cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suggestion regarding Gemeinschaft, Inner Creation, and Role-Taking (Empathy): II. David Bakan on “Communion and Agency”

This paper is the second of a series intended to relate Ferdinand Toennies' distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (and all comparable distinctions in social theory) to the difference be...
Osteopontin expression in ovarian carcinomas and tumors of low malignant potential (LMP)

Expression of osteopontin (OPN) by ovarian tumors is not known. Neoplasms arising from the ovarian epithelium are distinguished in adenocarcinomas and borderline tumors (LMPs), which overall have a favorable prognosis even with omental implants. Tissues from primary ovarian tumors and their metastases from 30 patients (16 LMPs and 14 adenocarcinomas) were evaluated for OPN expression by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and in situ hybridization. OPN was weak or absent in 93% of ovarian adenocarcinomas or their metastases. In contrast, 81.5% of the LMPs and 50% of omental and lymph node implants were OPN positive (P < .028). Histological type, grade, or clinical stage did not correlate with OPN expression. Expression of OPN primarily by ovarian neoplasms with favorable prognosis is an intriguing new finding of potential importance in the pathogenesis of ovarian LMPs.
Group Identification Moderates Emotional Responses to Perceived Prejudice

Two studies tested the prediction that group identification (importance of the group in the self-concept) moderates the impact of perceived discrimination on self-evaluative emotions (depression and self-esteem). In Study 1, women low in gender identification experienced less depressed emotion and higher self-esteem if a negative evaluation was due to sexism than when it was not. The self-evaluative emotions of women high in gender identification were not buffered by attributions to sexism. In Study 2, ethnic identification and depressed emotions were positively related when Latino-Americans read about pervasive prejudice against the ingroup but were negatively related when they read about prejudice against an outgroup. Both studies demonstrated that for highly group identified individuals, prejudice against the ingroup is a threat against the self. Thus, the self-protective strategy of attributing negative feedback to discrimination may be primarily effective for individuals who do not consider the group...
Tissue analysis and hemolymph translocation of [14C]chlorpyrifos sorbed from treated surfaces by American cockroaches

Abstract Using radiotracer methodology and dissection techniques it was demonstrated that [ 14 ]chlorpyrifos and/or its 14 C-labeled metabolite(s) concentrated mainly in the gut tissues and malpighian tubules of American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus), following sorption from a treated surface. Significantly lower ( P ≤ 0.10) amounts of 14 C were present in testes samples and no radioactive material was detected in brain tissue. After 41.5–48 hr of exposure of adult male American cockroaches to sublethal concentrations of [ 14 C]chlorpyrifos, radioactivity was detected in the hemolymph of all cockroaches tested. The hemolymph accounted for 30.83% of the total sorbed 14 C. A parabiotic experiment confirmed translocation of chlorpyrifos and/or its 14 C-labeled metabolite(s) in hemolymph.
CIA Exam Strategy: Planning, Preparation and Test‐taking Techniques

The CIA designation continues to gain acceptance within the internal auditing profession. One of the goals of the IIA is to globalize the certification. Many view exam preparation as excellent foundation training. The designation is more often seen as a job requirement or a promotion requirement. Assists candidates in developing a comprehensive, efficient, effective exam strategy. The exam guidelines set forth include: status evaluation, planning, preparation and test‐taking. Proposes that this approach should minimize preparation time and maximize success.
Point mutation of Arg440 to His in cytochrome P450c17 causes severe 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.

Genetic disorders in the gene encoding P450c17 cause 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. The consequent defects in the synthesis of cortisol and sex steroids cause sexual infantilism and a female phenotype in both genetic sexes as well as mineralocorticoid excess and hypertension. A 15-yr-old patient from Germany was seen for absent pubertal development and mild hypertension with hypokalemia, high concentrations of 17-deoxysteroids, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Analysis of her P450c17 gene by polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing showed mutation of codon 440 from CGC (Arg) to CAC (His). Expression of a vector encoding this mutated form of P450c17 in transfected nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells showed that the mutant P450c17 protein was produced, but it lacked both 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities. To date, 15 different P450c17 mutations have been described in 23 patients with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, indicating that mutations in this gene are due to random ev...
Low-complexity and low-bit-rate image compression scheme based on absolute moment block truncation coding

A novel image compression scheme based on absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) is proposed. The quadtree segmentation technique is employed in this scheme to exploit the variable-block-sized segmentation. In addition, the concept of using visual patterns to reduce the storage cost of the BTC bit plane is incorporated into this scheme. Finally, the bit plane omission technique is employed if these two quantization levels in each image block are quite similar. According to the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed scheme requires very little computational complexity. Besides, a good image quality of the compressed image can be obtained while the required bit rate is relatively low. In other words, the proposed scheme indeed provides a good approach to compress digital images with little computational cost at a low bit rate.
Process simulations of HI decomposition via reactive distillation in the sulfur–iodine cycle for hydrogen manufacture

