cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuel secretagogue stimulation of arachidonic acid accumulation in fresh and cultured pancreatic islets

It has been previously demonstrated that glucose stimulation of islets of Langerhans causes an accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid that correlates with insulin secretion. In addition, it is well established that glucose metabolism is essential for insulin secretion. We show that non-metabolizable analogs of glucose which do not stimulate insulin secretion fail to cause significant accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid. In addition, mannoheptulose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism, completely blocks the glucose-induced increase in arachidonic acid accumulation. Among the nutrient secretagogues tested, only alpha-ketoisocaproic acid causes a significant increase in unesterified arachidonic acid accumulation. Mannose, fructose, and glyceraldehyde, in particular, failed to elicit a significant increase in unesterified arachidonic acid accumulation. Our data, taken together with previous studies, suggests that glucose must be metabolized to induce accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid in pancreatic islets.
Designing DNA-grafted particles that self-assemble into desired crystalline structures using the genetic algorithm.

In conventional research, colloidal particles grafted with single-stranded DNA are allowed to self-assemble, and then the resulting crystal structures are determined. Although this Edisonian approach is useful for a posteriori understanding of the factors governing assembly, it does not allow one to a priori design ssDNA-grafted colloids that will assemble into desired structures. Here we address precisely this design issue, and present an experimentally validated evolutionary optimization methodology that is not only able to reproduce the original phase diagram detailing regions of known crystals, but is also able to elucidate several previously unobserved structures. Although experimental validation of these structures requires further work, our early success encourages us to propose that this genetic algorithm–based methodology is a promising and rational materials-design paradigm with broad potential applications.
Existence and dimensions of a rotating white dwarf

As a simple model of a “star” one may take a rotating, self-gravitating fluid mass with a barotropic equation of state: p = P(p); the total mass M and a distribution of angular momentum per unit mass j are prescribed parameters. The existence of configurations (that is, density functions p(x), x E R3) satisfying the conditions of hydrodynamical equilibrium depends crucially upon the nature of the function P. When the condition
Mean amplitudes of vibration for an XY4 molecular model with D2d symmetry: application to phosphate ion

A method has been developed on the basis of symmetry considerations for the determination of mean amplitudes of vibration for an XY4 molecular model of slightly distorted tetrahedron possessing aD 2d symmetry and applied to the phosphate ion. The available four fundamental frequencies ofB 2 andE species have been considered and the mean-square amplitude quantities have been computed at room temperature. The results are discussed briefly.
Argiolestes in the Bismarck and the Solomon Archipelagos. Notes on Old World Megapodagrionidae 2 (Odonata)

Abstract Argiolestes aurantiacus, endemic to the Bismarck Archipelago, is redescribed and three new species of Argiolestes from the Solomon Archipelago are described: A. bougainville sp. nov. (holotype ♂: Papua New Guinea, Bougainville, North Solomons, 02 i 1970), A. gizo sp. nov. (holotype ♂: Solomon Islands, Western Province, Gizo Island, alt. 1-100 m, 02 vii 1959) and A. malaita sp. nov. (holotype ♂: Solomon Islands, Malaita, Tagatalau, east of Auki, alt. 200 m, 27 ix 1957). The holotypes are deposited in the RMNH.
Preparedness of neurosurgery graduates for neuroendovascular fellowship: a national survey of fellowship programs.

OBJECT Endovascular interventions have become an essential part of a neurosurgeon’s practice. Whether endovascular procedures have been effectively integrated into residency curricula, however, remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to assess the preparedness of US neurosurgery graduate trainees for neuroendovascular fellowship. METHODS A multidomain, global assessment survey was sent to all directors/faculty of neuroendovascular fellowship programs involved in training of US neurosurgery graduates. Surveyees were asked to assess trainees as they entered fellowship. RESULTS The response rate was 78% (25/32). Of respondent program directors, 38% reported that new fellows did not know the history and imaging of the patient and 50% were unable to formulate an appropriate treatment plan. As many as 79% of fellows were unfamiliar with endovascular devices and 75% were unfamiliar with angiographic equipment. Furthermore, 58% of fellows were unable to perform femoral access, 54% were unable to perform ...
Optical pumping of a Ne(3P2) atom beam with a multimode laser

Abstract Stable optical pumping of a neon metastable atom beam is achieved using a multimode dye laser. The factors that give rise to this stability are discussed. The resultant polarized beam is suitable for the study of electron spin and orbital orientation dependences in a variety of metastable atom collision processes.
cAMP does not have an important role in carbon catabolite repression of the Escherichia coli lac operon

cAMP does not have an important role in carbon catabolite repression of the Escherichia coli lac operon
Determining the Suitability of Computer-Aided Daylight Simulation Method in the Design Process:

