cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) with drawdown measure

The notion of drawdown is central to active portfolio management. Conditional Drawdown-at-Risk (CDaR) is defined as the average of a specified percentage of the largest drawdowns over an investment horizon and includes maximum and average drawdowns as particular cases. The necessary optimality conditions for a portfolio optimization problem with CDaR yield the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) stated in both single and multiple sample-path settings. The drawdown beta in the CAPM has a simple interpretation and is evaluated for hedge fund indices from the HFRX database in the single sample-path setting. Drawdown alpha is introduced similarly to the alpha in the classical CAPM and is evaluated for the same hedge fund indices. Both drawdown beta and drawdown alpha are used to prioritize hedge fund strategies and to identify instruments for hedging against market drawdowns.
CREB Is a Regulatory Target for the Protein Kinase Akt/PKB

The nuclear factor CREB stimulates the expression of cellular genes following its protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-133. Ser-133 phosphorylation, in turn, activates target gene expression by promoting recruitment of the co-activator CBP. Recent studies showing that CREB and its paralog CREM are required for survival of certain cell types prompted us to examine whether CREB is a nuclear target for activation via the growth factor-dependent Ser/Thr kinase Akt/PKB. When overexpressed in serum-stimulated cells, Akt/PKB potently induced Ser-133 phosphorylation of CREB and promoted recruitment of CBP. Correspondingly, Akt/PKB stimulated target gene expression via CREB in a phospho(Ser-133)-dependent manner. Akt/PKB induced CREB activity only in response to serum stimulation, and this effect was suppressed by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY 294002. Our results support the notion that Akt/PKB promotes cell survival, at least in part, by stimulating the expression of cellular genes via the CREB/CBP nuclear transduction pathway.
IL-15 and IL-2 oppositely regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1.

The chemokine receptor CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) is expressed in mouse blood on natural killer (NK) cells and on monocytes. Because interleukin-15 (IL-15) is an essential cytokine for NK cell development and maintenance, we hypothesized that it may induce CX3CR1 expression on this cell type. In contrast, we found that in primary mouse bone marrow-derived NK cells IL-15 specifically inhibited CX3CR1 protein and mRNA accumulation, whereas the related cytokine IL-2 did not inhibit but instead increased CX3CR1 expression. Consistent with this finding, intravenous injection of a single dose of recombinant IL-15 into C57BL/6 mice decreased steady-state CX3CR1 levels 24 hours after injection in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), splenocytes, and bone marrow cells, and treatment of mouse PBMCs with IL-15 in vitro inhibited CX3CL1 (ligand for CX3CR1)-induced chemotaxis. These data suggest that IL-15 may be a negative regulator of innate immunity by inhibiting CX3CR1 expression. These data also suggest that IL-15 inhibition of CX3CR1 may subvert potential cell immunotherapy strategies in which IL-15 is used to expand NK cell populations in vivo or ex vivo. Finally, our results provide additional evidence for differential signaling by IL-2 and IL-15, despite usage of common βγc receptor chains. (Blood. 2003;102:3494-3503)
Cumulative family risk predicts sibling adjustment to childhood cancer

BACKGROUND Prolonged, intensive treatment regimens often disrupt families of children with cancer. Siblings are at increased risk for distress, but factors underlying this risk have received limited empirical attention. In this study, the authors examined associations between the family context and sibling distress. METHODS Siblings of children with cancer (ages 8-18 years; N = 209) and parents (186 mothers and 70 fathers) completed measures of sibling distress, family functioning, parenting, and parent post-traumatic stress. Associations between sibling distress and each family risk factor were evaluated. Then, family risks were considered simultaneously by calculating cumulative family risk index scores. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic covariates, greater sibling distress was associated with more sibling-reported problems with family functioning and parental psychological control, lower sibling-reported maternal acceptance, and lower paternal self-reported acceptance. When risk factors were considered together, the results supported a quadratic model in which associations between family risk and sibling distress were stronger at higher levels of risk. CONCLUSIONS The current findings support a contextual model of sibling adjustment to childhood cancer in which elevated distress is predicted by family risk factors, both alone and in combination. Cancer 2013;119:2503-2510. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Properties Relevant for Transport and Transport Applications

This chapter addresses the most important of those results from percolation theory relevant for the study of porous media that were omitted from Chap. 1, namely scaling relationships for tortuosity and conduction. In the latter case the limits of the validity of percolation scaling, and the appropriate choice for scaling far from the percolation threshold are also addressed. The latter topic, of great importance for diffusion and thermal conductivity of porous media, is reviewed from a classic paper of Kirkpatrick. Later work (by Sahimi and co-authors) that is only mentioned in passing, indicates that the result for the cross-over of validity from percolation to effective-medium theories is, like the percolation threshold itself, not universal, meaning that this particular question should be a subject of active research.
Confession Evidence Commonsense Myths and Misconceptions

