cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linear stability of inverted annular gas-liquid two-phase flow in capillaries

Abstract Linear stability of creeping inverted-annular gas–liquid two-phase flow (liquid core and gaseous annular film) in microtubes, where buoyancy effect is suppressed by surface tension, is addressed. Using a long-wave linear stability solution [Physics of Fluids 14 (1971) 251], the flow field is shown to be linearly unstable for long-wavelength axisymmetric disturbances. The flow field approaches a neutrally stable state as the gas film thickness approaches zero, and instability is enhanced as the phasic velocities are reduced. A two-dimensional linear-stability analysis is also performed in order to examine the stability characteristics at the limit of zero phasic velocities. The analysis leads to a dispersion relation that results in an expression for the neutral wavelength that coincides with the prediction of the Kelvin–Helmholtz stability theory. The neutral and fastest-growing wavelengths are shown to be relatively insensitive to the liquid viscosity.
Cytological and morphological analyses reveal distinct features of intestinal development during Xenopus tropicalis metamorphosis.

Background The formation and/or maturation of adult organs in vertebrates often takes place during postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when thyroid hormone (T3) levels are high. The T3-dependent anuran metamorphosis serves as a model to study postembryonic development. Studies on the remodeling of the intestine during Xenopus (X.) laevis metamorphosis have shown that the development of the adult intestine involves de novo formation of adult stem cells in a process controlled by T3. On the other hand, X. tropicalis, highly related to X. laevis, offers a number of advantages for studying developmental mechanisms, especially at genome-wide level, over X. laevis, largely due to its shorter life cycle and sequenced genome. To establish X. tropicalis intestinal metamorphosis as a model for adult organogenesis, we analyzed the morphological and cytological changes in X. tropicalis intestine during metamorphosis.
Influence of mineral dusts on metabolism of arachidonic acid by alveolar macrophage.

The alveolar macrophage (AM) responds to stimuli such as coal mine dust by releasing inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and eicosanoids. Eicosanoids ...
Technical Note Engineering Soils Maps

For many applications, ‘engineering soils maps' may be preferable to comprehensive engineering geology maps. Engineering soils maps, which focus on soil thickness, soil type, and soil engineering properties, may be more expedient to develop than maps that include details on rock properties, geomorphology, and geologic hazards. These details are a critical component of the input offered by engineering geologists, but for many smaller sites, they may be summarized as caveats in the text while the map concentrates on issues of more immediate application to engineering design. A technique to prepare engineering soils maps has been developed that is visually simple and uncluttered and that uses an extensive, standardized database. In this technique, rose-pie charts provide an overall assessment of soils hazards and capabilities. Data and base maps come directly from National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, formerly U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]) soil surveys. As many as three levels of six different hazards or engineering characteristics may be shown simultaneously, in addition to shorthand notation that indicates soil thickness and land capability class. The suggested map scales may be appropriate for developments; linear structures such as pipelines, power lines, and roads; and regional evaluations of sources of aggregate, clay, or sand. The authors have successfully used this technique for several years as a teaching tool for undergraduates (Santi and Gregg, 1999). It should be recognized that the NRCS maps were developed as a tool for agronomists, rather than geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists. Their use is therefore most beneficial as a tool to plan geotechnical investigations, not to replace them. Engineering geologists should keep in mind several other precautions when translating NRCS soil survey data into geotechnical data:
Magnetic-island formation and destruction in a levitron

The effect of non-axisymmetric perturbations on the magnetic surfaces of a levitron is investigated. A Hamiltonian theory is developed for predicting the formation of both primary and secondary magnetic islands for the main resonances. Numerical calculations are made for a range of levitron parameters and compared with results of the Hamiltonian theory. Good agreement is obtained both for island width and for local rotational transform of the islands. A simple criterion for island destruction and the consequent stochasticity of the field lines agrees well with numerical results. A ring tilt of 0.5 degree is found to destroy the magnetic surfaces in the neighbourhood of the main resonances (i = ?, 2?).
Play behaviour in lowland gorillas: Age differences, sex differences, and possible functions

A study on lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) play behaviour was conducted on four exhibits at three different zoological parks so that 19 gorillas were observed. Juvenile gorillas played the most, but play continued at fairly high frequencies through adolescence. Most social play occurred between dyads. Triadic groups usually chased each other. No sex differences in type of play were observed, but gender differences in partner preferences were observed. Males played with both other males and females, while females seldom played together. These data support the social skills hypothesis (Baldwin & Baldwin, 1974) of play.
Cage Instabilities in Cylindrical Roller Bearings

