cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neck Mass that Moves with Swallowing

A 53-year-old woman is referred to your clinic with a chief complaint of a neck mass. She sought care after feeling a lump in the lower anterior neck, just right of the midline. She complains of a sensation of neck tightness, especially when lying supine. She denies any voice changes, difficulty swallowing, or pain. She denies exposure to ionizing radiation. She takes no medications and has no known drug allergies. Her social history is negative for tobacco and alcohol use. She does not have a family history of neck tumors or thyroid problems. On physical exam, you find a well-nourished normal adult female with a solitary, 2-cm nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid that moves with swallowing. There is no associated cervical adenopathy. Her laboratory tests demonstrate a TSH of 2 mIU/L (normal 0.4–4) and normal serum free T4 and free T3 levels. An ultrasound confirms the presence of a roughly spherical, well-demarcated 2-cm nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid and normal cervical lymph nodes.
Tracing the cycling and fate of the munition, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in a simulated sandy coastal marine habitat with a stable isotopic tracer, 15N-[RDX].

Abstract Coastal marine habitats become contaminated with the munitions constituent, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-trazine (RDX), via military training, weapon testing and leakage of unexploded ordnance. This study used 15N labeled RDX in simulated aquarium-scale coastal marine habitat containing seawater, sediment, and biota to track removal pathways from surface water including sorption onto particulates, degradation to nitroso-triazines and mineralization to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The two aquaria received continuous RDX inputs to maintain a steady state concentration (0.4 mg L−1) over 21 days. Time series RDX and nitroso-triazine concentrations in dissolved (surface and porewater) and sorbed phases (sediment and suspended particulates) were analyzed. Distributions of DIN species (ammonium, nitrate + nitrite and dissolved N2) in sediments and overlying water were also measured along with geochemical variables in the aquaria. Partitioning of RDX and RDX-derived breakdown products onto surface sediment represented 13% of the total added 15N as RDX (15N-[RDX]) equivalents after 21 days. Measured nitroso-triazines in the aquaria accounted for 6–13% of total added 15N-[RDX]. 15N-labeled DIN was found both in the oxic surface water and hypoxic porewaters, showing that RDX mineralization accounted for 34% of the 15N-[RDX] added to the aquaria over 21 days. Labeled ammonium (15NH4+, found in sediment and overlying water) and nitrate + nitrite (15NOX, found in overlying water only) together represented 10% of the total added 15N-[RDX]. The production of 15N labeled N2 (15N2), accounted for the largest individual sink during the transformation of the total added 15N-[RDX] (25%). Hypoxic sediment was the most favorable zone for production of N2, most of which diffused through porous sediments into the water column and escaped to the atmosphere.
Distress predicts utilization of psychosocial health services in oncology patients.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of increased distress among cancer patients has been well established and is known to be associated with negative consequences. Limited research has examined the association between distress and utilization of services, however, which is critical to understanding whether measurements of distress are being used to optimize patient care in the context of cancer. METHODS One thousand two hundred thirteen adult cancer patients completed the Distress Thermometer and Patient Needs Assessment early in their cancer care. Electronic medical record (EMR)-abstracted data included psychosocial service utilization in the 12 months following the completion of these psychosocial metrics. Logistic regressions followed by t tests were completed to assess if distress or unmet needs were affiliated with service utilization rates. RESULTS When controlling for age, distress significantly predicted service utilization rates overall. Follow-up t tests suggest that use of social work and registered dietician services was higher among those with distress scores greater than 6. When assessing unmet needs, utilization rates were positively associated with number of unmet needs, specifically for social work and dieticians. CONCLUSIONS Distress and unmet needs were related to higher rates of psychosocial service utilization during the 12 months following assessment of symptoms. These results support the continued mandate for evaluation of distress and suggest that psychosocial screening may be assisting in directing referrals and enhancing comprehensive care for patients. As psychosocial services grow, the need for continued evaluation is recommended to determine if psychology and chaplaincy services are utilized at higher rates as available providers increase.
Examining the relationship between satisfaction, intentions, and post-trip communication behaviour of active event sport tourists

The establishment of small-scale active sport events continues to rise at destinations around the world. These events draw visitors to a destination for the purpose of engaging in an active sportin...
Challenges in the Appropriation of Augustine

James K. A. Smith’s Awaiting the King is the most effective popularization of Augustine’s political thought currently available, but its reliance on the work of Oliver O’Donovan obscures uncomfortable elements of Augustine’s thought, and it does not adequately address how the racial and socioeconomic composition of Christian communities is itself formative.
Emily Sahakian. Staging Creolization: Women’s Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean

Aimed at Caribbean generalists and theatre practitioners, Staging Creolization reconstructs French Caribbean women’s plays to demonstrate the centrality of gender in creolization. Through detailed archival research and powerful theorization, Emily Sahakian deftly tells two stories at once: those of Ubu Repertory Theater and the gendered legacies of plantation slavery in Martinique and Guadeloupe.
Stereovision-updated image guidance in multi-level open spine surgery: short vs. long exposure