Confession evidence is powerful but flawed, often in nonintuitive ways. Contradicting widely held beliefs, research reviewed in this article suggests the following: Despite special training in how to conduct interviews, police cannot distinguish better than the layperson whether suspects are lying or telling the truth. Suspects in custody routinely waive their self-protective rights to silence and to counsel—especially if they are innocent. Certain legal but deceptive interrogation tactics increase the risk that innocents will confess to crimes they did not commit. Judges and juries are easily fooled, unable to distinguish between true and false confessions. Appellate courts cannot be expected to reasonably determine whether the error of admitting a coerced confession at trial was harmless or prejudicial.
An Analysis of Motion Blending Techniques

Motion blending is a widely used technique for character animation. The main idea is to blend similar motion examples according to blending weights, in order to synthesize new motions parameterizing high level characteristics of interest. We present in this paper an in-depth analysis and comparison of four motion blending techniques: Barycentric interpolation, Radial Basis Function, K-Nearest Neighbors and Inverse Blending optimization. Comparison metrics were designed to measure the performance across different motion categories on criteria including smoothness, parametric error and computation time. We have implemented each method in our character animation platform SmartBody and we present several visualization renderings that provide a window for gleaning insights into the underlying pros and cons of each method in an intuitive way.
Liberal and Conservative Voting Patterns in Florida

In the politics of Florida a genuine liberal-conservative division is a rather difficult thing to find. Candidates for state offices are usually quite abundant and their separation into liberal or conservative groups is often difficult even for practiced political observers. In his recent study of southern politics, V. 0. Key observed of Florida, ". . . the electorate is not divided into groups with relatively constant attachments to well-known factions. Voters shift and the shape and membership of factions change."' Professor Key declares that for geographical reasons, because of northern immigration, and because of Florida's diversified economy and heavy urbanization, Florida is "different" from other southern states. He sees politics in Florida as characterized by a spirit of "every man for himself," and he dwells at length upon the multiplicity of political factions and the fluidity of their lines. Groupings in Florida politics, he says, are not permanent and do not center around issues.2 To a great extent these observations are quite correct. A survey of all election results in every state race shows little consistency; there is no apparent pattern of liberal-conservative voter alignment.3 Yet there exist in Florida liberals and conservatives as surely as in
Superconducting joints formed between powder-in-tube Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub z//Ag tapes

Superconducting joints between Ag-clad, Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub z/ tapes have been obtained with approximately 1/2 the current capacity of the tapes themselves. The Ag sheath is removed from one side of each tape without significantly disturbing the superconducting core. The exposed superconducting core of the two tapes is brought into contact and pressed so as to again seal the superconductor in a Ag sheath. A reaction anneal is performed to join the two cores together and repair damage associated with the removal of Ag and the pressing. Transport measurements using multiple voltage taps have been found useful in characterizing the critical current variation across the joint. >
Decentralized power management algorithm for frequency reuse

The objective of this work is to develop power control techniques to allow frequency reuse of non-spread carrier frequencies within an RF-mesh mobile topology. The HF automatic link establishment (ALE) system defined in MILSTD 188-141A is a procedure by which linking to a particular addressed radio can be done automatically in a group of congested HF channels. This is a distributed control algorithm used to gain access of a free channel from a set of frequencies. A compatible algorithm is developed that will reuse the busy channel whenever necessary. Note that in ALE protocol calls are only made to a channel if it is silent. Under a power management situation an initiating radio may be far away from a pair of radios using minimum (non-audible) power for linkage, it is necessary to use more information to decide on initiating a call on a channel even if the channel is silent. The protocol for frequency reuse is presented. The key relies on the network allocation vector and the point control function. Preliminary results are also presented.
Projective cone scheduling (PCS) algorithms for packet switches of maximal throughput

We study the (generalized) packet switch scheduling problem, where service configurations are dynamically chosen in response to queue backlogs, so as to maximize the throughput without any knowledge of the long term traffic load. Service configurations and traffic traces are arbitrary. First, we identify a rich class of throughput-optimal linear controls, which choose the service configuration S maximizing the projection 〈S,BX〉 when the backlog is X. The matrix B is arbitrarily fixed in the class of positive-definite, symmetric matrices with negative or zero off-diagonal elements. In contrast, positive off-diagonal elements may drive the system unstable, even for subcritical loads. The associated rich Euclidian geometry of projective cones is explored (hence the name projective cone scheduling PCS). The maximum-weight-matching (MWM) rule is seen to be a special case, where B is the identity matrix. Second, we extend the class of throughput maximizing controls by identifying a tracking condition which allows applying PCS with any bounded time-lag without compromising throughput. It enables asynchronous or delayed PCS implementations and various examples are discussed.
Towards a transportation network model for air taxi dispatch planning

