cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examination of the impact of range, cage-free, modified systems, and conventional cage environments on the labor inputs committed to bird care for three brown egg layer strains

Summary Although the poultry industry has developed into an intensive management system over the past several decades, current trends are moving toward extensive systems with decreased hen-stocking density. However, there is limited information on the resource demands of such systems, particularly with regards to labor requirements. Labor h commitment per hen originally housed and hens surviving were evaluated for 4 different environments: range, cage-free, modified cage, and conventional cage. Within each system, 3 strains of brown egg layers were examined to determine whether production system influenced labor h. Data collection began at 33 wk of age and continued until 89 wk in all environments. Range systems demonstrated the highest labor h requirement for both the hens originally housed and hens surviving measurements, particularly during the summer months when pasture management within the paddocks was time consuming. Conventional and modified cage systems required the least time commitment with cage-free serving as an intermediate. Cage-free labor h increased toward the end of the cycle as maintaining litter quality within the house became more demanding. The cost of labor h was not offset by the price per dozen eggs produced, and the difference was greater in the extensive systems. This study supports previous findings that extensive layer production systems require greater labor h and provides an economic perspective to the increased time commitment.
Sentiment Analysis: Mining Opinions, Sentiments, and Emotions

Sentiment analysis is the computational study of people's opinions, sentiments, emotions, moods, and attitudes. This fascinating problem offers numerous research challenges, but promises insight useful to anyone interested in opinion analysis and social media analysis. This comprehensive introduction to the topic takes a natural-language-processing point of view to help readers understand the underlying structure of the problem and the language constructs commonly used to express opinions, sentiments, and emotions. The book covers core areas of sentiment analysis and also includes related topics such as debate analysis, intention mining, and fake-opinion detection. It will be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in natural language processing, computer science, management sciences, and the social sciences.In addition to traditional computational methods, this second edition includes recent deep learning methods to analyze and summarize sentiments and opinions, and also new material on emotion and mood analysis techniques, emotion-enhanced dialogues, and multimodal emotion analysis.
Unusual cause of colonic mucosal ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding

A 60-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and on haemodialysis (HD) for 12 months, presented with 1 day of diffuse cramping abdominal pain associated with haematochezia. The patient denied other symptoms including fever, chills, nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea. On examination, the patient was hypotensive (75/45 mm Hg). The patient also notes that she had a similar presentation just 8 months prior and was diagnosed with ischaemic colitis presumed secondary to hypotension associated with HD. CT angiography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed segmental wall thickening of the distal transverse colon/hepatic flexure with …
$\mathcal{PT}$-Symmetric Quantum Discrimination of Three States

If the system is known to be in one of two non-orthogonal quantum states, $|\psi_1\rangle$ or $|\psi_2\rangle$, it is not possible to discriminate them by a single measurement due to the unitarity constraint. In a regular Hermitian quantum mechanics, the successful discrimination is possible to perform with the probability $p < 1$, while in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum mechanics a \textit{simulated single-measurement} quantum state discrimination with the success rate $p$ can be done. We extend the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum state discrimination approach for the case of three pure quantum states, $|\psi_1\rangle$, $|\psi_2\rangle$ and $|\psi_3\rangle$ without any additional restrictions on the geometry and symmetry possession of these states. We discuss the relation of our approach with the recent implementation of $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry on the IBM quantum processor.
Self-Valuation Challenges in the Culture and Practice of Medicine and Physician Well-being.

Abstract Objective To compare physicians with workers in other fields on measures of self-valuation (SV) and determine the effect of adjusting for SV on the relationship between being a physician and risk for burnout. Patients and Methods A random sample of physicians from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile and a probability sample from the general US population were used. Data were collected for this cross-sectional study between October 12, 2017 and March 15, 2018. Burnout was indicated by a score of 27 or higher on Emotional Exhaustion or 10 or higher on Depersonalization, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Self-valuation was measured with Self-valuation Scale items. Results Physicians (248/832=29.8%) more than workers in other fields (1036/5182=20.0%) “often” or “always” felt more self-condemnation than self-encouragement to learn from the experience when they made a mistake. Physicians (435/832=52.3%) more than workers in other fields (771/5182=14.9%) “often” or “always” put off taking care of their own health due to time pressure. Physicians had greater odds of burnout before (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.76) but not after adjusting for SV responses (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.11). After adjustment for SV, work hours, sex, and age, physicians had lower odds of burnout than workers in other fields (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.99). Conclusion Self-valuation is lower in physicians compared with workers in other fields and adjusting for SV eliminated the association between being a physician and higher risk for burnout. Experimental design research is needed to determine whether the association of SV with burnout is causal and the degree to which SV is malleable to intervention at individual, organization, and professional culture levels.
Associations Between Inflammation, Cardiovascular Regenerative Capacity, and Cardiovascular Events: A Cohort Study

