cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spanish-Speaking Immigrants' Access to Safety Net Providers and Translation Services Across Traditional and Emerging US Destinations.

Policy Points: Latino immigrants have recently spread beyond traditional US enclaves to “emerging destinations.” The arrival of limited English proficiency (LEP) Spanish-speakers to these areas can challenge the health care system, as translation services may not be readily available for LEP patients. Trained auditors posed as family members of LEP patients seeking primary care in a safety net setting. We found substantially lower appointment availability for LEP adults in emerging destinations compared to traditional destinations. Greater bilingual resources are needed within safety net clinics to accommodate LEP Spanish speakers as this population continues to grow and expand throughout the United States. Context Recent demographic trends show Latino immigrants moving to “emerging destinations” outside traditional Latino enclaves. Immigrants in emerging destinations with limited English proficiency (LEP) may experience greater challenges finding health care services oriented to their linguistic needs than those in traditional enclaves, especially if the supply of language resources in these areas has not kept pace with new demand. Methods This study uses an experimental audit design to directly compare the ability of uninsured Spanish-speaking LEP adults to access interpreter services and to obtain new patient primary care appointments at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) across traditional and emerging destinations. We additionally compare the appointment rates of English-proficient uninsured and English-proficient Medicaid patients across these destinations that contacted the same FQHCs. English-proficient patients serve as an access benchmark that is independent of differences in Spanish language services. Findings Results indicate that LEP Spanish-speaking patients within emerging destinations are 40 percentage points less likely to receive an appointment than those in traditional destinations. English-proficient groups, by contrast, experience similar levels of access across destinations. Disparities in safety net provider access by destination status are consistent with differences in the availability of bilingual services. Ninety-two percent of FQHCs in traditional destinations offered appointments with either Spanish-speaking clinicians or translation services with non-clinical bilingual staff, while only 54% did so in emerging destinations. LEP patients denied care in emerging destinations must also travel greater distances than in traditional destinations to reach the next available safety net provider. Conclusions Our findings highlight that current language resources in emerging destinations may be inadequate for keeping up with the transforming needs of the patient population. As the Latino immigrant population continues to expand and diffuse, better accommodation within the health care safety net is likely to increase in importance.
Impact Crater Formation, Shock Metamorphism, and Distribution of Impact Ejecta

As previously mentioned, an integral part of the cratering process is the formation and widespread distribution of ejecta. In order to comprehend how the distribution, thickness, and nature of an impact ejecta layer varies with distance from its source crater, one needs to understand the cratering process. Thus, we begin this chapter with a brief review of cratering mechanics. This leads into a discussion of shock metamorphism, which occurs during the cratering process and which is important in the identification of impact craters and distal ejecta layers. At the end of the chapter we briefly discuss some theoretical and experimental data on how ejecta, including the degree of shock metamorphism of the ejecta, vary with distance from the source crater. This last subject is addressed again in Chap. 10, but in Chap. 10 we compare observations on how distal ejecta vary with distance from source craters with theoretical and experimental data of how the thickness and nature of distal ejecta should vary with distance from the source crater.
An Evaluation of Linearly Implicit Time Discretization Methods For Approximating Richards' Equation

The solution of Richards' equation and two-phase air/water models for flow in porous media continues to be a challenge for many problems of interest. Typically, fully implicit time discretizations are preferred due to the strong, potentially degenerate nonlinearities that result from standard constitutive relationships. Recently however, there has been renewed interest in linearly implicit methods, since they avoid the solution of full nonlinear problems, while retaining desirable stability properties over explicit discretizations. In this work, we consider modern implicit and linearly implicit temporal approximations for Richards' equation and two-phase air/water models. We evaluate their performance in terms of robustness and efficiency for different levels of accuracy under a range of conditions that reflect many of the difficulties often found in simulating flow in the vadose zone.
Mechanism Exploration of Ion Transport in Nanocomposite Cation Exchange Membranes

The origin of property enhancement of nanocomposite ion exchange membranes (IEMs) is far from being fully understood. By combining experimental work and computational modeling analysis, we could determine the influence of nanomaterials on the ion transport properties of nanocomposite cation exchange membranes (CEMs). We synthesized and characterized a series of nanocomposite CEMs by using SPPO as polymer materials and silica nanoparticles (NPs) (unsulfonated or sulfonated) as nanomaterials. We found that with the increase of NP loading, measured CEM permselectivity and swelling degree first increased and then decreased. We also found the ion exchange capacity (IEC) and ionic resistance of nanocomposite CEMs tend to be the same, regardless what type of NPs are incorporated into the membrane. Modeling analysis suggests that the change of membrane properties is related to the change in membrane microstructure. With the addition of silica NPs, membrane porosity (volume fraction of intergel phase) increases so...
Gender Differences in Factors Associated with Unsheltered Status and Increased Risk of Premature Mortality among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness.