With the existing air transportation network approaching saturation and accompanying improvements in small aircraft technology, there is growing interest in the study and development of on-demand air taxi services utilizing small community airports. Motivated by traffic engineering problems in various network infrastructures, this study presents a model for an air taxi network using gradient optimization to maximize profit and iteratively adjust prices for the network. Initially, the model fixes allocations of aircraft between pairs of regional airports in the network. Preliminary results show that the model converges on a vector of prices which result in profitable weekly service under given costs. Next, we introduce a few potential strategies for changing the allocations of aircraft across the network, with the purpose of gaining insight into the effects and usefulness of different types of provisioning schemes. Additionally, specific parameters of the model are varied with an interest in characterizing conditions for the efficacy and profitability of the network.
In Vitro and In Ovo Expression of Chicken Gamma Interferon by a Defective RNA of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Coronavirus defective RNAs (D-RNAs) have been used for site-directed mutagenesis of coronavirus genomes and for expression of heterologous genes. D-RNA CD-61 derived from the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was used as an RNA vector for the expression of chicken gamma interferon (chIFN-γ). D-RNAs expressing chIFN-γ were shown to be capable of rescue, replication, and packaging into virions in a helper virus-dependent system following electroporation of in vitro-derived T7 RNA transcripts into IBV-infected cells. Secreted chIFN-γ, under the control of an IBV transcription-associated sequence derived from gene 5 of the Beaudette strain, was expressed from two different positions within CD-61 and shown to be biologically active. In addition, following infection of 10-day-old chicken embryos with IBV containing D-RNAs expressing chIFN-γ, the allantoic fluid was shown to contain biologically active chIFN-γ, demonstrating that IBV D-RNAs can express heterologous genes in vivo.
Fetal hydronephrosis as a predictor of neonatal urologic outcomes.

Objectives The ability to predict surgically relevant fetal renal hydronephrosis is limited. We sought to determine the most efficacious second- and third-trimester fetal renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter cutoffs to predict the need for postnatal surgery. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of mothers and neonates who had a prenatal sonographic examination in our Perinatal-Pediatric Urology Clinic and received follow-up care. Hydronephrosis was defined as a renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter of 5 mm or greater in the second trimester and 7 mm or greater in the third trimester. Hydronephrosis was subdivided into mild, moderate, and severe. Results Of 8453 fetuses, 96 met the criteria and were referred to our clinic. Isolated hydronephrosis was diagnosed in 74 fetuses, of which 53 received postnatal follow-up evaluations. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting postnatal surgery in the second and third trimesters were 0.770 and 0.899, respectively. The second-trimester renal anteroposterior diameter threshold that best predicted post-natal surgery was 9.5 mm (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 81.1%). The third-trimester threshold that best predicted postnatal surgery was 15.0 mm (sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 94.6%). Conclusions The fetal renal anteroposterior diameter on second- and third-trimester sonography is predictive of an increased risk for neonatal urologic surgery. Surgical risk is best predicted by a third-trimester renal anteroposterior diameter threshold of 15 mm.
Mantle Melting as a Function of Water Content beneath the Mariana Arc

Subduction zone magmas are characterized by high concentrations of pre-eruptive H_2O, presumably as a result of an H_2Oflux originating from the dehydrating, subducting slab. The extent of mantle melting increases as a function of increasing water content beneath back-arc basins and is predicted to increase in a similar manner beneath arc volcanoes. Here, we present new data for olivine-hosted, basaltic melt inclusions from the Mariana arc that reveal pre-eruptive H_2O contents of ~1•5-6•0 wt %, which are up to three times higher than concentrations reported for the Mariana Trough back-arc basin. Major element systematics of arc and back-arc basin basalts indicate that the back-arc basin melting regime does not simply mix with wet, arc-derived melts to produce the observed range of back-arc magmatic H_2O concentrations. Simple melting models reveal that the trend of increasing extents of melting with increasing H_2O concentrations of the mantle source identified in the Mariana Trough generally extends beneath the Mariana volcanic front to higher mantle water contents and higher extents of melting. In detail, however, each Mariana volcano may define a distinct relationship between extent of melting and the H_2O content of the mantle source. We develop a revised parameterization of hydrous melting, incorporating terms for variable pressure and mantle fertility, to describe the distinct relationships shown by each arc volcano. This model is used in combination with thermobarometry constraints to show that hydrous melts equilibrate at greater depths (34-87 km) and temperatures (>1300°C) beneath the Mariana arc than beneath the back-arc basin (21-37 km), although both magma types can form from a mantle of similar potential temperature (~1350°C).The difference lies in where the melts form and equilibrate. Arc melts are dominated by those that equilibrate within the hot core of the mantle wedge, whereas back-arc melts are dominated by those that equilibrate within the shallow zone of decompression melting beneath the spreading center. Despite higher absolute melting temperatures (>1300°C), Mariana arc melts reflect lower melt productivity as a result of wet melting conditions and a more refractory mantle source.
Oceanography of the eastern Bering Sea ice-edge zone in spring1