Objective Circulating progenitor cells possess immune modulatory properties and might mitigate inflammation that is characteristic of patients with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that patients with fewer circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) will have higher inflammatory markers and worse outcomes. Approach and Results Patients with stable coronary artery disease were enrolled in a prospective study enumerating CPCs as CD (cluster of differentiation)-34-expressing mononuclear cells (CD34+) and inflammation as levels of IL (interleukin)-6 and high-sensitivity CRP (C-reactive protein) levels. Patients were followed for 5 years for the end points of death and myocardial infarction with repeat inflammatory biomarkers measured after a median of 2 years. In the entire cohort of 392 patients, IL-6 and high-sensitivity CRP levels remained unchanged (0.3+/-2.4 pg/mL and 0.1+/-1.0 mg/L; P=0.45) after 2 years. CPC counts (log-transformed) were inversely correlated with the change in IL-6 levels (r, -0.17; P<0.001). Using linear regression, IL-6 and high-sensitivity CRP levels declined by -0.59 (95% CI, -0.90 to -0.20) pg/mL and -0.13 (-0.28 to 0.01) mg/L per 1 log higher CPC counts after adjustment for the demographic and clinical variables, as well as medications. Using Cox models adjusted for these risk factors, a rise in 1 pg/mL of IL-6 was associated with a 11% (95% CI, 9-13) greater risk of death/myocardial infarction. We found that the change in IL6 level partly (by 40%) mediated the higher risk of adverse events among those with low CPC counts. Conclusions Reduced cardiovascular regenerative capacity is independently associated with progressive inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease that in turn is associated with poor outcomes.
American surgery, An illustrated history

Ira M Rutkow Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,£52.93, pp 656 ![][1] ISBN 0 316 76352 7 Rating: ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] ![Graphic][5] When you think about it, much of surgical teaching is based on history, particularly teaching done in the operating room. Surgical residents learn early in their training that it is not necessary to repeat mistakes made in the past, and that every useful operation has evolved through a process of trial and error. The concept of standing on the shoulders of giants is not lost on the present generation of surgeons. When asked … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
The Fas-Fas ligand system and other modulators of apoptosis in the cornea.

Purpose. Previous studies have suggested that the disappearance of anterior keratocytes after injury to the overlying epithelium is mediated by apoptosis. The authors examined the expression of the apoptosis-related modulators, Fas (receptor), Fas ligand, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) in corneal cells as candidate mediators of this response and tested the effect of Fas receptor-stimulating antibody on corneal stromal fibroblast cells in vitro. Methods. Reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect FAS, FAS ligand, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and ICE mRNA expression in primary cultures of human corneal epithelial, stromal fibroblast, and endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect Fas and Fas ligand proteins in fresh-frozen sections of normal human cornea. The effect of FASstimulating monoclonal antibody on first-passage stromal fibroblasts was studied using a DNA fragmentation assay, the live-dead assay with fluorescent microscopy, toluidene blue staining with light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Results. FAS, Fas ligand, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and ICE mRNAs are expressed in all three major cell types of the cornea. Fas protein is expressed in corneal epithelial, keratocyte, and endothelial cells in fresh-frozen human cornea. Fas ligand protein, however, was detected in corneal epithelial and endothelial, but not keratocyte, cells. Fas-stimulating antibody induced firstpassage stromal fibroblast cell death with morphologic changes and DNA fragmentation consistent with apoptosis. Conclusions. The Fas system (Fas and Fas ligand) modulators and final common pathway mediators of apoptosis are expressed in corneal cells. The distribution of Fas (epithelial, keratocyte, and endothelial cells) and Fas ligand (epithelial and endothelial cells) protein expression in fresh-frozen corneal tissue suggests that Fas ligand expressed in corneal epithelial and endothelial cells modulates functions in keratocyte cells and, possibly, autocrinejuxtacrine functions in epithelium and endothelium. The Fas-Fas ligand system is expressed in the cornea and could have important functions in normal corneal physiology and in the pathophysiology of corneal disease, including modulation of keratocyte apoptosis after epithelial injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:1582-1592.
Monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 identifies the human c-kit protein product

