cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classifying β-Barrel Assembly Substrates by Manipulating Essential Bam Complex Members.

ABSTRACT The biogenesis of the outer membrane (OM) of Escherichia coli is a conserved and vital process. The assembly of integral β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which represent a major component of the OM, depends on periplasmic chaperones and the heteropentameric β-barrel assembly machine (Bam complex) in the OM. However, not all OMPs are affected by null mutations in the same chaperones or nonessential Bam complex members, suggesting there are categories of substrates with divergent requirements for efficient assembly. We have previously demonstrated two classes of substrates, one comprising large, low-abundance, and difficult-to-assemble substrates that are heavily dependent on SurA and also Skp and FkpA, and the other comprising relatively simple and abundant substrates that are not as dependent on SurA but are strongly dependent on BamB for assembly. Here, we describe novel mutations in bamD that lower levels of BamD 10-fold and >25-fold without altering the sequence of the mature protein. We utilized these mutations, as well as a previously characterized mutation that lowers wild-type BamA levels, to reveal a third class of substrates. These mutations preferentially cause a marked decrease in the levels of multimeric proteins. This susceptibility of multimers to lowered quantities of Bam machines in the cell may indicate that multiple Bam complexes are needed to efficiently assemble multimeric proteins into the OM. IMPORTANCE The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, serves as a selective permeability barrier that prevents the uptake of toxic molecules and antibiotics. Integral β-barrel proteins (OMPs) are assembled by the β-barrel assembly machine (Bam), components of which are conserved in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and all Gram-negative bacteria, including many clinically relevant pathogenic species. Bam is essential for OM biogenesis and accommodates a diverse array of client proteins; however, a mechanistic model that accounts for the selectivity and broad substrate range of Bam is lacking. Here, we show that the assembly of multimeric OMPs is more strongly affected than that of monomeric OMPs when essential Bam complex components are limiting, suggesting that multiple Bam complexes are needed to assemble multimeric proteins.
Buy Local? Organizational Identity in the Localism Movement:

Localism is a social movement often associated with “buy local” food initiatives or the prevention of big-box retail expansion. At its core, however, localism is also about fostering local independence by encouraging businesses to opt for local alternatives when making purchasing decisions. In this article, we develop and test hypotheses that organizations with stronger community-oriented identities are more likely to source locally and that this relationship is moderated by the importance of the focal firm’s purchasing decisions. Results support the strong influence of identity but the conditional effect is unconfirmed.
How to Follow Patients with Resected Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a mucin-producing cystic lesion of the main pancreatic ducts and its branches. IPMNs were first uniquely described in the literature by Ohashi in 1982, who wrote of patients with pancreatic intraductal neoplasms with cystically dilated ducts containing large amounts of mucin [1]. However, it was not until 1996 that the World Health Organization (WHO) created separate diagnostic criteria to distinguish IPMNs from other cystic lesions of the pancreas [2]. Since that time, increasing focus has been shed on these lesions as precursors to pancreatic adenocarcinomas and, therefore, as a focus for early detection. Recent studies have shown that the risk of recurrence of IPMNs, even benign, is not insignificant. While criteria have been established for the surveillance and resection of IPMNs, very little is known about how to best follow patients who have undergone resection of an IPMN. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the risk of malignancy and recurrence for IPMNs is needed for clinicians to properly follow these patients after surgical resection.
Myth Or Truth: The Apollonian And Dionysian In The Death Of Ivan Ilyich

In The Birth of Tragedy, Friedrich Nietzsche uses Classical Greek tragedies to break down the human experience into two dichotomic cultures: the Apollinian and the Dionysian. The Apollinian culture represents humanity’s tendency toward order, pattern, and rationalism, while the Dionysian culture represents humanity’s simultaneous urge toward chaos and emotional intuition. Whereas Classical Greece allowed for both to coexist and augment one another through Greek Tragedies, Western thinking and culture allows for no such fruition; instead, Western society heavily emphasizes the Apollinian over the necessity or acknowledgement of the Dionysian. In The Death of Ivan Illyich, Leo Tolstoy takes this cultural practice a step further, giving readers a glimpse into a society that denies the Dionysian entirely. Through the demoralizing decline and eventual death of Ivan Illyich, Tolstoy suggests that rejecting the Dionysian not only obstructs society’s true understanding of human nature, but makes it wholly unprepared to handle humanity’s most essential truth: its mortality.
Rural congestive heart failure mortality among US elderly, 1999-2013: Identifying counties with promising outcomes and opportunities for implementation research