Abstract Background Among individuals experiencing homelessness, unsheltered status is associated with poor health and access to care and an increased risk for premature death. Insufficient research has explored gender differences in these outcomes; the objective of this study was to address this gap in the research. Methods This study used survey data collected during the 100,000 Homes Campaign. Chi-square tests identified differences in the characteristics of women, men, and transgender individuals. Generalized linear mixed models fit with demographic, homelessness, mental/behavioral health, institutional, and income characteristics were run separately for women and men to assess correlates of unsheltered status and increased risk of premature mortality. Results Men reported more frequently experiencing unsheltered homelessness while women and transgender participants more frequently met the criteria for risk of premature mortality. Women reported less frequently than men a history of or current substance use, but it significantly increased their likelihood of unsheltered homelessness; reports of mental health issues were rarer among men but significantly increased their odds of unsheltered homelessness. The experience of a violent attack while homeless was most strongly related to increased risk of premature mortality for both women and men. Conclusions Interventions to reduce unsheltered homelessness among men should be particularly sensitive to mental health issues while for women there may need to be increased attention to substance use. A focus on experience of trauma and the provision of trauma-informed care is essential to address the increased risk of premature mortality among both men and women experiencing homelessness.
A Question and Answering System for Management of Cloud Service Level Agreements

One of the key challenges faced by consumers is to efficiently manage and monitor the quality of cloud services. To manage service performance, consumers have to validate rules embedded in cloud legal contracts, such as Service Level Agreements (SLA) and Privacy Policies, that are available as text documents. Currently this analysis requires significant time and manual labor and is thus inefficient. We propose a cognitive assistant that can be used to manage cloud legal documents by automatically extracting knowledge (terms, rules, constraints) from them and reasoning over it to validate service performance. In this paper, we present this Question and Answering (Q&A) system that can be used to analyze and obtain information from the SLA documents. We have created a knowledgebase of Cloud SLAs from various providers which forms the underlying repository of our Q&A system. We utilized techniques from natural language processing and semantic web (RDF, SPARQL and Fuseki server) to build our framework. We also present sample queries on how a consumer can compute metrics such as service credit.
Woody Biomass Processing and Rural Regional Development

The authors report on the economic impacts of introducing woody biomass processing in an economically distressed, but heavily forested Central Appalachian U.S. region. Woody biomass is a readily av...
Numerical Simulation of Quantum Lattice Systems: Electron-Electron and Electron-Phonon Interactions in One Dimension

A Monte Carlo method to study quantum systems defined on a lattice is discussed. The method is applicable to one-dimensional systems with fermion and boson degrees of freedom, as well as boson and quantum spin systems in arbitrary dimensions. It is based on a real-space break-up of the time evolution operator that yields a space-imaginary time representation of the quantum fields on a checkerboard space-time lattice. The implementation of the method is briefly discussed. We then use it to study various properties on one-dimensional models with electron-electron and electron- phonon interactions. We consider the extended Hubbard model in the ½-filled and ¼-filled band sectors. In the latter case, we focus on the behavior of the 2pF and 4pF correlation functions and discuss the relevance of our results to X-ray scattering experiments in organic charge-transfer compounds. We then study the behavior of two different electron-phonon models as a function of phonon frequency and electron-phonon coupling constant. We discuss in particular the effect of quantum fluctuations on the Peierls instability, and the role of the number of components of the electron spin.
Complex mediascapes, complex realities: critically engaging with biotechnology debates in Ghana.

The recent increase in research and commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops in Africa has resulted in considerable and understandable interest from farmers, scholars, and practitioners...
Privacy Preferences vs. Privacy Settings: An Exploratory Facebook Study

Attacks on confidential data on the Internet is increasing. The reachability to users’ data needs stricter control. One way to do this by the user is applying proper privacy settings. Research finds there is slackness in online users’ applying proper privacy settings but no such work has focused on the reasons behind the slackness behavior. Our work aimed at studying user slackness behavior and investigating the human factors involved on such behavior. We evaluated the extent to which FB users’ privacy settings match their privacy preferences, whether FB user privacy setting behavior is dependent on age, gender, or education demographics, and the effectiveness of FB’s privacy settings. Our results validated user slackness in privacy settings and suggested a significant association between the age categories and the privacy settings behavior. The results also suggested that FB’s privacy settings system is not effective for its diverse demographic user base.
A Historical Note on the Development of Sleep Medicine Technology Education

