular injuries. This article discusses these issues and provides the most current literature review regarding the management of various orbital fractures.
Applied Anthropology or the Anthropology of Modernity? Max Gluckman's Vision of Southern African Society, 1939–1947

This article analyses the work of Max Gluckman, the well-known South African-born British social anthropologist during his years in colonial Zambia (Northern Rhodesia). It argues that Gluckman's Northern Rhodesian writings are best understood as an extension of his powerful critique of segregation in South Africa, ‘Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand’. Instead of appearing as a naive attempt at ‘applied anthropology’, his work from this period in Northern Rhodesia is as an attempt to imagine the many different futures available to Africans, futures that depended upon the way different African societies had been incorporated into the world economic system. This understanding opens up the possibility of viewing British social anthropology from this period not only as a reflection of the ‘colonial encounter’, but also as offering an important contribution to the analysis of the ways that modernity has had an impact upon the lives of Africans and the futures available to them.
Molecular Characterization of the Segment 2 Gene of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 2: Gene Sequence and Genetic Diversity☆

The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major outer capsid protein VP2 from the Alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (EHDV-2) was determined. Complementary DNA (cDNA) corresponding to segment 2 was 3002 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame that encoded a VP2 of 982 amino acids. Although the VP2 from EHDV-2 was only 34% homologous to the cognate protein from EHDV-1, their predicted hydropathic profiles were similar, suggesting that conservation of structure is important biologically to these capsid proteins. Sequence analysis of six North American EHDV-2 field isolates showed a high degree of comparative genetic identity (> 97%). Phylogenetic profiles constructed suggest that regionalization of the viruses within the North American continent has contributed to the genetic diversity.
Bourdieu, Cultural Intermediaries and Good Housekeeping 's George Marek A case study of middlebrow musical taste

This article explores the nexus of class, gender, and musical taste for the white middle-class family in the USA from the late 1940s through the mid-1950s. Cultural intermediaries in the western co...
Controlling “Uncontrollable” Agency‐Influenced Spending in the United States

Abstract The present study is a comparative investigation of implicit and explicit parameters that exist to constrain agency actors from the rational pursuit of increasing agency‐influenced spending over time. The underlying assumption is that agencies that are relatively free from the constraint of budget structure and process will exhibit higher levels of related proportional spending. In particular, state mandatory spending is investigated through application of the tenets of institutional theory to the growth and expansion of Medicaid, which has been charged with inducing “uncontrollable” spending. Findings from a panel data analysis of states indicate that beyond the often‐cited drivers of Medicaid costs, states that are less restrictive in terms of budget rules exhibit higher proportional levels of Medicaid spending. The primary implication of the study is that a vigorous inquiry into the drivers of state expenditures must consider the institutional constraints that hinder programmatic growth and sp...
Balloon/Stent Expansion Dynamics in Stenotic Arteries

Inflation balloons for stents are typically sized 1–2mm longer than endovascular stents, yet the effects of the degree of balloon overhang are unknown. In this study, a computational model capable of predicting balloon/stent/artery/plaque interactions and their effects on arterial and plaque stresses was developed to assess the effects of length mismatch and plaque classification on stent expansion characteristics and arterial stresses in diseased arteries. A 16-mm long, 1-mm unexpanded diameter, slotted tube stent was modeled and expanded using contact frictional elements by symmetrically-placed, tapered 17-mm and 18-mm balloons within an artery which contained no plaque to evaluate the effects of stent/balloon size mismatch on arterial stresses. The 18-mm balloon was then also used to expand inside an artery lined with plaque. The plaque was crescent shaped and axisymmetric with a maximum stenosis of 40%. In one model the plaque was primarily cellular, while in another model the plaque was calcified. ANSYS was used to perform the FEA. This model takes into account the multilinear elastic balloon expansion, non-linear plastic stent expansion, and the hyper-elastic arterial and plaque deformations. In this study, endflare was defined by stent diameter at proximal end with respect to stent diameter at the midpoint. Results from this study indicate that without plaque repsent, the maximum arterial stress at balloon contact is approximately proportional to the degree of balloon overhang. A 100% increase in balloon overhang results in a 4% increase in maximum endflare and a 39% change in a peak arterial stress. However, at the end of expansion, which is of the most clinical importance, the increase in max endflare is 2% and the increase in maximum arterial stress is 93% at the balloon point of contact and 45% at the point of contact with the far proximal and distal ends of the stent. When comparing the results of calcified and cellular plaque, a maximum endflare of about 55% was observed for both the calcified and cellular plaque cases during expansion. At the end of expansion the increase in max endflare is 10% for the cellular plaque and 40% of the calcified plaque. The peak equivalent stress seen by the artery was about 100% larger in the cellular case than in the calcified plaque case. This was due to much of the stress being contained within the calcified plaque. The peak stress seen by the plaque was 100% larger in the calcified than in the cellular plaque.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
PERFECTION AND DESIRE: SPINOZA ON THE GOOD