The successful use of daylight in a building requires that the associated forms and devices be conceived as an integral part of the architectural design. The popular methods of simulation for daylighting design: manual methods, physical scale model and computer graphics based rendering do not provide a robust model for daylighting decision-making during the design process due to their individual limitations. The recent advances in computer-aided design and rendering compel another look at visually simulating daylight. This paper discusses a project undertaken to test a computer-aided daylight simulation program's accuracy and ability to allow quick iterative daylight explorations, essential to any design decision-making process. Real buildings with their existing complexities are selected as case studies. The outcomes are discussed and recommendations for future daylight simulation software programs to be suitable in the design process are suggested.
Nuclear microprobe analysis of wear tracks on 14N-implanted steels

Abstract Two nuclear microbeam analysis techniques [3,7 MeV(α,p) and 6 MeV(α, α)] have been used to determine the local areal density of 14 N which remains in wear tracks resulting from pin-on-disc testing of nitrogen implanted 15-5 PH and 304 stainless steels. The microbeam analysis shows that the extent of N migration into the 15-5 substrate was to depths ≲ 0.5 μm, but perhaps to ≲ 1.0 μm in 304. The as-implanted layer in 15-5 PH contains up to 40–45 at.% N and consists principally of ∼ 2 μm particles of (Fe, Cr) 2 N 1−x . When sufficient wear has occurred in 304 to lower the N content below 10 17 N/cm 2 , an O buildup to 2 × 10 17 O/cm 2 is observed; however the presence of N does not correlate with low O levels in the wear tracks of 15-5 PH.
The hydration of phospholipids.

Abstract The adsorption isotherms of egg phosphatidylcholine, egg phosphatidylethanolamine and bovine phosphatidylserine, in both their lyso and diacyl forms, have been determined in an examination of the hydration characteristics of films of these phospholipids. It appears that the diacyl phosphatidylcholine lipid has a higher affinity for water than diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine or diacyl phosphatidylserine. The lyso form of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine display similar isotherms as compared to their respective diacyl counterparts. The lyso form of bovine phosphatidylserine, displays an isotherm which differs greatly from that of its diacyl form. Cholesterol is found to increase the hydration of phosphatidylcholine when complexdee with this phospholipid. Increasing the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of phosphatidylcholine is also found to increase the hydration of this phospholipid. The nature of the polar head-group and the hydrocarbon chain thus both have an effect on the hydration of phospholipids.
Comparative Performance of Two Prototypes of a Passive Solar Heat Pipe System

Thermal performance of an improved passive solar heat pipe system was directly compared to that of a previous prototype. Simulated and experimental results for the first prototype established baseline performance. Subsequently, potential improvements were simulated, and a second prototype was built and tested along side the first. The system uses heat pipes for high rates of heat transfer into the building, and limited losses in the reverse direction. The evaporator section of each heat pipe is attached to a glass-covered absorber on the outside of a south wall, and the slightly elevated condenser section is either immersed in water in a thermal storage tank or exposed to air in the room. Two-phase flow occurs in the heat pipe only when the evaporator is warmer than the condenser, creating a thermal diode effect. Computer simulations showed that system performance could be improved by using thicker insulation between the absorber and the storage tanks, and by switching from a copper to a rubber adiabatic section, which both reduced heat losses to ambient from the storage tanks. Early morning heating was improved by exposing one of five condensers directly to room air, which also improved overall system efficiency. A copper solar absorber soldered to the copper evaporator section improved heat conduction compared to the previous aluminum absorber bonded to the copper evaporator. Together these modifications improved simulated annual solar fraction by 20.8%. The new prototype incorporating these changes was tested along side the previous prototype in a two-room passive solar test facility during January through February of 2013. Temperatures were monitored with thermocouples at multiple locations throughout the systems, in each room and outdoors. Insolation was measured by four pyranometers attached to the building. Results showed that the design modifications implemented for the new model increased thermal gains to storage and to the room, and decreased thermal losses to ambient. The load-to-collector ratio for the experiments was 2.7 times lower than for the simulations, which decreased the potential for experimental improvements compared to the simulated improvements. However, average daily peak efficiency for the new system was 85.0%, compared to 80.7% for the previous system. Furthermore, the average storage temperature over the entire testing period for the new model was 13.4% higher than that of the previous model, while the average room temperature over the same period was 24.6% greater for the new system.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Photoemission observation of the formation of Pd(111) surface states (surface resonances) and resonant d levels for Pd overlayers on Nb

Photoemission indicates that the formation of the surface states (surface resonances) on the (111) face of ultrathin Pd overlayers on a recrystallized Nb foil commences with the deposition of the third atomic layer and is completely established at the full fourth layer. It also shows the formation of two resonant $d$ states at submonolayer coverages, corresponding to the interaction of Pd $d$ levels with the Nb bulk bands and to the Pd bulk $d$-band resonance, respectively.
Feasibility of form accuracy identification and control in cylindrical grinding