In open spine surgery, the accuracy of image guidance is compromised by alignment change between supine preoperative CT images (pCT) and prone intraoperative positioning. We have developed a level-wise registration framework to compensate for the intervertebral motion by updating pCT to match with intraoperative stereovision (iSV) data of the exposed spine. In this study, we compared performance of the iSV image updating system in different lengths of exposure using retrospective data from one cadaver pig specimen. Specifically, L1 to L6 were exposed and 3 metallic mini-screws were implanted on each level as “ground truth” locations. The spine was positioned supine to acquire pCT, and then positioned prone to acquire iSV using a hand-held iSV device. One image pair of iSV was acquired from each exposed vertebra. Three exposure lengths were evaluated by selecting data from corresponding levels to compare performance: 6 levels, 4 levels, and 3 levels. Accuracy of iSV updating was assessed through point-to-point registration error (ppRE) using mini-screw locations, and the average accuracy was 1.26±0.77 mm, 1.54±0.62 mm, and 1.38±0.44 mm, for the three exposure lengths, respectively. The time cost was ~10-15 min and similar in all three exposure sizes. Results indicate that performance of iSV image updating was similar in different lengths of exposure, and the accuracy was within clinically acceptable range (2 mm).
Engineering Cooperation in an Anaerobic Coculture.

ABSTRACT Over the past century, microbiologists have studied organisms in pure culture, yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that the majority of biological processes rely on multispecies cooperation and interaction. While little is known about how such interactions permit cooperation, even less is known about how cooperation arises. To study the emergence of cooperation in the laboratory, we constructed both a commensal community and an obligate mutualism using the previously noninteracting bacteria Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens. Incorporation of a glycerol utilization plasmid (pGUT2) enabled S. oneidensis to metabolize glycerol and produce acetate as a carbon source for G. sulfurreducens, establishing a cross-feeding, commensal coculture. In the commensal coculture, both species coupled oxidative metabolism to the respiration of fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor. Deletion of the gene encoding fumarate reductase in the S. oneidensis/pGUT2 strain shifted the coculture with G. sulfurreducens to an obligate mutualism where neither species could grow in the absence of the other. A shift in metabolic strategy from glycerol catabolism to malate metabolism was associated with obligate coculture growth. Further targeted deletions in malate uptake and acetate generation pathways in S. oneidensis significantly inhibited coculture growth with G. sulfurreducens. The engineered coculture between S. oneidensis and G. sulfurreducens provides a model laboratory system to study the emergence of cooperation in bacterial communities, and the shift in metabolic strategy observed in the obligate coculture highlights the importance of genetic change in shaping microbial interactions in the environment. IMPORTANCE Microbes seldom live alone in the environment, yet this scenario is approximated in the vast majority of pure-culture laboratory experiments. Here, we develop an anaerobic coculture system to begin understanding microbial physiology in a more complex setting but also to determine how anaerobic microbial communities can form. Using synthetic biology, we generated a coculture system where the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis consumes glycerol and provides acetate to the strict anaerobe Geobacter sulfurreducens. In the commensal system, growth of G. sulfurreducens is dependent on the presence of S. oneidensis. To generate an obligate coculture, where each organism requires the other, we eliminated the ability of S. oneidensis to respire fumarate. An unexpected shift in metabolic strategy from glycerol catabolism to malate metabolism was observed in the obligate coculture. Our work highlights how metabolic landscapes can be expanded in multispecies communities and provides a system to evaluate the evolution of cooperation under anaerobic conditions.
The Impact of a Customized, Job-Specific Stretching Program in Manufacturing: A Pilot Study

The goal of the current study was to mitigate employee discomfort and fatigue and improve emotional well-being through a job-specific stretching program at a local manufacturing facility. While preliminary analyses suggest that this program may have the desired impact on flexibility, fitness, and affect, it is only as good as its buy-in from the company. While the company seemed eager to adopt such a program at the initial planning-stages, large-scale implementation strategies were met with resistance. Some departments encouraged their employees to stretch together before starting the shift but did not promote the mid-shift or post-shift stretching to the same degree, while other departments were not as supportive of the program and did not complete any stretches as a group. Some employees in these departments noted that they wanted to take part independently. However, while completing the stretches on their own at their workstation, nearby coworkers led them to feel self-conscious. Employees noted that they would try to find an isolated place to do their stretches but that they were frequently “caught,” which led them to stop participating. Further investigation is underway after having addressed some of the identified issues with the initial launch. Based on the researchers’ feedback, the company has established a wellness committee to support engagement and lead group stretches. The safety and management teams have been actively engaged with promoting the program, leading to overall positive feelings towards the relaunch on the part of employees. Further data collection is underway.
Skeletal muscle progenitors are sensitive to collagen architectural features of fibril size and cross linking.