The ice-edge region of the southeast Bering Sea was studied in terms of the hydrographic regime, phytoplankton biomass, and primary productivity during the springs of 1975 through 1977. The results showed that a phytoplankton bloom occurs at the ice edge just as the spring ice-decay period begins, and that this accounts for a significant proportion of the annual carbon input over the shallow shelf. The bloom is intensified in time and space by the influence of the ice edge on the physical structure of the water column. Specifically, melting ice seems to increase the stability of the water column, near and under the ice, by lowering the salinity. Frontal structure in salinity and temperature are apparent at the ice edge and are attributed to the melting ice but also, at times, to wind-driven Ekman-type upwelling. These data are also related to recent short term (ca. months-year) climatic fluctuations that seem to control the seasonal position of the ice-edge zone relative to the shelf break. In “cold” years, the ice edge comes southward to the shelf break and overlies the more nutrientrich Alaska Stream/Bering Sea source water. In “warm” years, the ice-edge zone does not reach this nutrient-rich water. This may be important to the biology of the ice-edge ecosystem. The edge zones of seasonal sea ice are biologically productive, serving as focal points for the congregation of large numbers of marine birds and mammals and thus represent ecologically critical habitats in subpolar regions. The presence of a cold and solid boundary influences the biological regime in several ways, including effects on the physical and chemical regimes in the adjacent seawater. At least three structural features of the water column often associated with high oceanic primary production can occur in such an area simultaneously: water column stability, frontal structures and, under certain conditions, ice-edge upwelling. We show here that there is enhanced primary production due to water column stability and frontal structure at the edge of the seasonal sea ice in spring. Our data also suggest that ice-edge upwelling occurs. We show further that the intense
Oral manifestations of systemic disease

Most systemic diseases can affect the oral cavity. Some oral changes are nonspecific, whereas others directly lead to the diagnosis of a particular disorder. A systems approach is used here to catalog these oral changes. In some instances it is difficult to separate the oral manifestations of pharmacotherapy for a particular disease from that entity. The oral manifestations of pharmacotherapy are presented for selected disease processes. This article introduces the most common oral manifestations of systemic disease.
Thermoelastic expansion vs. piezoelectricity for high-frequency, 2-D arrays

Optical generation using the thermoelastic effect has traditionally suffered from low conversion efficiency. We previously demonstrated increased efficiency of nearly 20 dB with an optical absorbing layer consisting of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon black spin coated onto a glass microscope slide. In this paper we show that the radiated power from a black PDMS film is comparable to a 20 MHz piezoelectric two-dimensional (2-D) array element. Furthermore, we predict that a thermoelastic array element can produce similar acoustic power levels compared to ideal piezoelectric 2-D array elements at frequencies in the 100 MHz regime. We believe these results show that thermoelastic generation of ultrasound is a promising alternative to piezoelectricity for high-frequency, 2-D arrays.
Physiological Condition and Reproductive Consequences in Adélie Penguins

SYNOPSIS. Animals must make ''decisions'' ( e.g., when or whether to breed, the effort to put into a breeding episode) by integrating physiological, environmental and social inputs. This integration can be studied only in a field context. In Adelie penguins ( adeliae) reproduction is constrained by foraging ecology, mode of transport, and the extreme latitude at which they live. The decision whether to breed in a given year is influenced by body conditions. Adelie penguins must fast for several weeks during the early repro- ductive stages and use stored fat for metabolic energy. Females that return to the colony, but do not breed, are 10-12% lighter than females that do breed. Birds that are relatively low in body mass tend to have lower reproductive success than heavier birds, and an individual's reproductive success is positively corre- lated with the body fat stores it had on arrival. After eggs are laid, parents alternate in attending the nest. Nest failure occurs if one parent does not make a timely return and its fasting partner must eventually leave. During normal-length fasts plasma corticosterone and glucose levels do not change. Blood b-hydroxy- butyrate levels gradually increase during the fast while uric acid levels remain low, but in birds with the longest fasts (.;50 days), ketone levels may fall and uric acid levels increase, indicative of a switch from using fat to using body proteins for metabolism. In incubating males, hematocrit and hemoglobin concen- trations also increase, suggesting dehydration can accompany energy stress during the breeding fast.
New data on hetaerolite, hydrohetaerolite, coronadite, and hollandite