Abstract A compensatory control system for a moderately accurate cylindrical grinding machine was simulated to investigate the amount of possible improvement of the workpiece roundness for a plunge cylindrical chuck grinding operation. Parametric transfer functions of the drive system of the compensatory controller and of form accuracy were identified by employing an autoregressive moving average vector modeling methodology. It has been shown that the workpiece roundness can be improved up to 90 per cent by compensating the work spindle radial error motion at the grinding position.
Bovine papilloma virus: presence of virus-specific DNA sequences in naturally occurring equine tumors

Abstract Four of five spontaneous benign equine connective tissue tumors of unknown etiology and a bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-induced equine tumor contained BPV-specific DNA sequences as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization of DNA from tumors with BPV DNA labeled in vitro. Analysis of the kinetics of reassociation indicated that 20-75% of the BPV genome was present in the various tumors. The number of partial BPV genome equivalents ranged from 60 to 500 copies per diploid quantity of cellular DNA. Thermal denaturation profiles of duplexes formed between labeled BPV DNA and DNA from tumor cells indicated two tumors contained viral DNA with base sequences identical to BPV DNA. Three tumors (including DNA from the BPV-induced tumor) contained BPV-related DNA sequences that were less thermally stable. The decrease in thermal denaturation temperature may be due to the presence of (adenine + thymine)-rich regions of the BPV genome in the tumor cells.
Constrained-neural-network architectures for target recognition

This paper describes several different types of constraints that can be placed on multilayered feedforward neural networks which are used for automatic target recognition (ATR). We show how unconstrained networks are likely to give poor generalization on the ATR problem. We also show how the ATR problem requires a special type of classifier called a one-class classifier. The network constraints come in two forms: architectural constraints and learning constraints. Some of the constraints are used to improve generalization, while others are incorporated so that the network will be forced to perform one-class classification. 14 refs
Effect of substance P and receptor antagonists on secretion of lingual lipase and amylase from rat von Ebner's gland.

Abstract Field, R. B., S. J. Chirtel and R. S. Redman. Effect of substance P and receptor antagonists on secretion of lingual lipase and amylase from rat von Ebner's gland. Peptides 18(2) 277–285, 1997.— Substance P (SP, 1 μ M) when incubated with minced von Ebner's glands for 15, 30, and 60 min, stimulated secretion of lingual lipase (12.14%±0.90) and amylase (8.30%±0.42). Only 10 μ M of the SP receptor antagonist CP-96,345 significantly inhibited SP-evoked secretion. d -Pro 2 - d -Phe 7 - d -Trp 9 -SP (Ia), d -Pro 2 - d -Trp 7,9 -SP (Ib), d -Arg 1 - d -Trp 7,9 - d -Leu 11 -SP (Ic), or 1 μ M CP-96,345 were not effective, suggesting that the SP receptor of von Ebner's gland might be an isoform. Propranolol and timolol, β 1 / β 2 -adrenergic receptor antagonists were not effective and the cholinergic receptor antagonist, atropine, was effective in only slightly reducing amylase secretion but not lingual lipase. Differential secretion of the two enzymes was observed for basal and stimulated secretion. Thus, exocytosis may not be the only pathway involved in SP-evoked protein secretion.
The State of Network Research in Public Administration

The wide use of networks warrants a closer examination of network research in public administration. This article focuses on the methodological issues of network research and examines how social ne...
EPI/UCI in Vietnam. A case study of a successful program in child health and survival.

In 1981 Viet Nam began its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) which really expanded after December 1985. The Ministry of Health (MOH) instituted a regular vaccination period each month (day 25 through day 30) and a campaign once a month from October to January. Political leaders from all levels were involved in promoting immunization. Most areas had steering committees. Each committee was responsible for a vaccination area or center. Members of the steering committee of Thai Binh Province each had a part in promoting immunization. For example a Catholic priest mobilized religious leaders to promote immunization among mothers. The Mothers Union representative motivated the Union to conduct health education. The Cultural Information Officer directed cinema mobile teams to show films on health education before the main feature and actors to perform plays addressing immunization. A health center in Thai Binh Province had set a target for a day of immunizing 58 infants for different vaccination stages and of vaccinating 23 pregnant women with the tetanus toxoid. Intensive training for vaccinators espoused the "one child one properly sterilized syringe and needle" procedure since 1988. By March 1989 it was close to reaching its immunization target of 80% of less than 1-year old children. Specifically the MOH claimed final immunization coverage to be 75% for BCG 70% for poliomyelitis and for diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus 66% for measles and 63% of children were fully immunized. A June-July 1989 national immunization coverage survey reported figures to be 80% 67% 71% 69% and 50% respectively. Considerable financial and logistics input beginning in 1990 strengthened the cold chain and supplies resulting in a large increase in immunization coverage of all infants. This increase boosted national immunization coverage from 60% to 80% in just 6 months. Viet Nam one of the poorest countries in the world was able to achieve EPI goals in less than 10 years indicating a remarkable feat.
αvβ6 Integrin Regulates Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation in Alport Mouse