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for the robust regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. However, in fibrotic environments marked by abundant collagen and altered collagen organization, the...
Neonatal burns: a 10-year review of community- and hospital-acquired neonatal burns in Western Australia

BACKGROUND There are very few studies in the literature focusing on neonatal burns, and to our knowledge this is the largest study on this topic. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted over a 10-year period from 2010 to 2020 to investigate the incidence, mechanisms involved and outcomes for burn injuries in neonates in Western Australia. This study included children aged 4 weeks or younger who sustained a burns injury requiring admission to hospital or during their hospital admission. Premature infants who sustained burns during a hospital admission in the neonatal intensive care unit and were under 4 weeks corrected age were also included. Short-term outcomes of burn injuries included infection and need for surgery, and the long-term outcomes included scarring and requirement for laser therapy. RESULTS Over the 10-year period, 30 burn injuries were sustained by 27 neonates. Thirteen (43.3%) of these burns occurred at home or in the community, and 17 (56.7%) occurred in hospital. Scalds (n = 4) and sunburn (n = 4) were the most common mechanism in the community, while chemical (n = 12) burns including extravasation injuries were the most common sustained in hospital. No neonates required theatre for skin grafting or laser therapy for scarring. There were no infected burns in the cohort. Time to healing ranged from 2 to 62 days with a mean of 12.1 days. CONCLUSION Outcomes for burns sustained in the neonatal period in Western Australia are generally positive, and have not been associated with infection and have low rates of scarring.
Empirical Aids to Reservoir Fluid Simulation: Using Data Driven Models to Augment Compositional Simulation

Reservoir simulation is one of the most critically important tools in the modern reservoir engineering arsenal. Its uses range from reserves estimation to fluid and pressure dynamic simulation to well planning, field development and production forecasting. Reservoir fluid models are a major part of these reservoir models and are critical to the performance of the reservoir model. Traditionally, reservoir fluid simulation has been pursued using two general approaches: i) Black oil simulation and ii) Compositional fluid simulation. While black oil simulations are much faster in terms of computational overhead, they are not as accurate and may fail outright in case of near-critical crude oil mixtures. On the other hand, compositional fluid models are much more accurate but require more time and computational power to solve. The industry norm is now shifting towards compositional simulation due to easy availability of computing power and requisite gain in accuracy. However, there is a ‘time lag’ associated with the deployment of these models. Compositional models use an Equation of State (EoS) for computing the fluid densities and volume behaviour. These models need to be calibrated or ‘tuned’ before they are applied to the simulation model. Traditionally, the time required for acquisition and experimentation before data release for tuning takes over a year. This may prove to be a disadvantage in frontier exploration areas, or in complex compositionally graded reservoirs. This paper presents a new method for increasing the accuracy of non-tuned Equation of State (EoS) models that is referred henceforth as augmentation. This augmentation process utilises data driven models to estimate reservoir fluid parameters such as Bubble Point Pressure, Oil Formation Volume Factor or Gas Oil Ratio. These estimated/derived parameters, if derived from data from local data sets with geological or analogical similarities to current reservoir/basin under consideration are more accurate than the ‘un-tuned’ model. This gain in accuracy is transferred from the data driven models to the compositional models through the proposed augmentation technique before it is actually tuned to the actual fluid data. Improvements in accuracy up to 40% were observed on using this technique as opposed to standard non-tuned simulations. This technique facilitates the development of more accurate simulation models at an earlier stage of the reservoir development workflow than traditionally methods.
Crystallization of the Functional β Subunit from CF1-CF0

The five polypeptides of chloroplast coupling factor one (CF1) have a subunit stoichiometry of 3α, 3β, γ, δ, e designated in order of decreasing molecular weight (1–3). Nucleotide binding and ATPsynthase/ATPase activity have been associated with the β subunit per CF1 and evidence suggests that the three active sites are functionally linked (4). Purified CF1 is a latent ATPase which can be activated to show specificity for Mg2+(5–8) or Ca2+(9–12).
INSURING U.S. PARTICIPANTS' INTERESTS IN COUNTERTRADE