Objective Describe modern trends in congestive heart failure (CHF) among elderly (>65 years of age) in the United States, to identify potentially successful rural areas. Compare CHF mortality using multiple- (MCOD) versus underlying-(UCOD) cause of death data. Methods U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mortality files (WONDER internet site). Results Using MCOD data, overall mortality rates/100,000 population (and 95% confidence intervals) for CHF among persons >65 years of age (1999–2013) were 482.0 (481.2–482.8) for large central and large fringe metropolitan (LCLF) counties, 549.6 (548.6–550.7) in small and medium metropolitan (SM) counties, and 652.6 (650.9–654.0) in micropolitan and non-core, non-metropolitan (MNCNM) counties. Twenty positive deviance NCNM counties (collectively including 198,581 residents >65 years of age) had an overall CHF rate of 300.9 (275.0–326.9) in 2013. This was significantly lower than the LCLF rate for 2013 (482.0 [481.2–482.8]), and represented a reduction of 47% since 1999. Overall CHF occurrence as estimated with MCOD was 3.4-fold higher than that obtained with UCOD. Conclusion These data illustrate underestimation of CHF by UCOD data and the importance of correct death certification. Rural CHF mortality rates are higher than urban rates, but some positive deviance counties demonstrate that this is not inevitable. Further research is needed to understand the relative contribution of research innovation, medical care, and public health to rural-urban disparities and the relative success of positive deviance counties.
The interaction of electron donors and acceptors

This paper reviews some aspects of the theory of the interaction of electron donors and acceptors, with particular reference to 1 : 1 interactions in solution, and also seeks to clarify and broaden some current viewpoints and applications of the theory. The classification of donors and acceptors, and the characteristics of various types of donor-acceptor interaction pairs (including ion-pairs, H-bonded complexes, 2-way charge-transfer complexes, reaction intermediates, contact pairs, intramolecular π island interactions, etc.) are first discussed. Two sections are then devoted to the halogen complexes of n donors and of π donors. It is shown that the n donor complexes conform well to predictions of the general theory, the main point of fresh emphasis (whose importance is indicated by Hassel’s work on the geometry of solid complexes) being that some account must be taken of the participation of more than one dative resonance structure in stabilizing the normal state of most complexes. Interesting questions remain concerning the structure and charge-transfer spectra of complexes of the classical benzene-iodine type ; probable answers are discussed. The last section deals, for the interaction of neutral-molecule even-electron donors and acceptors, with potential surfaces for the normal and charge-transfer excited states in each of three limiting cases (W1 > W0 , W1 ≈ W0 , and W1 , where W1 and W0 are the energies of the pure dative and pure no-bond structures respectively), and in each case for the two subcases of strong and weak interaction; the discussion in the third case is applicable also to compounds like NaCl, CH3 NO3 , (CH3 )3 CCl, etc. Photochemistry of contact pairs, the ionogenic effects of polar environments, and electron transfer between low-ionization-potential donors and high-electron-affinity acceptors (with possible relevance to biological systems and semi-conducting solid complexes) are briefly discussed. In discussing H-bonded complexes, new reasons favoring the importance of charge-transfer as against classical electrostatic forces are given (Sec. II).
Revealing protein networks and gene-drug connectivity in cancer from direct information

The connection between genetic variation and drug response has long been explored to facilitate the optimization and personalization of cancer therapy. Crucial to the identification of drug response related genetic features is the ability to separate indirect correlations from direct correlations across abundant datasets with large number of variables. Here we analyzed proteomic and pharmacogenomic data in cancer tissues and cell lines using a global statistical model connecting protein pairs, genes and anti-cancer drugs. We estimated this model using direct coupling analysis (DCA), a powerful statistical inference method that has been successfully applied to protein sequence data to extract evolutionary signals that provide insights on protein structure, folding and interactions. We used Direct Information (DI) as a metric of connectivity between proteins as well as gene-drug pairs. We were able to infer important interactions observed in cancer-related pathways from proteomic data and predict potential connectivities in cancer networks. We also identified known and potential connections for anti-cancer drugs and gene mutations using DI in pharmacogenomic data. Our findings suggest that gene-drug connections predicted with direct couplings can be used as a reliable guide to cancer therapy and expand our understanding of the effects of gene alterations on drug efficacies.
Fuzzy analysis of process models

Abstract Most of the process modeling methodologies are based on informal notation, lacking mathematical rigor, and are static and qualitative, thus making it difficult to use them as analysis tools. In this paper, an analysis approach for process models based on fuzzy Signed Directed Graphs (SDGs) is presented. A qualitative process model is constructed using fuzzy SDGs. A membership function quantifies and transforms incomplete and ambiguous information of process variables into a qualitative model. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated with an industrial example. The architecture of an intelligent system for qualitative/quantitative analysis of process models is also presented.
Improving Maternal Representations in High-Risk Mothers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Mom Power Parenting Intervention.