A six-degree-of-freedom model was developed and used to simulate the motion of all elements in a cylindrical roller bearing. Cage instability has been studied as a function of the roller-race and roller-cage pocket clearances for light-load and high-speed conditions. The effects of variation in inner race speed, misalignment, cage asymmetry, and varying size of one of the rollers have been investigated. In addition, three different roller profiles have been used to study their impact on cage dynamics. The results indicate that the cage exhibits stable motion for small values of roller-race and roller-cage pocket clearances. A rise in instability leads to discrete cage-race collisions with high force magnitudes. Race misalignment leads to a rise in instability for small roller-cage pocket clearances since skew control is provided by the sides of the cage pocket. One roller of larger size than the others causes inner race whirl and leads to stable cage motion for small roller-race clearances without any variation in roller-cage pocket clearance. Cage asymmetry and different roller profiles have a negligible impact on cage motion.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Carbide

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide thin films are prepared by RF sputtering. The amorphous structure of the hydrogenated films and their hydrogen content are ascertained by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The principal reststrahlen band does not shift in frequency but appears to sharpen with the increase in hydrogen concentration. The hydrogen content is estimated by the integrated band intensities of silicon-hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen modes in the infrared absorption. The hydrogen content has a dominant effect on the optical pseudo-gap and the dc conductivity of the amorphous films. A blue shift is observed in the absorption edge with increasing hydrogen content. The dc conductivity of the films is studied in the temperature range of 120 to 400 K. High temperature data yield an activation energy gap which increases significantly with hydrogen content, while the low temperature conductivity is explained by hopping between localized states.
Tragic figures: thoughts on the visual arts and anatomy.

The illustrated anatomical works of Andreas Vesalius, now icons of medical history, exemplified Renaissance humanists' attitudes toward the human condition. Methods of teaching medical students gross anatomy have evolved from the attitudes and methods of Renaissance scientist-scholars. The work of Vesalius is crucial to understanding the revolution in early modern medicine, for not only is it devoted to minute observation and exploration of the human body, but also to translating new knowledge by means of art. In the process of illustration, the cadavers become ennobled, leading the viewer to contemplation of the nature of our common humanity. It is the thesis of this paper that the merging of art and science achieved in the great anatomical studies of the 16th and 17th centuries may still be useful in the education of medical students by allowing a balance between scientific detachment and compassion.
Synthesis and Properties of Photochromic Fluorescing 2-Indolyl Fulgide and Fulgimide Copolymers

We have designed and synthesized new, novel photochromic copolymers composed of photochromic 2-indolyl fulgides or fulgimides and methyl methacrylate. The spectroscopic and photochromic properties of these copolymers have been determined and compared to their liquid solution analogues. The utilization and advantages of these materials for use in optical switching and optical storage devices are discussed.
Bone marrow sinusoidal endothelial cells undergo nonapoptotic cell death and are replaced by proliferating sinusoidal cells in situ to maintain the vascular niche following lethal irradiation.

Objective Bone marrow sinusoids remain predominantly host-derived following bone marrow transplantation. Systematic analysis was conducted at the cellular level to investigate how the host sinusoidal structures survived after lethal irradiation. Materials and Methods Apoptosis and cell proliferation assays were performed on bone marrow sections at various time points during the first 2 weeks postirradiation to study the extent of damage to sinusoidal endothelial cells from lethal irradiation and to determine whether cell proliferation contributes to the recovery of the sinusoidal system. Results Phosphorylated H2AX was present in both hematopoietic and sinusoidal endothelial cells 3 hours after irradiation demonstrating DNA damage. Three days after irradiation, some sinusoidal endothelial cells became terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling –positive, but were caspase-3 and in situ oligo ligation –negative, suggesting nonapoptotic DNA fragmentation. Clusters of sinusoidal endothelial cells that expressed Ki67 appeared 3 days after irradiation, and increased through day 7. These Ki67-positive endothelial cells were host-derived. Bromodeoxyuridine-positive endothelial cells were present in the Ki67-positive areas confirming endothelial cell replication. Twenty percent of the sinusoidal endothelial cells were lost by day 3 after irradiation. The total number of endothelial cells remained relatively unchanged between day 3 and day 14. These results demonstrate that lethal irradiation resulted in limited, nonapoptotic sinusoidal endothelial cell loss, followed by proliferation of preexisting host-derived mature sinusoidal endothelial cells. Our data suggest that DNA repair mechanisms and proliferation of host endothelial cells within the sinusoids are involved in maintenance of the structural integrity of the bone marrow vascular niche following lethal irradiation.
Ethanol intake as a function of concentration during food deprivation and satiation.