Abstract Process simulations of HI decomposition via reactive distillation in the Sulfur–Iodine (S–I) cycle have been performed using heat pumps for energy recovery and a recently developed thermodynamic properties model. Several differences from previous flow sheets have been found through manual optimization of reflux ratio, number of stripping and rectifying stages, and pressure of the distillation column for typical inlet conditions to the HIx Section III. In particular, the RD column should have a minimal stripping section, can have as few as 10 total stages, an operating pressure of 12 bar, and a reflux ratio of 0.75, while achieving the production requirements. Though this design has limited improvement in energy requirements because the General Atomics energy recovery system is extremely effective, these results mean there should be a significant reduction in capital costs from prior estimates. In addition, as the inlet flow rate is increased, the input energy requirements decrease because of an increased ratio of H2O to I2 in the reboiler, lowering its temperature, and reducing the temperature differences for heat pump operations. The optimal inlet flow is between 126 and 140 mol/mol H2, with a Section energy requirement of 367 kJ/mol H2, and an overall process thermal efficiency estimated to be 41.5% relative to the higher heating value of hydrogen. These findings suggest there may be greater flexibility in conditions for the Bunsen reaction section as well as other possibilities for further energy efficiency improvement.
EFFECTS OF PATTY PERFORATION DURING PROCESSING AND “COOK AND HOLD” PROCEDURES ON PROPERTIES OF LOW‐FAT BEEF PATTIES

Lean ground beef (10% fat) was formed into 90 g patties to be either 1.27 or 0.95 cm thick. These patties were then subjected to surface perforation on one side, both sides or neither side. Patties were cooked on preheated (163C) griddles to 71C and then either evaluated or held at 63C for 90 min before evaluation. Patties were evaluated for cooking, sensory and instrumental shear force properties. Patties subjected to surface perforations had shorter cooking times, but did not appreciably differ in cooking yield from nonperforated patties. However, perforated patties underwent more shrink in patty diameter. Perforation procedures decreased ground beef flavor and juiciness. Thicker (1.27 cm) patties were found to be more tender and juicy than thinner (0.95 cm) patties. The “cook and hold” process reduced total cooked patty weight, increased fat content, reduced moisture content, and lowered juiciness values. However, “cook and hold” patties underwent slightly faster breakdown during chewing and had increased ground beef flavor intensity. This increase in flavor intensity was the result of reduced occurrence of “cow beef” type flavor. The “cooking and holding” process decreased the presence of pink/red color. It would appear from this study that with low-fat patties, if food service operations require a holding period before serving, major changes in eating quality are not likely. Use of thicker patties without perforations are suggested in a “cook and hold” system.
Molecular Architecture via Coordination: Self-Assembly, Characterization, and Host−Guest Chemistry of Mixed, Neutral-Charged, Pt−Pt and Pt−Pd Macrocyclic Tetranuclear Complexes. X-ray Crystal Structure of Cyclobis[[cis- Pt(dppp)(4-ethynylpyridine)2][cis-Pd2+(PEt3)22-OSO2CF3]]

Interaction of cis-Ptdppp(p-C6H4CN)2 or cis-Ptdppp(p-C2C6H4N)2 with cis-ML2(OSO2CF3)2 (M = Pt or Pd; L = PEt3 or L2 = dppp), in CH2Cl2 or acetone, at room temperature, results in mixed, neutral-charged cyclic tetranuclear, Pt−Pt or Pt−Pd macrocyclic complexes in 90−99% yields via self-assembly. All tetramers are microcrystalline air- and water-stable solids with decomposition points > 170 °C. The benzonitrile based macrocycles can be disassembled in solution with 4,4‘-bipyridine, while the 4-ethynylpyridine systems are more stable toward a variety of guests. The 4-ethynylpyridine tetramers display host−guest chemistry with silver triflate via the “π -tweezer effect”. The X-ray crystal structure as well as FABMS, including isotope patterns, are reported for the tetranuclear macrocycle cyclobis[[cis-Pt(dppp)(4-ethynylpyridine)2][cis-Pd2+(PEt3)22-OSO2CF3]] (14).
Anthropology as a Policy Science: Part I, A Critique

A~~ROPOLOGETS APPEAR TO BE CONFUSED about the use of anthropology in public policy. Part of the problem is that they mistake the field's contributions in applied anthropology and development with those in public policy formation. All anthropologists working in policy areas may be applied anthropologists, but not all applied anthropology leads to policy formulation. This essay examines the successful policy sciences and reviews the success and failure of anthropology as a policy field.
Optimizing tactical military MANETs with a specialized PSO