Hetaerolite, ZnMn 2 O 4 , is isostructural with hausmannite, MnMn 2 O 4 . Weissenberg x-ray study of type hetaerolite gave: a 0 =5. 74, c 0 =9.15; a 0 :c 0 =1:1.594, a:c=1.5952 (morph.); cell contents Zn 4 Mn 8 O 16 . The hetaerolite described by Palache in 1928 from Sterling Hill and Franklin, New Jersey, is identical with the original hetaerolite of Moore (1877) from Sterling Hill. The so-called hetaerolite from Sterling Hill described by Palache and Schaller in 1910 apparently is the same as that from Leadville, Colorado, described by Ford and Bradley in 1913. The Leadville mineral, for which the name hydrohetaerolite has been proposed, differs from type hetaerolite in its fibrous character, in x-ray cell dimensions (a 0 =5. 71, c 0 =9.04; body-centered tetragonal (?), in slightly lower indices of refraction, and in apparently containing a few per cent each of SiO 2 and H* l2*sO. Proof of tretragonal symmetry and homogeneity is lacking. The status of the mineral is uncertain. Coronadite is a valid species and is isostructural with hollandite. Hollandite has been thought to be tetragonal from uncertain morphological evidence, but x-ray powder study suggests that it and coronadite are only pseudotetragonal. Coronadite has the composition MnPbMn 6 O 14 . The composition of hollandite is uncertain, but the mineral appears to be the barium analogue, MnBaMn 6 O 14 , of coronadite. Psilomelane (17per thousand BaO) and hollandite are distinct species.
The Historical Evolution of Municipal Management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Urban management, as a formal body of institutional arrangements, techniques, rules, and practices for the planning, organization, and technical control of an urban centre, plays a critical role in the effective delivery of urban services and the democratization of governance at various geographical scales. Governments in developing countries have often been accused of over-centralizing and bureaucratizing both the decision-making process and the delivery of essential urban services to their populace. This article briefly explores the history of municipal management in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, since its establishment in 1887. The series of legal and institutional measures taken by successive governments are examined from the perspective of the contributions they made to the evolution of a decentralized and democratic urban-management regime. I argue that, notwithstanding the significant legal and institutional changes that have taken place since the city's establishment in 1887, the meas...
Predictors of health anxiety among older and young adults.

Background: Many older adults have at least one chronic disease and experience greater health problems than young adults. However, little is known about factors other than health that account for health anxiety (HA) among older adults. The overall objective of the present study was to develop a better understanding of HA among older and young adults. Methods: We examined how anxiety-related constructs (anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety control, and emotion regulation) predict two core components of HA described in the cognitive–behavioral model of HA (illness likelihood and negative consequences) in older and young adults. We also examined the extent to which the predictor variables differentially account for HA in both age groups. Older and young adult participants completed several self-report surveys. Results: Young adults reported higher levels of HA than older adults. Anxiety sensitivity and reappraisal predicted illness likelihood for older and young adults. Intolerance of uncertainty predicted negative consequences in both age groups. Anxiety sensitivity predicted negative consequences for older adults only. Anxiety control did not predict illness likelihood or negative consequences for either age group. Conclusions: Results suggest that anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty may predispose older and young adults to HA, which is influenced by reappraisal. Implications for the cognitive–behavioral model of HA in both age groups are discussed.
Screening of the proteins that can interact with a new radioresistance-related protein AA12

AA12 genes were subcloned into the vector of two-hybrid system, and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into yeast cell AH109. The expression was identified by Western blot. The prostate cDNA library recombinant plasmids were transformed into yeast cell. The expression of reporter genes were tested. Western blot result showed that the AA12 can express in years cell AH109; the results of both α- and β-galactosidase assays showed two clones were positive, but the sequences were the same. One protein that can interact with AA12 protein was screened, the results will be important for studying a new function of AA12 gene.
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization: Physiology, Pathology, and Basic Research Concepts