Abstract Ethanol intake and responding of 6 male albino rats were measured at concentrations of 0 (water control) 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32% (W/V) during daily 1-hr sessions in operant conditioning chambers. The rats were run first food deprived (80% of free-feeding weight) and then food satiated (free access to food in home cages). Ethanol intake was greater when the rats were food deprived, but under both food conditions: (1) ethanol intake exceeded that of water at all concentrations, (2) quantity (mg) consumed increased with the concentration, and (3) the highest rate of responding occured at the beginning of the session. In a second experiment, fixed-ratio responding maintained by contingent presentation of 32% (W/V) ethanol exceeded water control responding. This finding strengthened the conclusion that this concentration can serve as a reinforcer for the food-satiated rat.
The evolution of scaling from the homogeneous era to the heterogeneous era

Traditional MOSFET scaling served our industry well for more than three decades by providing continuous improvements in transistor performance, power and cost. This was the era of homogeneous scaling where similar materials and device structures were scaled from generation to generation and served a wide range of integrated circuits from memory to logic applications. Traditional scaling ran out of steam in the early 2000s due mainly to the inability to further scale the SiO 2 gate oxide and this ushered in the beginning of the heterogeneous era where new materials and new device structures are being continually introduced to deliver the expected benefits of scaling. Going forward, an ever wider range of device types will be needed and the challenge we face is how to identify, develop and manufacture these revolutionary devices, and also how to integrate heterogeneous devices into compelling products.
Automated trade execution and trading activity: The case of the Vancouver stock exchange

Abstract This study examines the effect of the adoption of an automated trading system for equity trading on the Vancouver Stock Exchange (VSE). We find that the VSE's automation of its order processing has a positive influence on its trading activity, with market liquidity increasing in the post-automation period. We find, however, no evidence to support the contention that automation of securities trading destabilizes the market by increasing its volatility. Our empirical results confirm the existence of a weak weekend effect as well as a significant January effect. We also find that the serial correlation structure of returns is essentially stationary compared across the pre-and post-automation periods. We conclude that automation of the VSE has increased the transparency of the market and consequently will enhance the level of investor participation and confidence in it.
Medical Castration of Males with Megestrol Acetate and Small Doses of Diethylstilbestrol

An alternative program for medical castration for treatment of prostate cancer has been developed using a progestational antiandrogen, megestrol acetate (MA), in combination with small doses of diethylstilbestrol (DES; 0.1 mg/day). The administration of MA (40–80 mg/day) with 0.1 mg DES to nine patients resulted in castrate levels of plasma testosterone (<0.4 ng/ml) and significant suppression of both FSH and LH (P < 0.05) for up to 12 months. Although large clinical trials must ultimately establish its safety, clinical side effects of this combined therapy to date have consisted of mild gynecomastia in two patients. The symptoms did not necessitatediscontinuing the medications. It is concluded that the use of 0.1 mg DES with a minimum of 40 mg/day MA results in medical castration with sustained suppression of plasmatestosterone. Because of the possible additional therapeutic advantage of blockade of intracellular androgen-mediated action by MA in androgen-dependent tumors, this combined therapy should be...
Isotopic and gross fecal analysis of American black bear scats

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis (SIA) of feces for use in understanding dietary components and sources. These studies suggest that SIA is useful because it is noninvasive and provides more recent dietary information integrated over a shorter time period than SIA of tissues. We sought to determine whether SIA could be employed in the analysis of feces of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Utah. Using archived feces, we compared SIA with gross fecal analyses (GFA) to determine if a relationship existed. The percent volume of grass and pine nuts were the only significant indicators of the δ13C of feces. The amount of animal matter was the sole significant indicator of the δ15N value of feces. Although these measures were only weakly indicative (R2 ≤ 0.21), it is interesting that even in an environment that is isotopically homogenous, δ15N and δ13C provided information on the contribution of dietary components. The comparatively ...
Erratum to: Universal multifunctional HD video system for minimally invasive, open and microsurgery

The online version of the original article can be found under doi:10.1007/s00464-012-2552-5.N. N. Nissen (&) V. G. Menon S. D. ColquhounLiver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department ofSurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 W Third Street,Suite 590W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USAe-mail: nicholas.nissen@cshs.orgJ. Williams G. BerciMinimally Invasive Surgery Research Division, Department ofSurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048,USA
The Seduction of Best Practice Commentary on “Taking Strategy Seriously”

Recent spectacular failures of many companies that had previously been held up as icons to emulate have called into question the use of best practice exemplars in strategic management. In this comm...
Interaction of Tillage System and Irrigation Amount on Peanut Performance in the Southeastern U.S

Abstract A five-year study to investigate the potential interaction of conservation tillage with reduced irrigation amounts was conducted near Dawson, GA on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Conventional tillage was compared to two conservation tillage programs (wide-strip and narrow-strip tillage) under four irrigation levels (100, 66, 33, and 0% of a recommended amount). Peanut yield did not exhibit a tillage by irrigation interaction as expected, although the main effects of irrigation and tillage were each significant by year due to weather variations. Peanut yield in narrow-strip tillage or wide-strip tillage were individually superior to conventional tillage in three seasons out of five, however only in one year did both conservation tillage systems outperform the conventional system. No detrimental effects on yields could be attributed to conservation tillage. Peanut quality and digging loss were dependent on the tillage by year effect as well as the main effect of irrigation. Irrigation increased tota...
Isolation and partial characterization of the amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions associated with infections caused by two potyviruses.