An agent location optimization model for military mobile ad-hoc networks is described. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of autonomous agents designed to continuously support users who change the topology of the network dynamically and independently. The autonomous agents are controlled to maximize the connectivity of user nodes that move within the target region considering tactical military aspects. The primary objective of the agent location model is to maximize the connectivity and quality of communication between user nodes and a control node. To support military applications, a new approach, the Pre-deployed Agent Level (PAL) is introduced and a particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based heuristic with PAL is developed to solve the problem under three user mobility models. The focus of the paper is to determine the effect of PAL on the communication quality in the network.
Training SVM with indefinite kernels

Similarity matrices generated from many applications may not be positive semidefinite, and hence can't fit into the kernel machine framework. In this paper, we study the problem of training support vector machines with an indefinite kernel. We consider a regularized SVM formulation, in which the indefinite kernel matrix is treated as a noisy observation of some unknown positive semidefinite one (proxy kernel) and the support vectors and the proxy kernel can be computed simultaneously. We propose a semi-infinite quadratically constrained linear program formulation for the optimization, which can be solved iteratively to find a global optimum solution. We further propose to employ an additional pruning strategy, which significantly improves the efficiency of the algorithm, while retaining the convergence property of the algorithm. In addition, we show the close relationship between the proposed formulation and multiple kernel learning. Experiments on a collection of benchmark data sets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The positive impact and development of hopeful leaders

Although hope is commonly used in terms of wishful thinking, as a positive psychological concept consisting of the dimensions of both willpower (agency) and waypower (pathways), it has been found to be positively related to academic, athletic and health outcomes. The impact of hopeful leaders, however, has not been empirically analyzed. This exploratory study (N = 59) found that high‐ as compared to low‐hope leaders had more profitable work units and had better satisfaction and retention rates among their subordinates. The implications of these preliminary findings of the positive impact that hopeful leaders may have in the workplace are discussed.
Discourse and difference

This article contends that students whose discourses differ from the dominant academic discourses of school may develop negative writer identities as a result of their language struggles in the academy. Using Critical Discourse analysis, the study explores the writer identities of two college writers in order to understand how embedded ideologies and power relations shape understanding of writer identity. The article goes on to suggest how the use of hybrid genres, acceptance of more multicultural discourses, and introduction of political discourse in the classroom can empower educators and students to overcome language policies that work against them in the academy.
Efficient streamline, streamribbon, and streamtube constructions on unstructured grids

Streamline construction is one of the most fundamental techniques for visualizing steady flow fields. Streamribbons and streamtubes are extensions for visualizing the rotation and the expansion of the flow. The paper presents efficient algorithms for constructing streamlines, streamribbons, and streamtubes on unstructured grids. A specialized Runge-Kutta method is developed to speed up the tracing of streamlines. Explicit solutions are derived for calculating the angular rotation rates of streamribbons and the radii of streamtubes. In order to simplify mathematical formulations and reduce computational costs, all calculations are carried out in the canonical coordinate system instead of the physical coordinate system. The resulting speed up in overall performance helps explore large flow fields.
Poverty, capabilities and freedom

The idea of poverty has played a central role in political economy since the first pages of the Wealth of Nations, where Adam Smith distinguishes between what he calls the civilized and savage states of man. Classical economists connected the idea of poverty to the idea of subsistence, and the idea of subsistence to the capacity to maintain a way of life of a particular kind, appropriate to the occupant of a well‐defined position in society. The attempt to define poverty in this way runs into difficulty, however, in a modern rather than subsistence‐based economy. In this essay, the idea of capabilities is developed in a specific direction to suggest a way of thinking about poverty suitable to a modern society. Poverty is defined as the opposing pole to freedom, and freedom is linked to creativity in work. Creativity in work is considered the exercise of a human capability, specifically the capability to do skilled labor. Poverty results, then, either when this capability does not develop, or when the oppo...
Follistatin-free activin A is not associated with preterm birth☆☆☆★

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether follistatin-free activin A (an inhibin-related protein with rising serum levels before term labor) is associated with spontaneous preterm birth in an outpatient population. STUDY DESIGN: From 10 centers, 2929 women were enrolled in the Preterm Prediction Study. Plasma was isolated from blood samples obtained at 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and stored. A nested case-controlled study was performed; there were 197 women with spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation with 24-week samples and 142 cases with 28-week samples that were matched to an equal number of term control samples from each time point. A follistatin-free activin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed, with results interpreted as positive or negative (defined as a value less than the assay limit of sensitivity). A comparison of follistatin-free activin A with other tests that were associated with spontaneous preterm birth (α-fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, cortisol, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, fetal fibronectin, and cervical interleukin-6) was also performed. RESULTS: The odds ratio for associated spontaneous preterm birth at CONCLUSION: Follistatin-free activin A is not associated with spontaneous preterm birth in an asymptomatic outpatient population. Follistatin-free activin A may not be an appropriate screening marker for spontaneous preterm birth in the office setting. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:464-9.)
Erysipelas in children under two years of age