While Spinoza claims that our good is both what increases our essential power and what helps us to satisfy our desires, he admits that people desire things that do not increase their power. This paper addresses this problem by arguing that Spinoza conceives of desires as expressions of our conatus, so that satisfying our desires necessarily increases our power and vice versa. This reading holds, in opposition to recent work, that Spinoza upholds a desire-satisfaction theory of the good, though an unusual one, since our good is only determined by desires arising from our conatus, in other words, active desires.
Improvement of photovoltaic response based on enhancement of spin-orbital coupling and triplet states in organic solar cells

This article reports an improvement of photovoltaic response by dispersing phosphorescent Ir(ppy)3 molecules in an organic solar cell of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1 4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) blended with surface-functionalized fullerene 1-(3-methyloxycarbonyl)propy(1-phenyl [6,6]) C61 (PCBM). The magnetic field–dependent photocurrent indicates that the dispersed Ir(ppy)3 molecules increase the spin-orbital coupling strength with the consequence of changing the singlet and triplet ratios through intersystem crossing due to the penetration of the delocalized π electrons of MEH-PPV into the large orbital magnetic field of Ir(ppy)3 dopants. The tuning of singlet and triplet exciton ratios can lead to an enhancement of photovoltaic response due to their different contributions to the two different photocurrent generation channels: exciton dissociation and exciton-charge reaction in organic materials. In addition, the photoluminescence temperature dependence reveals that the dispersed Ir(ppy)3 re...
Envisioning a New Paradigm Synthesis in Management Education

In this article, we explore the bond between management education and practice, and the tensions between knowledge and experience. We argue that the current paradigm of management education is one of `balance' and suggest that this be replaced by a new paradigm of `synthesis'. We define paradigm, offer a brief history of US management education as it relates to the development of the current paradigm, provide an explanation of the `paradigm of balance' and its prevailing manifestations in management education, propose a reconceptualization of management education from within a `paradigm of synthesis', and offer two recent innovations in management education as exemplars.
Drosophila P-element transposase is a transcriptional repressor in vitro.

Abstract Mobility of P transposable elements in Drosophila melanogaster depends on the 87-kDa transposase protein encoded by the P element. Transposase recognizes a 10-base-pair DNA sequence that overlaps an A + T-rich region essential for transcription from the P-element promoter. We report here that transposase represses transcription from the P-element promoter in vitro. This transcriptional repression is blocked by prior formation of an RNA polymerase II transcription complex on the template DNA. Binding of transposase on the P-element promoter is blocked by prior binding of either the Drosophila RNA polymerase II complex or the yeast transcription factor TFIID. These data suggest that transposase represses transcription by preventing assembly of an RNA polymerase II complex at the P-element promoter.
CuO-oxidized dissolved organic matter (DOM) investigated with comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS)

Abstract GC × GC-TOF-MS was applied to investigate the molecular diversity of CuO-oxidized, trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatized DOM isolated from Lake Tahoe’s main tributary, the Upper Truckee River (UTR), California. Many (4789) chromatographic peaks were resolved in a single sample at a signal/noise (S/N) ratio of 10 or greater and > 300 (> 6%) were assigned discrete structures. Mapping the two dimensional elution time space revealed 8 homologous series defined by successive CH 2 additions. Series of other compounds related to one another by OCH 3 and OH substitutions were also assigned. Elucidation of the retention time (RT) displacements affected by these molecular transformations guided the discovery of novel compounds as well as those that had previously escaped detection within DOM, including a suite of lignin-derived cyclobutane photodimers. Analysis of RT shifts among sets of benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) isomers revealed the second chromatographic dimension to strongly retain sterically strained isomers, providing a basis for assigning groups of isomers that were otherwise unassignable. The heightened chromatographic resolution also revealed a substantial and hitherto analytically inaccessible diversity of isomers, which appear to be uniquely resolved with the method, but which would fall outside the analytical window of other high resolution MS methods, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS (FT-ICR-MS). The study likely represents the most comprehensive compound-specific elucidation of any natural OM (NOM) sample to date.
Effect of spices on growth and survival of Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 in ground beef stored at 4 and 8C