Sleep Medicine was created in the early 1970s, and since efforts have been made to have a field based on organized education of professionals. Educational programs were aimed at physicians, researchers and technologists. Greater efforts were made initially in Europe and North America that took the lead in creating professional organizations and specialty teaching leading to specialty diploma recognizing expertise in the field. Such efforts are now replicated in many part of the world.
Enabling fine-grained HTTP caching of SPARQL query results

As SPARQL endpoints are increasingly used to serve linked data, their ability to scale becomes crucial. Although much work has been done to improve query evaluation, little has been done to take advantage of caching. Effective solutions for caching query results can improve scalability by reducing latency, network IO, and CPU overhead. We show that simple augmentation of the database indexes found in common SPARQL implementations can directly lead to effective caching at the HTTP protocol level. Using tests from the Berlin SPARQL benchmark, we evaluate the potential of such caching to improve overall efficiency of SPARQL query evaluation.
Policy Planning and Poverty: Notes on a Mexican Case

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses different approach to the study of poverty. It is an approach emphasizing the individual's goals and their effect on certain aspects of the behavior of urban migrants and Indian villagers in Mexico whose lives, in many ways, represent conditions found among poor in the United States. The chapter describes a study that involves the adaptation of an economic production model to assess rationality. The goods that were to be produced were goals, and the Mexican informants were interviewed over long periods of time to find out how they thought about the goals in their lives and how they realized those goals so that one could assess whether the individuals being interviewed were allocating their resources so as to attain their goals in an optimal fashion. Culturally defined goals are achieved via intermediate states and activities that are, in turn, attained through the expenditure of resources (time, labor, capital) or through the accumulation of capital and credit through productive activity. The goal variables are much more complex as they are defined by three to seven predictor variables, and the predictor variables are correlated, which, given low sample sizes, lowers one's confidence in the regression coefficients as good estimators of the population values.
ACE: Advanced CIP Evaluator

Industrial control systems (ICS) are key enabling systems that drive the productivity and efficiency of omnipresent industries such as power, gas, water treatment, transportation, and manufacturing. These systems consist of interconnected components that communicate over industrial networks using industrial protocols such as the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP). CIP is one of the most commonly used network-based process control protocols, and utilizes an object-oriented communication structure for device to device interaction. Due to this object-oriented structure, CIP communication reveals detailed information about the devices, the communication patterns, and the system, providing an in-depth view of the system. The details from this in-depth system perspective can be utilized as part of a system cybersecurity or discovery approach. However, due to the variety of commands, corresponding parameters, and variable layer structure of the CIP network layer, processing this layer is a challenging task. This paper presents a tool, Advanced CIP Evaluator (ACE), which passively processes the CIP communication layer and automatically extracts device, communication, and system information from observed network traffic. ACE was tested and verified using a representative ICS power generation testbed. Since ACE operates passively, without generating any network traffic of its own, system operations are not disturbed. This novel tool provides ICS information, such as networked devices, communication patterns, and system operation, at a depth and breadth that is unique compared with other known tools.
Delay in Hip Fracture Surgery Prolongs Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay but Does Not Adversely Affect Outcomes at 30 Days.

Objectives:To evaluate the association between the timing of hip fracture surgery with postoperative length of stay and outcomes.Design:Retrospective review using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.Setting:National inquiry database incorporating 1
Benchmark Dose Modeling of In Vitro Genotoxicity Data: a Reanalysis.

The methods of applied genetic toxicology are changing from qualitative hazard identification to quantitative risk assessment. Recently, quantitative analysis with point of departure (PoD) metrics and benchmark dose (BMD) modeling have been applied to in vitro genotoxicity data. Two software packages are commonly used for BMD analysis. In previous studies, we performed quantitative dose-response analysis by using the PROAST software to quantitatively evaluate the mutagenicity of four piperidine nitroxides with various substituent groups on the 4-position of the piperidine ring and six cigarette whole smoke solutions (WSSs) prepared by bubbling machine-generated whole smoke. In the present study, we reanalyzed the obtained genotoxicity data by using the EPA’s BMD software (BMDS) to evaluate the inter-platform quantitative agreement of the estimates of genotoxic potency. We calculated the BMDs for 10%, 50%, and 100% (i.e., a two-fold increase), and 200% increases over the concurrent vehicle controls to achieve better discrimination of the dose-responses, along with their BMDLs (the lower 95% confidence interval of the BMD) and BMDUs (the upper 95% confidence interval of the BMD). The BMD values and rankings estimated in this study by using the EPA’s BMDS were reasonably similar to those calculated in our previous studies by using PROAST. These results indicated that both software packages were suitable for dose-response analysis using the mouse lymphoma assay and that the BMD modeling results from these software packages produced comparable rank orders of the mutagenic potency.
An economic and policy case for proactive home energy management systems with photovoltaics and batteries