The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-inducible integrin αvβ6 is preferentially expressed at sites of epithelial remodeling and has been shown to bind and activate latent precursor TGF-β. Herein, we show that αvβ6 is overexpressed in human kidney epithelium in membranous glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, IgA nephropathy, Goodpasture's syndrome, and Alport syndrome renal epithelium. To assess the potential regulatory role of αvβ6 in renal disease, we studied the effects of function-blocking αvβ6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and genetic ablation of the β6 subunit on kidney fibrosis in Col4A3 −/− mice, a mouse model of Alport syndrome. Expression of αvβ6 in Alport mouse kidneys was observed primarily in cortical tubular epithelial cells and in correlation with the progression of fibrosis. Treatment with αvβ6-blocking mAbs inhibited accumulation of activated fibroblasts and deposition of interstitial collagen matrix. Similar inhibition of renal fibrosis was observed in β6-deficient Alport mice. Transcript profiling of kidney tissues showed that αvβ6-blocking mAbs significantly inhibited disease-associated changes in expression of fibrotic and inflammatory mediators. Similar patterns of transcript modulation were produced with recombinant soluble TGF-β RII treatment, suggesting shared regulatory functions of αvβ6 and TGF-β. These findings demonstrate that αvβ6 can contribute to the regulation of renal fibrosis and suggest this integrin as a potential therapeutic target.
Justifying Commercialization: Legitimating Discourses and the Rise of American Advertising

This historical discourse analysis examines how various social actors legitimated print advertising from 1800 to 1870. The analysis shows how supporters of advertising overcame ambivalence and host...
Characterization of polyurethane composites manufactured using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites have promising applications in infrastructure, marine, and automotive industries due to their low cost, high specific stiffness/strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. Polyurethane (PU) resin system is widely used as matrix material in glass fiber-reinforced composites due to their superior mechanical behavior and higher impact strength. Glass fiber-reinforced PU composites are often manufactured using pultrusion process, due to shorter pot life of PU resin system. In this study, E-glass/PU composites are manufactured using a low-cost vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. A novel, one-part PU thermoset resin system with a longer pot life is adopted in this study. Tensile, flexure, and impact tests are conducted on both the thermoset PU neat resin system and E-glass/PU composites. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed in a commercial finite element code to simulate the impact behavior of E-glass/PU composite for three different ene...
The MIDI Sequencer/Sound Module as a Critical Listening Device

Traditional playback media do not permit students to tailor the playback of music examples to any significant degree. This lack of adaptability has made it very inconvenient for students to listen critically to brief music examples assigned for close aural study. A recently-introduced piece of MIDI hardware called a sequencer/sound module offers many possibilities for instructors to design software to support college-level courses requiring traditional music analysis and critical listening. This hardware was originally introduced to support performance instruction to allow students to capture their performances and hear them played back. However, the sophistication of these units makes them valuable for supporting more complex instructional applications. This article describes three applications where use of the sequencer/sound module was extended to support three non-performance learning activities: music dictation, harmonic error detection, and aural comparisons of historical tuning systems. Each applic...
Effects of pCai and pHi on cell-to-cell coupling.

Internal longitudinal resistance (ri), a determinant of cardiac conduction, is affected by changes in intracellular calcium and protons. However, the role and mechanism by which H+ and Ca2+ may modulate ri is uncertain. Cable analysis was performed in cardiac Purkinje fibers to measure ri during various interventions. In some experiments, intracellular pH (pHi) was recorded simultaneously to study the pHi-ri relation. Both intracellular Ca2+ and H+ independently modified ri. However, internal resistance of cardiac fibers was insensitive to pHi changes compared to other tissues. A latent period preceded the pHi-related changes in ri and the amount of change depended upon methodology. The results suggest that direct action of protons on ri may be subordinate to other regulatory processes. Ionic regulation of internal longitudinal resistance may occur by more than one mechanism: i) direct cationic binding to sites on junctional membrane proteins; and ii) H+- or Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of junctional proteins.
Factor substitution, ex ante and ex post

Abstract The amount of labor used per unit of capital stock (or investment) can be varied by any one of four quite different mechanisms. Two of these – changes in crew size and in capital utilization – are variable even ex post . These mechanisms are systemmatically related and all induce factor substitution in the same (neoclassical) direction with a change in relative factor prices. The conditions necessary to support the view that ‘factor prices don't matter’ are shown to be terribly stringent.
Bright, Coherent, Ultrafast Soft X-Ray Harmonics Spanning the Water Window from a Tabletop Light Source