Few studies have addressed the use of spices against pathogens associated with meat. The effects of garlic, ginger and turmeric were evaluated against Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 that were inoculated either in spice paste or in buffered peptone water (BPW) or in heat-treated ground beef and stored at 4 and 8C for 10 days. Data from the spice pastes study showed a decrease in Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 counts, and the greatest reduction (3.39 log) was observed in garlic paste stored at 4C. Garlic in BPW data showed a reduction of 1.5 and 1.0 log in Salmonella Typhimurium counts at 4 and 8C, respectively. Ground beef stored at 4C showed no growth or a slight reduction in growth in samples with spice, while all samples at 8C showed an increase in Salmonella Typhimurium counts. Results show that the spices inhibit or inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 when they are in direct contact. However, when spices are added to a complex food system such as ground beef, the inhibitory activity of these spices considerably decreases.
The stoichiometry of creation of membrane lesions by hematoporphyrin derivative and light

Photohemolysis is induced by photodynamic treatment of human erythrocytes using the sensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Photohemolytic rate is found to vary with the square of HPD concentration and with the square of the fluence. The results imply that creation of a discrete lysis-promoting lesion in the red blood cell membrane requires the action of two photons and two HPD molecules. The results must be considered in attempts to model HPD photosensitization effects.
Characterization of energy bands in metals by scattering phase shifts

Abstract We discuss an electron energy band parameterization scheme specifying the phase shifts η 0 , η 1 and η 2 as functions of energy. The use of this scheme has been investigated for Cu, Ag and Al.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Behçet's disease in the US: a population-based study.

Objective Behcet's disease (BD) is a rare, multisystem inflammatory disorder of unknown cause. Although well-documented in Eastern populations, epidemiologic data is scarce in North American countries. Here we describe the incidence and prevalence of BD in Olmsted County, Minnesota over 45 years. Methods We identified an incidence cohort of subjects age ≥18 years who had a clinical diagnosis of and/or fulfilled the International Study Group (ISG) criteria for BD from January 1, 1960 to January 1, 2005. Age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence were estimated and age- and sex-adjusted to the 2000 US total population. Results The study population was comprised of 13 subjects with BD; 11 fulfilled ISG criteria between 1960 and 2005. Mean ± SD age was 31 ± 9 years, and 69% were white. Point prevalence in 2000 was 5.2 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.64–9.84). The overall annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence of BD was 0.38 per 100,000 population (95% CI 0.17–0.59), with a higher incidence in women (0.51 per 100,000; 95% CI 0.17–0.84) than in men (0.26 per 100,000; 95% CI 0.004–0.52). Dermatologic lesions included oral ulcers (100%), genital ulcers (62%), erythema nodosum (46%), and papulopustular lesions (54%). Ocular lesions, vascular complications, and central nervous system involvement were present in 8, 3, and 3 subjects, respectively. Conclusion Our study shows an overall incidence of 0.38 per 100,000 population, which is comparable with other Western populations. The prevalence of 5.2 per 100,000 population is similar to estimates reported in Western countries, but lower than that in countries along the Silk Road.
A comparison of the knowledge and attitudes about smoking among nurses who never smoked, those who have successfully stopped smoking and those who currently smoke

