cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Planetary Reentry Aeroheating over Blunt Bodies with Non-equilibrium Reacting flow and Surface Reactions

*† Thermal protection layer has been commonly used to protect the reentry vehicles from the harsh conditions encountered at hypersonic velocities. Numerical simulations and experiments are used to predict the amount of this protective layer needed so that vehicles safely traverse the harsh zone. Prediction of ablation requires modeling of hypersonic flows coupled with reacting gas chemistry and the response of the solid protection layer to the extreme conditions. Current computational codes modeling chemistry with hypersonic flow are coupled with codes predicting the response of the protection layer. In addition there has been limited study on effects of chemical Nonequilibrium in flow the field and surface ablation on laminar-turbulent flow transition of hypersonic boundary layers. Such an integrated tool would facilitate the study of transition in chemically reacting ablative flow fields. Therefore it is our aim to develop an integrated high order code which solves the material response along with the flow with thermal and chemical non equilibrium with species ionization. In this paper we present results of shock capturing nonequilibrium solver with surface reactions for modeling ablation. The code has 11 species reaction model to account for carbon species.
Massachusetts emergency departments' resources and physicians' knowledge of management of traumatic dental injuries.

Background: Hospital emergency departments (ED) are con- fronted with triaging and managing dental emergencies of both trau- matic and non-traumatic origin. However, the literature suggests that there exists inadequate knowledge of the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among medical professionals who must be knowl- edgeable and have the appropriate resources needed to triage or treat patients presenting with TDI. Aim: The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the resources of Massachusetts emergency departments (MEDs) for TDI, (ii) determine the knowledge of management of TDI among MED physicians, and (iii) investigate potential factors that affect their knowledge. Materials and methods: Surveys were mailed to MED directors and their physicians. The director survey contained questions regarding institutional information for each emergency department (ED). The physician survey contained questions about physician characteristics and tested their knowledge of managing dental trauma. Results: A total of 72 surveys (16 MED directors and 56 physicians) were returned and included in the analysis. Only 50% of the MEDs had on-site dental coverage, 43.8% had 24-h off-site dental coverage, and none had a for- mal written dental trauma protocol. MED physician's knowledge of the appropriate management of luxations and avulsions was generally good, but poor for dental fractures. The MED physician's knowledge for the emergent nature of the various injuries was generally good with that of avulsions being the best. Physicians were more likely to have a better knowledge of managing dental trauma if they were specialists in pediat- ric emergency medicine (P = 0.001) or their hospitals had an academic affiliation (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings from this study, educational campaigns must be undertaken to improve both the resources available to the ED, and the knowledge of physicians regarding emergency management of TDI. In addition, efforts should be made by local dental organizations to provide ED with lists of dentists who are knowledgeable and willing to be available 24 h day 1 to consult with and, if necessary, treat TDI. These efforts would enhance the long-term outcomes for patients sus- taining dental trauma who present to hospital ED.
Temperature-Dependent Raman Spectra Of Rare-Earth Titanates With The Pyrochlore Structure: A Dipolar Order-Disorder Transition

The pyrochlore structure is an oxygen-deficient derivative structure based upon fluorite in which one-eighth of the oxygen atoms are removed forming an array of ordered vacancies. All of the rare-earth titanates crystallize into the pyrochlore structure with the exception of Nd2Ti2O7. Raman spectra of these materials exhibit extensive line broadening in excess of disorder arising from the crystallinity of the materials as determined by x-ray diffraction. Spectra obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature (128 K) exhibit a marked narrowing of Raman lines and an overall enhancement in intensity. The thermal dependence of the Raman linewidth is attributed to a dynamically disordered dipole caused by titanium ions shifting off of their equipoints. Measurements of dielectric permittivity made down to liquid helium temperature (4.25 K) support this hypothesis.
An exploratory study of RFID adoption in the retail sector

We use a search procedure called content analysis to determine the benefits of RFID in the retail sector. Content analysis classifies textual material, such as academic articles, and reduces them to manageable data. We find that the key RFID retailer benefits are better management of inventory, improved security, better operational efficiency, and reduced cost. We also find the key RFID business processes to deal with, for example, tracking and tracing. Through hypothesis testing and correlations, we discover strong relationships between retailer benefits and RFID business processes, and that better management of inventory is a reason why RFID is being used by retailers.
Short Communication:New Murine Globin Bands on Electrophoresis May Not be New Globin Chains

Separation of the globin polypeptide chains of hemoglobin using electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in acid, urea, and Triton X-100 was initially described by Rovera et al (1). We have utilized this method for human (2) and murine systems (3), and have shown that the technique will separate embryonic, fetal, and adult globin chains from both species (4, 5).
Cyclophosphamide, alvocidib (flavopiridol), and rituximab, a novel feasible chemoimmunotherapy regimen for patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Alvocidib has demonstrated efficacy in high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. In this phase I study, we combined cyclophosphamide, alvocidib and rituximab (CAR) in a schema designed to mitigate tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) seen previously with alvocidib. Nine nucleoside analog-naive, high-risk patients received escalating doses of CAR therapy. Dose limiting toxicity was not experienced. No instances of TLS were observed. Patient responses included three complete remissions and four partial remissions. CAR was tolerable and active in high-risk CLL patients without TLS toxicity. With continued monitoring of toxicities, a phase Ib/II study of this combination as frontline therapy is warranted.
Secularism, East and West