Abstract While Photovoltaics have become more cost-effective for homeowners, utilities still have to manage the uncertainty and variability that comes with it. This paper explores the use of photovoltaic and battery storage for homeowners under different utility rates by adding a proactive energy management system to optimize battery usage. Results show that one of the proposed cases can greatly improve the economics of investing in both photovoltaics and a battery system.
Abstract MS2-2: Missed opportunities - The perils of under-treatment

Although we have seen improvements in breast cancer survival over time, the pace of improvement has varied among patients with breast cancer, and disparities in breast cancer outcomes have widened for some sub-groups. In particular, black women, those without easy access to medical care, and those at the extremes of age (youngest and oldest patients), are at higher risk for sub-optimal treatment and consequent sub-optimal breast cancer outcomes. These disparities have evolved during an era of significant treatment advances in breast cancer such as hormonal therapy and HER2-directed therapy, with a concern that under-treatment has contributed to differences in breast cancer-specific survival. Though there are cases when over-treatment and over-diagnosis result in undue toxicity, worsened quality of life, and possible detrimental outcomes, there are also many cases where patients are simply under-treated. This under-treatment manifests in a number of ways, and not only in a lack of treatment receipt all together, but also in receipt of lower intensity, non-standard, delayed, or incomplete treatment, which may be most apparent in the setting of longer-term treatments such as hormonal therapy or maintenance HER2-directed therapy. The reasons for under-treatment are complex, highly variable, and may include clear and appropriate medical contraindications but also poor treatment adherence, social stressors which limit treatment completion, the high cost of care, and limited access to high-quality care. In addition, under-treatment likely occurs due to a lack of available prospective evidence to support ideal treatments in different patient sub-groups with the need to uncomfortably extrapolate and apply data from clinical trials where many subgroups are under-represented. We need to urgently improve the evidence base for populations at risk for under-treatment so that we can better understand the side effects and outcomes experienced for both standard treatments and alternative treatment strategies. We will never realize improved survival from breast cancer for all patients until we can assure that each patient is individually receiving the right therapy at the right time with the right amount and for the right duration. Citation Format: Freedman R. Missed opportunities - The perils of under-treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr MS2-2.
Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters.

Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioural biases in sympat...
Abstract 3539: Impact of formalin time on targeted NGS performance in FFPE tissue

Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel testing is now a standard of care for management of advanced stage cancer. At present, most targeted NGS oncology testing occurs with formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue. This is due to the established utility and prevalence of FFPE in routine histologic classification, grading, staging, and ancillary testing. In addition, FFPE materials are an optimally suited medium for determining adequacy of the specimen prior to downstream NGS targeted panel testing. For these reasons, as well as a growing trend of minimally invasive procedures, clinical specimens are increasingly prioritized for FFPE to meet the bulk of standard oncology care. Currently, formalin fixation time guidelines do exist for specific immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization oncology tests. However, specific FFPE processing guidelines have yet to be established that would optimize targeted NGS panel testing performance. In this study, our aim was to develop contrived FFPE materials using the FDA-led Sequencing Quality Control Phase II (SEQC2) consortium working group 2 (WG2) cell line materials. The overarching goal was to use these FFPE materials to identify an upper limit of formalin time associated with minimal impact on somatic variant calling performance in targeted NGS oncology panels. The SEQC2 - WG2 normal lymphoblast cell line was selected as a well-characterized test material to undergo systematic alteration in formalin fixation time (1, 2, 6 and 24 hours) prior to “routine” tissue processing and embedding (FFPE). These FFPE cell-block materials, derived from a single sample source (with both extracted FFPE DNA as well as shaved sections), were distributed to multiple labs running various targeted NGS amplicon and hybridization oncology panels. The expected outcome of these studies is to provide general guidance to the community on how formalin time in FFPE specimens impacts targeted NGS oncology panel testing performance. In addition, we hope to identify genomic regions (internal control regions) that serve as markers for the full range of formalin time FFPE-effect. This information will assist in improving the lower limit of detection for variant calling ( Citation Format: Thomas M. Blomquist, Erin Crawford, James Willey, Joshua Xu, Onco-panel Working Group of the Sequencing Quality Control Phase 2 (SEQC2) Consortium. Impact of formalin time on targeted NGS performance in FFPE tissue [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3539.
Thirty-day medical and surgical readmission following prenatal versus postnatal myelomeningocele repair.