We demonstrate fully phase-matched high harmonic emission spanning the water window spectral region important for nano- and bioimaging and a breadth of materials and molecular dynamics studies. We also generate the broadest bright coherent bandwidth (� 300 eV) to date from any light source, small or large, that is consistent with a single subfemtosecond burst. The harmonic photon flux at 0.5 keV is 10 3 higher than demonstrated previously. This work extends bright, spatially coherent, attosecond pulses into the soft x-ray region for the first time.
Enhanced CS2 Model for Large Strain Consolidation

AbstractSince original publication in 1997, the CS2 numerical model has been widely used for consolidation analysis and has formed the basis for several more advanced consolidation models. In this paper, an enhanced version of the CS2 model is presented along with simulations to illustrate its new capabilities. The algorithm includes features of the original model with the addition of time-dependent loading, an external hydraulic gradient, and unload/reload effects. Verification checks show excellent agreement with analytical solutions for time-dependent loading under small strain conditions. A variety of numerical examples indicates that the new capabilities describe important considerations for consolidation analysis. The simulations also indicate that failure to correctly account for compressibility and hydraulic conductivity constitutive relationships and self-weight of the soil in particular can lead to significant errors.
SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF TETRAZOLE-GROUP 13 COMPLEXES

Abstract The combination of 5-phenyl-1-H-tetrazole (tet) with A1R3 in stoichiometries of 1–3 leads to the compounds [(tet)A1R2]n R = Me (1), Et (2), iBu (3), [(tet)2A1Me]n (4), and [(tet)3Al]n (5). The addition of pyridine to 1 leads to a soluble compound with the formulation, [(tet)A1Me2-pyridine]n (6). Likewise the addition of AlMe3 to 1 and 4 leads to the products [(tet)AlMe2-AlMe3]2 (7) and [(tet)2AlMe-AlMe3]n (8). The compounds were characterized by standard techniques and, in the case of 7 by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 were examined (unsuccessfully) as potential unimolecular precursors to aluminum nitride.
Interstate Variations in Private Sector Union Density in the U.S.

This paper uses union density variations across state and state-industry cells in 1985, 1995, and 2005 to examine the factors that contributed to the decline in private sector unionization in the U.S. In addition to the conventional variables, it develops two measures to gauge the effects of union-management strife. Estimations indicate that union density varied directly with union organizing efforts and inversely with the employer opposition to unionization. Decomposition analysis reveals, how- ever, that these variables do not explain why union density declined because changes in their marginal effects were favorable to unionization. Declining union density instead is attributable mostly to the shift factors subsumed under the intercept term over 1985-1995, and shift factors cum negative changes in sensitivity of unionization to workforce characteristics over 1995-2005.
Search for Excited and Exotic Electrons at the Collider Detector at Fermilab

The first search at a hadron collider for the production of excited and exotic electrons in association with a positron is presented. The excited electron decays to an electron and a photon with high transverse momentum yielding an electron+positron+photon final state signature. The search uses 202 pb-1 of data collected in collisions at with the CDF II detector during 2001-2003. No excess of dielectron+photon events is observed. We present the e* sensitivity in the parameter space of the excited electron mass and the compositeness energy scale for both a gauge mediated and contact interaction model.
Creel Survey Methods to Assess Catch, Loss, and Capture Frequency of White Sturgeon in the Snake River, Idaho

Abstract Mandatory catch-and-release regulations for white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus have been used to protect small populations from excessive fishing-related mortality. However, these regulations only remain effective if the combined magnitude of capture and probability of mortality per capture remains at some unknown, relatively low level. We conducted a roving-access creel survey supplemented with report cards to gather information as a first step in determining whether fishing-related mortality rates are sustainable in one popular Idaho fishery. Survey objectives were to estimate effort, catch rate, loss rate, and to estimate total catch and loss over a 1-year period on the C. J. Strike reach of the Snake River. During May 2007 through April 2008, angler counts indicated that 35,062 h were expended in this reach (89% by bank anglers; 11% by boat anglers). Catch rate for bank anglers averaged 0.048 ± 0.004 fish/h (mean ± 90% confidence interval), whereas loss rate averaged 0.064 ± 0.004 fish/h....
Spatial dependency of segregation indices

A few researchers have mentioned the scale sensitivity of segregation index, D. In this paper, I discuss analytically and empirically why using large enumeration areal units usually results in low segregation measures, and using small areal units produces relatively high segregation measures. The discussion is also applicable to the multi-group variant of D. A major finding is that if people of the same ethnic groups are positively spatially auto-correlated, increasing the size of areal units of analysis may not lower D initially, because only people of the same group are added. But enlarging the areal units subsequently may include population of other ethnic groups, and therefore could lower D. However, if the boundaries of the larger enumeration units are drawn to include only population of the same group, then D will not change significantly. Both the spatial autocorrelation of ethnic group population and zonal pattern are critical factors in determining the scale sensitivity of D.
Fragmentation of a Linoleate-derived γ-Hydroperoxy-α,β-unsaturated Epoxide to γ-Hydroxy- and γ-Oxo-alkenals Involves a Unique Pseudo Symmetrical Diepoxycarbinyl Radical