Professor Smith has produced a comprehensive survey1 of the relations between state and religion in India which will be of great value to students of modern Indian government and politics as well as of religion. Moreover, this useful, stimulating and very readable study raises questions of compelling, interest for all who are concerned with problems of “church and state”. India, the seat of a civilization renowned for elaboration of religious thought and pervasiveness of religious observance has, even by Professor Smith's rigorous standards, successfully established a secular state. In this volume, Professor Smith has undertaken to explain how this has come about, to analyze the Indian achievement and the problems that accompany it and, finally, to indicate how India may advance to the full realization of that “true secularism” which he so enthusiastically endorses.
A population-based assessment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults: The Strong Heart Study

Background Although clinical congestive heart failure (CHF) is increasingly common, few data document the prevalence and correlates of underlying left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (D) in population-based samples. Methods Echocardiography was used in the second Strong Heart Study (SHS) examination to identify mild and severe LVD (LV ejection fraction [EF] 40%-54% and <40%, respectively) in 3184 American Indians. Results Mild and severe LVD were more common in men than women (17.4% vs 7.2% and 4.7% vs 1.8%) and in diabetic than nondiabetic participants (12.7% vs 9.1% and 3.5% vs 1.6%). Stepwise increases were observed from participants with normal EF to those with mild and severe LVD in age (mean 60 vs 61 and 63 years, P <.001), prevalence of overt CHF (2% vs 6% and 28%) and definite coronary heart disease (3% vs 11% and 32%), systolic pressure (129 vs 135 and 136 mm Hg), serum creatinine level (0.98 vs 1.34 and 2.16 mg/dL), and log urinary albumin/creatinine level (3.2 vs 3.7 and 4.7); a negative relation was seen with body mass index (31.1 vs 31.0 and 28.4 kg/m2) (all P <.001). In multivariate analyses lower LVEFs were independently associated with clinical CHF and coronary heart disease, lower myocardial contractility, male sex, hypertension, overweight, arterial stiffening (higher pulse pressure/stroke volume) and renal dysfunction (higher serum creatinine level), higher LV mass, and lower relative wall thickness. Conclusions LVD, present in approximately 14% of middle-aged to elderly adults, is independently associated with overt heart failure and coronary heart disease, male sex, hypertension, overweight, arterial stiffening, and renal target organ damage and, less consistently, with older age and diabetes. (Am Heart J 2001;141:439-46.)
Dipyridylamide Donor Disposition and Isophthalate Substituent Steric Effect on the Dimensionality and Topology of Divalent Copper Coordination Polymers

Divalent copper coordination polymers containing an isophthalate ligand and a dipyridylamide ligand show different dimensionalities and topologies depending on pyridyl nitrogen donor disposition and the steric bulk of the substituent on the dicarboxylate aromatic ring. According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, [Cu(ip)(3-pna)]n (1, ip = isophthalate, 3-pna = 3-pyridylnicotinamide) shows a (4, 4) layered grid structure based on {Cu2(OCO)2} dimeric units. {[Cu(ip)(3-pina)]·H2O}n (2, 3-pina = 3-pyridylisonicotinamide) exhibits similar dimeric units, but in contrast to 1 these are connected into a non-interpenetrated 3D 658 cds network. Both [Cu(mip)(3-pina)]n (3, mip = 5-methylisophthalate) and [Cu(meoip)(3-pina)]n (4, mip = 5-methoxyisophthalate) display dimer-based 41263 pcu networks in contrast to 2. Use of 5-hydroxyisophthalate (H2hip) as a precursor afforded a mixture of {[Cu2(hip)2(3-pina)4]·9.5H2O}n (5) and [Cu(hip)(3-pina)]n (6). Compound 5 shows a 2D interdigitated structure with [Cu(hip)]n coordination polymer layers featuring {Cu2(OCO)2} dimeric units and pendant 3-pina ligands, while 6 also showed a dimer-based 41263 pcu network. Use of the very sterically bulky 5-tert-butylisophthalate (tbip) ligand afforded the 1D chain coordination polymer {[Cu(tbip)(3-pina)2(H2O)]·H2O}n (7), which contains isolated copper ions in contrast to 1–6, and has a curious “butterfly“ resemblance. Very weak antiferromagnetic coupling is seen within the {Cu2(OCO)2} dimeric units in 1. Thermal decomposition behavior is also discussed.
The Surgical Management of Intermittent Exotropia in Adults

