cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of GaAs, GaP, and CVD diamond

The optical properties of GaAs, GaP, and CVD diamond, which are being developed by Texas Instruments specifically for infrared optics, are continually being improved. The data reported here indicates the current usefulness and directions for further improvement of these materials. Bulk-grown GaAs has been developed that has near-intrinsic absorption coefficients for both high-resistivity (107 ohm-cm) and conductive (<1 ohm-cm) type material. Its transparency extends from 0.9 to 16.0 micrometers . The absorption coefficient at 1.06 micrometers is 0.3 cm-1 for high-resistivity GaAs and 0.5 cm-1 for conductive GaAs. The absorption coefficients for 2 to 12 micrometers are <0.01 cm-1 for high-resistivity GaAs up to nearly 400 degree(s)C and up to nearly 200 degree(s)C for the conductive GaAs. GaP is transparent from 0.6 to 12.0 micrometers . The absorption coefficient at 1.06 micrometers is 0.1 cm -1; from 2 to 7 micrometers , the coefficients are <0.01 cm-1; from 8 to 10 micrometers , they are <0.1 cm-1, except at 9.25, where the coefficient is 0.5 cm-1. Diamond is transparent from 0.2 to 4.0 micrometers and for all wavelengths beyond 5.5 micrometers . Current CVD diamond is limited by light scattering, hydrogen and other impurity absorption, and defect-induced one-phonon absorption. Absorption coefficient values at 8 to 12 micrometers are 1 cm -1 with some peak absorption of a few cm-1.
Abstract C2: High-content imaging facilities modeling of cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling network

Background: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critically involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression except its fundamental role to development and tissue remodeling. Although the full spectrum of signaling agents that contribute to EMTs of carcinoma cells remains unclear, the interactions and coordination of individual known molecules or pathways that contribute to EMT phenotype as a network are not well studied. The EMT signaling network is complicate in nature, as such, a systems mathematical modeling is especially valuable to help understand and characterize genes that are mediated individually or in combination in the context of relevant signaling pathways, and such models would help to predict feedback loop in the network and provide candidate strategies to control the signaling transduction furthermore guide us make clinic research available after the further validation. Experimental design and methods: siRNA-mediated knockdown of individual nine EMT-related genes in mesenchymal like cancer cell line (HMLE-Ras-Snail and U87), and epithelial cell lines (HMLE-Ras-vector and MCF10A) were imaged in a time-lapse manner at single cell resolution. Multiple cell phenotype features were extracted by image informatics analysis. Thirteen proteins including the 9 siRNA targeted genes as well as 4 epithelial and mesenchymal marker proteins were profiled by Western blot. Bioinformatics modeling was performed to create a gene EMT network and describe the genes or pathway interactions which are dominant for EMT or MET phenotypes. Results: Each individual siRNA knockdown indicated by western blot, concomitantly incucyte captured clear cell morphology changes due to RNA silence: silencing TJP1, PXN, FLNA, CCNE1switched cells to mesenchymal-like, silencing Gli3, CTNNB1, PSEN1 induced cells more Epithelial-like. However not every maker protein showed as significant changes as images parameters (cell width/length ratio, protrusion ect) did. Therefore by using traditional biochemical and imaging two approaches, we will identify the confident genes for EMT regulation. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that high-content imaging is a reliable and convenient tool to help us to distinguish crucial metastasis genes and related pathway from other ambiguous, redundant and broad genes network that is valuable for us to interpret the intricate EMT mechanism. Citation Format: Xiaoping Zhu, Yin Zhen, Hong Zhao, Stephen Wong. High-content imaging facilities modeling of cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling network. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C2.
Analytic Properties of the Onsager Solution of the Ising Model

The analytic properties of the Onsager solution of the two-dimensional Ising lattice in zero external magnetic field are investigated. The free energy above the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ can be regarded as an analytic function in the $u$ plane, where $u=\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{4J}{{k}_{B}T})$, with singularities at $u=0, \ensuremath{\infty}, \mathrm{and} \mathrm{exp}(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\frac{4J}{{k}_{B}{T}_{c}})$. But its analytic continuation below the critical temperature does not describe a stable thermodynamic phase. Similar statements are true for the free energy below the critical temperature. The famous logarithmic singularity is briefly discussed. Finally, the knowledge of the analytic properties is shown, by elementary considerations, to explain the nonanalytic behavior at vanishing external field below the critical temperature---a result first enunciated by Yang and Lee for the free energy in the presence of an external magnetic field.
Relaxation of the methylene blue monomer–dimer equilibrium in supercooled glycerol near the glass transition