Countertrade [1] has become big business [2]. Eastern European countries have long favored such transactions as a means of trading with the West for desired commodities and technology in the absence of convertible currency [3]. With its recent entrance into trade with the West, the People's Republic of China (the "PRC") has expressed a similar interest in countertrade [4]. Third World nations have also increased their reliance on countertrade in order to utilize available commodities [5], rather than expending scarce cash, to pay for purchases, while at the same time tying Western suppliers to continued support of their technical development. The success of many countertrade agreements and the continued volatility of currencies and high interest rates indicate that countertrade deals will continue to grow in number and importance, particularly in trade with the East. From the point of view of U.S. firms, countertrade has several attractions. It allows them: (1) to sell goods or services in the foreign market, where buyers claim that they lack other resources to pay for purchases; (2) to develop long-term associations with foreign buyers who, in turn, serve as local producers or distributors, thereby excluding Western competitors from the foreign market; and (3) to license technology, often already thoroughly exploited in the West, with access to the licensee's operations or output. should that be desired. Despite these advantages, critics have argued that countertrade transactions may be less efficient than cash sales [6]. This article, however, assumes that the phenomenon of countertrade will grow due to its attractiveness to the participants, even when their interests are not identical with national policies of resource allocation [7]. In addition, this article assumes that the United States has valid reasons for promoting exports. Therefore, it proposes that the government should initiate, and, if necessary, operate a program for insuring
Whole genome sequence analysis links chromothripsis to EGFR, MDM2, MDM4, and CDK4 amplification in glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Findings based on recent advances in next-generation sequence analysis suggest that, in some tumors, a single catastrophic event, termed chromothripsis, results in several simultaneous tumorigenic alterations. Previous studies have suggested that glioblastoma (GBM) may exhibit chromothripsis at a higher rate (39%) than other tumors (9%). Primary glioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer that typically appears suddenly in older adults. With aggressive treatment, the median survival time is only 15 months. Their acute onset and widespread genomic instability indicates that chromothripsis may play a key role in their initiation and progression. GBMs are often characterized by EGFR amplification, CDKN2A and PTEN deletion, although approximately 20% of GBMs harbor additional amplifications in MDM2 or MDM4 with CDK4. METHODS: We used the chromothripsis prediction tool, Shatterproof, in conjunction with a custom whole genome sequence analysis pipeline in order to generate putative regions of chromothripsis. The data derived from this study was further expanded on using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and susceptibility studies with colony formation assays. RESULTS: We show that primary GBMs are associated with higher chromothripsis scores and establish a link between chromothripsis and gene amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as well as modulators of the TP53 and RB1 pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a newly introduced bioinformatic tool, we provide evidence that chromothripsis is associated with the formation of amplicons containing several oncogenes involved in key pathways that are likely essential for post-chromothriptic cell survival.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding jacalin isolectins.

Abstract Four jacalin cDNA clones (pSKcJA1, pSKcJA3, pSKcJA15, and pSKcJA17) have been obtained from an Artocarpus integrifolia (jackfruit) seed cDNA library. These clones share over 94% sequence homology, and their deduced polypeptide sequences confirm the existence of multiple jacalin isolectins in jackfruit seeds. The deduced amino acid sequences show that jacalin appears to be initially synthesized as a prepropeptide with the following structure: N-signal (21 residues)-->propeptide (39 residues)-->beta-peptide (20 residues)-->linker region (4 residues)-->alpha-peptide (133 residues). These observations are supported by Western blot analysis of jackfruit seed extract and by immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated products of both pSKcJA3 transcript and jackfruit seed poly(A)+ RNA. Sequence analysis of the 39-residue propeptide reveals that it has the potential to facilitate proper folding of jacalin protein. The unusual primary structure of jacalin prepropeptide suggests a quite interesting processing of this lectin precursor into mature alpha- and beta-subunits.
Clinical Behavior and Hypnotizability: Part III

In pursuit of a broader understanding of the association between clinical behavior and hypnotizability, we turn now to an examination of patients with puzzling physical symptoms that are poorly explained in pathophysiological terms. Such clinical pictures are generally categorized as hysterical. With the use of that term we are immediately reminded of the conviction of Charcot and then Janet that experiences in hysteria and hypnosis are identical, apart from the former being spontaneous and the latter induced. As stated earlier, the critics in their enthusiasm appear to have rejected not only their interpretations but also their observations. Janet (1901, 1907) described, in great detail, the rapid response of hysterical patients to ideas of pain, discomfort, or disease, and compared their reactions to the marked suggestibility of the hypnotized subject. Even disagreeing with the full extent of Janet’s assertions, as one observes the ease and rapidity of the hypnotic response in individuals with marked trance capacity, one has difficulty believing that such a skill would fail to have important clinical consequences, much as would be the case with other unusual skills or deficits. For example, it is generally acknowledged that unusual intellectual skills or limited intellectual ability will both have an effect on how pathology manifests itself and on how it is most effectively modified.
Power Distribution Analysis for the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor Critical Experiment 3

The mission of the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors Program is to minimize and, to the extent possible, eliminate the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian nuclear appli...
Performance of chip-level differential detection for DS-CDMA in multipath fading channels

Chip-level differential detection has been proposed and studied in frequency-nonselective fast fading channels in (Cavallini, et al., (1997)). However, the performance in multipath Rayleigh fading channels has not been studied so far. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of multipath channels on the performances of two types of chip-level differential detections. The bit error rate (BER) results are investigated via simulations. The performance of a conventional symbol-level differential detection is also studied as a comparison.
Bidding with Competitive Strategy Models