Most studies of intermittent exotropia deal primarily with children. However, the manifestations of this disorder in adults differ considerably from those in children. The case records of 44 adults (ages 15-70) who underwent surgery for intermittent exotropia were analyzed. These patients experienced a variety of preoperative symptoms including diplopia, headache, difficulty with reading, and ocular fatigue or pain. Cosmesis was a rare presenting complaint. The authors recommend that surgery in adults be conservative, aiming at slight undercorrection. Surgical management was successful in 41 of 44 patients. All patients with postoperative exodeviations under 15 delta had complete resolution of symptoms. Most patients with larger residual exodeviations did not improve symptomatically; patients with postoperative exodeviations tended to experience persistent diplopia.
Noise-Resistant Classification: Subsymbolic and Hybrid Architectures for Event Classification in Plasma Physics*

Two major characteristics of data collected by NASA missions are its staggering amounts and the presence of noise. Scientists require tools which will automate data processing tasks, including data decontamination and classification. Presented here are two approaches to automating these tasks: (1) utilizing neural networks in classification tasks despite significant amounts of noise in the data; and (2) combining neural networks' capability to extract features from data in the presence of noise with inductive learning techniques for assisting plasma physicists in classifying fields and particles events. While these learning techniques are being applied to the data from the magnetometer instrument on the Galileo spacecraft, the general approach is applicable to a wide range of engineering problems involving signal processing and classification in the presence of noise. This paper describes ongoing work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in using machine learning techniques to automate these data processing tasks.
Adverse functional outcomes associated with body water deficits

Humans have intricate regulatory mechanisms to sustain hydration, however, body water deficits can occur. Acute body water deficits are common due to high rates of fluid losses and insufficient intake. Chronic water deficits are rare and often associated with pathologies and/or medications. This lecture examines the adverse functional outcomes possibly associated with body water deficits. Functional outcomes are measurable changes in physiological strain, health/wellness and performance. Hydration physiology and evidence regarding five possible adverse functional outcomes will be reviewed: 1) cardiovascular strain, 2) thermoregulation, 3) aerobic performance, 4) mood/ cognition, and 5) diseases.
The Consequences of Forced Displacement in Northern Uganda

Over 21 million people are currently forced to live in internally displaced person camps around the world, the majority already from low income areas. The effect of this movement has meant a severe impact on the populations, but due to estimation and data difficulties, little is known about the impact of this movement on livelihoods and health. A data set on households and communities in a conflict zone in northern Uganda offers the opportunity to exploit a possible exogenous variation in movement and a discontinuity design in order to control for endogenous factors and thus obtain potentially unbiased estimates of the cost of movement on the people. I find that being forced to move is associated with an increase in the value of assets for households that originally had little or no assets and a decrease in the value of assets of all other households between 17% and 26%. Estimation on principal component analysis is likewise significant and suggests an even greater association. I also find that, for all income groups, displacement is associated with a decrease in the likelihood of a household consuming meat, an indicator of consumption quality and general health, of up to 71%. These two indicators suggest a possible serious long-run decrease in the economic growth potential of households as the people move home.
What Is the Best Method to Fit Time-Resolved Data? A Comparison of the Residual Minimization and the Maximum Likelihood Techniques As Applied to Experimental Time-Correlated, Single-Photon Counting Data.

The need for measuring fluorescence lifetimes of species in subdiffraction-limited volumes in, for example, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, entails the dual challenge of probing a small number of fluorophores and fitting the concomitant sparse data set to the appropriate excited-state decay function. This need has stimulated a further investigation into the relative merits of two fitting techniques commonly referred to as “residual minimization” (RM) and “maximum likelihood” (ML). Fluorescence decays of the well-characterized standard, rose bengal in methanol at room temperature (530 ± 10 ps), were acquired in a set of five experiments in which the total number of “photon counts” was approximately 20, 200, 1000, 3000, and 6000 and there were about 2–200 counts at the maxima of the respective decays. Each set of experiments was repeated 50 times to generate the appropriate statistics. Each of the 250 data sets was analyzed by ML and two different RM methods (differing in the weighting of r...
Dynamics of Environmental and Financial Performance The Case of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

While corporate sustainability has been defined as an approach that creates long-term value with minimum environmental damage, there is still little understanding of the time horizon over which imp...
X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy of epitaxial molecular C sub 60 films

Films of the new carbon allotrope, molecular C{sub 60}, also known as Buckminsterfullerene, have been grown on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The films have been characterized with X-ray 2{theta} diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The diffraction data from oriented films show that close-packed planes of C{sub 60} molecules are stacked parallel to the substrate surface but that the correlation length for X-ray scattering is less than 200 {angstrom}. The electron spectroscopic data show that the C atoms of C{sub 60} are essentially sp{sup 2}-bonded, but there are significant differences with respect to graphite.
Imprinted Plasmonic Surfaces as Flexible Reflective Color Displays

A flexible reflective plasmonic display has been developed in which each pixel is shown to actively tune across the visible spectrum. This is significant for the development of low cost reflective displays on flexible substrates.
Temperature Dependence of the Synthesis of Adenovirus Tumor and Viral Antigens