Abstract The potyviruses pepper mottle (PeMV) and watermelon mosaic virus-1, a strain of papaya ringspot (PRSV-W), induce the formation of a second type of cytoplasmic inclusion in addition to cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusions. The conspicuous aggregates of electron-dense material with imperfect spherical shapes have been called amorphous inclusions (AI). The AI were isolated from extracts of infected tissue using a combination of clarification with Triton X-100 and low-speed centrifugations through sucrose cushions. Electrophoresis, in sodium dodecyl sulfate-permeated polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE), of the SDS-dissociated AI revealed a single constituent protein with a molecular weight of 51,000. SDS-PAGE-purified AI proteins were immunogenic and serologically unrelated to proteins of host, capsid, cylindrical inclusions, and tobacco etch virus nuclear inclusions. The AI protein of PeMV was distinct from the AI protein of PRSV-W on the basis of peptide analysis and serological tests. The antisera prepared to SDS-PAGE-purified AI proteins reacted specifically with Alin situ in immunofluorescence tests. The characteristics of the AI indicate that they are of viral origin.
Sex‐role Behaviour and Leadership: An Empirical Investigation

Female nursing supervisors and subordinate nurses in an American hospital were given questionnaires to see if there was a link between sex‐role behaviour and leadership style. It is concluded that a form of job stereotyping exists, since individuals in supervisory positions are perceived by others as being less feminine, simply because they hold that position.
Can digalactosyldiacylglycerol substitute for phosphatidylcholine upon phosphate deprivation in leaves and roots of Arabidopsis

To explore the role of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) in plants the dgd1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was grown in the presence and absence of inorganic phosphate. Phosphate deficiency in the dgd1 mutant causes a strong decrease in all phospholipids accompanied by an increase in DGDG and sulpholipid. Moreover, a significant DGDG accumulation was found in roots upon phosphate deprivation as well. Our data indicate that DGDG accumulation upon phosphate deprivation is due to the activation of a specific eukaryotic dgd1-independent biosynthetic pathway. We propose that DGDG may substitute for phosphatidylcholine upon phosphate deprivation.
Cardiac Steatosis and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Generalized Lipodystrophy as Determined by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Generalized lipodystrophy is a rare disorder characterized by marked loss of adipose tissue with reduced triglyceride storage capacity, leading to a severe form of metabolic syndrome including hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hepatic steatosis. Recent echocardiographic studies suggest that concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is another characteristic feature of this syndrome, but the mechanism remains unknown. It has recently been hypothesized that the LV hypertrophy could be an extreme clinical example of "lipotoxic cardiomyopathy": excessive myocyte accumulation of triglyceride leading to adverse hypertrophic signaling. To test this hypothesis, the first cardiac magnetic resonance study of patients with generalized lipodystrophy was performed, using magnetic resonance imaging and localized proton spectroscopy to detect excessive triglyceride content in the hypertrophied myocytes. Six patients with generalized lipodystrophy and 6 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index were studied. As hypothesized, myocardial triglyceride content was threefold higher in patients than controls: 0.6 ± 0.2% versus 0.2 ± 0.1% (p = 0.004). The presence of pericardial fat was also found, representing a previously undescribed adipose depot in generalized lipodystrophy. Patients with generalized lipodystrophy, compared with controls, also had a striking degree of concentric LV hypertrophy, independent of blood pressure: LV mass index 101.0 ± 18.3 versus 69.0 ± 17.7 g/m 2 , respectively (p = 0.02), and LV concentricity 1.3 ± 0.3 versus 0.99 ± 0.1 g/ml, respectively (p = 0.04). In conclusion, these findings advance the lipotoxicity hypothesis as a putative underlying mechanism for the dramatic concentric LV hypertrophy found in generalized lipodystrophy.
Does hostile neck anatomy preclude successful endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Abstract Objectives Poor outcomes have been reported with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with hostile neck anatomy. Unsupported endografts with active fixation may offer certain advantages in this situation. We compared EVAR results using the Ancure (Guidant) endograft in patients with and without hostile neck anatomy. Methods Records of EVAR patients from October 1999 to July 2002 at a tertiary care hospital were retrospectively reviewed from a division database. Patients with elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair during the same period were reviewed to determine those unsuitable for EVAR. Hostile neck anatomy, assessed by computer tomography (CT) scans and angiograms, was defined as one or more of the following: (1) neck length ≤10 mm, (2) focal bulge in the neck >3 mm, (3) >2-mm reverse taper within 1 cm below the renal arteries, (4) neck thrombus ≥50% of circumference, and (5) angulation ≥60 degrees within 3 cm below renals. Results Three hundred and twenty-two patients underwent EVAR with an average follow-up of 18 months. Patients in Phase II trials (n = 41), repaired with other graft types (n = 48), or without complete anatomic records (n = 27) were excluded. Demographics and co-morbidities were similar in the 115 good-neck (GN) and 91 bad-neck (BN) patients except for age (mean, 72.9 years GN vs 75.7 BN; P = 0.13), gender (11% female GN vs 22% BN; P =.04); neck length (mean, 21.8 mm GN vs 14.4 mm BN: P P Conclusions Unsupported endografts with active fixation can yield excellent results in treating many medically compromised patients with hostile neck anatomy. Nonetheless, an unsuitable neck remains the most frequent cause for open abdominal AAA.
Calculation of proton transfers in Bacteriorhodopsin bR and M intermediates.