Many of the pathological effects of lipid peroxidation are mediated by aldehydes generated through fragmentation of lipid peroxides. Among these aldehydes, the γ-hydroxy- and γ-oxo-α,β-alkenals, e.g., 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), are especially prone to modify proteins and DNA through covalent adduction. In addition the “mirror image” γ-hydroxy- and γ-oxo- α,β-alkenal phospholipids, can serve as high affinity ligands for biological receptors triggering pathology. Therefore, the mechanisms by which these aldehydes are generated in vivo are under intense scrutiny. We now report observations supporting the intermediacy of a unique pseudo symmetrical diepoxycarbinyl radical that accounts for the coproduction of HNE, ONE and their “mirror image” analogues 9-hydroxy-12-oxo-dodec-10-enoic acid (HODA), 9-keto-12-oxo-dodec-10-enoic acid (KODA) upon fragmentation of 13-hydroperoxy-cis-9,10-epoxyoctadeca-11-enoic acid (13-HP-Epo-Acid).
Axial-compressor flow distortion with water ingestion

The objective of the investigation is as follows: to establish relations between the steady state mean flow distortion generated during water ingestion into an axial-flow compressor and (a) characteristic length and time scales pertaining to (1) the centrifugal action and (2) the heat and mass transfer processes and (b) aerodynamic parameters based on blade geometry, aspect ratio and blade loading. Analytical and experimental results are presented for a small compressor to illustrate the extent of the distortion introduced as a function of (1) the operating speed and (2) the mass-based water content in the ingested mixture. Methods of scaling the effects in compressors of different sizes are discussed.
Functional Deficits After Intraneural Injection During Interscalene Block

Objective: We present an occurrence of a severe but transient neurologic complication after intraneural injection during an ultrasound-guided interscalene block. Case Report: A 36-year-old man underwent ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blockade before shoulder incision and drainage. On postoperative day 1, he exhibited new-onset arm weakness with dysesthesias. Intraneural injection was recognized based on a retrospective review of the recorded ultrasound imaging. The symptoms persisted for more than 2 weeks and completely resolved by 6 weeks. Conclusions: Our report suggests that intraneural injection during ultrasound-guided interscalene block carries a risk of neurologic complications.
Air pollution assessment of toxic emissions from hazardous waste lagoons and landfills

Abstract The air quality impacts of hazardous waste disposal sites can be assessed on the basis of their contribution to each of the toxic contaminants. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the available methods of air quality assessment and their drawbacks. The need of air quality assessment is to assure that ambient concentrations of specific contaminants resulting from emissions will not exceed the acceptable levels for protection of public health and the ecosystem. Ambient concentrations of toxic contaminants are generally obtained by field measurements or air monitoring. However, field measurements and air monitoring of low-level toxic contaminants are costly and time consuming. As a result, most hazardous waste land disposal sites have not been adequately assessed. This paper describes current regulatory requirements in the United States for air quality assessment of hazardous waste land disposal sites. Emphasis is directed toward air quality assessment methodology. The paper also discusses emission predicting models based on the waste quantity and composition, scientific analysis of the waste conversion process together with meteorological conditions. The emission models are especially useful where emission cannot be reliably monitored or where a new disposal site is proposed.
Application of an Energy-Vorticity Turbulence Model to Fully rough Pipe flow

Based on a more direct analogy between turbulent and molecular transport, a foundation was recently presented for an energy-vorticity turbulence model. The new turbulent-energytransport equation contains two closure coefficients; a viscous-dissipation coefficient and a turbulent-transport coefficient. To help evaluate the closure coefficients and provide insight into the energy-vorticity turbulence variables, fully rough pipe flow is considered. For this fully developed flow, excellent agreement with experimental data for velocity profiles and friction factors is attained over a wide range of closure coefficients, provided that a given relation between the coefficients is maintained.
Stereospecific assignment of β-methylene protons in larger proteins using 3D15N-separated Hartmann-Hahn and13C-separated rotating frame Overhauser spectroscopy

3Jxβ coupling constants and complementary nuclear Overhauser data on the intraresidue C x H−CβH distances form an essential part of the data needed to obtain stereospecific assignments of β-methylene protons in proteins. In this paper we show that information regarding the magnitude of the3Jxβ coupling constants can be extracted from a semi-quantitative interpretation of relative peak intensities in a 3D15N-separated1H−1H Hartmann-Hahn1H−15N multiple quantum coherence (HOHAHA-HMQC) spectrum. In addition, we demonstrate that reliable information on the intraresidue C x H−CβH distances, free of systematic errors arising from spin diffusion, can be obtained from a 3D13C-separated1H−1H rotating frame Overhauser effect1H−13C multiple quantum coherence (ROESY-HMQC) spectrum. The applicability of these experiments to larger proteins is illustrated with respect to interleukin-1β, a protein of 153 residues and 17.4 kDa molecular weight.
Head and neck cancer: from research to therapy and cure