A key mechanism of risk transmission between maternal risk and child outcomes are the mother’s representations. The current study examined the effects of an attachment-based, trauma-informed parenting intervention, the Mom Power (MP) program, in optimizing maternal representations of high-risk mothers utilizing a randomized, controlled trial design (NCT01554215). High-risk mothers were recruited from low-income community locations and randomized to either the MP Intervention (n = 42) or a control condition (n = 33) in a parallel design. Maternal representations were assessed before and after the intervention using the Working Model of the Child Interview. The proportion of women with balanced (secure) representations increased in the MP group but not in the control group. Parenting Reflectivity for mothers in the treatment group significantly increased, with no change in the control condition. Participation in the MP program was associated with improvements in a key indicator of the security of the parent–child relationship: mothers’ representations of their children.
SWIMMING AND OTHER ACTIVITIES | Applied Aspects of Fish Swimming Performance

Human activities such as hydropower development, water withdrawals, and commercial fisheries often put fish species at risk. Engineered solutions designed to protect species or their life stages are frequently based on assumptions about swimming performance and behaviors. In many cases, however, the appropriate data to support these designs are either unavailable or misapplied. This article provides an overview of the state of knowledge of fish swimming performance – where the data come from and how they are applied – identifying both gaps in knowledge and common errors in application, with guidance on how to avoid repeating mistakes, as well as suggestions for further study.
Modeling the Nuclear Air-Brayton Recuperated Cycle

The Nuclear Air-Brayton Recuperated Cycle (NARC) has some unique advantages. Its biggest advantage is that the simple recuperated cycle is not tied to a water source. The NARC power plant is not tied to a seacoast or river valley. Currently the largest power station in the United States, Palo Verde is restrained from expanding, not for any safety reason, but for lack of additional freshwater to dump its waste heat. In the recuperated cycle, a heat exchanger is placed in the exhaust from the last turbine, and instead of transferring heat to water as a working fluid, it transfers its heat to the air exiting the compressor to preheat it before it enters the first sodium-, or molten salt-, to-air heat exchanger. It is possible to split the compressor and add an intercooler to improve the efficiency of the recuperated cycle. This allows more heat to be extracted from the exhaust stream with the recuperator. However, only if the intercooler uses water to cool the air from the first compressor is the efficiency of the cycle improved. The amount of water required is significantly less than in a traditional waste heat removal system. Both of these systems will be analyzed as well as adding a recuperator to the NACC system after the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. As in the previous chapter, a near-term option based on a 510 °C turbine inlet temperature will be considered, as well as an advanced system with a 660 °C turbine inlet temperature.
Zinc and Magnesium Catalysts for the Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide.

The terminal zinc and magnesium hydride compounds, [κ3-TismPriBenz]ZnH and [TismPriBenz]MgH, which feature the tris[(1-isopropylbenzimidazol-2-yl)dimethylsilyl]methyl ligand, react with B(C6F5)3 to afford the ion pairs, {[TismPriBenz]M}[HB(C6F5)3] (M = Zn, Mg), which are rare examples of these metals in trigonal monopyramidal coordination environments. Significantly, in combination with B(C6F5)3, {[TismPriBenz]M}-[HB(C6F5)3] generates catalytic systems for the hydrosilylation of CO2 by R3SiH to afford sequentially the bis(silyl)acetal, H2C(OSiR3)2, and CH4 (R3SiH = PhSiH3, Et3SiH, and Ph3SiH). In contrast to many other catalysts for these transformations, both the zinc and magnesium catalytic systems are active at room temperature, and the latter provides the first example of catalytic hydrosilylation of CO2 involving a magnesium compound. Also of note, the selectivity of the catalytic systems may be controlled by the nature of the silane, with PhSiH3 favoring CH4, and Ph3SiH favoring the bis(silyl)acetal, H2C(OSiPh3)2.
Outcomes Following Low-Profile Mesh Plate Osteosynthesis of Patella Fractures.

Treatment of patella fractures is fraught with complications and historically poor functional outcomes. A fixation method that allows for early mobilization and decreases symptomatic hardware rates will improve knee range of motion, postoperative functional status, and reoperation rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes after locked plate osteosynthesis of patella fractures at a Level 1 trauma center. A retrospective case series was conducted of patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of a patella fracture using a locked mesh plating technique coupled with neutralization of forces on the distal pole of the patella. Twelve patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 19 months (range, 6–30) with physical exam, functional outcomes, and radiographs. There were 9 women and 3 men with an average age of 66.1 years (range, 53–75). Radiographic bony union was achieved in all patients by 3-month follow-up. Visual Analog Pain Score averaged 1.7 (median, 1.0; range, 0–8), the mean Knee Outcome Score – Activities of Daily Living Scale was 83.9 (median, 92.1; range, 45.7–100.0), the mean Short Form Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) Function Index was 9.9 (median, 3.7; range, 0.7–41.2), and the mean SMFA Bother Index was 11.1 (median, 3.1; range, 0–62.5). The SF-36 Physical Component Score mean was 48.4 ± 8.5 and the SF-36 Mental Component Score mean was 54.1 ± 9.6. No complications developed and there were no reoperations for nonunion, infection, or symptomatic hardware. This study demonstrates that locked plate osteosynthesis for operative patella fractures can reliably achieve bony union with potentially superior functional outcomes as compared with traditional methods. Further studies are needed to evaluate plate fixation for patella fractures, but early results are promising.
Hip dislocations and concurrent injuries in motor vehicle collisions.