A smaller percentage of nurses than physicians or dentists smoked in 1959, while in 1972 a higher percentage of nurses smoked than did either of the other two professional groups (Garfmkel, 1976). Although the study documented that smaller percentages of all professionals smoked in 1972 than in 1959, the dechne was less for nurses than for physicians and dentists. In 1975 a survey of health professionals reported that the percentage of nurses who smoke increased from 37% in 1967 to 39% in 1975, as compared to 29% of all U.S. women in 1975. However, 23% of the nurses who smoked were smoking low tar and nicotine cigarettes, as compared to 17% of the general U.S. female population who smoked @HEW, 1975). In spite of the fact that U.S. nurses, physicians, dentists and pharmacists in the 1975 survey strongly agreed that they had a definite role as examplars for their clients, nurses lagged behind other professionals in quitting the smoking habit (DHEW, 1979). Of nurses who have smoked, only 36% have quit, whereas 64% of the physicians and 61% of the dentists who had smoked quit @HEW, 1979). In a 1978 survey 24.3% of nurse respondents had stopped smoking, but 34.5% were current smokers (Belanger et al., 1978). Another study found that 25.9% of the female nurses smoked, as compared to 19.5% of other professional women (physicians and dentists). Nurses, more frequently than other professional women in the study, stated that they found it difficult to quit smoking (Garfimkel, 1976). This same study also reported that a smaller percentage of female physicians smoked than did their male counterparts.
Ventricular Nonmixing as a Source of Error in the Estimation of Ventricular Volume by the Indicator-Dilution Technic

1. In the anesthetized dog, end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes for the left ventricle have been calculated according to the method of Holt from dilution curves recorded at the aortic root. For heart rates of less than 120 beats per minute, the catheterdensitometer systems used gave 90 to 95 per cent of the true concentration in the aortic root at the end of diastole. 2. Average volumes of 2.96, 1.63 and 1.33 ml./Kg. of body weight were calculated for each of these parameters. The interindividual and intraindividual variations about these means amounted to ± 30 to 50 per cent. 3. In approximately 15 per cent of the dilution curves the concentration of dye in the aortic root during early systole (phase of maximal ejection) showed a transient, markedly low value compared with that of the end of diastole. This can be explained only on the basis of the preferential ejection from the heart in early systole of the undyed, newly entering blood from the left atrium, which had mixed poorly with the residual volume of the ventricle. Qualitative inspection of cineangiograms confirmed this impression and demonstrated that a residuum of contrast medium failed to mix with the incoming blood from the left atrium. 4. In addition, there is evidence for the possibility of overestiination of stroke volumes from dilution curves recorded immediately proximal to the injection chamber. 5. Incomplete mixing of the left artial blood with the residual volume of the ventricle precludes accurate quantitation of the changes of volume in the ventricle by the simple formulas proposed by previous authors. This phenomenon may serve to explain the considerable variability that is found in the present study and in the literature.
Spontaneous Asymmetry of Coated Spherical Nanoparticles in Solution and at Liquid-Vapor Interfaces

Spherical nanoparticles (NPs), uniformly coated with a simple polymer used to passivate NPs in solution, are shown to produce highly asymmetric coating arrangements. We show that a class of spherical particles is not symmetrically coated even when extremely uniform grafting arrangements and full coverages are employed. We demonstrate, using explicit-atom molecular dynamics simulations of model NPs, that geometric properties dictate when a coating's spherical symmetry will be unstable and show that the chain end group and the solvent play a secondary role in determining the properties of surface patterns. At the water-vapor interface the coatings are significantly distorted and oriented by the surface. These asymmetric and oriented coatings are expected to have a dramatic effect on the interactions between NPs and will likely influence the structures of aggregated NPs which self-assemble in the bulk and at surfaces.
The proton-reduced L X-ray spectrum of argon☆

Abstract The argon L X-ray spectrum produced by 100 keV protons is presented. A new line, not observed in the electron- produced spectrum, appears at 262 eV is interpreted as a 3d→2p transition. Since the 3d level is normally empty in argon, the data provide the first direct evidence from X-rays following proton bombardment of excitation of electrons to bound states.
The Effect on the Amount of Conditioning of an Interval of Time before Reinforcement