Summary 1. In a review of fifty-eight cases of children less than two years old, it was observed that the greatest mortality occurred during the neonatal period. 2. Blood stream invasion was a characteristic feature of the fatal cases.
The impact of EU accession on exports by Greek agricultural co‐operatives: An approach based on pooling time‐series and cross‐sectional data

Abstract This paper attempts to assess the effects of both Greek accession to the EU and the passage of time, on the share of agricultural exports held by Greek co‐operatives, using panel data for the period 1971–90. The GLS error components and OLS dummy variable methods for pooling time‐series and cross‐sectional data are used to estimate regression models for product groups. The results indicate that accession to the EU increased the co‐operatives’ proportion of total agricultural exports. Differences across specific product categories can be attributed to a time trend that is positive only for processed products.
The oceanic source of carbonyl sulfide (OCS)

Abstract Contrary to recent conjectures, we show that the oceans are a global source of carbonyl sulfide to the atmosphere amounting to about 0.6 (±0.2) × 1012gy−1.
The Fumigant Toxicity of Three Pine Resins to Dendroctonus brevicomis and D. jeffreyi

The toxicity of pine resin vapors to adult bark beetles was selected as one means of investigating the resistance of pines to these insects. When adults of Dendroctollus brevicomis Lec. were confined to a saturated atmosphere in a 30-cc. test tube, mortality rates differed significantly between species of resins and between resin and turpentine (the liquid commercial derivative of resin). In a 150-cc. screw-cap jar fumigation chamber, D. brevicomis and D. jeffreyi Hopk. were able to tolerate the volatile fraction of their natural host resin, respectively Pinus ponderosa Laws. and P. jeffreyi Grev. and Balf; but neither beetle was able to tolerate the vapors from the other's host resin. With increased time of exposure, neither beetle was able to tolerate the saturated vapors of resin from a P. jeffreyi ✕ ponderosa hybrid. This led to the hypothesis that bark beetles can tolerate the resin vapors of their hosts but cannot tolerate that of a nonhost.
Free association within categories as a function of typicality

The experiment attempted to determine whether a common retrieval cue operates to guide free associations when the stimulus material consists of pairs of category associates varying in typicality. Individuals were presented 48 pairs of words that were the 3rd and 4th, 9th and 10th, or 17th and 18th associates of category labels, under free association instructions or instructions that stressed that each pair came from a common category. The different instructions produced no performance differences. The high- and medium-typicality stimulus pairs elicited the category label or some other highly typical member of the category. The lower typicality stimuli also produced category label responses or elicited lower typicality responses. Level of stimulus typicality did not affect total relevant responses or amount of category label responses.
Evoked responses in the anterior brain stem of cats during urinary bladder contractions

Abstract Neural activity in various regions of the anterior brain stem were studied during spontaneous bladder contractions using evoked potential techniques in awake, immobilized cats. Potentials were evoked in diencephalic and mesencephalic regions by stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Each potential was classified into one of five categories depending on the bladder pressure. Compared to control, some potentials in other categories were either enhanced or suppressed during the contraction or, in some cases, a combination of both occurred. The latter triphasic responses consisted of either an increase or a decrease during the pre- and postcontraction periods with the opposite effect during the contraction. Responses were particularly evident in red nucleus, superior colliculus, substantia nigra, central gray, and mesencephalic reticular formation. These results were interpreted with respect to previous studies which associate these structures with bladder function and in terms of brain stem integration of multiple sensory inputs.
Periodontal pathogen-related stimulation indicates unique phenotype of primary cultured human fibroblasts from gingiva and periodontal ligament: Implications for oral health disease

Abstract Statement of Problem. The fibroblast is considered an important cellular component in periodontitis because it is the predominant cell type in periodontal connective tissue. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to test whether gingival fibroblasts (GF) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) are heterogeneous in their production of inflammatory mediators associated with bone resorption in response to lipopolysaccharides from the gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis . To test this hypothesis, we (1) compared interleukin-6 production by cultured human PDLF and GF isolated from the same individual when exposed to P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide; and (2) compared prostaglandin-E 2 production by cultured human PDLF and GF isolated from the same individual when exposed to P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Material and Methods. Human periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts were cultured from biopsies and exposed to P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin-E 2 secreted into culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the data analyzed. Gingival fibroblasts secreted similar interleukin-6 and elevated prostaglandin-E 2 levels compared with unstimulated cells. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts secreted elevated levels of both mediators compared with unstimulated cells. Secreted levels of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin-E 2 by primary gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblast cultures appear to differ when stimulated with a periodontal pathogen-related virulence factor. Conclusion. The fibroblast of the periodontal ligament and the fibroblast of the gingiva may represent different phenotypes that play unique roles in tissue responses to implants. (J Prosthet Dent 1997:77:191-6.)
Chlorpromazine reduces avoidance performance deficit in rats with dorsomedial thalamic lesions