Abstract The relaxation of the methylene blue monomer–dimer equilibrium in supercooled glycerol near the glass transition temperature, T g , was studied by monitoring the change in the optical absorbance associated with dimer formation during continuous cool/heat cycles. A hysteresis is observed in the absorbance at ≈ T g +25 K. Based on an analysis of the data using the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan model, relaxation in the hysteresis region is exponential. Exponential relaxation and the occurrence of the hysteresis at temperatures above the calorimetric T g are rationalized in terms of the length scale for monomer diffusion versus the length scale of the dynamic heterogeneity in glycerol.
Exploring how response distortion of personality measures affects individuals

We use a within-person research design to compare response distortion on personality test scores obtained in a simulated selection context with scores obtained in a condition without motivation to distort. Even after accounting for measurement error, rank order changes result in a significant number of individuals being selected based on their selection context scores who would not be selected based on their nonmotivated scores. Yet, many individuals who distort do not elevate their scores enough to move to the top of the distribution, which alleviates some concern about combining personality measures with top-down selection procedures that adopt a low selection ratio. Common correction methods failed to accurately detect individuals who distort, and the correction practice of partialling lie scale scores from personality traits inaccurately eliminated individuals who did not truly distort.
Almost-passivity and simple adaptive control of non-stationary continuous linear systems

Recently it was shown for continuous and discrete-time stationary linear systems that the output stabilizability property of systems can be used to realize ‘almost–positive–rear configurations that may facilitate the implementation of simple, stable, adaptive, and other non–linear controllers. This paper attempts to extend these concepts to time–varying linear systems. It is shown that systems that can be stabilized via static or dynamic output feedback become ’almost–passive‘ via some corresponding parallel feedforward. The proof of the robust stability of simple adaptive control of non–stationary almost–passive systems is also presented.
Thin-layer chromatography of vitamin D and related sterols.

Abstract Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on Silica Gel G or on Alumina GF is a simple and useful tool for the investigation of vitamin D and related sterols. The use of Alumina GF layers and chloroform or petroleum ether (b.p. 37°–59°)—benzene (50:50, v/v) as solvents yields the best separation and sensitivity. It allows specific detection of samples on the basis of their U.V. absorbance or fluorescence characteristics, followed by staining with antimony trichloride or other spray reagents, and finally charring with 75% sulfuric acid. Vitamin D can also be quantitatively recovered after TLC by elution of the layer with methanol.
GVT algorithms and discrete event dynamics on 129K+ processor cores

Parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) represents a class of codes that are challenging to scale to large number of processors due to tight global timestamp-ordering and fine-grained event execution. One of the critical factors in scaling PDES is the efficiency of the underlying global virtual time (GVT) algorithm needed for correctness of parallel execution and speed of progress. Although many GVT algorithms have been proposed previously, few have been proposed for scalable asynchronous execution and none customized to exploit one-sided communication. Moreover, the detailed performance effects of actual GVT algorithm implementations on large platforms are unknown. Here, three major GVT algorithms intended for scalable execution on high-performance systems are studied: (1) a synchronous GVT algorithm that affords ease of implementation, (2) an asynchronous GVT algorithm that is more complex to implement but can relieve blocking latencies, and (3) a variant of the asynchronous GVT algorithm, proposed and studied for the first time here, to exploit one-sided communication in extant supercomputing platforms. Performance results are presented of implementations of these algorithms on up to 129,024 cores of a Cray XT5 system, exercised on a range of parameters: optimistic and conservative synchronization, fine-to medium-grained event computation, synthetic and non-synthetic applications, and different lookahead values. Performance to the tune of tens of billions of events executed per second are registered, exceeding the speeds of any known PDES engine, and showing asynchronous GVT algorithms to outperform state-of-the-art synchronous GVT algorithms. Detailed PDES-specific runtime metrics are presented to further the understanding of tightly-coupled discrete event dynamics on massively parallel platforms.
Parallel and I/O efficient set covering algorithms

This paper presents the design, analysis, and implementation of parallel and sequential I/O-efficient algorithms for set cover, tying together the line of work on parallel set cover and the line of work on efficient set cover algorithms for large, disk-resident instances.Our contributions are twofold: First, we design and analyze a parallel cache-oblivious set-cover algorithm that offers essentially the same approximation guarantees as the standard greedy algorithm, which has the optimal approximation. Our algorithm is the first efficient external-memory or cache-oblivious algorithm for when neither the sets nor the elements fit in memory, leading to I/O cost (cache complexity) equivalent to sorting in the Cache Oblivious or Parallel Cache Oblivious models. The algorithm also implies elow cache misses on parallel hierarchical memories (again, equivalent to sorting). Second, building on this theory, we engineer variants of the theoretical algorithm optimized for different hardware setups. We provide experimental evaluation showing substantial speedups over existing algorithms without compromising the solution's quality.
Cathodic photoprocesses on titania films and in aqueous suspensions