Resume L'EFFET DE LA QUANTITE DE CONDITIONNEMENT D'UN INTERVALLE DE TEMPS AVANT LE RENFORCEMENT Des intervalles de deux, de quatre, de six, et de huit secondes ont ete introduits entre une reponse conditionnelle et son renforcement, et l'on en a observe l'effet sur la proportion de l'extinction—c'est-a-dire, sur le nombre des reponses causees sans renforcement en retour du renforcement d'une reponse. Les intervalles cites ci-dessus ont reduit la proportion de 33%, de 30%, de 54%, et de 52% respectivement. On donne des raisons pour l'absence d'une relation plus simple. On decrit une autre technique pour la comparaison de l'efficacite renforcements retardes, laquelle utilise l'extinction separee des membres d'une chaǐne de reflexes.
Decreased maternal serum hcg levels with increasing gravidity and parity

Objective To investigate the preliminary observation that primigravid women have higher hCG multiples of the median (MoM) than multigravid women. Methods An analysis of the effect of gravidity and parity on maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and hCG was performed using data from 20,009 consecutive singleton pregnancies of 15–20 weeks' gestation in a maternal serum screening program. Results The human chorionic gonadotropin MoM for primigravid women was 0.1 MoM higher than for multigravid women. As parity or gravidity increased, maternal serum hCG decreased. The median hCG MoM for nulliparous women was 1.05, compared with 0.94 MoM for para 3 women. The decrease in hCG was similar at each gestational week from 15–20. In contrast, MSAFP and MSAFP MoM were unaffected by parity. Maternal age and race were potential contributing factors to the effect of parity. However, the decrease in hCG MoM with parity was observed within each 5-year increment of maternal age. Similarly, both black and non-black populations displayed decreases in hCG with parity, although black women had a consistently higher MoM in all matched sets. The decrease in hCG MoM with parity was also observed in 50 Down syndrome cases. Correcting patient data for parity resulted in the hCG MoM changing only 2.7% on average. The detection rate for the 50 Down syndrome cases would not have changed. Conclusion The decrease in maternal serum hCG with increasing parity demonstrates that pregnancy history influences the level of maternal serum hCG. Further studies are needed to define the contributing factors, but the impact of parity on Down syndrome screening appears to be small.
A Wide-Swing Low-Noise Transconductance Amplifier and the Enabling of Large-Signal Handling Direct-Conversion Receivers

In this paper, the design of a wide-swing low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) is presented in the context of passive mixer-based direct-conversion RF receivers, noting that the compression performance of such systems is limited by the initial voltage-to-current conversion. The proposed LNTA utilizes a stacked PMOS/NMOS common-gate configuration with its input common-mode voltage maintained by a class-AB operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Linearization mechanisms and design procedures are explained both quantitatively and intuitively. Simulations of the LNTA at the typical corner, when ideally loaded, show an IIP3 + 32.8 dBm extrapolated at +12.5 dBm/-16.5 dBm CW blocking condition and an out-of-band 1-dB desensitization point of +22 dBm. These results are also shown to qualitatively agree with those extracted from an analytical model of the LNTA.
Renal vascular disease as a cause of hypertension.

Abstract Renal arterial occlusive disease is an important and potentially curable cause of diastolic blood pressure elevation. However, renovascular disease with resultant renal functional impairment is commonly the inevitable result of persistent primary diastolic hypertension. In the latter instances, the associated vascular injury may be arrested by appropriate antihypertensive therapy.
Observation of the charge symmetry breaking d + d → 4He + π0 reaction near threshold

We report the first observation of the charge symmetry breaking d+d-->4He+pi(0) reaction near threshold. Measurements using a magnetic channel (gated by two photons) of the 4He scattering angle and momentum (from time of flight) permitted reconstruction of the pi(0) "missing mass," the quantity used to separate 4He+pi(0) events from the continuum of double radiative capture 4He+gamma+gamma events. We measured total cross sections for neutral pion production of 12.7+/-2.2 pb at 228.5 MeV and 15.1+/-3.1 pb at 231.8 MeV. The uncertainty is dominated by statistical errors. These cross sections arise fundamentally from the down-up quark mass difference and quark electromagnetic effects that contribute in part through meson mixing (e.g., pi(0)-eta) mechanisms.
Medical errors, airplanes, and information technology