Residue ionization states were calculated in nine crystal structures of bacteriorhodopsin trapped in bR, early M, and late M states by multiconformation continuum electrostatics. This combines continuum electrostatics and molecular mechanics, deriving equilibrium distributions of ionization states and polar residue and water positions. The three central cluster groups [retinal Schiff base (SB), Asp 85 and Asp 212] are ionized in bR structures while a proton has transferred from SB+ to Asp 85- in late M structures matching experimental results. The proton shift in M is due to weaker SB+-ionized acid and more favorable SB0-ionized acid interactions following retinal isomerization. The proton release cluster (Glu 194 and Glu 204) binds one proton in bR, which is lost to water by pH 8 in late M. In bR the half-ionized state is stabilized by charge−dipole interactions while full ionization is disallowed by charge−charge repulsion between the closely spaced acids. In M the acids move apart, permitting full ioni...
Multilocus phylogeography of Australian teals (Anas spp.): a case study of the relationship between vagility and genetic structure

Biogeographic barriers potentially restrict gene flow but variation in dispersal or vagility can influence the effectiveness of these barriers among different species and produce characteristic patterns of population genetic structure. The objective of this study was to investigate interspecific and intraspecific genetic structure in two closely related species that differ in several life-history characteristics. The grey teal Anas gracilis is geographically widespread throughout Australia with a distribution that crosses several recognized biogeographic barriers. This species has high vagility as its extensive movements track broad-scale patterns in rainfall. In contrast, the closely related chestnut teal A. castanea is endemic to the mesic southeastern and southwestern regions of Australia and is more sedentary. We hypothesized that these differences in life-history characteristics would result in more pronounced population structuring in the chestnut teal. We sequenced five nuclear loci (nuDNA) for 49 grey teal and 23 chestnut teal and compared results to published mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. We used analysis of molecular variance to examine population structure, and applied coalescent based approaches to estimate demographic parameters. As predicted, chestnut teal were more strongly structured at both mtDNA and nuDNA (ΦST= 0.163 and 0.054, respectively) than were grey teal (ΦST < 0.0001 for both sets of loci). Surprisingly, a greater proportion of the total genetic variation was partitioned among populations within species (ΦSC= 0.014 and 0.047 for nuDNA and mtDNA, respectively) than between the two species (ΦCT < 0.0001 for both loci). The ‘Isolation with Migration’ coalescent model suggested a late Pleistocene divergence between the taxa, but remarkably, a deeper divergence between the southeastern and southwestern populations of chestnut teal. We conclude that dispersal potential played a prominent role in the structuring of populations within these species and that divergent selection associated with ecology and life history traits likely contributed to rapid and recent speciation in this pair.
Model-based signal enhancement for the Hudson Canyon experiment

Model-based signal processing is a well-defined methodology enabling the inclusion of environmental (propagation) models, measurement (sensor arrays) models, and noise (shipping, measurement) models into a sophisticated processing algorithm. Here we investigate the design of a space-varying, nonstationary, model-based processor (MBP) for the Hudson Canyon experiment. In this shallow water application, a state space representation of the normal mode propagation model is used. The processor is designed such that it allows in situ recursive estimation of the both the pressure field and modal functions. It is shown that the MBP can be effectively utilized to "validate" the performance of the model on noisy ocean acoustic data. In fact, a set of processors is designed, one for each source range, and the results are reasonable, implying that the propagation model with measured parameters adequately represents the data.
Achieving rapid service deployment in an academic environment