Abstract The interaction and photocatalytic reactivity of 12 metal (or metalloid) ions: Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Tl + , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Se 4+ , Ag + , Hg 2+ , Cr 6+ , and Au 3+ , with UV-irradiated TiO 2 surfaces were compared. Two distinct groups were discerned, the first six ionic species showing essentially no or a very weak tendency to accept photogenerated electrons from TiO 2 , and the last six, showing a strong tendency to undergo photocatalytic reduction. The selenium species were abnormal, both in their tendency toward strong adsorption on the TiO 2 surface in the dark, and in their very high photocatalytic reactivity. Chronopotentiometry measurements on TiO 2 films provided complementary data to those obtained from UV-irradiated titania suspensions. Collectively, the photocatalytic reactivity of the 12 species of interest here, could be correlated with the energy location of the corresponding redox couples in solution with respect to the TiO 2 conduction band-edge.
Field application of the Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique (NEAT): task-based air monitoring during the processing of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) at four facilities.

In early 2006, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health created a field research team whose mission is to visit a variety of facilities engaged in the production, handling, or use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and to conduct initial emission and exposure assessments to identify candidate sites for further study. To conduct the assessments, the team developed the Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique (NEAT), which has been used at numerous facilities to sample multiple engineered nanomaterials. Data collected at four facilities, which volunteered to serve as test sites, indicate that specific tasks can release ENMs to the workplace atmosphere and that traditional controls such as ventilation can be used to limit exposure. Metrics such as particle number concentration (adjusted for background), airborne mass concentration, and qualitative transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the presence, nature, and magnitude of emissions and whether engineered nanomaterials mi...
Evaluation as a function of correspondence and hedonic relevance

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test and refine some of the implications of Jones and Davis' (1965) model of the attribution process in person perception. Subjects read anecdotes about actors who performed either in-role (low correspondence) or out-of-role (high correspondence) behaviors which were positive, negative, or neutral in the subject's estimation (hedonic relevance). Respect and admiration for the actor were influenced by both hedonic relevance and correspondence (did the action reflect an inner attribute?), but liking and friendship were affected by hedonic relevance only. The implications for the evaluation process in person perception were discussed.
Vh family utilization by igg anti‐dna–secreting lymphocytes derived from autoimmune mrl‐lpr/lpr mice

Objective. To evaluate the heterogeneity of the IgG anti-DNA autoantibody response of MRL/lpr mice. Methods. B cell clones were grown on nitrocellulose membranes. Those producing IgG anti-DNA antibodies were identified by a modified enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and their utilization of IgVH genes was determined by hybridization. Results. Four hundred sixty-eight IgG anti-DNA–secreting colonies were derived from 9 autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. Individual VH families contributed to anti-DNA production at a frequency roughly proportional to their representation in the expressed repertoire (except for the more frequent use of VH 7183 and less frequent use of VH 36-60). In individual mice, anti-DNA antibodies were encoded by 2–5 different IgVH families, with no single family constituting more than 27–65% of any animal's anti-DNA response. Conclusion. The IgG anti-DNA response of individual MRL/lpr mice is oligoclonal.
Advances in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiency

The transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in patients with primary immunodeficiencies has improved significantly over the last 40 years. In favorable circumstances when there is minimal or no infection present, no end-organ damage and the availability of a well HLA-matched donor, survival and cure reaches 90%. Barriers to further success include late identification of disease, with accumulation of infection- and inflammation-related organ damage, stem cell manipulation when there is no HLA-matched donor, toxicity of conditioning regimens and prediction and treatment of graft-versus-host disease. This review will outline recent developments in conditioning regimens, stem cell source manipulation and early detection and treatment of graft-versus-host disease, with a particular emphasis on patients with primary immunodeficiency.
The Cardiac Mitochondrion: Nexus of Stress