Cumulative findings from many research groups have identified new signaling mechanisms associated with head and neck cancers. We summarize these findings, including discussion of aberrant NOTCH, PI3K, STAT3, immune recognition, oxidative pathway, and regulation of cell cycle and cell death. The genomic landscape of head and neck cancers has been shown to differ depending on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. We discuss studies examining the integration of HPV into genomic regions, as well as the epigenetic alterations that occur in response to HPV infection, and how these may help reveal new biomarker and treatment predictors. The characterization of premalignant lesions is also highlighted, as is evidence indicating that the surgical removal of these lesions is associated with better clinical outcomes. Current surgical methods are also discussed, including several less aggressive approaches such as minimal invasive robotic surgery. While much remains to be done in the fight against head and neck cancer, continued integration of basic research with new treatment options will likely lead to more effective therapeutic strategies directed against this disease.
Is Rereading more Effective than Prereading

This study compares rereading to prereading, asking which is more effective as a means of increasing comprehension in L2 readers. It begins by surveying research on rereading in L1 and L2. In L1 (E...
Reversible compression of HDTV images using median adaptive prediction and arithmetic coding

Methods of compressing HDTV (high-definition television) image sequences are investigated. Best results are achieved by a new combination of median adaptive intraframe prediction and arithmetic coding of the resultant prediction error. Fully reversible compression with low computational complexity is possible. The method has been used to compress the simulated progressive scan HDTV image sequence 'Kiel Harbor' to a rate less than that of an (uncompressed) interlace source. Interlaced HDTV images have been compressed to approximately 55% of their original rate. Intended applications are image storage and full-quality data exchange. >
Indicaciones, técnicas y resultados de reemplazo total de Cadera en Estados Unidos

Resumen Hace 50 anos, Sir John Charnley introdujo la era del reemplazo total de cadera. Sus innovaciones en la fijacion de la protesis con polimetilmetacrilato, el par de friccion de metal/ polietileno, la instrumentacion estandarizada y los quirofanos con aire purificado, revolucionaron los intentos previos a reemplazar caderas con artrosis. En Estados Unidos, los principios y la protesis de Charnley fueron adoptados, investigados y modificados tal como lo ha sido en otros paises. Sin embargo, su tecnica y conceptos basicos siguen estando vigentes y el reemplazo total de cadera es ampliamente considerado uno de los procedimientos quirurgicos mas exitosos en la cirugia ortopedica. Mas de 400.000 reemplazos de cadera son realizados anualmente en los Estados Unidos.
COMPACT AND DIFFUSE DOUBLE LAYER INTERACTION IN UNSUPPORTED SYSTEM SMALL-SIGNAL RESPONSE *

Abstract Previous exact results for the small-signal impedance of an unsupported electrode/material/electrode system which include effects of the finite size of charge carriers are simplified and discussed. The material contains non-recombining charges of opposite sign with the positive one immobile and uniformly distributed. General boundary conditions which encompass the range from no electrode reaction to ohmic electrode behavior are employed. In the presence of an electrode reaction, the interaction of the compact and diffuse double layers leads to considerably more complexity in the equivalent circuit than might appear in simple treatments of the supported case, in which the diffuse double layer capacitance is neglected or the compact double layer and diffuse double layer capacitances are placed in series. Two different approximate equivalent circuits made up of frequency-independent elements are found which yield remarkable agreement with the exact results over the entire frequency range of interest. The first involves the ordinary approximate circuit (OAC) previously found in the absence of compact layer effects plus a series compact layer contribution involving a parallel resonant circuit with quality factor at resonance which may approach unity. Pseudo-inductance effects are found to be extremely significant in this representation. The second approximate equivalent circuit, simpler and almost as accurate as the first, has the same form as the original OAC but with its reaction element values altered by the presence of the compact layer. For non-Butler-Volmer electrode kinetics an upper limit is found for the experimentally determinable apparent reaction rate constant, a feature of practical importance for thin films or membranes. The response of thin films and membranes, including compact layer effects, can very readily be erroneously confused with pure bulk response, yielding entirely incorrect values for the geometrical capacitance and bulk resistance of the material.
Towards Practical Autoconstructive Evolution: Self-Evolution of Problem-Solving Genetic Programming Systems