SummaryThe synthesis of adenovirus T and V antigens in infected cell cultures incubated at different temperatures was studied. At low temperature (24°C) development of V antigens was limited, while significantly larger amounts of T antigen were produced. Raising the incubation temperature from 24 to 37°C led to a rapid increase in V antigen. Highest titers of T antigen for adenovirus types 12, 18, and 31 were obtained in Vero and RK-1 cells incubated at 30°C. The antigen produced in the cultures was found to be unusually cross-reactive with type 7 tumor antibody. Thermal separation of the synthesis of adenovirus T and V antigens in cell cultures should provide a method for the production of adenovirus T an tigens.
A Foot in the Door Exploring the Role of Student Teaching Assignments in Teachers’ Initial Job Placements

We use data from Washington State to examine two stages of the teacher pipeline: the placement of prospective teachers into student teaching assignments and the hiring of prospective teachers into their first teaching positions. We find that prospective teachers are likely to complete their student teaching near their college and hometowns but that prospective teachers’ student teaching positions are much more predictive of their first teaching positions than their hometowns. This suggests that student teaching assignments may contribute to the “draw of home” in new teacher hiring. We also find that more qualified prospective teachers tend to student teach in more advantaged districts, suggesting that patterns in student teaching assignments may contribute to the inequitable distribution of teacher quality.
Plastic cement slurry in deep wells

The thick salt and gyps layers are frequently encountered during cementing in deep or ultra deep wells, and the characteristics of deep hole, high temperature, and thick cement loop exist in the wells. In addition, cement slurry performances can be changed by the invasion of formation brine. All these lead to difficulty of cementing. Furthermore, owing to conventional cement stone has the properties of rigidity and fragility, it is frequently embrittlement cracking or peeling off from the casing or well wall -caused by the influence of the next working, shooting and complex formation force. Thus, salt resistance plastic cement slurry has been developed by the study on the early strength plasticizer QA which using modified fiber as the main material. The general performances such as salt resistance, thermostability and density adjustability of the slurry have been tested and the results showed that with the adding of QA, the general performances of the slurry were close to that of the conventional cement slurry, and the rupture strength, compressive strength, toughness (in seven days) and breaking strength of the cement stone have increased by 25%-30%, 16. 6%-22. 3% and 18%-21%, respectively. Meanwhile, the elastic modulus has reduced by about 17%; the salt resistance property of the slurry is excellent and the using ranges in temperatures and densities are wide. Therefore, with properties of good compatibility, good rheology, right angle thickening, strong strength and cementation, the slurry is useful for cementing in complex formation wells and it is convenient to operated in field.
Deformation prediction in soft wall rock tunnel based on the equal-dimension gray filling model

Based on the tunnel excavation in site and the monitored deformation data,a modified gray GM(1,1) model was presented with the data processing method of equal-dimension gray filling.At last,a compared analysis was addressed with the deformation data measured in site according to a deformation measurement in a soft wall rock tunnel.The results show that this model is easy to operate with a few measured data,and the precision of the prediction value improves greatly;the results will be more exact if the sampling data of the model are near the predicted results,and the fourth predicted results are basically equal to the measured values.This modified model can reflect the deformation rule in the soft wall rock tunnel more realistically.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy versus Chemoradiation Prior to Esophagectomy: Impact on Rate of Complete Pathologic Response and Survival in Esophageal Cancer Patients.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and overall survival among patients receiving either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation before esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods Patients with esophageal cancer receiving either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation before esophagectomy were identified using the National Cancer Database. Univariate analysis compared patient, tumor, and postoperative outcome characteristics. Logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with achieving pCR. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare overall median survival by neoadjuvant therapy type and pCR status. Finally, a Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify variables associated with increased mortality hazard. Results From 2006 to 2012, a total of 916 of 7338 of patients (12.5%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy whereas 6422 (87.5%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation were more likely to achieve a pCR (17.2% versus 6.4%, p p p p p = 0.12). Conclusions Although neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more successful in downstaging esophageal cancer before esophagectomy, it was not independently prognostic for improved long-term survival. Other factors affecting long-term survival among pathologic complete responders and among patients with persistent disease should be investigated to clarify this association.
Pädagogische Klassiker neu gelesen