The c-kit proto-oncogene encodes a 145- to 160-Kd transmembrane tyrosine kinase, which is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor family and is allelic with the murine white spotting locus (W). W mutations affect several aspects of hematopoiesis, most notably erythroid progenitors and mast cells. A monoclonal antibody, YB5.B8, had been raised against the leukemic blasts of a patient with M1-type acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and it precipitates a 150-Kd cell surface glycoprotein from leukemic cells. The YB5.B8 epitope is expressed on mast cells, on up to 3% of normal mononuclear bone marrow cells, and it identifies a sub-group of AML patients with a poor prognosis. In view of similarities noted between the cell surface antigen identified by YB5.B8 and the c-kit protein product, we performed experiments to determine whether they are identical. c-kit RNA expression in the cell lines HEL (human erythroleukemia) and A172 (glioblastoma) was shown to parallel the expression of the YB5.B8 epitope in these lines as measured by flow cytometry. Immunoprecipitation analysis with anti-kit serum and YB5.B8 antibody indicated that the two antibodies identified proteins of identical size in HEL (155 Kd) and A172 (145 Kd) cells, and sequential immunoprecipitations with the kit and the YB5.B8 antibodies demonstrated that the two antibodies recognize the same molecule. The proteins identified by both the anti-kit and YB5.B8 antibodies displayed in vitro autophosphorylation activity in immune complex kinase assays. In addition, YB5.B8 was able to inhibit the binding of the kit ligand to HEL cells. These studies provide evidence that the YB5.B8 antigen and the c-kit protein product are identical and raise certain hypotheses regarding the role of c-kit in AML.
Narcotic Withdrawal Reaction in a Newborn Infant Due to Codeine

An infant who demonstrated a narcotic withdrawal reaction after codeine deprivation is presented. We believe this is the first report of narcotic withdrawal symptomatology due to this drug.
Correlations between clinical and laboratory findings in virus infection of the female genital tract

Abstract In a 4 year period, 137 specimens with requests for isolation of herpesvirus from the genital tracts of 125 female patients were received. Included in these specimens were 19 amniotic fluid samples from 12 pregnant patients with known genital herpesvirus infection. Fifty-four positive isolations were obtained from lower genital tract sites in 46 patients. The greatest percentage of positive isolations were from the vulva. Only 4 of 22 specimens from cervical lesions were positive for virus isolation; 3 of these isolates (from 3 pregnant patients) were cytomegalovirus strains. The number of specimens and the number of positive isolations from each genital tract site are presented along with a discussion of the value of genital tract viral isolations. Particular reference is made to the number of patients with cervical cytologic atypia related to herpesvirus infection.
The eigencanceler: a new space-time interference canceler

The eigencanceler is proposed as a new alternative technique for adaptive space-time radar beamforming. The eigencanceler exploits the eigen-structure of the data covariance matrix to optimize the radar operation jointly in the spatial and temporal domains. While the technique is applicable to a variety of problems this paper focuses on adaptivity in the space and Doppler domains. It is shown that signals received by the radar are characterized by time bandwidths products much smaller than the dimensionality of the signal space. Consequently, a limited number of eigenvalues contain most of the interference energy caused by clutter and jammers. The corresponding eigenvectors of the space-time covariance matrix contain all the angle of arrival/Doppler frequency information required to filter the interferences out. These eigenvectors span the interference subspace, while the remaining eigenvectors span the noise subspace. The eigencanceler's weight vector is designed orthogonal to the interference subspace, it provides minimum noise enhancement and maintains specified gain at desired directions and doppler frequencies. When compared to conventional space-time processing methods such as the minimum variance beamformer, the eigencanceler is shown to be superior in depth of cancellation, robustness, speed and computational complexity. >
A rising tide lifts all phytoplankton: Growth response of other phytoplankton taxa in diatom-dominated blooms

[1] Oceanic phytoplankton assemblages composed predominantly of picophytoplankton respond to the onset of favorable growth conditions with diatom-dominated blooms, the formation of which involves characteristic growth and accumulation responses by both diatoms and the ambient nondiatom community. Contrary to conventional wisdom, both groups of phytoplankton increase in growth rates and absolute abundance, but the biomass increase of the ambient nondiatom assemblage is modest, especially compared to the order of magnitude or more increase of diatom biomass. This enormous proportional increase in diatom biomass has fostered the misconception that diatoms replace the nondiatom taxa by succession as the bloom matures. However, while the relative abundance of the nondiatom taxa decreases dramatically, their absolute biomass increases modestly and the specific growth rate of picophytoplankton in the bloom increases; at the same time, protistan grazing rate also increases, holding the picophytoplankton assemblage in the bloom to a new steady state biomass concentration. Recent evidence for the ubiquity of the additive response pattern in pelagic diatom blooms comes from observations in many oceanic regions where equatorial upwelling, eddy dynamics, tropical instability waves, and oceanic iron-addition experiments have allowed documentation of the biological response to rapid onset of favorable nutrient, micronutrient or light conditions. The response of diatoms to these favorable conditions is well known; this report offers a more accurate description of the response of the ambient nondiatom taxa to rapid onset of favorable conditions. Realistic representation of the growth dynamics of both the diatoms and nondiatoms in blooms is required to improve forecasting of how future conditions will affect processes that control carbon recycling and export.
Clouds, Noncloudy Latent Heat Convection, Entrainment, and Horizontal Averaging