OBJECTIVE Hospital readmission is an important quality metric that has not been evaluated in prenatal versus postnatal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair. This study compares hospital readmission outcomes between these two groups as well as their etiologies. METHODS The medical records of patients who had undergone MMC repair in the period from 2011 to 2017 at a single academic medical center were retrospectively reviewed. Collected clinical data included surgery and defect details, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, and any readmissions or surgical procedures up to 1 year after surgery. Patient and defect characteristics, readmission outcomes at 30 and 60 days and 1 year after discharge from the NICU, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion surgery rates were analyzed with the two-tailed t-test and/or k-sample test on the equality of medians. RESULTS A total of 24 prenatal and 34 postnatal MMC repairs were completed during the study period. Prenatally repaired patients were born more prematurely (p < 0.001) and with lower birth weights (p < 0.001), although the NICU stay was similar between the two groups (p = 0.59). Fewer prenatally repaired patients were readmitted at 30 days (p = 0.005), 90 days (p = 0.004), and 1 year (p = 0.007) than the postnatal repair group. Hydrocephalus was the most common readmission etiology, and 29% of prenatal repair patients required CSF diversion at 1 year versus 81% of the postnatal repair group (p < 0.01). Prenatal patients who required CSF diversion had a higher body weight (p = 0.02) and an older age (p = 0.01) at the time of CSF diversion surgery than the postnatal group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with prenatal MMC repair had fewer hospital readmissions at 30 days, 60 days, and 1 year than the postnatal repair group, despite similar NICU lengths of stay. The prenatal repair group had lower requirements for CSF diversion at 1 year and was older with greater body weights at the time of CSF diversion surgery, compared to those of the postnatal repair group. Future study of hospital quality metrics such as readmissions should be performed to better understand outcomes of these two procedures.
Highly Linear Magnetic-free Isolator Based on a Time-Modulated Differential RF MEMS Lattice Filter

This paper experimentally demonstrates the first time-varying magnetic-free RF MEMS isolator. For the first time, magnetic-free non-reciprocity is achieved by periodic modulation of an individual differential Aluminum Nitride (AlN) thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) based lattice filter. The fabricated FBAR lattice filter is used as an ultra-compact and low-loss frequency selective delay network and it is periodically modulated by RF switches. By taking advantage of the differential nature of the designed lattice architecture, only one MEMS filter is required to achieve non-reciprocity, significantly reducing the system complexity. Due to the high figure of merit (FoM) of the FBARs, large group delay (30 ns) is achieved with low insertion loss (IL) leading to the demonstration of a miniaturized RF isolator characterized simultaneously by low IL (5.8 dB), strong isolation ( $\text{IX} > 20$ dB), broad bandwidth (20 dB isolation bandwidth ∼20 MHz), and with an ultra-low modulation frequency (4.5 MHz). This modulation frequency is significantly lower compared to conventional magnetic-free non-reciprocal networks based on transmission lines and lumped elements. Furthermore, such a low modulation frequency allows the use of GaAs SPDT RF switches with large power handling performances, resulting in an isolator with the highest power handling performance and highest linearity ( $\mathrm{P}1\text{dB}=27.8\quad \text{dBm};\quad \text{IIP}3=51\quad \text{dBm}$ ) ever demonstrated among time-modulated magnetic-free non-reciprocal networks.
Lost and found: Rediscovery and genomic characterization of sowthistle yellow vein virus after a 30+ year hiatus.

Abstract Beginning in the 1960’s, sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV) was the subject of pioneering research that demonstrated propagation of a plant virus in its insect vector. Since the 1980’s there has been a paucity of research on SYVV, with historic isolates no longer maintained and no genomic sequence available. Once commonly observed infecting sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceous L.) in California, SYVV incidence declined ca. 1990, likely due to displacement of the black currant aphid (Hyperomyzus lactucae L.) by an invasive non-vector aphid. In 2018, SYVV was fortuitously rediscovered infecting sowthistle in an organic citrus grove in Kern County, CA. The SYVV genome sequence (13,719 nts) obtained from the 2018 sample (designated HWY65) encoded all six expected genes: N, P, MP, M, G, and L. Nucleotide sequence (representing ∼86 % of the genome) of the SYVV Berkeley lab isolate, used by E. S. Sylvester and colleagues for the paradigm-shifting research mentioned above, was determined from an archived library of cDNA clones constructed in 1986. The two nucleotide sequences share 98.5 % identity, confirming both represent the same virus, thereby linking biology of the historic isolate with extant SYVV rediscovered in 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of the L protein indicated SYVV is positioned within a clade containing a subset of viruses currently assigned to the genus Nucleorhabdovirus. As Nucleorhabdovirus is paraphyletic, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses has proposed abolishment of the genus and establishment of three new genera. In this revised taxonomy, the clade containing SYVV constitutes a new genus designated Betanucleorhabdovirus.
Why the Self Does Not Extend