This work presents a bidding procedure based on competitive strategy theory. A study comparing the bids yielded by several competitive strategy models with those of actual lettings for 50 projects is made using data supplied by a building contractor. The study is made the data in sized sets in the chronological order that they became available to the contractor. Bids yielded by the sized data-sets in each model are compared to the low and second low actual bids and evaluated in terms of the anticipated profit and dollar volume of work which they would yield. These results are used to define the range in which the low bid in an actual letting will most likely fall wherein the lower bound is yielded by one competitive strategy model with a particular sized data set and the upper bound by another with another sized data set. The contractor uses his practical experience to select a value in this range as his bid. The ranges for projects 51 through 54 bid by the contractor are obtained, the bids selected and compared with the actual lettings. Conclusions on the bidding procedure resulting from this application are presented.
A GPU Implementation for Two-Dimensional Shallow Water Modeling

Two dimensional water ow simulations are useful for engineering rms tomodel oods, river/reservoir behavior, and dam break scenarios. These mod-els allow us to estimate the consequences of such events, which can determinethe allocation of funds towards high-risk areas. Much of the work in oodmodeling still uses one-dimensional solutions, which model the river as aseries of cross-sectional slices spanning the entire breadth of the river. Ateach computational slice, they simulate water elevation and velocity basedon the nearby upstream and downstream slices. The advantage of 1D solu-tions is that they vastly simplify the computational diculty of the problem.However, they only model velocity in one direction per cross-sectional slice.This method works well for large, steady rivers with low lateral velocity, but
Indachlorins: Nonplanar Indanone‐Annulated Chlorin Analogues with Panchromatic Absorption Spectra between 300 and 900 nm

Indaphyrins, pyrrole-modified porphyrins containing a cleaved pyrrole β,β'-bond and two annulated indanone moieties, possess unusually broadened and redshifted UV/Vis spectra because of their π-expanded chromophores. The parent free base indaphyrin has been crystallographically characterized, highlighting its strongly ruffled conformation incorporating a helimeric twist. It was shown to be susceptible to regiospecific derivatizations at the opposite side of the ring-cleaved pyrrole (dihydroxylation, followed by functional group transformations of the resulting diol functionality), generating indaphyrin-based chlorin analogues, indachlorins, that incorporate a dihydroxypyrroline, pyrrolindione, oxazolone, or a morpholine moiety. Structural modifications resulted in further broadening and hyper- and bathochromic shifts of the optical spectra, some of which possess a nearly panchromatic absorption between 300 to well above 900 nm. The extents to which these modifications affect their solid-state conformations were analyzed.
Study of the timing performance of micro-channel plate photomultiplier for use as an active layer in a shower maximum detector

We continue the study of micro-channel plate photomultiplier (MCP-PMT) as the active element of a shower maximum (SM) detector. We present test beam results obtained with Photek 240 and Photonis XP85011 MCP-PMTs devices. For proton beams, we obtained a time resolution of 9.6 ps, representing a significant improvement over past results using the same time of flight system. For electron beams, the time resolution obtained for this new type of SM detector is measured to be at the level of 13 ps when we use Photek 240 as the active element of the SM. Using the Photonis XP85011 MCP-PMT as the active element of the SM, we performed time resolution measurements with pixel readout, and achieved a TR better than 30 ps, The pixel readout was observed to improve upon the TR compared to the case where the individual channels were summed.
The demographics of speaker independent digit recognition

A database designed to provide a statistically significant model of the demographics of the continental US population is presented. Recognition performance on a simple digit recognition task is analyzed and shown to be most highly correlated with signal-to-noise ratio, dialect, and age. Several other demographic features, including sex, income level, education level, and market size, are found to have little correlation with recognition error rate. >
Preparation and Diels‐Alder Reaction of a Reactive, Electron‐Deficient Heterocyclic Azadiene: Dimethyl 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazine‐3,6‐Dicarboxylate. 1,2‐Diazine (Dimethyl 4‐Phenyl‐1,2‐Diazine‐3,6‐Dicarboxylate) and Pyrrole (Dimethyl 3‐Phenylpyrrole‐2,5‐Dicarboxylate) Introduction

Preparation and Diels-Alder reaction of a reactive, electron-deficient heterocyclic azadiene: dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate. 1,2-diazine (dimethyl 4-phenyl-1,2-diazine-3,6-dicarboxylate) and pyrrole (dimethyl 3-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylate) introduction intermediate: Disodium dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate intermediate: Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylic acid intermediate: Dimethyl dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate product: Dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate product: Dimethyl 4-phenyl-1,2-diazine-3,6-dicarboxylate product: Dimethyl 3-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylate byproduct: methyl 3-phenyl-5-carboxamidopyrrole-2-carboxylate Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[5]; annulation, heterocyclic-[6]; annulation, heterocyclic-[6]; cyclization, cycloaddition; Diels-Alder reactions; esterification, of dicarboxylic acids; oxidation, miscellaneous; reduction, miscellaneous; ring contraction reactions; methanol; nitrous gases, generation; zinc dust, activation; diazo compounds; dioxane, cancer suspect agent; nitrous gases, toxic; nitrous gases, toxic
Incorporation of Radioactive Amino Acids into the Proteins of Plant Tissue Homogenates.