Most genetic programming systems use hard-coded genetic operators that are applied according to user-specified parameters. Because it is unlikely that the provided operators or the default parameters will be ideal for all problems or all program representations, practitioners often devote considerable energy to experimentation with alternatives. Attempts to bring choices about operators and parameters under evolutionary control, through self-adaptative algorithms or meta-genetic programming, have been explored in the literature and have produced interesting results. However, no systems based on such principles have yet been demonstrated to have greater practical problem-solving power than the more-standard alternatives. This chapter explores the prospects for extending the practical power of genetic programming through the refinement of an approach called autoconstructive evolution, in which the algorithms used for the reproduction and variation of evolving programs are encoded in the programs themselves, and are thereby subject to variation and evolution in tandem with their problem-solving components. We present the motivation for the autoconstructive evolution approach, show how it can be instantiated using the Push programming language, summarize previous results with the Pushpop system, outline the more recent AutoPush system, and chart a course for future work focused on the production of practical systems that can solve hard problems.
Modeling and measurements of lead titanate acoustic transducers for input impedance matching development

Lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ) is a popular piezoelectric material for acoustic transducers because of its high electromechanical coupling coefficient. To drive a transducer effectively, its input impedance must match well to the generator output impedance, usually 50Ω. To develop impedance matching technique, an equivalent circuit model is established. PT piezoelectric plates are bonded on bismuth, Lucite and LCP, respectively to form transducers. The input impedance of the transducers is calculated and also measure versus frequency. It is discovered that there are two off-resonant frequencies at which the reactance part of the input impedance is zero, referred to as the zero-crossing frequency. This is possible because of an inherent electrical property of the transducer, the existence of the plate capacitance. The higher zero-crossing frequency is close to the resonant frequency. The input resistance is usually very high. At the lower zero-crossing frequency, the input resistance is close to 50Ω for practical plate sizes. Thus, good impedance matching can be achieved by operating at this frequency. The matching can be fine tuned by adjusting transducer electrode size and controlling the bonding layer thickness. Nearly perfect matching is demonstrated without using any external component. The simulated and measurement response curves versus frequency also show the transducer bandwidth.
The Ontology of Social Structure: A Reply to Hanson

perspective suggested here, the relation between reality and our models of it emerges as very much the same for social science as it is for natural science (see Bunge 1959:95). In both cases, the objective relations we seek to understand exist independently of the analyst, in the behavior of the phenomena under study. The natural or social scientist's job is to make statements about those relations, not to create them.
Some Characteristics of the Sheep Thyroid Gland System for Incorporating Amino Acids Into Protein

The ability of sheep thyroid glands to incorporate the 14C of a variety of amino acids uniformly labeled with 14C into protein was studied in: (a) slices and (b) dispersed cells obtained by the continuous-flow trypsinization technique and cultured as monolayers. In slices, the 14C of the protein formed from valine 14C was located predominantly in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Addition of glucose, pyruvate, succinate or a-ketoglutarate to the incubation medium did not enhance incorporation of leucine-14C into protein by sheep thyroid slices. Thyrotropic hormone, added in vitro, had no effect on incorporation of leucine-14C into protein or on the uptake of 14C of α-amino isobutyric acid-l-14C by thyroid slices. Analysis of N- and C-terminal groups of 14C-proteins isolated from thyroid slices or cells incubated with the 14C-amino acids indicated that the incorporation took place predominantly at the interior sites of the protein molecules. Carbon from aspartate was incorporated into proteins by thy...
A method to calculate steady-state distributions of large Markov chains by aggregating states

This paper develops an efficient iterative algorithm to calculate the steady-state distribution of nearly all irreducible discrete-time Markov chains. Computational experiences suggest that, for large Markovian systems more than 130 states, the proposed algorithm can be ten times faster than standard Gaussian elimination in finding solutions to an accuracy of 0.1%. The proposed algorithm is developed in three stages. First, we develop a very efficient algorithm for determining steady-state distributions of a restricted class of Markovian systems. A second result establishes a relationship between a general irreducible Markovian system and a system in the restricted class of Markovian systems. Finally, we combine the two results to produce an efficient, iterative algorithm to solve Markov systems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the observed performance of the algorithm.
A nemaline myopathy mutation in α-tropomyosin causes defective regulation of striated muscle force production

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal muscle myopathy characterized by severe muscle weakness and the subsequent appearance of nemaline rods within the muscle fibers. Recently, a missense mutation inTPM3, which encodes the slow skeletal α-tropomyosin (αTm), was linked to NM in a large kindred with an autosomal-dominant, childhood-onset form of the disease. We used adenoviral gene transfer to fully differentiated rat adult myocytes in vitro to determine the effects of NM mutant human αTm expression on striated muscle sarcomeric structure and contractile function. The mutant αTm was expressed and incorporated correctly into sarcomeres of adult muscle cells. The primary defect caused by expression of the mutant αTm was a decrease in the sensitivity of contraction to activating Ca2+, which could help explain the hypotonia seen in NM. Interestingly, NM mutant αTm expression did not directly result in nemaline rod formation, which suggests that rod formation is secondary to contractile dysfunction and that load-dependent processes are likely involved in nemaline rod formation in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 104:1575–1581 (1999).