Crucial observations describing the mechanisms active in the convective planetary boundary layer are reviewed. Attention is drawn to the observed transport of heat and moisture upward against vertical stratifications stable to cloud-free convection. Occasional saturated parcels carry air of a different composition through regions well below cloud base. These parcels do not form sustained or easily visible cloud and are observed to penetrate even where no sustained cloud forms higher up. This mechanism is likely to be of major importance. The possibility of erosion into the warm overlying air at the top of the convective layer due to a negative heat flux is discussed. One must conclude from the observations discussed here that it does not actually occur. Despite claims to the contrary, the air above appears to enter the convecting layer only when the convection has effectively reached its temperature. When stratus cloud is present, mixtures with the overlying unsaturated air often have the same density as the cloudy air below. Both these phenomena illustrate the inadequacy of conceptual thinking based on averaged horizontal uniformity in the fluid, without recognizing that convective transport is a process where isolated thermal elements in the fluid carry practically all of the quantitiesmore » such as heat and moisture from one level to another. Gradient turbulent diffusion usually has no role to play and is not a satisfactory concept in describing the planetary boundary layer. 30 refs.« less
Effective fields in dilute alloys of Mn in Cu and Au

Abstract The hyperfine fields, effective fields and magnetic transition temperatures of these alloys were examined using the Mossbauer spectra of 57 Fe impurities.
Trouble on my mind: toward a framework of humanizing critical sociocultural knowledge for teaching and teacher education

Drawing from the work of philosophers Sylvia Wynter and Ian Hacking, in this conceptual article I argue why a humanizing critical approach to sociocultural knowledge is needed for teacher education, particularly in preparing teachers to work effectively with black students. In light of enduring concerns in teacher education with improving the educational experiences of black students – a student population that is routinely discussed in extant education literature, policy and popular discourses – as in trouble, troubling, or troubled – and the failure of teacher education programs to successfully meet this goal, I consider how regardless of their intent, these discourses exist within and help to reinscribe an already limiting notion of human constituted by historically contingent, Western epistemic notions of humanity. Highlighting both the shortcomings and possibilities that tackling dominant sociocultural knowledge might have on teacher candidates and teachers I conclude by offering a vision for how tea...
Stabilization of transmission function: theory for an ultrathin endoscope of one multimode fiber.

Propagation of a monochromatic light through a multimode fiber is considered in connection with the problem of image transmission. We discuss the variations of throughput scrambling, i.e., of the pixel-to-pixel Greens’ function for transmission under the bends of the fiber axis. Two main statements are elaborated theoretically, which in principle allow the stabilization of the throughput scrambling. First, if the deformations are smooth enough, the modes are adiabatically modified without intermixing. Second, the variation δφm,n of the phase of a mode Mm,n can be expressed as a power series in a small parameter (ρ/R)2, where ρ is the core radius and R-1 is the curvature of bending. A scheme for the compensation of those phase shifts is suggested based on prebending of the fiber with subsequent controllable adjustment of that prebending.
Contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to familial ovarian cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study.

Abstract Objectives. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations among ovarian cancer patients ascertained to have a family history of ovarian cancer. Methods. Ovarian cancer patients were eligible if they had a family history of cancer that met any one of the following criteria: (1) a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer; (2) a second-degree relative with ovarian cancer plus a first-degree relative with breast cancer (diagnosed younger than 50 years of age); or (3) a first- and a second-degree relative with breast cancer (diagnosed younger than 50 years of age). The entire coding sequence of BRCA1 and exon 11 of BRCA2 were screened for germline alterations by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Results. Of 26 eligible patients screened for mutations, 12 had deleterious alterations, 8 in BRCA1 and 4 in BRCA2. A correlation was noted between the presence of a BRCA1 mutation and the strength of family history of breast ovarian cancer, with the likelihood of a mutation increasing with the number of affected relatives ( P = 0.0002). No association was detected between the location of mutations in BRCA1 and the ratio of ovarian cancer cases relative to breast cancer ( P = 0.28). Conclusions. Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are present in about 50% of ovarian cancer patients with at least one first-degree relative with disease, and in 70% of patients with two or more relatives with ovarian cancer.
Improving the delivery of global tobacco control.