Schutz’ Lekture von Humboldt, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Nietzsche, Montaigne, Fink und Foucault wirft aus aktueller Perspektive Fragen nach Staat, Moral, Schule, Glauben, Kritik und Subjekt auf und pruft die Antworten der ‚Klassiker‘ dazu. Gemeinsamer Referenzpunkt der Lekture ist die existenzial-kritische Padagogik, die es erlaubt, die Texte aus dem Erfahrungshorizont der Gegenwart auch „gegen den Strich“ zu lesen. Schutz fragt nach dem Verhaltnis von Staat und Erziehung (Humboldt), von Natur und Freiheit bzw. Kultur (Rousseau); er fragt nach der Humanitat zwischen moralischer und offentlicher Bildung (Pestalozzi) und nach den bildenden Aufgaben der Schule und Hochschule in Zeiten der Krise aller Bildungsinstitutionen und, damit zusammenhangend, nach der Krise der Identitatsbildung (Nietzsche). Er wendet sich dem fragilen und gespannten Verhaltnis von Glauben und Bildung zu als einem Ausdruck der Differenz zwischen Sagbarem und Unsagbarem (Nietzsche). Er liest Montaignes Essais als Ausdruck einer skeptischen Selbst-Praxis und Selbst-Bildung und Eugen Finks Technik-Philosophie als Aufruf, an Wissenschaft und Erziehungswissenschaft, sich zu ihrer Normativitat produktiv zu verhalten. Schlieslich wird Foucaults Macht- und Diskurs-Theorie durchaus zustimmend nachvollzogen, um dann der Diskurs-Praktik eine anthropologische Praxis kritisch entgegenzustellen und von dort aus eine Re-Lekture zu wagen.
On the Chest Index

(1926). On the Chest Index. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 31, No. 10, pp. 1130-1138.
Comparison of Hospital Mortality and Readmission Rates for Medicare Patients Treated by Male vs Female Physicians.

Importance Studies have found differences in practice patterns between male and female physicians, with female physicians more likely to adhere to clinical guidelines and evidence-based practice. However, whether patient outcomes differ between male and female physicians is largely unknown. Objective To determine whether mortality and readmission rates differ between patients treated by male or female physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants We analyzed a 20% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years or older hospitalized with a medical condition and treated by general internists from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014. We examined the association between physician sex and 30-day mortality and readmission rates, adjusted for patient and physician characteristics and hospital fixed effects (effectively comparing female and male physicians within the same hospital). As a sensitivity analysis, we examined only physicians focusing on hospital care (hospitalists), among whom patients are plausibly quasi-randomized to physicians based on the physician’s specific work schedules. We also investigated whether differences in patient outcomes varied by specific condition or by underlying severity of illness. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients’ 30-day mortality and readmission rates. Results A total of 1 583 028 hospitalizations were used for analyses of 30-day mortality (mean [SD] patient age, 80.2 [8.5] years; 621 412 men and 961 616 women) and 1 540 797 were used for analyses of readmission (mean [SD] patient age, 80.1 [8.5] years; 602 115 men and 938 682 women). Patients treated by female physicians had lower 30-day mortality (adjusted mortality, 11.07% vs 11.49%; adjusted risk difference, –0.43%; 95% CI, –0.57% to –0.28%; P P Conclusions and Relevance Elderly hospitalized patients treated by female internists have lower mortality and readmissions compared with those cared for by male internists. These findings suggest that the differences in practice patterns between male and female physicians, as suggested in previous studies, may have important clinical implications for patient outcomes.
Mixed methods research

Historically, it has been commonplace for scholars across disciplines to view quantitative and qualitative research approaches as being in opposition to each other and to emphasize the perceived we...
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in 2017: Getting to Goal

More than 29 million people in the United States and 420 million globally have diabetes, with a projected global prevalence of 642 million by 2040.1,2 This accelerating pandemic comes with high personal and financial costs to the individual, society, and the economy. The expanding number of antihyperglycemic medication options for type 2 diabetes, often involving different mechanisms of action and safety profiles, can be a challenge for clinicians, and the increasing complexity of diabetes management requires a well-informed strategy for prevention and treatment of this disease.
Reclaiming alterity: strangeness and the queering of Islam in medieval and early modern Spain

This essay argues for the reclamation of radical alterity or the intentional embracing of difference/otherness/strangeness by Muslims as a location of solidarity with marginalized communities, who ...
Numerical analysis and model development for laminar flame speed of stratified methane/air mixtures

Abstract Numerical simulations of stratified methane/air flames with various stratification configurations are conducted using an 1-D unsteady reacting flow solver. Among all the stratified flame cases investigated, rich-to-lean stratified flames show significant departures from homogeneous flames, i.e., up to 50% increase in fuel consumption speeds, primarily due to preferential diffusion of lighter species and radicals from rich burnt products. A sensitivity study of transport properties further reveals that preferential diffusion of molecular hydrogen H 2 along with radicals H, OH is the dominant factor in increasing stratified flame speeds, compared to the influence of heat diffusion and diffusion of H 2 O. Larger departure of stratified flames from homogeneous flames is observed in those cases with higher degree of stratification. In order to model transient behaviors of stratified flames with arbitrary stratification configurations, a local stratification level (LSL) model is proposed. LSL incorporates the effect of preferential diffusion by introducing a transfer function from molecular hydrogen concentration gradients to equivalence ratio gradients, and the memory effect by solving the transient model equation of LSL. The model results match well with directly simulated results quantitatively with error less than ∼10% for both lean and rich conditions.
Thematic Webbing and the Curriculum Standards in the Primary Grades.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' s Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) reflects the importance of understanding the development of knowledge at the K-4 level. The standards document recognizes that current instructional and curricular content must focus on students' active construction of mathematical knowledge. Instructional practices need to be conceptually oriented, involve children actively, emphasize the development of mathematical thinking and application, and include a broad range of content. The thematic approach is a method of instruction teachers use to allow children
The Long Eighteenth Century: “Limbs Torn Asunder, Borrowing the Bones, and Identifying the Corpus”