The defensibility of the extended mind thesis (EMT) is often thought to hinge on the possibility of extended selves. I argue that the self cannot extend and consider the ramifications of this finding, especially for EMT. After an overview of EMT and the supposed cruciality of the extended self to the defensibility of the former thesis, I outline several lines of argument in support of the possibility of extended selves. Each line of argument appeals to a different account of diachronic personal identity. I argue that no such argument for extended selves succeeds, as no account of diachronic personal identity is both plausible and supports the view that the self can extend. Next, I consider three objections that, if successful, would undercut the preceding argument that the self cannot extend. I conclude by reflecting on the implications of the conclusion that the self cannot extend, including the prospects for EMT.
Mind goes where eyes can’t follow: internalizing the logics of capture

The pandemic in the United States has allowed for an experiment, at scale, in how a visually obsessed culture orients itself, frantically, towards the unseen—the virus, its transmission. Capture of...
Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care for Adults with Complex Childhood Onset Medical and Developmental Diagnoses

Increased life expectancy for individuals with complex pediatric-onset conditions means most of this population survive into adulthood. While this is great news for individuals and their families, the traditional adult medical model must adapt to extend the care provided by specialty pediatric practices to primary care. In this paper, we introduce a model of integrated behavioral health (IBH) in a primary care practice for adults with childhood onset medical and developmental conditions. Our discussion includes the role of IBH providers (i.e., psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers) as members of the integrated team, patient engagement and response to treatment, and innovative ways we strive to meet patient needs. Our review of electronic health records of patients seen at the UR Medicine Complex Care Center suggest that IBH is feasible and highly utilized, with 216 patients (40%) having had contact with an IBH provider on the team at least once. We discuss the challenges of meeting the longer-term needs of this complex patient population and our directions for future growth including creating peer and caregiver support networks, expanding services offered, and continued collaboration with community partners.
Organizational Efficacy of Small and Medium-Sized Suppliers: The Role of Information Quality and Continuous Quality Improvement

The role of information quality and continuous quality improvement was analyzed in regards to the organizational efficacy of small and medium-sized suppliers. It was anticipated that both variables would have positive relationships with organizational efficacy. Results supported these hypotheses and demonstrate the importance of firms controlling the flow of quality information and emphasizing continuous quality improvement in order to strengthen organizational efficacy. Given the significant impact of efficacy on individual and group performance and the relationships confirmed as part of the current study, future research is called for such that we might better understand the qualities that characterize the successful supply chain relationships for SMEs.
The conspiracy-effect: Exposure to conspiracy theories (about global warming) decreases pro-social behavior and science acceptance

Abstract Although public endorsement of conspiracy theories is growing, the potentially negative societal consequences of widespread conspiracy ideation remain unclear. While past studies have mainly examined the personality correlates of conspiracy ideation, this study examines the conspiracy-effect; the extent to which exposure to an actual conspiracy theory influences pro-social and environmental decision-making. Participants (N = 316) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; (a) a brief conspiracy video about global warming, (b) an inspirational pro-climate video or (c) a control group. Results indicate that those participants who were exposed to the conspiracy video were significantly less likely to think that there is widespread scientific agreement on human-caused climate change, less likely to sign a petition to help reduce global warming and less likely to donate or volunteer for a charity in the next six months. These results strongly point to the socio-cognitive potency of conspiracies and highlight that exposure to popular conspiracy theories can have negative and undesirable societal consequences.
Determination of anesthetic molecule environments by infrared spectroscopy. I. Effects of solvating molecule structure on nitrous oxide spectra.

Abstract The effects of the medium on the infrared spectrum of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) were determined in the antisymmetric stretch region near 2200 cm −1 for solutions of N 2 O in 38 different solvents at 25 °C. The solvents were chosen to reflect the variety of environments potentially available in sites occupied by N 2 O in nerve and other tissue. Band parameters of overlapping fundamental and hot bands were obtained with deconvolution techniques. Differences in solvent molecule structure had marked effects on both the frequency and the shape of the infrared bands. The fundamental band frequency ( v 3 ) ranged from 2215 cm −1 for carbon disulfide to 2230 cm −1 for water. Among the alcohols, v 3 increased nearly linearly with increasing dielectric constant. However, solvent parameters that reflect bulk properties of the solvent did not correlate well with v 3 over the entire range of solvents studied. Rather short-range specific solute-solvent molecular interactions appear particularly important. In general, v 3 increases with the strength and number of dipoles in adjacent solvent molecules interacting with the vibrating dipole of N 2 O. Half-bandwidths ( Δv 1 2 ) ranged from 7.4 cm −1 for carbon tetrachloride to 14.4 cm −1 for hexane. Variations in bandwidth did not correlate in any direct way with solvent polarity, but ( Δv 1 2 ) did increase with an increase in the conformational flexibility of the solvent molecule, which results in a greater diversity in the immediate environment about the N 2 O molecules. The observed sensitivity of the N 2 O infrared band parameters to changes in solvation environment and the appearance of the antisymmetric stretch band at a frequency within a window of relatively low-energy absorption by water makes infrared spectroscopy potentially useful for the characterization of the sites occupied by the anesthetic molecules within lipid, protein, and aqueous components of intact tissue.
Data Structures and Algorithms for Packet Forwarding and Classification: Prof. A.K. Choudhury Memorial Lecture