The emergence of mitochondria as critical regulators of cardiac myocyte survival and death has revolutionized the field of cardiac biology. Indeed, it is now well recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiac diseases. A panoply of mitochondrial proteins/complexes ranging from canonical apoptosis proteins such as Bcl2 and Bax, through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, to ion channels such as mitochondrial KATP channels and connexin-43 have now been implicated as critical regulators of cardiac cell death. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to focus on these mitochondrial mediators/inhibitors of cell death and to address the specific mechanisms that underlie their ability to influence cardiac pathology.
Update on the pharmacologic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation. Prevention of disease progression; improvement of symptoms, exercise tolerance, and health status; and decrease in exacerbations and mortality are the goals of management. Inhaled short-acting bronchodilators are recommended for symptoms in mild disease, whereas inhaled long-acting bronchodilators are recommended for maintenance therapy of daily symptoms. When symptoms are not controlled using one bronchodilator, combining bronchodilators may be more effective. Combining a long-acting β-agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid is more effective than either agent alone. Several novel therapies are in different stages of development.
Primary extraneural myxopapillary ependymoma of the broad ligament

Primary extraneural ependymomas are rare tumors that arise in ectopic sites, including pulmonary, sacrococcygeal region, ovarian, and paraovarian tissues. Four such ependymomas reported in the literature involve the paraovarian tissues, including 2 broad ligament ependymomas. Here we describe a myxopapillary ependymoma of the broad ligament in a 22-year-old woman, which may be the first tumor of this type to be reported in this location. Cytology, histology, cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry ploidy analysis are studied and described. Identification of perivascular ependymal rosettes, ependymal canals, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, cytochemical staining of blepharoplasts or terminal bars by phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, and presence of multiple foci of myxoid degeneration among the ependymal rosettes characterized a myxopapillary ependymoma.
Recommendations Implicit in Policy Defaults

Should people be considered organ donors after their death unless they request not to be, or should they not be considered donors unless they request to be? Because people tend to stay with the default in a variety of domains, policymakers' choice of default has large and often important effects. In the United States, where the organ-donation policy default is “not a donor,” about 5,000 people die every year because there are too few donors. Four experiments examined two domains—being an organ donor and saving for retirement—where default effects occur and have important implications. The results indicate that default effects occur in part because policymakers' attitudes can be revealed through their choice of default, and people perceive the default as indicating the recommended course of action. Policymakers need to be aware of the implicit messages conveyed by their choice of default.
Position paper: why are there so many vulnerabilities in web applications?

As the Web has become more and more ubiquitous, the number of attacks on web applications have increased substantially. According to a recent report, over 80 percent of web applications have had at least one serious vulnerability. This percentage is alarmingly higher than traditional applications. Something must be fundamentally wrong in the web infrastructure.Based on our research, we have formulated the following position: when choosing the stateless framework for the Web, we ignored a number of security properties that are essential to applications. As a result, the Trusted Computing Base(TCB) of the Web has significant weaknesses. To build secure stateful applications on top of a weakened TCB, developers have to implement extra protection logic in their web applications, making development difficult and error prone, and thereby causing a number of security problems in web applications. In this paper, we will present evidence, justification, and in-depth analysis to support this position.
A view from the bridge: Insider/Outsider perspective in a study of the Welfare Rights Movement:

This article examines the use of a conceptual framework informed by intersectionality in a study of women’s participation in the Welfare Rights Movement occurring in the United States from 1964–197...
The Neurobiology of Intervention and Prevention in Early Adversity

Early adverse experiences are well understood to affect development and well-being, placing individuals at risk for negative physical and mental health outcomes. A growing literature documents the effects of adversity on developing neurobiological systems. Fewer studies have examined stress neurobiology to understand how to mitigate the effects of early adversity. This review summarizes the research on three neurobiological systems relevant to interventions for populations experiencing high levels of early adversity: the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis, the prefrontal cortex regions involved in executive functioning, and the system involved in threat detection and response, particularly the amygdala. Also discussed is the emerging field of epigenetics and related interventions to mitigate early adversity. Further emphasized is the need for intervention research to integrate knowledge about the neurobiological effects of prenatal stressors (e.g., drug use, alcohol exposure) and early adversity. The review concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research topic for clinical psychology practice and public policy.
Grid Fin Aerodynamics for Missile Applications in Subsonic Flow

The aerodynamic analysis of grid fin configurations has been extended to generic cruciform configurations oriented at any azimuthal angle. The generality of grid fin designs has been retained providing orientations for up to four fins as mounted on or near the surface of a missile airframe. The theoretical analysis is based on a vortex lattice overlay of the lifting elements and includes appropriate body upwash terms as well as wing-body carryover load prediction. This basic approach produces adequate modeling for small angles of attack and small fin incidence angles for any grid fin located at any azimuthal position around the body. For higher angles of attack, empirical equations have been developed for fin coefficients and for the body aerodynamic coefficients. Entire fourfin configurations are generically modeled, and solutions are obtained in an iterative manner. Excellent agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions has been obtained for the configuration considered up to angles of attack of 20 deg and fin incidence angles of 30 deg. For grid fin designs other than the one considered in the wind-tunnel test and for higher angles of attack, the agreement between the theory and experimental results has not yet been established.
The general transition metal (Tro) and Zn2+ (Znu) transporters in Treponema pallidum: analysis of metal specificities and expression profiles