Tobacco control must remain a critical global health priority given the growing burden of tobacco-induced disease in the developing world. Insights from the emerging field of global health delivery suggest that tobacco control could be improved through a systematic, granular analysis of the processes through which it is promoted, implemented, and combated. Using this framework, a critical bottleneck to the delivery of proven health promotion emerges in the role that the tobacco industry plays in promoting tobacco use and blocking effective tobacco-control policies. This “corporate bottleneck” can also be understood as a root cause of massive disease and suffering upon vulnerable populations worldwide, for the goal of maximizing corporate profit. Naming, understanding, and responding to this corporate bottleneck is crucial to the success of tobacco-control policies. Three case studies of tobacco-control policy–South Africa, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and Uruguay–are presented to explore and understand the implications of this analysis. Mt Sinai J Med 78:382–393, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Distributed tracking with consensus on noisy time-varying graphs with incomplete data

In this paper, we formulate a problem of distributed tracking with consensus on a time-varying graph with incomplete data and noisy communication links. We develop a framework to handle a time-varying network topology in which not every node has local observations to generate own local tracking estimates (incomplete data). A distributed tracking-with-consensus algorithm that is suitable for such a noisy, time-varying graph is proposed. We establish the graph conditions so that distributed consensus can be achieved in the presence of noisy communication links when the effective network graph is time-varying. The steady-state performance of the proposed distributed tracking with consensus algorithm is also analyzed and compared with that of the distributed local Kalman filtering with the centralized fusion and centralized Kalman filter. Simulation results and performance analysis of the proposed algorithm are given, showing that the proposed distributed tracking with consensus algorithm performs almost the same as the distributed local Kalman filtering with centralized fusion on noisy time-varying graphs with incomplete data, while the proposed algorithm has the additional advantages of robustness and scalability.
A potential primate model for bone loss resulting from medical oophorectomy or menopause.

This study examined the potential use of the GnRH agonist-treated female monkey as a model for bone loss after medical oophorectomy or the onset of menopause in women. Three female rhesus monkeys (13–16 yr of age) were treated continuously for 10 months with 25 μg/day GnRH agonist using osmostic minipumps. All three animals exhibited normal menstrual cycles before treatment. Within 5 weeks of the beginning of GnRH agonist treatment, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations had fallen to low values and did not rise significantly during the remaining treatment period. The decline in ovarian steroidogenesis was correlated with a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD; bone mineral content/bone width) of the caudal vertebrae and humerus. The reduction of BMD of the caudal vertebrae occurred gradually. The downward trend was evident during the first 3 treatment months, but did not fall significantly below pretreatment levels until 9 months of GnRN agonist treatment. The overall decline in BMD for the ca...
Report from the 29th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 16-18 May 1993, Orlando, Florida.

It is impossible to summarize fully the wealth of clinical investigative information reported at the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. A number of interesting and important presentations are highlighted below. Several groups reported results showing the activity of the new chemotherapeutic agent, taxotere, in phase 2 trials. The drug was generally administered at a dose of 100 mg/m 2 over 1 h with the therapy repeated every 3 weeks. The major toxicities observed were neutropenia, acute hypersensitivity reactions, skin reactions (erythema, thickening, desquamation) and fluid retention (development of edema and effusions, sometimes requiring diuretics). In these preliminary reports, significant antitumor activity was observed in several tumor types. Both M. Aapro (Geneva, Switzerland) and J. Kavanagh (Houston, Tex.) noted a 35% response rate in previously treated ovarian cancer patients, with M. Piccart (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) also reporting activity of taxotere in this clinical setting. Three groups, J. Rigas (New York, N.Y.), H. Burris (San Antonio, Tex,) and T. Cerny (Berne, Switzerland), noted a 20%-30% response rate of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer to taxotere. Similarly, taxotere was shown to be highly active in breast cancer with a 50%-70% response rate noted by four groups of investigators (A. Seidman) (New York, N.Y.), W. Ten Bokkel Huinink (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), R Fumoleau (St. Herblain, France) and M. Trudeau (Kingston, Canada). Taxol, a cytotoxic agent closely related to taxotere, was also shown in several reports to be a highly active antineoplastic agent. D. Ettinger (Baltimore, Md.) reported a 34% partial response rate in 36 previously untreated patients with extensive-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung. E. Trimble (Bethesda, Md.) described the results of a multi-institutional trial of taxol in more than 1000 patients with highly refractory ovarian cancer (minimum of at least three
The Utilization of Attitudes and Beliefs as Indicators of Future Smoking Behavior

The purpose of this study was to assess if the initial attitudes and beliefs of a behaviorally homogeneous group can be utilized as indicators of future smoking behavior. The students included were...
Linearity and Resolution of Semiconductor Radiation Detectors

The energy linearity for Si(Li) and Ge(Li) has been measured and compared with theory. Good agreement was obtained for x-ray attenuation factors ?md < 100 . The region of the germanium absorption edge was investigated and found to exhibit larger nonlinearities than predicted by the theory. The discrepancy is believed to be due to inefficient charge collection near the detector window leading to excessive fluctuations in the trapped charge. Calculations of the line broadening due to trapping have been shown to agree qualitatively with experimental values for the silicon detector. These calculations do not take into account any position dependent variation of the trapping factor, and must therefore be considered as the best attainable values. The disagreement between theory and experiment for the line broadening in Ge(Li) is particularly evident. The ? seems to be independent of energy in Si to less than 0.2% and in Ge to within at least 2% . Finally, the Fano factor in Si was found to be 0.154 +0.1 -0.2.
Mixed-Effects Variance Components Models for Biometric Family Analyses