Rats with bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial area of the thalamus were shown to have a significant performance deficit on the acquisition of a one-way active shock-avoidance task relative to sham-operated controls. Administration of chlorpromazine prior to testing was shown to reduce this deficit among the DMT-lesioned animals.
Two-time correlations, self-averaging, and an analytically solvable model of phase-ordering dynamics.

We consider a simple model of phase-ordering dynamics with nonconserved order parameter introduced by Ohta, Jasnow, and Kawasaki. We demonstrate that, within this model, any expectation value, including multiple-time-correlation functions, can be obtained. Although the dynamics are very simple and are spatially non-self-averaging only in a trivial sense, much of the seemingly complex behavior seen in simulations of more realistic models is reproduced. The model of Ohta et al. also suggests a new type of dynamical universality class that is characterized by the lack of temporal, as opposed to spatial, self-averaging. The predictions of this model are found to agree well with numerical experiments.
Governance of red tourism in China: Perspectives on power and guanxi

Abstract Because of its ability to harbor social values, norms, and beliefs, heritage is heavily politicized through tourism development. Despite the importance and universality of the politics of heritage in the tourism context, its political dimensions remain insufficiently explored. This study maps the major roles that governments play in China's red tourism development along a political hierarchy from the perspectives of power and guanxi, two decisive social concepts in China. The government's main roles are identified from both top-down (e.g. planner and designer, resource organizer and provider, and coordinator) and bottom-up (e.g. supporter, executor, and guanxi builder and maintainer) directions. Moreover, the underlying factors that shape these roles and associated issues are also discussed. Managerial implications with respect to public engagement and future research directions are recommended.
IBM POWER8 circuit design and energy optimization

The IBM POWER8™ processor is a 649-mm $^{2} $ , 4.2-billion transistor, high-frequency microprocessor fabricated in the IBM 22-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) technology with embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) and 15 layers of metal. With its twelve architecturally enhanced, eight-way multithreaded cores, 96-MB high-bandwidth shared third-level cache, and increased on and off-chip bandwidth, the POWER8 processor delivers industry-leading performance. This paper describes the circuit techniques and design methodologies that were employed for implementing this chip and that allowed it to maintain the power dissipation at the level of its predecessor while delivering a threefold increase in per-socket performance. Among the innovative technologies employed by the processor are resonant clocking, on-chip per-core voltage regulation, and enhanced eDRAM arrays.
Protein vivisection reveals elusive intermediates in folding

Although most folding intermediates escape detection, their characterization is crucial to the elucidation of folding mechanisms. Here, we outline a powerful strategy to populate partially unfolded intermediates: A buried aliphatic residue is substituted with a charged residue (e.g., Leu-->Glu(-)) to destabilize and unfold a specific region of the protein. We applied this strategy to ubiquitin, reversibly trapping a folding intermediate in which the beta5-strand is unfolded. The intermediate refolds to a native-like structure upon charge neutralization under mildly acidic conditions. Characterization of the trapped intermediate using NMR and hydrogen exchange methods identifies a second folding intermediate and reveals the order and free energies of the two major folding events on the native side of the rate-limiting step. This general strategy may be combined with other methods and have broad applications in the study of protein folding and other reactions that require trapping of high-energy states.
The Quadrature Synchronous Reactance of Salient-Pole Synchronous Machines

Advances in the theory of synchronous machines have created a number of reactance constants, and improvements in theory have led to continual refinements in methods of calculation and test. This paper presents an improvement in the calculation of the quadrature synchronous reactance, compares calculated with test results, and discusses four methods of test, one of which is an improvement in simplicity and ease of accomplishment over methods of test presented previously.
Isolated esophageal atresia in both premature twins

Abstract An esophageal atresia is a rare congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract. Its estimated incidence is 1–2 cases per 5000 live births. An esophageal atresia is more frequent in Caucasians and in children from twin pregnancy. However, it is extremely rare to observe this malformation in both twins. In 70% of cases an esophageal atresia is accompanied by other congenital malformations. The authors present a case of preterm twins in both of which isolated esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) was diagnosed.
Decision Analysis: A Tool for Infection Control