Acquisition of transition metals is central to the struggle between a bacterial pathogen and its mammalian host. Previous studies demonstrated that Treponema pallidum encodes a cluster-9 (C9) ABC transporter (troABCD) whose solute-binding protein component (TroA) ligands Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) with essentially equal affinities. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that T. pallidum encodes an additional C9 transporter (tp0034-36) orthologous to Zn(2+)-uptake (Znu) systems in other bacteria; the binding protein component, ZnuA, contains a His-rich tract characteristic of C9 Zn(2+)-binding proteins. Metal analysis and metal-reconstitution studies demonstrated that ZnuA is a Zn(2+)-binding protein; parallel studies confirmed that TroA binds Zn(2+), Mn(2+) and Fe. Circular dichroism showed that ZnuA, but not TroA, undergoes conformational changes in the presence of Zn(2+). Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we demonstrated that TroA binds Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) with affinities approximately 100-fold greater than those previously reported. ITC analysis revealed that ZnuA contains multiple Zn(2+)-binding sites, two of which are high-affinity and presumed to be located within the binding pocket and His-rich loop. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of tro and znu transcripts combined with immunoblot analysis of TroA and ZnuA confirmed that both transporters are simultaneously expressed in T. pallidum and that TroA is expressed at much greater levels than ZnuA. Collectively, our findings indicate that T. pallidum procures transition metals via the concerted utilization of its general metal (Tro) and Zn(2+) (Znu) transporters. Sequestration of periplasmic Zn(2+) by ZnuA may free up TroA binding capacity for the importation of Fe and Mn(2+).
Analysis of error due to presence of gaps in the measurement of rock samples in a coaxial line

The theory of coaxial-line-scattering-matrix method is reviewed and the theory of gap correction is developed. Discussion includes the influence due to the presence of gaps on the apparent rock property. Correction charts to correct measured complex permittivity of rock sample to its actual value are produced. These charts are useful in the interpretation of the measured data of rock properties using the coaxial-line-scattering-matrix method.
Key signaling nodes in mammary gland development and cancer: β-catenin

β-Catenin plays important roles in mammary development and tumorigenesis through its functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and regulation of cell-context-specific gene expression. Studies in mice have highlighted the critical role of β-catenin signaling for stem cell biology at multiple stages of mammary development. Deregulated β-catenin signaling disturbs stem and progenitor cell dynamics and induces mammary tumors in mice. Recent data showing deregulated β-catenin signaling in metaplastic and basal-type tumors suggest a similar link to reactivated developmental pathways and human breast cancer. The present review will discuss β-catenin as a central transducer of numerous signaling pathways and its role in mammary development and breast cancer.
Readability approaches: Implications for Turkey

Finding the right fit between students’ reading ability and textbooks is very important for comprehension. Readability studies aim to analyse texts to find the right fit between students and texts. In this literature review, readability studies are classified under quantitative, qualitative and combined quantitative-qualitative readability approaches. The quantitative approach includes readability formulas, cloze test, and checklists and scales. The qualitative approach consists of leveling and checklists. The combined qualitative and quantitative readability approach is new in the field. In this approach, readability formulas can be used together with benchmark passages and checklists. The literature shows that readability formulas rely heavily on surface features of a text, and gives a rough estimate of the text readability. The qualitative approach focuses on the quality of writing style, and is criticised as being too subjective. The paper concludes by evaluating the implications of readability studies for Turkey. Readability, quantitative and qualitative approaches, Turkey, cloze procedure
Unilateral versus bilateral stage I neuromodulator lead placement for the treatment of refractory voiding dysfunction.

Aims To determine if bilateral S3 lead placement during the stage I trial period improves the “success” rate for advancing to stage II (permanent) sacral neuromodulator placement. Methods A retrospective chart review of 124 (20 male and 104 female) patients undergoing stage I sacral neuromodulation (InterStim®, Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) implantation for the treatment of refractory voiding dysfunction was performed. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on unilateral versus bilateral stage I lead placement in the S3 foramina. Both groups were then evaluated and compared with regards to overall “success”, defined as progression from stage I to stage II placement. Results Fifty-five (44%) patients underwent unilateral stage I lead placement and 69 (56%) received bilateral S3 leads. Successful stage I trials were reported in 32/55 (58%) and 53/69 (76%) of unilateral and bilateral cohorts, respectively (P = 0.03). Five wound infections were reported—2 (3.6%) following unilateral and 3 (4.3%) after bilateral stage I lead placement. No other complications were encountered. Conclusions Bilateral stage I neuromodulation trial provides a significantly higher rate of improvement in refractory voiding symptoms to allow for the progress to stage II implantation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:779–781, 2008, © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Association with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhosis and Ascites