Significant improvements in the outcome of cardiac surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have led to enhanced survival among patients with severe coronary artery disease. However, it has also created a population of patients never before encountered in the field of Cardiovascular Medicine. These patients, who often have had coronary bypass surgery and/or PCI multiple times, are characterized by far advanced, end-stage coronary artery disease and disabling anginal symptoms which are refractory to medical therapy with maximal doses of antianginal drugs such as nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ranolazine. New therapeutic modalities are required to treat this group of patients. One of these modalities is transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR). This technique has been shown to improve symptomatic status in patients with end-stage coronary artery disease who cannot receive further traditional surgical or percutaneous revascularization. In this chapter, we will review the clinical experience with TMLR as well as the potential mechanisms of action by which TMLR can improve quality of life in this select group of patients.
Small Signal Modeling and Stability Analysis for Energy Storage Inverter as Primary Source in Off-Grid Micro Grid

This article derived a small signal mathematical model of primary source mode energy storage inverter,and analyzed the effect of main control parameters on the stability of small signal inverter,and using PSCAD built a simulation model to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.
Layer Optimized Design of LIN Bus Vehicle Light Control System Based on the FSM

Aimed at many weaknesses in design of LIN bus vehicle light control system like weak normalization,hardly optimizing,long design cycle,high cost of test and maintenance,a new layer optimized design model of LIN bus vehicle light control system was proposed based on the description of LIN protocal and application layer using LIN description file and finite state machine.The model can be widely used in efficient design of LIN bus system.The hard system of LIN bus vehicle light control system which was based on PIC16F877 microcontorller was designed in Proteus platform,and the test result was provided between the non-optimized design and the optimized design.
Understanding ligand effects in gold clusters using mass spectrometry

This review summarizes recent research on the influence of phosphine ligands on the size, stability, and reactivity of gold clusters synthesized in solution. Sub-nanometer clusters exhibit size- and composition-dependent properties that are unique from those of larger nanoparticles. The highly tunable properties of clusters and their high surface-to-volume ratio make them promising candidates for a variety of technological applications. However, because “each-atom-counts” toward defining cluster properties it is critically important to develop robust synthesis methods to efficiently prepare clusters of predetermined size. For decades phosphines have been known to direct the size-selected synthesis of gold clusters. Despite the preparation of numerous species it is still not understood how different functional groups at phosphine centers affect the size and properties of gold clusters. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it is possible to characterize the effect of ligand substitution on the distribution of clusters formed in solution at defined reaction conditions. In addition, ligand exchange reactions on preformed clusters may be monitored using ESI-MS. Collision induced dissociation (CID) may also be employed to obtain qualitative insight into the fragmentation of mixed ligand clusters and the relative binding energies of differently substituted phosphines. Quantitative ligand binding energies and cluster stability may be determined employing surface induced dissociation (SID) in a custom-built Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) based modeling of the SID data allows dissociation energies and entropy values to be extracted. The charge reduction and reactivity of atomically precise gold clusters, including partially ligated species generated in the gas-phase by in source CID, on well-defined surfaces may be explored using ion soft landing (SL) in a custom-built instrument combined with in situ time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Jointly, this multipronged experimental approach allows characterization of the full spectrum of relevant phenomena including cluster synthesis, ligand exchange, thermochemistry, surface immobilization, and reactivity. The fundamental insights obtained from this work will facilitate the directed synthesis of gold clusters with predetermined size and properties for specific applications.
CBufs: efficient, system-wide memory management and sharing

Modern systems are composed of many different protection domains separating privilege levels, subsystems, users, clients, and software of differing levels of assurance. System-wide memory management must consider not only allocation to single processes, but also efficient sharing of data across protection domains, and the allocation of memory based on the performance of applications that span multiple protection domains. This paper introduces the CBuf system for the global management of virtual and physical memory, including zero-copy sharing between protection domains. We present the design and implementation of both garbage collection techniques to enable efficient sharing, and policies that balance memory between protection domains specifically to satisfy system and application constraints such as quality of service. We show that a CBuf-enabled webserver achieves over a factor of 2.5 throughput speedup while using less processing time than Apache on Linux, and that the system can intentionally control system throughput through intelligent memory allocation.
SY07-5AGE, SEX, DRINKING, AND THE ADOLESCENT BRAIN CORTEX: INITIAL FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL CONSORTIUM ON ALCOHOL & NEURODEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE

The National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) is a longitudinal study, designed to track trajectories of regional brain development during a time of high risk for initiating alcohol consumption. We present baseline MRI 3T data from the five, U.S.A. participating sites on 674 adolescents (age 12-22) who met …
Make climate-change assessments more relevant