Abstract Introduction Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC) can cause high energy hip dislocations associated with serious injury profiles impacting triage. Changes in safety and regulation of restraint devices have likely lowered serious injuries from what was previously reported in the 1990s. This study aims to describe modern-day injury profile of patients with traumatic hip dislocations, with special attention to aortic injury. Methods Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained trauma database at an urban level 1 trauma center was conducted. Patients with hip dislocation following MVC between January 2005 and December 2015 were grouped based on seatbelt use and airbag deployment. Patients with unknown restraint use were excluded. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk of injury profile between groups. Results Of 204 patients with hip dislocation after MVC, nearly 57% were unrestrained. Seatbelt alone was used in 36 (17.7%), airbag deployed in 14 (6.9%), and 38 (18.6%) with both. Gender and number of injuries were similar between groups. The most common concomitant injury was acetabular fracture (53.92%) and the abdominopelvic region was the most injured. Use of a seatbelt with airbag deployment was protective of concomitant pelvic ring injury (OR = 0.22). Airbag deployment was significantly protective of lumbar fracture (OR = 0.15) while increasing the likelihood of radial and ulnar fracture or dislocation (OR = 3.27), acetabular fracture (OR = 5.19), and abdominopelvic injury (OR = 5.07). The no restraint group had one patient (0.80%) with an intimal tear of the thoracic aorta identified on CT chest that was successfully medically managed. Discussion and conclusion Hip dislocations are high energy injuries with severe associated injuries despite upgrades in restraint devices. These patients require careful examination and heightened awareness when evaluating for concomitant injuries.
Generating dialectical examples automatically

We identify and illustrate five important kinds of Dialectical Examples, standard configurations of cases which enable an arguer to justify rhetorical assertions effectively by example. Our computer program generates Argument Contexts, collections of cases that instantiate Dialectical Examples from an on-line database of cases according to a user's general specifications. The Argument Context generation program provides a human or automated tutor a stock of Dialectical Examples to teach novice advocates (first year law students) how to recognize, carry out and respond to the associated rhetorical moves. Although generating such examples is very hard for humans even when dealing with small numbers of cases, our program generates and organizes such examples quickly and effectively. In a preliminary experiment, we employed program-generated Argument Contexts manually to teach basic argument skills to first year law students with good results. Our ability to define such complex examples declaratively in terms of logical expressions of Loom concepts and relations affords a number of advantages over previous work.
Fetal monitoring and anaesthesia for fetal distress.

Fetal monitoring Should all parturients have continuous electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during labour? Large prospective, randomized studies suggest that there is little or no benefit to the universal use of continuous, electronic FHR monitoring during labour. 1-9 Further, some studies suggest that electronic FHR monitoring results in an increased incidence of Caesarean section. 1,3,4,7 Guidelines for Perinatal Care, third edition, l0 includes the following statement regarding FHR monitoring for high-risk patients: "It has been shown that with a 1:1 nurse/patient ratio, intermittent auscultation at intervals of 15 minutes during the active phase of the first stage of labor and 5 minutes during the second stage is equivalent to continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring." It is unlikely, however, that many obstetricians in the United States will abandon the use of universal, continuous electronic FHR monitoring. Few labour and delivery units in the United States can consistently satisfy the nursing standards required for rigorous, intermittent auscultation of the FHR. Further, the fear of litigation prompts many obstetricians to use electronic FHR monitoring in their patients. Most of the aforementioned studies were performed in hospitals with infrequent utilization of epidural anaesthesia during labour. Thus, these studies may not be applicable for women receiving regional anaesthesia during labour. Neither the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) nor the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has issued specific guidelines regarding FHR monitoring in patients receiving regional anaesthesia. The ASA It has stated: "Regional anesthesia for labor and/or vaginal delivery requires that the parturient's vital signs and the fetal heart rate be monitored and documented by a qualified individual. Additional monitoring appropriate to the clinical condition of the parturient and the fetus should be employed when indicated." The ACOG 12 has stated: "When maternal hemodynamics are changing, such as with maternal hypotension from conduction anesthesia or maternal hemorrhage, increased fetal surveillance may be indicated." (Of course, one cannot predict which patients will experience hypotension during regional anaesthesia.) I prefer that my patients have continuous electronic FHR monitoring before, during, and after induction of epidural anaesthesia during labour.
An Active-set Algorithm for Discrete Network Design Problems