Objective:To evaluate the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) when they are used in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.Data Sources:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1966-May 2012) and Web of Science (1990-May 2012) with the terms proton pump inhibitor, antisecretory therapy, cirrhosis, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and Clostridium difficile. The search was restricted to articles published in English on the use of PPIs in humans. Reference citations from identified published articles were reviewed for relevant information.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All articles in English identified from the data sources were evaluated for inclusion. One case series, 8 retrospective case-control trials, and 1 meta-analysis were identified.Data Synthesis:Cirrhosis may cause complications such as portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and ascites. Patients may be prescribed PPIs without clear indications or because of their propensity to deve...
Green and lanford revisited

This article is concerned with the approach to quantum-mechanical scattering theory in which one tries to deduce existence of the M$11er wave operators by studying the stationary-state wave-funcfions of the Hamiltonian. Various applications of this approach can be found in the literature. For nonradial potentitals, perhaps the most famous work is by IKEBE [6]. For the radial case, with which we shall be almost exclusively concerned here, the paper of GREEN and LANFORD [5] is probably the outstanding reference. In recent years, the approach mentioned above has been somewhat overshadowed by others, in particular the powerful and successful trace-class methods. Our theme here is that the approach via stationary-state wave-functions still has its attractions. In particular, if it is successful, one obtains a concrete expression for the M$11er wave operators in terms of the stationary-state wave-functions, providing a connection between the conceptually satisfying timedependent theory and the experimentally important time-independent theory. Also, if radial potentials are studied, weak asymptotic completeness is usually obtained "free". Finally, and these are the points which we shall emphasize: (i) for radial potentials, the aproach is extremely simple conceptually: modulo a few technicalities, the entire problem boils down to the question "How fast does a solution of the radial Schf6dinger equation approach 'free' behavior as r ~ oo ?"; (ii) the approach has recently been used [1-3] to analyze scattering problems which had not been dealt with by other methods, the premier examples being scattering by radial potentials of the VON NEUMANN-WIGNER-type [12] and other oscillatory potentials of slow decay. These are not "short range" potentials, and are difficult to analyse by methods which focus only on the "size" of the potential. The oscillations of the potentials, nevertheless, mitigate their total impact on the scattering process, and a natural way to assess this total impact is to study the stationary-state wave-functions, whose behavior reflects not just the value of the potential at a point but its net effect over an interval.
Image layer decomposition for distributed real-time rendering on clusters

We propose a novel work partitioning technique, image layer decomposition (ILD), designed specifically to support distributed real-time rendering on commodity clusters. ILD has several advantages over previous partitioning algorithms for our targeted environment, including its compatibility with the use of hardware graphics accelerators, decoupling of communication bandwidth requirement from scene complexity, and reduced communication bandwidth growth as the system size increases. Furthermore, ILD tries to optimize the rendering of a sequence of frames (of an interactive application) instead of only individual frames. We simulate ILD using traces taken from a VRML viewer Our results show that ILD can be expected to work well up to moderately sized clusters and to outperform sort-last, a common partitioning approach, because of its smaller communication bandwidth requirement.
Formalization of Genome Interval Relations

In order to take full advantage of next generation genomics data, I need informatics methods to be based on agreed upon formally specified standards that can be implemented easily in a uniform fashion without ambiguity. These standards should be encoded as logical formulae, so that provably correct and efficient decision procedures can be used for query answering and validation. In this paper I present the core of such a standard for sequence data: a collection of definitions of relations that hold between genomic intervals, and an alegbra for performing operations upon these intervals. I show how these relations can be used to extend formalize concepts in the Sequence Ontology (SO).
Pulmonary Manifestations of Vasculitis

Respiratory manifestations in patients with a primary systemic vasculitis syndrome need to be separated into those caused by the vasculitis itself, those related to treatment complications, and those caused by unrelated or only indirectly related comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea. Respiratory tract involvement is most common in the ANCA-associated vasculitides. Respiratory manifestations are less frequent and less prominent in other forms of systemic vasculitis, but they may nevertheless represent significant management challenges and carry a poor prognosis. This chapter reviews the tracheobronchial and pulmonary parenchymal disease manifestations, their clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis for each of the vasculitis syndromes. A systematic differential diagnostic approach to the patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is also provided.
Facial nerve palsy, parotid mass and Epstein–Barr virus