The connections between Marlowe and Shakespeare in the long eighteenth century comprise Chap. 4, entitled “Limbs Torn Asunder, Borrowing the Bones, and Identifying the Corpus.” The period from 1660 to 1800 marks a new phase in the interpretation of the relationship. Instead of being disturbed or anxious, these dramatists such as Aphra Behn, were far more practical in their engagement, daring enough to perform a type of literary grave robbing as they borrowed the limbs, bones, and sometimes the whole skeletal form of the two predecessors; they then re-animated them to create their own body of work, including adaptations, alterations, and appropriations. Later in the century, critics such as Milton’s nephew Edward Phillips worked to reassemble the corpuses of the two early modern writers.
Micro-robotic Handling Solutions for PCB (re-)Manufacturing

Abstract The wide investigation of the last decades on a variety of electronic products in order to increase their performance while miniaturizing them, has raised new issues related to their manufacturing, remanufacturing and reuse at their end-of-life. This scenario introduces further challenges, related to demanding specifications, to be addressed with enhanced or new (re-) manufacturing processes, innovative systems, and advanced strategies. In this context, this paper discusses some challenging applications exploiting novel automatic solutions on different complexity levels of the process, from the component to the whole system, including devices, tools and robotized work-cells developed by the authors.
Positive Youth Development in Diverse and Global Contexts

A new special issue Child Development focuses on a number of efforts around positive youth development—both within the United States with vulnerable populations as well as in global settings. The volume offers a wealth of information about how positive youth development efforts need to be tailored to specific and unique contexts, and why imposing program models or curricula on diverse populations often fails. Practitioners will gain an appreciation for the power of positive youth development to transform lives when programs are intentional, well-planned and targeted. This special issue is available online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.2017.88.issue-4/issuetoc .
The Experience of Diabetes-Related Language in Diabetes Care

Objective. The goal of this study was to understand how adults with diabetes experience the words used in diabetes care. Methods. This qualitative study guided by Critical Theory used two virtual and two in-person focus groups conducted by the same facilitator. A total of 68 focus group members participated. The facilitator transcribed and coded focus group data using individual responses as the unit of analysis. The facilitator used constant comparison to analyze responses and developed a research summary of themes that emerged. A second coder confirmed the themes originally identified, and participants provided feedback on the summary. Results. Many negative and stigmatizing words are used in diabetes care. Several themes emerged from the data, including judgment; fear and anxiety; labels, reminders, and assumptions; oversimplification and directives; misunderstanding, misinformation, and disconnection; and body language and tone. Participants reported experiencing negative diabetes-related words in the general public, with their health care providers (HCPs), and in the media. Participants made suggestions for HCPs to replace negative words; they raised a concern that current negative words will be replaced by others with similar negative connotations; and they said they would feel more like a partner in their care if HCPs stopped using these words. Conclusion. The language used in diabetes care has an impact on people who live with the disease. Awareness is the first step in eradicating stigma in diabetes care. HCPs can improve patient-provider communication and contribute to a more positive experience for people living with diabetes by choosing words that empower.
Semi-infinite Discrete Minmax Fractional Programs

A set of generalized second-order parametric necessary optimality conditions and several sets of second-order sufficient optimality conditions for a semi-infinite discrete minmax fractional programming problem applying various generalized second-order \((\phi ,\eta ,\rho ,\theta ,\tilde{m})\)-invexity assumptions are presented.
Hormone-Dependent Chromatin Modifications Related to Sexually Differentiated Behaviors

Behaviors associated with reproduction depend on brain mechanisms which are the most extremely differentiated between the sexes. This article will describe those brain mechanisms, with an emphasis on sexually differentiated regulation of gene expression in the neurons of the hypothalamus. In turn, hormone-dependent transcriptional activation is regulated by changes in chromatin, histone proteins the tails of which are subject to several forms of chemical modification. We will describe specific examples of histone tail acetylation and methylation as they influence reproductive behavior and sex differences in the brain. Finally, we must ask: under what circumstances are sex differences in brain and behavior most important? Thinking that sexually differentiated maladies answer that question, we will propose a 3-hit theory of the large sex difference in autism: (1) genetic predispositions, followed by (2) androgenic hormone effects on CNS arousal systems and limbic forebrain, in young males; followed in turn by (3) deleterious effects of early stress. These three types of mechanisms yield the ‘extreme male brain’ of the autistic boy.
The Relevance of Gibson’s Ecological Approach to Perception for Environment-Behavior Studies