In this paper, we formulate a discrete network design problem as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints and propose an active set algorithm to solve the problem. Each complementarity constraint requires the product of a pair of nonnegative variables to be zero. Instead of dealing with this type of constraints directly, the proposed algorithm assigns one of the nonnegative variables in each pair a value of zero. Doing so reduces the design problem to a regular nonlinear program. Using the multipliers associated with the constraints forcing nonnegative variables to be zero, the algorithm then constructs and solves binary knapsack problems to make changes to the zero-value assignments in order to improve the system delay. Numerical experiments with data from networks in the literature indicate that the algorithm is effective and has the potential for solving larger network design problems.
An Evaluation of Dynamic Lip-Tooth Characteristics During Speech and Smile in Adolescents

This retrospective study was conducted to measure lip-tooth characteristics of adolescents. Pretreatment video clips of 1242 consecutive patients were screened for Class-I skeletal and dental patterns. After all inclusion criteria were applied, the final sample consisted of 50 patients (27 boys, 23 girls) with a mean age of 12.5 years. The raw digital video stream of each patient was edited to select a single image frame representing the patient saying the syllable "chee" and a second single image representing the patient's posed social smile and saved as part of a 12-frame image sequence. Each animation image was analyzed using a SmileMesh computer application to measure the smile index (the ratio of the intercommissure width divided by the interlabial gap), intercommissure width (mm), interlabial gap (mm), percent incisor below the intercommissure line, and maximum incisor exposure (mm). The data were analyzed using SAS (version 8.1). All recorded differences in linear measures had to be > or = 2 mm. The results suggest that anterior tooth display at speech and smile should be recorded independently but evaluated as part of a dynamic range. Asking patients to say "cheese" and then smile is no longer a valid method to elicit the parameters of anterior tooth display. When planning the vertical positions of incisors during orthodontic treatment, the orthodontist should view the dynamics of anterior tooth display as a continuum delineated by the time points of rest, speech, posed social smile, and a Duchenne smile.
Superatoms: From Motifs to Materials

Abstract Cluster assemblies provide an avenue towards building materials with a wide variety of tuneable properties. The properties of clusters can be altered by changing the number of atoms, by replacing an atom with a different element, and by assembling them into different architectures. The reactivity, magnetic properties, electronic structure and optical properties of clusters can change strikingly by adding or removing even a single atom. The characterization and cataloguing all of the potential properties is a daunting task, and the organization of the enormous numbers and varieties of clusters into a useful framework would clarify and instruct potential cluster assemblies and properties. A simple and elegant framework in which clusters may be organized is by characterizing those whose properties and reactivity may be approximated by those of an atom and which behave like a superatom. This terminology is not meant to minimize the unique character and properties of clusters, but rather to manage them in a reasonable frame in which the general properties of the cluster may be predicted.
Growth Hormone Evaluation and Treatment in Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is characterized by infantile hypotonia, obesity, hypogonadism, mental deficiency, short stature, characteristic facial features, small hands and feet, and an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15(q11–13) in about one–half of the patients. Short stature and delayed skeletal maturation occur in 90% of children with PWS. The basis for the short stature, however, remains uncertain. Pituitary evaluation of growth hormone (GH) deficiency by pharmacological tests have varied from normal to impaired in PWS children (Bray et al, 1983; Lee et al, 1982).
From the Agency Line to the Picket Line: Neoliberal Ideals, Sexual Realities, and Arguments about Abortion in the U.S.

Bay-Cheng’s (2015) paper on the Agency Line provides a much-needed articulation of how neoliberal ideals are used in the U.S. to evaluate young women’s sexuality. Our commentary extends her important work in two specific ways. First, we describe the Agency Line as it relates to the concept of hegemonic masculinity. Although young women in the U.S. are not afforded the same entitlement to sexual desire or behavioral freedom as young men, we suggest that the Agency Line is used to evaluate women’s sexuality against traditional masculine norms. Second, we explore how neoliberal ideals are used to blame women for failing to control their reproductive functioning. Arguments about access to abortion in the U.S. reveal investments in neoliberalism, although different groups apply these ideals in different ways. Those who oppose access to abortion erase, minimize, or vilify pregnant women in ways that converge with neoliberal judgments of “out of control” sexual activity. Those who support abortion rights describe their position as supporting a woman’s autonomy and control over her body and pregnancy status in accord with neoliberal values of rational choice, freedom, and self-determination. On both sides of the picket line, a focus on neoliberal ideals obscures social, economic, and relational factors that influence women’s reproductive realties. By applying the Agency Line to feminist concepts and U.S. reproductive politics, we provide additional support for Bay-Cheng’s (2015) argument about the impact of neoliberal ideals on young women’s lives.
Pretreatment with serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists produces no observable blockade of long-term motor sensitization to cocaine in rats.