Financial resources for health care have been restricted. Constraints demand that physicians and administrators get the most for their money, yet the myriad of diagnostic tests and antibiotics available today can easily boggle the minds of those who must choose among them. This situation is particularly true of infection control where active research continually produces new products. Each hospital must choose among disinfectants, detergents, antibiotics, protective clothing, immunizations, dressing supplies, respiratory therapies, and many other products. At every point, questions arise. Is a new product worth the extra money? Alternatively, is a less expensive product really more cost-effective? How many additional infections must be prevented before a product “pays” for itself?
Harmonic waves in layered transversely isotropic composites

Abstract The dispersive property of laminated elastic composites consisting of transversely isotropic layers is studied. Harmonic waves with various propagation directions with respect to the direction of layering are considered. Exact solutions are presented and compared with the results of the new qoutient method recently developed by one of the authors.
Yitzhak (Eric) Zimmer. The Fiery Embers of the Scholars: the Trials and Tribulations of German Rabbis in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik for Ben Gurion University of the Negev Press, 1999. xii, 355 pp. (Hebrew).

German rabbis of the sixteenth century, as Eric Zimmer remarks in his introduction, were not for the most part very distinguished; they published relatively little, and only one of them (H?ayyim ben Bezalel) achieved even moderate fame. Nevertheless, Zimmer has lavished his attention on these forgotten figures—David of Fulda, Abraham Stang Dulken, Isaac Ginzberg, and others—and his thirty years of patient research of manuscript sources (some of which he publishes here) have culminated in this book. The book is less than a complete survey of the topic, and still shows some signs of having been published initially as separate articles and studies. Zimmer presents a series of snapshots, grouped around the theme of conflict; these German rabbis, distinguished or not, did not lack for quarrels.
Ambulatory monitoring of respiration: inhibitory breathing in the natural environment.

Because previous work found that sustained inhibitory breathing (i.e., low frequency breathing without increased tidal volume) can occur in laboratory animals under conditions of behavioral stress, this study sought to determine whether a comparable respiratory pattern could be observed in ambulatory human subjects in their natural environments. Tidal volume, breathing frequency, and minute ventilation were monitored continuously during 24-hour sessions via inductive plethysmography and a portable microprocessor. Mean tidal volume and minute ventilation were significantly higher during the daytime than at night for all subjects. However, mean breathing frequency was not consistently higher during the daytime, because episodes of low frequency breathing offset episodes of high breathing frequency. Tidal volume during low frequency breathing was comparable to that observed during medium or high frequency breathing. Thus, low frequency breathing was indicative of low minute ventilation. The eliciting stimuli, physiological concomitants, and relevance to health of this energetically inefficient breathing pattern remain to be determined.
Carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts of 1-alkyl-3(5)-cyano-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid esters

A compilation of 13C NMR chemical shifts for 13 pairs of 3- and 5-cyano-substituted pyrazole regioisomers is reported. All of the ring carbon and cyano carbon 13C chemical shifts show a regular, predictable correlation with the particular isomer, whether 3-cyano or 5-cyano. These shifts occurred in very narrow ranges, precluding any confusion of assignment within the group of compounds studied. x-ray crystallographic analysis was performed on one of the samples.
Satellite remote sensing of river inundation area, stage, and discharge: a review

The growing availability of multi-temporal satellite data has increased opportunities for monitoring large rivers from space. A variety of passive and active sensors operating in the visible and microwave range are currently operating, or planned, which can estimate inundation area and delineate flood boundaries. Radar altimeters show great promise for directly measuring stage variation in large rivers. It also appears to be possible to obtain estimates of river discharge from space, using ground measurements and satellite data to construct empirical curves that relate water surface area to discharge. Extrapolation of these curves to ungauged sites may be possible for the special case of braided rivers. Where clouds, trees and floating vegetation do not obscure the water surface, high-resolution visible/infrared sensors provide good delineation of inundated areas. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors can penetrate clouds and can also detect standing water through emergent aquatic plants and forest canopies. However, multiple frequencies and polarizations are required for optimal discrimination of various inundated vegetation cover types. Existing singlepolarization, fixed-frequency SARs are not suAcient for mapping inundation area in all riverine environments. In the absence of a space-borne multi-parameter SAR, a synergistic approach using single-frequency, fixed-polarization SAR and visible/infrared data will provide the best results over densely vegetated river floodplains. #1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse events associated with the intraoperative injection of isosulfan blue.