The ecological approach developed by the late James J. Gibson (1966, 1979) has been described as a revolutionary psychology (Heft, 1988a; Mace, 1977; Neisser, 1976, 1990; Reed, 1988, 1996; Reed & Jones, 1979; Turvey, 1977). It is a radical departure from the way perceiving, and knowing more generally, have been traditionally conceptualized in psychology and philosophy. At the heart of Gibson’s ecological approach is an original analysis of the environment, which in turn leads to a novel view of person—environment relations with significant implications for psychology and epistemology. Because of the distinctive nature of these conceptualizations of the environment and person—environment relations, Gibson’s ecological approach has been promoted as having particular significance for environment—behavior (EB) studies and environmental design (Heft, 1981, 1988a; Kaminski, 1989; Krampen, 1991; Landwehr, 1988; Lang, 1987).
High spatial resolution mapping of aerosol composition and sourcesin Oakland, California using mobile aerosol mass spectrometry

Abstract. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns in concentration and composition of sub-micron particulate matter (PM 1 ) in Oakland, California in the summer of 2017 using an aerosol mass spectrometer mounted in a mobile laboratory. We performed ∼ 160 hours of mobile sampling in the city over a 20-day period. Measurements are compared for three adjacent neighborhoods with distinct land uses: a central business district ( downtown ), a residential district ( West Oakland ), and a major shipping port. The average organic aerosol (OA) concentration is 5.3 μgm −3 and contributes ∼ 50 % of the PM 1 mass. OA concentrations in downtown are, on average, 1.5 μgm −3 higher than in West Oakland and Port. We decomposed OA into three factors using positive matrix factorization: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA; 20 % average contribution), cooking OA (COA; 25 %) and semi-volatile oxidized OA (SV-OOA; 55 %). The collective 45 % contribution from primary OA (HOA + COA) emphasizes the importance of primary emissions in Oakland. The dominant source of primary OA shifts from HOA-rich in the morning to COA-rich after lunch time. COA in downtown is consistently higher than West Oakland and Port due to a large number of restaurants. HOA exhibits variability in space and time. Morning-time HOA concentration in downtown is twice that in Port, but Port HOA increases more than two-fold during mid-day, likely because trucking activity at the Port peaks at that time. Despite the expectation of being spatially uniform, SV-OOA also exhibits spatial differences. Morning-time SV-OOA in downtown is roughly 25 % (∼ 0.6 μgm −3 ) higher than the rest of Oakland. Even as the entire domain approaches a more uniform photo-chemical state in the afternoon, downtown SV-OOA remains statistically higher than West Oakland and Port, suggesting that downtown is a microenvironment with higher photochemical activity. Higher concentrations of particulate sulfate (also of secondary origin) with no direct sources in Oakland further reflect higher photochemical activity in downtown. A combination of several factors (poor ventilation of air masses in street canyons, higher concentrations of precursor gases, higher concentrations of the hydroxyl radical) likely result in the proposed high photochemical activity in downtown. Lastly, through Van Krevelen analysis of elemental ratios (H/C, O/C) of the OA, we show that OA in Oakland is more chemically reduced than several other urban areas. This underscores the importance of primary emissions in Oakland. We also show that mixing of oceanic air masses with these primary emissions in Oakland is an important processing mechanism that governs the overall OA composition in Oakland. The findings of this study are important because the pollutants we find contributing the most to OA variability, both of primary and secondary origin, are ubiquitous in other urban locations.
Synthesis and characterization of triruthenium carbonyl incorporating 4-pyridones as potential antitumor agents

Abstract Four new organometallic triruthenium carbonyl incorporating 4-pyridones: [Ru 3 (CO) 8 (2L-2H)] ( 1 , L = N-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridone; 2 , L = 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-phenyl-4-pyridone; 3 , L = 3-hydroxy-N,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone; 4 , L = 2-methyl-4-pyridone) were synthesized and characterized. Proton NMR spectrum of 1 shows doublets for the two-nonequivalent benzylic hydrogens due to restricted rotation around C-N bond upon bonding to Ru(2)---Ru(3) as opposed to a singlet in the unbound N-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridone. Compounds 1 and 3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses. Compounds 1 and 3 consists of two ruthenium-ruthenium bonds Ru(1)-Ru(2), Ru(1)-Ru(3) and a non-bonded separation of two ruthenium atoms defined by Ru(2) … Ru(3), which is bridged by two 3 electron donar oxygen atoms through two-pyridinonato ligands above and below triruthenium plane, and 8 terminal CO groups. Atoms Ru(2) and Ru(3) ligated by two CO ligands each and Ru(1) with four. Antitumor activity of the compounds 1–4 has been evaluated against five types of human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 show excellent antitumor activity due to lipophilic nature of N-substituted arene pyridinonato ligands than compounds 3 and 4 . Structure-activity studies show that there is a correlation between the N-substituted arene pyridinonato ligands and an increase in activity following the order 1 > 2>3 > 4. The anticancer activity of compounds 1 and 2 is between 1–2 orders of magnitude more active than cisplatin. This is possibly due to substitution of CO ligands at Ru(1) by transferrin delivery vehicle transporting to cancer cells and lipophilic N-substituted arenes diffuse through lipophic membrane leading to apoptosis and other carbonyl groups under physiological conditions likely function as carbonyl releasing molecules (CORMs).
Incidence and impact of thromboembolic events in lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab.