Abstract Rationale. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are proposed to serve as potential anti-addictive and anti-psychotic therapies. Objective. The present study re-examined the hypothesis that the activation of 5-HT3 receptors is required for the development of long-term motor sensitization to repeated cocaine (COC). Methods. Rats were pretreated with vehicle (VEH) or one of three 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, MDL 72222, Y-25130 or ondansetron, 30 min prior to seven daily COC or saline (SAL) injections. Three weeks later, animals were challenged with COC in a test for sensitization. For comparison, the effects of pretreatment with the dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist fluphenazine and a combination of fluphenazine and Y-25130 were assessed. Results. Pretreatment with ondansetron, Y-25130, fluphenazine and their combination significantly attenuated COC-induced behaviors during repeated treatment but not on the test for sensitization. MDL 72222 pretreatment enhanced motor sensitization on the test day. In repeated SAL rats, pretreatment with ondansetron, Y-25130 and fluphenazine+Y-25130 enhanced COC-induced rearing on the test for sensitization. Conclusions. These data indicate the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on both acute COC-induced motor behavior and COC-induced motor sensitization are compound-selective. As none of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists attenuated the magnitude of the sensitized motor response to COC in the long term, these data also indicate that like DA receptor activation, 5-HT3 receptor activation is necessary for the full expression of acute COC-induced motor hyperactivity, but it is not required for the development of long-term motor sensitization.
Explainability scenarios: towards scenario-based XAI design

Integral to the adoption and uptake of AI systems in real-world settings is the ability for people to make sense of and evaluate such systems, a growing area of development and design efforts known as XAI (Explainable AI). Recent work has advanced the state of the art, yet a key challenge remains in understanding unique requirements that might arise when XAI systems are deployed into complex settings of use. In helping envision such requirements, this paper turns to scenario-based design, a method that anticipates and leverages scenarios of possible use early on in system development. To demonstrate the value of the scenario-based design method to XAI design, this paper presents a case study of aging-in-place monitoring. Introducing the concept of "explainability scenarios" as resources in XAI design, this paper sets out a forward-facing agenda for further attention to the emergent requirements of explainability-in-use.
Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels

T regulatory (Treg) cells maintain immunological tolerance and organ homeostasis. Activated Treg cells differentiate into effector Treg subsets that acquire tissue-specific functions. Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by STIM and ORAI proteins is required for the thymic development of Treg cells, but its function in mature Treg cells remains unclear. Here we show that deletion of Stim1 and Stim2 genes in mature Treg cells abolishes Ca2+ signaling and prevents their differentiation into follicular Treg and tissue-resident Treg cells. Transcriptional profiling of STIM1/STIM2-deficient Treg cells reveals that Ca2+ signaling regulates transcription factors and signaling pathways that control the identity and effector differentiation of Treg cells. In the absence of STIM1/STIM2 in Treg cells, mice develop a broad spectrum of autoantibodies and fatal multiorgan inflammation. Our findings establish a critical role of CRAC channels in controlling lineage identity and effector functions of Treg cells. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important for maintaining immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that STIM1 and STIM2, which activate the Ca2+ channel ORAI1, are essential for the differentiation of peripheral Treg cells into tissue-resident and follicular Treg cells and their ability to limit autoimmunity in mice.
Bacterial Mutants Resistant to Uncouplers

Evidence from many laboratories over the last twenty years has firmly established the central role of proton translocation in energy transduction. The tenets of Peter Mitchell’slchemiosmotic theory are now almost universally accepted. The energization of solute transport, flagellar motion and oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria have been explained in chemiosmotic terms. The first requisite of the chemiosmotic theory is that the cell membrane must not be highly permeable to protons. Such relative impermeability permits the establishment of a protonmotive force due to the unequal distribution of protons on either side of the membrane. It is the tendency of protons to flow down their electrochemical gradient through specialized channels, such as the F0 of BF1F0 ATPase or proton-solute symporters, that drives ATP syn-thesis or solute uptake. Among the substantial evidence that proton translocation is essential to energy transduction is the effect of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation on membrane proton permeability.2,3 Acting as weak acids, classic uncouplers such as dinitrophenol and carbonylcyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) have been shown to dissipate the protonmotive force by permeabilizing membranes to protons. On the other hand, there have also been reports of uncoupler-binding entities within energy transducing membranes. 4–6
Effect of Diet and Lifestyle on Obesity and Bone Mineral Density Among Women