It has been established (2, 12) that intact tissues of higher plants readily incorporate C14-labeled amino acids into their cellular proteins. In addition, evidence has been presented (11) that an isolated mitochondrial fraction from bean seedlings is capable of incorporating several amino acids. This incorporation into mitochondrial protein is of particular interest as it closely resembles the synthesis of simple peptides (14, 15, 16) in its dependence on the respiratory energy of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). The ability of such an isolated cellular fraction to incorporate amino acids makes a further study of cell-free systems of interest. The sole purpose of the present investigation has been to study in some detail the incorporation of amino acids into the proteins of cell-free extracts of higher plants. The present communication reports results on the nature of the incorporation process and on the partial purification and properties of a particulate system from pea seedlings that incorporates amino acids at relatively high rates.
Using probiotics to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis: Why have we not changed practice?

Abstract Very low birth weight preterm infants are at risk to develop multiple health co-morbities; one of the most devastating of which is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NEC is a life altering infection with increased morbidity and mortality. While the exact etiology of NEC remains unknown, several factors related to gut proliferation seems to be linked to this infection. A thorough review of the literature revealed that evidence does support the use of probiotics to prevent NEC. Although clinical research implies the use of probiotics, practice guidelines have yet to adopt this change. This article presents the evidence behind the justification for probiotics, and suggestions for future practice.
Bead-Based Electrochemical Immunoassay for Bacteriophage MS2

Viruses are one of four classes of biothreat agents, and bacteriophage MS2 has been used as a simulant for biothreat viruses, such as smallpox. A paramagnetic bead-based electrochemical immunoassay has been developed for detecting bacteriophage MS2. The immunoassay sandwich was made by attaching a biotinylated rabbit anti-MS2 IgG to a streptavidin-coated bead, capturing the virus, and then attaching a rabbit anti-MS2 IgG-beta-galactosidase conjugate to another site on the virus. beta-Galactosidase converts p-aminophenyl galactopyranoside (PAPG) to p-aminophenol (PAP). PAPG is electroinactive at the potential at which PAP is oxidized to p-quinone imine (PQI), so the current resulting from the oxidation of PAP to PQI is directly proportional to the concentration of antigen in the sample. The immunoassay was detected with rotating disk electrode (RDE) amperometry and an interdigitated array (IDA) electrode. With an applied potential of +290 mV vs Ag/AgCl and a rotation rate of 3000 rpm, the detection limit was 200 ng/mL MS2 or 3.2 x 10(10) viral particles/mL with RDE amperometry. A trench IDA electrode was incorporated into a poly(dimethyl siloxane) channel, within which beads were collected, incubated with PAPG, and PAP generation was detected. The two working electrodes were held at +290 and -300 mV vs Ag/AgCl, and electrochemical recycling of the PAP/PQI couple by the IDA electrode lowered the limit of detection to 90 ng/mL MS2, or 1.5 x 10(10) MS2 particles/mL.
On the selection of signals.

In a previous paper, it was argued that alertness, selectivity (set), and processing capacity (consciousness) could be identified and studied as separate components of attention. The current paper develops this theme by showing that alertness does not affect the buildup of information within the memory system but only the rate at which a later system responds to that information. Thus, in standard reaction-time tasks, increased alertness produces a reduction in reaction ’time but no decrease in errors. In contrast, providing a model of the signal the S is to process improved both speed and accuracy. The,. presence of a model of what the S is to process varies the vertex neural response to that specific signal as compared to a mismatching signal in the first 200–300 msec after its presentation. Three accounts of this effect are: speeded processing of a matching stimulus, habituation of the electrical response to a matching stimulus, and prolonged or enhanced processing of a mismatch. Evidence favors the first of these explanations, but the other two cannot be dismissed as possible contributors to this effect.
EGF and TGF-α stimulate retinal neuroepithelial cell proliferation in vitro

Peptide growth factors have been shown to have diverse effects on cells of the CNS, such as promoting neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth, and several other aspects of neuronal differentiation. In addition, some of these factors have been shown to be mitogenic for particular classes of glial cells within the brain and optic nerve, and recently two peptide growth factors, fibroblast growth factor and nerve growth factor, have been shown to have mitogenic activity on the CNS neuronal progenitors. We now report that two members of another peptide growth factor, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha, are mitogenic for retinal neuroepithelial cells in primary cultures and provide evidence for the presence of both of these factors in normal developing rat retina.
Genetic analysis workshop II: Summary