Abstract We report the case of a seven year old girl with 22q11 deletion mosaicism who presented with a sudden onset rapidly enlarging left parotid mass and ipsilateral facial nerve paresis. MRI and cytology were inconclusive. She underwent partial superficial parotidectomy to obtain definitive histopathology, which was reported as suggestive of acute Epstein Barr infection. A subsequent quantitative Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) PCR clinched the diagnosis four weeks after her initial presentation. She was stared on oral Valgancyclovir and her facial nerve showed recovery. We discuss the challenges faced in managing this case with delayed conclusive diagnosis of acute Epstein Barr virus infection.
“High School Theatre Isn’t What It Used to Be”: A Review of Temporary Stages II: Critically Oriented Drama Education, by Jo Beth Gonzalez

A few years ago, I was asked by playwright Max Bush to moderate an American Alliance for Theatre and Education panel on political theatre by and with young audiences. I remember Max and Jo Beth Gon...
(E)-13-(4-Amino­phen­yl)parthenolide

The title compound, C21H25NO3 [systematic name: (3aS,9aR,10aR,10bS,E)-3-[(E)-4-(4-amino­benzyl­idene)-6,9a-dimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9,9a,10a,10b-octa­hydro­oxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclo­deca­[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one] was obtained from the reaction of parthenolide [synonym: 4,5-ep­oxy­germacra-1(10),11(13)-dieno-12,6-lactone] with 4-iodo­aniline under Heck reaction conditions. It was identified as the E-isomer (conformation about the exocyclic methyl­idene C=C bond; the conformation about the C=C bond in the ten-membered ring is also E). The mol­ecule is built up from fused ten-, five- (lactone) and three-membered (epoxide) rings with a 4-amino­phenyl group as a substituent. The ten-membered ring displays an approximate chair–chair conformation, while the lactone ring has an envelope conformation with the C atom bonded to the ring O atom as the flap. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the 4-amino­phenyl moiety and the lactone ring mean plane is 23.50 (8)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, between the amine group and the lactone and epoxide ring O atoms, forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. Adjacent chains are linked via C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming an undulating two-dimensional network lying parallel to the plane (001). The absolute structure of the mol­ecule in the crystal was confirmed by resonance scattering [Flack parameter = 0.03 (3)].
MR of head and neck adenopathy in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive men.

PURPOSE Adenopathy is a well-known component of AIDS-related complex. Our goal was to determine whether asymptomatic HIV-infected persons have characteristic findings of head and neck adenopathy on MR imaging and whether there is an association between the MR findings and the CD4 lymphocyte counts. METHODS We blindly and retrospectively evaluated the distribution and size of lymphadenopathy seen on screening MR examinations that were performed on 50 asymptomatic HIV-positive male subjects and 50 age-matched HIV-negative control subjects. We also correlated the imaging findings in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative subjects with their CD4 counts. RESULTS The HIV-positive subjects had a higher incidence of adenopathy compared with the controls. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in size and number of neck lymph nodes, thickness of the adenoids, size of high, deep cervical-retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and presence of parotid abnormalities. We found a correlation between increasing lymph node size and decreasing CD4 levels. CONCLUSION We conclude that HIV-positive asymptomatic patients have a high incidence of head and neck abnormalities including lymphadenopathy, and alteration in their CD4 counts not commonly seen in seronegative control subjects.
The Alternative to CSWE's Traditional Reaffirmation Process: One Small BSW Program's Experience

The Council on Social Work Education's Commission on Accreditation approved a policy in 2004 that allows well-established social work programs the option to complete an alternative to the traditional self-study process. This alternative consists of the completion of a reaffirmation compliance audit and special project that is significant to social work or the program's specific goals and objectives. This article describes how one small BSW program successfully implemented the alternative process by completing a modified self-study, a new site visit protocol, and a threephased project including a needs assessment, a seminar on conducting agency evaluations, and a collaboration with a local mentoring agency. Outcomes for community stakeholders, faculty, and students were positive; although requiring extensive resources, the alternative process was worthwhile. Based on their experience, the authors share suggestions for programs considering this option.
Dopamine Agonist in Treatment of ADHD with Restless Legs Syndrome and ODD

A 6-year-old male with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who responded poorly to methylphenidate (MPH) was benefited following treatment with the dopamine agonist ropinirole, in a report from the Hopital Robert Debre, Paris, France.
Are we missing anaerobic infective endocarditis in some acute coronary syndromes