e20624Background: Lung cancer has one of the highest incidences of thromboembolic events (TEE) ranging from 8.4 to13.2%. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy in lung cancer is a well-established risk facto...
Precision and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for lobar classification of benign prostatic hyperplasia

To validate the application of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based lobar classification of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for use in research and clinical management. Two radiologists with 5 and 11 years post-fellowship experience were trained in the lobar classification of BPH using an internally developed atlas of prostate anatomy with example MRI images edited by a third senior radiologist designated as the “administrator” of the study. A study population of 140 patients referred to a tertiary academic medical center with known or suspected prostate cancer was selected by the administrator to test the interrater reliability (IRR; precision) of the classification as well as accuracy of the two readers compared to the administrator as the “gold” standard. The intrarater reliability of repeat readings of the administrator was also examined. Percentage of agreement, proportion of agreement, and Cohen’s κ were applied. This was a retrospective IRB-approved study. IRR (precision) between the two interpreting radiologists was 64% agreement, corresponding to unweighted κ of 0.52. Composite proportion of agreement across all BPH types (categories) for interpreting radiologists was 0.67. Observer accuracy was 62% agreement, unweighted κ 0.49, for observer 1 and 67%, unweighted κ 0.58, for observer 2. Intrarater reliability for the administrator was 87% agreement, unweighted κ 0.81 with composite proportion of agreement across all categories of 0.87. MRI lobar classification of BPH is a reproducible and reliable tool for research and clinical applications.
Parameterizations of data-driven nonlinear dynamic process models for fast scheduling calculations

Abstract Global competition and increasingly complex product slates and supply chains motivate a continuous drive towards enterprise-wide optimization and integrated decision-making in the chemical process industries. Integration of production scheduling and process control poses particular challenges: the resulting optimization problems tend to be high-dimensional and nonlinear, calling for development of new computational methods. In this work, we propose a novel modeling framework for integrated scheduling and control. We build on existing methods which use data-driven Hammerstein–Wiener models to represent the dynamics of (scheduling-relevant) process variables. This model structure is leveraged to reduce the size of the scheduling optimization problem, by identifying parsimonious parametric representations of the underlying dynamics. The advantages of the approach are demonstrated on two case studies, in which the computational effort is shown to be significantly reduced compared to existing methods, while still capturing the relevant process dynamics.
The impact of the number of lymph node metastases on the overall recurrence of colon cancer in the era of sentinel lymph node mapping

4049 Background: Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping (SLNM) in colon Cancerc (Cca) has been shown to be successful, sensitive and accurate. We aimed to evaluate the recurrence rates in patients(pts) with C...
The use of Alloderm® for correction of severe chordee in children: An initial experience.

Summary Introduction Correction of chordee remains a prerequisite prior to urethroplasty in children with severe hypospadias. The use of an interposition graft is indicated when significant chordee (>300) persists after division of the urethral plate. The use of free dermis or tunica vaginalis are most often used, but the use of a pre-packaged graft material is attractive with regards to efficiency. The success with small intestine submucosa (SIS) has been variable and experience with Alloderm® has not been published. Objective To determine if Alloderm®, an acellular dermal matrix with regenerative properties, can effectively, safely, and efficiently be used for corporal grafting in cases of severe chordee in children associated with hypospadias or intersex Study design All boys underwent planned staged repair of severe hypospadias (penoscrotal or more proximal). If artificial erection (AE) demonstrated chordee >450 after penile degloving and removal of fibrotic tissue, and again after urethral plate division, the ventral tunica albuginea was incised 1800 transversely and the oval defect measured in both axes. Alloderm® was trimmed to size and sewn into the defect. AE confirmed chordee correction. At the second stage repair (>6 months later), AE was performed to confirm continued absence of chordee. Conclusion Alloderm®is safe, effective and simple to use graft material for correcting severe chordee. The benefits include performance efficiency without need for separate harvesting and donor site closure, and redundancy of material, if needed. Additional series and longer follow up must confirm these results and better assess durability. Results Pt # Age at 1st stage (mo) Age at 2nd stage (mo) Diagnosis Meatal Position Alloderm® graft size (cm2) 2nd stage repair Residual chordee at 2nd surgery 1 7 13 Hypospadias Penoscrotal 2.36 Tunneled buccal tube none 2 16 23 Hypospadias Penoscrotal 0.94 Tunneled buccal tube none 3 25 45 46 XX DSD Mid-scrotal 2.51 Tunneled buccal tube none 4 6.5 14.5 46 XY DSD Mid-scrotal 0.94 Long Thiersch tube none 5 6 24 46 XY DSD Mid-scrotal 1.71 Long Thiersch tube none 6 27 39 46 XY DSD Perineal 2.95 Long Thiersch tube none 7 6 14 46 XY DSD Mid-scrotal 0.63 Long Thiersch tube none