The second Genetic Analysis Workshop was held October 30, 1983, at the American society of Human Genetics meetings in Norfolk, Virginia. Ten groups of investigators analyzed three sets of pedigrees generated by computer simulation. A summary of the workshop is presented. In this overall description by the workshop organizers, the rationale for the choice of problems and the characteristics of the three data sets are discussed, and the ten analyses are briefly summarized and compared. Following this general summary are brief descriptions of the analyses of each group of workshop participants, in alphabetical order by senior author.
Geriatric trauma hospitalization in the United States: A population-based study

The objective of this study was to characterize elderly trauma hospitalizations nationwide. Elderly Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized in 1989, with trauma as a primary or secondary diagnosis, were studied cross-sectionally. Descriptive analyses and primary mortality rates among different levels of trauma center designation were provided. Estimated relative risks, chi-square tests of association, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. There were 577,193 geriatric trauma patients admitted to 5227 short-stay U.S. hospitals. Level one trauma centers constituted less than 4% of hospitals, but admitted 7.5% of patients, including disproportionate numbers of blacks, males, and patients with more severe primary injury diagnoses. Risk of inpatient death increased with age, male gender, black race, and severity of injury. Level one trauma center patients displayed a 1.49 greater risk for inpatient death even after controlling for confounding variables in a multivariate model. This population-based study provides a detailed national picture of the elderly trauma hospitalization experience, contrasting profiles and outcomes between hospitals with and without designated trauma centers. Although demonstrating higher inpatient mortality rates, Level one trauma centers admit a decidedly different patient population than other hospitals, which is disproportionately younger, black and male and includes the most severely injured geriatric patients. Additional confounding factors should be explored.
Mundle, broad, ducasse and the precognition problem

(1974). Mundle, broad, ducasse and the precognition problem. The Philosophy Forum: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 161-169.
Search for velocity variations in Fe XIV 5304 Å coronagraph observations near activity minimum

Abstract The LASCO C1 coronagraph on the SOHO satellite observes the solar corona from 1.1 to 3.0 R ⊙ , and contains a Fabry-Perot interferometer which can image the corona in the 1.8 million K Fe XIV green line. We designed an observing program with reduced spatial coverage and reduced profile coverage at only three wavelengths to study coronal heating in off-limb structures at high temporal resolution. We illustrate the observations from 31 March 1997 of a bright loop system above an active region off the northeast limb.
Susceptibility of a stop consonant to adaptation on a speech-nonspeech continuum: Further evidence against feature detectors in speech perception

The present experiment uses the perceptual adaptation paradigm to establish the validity of a previous test of the feature detector model of speech perception. In the present study, a synthetic stimulus series varied from a CV syllable, [ba], to a nonspeech buzz. When the endpoint tokens were employed alternatively as adaptors, the category boundary was shifted relative to unadapted identification in each adaptor condition. This result suggests that a prior test which used a vowel as the speech endpoint was legitimate because a stop consonant, an exemplary speech sound, was also susceptible to perceptual adaptation in a speech-nonspeech context. Feature detector models predict, incorrectly, that this outcome is impossible. Therefore, this finding may be taken to undermine the interpretation of adaptation as fatigue in a set of detectors tuned to detect the distinctive features of linguistic analysis.
Determining the Diurnal Variation of Surface Temperature in Mountainous Terrain.

Abstract The diurnal variation of surface temperature in mountainous terrain was modeled using the first two harmonics of the Fourier series. The temperature T at any time t is given by Each of the Fourier coefficients in this equation was considered a linear function of eight variables (X1, X2, ..., X8). The eight variables were 1) daily mean temperature=(maximum+minimum temperature)/2; 2) daily range of temperature=maximum−minimum temperature; 3) length of day=time of sunset−time of sunrise; 4) elevation of the station; 5) slope of the station; 6) u component of aspect of the station=sin (aspect); 7) v component of aspect of the station=cos(aspect); and 8) time of sunrise. The expanded equation contained 44 variables which were treated as 44 potential predictors in stepwise regression. The predictand was the surface temperature at each hour for 41 days (1 day week−1) during May-October 1975–76 at 10 remote stations in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California. Five predictors were selected for...
Psychological Abuse of Women: Six Distinct Clusters