Rapid product or service deployment is most commonly thought of in the corporate, rather than academic, environment. Utilizing a rapid deployment process and a number of highly dedicated team members, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign deployed a new email system for approximately 10,000 users in 2 months after delivery during 2002. We were able to do this without the large influx of additional personnel often seen in corporate deployment projects. Before the deployment, we developed and tested auxiliary software needed to support the email system. Utilizing the assistance of vendor-supplied professional services, user accounts and user data were migrated from the legacy email system to the new email system. One of the keys to the success of this rapid implementation was use of the implementation timeline as one of the criteria for the selection of the new email system.Such factors as working the timeline into the decision process and partnering with vendors are applicable to other projects as well. The paper will provide guidelines for application of the rapid deployment process for other projects and institutions. In addition to identifying benefits of the rapid deployment process, this paper will discuss weaknesses in the process, as well as process improvements that will be made for future rapid deployments. Also addressed will be planned deployment of the new email system for an additional 40,000 users on our campus, in light of lessons learned in the initial deployment.
Use of replicating oncolytic adenoviruses in combination therapy for cancer

Oncolytic virotherapy is the use of genetically engineered viruses that specifically target and destroy tumor cells via their cytolytic replication cycle. Viral-mediated tumor destruction is propagated through infection of nearby tumor cells by the newly released progeny. Each cycle should amplify the number of oncolytic viruses available for infection. Our understanding of the life cycles of cytolytic viruses has allowed manipulation of their genome to selectively kill tumor cells over normal tissue. Because the mechanism of tumor destruction is different, oncolytic virotherapy should work synergistically with current modes of treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This article focuses on oncolytic adenoviruses that have been created and tested in preclinical and clinical trials in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and gene therapy.
Extreme stability of Tyr-MIF-1 in CSF

Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2), an endogenous brain peptide, was incubated at 37°C in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from rats and the amount remaining in intact form determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By 3 min, a time at which Tyr-MIF-1 had been considerably degraded by rat plasma, essentially no degradation of the tetrapeptide had occurred in CSF. Tyr-MIF-1 persisted in mainly intact form for the 8 days tested, with a calculated half-time degradation of 11.4 days. The simultaneous addition to CSF of equal amounts of Tyr-MIF-1 tritiated on the Tyr and Tyr-MIF-1 tritiated on the Pro facilitated determination of whether Tyr-MIF-1 serves as a precursor of MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) in CSF. This possibility was excluded by the findings that the primary metabolite was Tyr-Pro, with minimal and equal amounts of the free amino acids Pro and Tyr being formed, but no MIF-1. The results show the extreme stability of Tyr-MIF-1 in CSF and are consistent with a role for this peptide in the CNS.
Tissue distribution and retention of cadmium in rats during postnatal development: minimal role of hepatic metallothionein.

Abstract Since liver concentration of metallothionein in 4-day-old rats is 20 times greater than that in 70-day-old adults, experiments were performed to determine whether the high concentration of metallothionein in the liver of newborn rats results in a greater distribution of cadmium to the liver and in subsequent lower concentration of cadmium in other tissues of the newborn in comparison to the adult, and if the retention of cadmium in the various tissues is affected. The concentration of cadmium in the liver of 4-day-old rats was only 30% higher than that in adult rats 2 hr after administration (1 mg/kg, iv). Even though there is no age difference in the renal concentration of metallothionein, the initial concentration of cadmium in the kidney of 4-day-old rats was half that in adult rats. However, cadmium was three to six times more concentrated, 2 hr after cadmium administration, in the spleen, bone, brain, testes, and muscle of newborn than in adult rats. Over a 19-day period, cadmium was similarly retained in the liver, kidney, and lung of newborn and adult rats, but the rate of cadmium elimination was higher from the heart and lower from the testes of newborn rats when compared to adults. These results indicate that metallothionein does not appear to play a major role in the tissue distribution and tissue retention of cadmium. The higher concentration of cadmium in some target organs, such as testes, kidneys, and lungs, of the newborn rat may have significant toxicological implications.
Highly unidirectional Y-junction-coupled S-section InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot ring lasers

Fabrication and characterization of Y-junction-coupled S-section InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot ring lasers with low threshold current density and high unidirectionality is reported. The new design suppresses unwanted counterpropagating modes more effectively than in the previous S-section-racetrack devices.
Conceptual Domains and the Acquisition of Metaphor