Packet forwarding and classification at Internet speed is a challenging task. We review the data structures that have been proposed for the forwarding and classification of Internet packets. Data structures for both one-dimensional and multidimensional classification as well as for static and dynamic rule tables are reviewed. Sample structures include multibit one- and two-dimensional tries and hybrid shape shifting tries. Hardware assisted solutions such as Ternary Content Addressable Memories also are reviewed.
Organization Development and Change

Organization development and change (also called OD) is a field of applied behavioral science focused on understanding and managing organizational change. OD techniques and approaches provide the HRM professional important tools to contribute to organizational effectiveness. Keywords: organizational change; organization development; organizational change and development; organizational development and change; change management; applied behavioral science
Properties of cD Galaxies

cD galaxies are the most luminous galaxies in the universe. They are characterized by a surface brightness profile that falls off more slowly with radius than most elliptical galaxies. In most respects D galaxies are a continuous extrapolation from other ellipticals: their M/L and their colors are comparable to other ellipticals, their inner parts are fitted by an r 1/4 law, and they follow the same relation between L and σ. On the other hand, their luminosity is too bright to be consistent with the luminosity function of other ellipticals and they are always found at the center of a cluster of other galaxies. Being at the center of a cluster of galaxies often endows D galaxies with a very faint, very extended halo of luminosity and multiple nuclei, but these are more properly associated with the cluster than the D galaxy itself. The connection between the formation of cD galaxies and the formation of clusters remains a mystery. It is still unresolved whether cDs are a byproduct of cluster evolution, whether they formed in parallel with clusters, or whether primeval D are galaxies the seed around which clusters accreted.
English Schooled: International Society Between Hegemony and Jihad

Combating Jihadism: American Hegemony and Interstate Cooperation in the War on Terrorism. By Barak Mendelsohn, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009. 304 pp., $45.00 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-226-52011-7). Barak Mendelsohn breathes new life into English School theory and policy relevance with Combating Jihadism: American Hegemony and Interstate Cooperation . As a state-centric perspective focusing on the rules and order of “international society,” the English School (ES) has been a realist cousin, whereby state interests and power matter but with a hint of sociality defining legitimate action in ways that transcend realist materialism. Just what exactly ES offers in contrast to realism and other theoretical views has not always been clear in the thirty-plus years since Hedley Bull's foundational book, The Anarchical Society . Mendelsohn revisits the perspective, freshens it up with policy-relevant focus on both the transnational terrorism and the age of American hegemony. In so doing, he relates these two as twin forces that international society guards against in its pursuit of survival and stability as a community of sovereign states. While not wholly successful in his theoretical or empirical tasks, he makes a plausible case for taking norms and normative behavior seriously in the study of both counterterrorism and hegemonic orders. Mendelsohn's thesis is that transnational “jihadism” is a threat to international society. He argues that disparate states with their own interests nonetheless come together and cooperate because of a desire to preserve the social order threatened by transnational jihadists. Such various states set aside differences and bear high material costs to do so, even following the “hegemonic” power, the United States, to uphold the survival and stability of international society. But, cooperation is contingent on the hegemon's leadership being …
Chromatic dispersion monitoring and automated compensation for NRZ and RZ data using clock regeneration and fading without adding signaling

We show that the clock signal can be extracted from both NRZ and RZ data, and that this extracted signal power represents the total accumulated dispersion. We also demonstrate dynamic dispersion compensation at 10 Gbit/s using the extracted power as a control signal.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CLOSELY RELATED SIBLING SPECIES DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA, DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS AND DROSOPHILA MIRANDA.

Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis and D. miranda are three closely related sibling species. D. pseudoobscura is the most widespread species; the geographic distribution range of D. persimilis is included within that of D. pseudoobscura, while the distribution range of D. miranda is included within that of D. persimilis. D. pseudoobscura is found in a wide variety of environments, D. persimilis is restricted to cooler and moister habitats, and D. miranda prefers even cooler and more humid environments (Dobzhansky and Epling, 1944). D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis differ from each other in the gene arrangements of the XL and the second chromosome. The Standard gene arrangement of the XR chromosome in D. pseudoobscura is found in the sex ratio XR chromosome of D. persimilis. The Standard XR chromosome of D. persimilis is not found in D. pseudoobscura. Both D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis have extensive inversion polymorphism in the third chromosome, which is different in the two species except the Standard inversion which is found in both species (Dobzhansky and Epling, 1944). The chromosomes of D. miranda differ from the other two species by a large number of inversions (Dobzhansky, 1970). One of the autosomes of D. pseudoobscura is present only once in the chromosome group of D. miranda males; D. pseudoobscura is XX and XY in the female and the male respectively; D. miranda is X1X1X2X2 in the female and X'X2Y in the male (Dobzhansky, 1935). The Y chromosome of D. miranda has some regions which are homologous to X2 of D. miranda and the corresponding autosome of D. pseudoobscura (MacKnight, 1939). D. pseudoobscura, D. persimilis and D. miranda occur sympatrically in nature, they do not mate in nature, and in laboratory experiments strong sexual isolation is observed between them; D. miranda shows the strongest sexual isolation with the other two species. In the laboratory, D. pseudoobscura when crossed to D. persimilis produces sterile F1 males and fertile F1 females. Crosses of D. miranda with D. pseudoobscura or D. persimilis produce sterile hybrids of both sexes (Dobzhansky, 1970). Genetic variation at 43 different loci has been studied by electrophoresis of proteins and enzymes in several populations of D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis (Prakash et al., 1969; Prakash, 1969; Prakash, 1977a; Prakash, 1977b). In this paper, the gene frequency data for these three species are presented. The data on D. miranda are reported here for the first time and the average gene frequency data for the other two species are presented for comparison.
Precipitation and Coarsening of Magnesioferrite in Dilute Solutions of Iron in MgO

The precipitation and coarsening of magnesioferrite in MgO containing 1% Fe, prepared at 1440°C and aged at 700° and 800° C in air, were investigated by quantitative electron microscopy and magnetic analysis. The particles are superparamagnetic. The results of the two methods agree. The volume fraction of precipitate quickly reaches essentially its final value; then the particles grow according to the law of diffusion-controlled coarsening. The precipitate becomes anisotropic at long aging times.
Estrogen regulation of noradrenergic signaling in the hypothalamus.

Hypothalamic circuits utilizing the monoamine neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) may be key elements upon which the ovarian steroids estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) act to regulate female reproductive behavior. Recent studies have focused on the modulation of hypothalamic NE release by E2 and P treatments that facilitate sexual behavior. Brain microdialysis studies suggest that oxytocin, a neuropeptide known to enhance lordosis when infused into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of E2 + P-primed females, modulates NE release in the VMH. Systemic administration of oxytocin reliably enhances extracellular NE levels in the VMH of animals primed with moderate doses of both E2 and P. Thus, ovarian steroids may facilitate female sexual behavior in part by promoting oxytocin-induced NE release in the VMH. Studies examining the release of 3H-NE from superfused hypothalamic slices indicate that estrogen treatment also facilitates NE neurotransmission by attenuating α2-adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of NE release. Hypothalamic α2-adrenergic receptors are not downregulated by estrogen, suggesting that brain adrenoceptor function can be modulated by E2 independent of changes in receptor density. A model is proposed wherein E2 and P enhance hypothalamic NE release, leading to increased excitability of VMH neuronal activity and the expression of lordosis behavior.
Observation of anomalous conical emission from laser-excited barium vapor

The authors have observed an anomalous emission feature from a dense (\ensuremath{\sim} ${10}^{16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) barium vapor illuminated with a ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ pumped dye laser (peak intensity \ensuremath{\sim} 1 MW ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$). The input laser wavelength was 552.5 nm, 1 nm shorter in wavelength than the barium $6{s}^{2}^{1}S\ensuremath{-}6s6p^{1}P$ resonance transition. In the forward direction strong emission was observed emerging from the barium vapor in the form of an conical shell of half-angle \ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} at \ensuremath{\sim}1% of the incident laser intensity. The emission was broad in wavelength (3 nm) and peaked 1 nm longer in wavelength than the Ba $6{s}^{2}^{1}S\ensuremath{-}6s6p^{1}P$ transition. Self-focusing of the laser beam by the barium vapor was observed under the same conditions. Although the emission is intense, an adequate explanation of this phenomenon has yet to be found.