Stephane Hallegatte, Katharine J. Mach and colleagues urge researchers to gear their studies, and the way they present their results, to the needs of policymakers.
An introduction to distributed version control systems: conference workshop

This workshop introduces participants to a distributed version control system (DVCS), such as Mercurial or Bazaar. A DVCS uses a peer-to-peer model as opposed to a client-server model. Two of the benefits of a DVCS are having a complete copy of the repository for each user and the decoupling of committing changes from publishing them. Participants will start with an established repository so they can focus on daily-use concepts, such and committing, publishing and merging. Using a web site as the initial project provides a familiar environment and allows viewing of all changes during the workshop exercises. With multiple participants, we will also create conflicts between the repositories and then see how to resolve them. As time permits, we will also cover issues such as permissions, web access, and different work flow possibilities. This workshop is for anyone with an interest in distributed version control systems. Even those familiar with client-server systems, like CVS or Subversion, will find something useful. A laptop running Unix, OS X or Windows is required.
Parameter Estimation and Model Validation of Nonlinear Dynamical Networks

In the performance period of this work under a DOE contract, the co-PIs, Philip Gill and Henry Abarbanel, developed new methods for statistical data assimilation for problems of DOE interest, including geophysical and biological problems. This included numerical optimization algorithms for variational principles, new parallel processing Monte Carlo routines for performing the path integrals of statistical data assimilation. These results have been summarized in the monograph: “Predicting the Future: Completing Models of Observed Complex Systems” by Henry Abarbanel, published by Spring-Verlag in June 2013. Additional results and details have appeared in the peer reviewed literature.
Predicting the Population Health Impacts of Community Interventions: The Case of Alcohol Outlets and Binge Drinking

A substitution estimator can be used to predict how shifts in population exposures might change health. We illustrated this method by estimating how an upper limit on alcohol outlet density might alter binge drinking in the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000), and provided statistical code and sample data.The largest differences in binge drinking were for an upper limit of 70 outlets per square mile; there was a −0.7% difference in binge drinking prevalence for New York City overall (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.2%, −1.3%) and a −2.4% difference in binge drinking prevalence for the subset of communities the intervention modified (95% CI = −0.5%, −4.0%).A substitution estimator is a flexible tool for estimating population intervention parameters and improving the translation of public health research results to practitioners.
Talk About a Racial Eclipse: Narratives of Institutional Evasion in an Urban School–University Partnership

During a student teaching experience, teacher education candidates affiliated with an urban School of Education school–university partnership witnessed a disturbing interaction between an early career White male teacher and a first-grade Black male student at an assigned elementary school. The subsequent interactions among the teacher, principal, district administrators, and university partners illumine the racial implications at varying levels from the individual to the structural level. The ways in which race is centered, yet is evaded by school actors, raises important considerations for leadership. Authors suggest combining critical race theory with organizational narratives to explore the dilemmas at various structural levels, but in particular for the principal and district-level administrators.
Gifted Education in Preschool: Perceived Barriers and Benefits of Program Development

ABSTRACTSubstantial evidence supports the benefits of quality preschool education for children of all levels and backgrounds. However, early childhood gifted education services rarely exist in preschool centers. This study included 263 preschool centers representing geographic diversity in a southern state in the United States. Narrative data were collected centering on two issues: the barriers to implementation of gifted education services and the potential benefits related to the implementation of gifted education services in preschool centers. Qualitative analyses included constant comparative analyses for data reduction to support thematic inferences. Participants described barriers related to human and capital resources, challenges of implementing gifted education services, and the lack of information about gifted education in preschool settings. Participants articulated benefits in two general categories: educational/developmental and business/marketing. There was some evidence that a small portion ...
Vaccines, Pesticides, and Narratives of Exposure and Evidence

This essay considers the cultural work performed by two public health narratives - the DDT narrative and the vaccine narrative - as they appeared in popular and professional discourse concerning two recent media events: controversy over an antivaccination film, and the emergence of a Zika global public health emergency. Like all narratives in the history of medicine, the stories historians and others tell about DDT and about vaccines organize a shared past to explain the present. They also point to a hoped-for future. The DDT and vaccine narratives share several themes: public health, expertise, evidence, exposure, and power. Their inclusions and exclusions, however, convey distinct messages about these themes, particularly regarding the right conduct of health citizens in the pursuit of public health. These narratives are analyzed to compare their agendas, and to propose a case study of how historical work can shed light on contemporary public health norms, practice, and challenges.
Chromatin remodeling: a complex affair