This study was designed to identify patterns of psychological abuse (abuse) and determine whether different patterns mediate the effects of violence and sexual aggression. Interviews were completed with 578 (80.3%) of 720 women who volunteered for a study of “bad” or “stressful” heterosexual relationships. Cluster analysis with 51 items assessing many types of subtle and overt psychological abuse identified six groups. Cluster 1 sustained the most serious abuse, violence, and sexual aggression, but partners did not denigrate women or control finances. Cluster 2 sustained serious abuse which was more subtle than the dominating-controlling abuse discussed by others and had moderate violence and sexual aggression scores. Cluster 3 scored relatively low on abuse but reported controlling types (e.g., isolation, enforced secrecy) and relatively little violence and sexual aggression. Cluster 4 sustained the least abuse, violence, and sexual aggression but the abuse was overt (e.g., criticism, several types of control). Clusters 5 and 6 were similar with high abuse and moderate violence and sexual aggression scores but they experienced very different types of abuse. Total psychological abuse, threats of violence, acts of violence, and sexual aggression scores made different contributions to women's health, help seeking, and relationship perceptions depending on the pattern of abuse they sustained. Results for each type of harmful act are discussed separately.
Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: A focused review

Anxiety and stress disorders are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. In recent years, multiple studies have examined brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology in an effort to better understand the mechanisms involved and to develop more effective treatments. However, much remains unknown regarding the specific abnormalities and interactions between networks of regions underlying anxiety disorder presentations. We examined recent neuroimaging literature that aims to identify neural mechanisms underlying anxiety, searching for patterns of neural dysfunction that might be specific to different anxiety disorder categories. Across different anxiety and stress disorders, patterns of hyperactivation in emotion-generating regions and hypoactivation in prefrontal/regulatory regions are common in the literature. Interestingly, evidence of differential patterns is also emerging, such that within a spectrum of disorders ranging from more fear-based to more anxiety-based, greater involvement of emotion-generating regions is reported in panic disorder and specific phobia, and greater involvement of prefrontal regions is reported in generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. We summarize the pertinent literature and suggest areas for continued investigation.
ASIC implementations of five SHA-3 finalists

Throughout the NIST SHA-3 competition, in relative order of importance, NIST considered the security, cost, and algorithm and implementation characteristics of a candidate [1]. Within the limited one-year security evaluation period for the five SHA-3 finalists, the cost and performance evaluation may put more weight in the selection of winner. This work contributes to the SHA-3 hardware evaluation by providing timely cost and performance results on the first SHA-3 ASIC in 0.13 µm IBM process using standard cell CMOS technology with measurements of all the five finalists using the latest Round 3 tweaks. This article describes the SHA-3 ASIC design from VLSI architecture implementation to the silicon realization.
Some observations on the effect of gamma irradiation on the biochemistry of rabbit bone marrow

Abstract 1. 1. Exposure of one leg of rabbits to 310 or 620 r. from a γ-ray source (cobalt-60) produced a marked decrease in the concentration of ribo- and desoxyribonucleic acids in the exposed marrow in comparison with the control leg. 2. 2. The degree to which these changes occurred could be minimized by pretreatment of the rabbit with phenylhydrazine. 3. 3. Separation of the marrow into its subcellular components revealed that although the total number of nuclei was decreased by radiation, the concentration of DNA per nucleus was unaltered. 4. 4. Little of the decrease in RNA occurred in the nucleus; per unit nitrogen, the mitochondria, particles, and supernatant showed progressively greater diminution of RNA phosphorus. 5. 5. These results could be best explained on the basis of a relatively selective elimination of cell types having high concentrations of cytoplasmic RNA, with a relative increase of cell types containing small amounts of RNA remaining after irradiation.
Equine interferon: absence in equine infectious anemia and kinetics of induction in equine cells.

The role of interferon in the pathogenesis of persistent or chronic viral diseases has not been elucidated. However, interferon or inducers of interferon may have a marked effect on the course of certain chronic viral diseases [1-3]. Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral disease of horses that may take an inapparent, acute, subacute, or chronic course in the affected host [4]. Chronically infected horses suffer from recurrent attacks of fever that are accompanied by severe anemia. After the infection has been established, infected horses may carry the virus for the rest of their lives; in 1 case, virus could be demonstrated in the blood for 18 years after infection [5]. The present study was initiated to determine if interferon was produced by horses infected with EIA virus and to measure the capacity of equine cells both in vitro and in vivo to respond to known inducers of interferon as well as to EIA virus. The characteristics of equine interferon are described elsewhere [6].
Fully Functionalized Photorefractive Polymer with Infrared Sensitivity Based on Novel Chromophores

This paper describes the synthesis and physical study of several new photorefractive (PR) polymers, which are composed of a new type of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore attached onto conjugated poly(p-phenylene-thiophene)s. Since the NLO chromophore is labile in many reaction conditions, the Stille coupling reaction was used to prepare these polymers. The resulting polymers exhibit high PR performances. An optical gain coefficient of 158 cm -1 at a field of 50 V/μm and a diffraction efficiency of 68% at a field of 46 V/μm for polymer P1 were obtained, which are among the best values for fully functionalized PR polymers to date.