The IOM says tens of thousands die each year from medical errors. Learn lessons from the aviation industry and how we can build a culture of safety with information technology and clinical information systems.
Rayleigh limit-Penndorf extension

generated for the Rayleigh and Penndorf limits for c< = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 in the 1.5 ~< n ~ 2.5 and 0.5 ~< k ~< 1.5 domain which covers the range of soot properties. The practical significance of the Penndorf correction is demonstrated in terms of optical diagnostics and radiative heat transfer. Also, the Planck and Rosseland mean absorption coefficients based on the Penndorf expansion are shown to yield relative to those based on the Rayleigh limit P R
Optimization method to branch-and-bound large SBO state spaces under dynamic probabilistic risk assessment via use of LENDIT scales and S2R2 sets

Traditional probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods have been developed to evaluate risk associated with complex systems; however, PRA methods lack the capability to evaluate complex dynamic systems. In these systems, time and energy scales associated with transient events may vary as a function of transition times and energies to arrive at a different physical state. Dynamic PRA (DPRA) methods provide a more rigorous analysis of complex dynamic systems. Unfortunately DPRA methods introduce issues associated with combinatorial explosion of states. In order to address this combinatorial complexity, a branch-and-bound optimization technique is applied to the DPRA formalism to control the combinatorial state explosion. In addition, a new characteristic scaling metric (LENDIT – length, energy, number, distribution, information and time) is proposed as linear constraints that are used to guide the branch-and-bound algorithm to limit the number of possible states to be analyzed. The LENDIT characterization ...
Electrorefiner liquid cadmium cathode crucible thermal shock

A liquid cadmium cathode is used in an electrorefiner to remove plutonium and minor actinides from spent nuclear fuel by pyroprocessing. Liquid cadmium in a beryllia crucible, originally at 35°C, is lowered into 500°C salt electrolyte to begin reprocessing. Crucible cracking from thermal stress would release cadmium into the liquid salt causing electrorefiner failure. This study's purpose was to predict if the ceramic crucible would fail. A handbook method showed it would. An analytical model eliminating two large conservatisms predicted no failure. A beryllia crucible preheated to 321°C was successfully immersed in electrorefiner salt without failure. The conclusion is that handbook methods can be severely conservative in predicting thermal stress failures for immersion in low thermal conductivity fluids.
Oxygen‐dependent autoaggregation in Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1

In aerobic chemostat cultures maintained at 50% dissolved O2 tension (123.5 µM dissolved O2), Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 rapidly aggregated upon addition of 0.68 mM CaCl2 and retained this multi-cellular phenotype at high dilution rates. Confocal microscopy analysis of the extracellular matrix material contributing to the stability of the aggregate structures revealed the presence of extracellular DNA, protein, and glycoconjugates. Upon onset of O2-limited growth (dissolved O2 below detection) however, the Ca2+-supplemented chemostat cultures of strain MR-1 rapidly disaggregated and grew as motile dispersed cells. Global transcriptome analysis comparing aerobic aggregated to O2-limited unaggregated cells identified genes encoding cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface adhesion factors whose transcription increased upon exposure to increased O2 concentrations. The aerobic aggregated cells also revealed increased expression of putative anaerobic electron transfer and homologs of metal reduction genes, including mtrD (SO1782), mtrE (SO1781), and mtrF (SO1780). Our data indicate that mechanisms involved in autoaggregation of MR-1 are dependent on the function of pilD gene which encodes a putative prepilin peptidase. Mutants of S. oneidensis strain MR-1 deficient in PilD and associated pathways, including type IV and Msh pili biogenesis, displayed a moderate increase in sensitivity to H2O2. Taken together, our evidence indicates that aggregate formation in S.more » oneidensis MR-1 may serve as an alternative or an addition to biochemical detoxification to reduce the oxidative stress associated with production of reactive oxygen species during aerobic metabolism while facilitating the development of hypoxic conditions within the aggregate interior.« less
Characteristics of Small Vortices in a Turbulent Axisymmetric Jet

Characteristics of small vortices were studied in axisymmetric jets wherein the Kolmogorov scale was approached by progressively decreasing the Reynolds number while still maintaining turbulent flow. A periodic forcing introduced far upstream of tire jet nozzle ensured that the jet was turbulent. A vortex eduction tool was developed and applied to the high-pass filtered 2D velocity field in the axial plane of a turbulent jet while varying Re between 140 and 2600. Vortex population, energy, vorticity, and rms (root-mean-square velocity fluctuations) of the high-pass filtered field were measured to elucidate vortex characteristics