The study objective was to analyze the dietary intake and lifestyle pattern among obese and non‐obese women and to examine the effects of dietary intakes and lifestyle pattern on bone mineral density (BMD) and obesity. The study was based on the sample of 29 women (15 non‐obese and 14 obese/overweight), 20 to 60 years of age. The dietary intakes were measured by 24‐hour dietary recalls, and lifestyle pattern was assessed through the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ). Body weight and height of study participants were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to total body bone mineral density (BMID), lumbar spine BMD (L1 to L4), and dual femur BMD, as well as percent body fat. The non‐obese group had a BMI between 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, while the obese/overweight group had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P 0.05). Average energy intake was 1864 ± 717 kilocalories (kcal) for the non‐obese women, and was 2080 ± 775 kcal for the obese/overweight women (P = 0.44) . Similarly daily intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins (A, B12, D, E, K), and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium) were similar between the non‐obese and obese/overweight groups (P > 0.05). Dietary intake could not explain the difference in BMI between groups. Both groups had dietary intakes as per the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), except for vitamin D and potassium; both groups consumed about 30% to 50% less than the RDA. The obese/overweight group had a higher mean BMD of 1.26 ± 0.12 g/cm2 compared to the non‐obese group (BMD = 1.15 ± 0.08 g/cm2) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the obese/overweight group had a higher dual femur BMD (1.12 ± 0.12 g/cm2) and percent body fat (42.16 ± 6.17%) compared to the non‐obese group (0.94 ± 0.27 g/cm2 and 29.18 ± 6.29%, respectively). There was no significant difference in lifestyle pattern between the non‐obese and the obese/overweight groups. The lifestyle components did correlate with BMD or BMI. There was no significant correlation found between total energy intake and BMD in the non‐obese group. In addition, there was no correlation between age and BMD in the non‐obese and obese/overweight groups. This study found that the obese group had a higher BMD than the non‐obese group. In addition, BMD was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with BMI and vitamin K intake in the obese/overweight group, but not in the nonobese group. Therefore, BMI and vitamin K intake might be protective factors for bone health among obese/overweight women.
Genetic testing to resolve the source of haemolytic antibody in solid organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated haemolysis due to passenger lymphocyte syndrome arising in the setting of solid organ transplant can be devastating. Some degree of passenger lymphocyte syndrome is said to occur in up to 10% of ABO mismatched renal transplants, 40% of ABO mismatched liver transplants, and 70% of ABO mismatched heart-lung transplants; a reflection of the number of memory B cells transplanted with the organ. Passenger lymphocyte syndrome is less common with minor red cell antigens but can still be severe. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review a series of patients who developed passenger lymphocyte syndrome after solid organ transplantation. Conventional serological testing was performed using tube and solid-phase testing. Molecular testing was performed using a gene-chip array. RESULTS In patients receiving a minor antigen mismatched organ transplant and multiple allogenic red cell transfusions, serological methods proved insufficient to resolve the source of minor blood group antibodies that arose in the aftermath of the transplant. Genetic testing was able to clearly resolve donor and recipient types. DISCUSSION Passenger lymphocyte syndrome after mismatched organ transplantation is not rare, but the syndrome associated with non-ABO antibodies occurs in a much smaller subset of these cases. The mixtures of organ donor, recipient, and other transfused red blood cells profoundly limit the usefulness of serological testing. Genetic assignment of minor blood types to donor and recipient can guide therapy and inform prognosis.
Moving Toward Inclusion: Participant Responses to the Inclusive SciComm Symposium

This study shares key findings from evaluation research for Inclusive SciComm: A Symposium on Advancing Inclusive Public Engagement with Science. The symposium, organized by the University of Rhode Island’s Metcalf Institute for Marine & Environmental Reporting with support from partner organizations, took place on September 28-29, 2018 at the University of Rhode Island. Pre- and post-symposium surveys showed that after attending the symposium, participants reported higher levels of knowledge about and confidence in implementing inclusive approaches to science communication. Participants also exhibited three types of response orientations: emotion, knowledge, and action.
Inverse changes in raphe and cortical 5-HT 1B receptor availability after acute tryptophan depletion in healthy human subjects.