This article explores how increasing knowledge in conceptual domains influences the development of metaphor. Two areas of prior research motivated the current study: The notion that many metaphors involve the juxtaposition of conceptual domains rather than merely the terms explicitly used in the metaphor, and the suggestion that historically, once one novel metaphorical relation is made between two domains, shortly thereafter several other metaphorical relations between those domains will also be used. Children at grades K, 2, and 4 were assessed for their ability to comprehend metaphors between eight different pairs of conceptual domains. The ability to comprehend metaphors emerged roughly at the same time for terms within the same pairs of fields and often at very different times for metaphors from different fields, suggesting that metaphor ability develops on a domain-by-domain basis and as a function of the richness of knowledge in the two domains that are juxtaposed in metaphor.
Age, machismo, and the drinking locations of drunken drivers: A research note

Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcoholic beverages continues to be one of our nation's most serious social problems despite massive efforts to identify effective countermeasures. The high alcohol‐related motor‐vehicle‐crash death rate among the young is particularly alarming. This paper examines the frequency with which convicted DUI offenders drink in seven different types of drinking places, compares the drinking locations of younger and older offenders, and speculates that machismo or the desire among young males to demonstrate their masculinity has a major impact on both drinking locations and motor‐vehicle‐crash death rates. The analysis finds that the younger offenders tend to drink in a variety of away‐from‐home locations; but after age 25 the frequency of drinking in all types of places except one's own home decreases, and the home emerges as the most important drinking location for the older offenders. The findings suggest that automobiles and parking lots may be drinking settings which are...
Flow cytometric analysis of porcine preadipocytes

In this report, conditions have been established for utilizing monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence activated flow cytometry in studying antigen expression by primary porcine stromal-vascular cells cultured under various conditions. Single cells were isolated from cultures maintained in DME/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2% pig serum, and containing 2% pig serum and 10 nM dexamethasone supplemented with growth hormone (GH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the proportion of cells expressing detectable levels of the AD-1 cell surface antigen was greater in cultures supplemented with 2% pig serum and 10nM dexamethasone than in other media. In cultures, GH, TNF-α and TGF-β each inhibited lipid deposition, whereas TNF-α and TGF-β, but not GH, inhibited AD-1 antigen expression. Inhibition of lipid deposition as well as antigen expression by TNF-α and TGF-β was reversible, but inhibition of cluster formation by GH was not reversed upon removal from cultures. In summary, differential effects of factors on surface antigen expression by preadipocytes are detectable by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies produced against key developmentally regulated cell surface antigens is potentially a powerful analytical approach to the study of adipocyte development.
Technology Education Teaching Strategies for Diverse Population

Abstract This article discusses the role of technology education in a multicultural society, and focuses on the multicultural distribution patterns in the U.S. The various ways that educators can help to enhance and transform the experiences of increasingly complex modern day classrooms through technology are identified. Various pedagogical approaches that can be used to empower special needs of diverse population are discussed. The salient features are the ten classifications of the technology education teaching strategies. The article concludes with the future trends of technology education in a multicultural society.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA synthesis requires the product of the UL8 gene: isolation and characterization of an ICP6::lacZ insertion mutation.

Abstract We investigated the role of the herpes simplex virus type 1 UL8 gene product in viral DNA replication. First, we unambiguously fine mapped the mutation in tsS38 (complementation group 1-26) to an open reading frame, designated UL8, predicted to encode an 80-kilodalton protein. Previous studies indicated that tsS38 was capable of synthesizing low to moderate levels of viral DNA at the nonpermissive temperature (C. T. Chu, D. S. Parris, R. A. F. Dixon, F. E. Farber, and P. A. Schaffer, Virology 98:168-181, 1979); thus, it was not clear whether the UL8 gene product is essential for viral DNA synthesis. Therefore, a deletion-insertion mutation was constructed in the UL8 gene by removing most of its coding sequences and replacing them with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under control of the viral ICP6 regulatory signals. The resulting recombinant, hr80, was propagated in helper cells (S22) which express the wild-type version of the UL8 gene, but was incapable of forming plaques in Vero cells. Furthermore, hr80 was totally defective in the synthesis of viral DNA and late proteins under nonpermissive growth conditions. These results demonstrated that the UL8 gene product is essential for viral DNA synthesis.
Folded loop antenna for mobile communication systems

There has been tremendous world-wide activity aimed at developing mobile communication systems. The growing market demand generates interest in the performance of compact antenna structures mounted on portable devices. Some of the desired features for these antennas include low profile geometry, ease of construction, low cost, attractive appearance, and omnidirectional radiation pattern on the azimuthal plane. This paper presents the radiation characteristics of a new antenna, the folded loop mounted vertically on a conducting box with and without a dielectric coating, to simulate a handheld portable telephone. The radiation patterns and input impedance are determined by computer simulations based upon the FDTD and verified with measurements and computations performed using NEC.
Vocabulary Instruction Through Books Read in American Sign Language for English-Language Learners With Hearing Loss