Recent substantive research on biometric analyses of twin and family data has used both a biometric path analysis model (PAM) and a biometric variance components model (VCM). Methodological research on these same topics have suggested benefits of using linear structural equation model algorithms (SEMA) as well as mixed effect multilevel algorithms (MEMA). To better understand the potential similarities and differences among these approaches we first highlight the algebraic equivalence between the standard biometric PAM and the corresponding biometric VCM models for family data. Second, we demonstrate how several SEMA programs based on either the PAM or VCM approach produce equivalent estimates for all phenotypic and biometric parameters. Third, we show how the biometric VCM approach (but not the PAM approach) can be easily programmed using current MEMA programs (e.g., SAS PROC MIXED). We then expand the scope of these different approaches to include measured covariates, observed variable interactions and multiple relatives within each family. MEMA software is compared to SEMA software for programming complex models, including the flexibility of data input, treatment of missing data, inclusion of covariates, and ease of accommodating varying numbers of observations (per family or individual).
Interpolation projections and Banach spaces

Soit K un espace de Hausdorff compact et C(K) l'espace de toutes les fonctions reelles ou complexes a valeurs continues sur K. Soit F(K) un autre espace de Banach de fonctions continues sur K, continuement plonge dans C(K): J: F(K)C→C(K). On etudie la convergence des projections d'interpolation lineaire dans F(K)
Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase-α activity in hamster follicles during the estrous cycle: roles of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Abstract In the hamster, DNA polymerase-a (Pol-α) in follicles at stages 1–4 (1–4 layers granulosa cells and no theca) increased significantly during the proestrous (P) gonadotropin surges, remained high on estrus (E) and then declined to low levels by 09.00 h, proestrus (P). However, Pol-a in stages 5–8 (large preantral to small antral stages) remained steady throughout the cycle. Hypophysectomy on metestrus decreased Pol-a by 17 h which was reversed by 2.5 μg follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) but not by luteinizing hormone (LH) (2.5 jug) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (1 IU). Hypophysectomy on E resulted 72 h later in a fall in Pol-α in stages 1–6; FSH (2.5 fig) or LH (2 μg) restored enzyme activity within 5 h to stages 1–6 and 5–6, respectively. Thus, Pol-α in the smallest preantral follicles is induced by FSH; however, for large preantral and antral follicles, steady levels are maintained by tonic FSH and LH resulting in no apparent change in enzyme activity during active DNA synthesis.
Acute lung inflammation in rats induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).

Intratracheal administration of PMA produces acute lung injury in part due to the generation of O2-derived free radicals. This study evaluated the role of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PMA-induced lung injury in the rat. PMA was instilled into rats intratracheally (20–60 μg/kg), and the lungs were lavaged 4 hr later. Total number of cells recovered from lavage after PMA treatment was not different from the total number recovered from controls; lavagable PMNs increased in a dose-dependent manner. Albumin in lavage fluid (an index of lung vascular permeability) was significantly increased at 60 μg/kg PMA. SOD (10,000 U)+PMA (60 μg/kg) reduced the albumin level but significantly increased both total number of cells and number of PMNs recovered from lavage fluid. To investigate the possibility that SOD decreases the ability of PMNs to adhere, PMN aggregation was measuredin vitro. The results indicated that 10,000 U SOD can inhibit PMA-induced aggregation by 50%. In contrast, aggregation to other stimuli (e.g., fMet-Leu-Phe, A23187) was unaffected by SOD. We conclude SOD prevents PMA-induced lung permeability and diminishes PMN adherence.
Combined Hurler and Sanfilippo syndrome in a sibling pair

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage disorders caused by defects in the enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Hurler syndrome (MPS I) and Sanfilippo syndrome (MPS III) are among the more common diseases in the group, each occurring with an incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000. We present a case of siblings, born of a consanguineous union, affected with both MPS I and MPS IIIa. The diagnoses were confirmed with fibroblast enzyme assays and sequence analysis of the genes, which identified homozygous mutations in IDUA and SGSH. We discuss their clinical features and course and examine the psychosocial aspects of their case, specifically, the decision-making process that the medical team and family faced regarding treatment with enzyme replacement therapy.
Two pathways for iron uptake by guinea pig reticulocytes.