Serotonergic neurotransmission plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of various neuropsychiatric diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in serotonergic neurotransmission after acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11 C]P943, a 5-HT1B receptor radioligand previously shown to be sensitive to changes in 5-HT. Five healthy subjects were scanned on a high resolution PET scanner twice on the same day, before and approximately 5 hours after ingesting capsules containing an amino acid mixture that lacks tryptophan. For each scan, emission data were acquired for 120 min after intravenous bolus injection of [11 C]P943. Binding potential (BPND ) values were estimated from parametric images using the second version of the multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM2, t* = 20 min) with cerebellar grey matter used as a reference region. The change in [11 C]P943 binding (ΔBPND , %) was calculated as (BPND,post - BPND,pre )/(BPND,pre ) × 100, and correlation analysis was performed to measure linear associations of ΔBPND between raphe and other regions of interest (ROIs). ΔBPND ranged from -6% to 45% in the raphe, with positive values indicating reduced competition from 5-HT. In cortical regions, ΔBPND ranged from -28% to 7%. While these changes did not reach significance, there were significant negative correlations of ΔBPND of the raphe with those of cerebral cortical regions and the thalamus (e.g., r = -.96, p = .011 for average cortex). These findings support the hypothesis that raphe serotonin is a critical modulator of cortical serotonin release via projecting neurons in healthy human subjects.
2011-2012 adenovirus infection characteristics of children with acute respiratory infection characterized in Xuzhou

Objective Find out types and popular features of children with adenovirus infection in Xuzhou.Methods Use Real-time PCR method to test nasopharyngeal secretions specimens extracted from a total of 990 children with acute respiratory infections from January 2011 to December 2012; adenoviruspositive separation.Results As a result of 990 specimens,real-time PCR number of positive detection of adenovirus was 164 (16.6％) ; adenovirus infection annually specimens were amplified by conventional PCR and hexon gene amplification products were sequenced and typed.For the same time,use Hep-2 to do cell disseminated the peak period is March to April,which is commonly seen on children under the age of 7.The positive rate of infection is 91.5％ ; 100 cases of the PCR-positive samples amplified products were sequenced and typed,covering B \C \E three subspecies,among which HAdV B3 18 strains (18.0％),HAdV C2 17 strains (17.0％),HAdV B716 strains (16.0％) are more common.There are 2 cases about mixed HAdV B3 and HAdV B7 infection; the number from which PCR-positive strains were isolated in 134 cases is 59 the isolation rate of 44.0％.Conclusion Adenovirus is the important pathogen of children with acute respiratory infections in Xuzhou.Xuzhou adenovirus type and species are diverse and the probability of restructuring virus mutation is high,which call for us to strengthen monitoring of the virus prevalence. Key words: Adenoviridae infections; Respiratory tract infections
Exploratory factor analysis and validity of the virtual reality symptom questionnaire and computer use survey.

The widespread use of virtual reality head-mounted-displays (HMDs) calls for a re-examination of the impact of prolonged exposure to fixed visual displays at close ocular proximity. The purpose of ...
Examining the Effect of Dopant Ionic Radius on Plasmonic M:ZnO Nanocrystals (M = Al3+, Ga3+, In3+)

Understanding the role of dopant deactivation on plasmon frequency and extinction is important for the rational design of plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystals (PSNCs). Aliovalent dopants do not alw...
Stieltjes Integrals of Hölder Continuous Functions with Applications to Fractional Brownian Motion

We give a new estimate on Stieltjes integrals of Holder continuous functions and use it to prove an existence-uniqueness theorem for solutions of ordinary differential equations with Holder continuous forcing. We construct stochastic integrals with respect to fractional Brownian motion, and establish sufficient conditions for its existence. We prove that stochastic differential equations with fractional Brownian motion have a unique solution with probability 1 in certain classes of Holder-continuous functions. We give tail estimates of the maximum of stochastic integrals from tail estimates of the Holder coefficient of fractional Brownian motion. In addition we apply the techniques used for ordinary Brownian motion to construct stochastic integrals of deterministic functions with respect to fractional Brownian motion and give tail estimates of its maximum.
Expanding Opportunities for Data Dissemination Through Collaborative Writing Teams in Public Health Practice Settings.

Government health departments at all levels make meaningful contributions to advancing the public health of communities, yet state health departments lack the time and infrastructure to share their...
Managing Violence: In-Prison Behavior Associated with Placement in an Alternative Disciplinary Segregation Program

The use of segregation continues to be at the forefront of debates on the most effective way to address violence in prisons. Concern over the negative impact of these placements has prompted correctional administrators to employ alternative strategies to reduce their segregated populations and address serious misconduct. Few studies, however, have explored the impact that these strategies have on future behavioral outcomes. To address this gap, the current study explores the effectiveness of a disciplinary segregation program reserved for those who engage in violent misconduct during their incarceration. This study employs a quasi-experimental research design to estimate the treatment effects of placement in a disciplinary segregation program on subsequent levels of institutional misconduct during a one-year follow-up. Results from this study reveal that placement in the disciplinary segregation program had no effect on subsequent levels of serious in-prison misconduct amongst participants when compared to their matched counterparts. Our findings suggest that scholars and practitioners should work to build a response to in-prison violence that starts with what is known about the causes of violence and what effectively modifies attitudes and behaviors. Future research should include rigorous measures of both program process and implementation to better identify effective forms of intervention.