Abstract Study objective To describe the adverse events associated with the intraoperative injection of isosulfan blue in a large group of patients having a wide range of surgical procedures, and to identify risk factors for these events. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting University-affiliated institution specializing in malignancies Patients 1835 patients representing a total of 1852 surgical procedures. Measurements Incidence, type, severity, onset time, duration, management, and the presence of potential risk factors for adverse events. Events were considered "major" if potentially life-threatening hypotension occurred. Main results Adverse events occurred in 28 procedures (1.5%) and 14 of these adverse events (0.75%) were classified as major. The types of events were: skin reactions in 21 patients, hypotension in 14 patients, edema in 1 patients, and unspecified in 1 patient. The time of onset for adverse events was 42.2 ± 53.9 minutes (median, 17.5; range, 1 to 180 min) after isosulfan blue injection, and was significantly longer for minor reactions compared with major events (p = 0.015). The longest adverse event lasted at least 21 hours. Treatment was successful with usual antiallergy/antianaphylaxis medications. Ten patients received diphenhydramine alone, and four patients received intravenous epinephrine infusions. Factors associated with a significantly increased incidence of adverse events were isosulfan blue injection in the vulvar area ( p = 0.000038), and the chronic preoperative use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor-blocking agents ( p = 0.043). Trends toward an increased risk of an adverse event were noted with isosulfan blue injection in the breast area ( p = 0.19), and having more than one surgical procedure with isosulfan blue ( p = 0.14). Conclusions Although the most frequent adverse event associated with injection of isosulfan blue was a skin reaction, potentially life-threatening hypotension occurred in 0.75% of all procedures. Anesthesiologists must be aware of the variable onset time and potentially prolonged duration of the adverse events. They should recognize the need for extra vigilance in patients with potential risk factors, and have the usual antiallergy/antianaphylaxis medications available for administration if necessary.
The Prevalence and Types of Gambling Among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants in New York City

Objectives To examine the prevalence of gambling and types of gambling activities in a sample of undocumented Mexican immigrants. Design Non-probability cross-sectional design. Setting New York City. Sample The 431 respondents ranged in age from 18 to 80 (mean age 32), 69.7% were male. Results More than half (53.8%) reported gambling in their lifetime and of those most (43.9%) played scratch and win tickets or the lottery. In multivariate analyses men reported gambling more than women (2.13, 95% CI = (1.03, 4.38)). The odds of gambling in their lifetime were higher among those reporting sending money to family or friends in the home country (2.65, 95% CI = 1.10, 6.38)), and those who reported 1-5 days as compared to no days of poor mental health in the past 30 days (2.44, 95% CI = 1.22, 4.89)). Conversely, those who reported entering the U.S. to live after 1996 were less likely to report gambling (0.44, 95% CI = (0.22, 0.89)) as compared to those who had lived in the U.S. longer. Conclusion There is a need to further explore both the prevalence and the severity of gambling amongst the growing population of undocumented Mexican immigrants in the U.S.
Histone H2B Ubiquitination Promotes the Function of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins are reciprocal events involved in many cellular processes, including the cell cycle. During mitosis, the metaphase to anaphase transition is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Although the E3 ubiquitin ligase function of the APC/C has been well characterized, it is not clear whether deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play a role in reversing APC/C substrate ubiquitination. Here we performed a genetic screen to determine what DUB, if any, antagonizes the function of the APC/C in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We found that deletion of ubp8, encoding the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyl transferase (SAGA) complex associated DUB, suppressed temperature-sensitive phenotypes of APC/C mutants cut9-665, lid1-6, cut4-533, and slp1-362. Our analysis revealed that Ubp8 antagonizes APC/C function in a mechanism independent of the spindle assembly checkpoint and proteasome activity. Notably, suppression of APC/C mutants was linked to loss of Ubp8 catalytic activity and required histone H2B ubiquitination. On the basis of these data, we conclude that Ubp8 antagonizes APC/C function indirectly by modulating H2B ubiquitination status.
The McMartin Case Revisited: The Conflict between Social Work and Criminal Justice

This article examines the fundamen tal conflict between the goal of the social work system to protect and treat the child and the goal of the criminal justice system to fairly prosecute the defendant. The most recent scientific studies regarding the suggestibility and credibility of children as witnesses are reviewed with a focus on the conflict between the role of investigative inter viewer and that of therapist. The legal and strategic issues surrounding video taped testimony of children are ana lyzed with regard to the requirement of the criminal justice system to conduct a fair trial as opposed to the social work objective of protecting a child from giv ing courtroom testimony.
Effects of Developmental Lead Exposure on the Hippocampal Transcriptome: Influences of Sex, Developmental Period, and Lead Exposure Level