Reading to children improves vocabulary acquisition through incidental exposure, and it is a best practice for parents and teachers of children who can hear. Children who are deaf or hard of hearin...
Models Among the Political Theorists

Political theorists rely on models in ways that typically are neglected. They do so for largely the same reasons other political scientists do. Those reasons have little to do with the standard rationale political scientists advance, namely, that they use models to deduce predictions that, treated as hypotheses, can be tested against the �real world.� Starting from Thomas Schelling's view of models, I show how John Rawls and Michel Foucault each rely on a model in ways that conform to his characterization. I then draw a comparison between Isaiah Berlin and Kenneth Arrow to illuminate the value of formalization. I conclude by sketching a view of models not as devices for making predictions but as tools for conceptual exploration. On that basis, I argue that the standard rationale turns out to be deeply problematic.
Brownian dynamics simulation of magnetic colloid aggregation

We have done simulations of aggregation of magnetic colloids at relatively high solids fraction, using new high-efficiency algorithms to deal with the long-range magnetic forces. We have included the effects of viscous damping on both translational and rotational motions. We have calculated bond-angle statistics that give information about the short-range structure of flocculated dispersions which will influence the rheological and magnetic properties.
Study design to develop and pilot-test a web intervention for partners of military service members with alcohol misuse.

Alcohol misuse among military service members from the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan is over two times higher compared to misuse in the civilian population. Unfortunately, in addition to experiencing personal consequences from alcohol misuse, partners and family members of alcohol-misusing service members also suffer in negative ways from their loved one’s drinking. These family members represent important catalysts for helping their loved ones identify problem drinking and overcoming the barriers to seeking care. This paper describes the protocol to a pilot study evaluating a 4-session, web-based intervention (WBI) for concerned partners (CPs) of service members with alcohol misuse. The WBI will be adapted from the Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) intervention. In the first phase, we will develop and beta-test the WBI with 15–20 CPs. In the second phase, we will randomize CPs to WBI (n = 50) or to delayed-WBI (n = 50) and evaluate the impact of the WBI on CPs’ perceptions of service member help-seeking and drinking, as well as the CP’s well-being and relationship satisfaction 3 months after the intervention. In the third phase, we will recruit 15–20 service members whose partners have completed the study. We will interview the service members to learn how the CP-focused WBI affected them and to assess whether they would be receptive to a follow-on WBI module to help them. This project has the potential to benefit a large population of military service members who may be disproportionately affected by recent conflicts and whose drinking misuse would otherwise go undetected and untreated. It also develops a new prevention model that does not rely on service members or partners attending a hospital or clinical facility to access care. NCT02073825 .
BCL-6 in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

(2000). BCL-6 in the Pathogenesis of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 356-365.
Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers

Summary 1. Extraction of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) often results in disposal of large quantities of CBNG product water, which may affect aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of CBNG development on fish assemblages in tributary streams of the Powder and Tongue rivers. We used treatment and control, impact versus reference sites comparisons, surveys of CBNG product-water streams and in situ fish survival approaches to determine if CBNG development affected fish assemblages. 2. Several of our results suggested that CBNG development did not affect fish assemblages. Species richness and index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were similar in streams with and streams without CBNG development, and overall biotic integrity was not related to the number or density of CBNG wells. Fish occurred in one stream that was composed largely or entirely of CBNG product water. Sentinel fish survived in cages at treatment sites where no or few fish were captured, suggesting that factors such as lack of stream connectivity rather than water quality limited fish abundance at these sites. Fish species richness did not differ significantly from 1994 to 2006 in comparisons of CBNG-developed and undeveloped streams. Biotic integrity declined from 1994 to 2006; however, declines occurred at both impact and reference sites, possibly because of long-term drought. 3. Some evidence suggested that CBNG development negatively affected fish assemblages, or may do so over time. Specific conductivity was on average higher in treatment streams and was negatively related to biotic integrity. Four IBI species richness metrics were negatively correlated with the number or density of CBNG wells in the catchment above sampling sites. Bicarbonate, one of the primary ions in product water, was significantly higher in developed streams and may have limited abundance of longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Total dissolved solids, alkalinity, magnesium and sulphate were significantly higher in developed streams. 4. Biological monitoring conducted before the development of CBNG, and continuing through the life of development and reclamation, together with data on the quantity, quality and fate of CBNG product water will allow robust assessment of potential effects of future CBNG development worldwide.