: We have demonstrated that the intracellular processing of transferrin to effect iron removal involves two pathways, one sensitive to rotenone and the other not. We have also found that the effect of the rotenone is dependent on the transferrin concentration: iron uptake was suppressed with concentrations of transferrin in the micromolar range, and was not suppressed at physiologic concentrations of transferrin. Rotenone does not disturb transferrin's interaction with its extracellular receptor, indicating that its action must be intracellular. The following model is suggested: that separate pathways are entered by transferrin in the cell. The first pathway is preferentially utilized when transferrin is in short supply. It begins with an intracellular site which has a high affinity (and low capacity) for either iron or transferrin. The second pathway begins with an intracellular site which has a high capacity (but low affinity) for either iron or transferrin and is utilized when transferrin is in physiologic concentration (and the low-capacity, high-affinity site is saturated); the pathway it initiates is dominant when transferrin is abundant. We speculate that the high-affinity low-capacity pathway may serve to direct intracellular iron to sites which would be critically injured by iron excess.
North Pacific deep water formation during the latest glaciation

For at least 20 years palaeoceanographers have speculated about the existence of a source of young (nutrient-depleted) deep water in the North Pacific (NPDW) during glaciations. Proof of its existence has eluded researchers because the present deep North Pacific is very corrosive to calcium carbonate. Thus, it has been difficult to obtain a long time series of oxygen isotope data on benthic foraminifera for dating the sediment, and carbon isotope data for use as a proxy for deep water nutrient content. I report here on a stable isotope record from a western subarctic Pacific core taken at 3 km water depth. The carbon isotope ratios in the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides show no evidence of nutrient-depleted NPDW from glacial to Holocene time.
Montauk: The Invention of Max Frisch

(1981). Montauk: The Invention of Max Frisch. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 55-70.
A SIMPLE EXACT METHOD OF 3-D MIGRATION—THEORY*

Recently, a heuristic and empirical analysis of a method of three-dimensional (3-D) migration has been presented by Gibson, Larner, and Levin. It consists of sets of two-dimensional (2-D) migrations in orthogonal directions. In this paper, we examine this two-pass method using scalar wave theory and show its action to be identical to that of so-called full 3-D migration for constant-velocity media. The demonstration of equivalence is carried out in both the frequency-space and frequency-wavenumber domains, the latter providing a particularly transparent view of the mechanism of the two-pass approach. We then extend our analysis to consider how various approximate algorithms used in practical implementations affect the validity of our conclusion.
Uncertainty Management and Information Seeking in Cancer Survivorship

Uncertainty is a common experience among people coping with chronic illness. For many individuals, managing information is used as a means of coping with illness-related uncertainty. In-depth interviews with 60 cancer survivors and partners were conducted. Many of the participants in this study reported feeling uncertain about the challenges awaiting them in cancer survivorship and reported experiencing various information behaviors and challenges relating to their uncertainty management. These results have important implications for health care providers and imply that continued care and information provision, after cancer treatment is complete, would facilitate adaptive survivorship.
Enhanced performance for pressure-driven membrane processes: the argument for fluid instabilities

Abstract The performance of pressure-driven membrane processes may be significantly improved when unsteady fluid instabilities are superimposed on crossflow. The role of fluid mechanics, in particular unsteady secondary flows resulting from surface roughness, flow pulsations and centrifugal instabilities, coupled to solute mass transfer is discussed with respect to depolarization and defouling of membranes. Various possible mechanisms including wall shear rate and repeated renewal of the mass boundary layer are analyzed. The secondary flow pattern in a spiral crossflow filter has been visualized and shows a uniform velocity field with a steep gradient adjacent to the membrane surface. Unsteady flows of this type have been used with ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes to show the efficacy of secondary flows. Significant dissipation with repeated renewal of the mass transfer boundary layer due to secondary flows is used to explain the multiple increase in membrane permeation rates.
Recursive reconstruction of high resolution image from noisy undersampled multiframes

In several applications it is required to reconstruct a high-resolution noise-free image from multipath frames of undersampled low-resolution noisy images. Using the aliasing relationship between the undersamples frames and the reference image, an algorithm based on weighted recursive least-squares theory is developed in the wavenumber domain. This algorithm is efficient because interpolation and noise removal are performed recursively, and is highly suitable for implementation via the massively parallel computational architectures currently available. Success in the use of the algorithm is demonstrated through various simulated examples. >
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in pediatric patients: Case report and review of literature

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an unusual and rare form of chronic renal suppuration. XPN is often mistaken for renal malignancy; hence nephrectomy is commonly performed and the diagnosis confirmed by histopathology. Recent advances in imaging have allowed the radiological features to be characterized, such that routine nephrectomy is avoided. Approximately 240 cases of XPN have been reported in children. We report a 17-year-old female who presented with a 2-month history of increasing abdominal pain and intermittent episodes of increased frequency and dysuria. Plain antero-posterior radiograph of the abdomen revealed a left staghorn calculus. Computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast revealed a low-density inflammatory area and reduced cortical dye uptake on the left renal parenchyma as compared to the opposite side. A dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan revealed that the affected kidney contributed 18% of differential function. A diagnosis of XPN was made. The patient underwent percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement in an attempt to salvage the kidney. The patient eventually failed conservative management. Our review of the literature suggests that medical management has worked in some focal XPN cases, but has not been sufficiently tested in diffuse XPN.
Chiari malformation I and autism spectrum disorder: an underrecognized coexistence