Developmental lead (Pb) exposure has profound effects on cognition and behavior. Much is known about effects of Pb on hippocampal-mediated behaviors, but little is known about the molecular consequences of Pb exposure and the influences of developmental timing of exposure, level of exposure, and sex as effect modifiers of Pb exposure on the brain. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different levels of Pb exposure (250 and 750 ppm Pb acetate) during perinatal (gestation/lactation) and postnatal (through postnatal day 45) periods on the hippocampal transcriptome in male and female Long Evans rats. Total RNA was extracted from hippocampus from four animals per experimental condition. RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix Rat Gene RNA Arrays using standard methods. Pb exposure per se influenced the expression of 717 transcripts (328 unique annotated genes), with many influenced in a sex-independent manner. Significant differences in gene expression patterns were also influenced by timing and level of exposure, with generally larger effects at the lower level of exposure across all groups. Statistically enriched biological functions included ion binding, regulation of RNA metabolic processes, and positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic processes. Processes of regulation of transcription and regulation of gene expression were preferentially enriched in males, regardless of timing or amount of Pb exposure. The effect on transcription factors and the diverse pathways or networks affected by Pb suggest a substantial effect of developmental Pb exposure on plasticity and adaptability, with these effects significantly modified by sex, developmental window of exposure, and level of Pb exposure.
High impedance fault detection for industrial power systems

The authors describe the characteristics of high-impedance faults and the most effective techniques for detecting them. The benefits of high-impedance fault detection for industrial power systems are identified. It is shown that the most effective high-impedance-fault detection system incorporates several algorithms and monitors a number of parameters to ensure sensitivity and correct operation. Operating the detector in an alarm mode improves safety and fault location with minimal effect on service continuity. A valuable use for such a detector would be the identification of incipient faults, so that critical loads can be switched to another source before the fault becomes bolted and requires the circuit to be cleared. Using a detector in this way could save substantial down-time costs for critical processes. >
Throughput Gains Using Rate and Power Control in Cooperative Relay Networks

In this letter, we use power and rate adaptation to maximize the throughput in cooperative relay networks when limited feedback links to the transmitter nodes exist. We observe that, for a finite rate of feedback, the throughput maximizing outage probability can be relatively high. This suggests using higher rate codes and allowing some outages in an effort to increase the overall network throughput. Our analysis also reveals that the relaying transmission paradigm offers significant throughput gains over direct transmission for any rate of the feedback link. Our work not only demonstrates the power of cooperative coding, but also suggests the importance of network protocols incorporating feedback to allow for throughput maximization
Migration and behavior of juvenile North Pacific albacore ( Thunnus alalunga )

Archival tags were used to study the seasonal movements, migration patterns and vertical distribution of juvenile North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga). Between 2001 and 2006, archival tags were deployed in North Pacific albacore in two regions of the Northeast Pacific: (i) off Northern Baja California, Mexico and Southern California, and (ii) off Washington and Oregon. Twenty archival tagged fish were recovered with times at liberty ranging from 63 to 697 days. Tagged albacore exhibited five distinct, seasonal migratory patterns. Depth and temperature data also showed a broad range of vertical behaviors. In certain regions such as off Baja California, Mexico, juvenile albacore make frequent dives to depths exceeding 200 m during the day and remain in the surface mixed layer at night, whereas off Oregon and Washington they remain near the surface both day and night. Water temperatures encountered ranged from 3.3 to 22.7� C. Peritoneal temperatures were significantly higher by an average of approximately 4� C, as expected in these warm-bodied fish. This study provides a comprehensive examination of horizontal and vertical movements of juvenile albacore in the Northeast Pacific. The results reveal diverse behavior that varies regionally and seasonally as albacore move among different habitats throughout the entire North Pacific.
Progress in the Development of Hot‐Corrosion‐Resistant Alloys for Marine Applications

This paper reports results of an investigation to develop hot-corrosion-resistant Ni- and Co-base superalloys for marine gas turbine service. Data and conclusions are given for several series of compositions exposed in simulated turbine environments up to 1000 hr and up to 2050 F.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
The molecular perspective: protein farnesyltransferase.

The Oncologist 2003;8:597-598 www.TheOncologist.com In cell signaling, a lot of the action occurs at the cell membrane. Messages arrive at the cell surface and are picked up by receptors. Then, they are processed by a collection of proteins on the inner surface of the membrane and, finally, they are dispatched to their different recipients in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Most of these proteins need ways of staying close to the membrane, where the action is, and not wandering off to other areas. Receptors are often built with large segments that cross the membrane, anchoring them permanently in place. The various signal-processing proteins on the inner surface, however, take a leaner approach. Proteins like Ras and the trimeric G proteins use small lipid molecules to anchor themselves to the inner surface of the cell membrane. These lipids are attached directly to the protein chain. Some are snaky saturated lipids, like 14-carbon myristoyl chains or 16-carbon palmitoyl chains, and some are rigidified unsaturated lipids built from isoprene units, such as 15-carbon farnesyl groups and 20-carbon geranylgeranyl groups. All of them strongly prefer the lipid environment of the membrane rather than the watery environment of the cytoplasm, so they insert into the membrane, tethering the protein in place. The enzyme protein farnesyltransferase attaches farnesyl groups to cysteine amino acids at the ends of certain protein chains, such as that of the Ras protein (Fig. 1). The enzyme Fundamentals of Cancer Medicine The Oncologist