A 76-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of intermittent fevers and dyspnoea on exertion after a dental bridge placement 2 months ago. The patient9s medical history was significant for mild to moderate mitral valve prolapse. Initial evaluation was notable for a 3/6 systolic apical murmur. Laboratory investigations revealed leucocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein and cardiac biomarkers. Patient was treated initially for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. A 2-dimensional echocardiography was concerning for a new mitral regurgitation and a questionable vegetation adjacent to the mitral valve annulus. Transoesophageal echocardiography study confirmed the diagnosis. Subsequent microbial identification was notable for Peptostreptococci and he was started on intravenous penicillin therapy. The unexplained illness with underlying valve disease prompted consideration of infective endocarditis. This case describes a rare occurrence of anaerobic endocarditis imitating an acute coronary event.
The Effects of Price, Store Image, and Product and Respondent Characteristics on Perceptions of Quality

Perceived quality appears to be associated consistently with high prestige stores, high prices, and physical attributes of products such as color. Consumer income and educational level also affect ...
Outlawing Teenage Populism: The Campaign against Secret Societies in the American High School, 1900 1960

The words "fraternity" and "sorority" bring to mind college life. But the nation's public high schools have their own rich history of "secret societies," complete with the familiar Greek letters, insignia, sweaters and jackets, rush teas, pledge hazing, bizarre initiations, and whirl of social life., In several respects, however, that history departs from the college model and from the larger history of adult secret societies. Unlike college fraternities and sororities, high school secret societies were organized by "youth" or perhaps more accurately, by persons labeled youths by the dominant, adult culture. Because they were in certain ways independent of the educational system, the secret societies inevitably came into conflict with the high school, arguably the century's most important institution for the socialization of youth. Their status as youth organizations also rendered the fraternities and sororities peculiarly vulnerable to the hostility of school officials, state legislatures, and courts. Beginning in the Progressive Era, high school secret societies were prohibited by law in many states. A second major effort to eliminate the organizations was launched in the 1940s, in the context of a war to preserve democracy and of a Cold War against communism. High school fraternities and sororities seem a curious target, hardly worthy of the decades of effort expended to eliminate them. They were neither "gangs" nor hotbeds of "juvenile delinquency." In almost every case, the secret societies represented youths, including a certain portion of the working class, who had been
The Hispanic Immigrant Voter and the Classic American Voter: Presidential Support in the 2012 Election

In their classic 1960 work, Angus Campbell and his colleagues offer a model to explain political behavior. They posit a funnel of causality, whereby the causal flow moved from remote long-term forces, such as socio-demographics and party identification, to more immediate short-term forces, such as issues and candidates, finally arriving at the vote choice itself. This explanation has withstood the test of time in studies of the United States and other democracies. The question at hand in this article is how Latin American immigrants comport themselves in the national political environment of the United States. Can the political preferences of Hispanic immigrants be explained pretty much the way the political preferences of native-born Americans can be explained? In other words, does the funnel of causality apply to them? Our findings, based on analysis of 2012 American National Election Study and Latino Immigrant National Election Study survey data, indicate that it does.
Free Electron Lasers Based Upon Stimulated Raman Backstattering: A Survey

In this chapter I discuss a type of Free Electron Laser (FEL) which is based upon stimulated Raman (SR) Backscattering of a magnetostatic pump wave from a cold, dense, relativistic electron beam. Radiation from such a laser1 is of megawatt level and tuneable over the millimeter to far infrared spectrum (∼2mm – 100μ), using an electron beam of “modest” energy (0.5 – 2 MEV). One incentive to develop such a laser is that the production of intense far infrared coherent sources is difficult; conventional lasers are troubled by lack of energy storage, highly selective level excitation, and low efficiency—the latter usually following from a downconversion process which is driven by a powerful CO2 laser pump. Nevertheless, several far infrared lasers—at widely spaced intervals in the spectrum—have achieved noteworthy power output (∼1 MW); as a particular example, consider the CH3F system, which radiates at 496μ, and which is Raman-like,2 The Raman process is a nonlinear optical process requiring multi-photon absorption.
Food Safety and Regulatory Concerns

Abstract As a high-quality protein source, insects for food and feed are of increasing interest, particularly for their potential to alleviate global food insecurity while at the same time being ecologically and economically advantageous. Despite the traditional use of a diversity of species as a dietary component throughout human history, and recently, the cultivation of insects as an industry, little formal regulatory guidance or safety information exists to direct this potentially vast consumer market. The present work attempts to review the potential safety concerns of insects as food and feed, including phylogenetic classification and monitoring considerations that should accompany this industry, mindful that timely, responsible development operates in cooperation with international regulatory food safety authorities for the establishment of scientifically sound, globally harmonized guidance.