OBJECT Patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) frequently present with headaches, neck pain, difficulty swallowing, and balance disturbances. In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), diagnosing CM-I can be a challenging task. Moreover, even if symptomatic, some patients do not undergo further evaluation or management, as their presentations are attributed to autism and its myriad symptoms. Therefore, cranial MRI findings were reviewed after evaluating and treating patients with coexisting ASD and CM-I. In this paper, the authors report on 5 children with ASD and symptomatic CM-I, including their clinical presentation, imaging studies, management, and outcomes, and discuss the likely underrecognized coexistence of these conditions. METHODS All pediatric patients with ASD and cranial MRI conducted for any reason in the period from 1999 to 2013 were considered for analysis. All cases with concomitant symptomatic CM-I were eligible for this retrospective analysis. RESULTS One hundr...
Microscopic and macroscopic calculations of one-body damping in fission

Abstract A microscopic method for calculating the damping of collective motion into intrinsic states is described. For a particular example, the excitation of neutron levels in the fission of 236 U, the results of this method are compared with a simple semi-classical approach based on the kinetic theory of gases.
MASS TRANSFER IN SPIRAL WOUND PERVAPORATION MODULES

Abstract Mass transfer performance correlation are needed for spiral wound membrane module feed spacers to determine the optimal flow velocity for each spacer, to find the most cost efficient spacer, and to compare spiral wound to other modules. The mass transfer characteristics of 15 feed spacers were determined experimentally. The mass transfer correlations derived from the data indicate that a transitional flow regime exists in spacer-filled channels at the flow velocities evaluated. The use of a spacer increased the mass transfer coefficient to 1.5 to 4.0 times the coefficient obtained with an empty channel. There was only a modest increase in the performance of the spacer with the highest mass transfer coefficient when compared to the spacer with the lowest despite the fact that the friction loss characteristics of the spacers varied greatly. Attempts to define a characteristic dimension that would allow the consolidation of the mass transfer results from many spacers into a single equation were unsuccessful. Even spacers of a common design, i.e., diamond-shaped, required a unique equation to describe the mass transfer characteristics of each spacer. Ultraflo spacers from Nalle Plastics, Inc. provided the highest mass transfer coefficient per unit of pressure drop per unit length. However, the determination of the most cost efficient spacer will require the use of a detailed economic analysis.
Inhibition of in vitro renin release by low extracellular K.

Abstract Renin release from rat renal cortical slices was measured as a function of the concentration of K in the incubation medium. Release was completely abolished within a 30-minute period of exposure to nominally K-free or to 1.0 mM K media. Release tended to increase with increasing K, over the range 2 – 6 mM, although release was near maximal at 2.0 mM K. Omission of Ca from the incubation medium prevented the full inhibitory effect of nominally K-free medium. It is suggested that Ca accumulation, perhaps via Na-Ca exchange, is required to produce the inhibitory effect of low K medium on renin release in vitro.
Steps on Fe 3 O 4 ( 100 ) : STM measurements and theoretical calculations

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of the step structure on natural single-crystal samples of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(100)$ have been performed. Step edges are found to occur along both $[110]$ and $[1\overline{1}0]$ directions. For step heights of $4.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, the step edges are found to be straight, whereas for step heights of $2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, alternate step edges are straight and jagged. The straight (jagged) step edges are parallel (perpendicular) to the octahedral iron rows on the upper terrace. The concepts of coordinative unsaturation and excess surface charge are used to predict which atomic geometries are likely to be most stable along step edges. Our calculations show that steps parallel to the octahedral iron rows on the upper terrace are expected to be more stable than those perpendicular to them, in agreement with our STM observations. This step stability is found to be independent of both terrace structure and step height.
Prostaglandin production by the pregnant and non-pregnant rabbit uterus

We have studied the prostaglandin synthesis of the pregnant and non-pregnant rabbit uterus in a microsomal membrane preparation, and in an ex vivo perfused uterus preparation which retains agonist stimulated prostaglandin production. In both the microsomal and isolated perfused system, prostacyclin was the major arachidonic acid metabolite produced; PGE2 was also produced in substantial quantities while TxB2 and PGF2 alpha were not detectable. Moreover, oxytocin was a specific stimulus of PGE2 release. The steroid hormone milieu influenced the level of agonist stimulated prostaglandin release; in general, ovariectomized, estrogen treated animals were more responsive to agonist stimulation than those treated with estrogen followed by progesterone. The microsomal studies indicated that the pregnant animal had a greatly enhanced capacity to metabolize arachidonic acid when compared with the non-pregnant animal. However, this was not reflected in the ability of agonists to stimulate prostaglandin release in the ex vivo perfused preparation.