ATP‐dependent chromatin remodelers are multi‐subunit enzymes that catalyze nucleosome dynamics essential for chromosomal functions, and their inactivation or dysregulation can lead to numerous diseases, including neuro‐degenerative disorders and cancers. Each remodeler contains a conserved ATPase “motor” whose activity or targeting can be regulated by enzyme‐specific, accessory subunits. The human ISWI subfamily of remodelers has been defined as a group of more than six different enzyme complexes where one of two related ATPase subunits (Snf2L/SMARCA1 and Snf2H/SMARCA5) is paired with one of six different accessory subunits. In this issue of EMBO Reports , Oppikofer et al [1] find that the human ISWI subfamily is even more polymorphic in nature—every known accessory subunit can interact and function with both ATPase isoforms. This raises the complexity of the human ISWI subfamily to > 12 distinct enzymes, with the possibility for much higher levels of combinatorial assemblies, and has the potential to create enzymes with novel biochemical activities, as well as novel regulatory wiring through differential interactions with locus‐specific factors or histone modifications.
Contracting officers: turn off the time and material default switch

This article addresses the increased use of time and material contracts. It explores the reasons and risks of this contract type’s use. Also, it makes several suggestions to pursue alternate contract types when appropriate.
Hormone receptor positive breast cancer: state of the art

Purpose of review Hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer represents the vast majority of breast cancer cases. Treatment for these patients has been 5 years of endocrine therapy in the localized setting and endocrine therapy alone in the metastatic setting until progression of disease and switch to chemotherapy until quite recently. Recent findings The current article will review recent data on role of extended endocrine therapy with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors and adjuvant bisphosphonates in the localized disease setting. It will then review the role of targeted agents such as cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors, two of which were FDA approved in 2017 in the metastatic setting and are now standard of care. Summary Landscape of HR positive breast cancer is changing with doubling of progression-free survival with drugs approved in the last 2 years. Although antiestrogen therapy remains the backbone of therapy, we are continuing to improve outcome for patients by changes and additions to this therapy.
IDS: improving aircraft fleet maintenance

This paper describes the Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS), an applied AI project concerned with the development of hybrid information systems to diagnose problems and help manage repair processes of commercial aircraft fleets. A study at one major airline indicated that significant benefits could accrue (approximately 2% of overall maintenance budget) through the use of innovative information technology. The IDS prototype (currently in extended field trial) takes as input a stream of messages representing maintenance and diagnostic events. These are filtered and aggregated in order to yield information in an appropriate form for various decision making tasks (and in particular for the maintenance staff while performing fault isolation and repair procedures). IDS was built using ART*Enterprise® and makes extensive use of its rule-based and case-based reasoning facilities in order to apply various sources of knowledge (manuals, heuristics, historical data) to this problem. As well as technical issues, this paper discusses the motivation for and methodology followed in this project.
The Clinical Spectrum of HIV Infection

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiates a process that begins with the primary HIV syndrome, is typically followed by an asymptomatic period that can last many years, and culminates with the variety of complications and manifestations that are collectively referred to as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. The occurrence and pace of any or all of these elements of the so-called typical pattern of HIV infection varies significantly from patient to patient. In some instances, patients may progress from primary HIV infection to AIDS and death in 5 years or less. At the opposite end of the spectrum are well-documented cases of persons who have been HIV infected for greater than 20 years without any clinical symptoms or evidence of clinical progression. This latter group has been called “long-term nonprogressors.”
Synthesis of (Z)-2-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-(phenylthio) acrylaldehyde

The title compound was prepared from ethyl acrylate over seven steps. En route, an ester was prepared that could be catalytically activated with Sc(OTf)3 to undergo a (4+3) cycloaddition with 2,5-dimethylfuran. The title compound reacts with organolithium species and the resultant alkoxide can be trapped as an ester or allowed to experience a silyl shift to produce a highly functionalized ketone.
Initial Provider Specialty Is Associated With Long-term Opiate Use in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain.

Study Design.Retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis of patients diagnosed in 2010, with continuous enrollment 6 months prior to and 12 months following the initial visit.Objective.To determine whether provider specialty influences patterns of opiate utilization long after initial diagnosis.Summa
Are Liberal Governments More Cooperative? Voting Trends at the UN in Five Anglophone Democracies:

Among both elites and the mass public, conservatives and liberal differ in their foreign policy preferences. Relatively little effort, however, has been put toward showing that, beyond the use of f...
Contraception as a Medical Countermeasure to Reduce Adverse Outcomes Associated With Zika Virus Infection in Puerto Rico: The Zika Contraception Access Network Program.

The Zika Contraception Access Network established a network of 153 physicians across Puerto Rico as a short-term emergency response during the 2016–2017 Zika virus outbreak to provide client-center...