cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motivationales Klima in Reform- und Regelschulklassen: Unterschiede, Gemeinsamkeiten und Effekte auf Schülermotivation

Reformschulen verfolgen von ihrem Selbstverstandnis her einen Ansatz, der u. a. durch eine starke Betonung von Individualisierung und der Selbstregulation des Lernens gekennzeichnet ist. Bezuglich der motivationalen Bedingungen im Unterricht kann entsprechend erwartet werden, dass sich Reformschulen gegenuber Regelschulen durch ein gunstigeres motivationales Klima charakterisieren lassen, das mit einer gunstigeren Motivation und gunstigerem emotionalem Erleben seitens der Schuler(innen) in Beziehung steht. Zur Erweiterung des noch luckenhaften Forschungsstands dazu wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit als Aspekte des motivationalen Klimas die Klassenzielstrukturen und die Lehrkraft-Bezugsnormorientierungen an Reformschulen vergleichend zu Regelschulen untersucht. Als Indikatoren der Motivation und des emotionalen Erlebens der Schuler(innen) wurden Zielorientierungen und Leistungsangst einbezogen. Analysiert wurden Daten einer auf das Schulfach Mathematik bezogenen Studie mit 1120 Schuler(inne)n aus 56 Klassen der Sekundarstufe, darunter 22 Klassen an Reformschulen (Montessori- und Waldorf-Schulen) sowie 34 Klassen an Regelschulen. Die Ergebnisse erbrachten bedeutsame Unterschiede zwischen Reform- und Regelschulen mit durchgehend gunstigeren Auspragungen an Reformschulen. Beobachtbar waren aber auch grose Uberlappungen zwischen den beiden Schultypen sowie grose Unterschiede zwischen Schulklassen innerhalb von Reform- und Regelschulen.
Prosthetic rehabilitation for a patient with systemic sclerosis and sjögren's syndrome: a clinical report and review

Systemic sclerosis, although a rare disease, has numerous direct and indirect effects on the oral cavity. This article aims to inform clinicians of the signs and symptoms they may see in patients w...
Human head modeling and applications

Abstract Human head, the upper portion of the human body, is of great importance to human vision, motion, and respiratory. Human head modeling is to use computational methods to construct a human head for engineering design. This chapter presents the human head modeling and its applications. One application is head injury prediction that aims to accurately predict injury and enable helmet designers to study the impact of changes made to the geometry and materials. Another application is the respirator design that attempts to use high biofidelity head models to simulate the contact pressure between the human face and a respirator. Next application is human posture prediction that aims for vehicle interior design.
Aerial surveys cause large but ephemeral decreases in bear presence at salmon streams in Kodiak, Alaska.

Aerial surveys are often used to monitor wildlife and fish populations, but rarely are the effects on animal behavior documented. For over 30 years, the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge has conducted low-altitude aerial surveys to assess Kodiak brown bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi) space use and demographic composition when bears are seasonally congregated near salmon spawning streams in southwestern Kodiak Island, Alaska. Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are an important bear food and salmon runs are brief, so decreases in time spent fishing for salmon may reduce salmon consumption by bears. The goal of this study was to apply different and complementary field methods to evaluate the response of bears to these aerial surveys. Ground-based counts at one stream indicated 62% of bears departed the 200m-wide survey zone in response to aerial surveys, but bear counts returned to pre-survey abundance after only three hours. Although this effect was brief, survey flights occurred during the hours of peak daily bear activity (morning and evening), so the three-hour disruption appeared to result in a 25% decline in cumulative daily detections by 38 time-lapse cameras deployed along 10 salmon streams. Bear responses varied by sex—male bears were much more likely than female bears (with or without cubs) to depart streams and female bears with GPS collars did not move from streams following surveys. Although bears displaced by aerial surveys may consume fewer salmon, the actual effect on their fitness depends on whether they compensate by foraging at other times or by switching to other nutritious resources. Data from complementary sources allows managers to more robustly understand the impacts of surveys and whether their benefits are justified. Similar assessments should be made on alternative techniques such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and non-invasive sampling to determine whether they supply equivalent data while limiting bear disturbance.
Towards a unified Italy: historical, cultural, and literary perspectives on the southern question: by Salvatore di Maria, London & New York, Palgrave-MacMillan, 2019, 263 pp., $84.99 (soft cover), ISBN 9783030080945

Salvatore di Maria’s Towards a Unified Italy: Historical, Cultural, and Literary Perspectives on the Southern Question is both an intellectual and emotional labour of love. Written by a scholar who...
BisMapR: a strand-specific, nuclease-based method for genome-wide R-loop detection

Abstract R-loops are three stranded nucleic acid structures with essential roles in many nuclear processes. However, their unchecked accumulation as seen in some neurodevelopmental diseases and cancers and is associated with compromised genome stability. Genome-wide profiling of R-loops in normal cells and their comparison in disease states can help identify precise locations of pathogenic R-loops and advance efforts to attenuate deviant R-loops while preserving biologically important ones. Toward this, we have developed an antibody-independent R-loop detection strategy, BisMapR, that combines nuclease-based R-loop isolation with non-denaturing bisulfite chemistry to produce high-resolution, genome-wide R-loop profiles that retain strand information. Furthermore, BisMapR achieves greater resolution and is faster than existing strand-specific R-loop profiling strategies. We applied BisMapR to reveal discrete R-loop behavior at gene promoters and enhancers. We show that gene promoters exhibiting antisense transcription form R-loops in both directions. and uncover a subset of active enhancers that, despite being bidirectionally transcribed, form R-loops exclusively on one strand. Thus, BisMapR reveals a previously unnoticed feature of active enhancers and provides a tool to systematically examine their mechanisms in gene expression.
Self-Forced Silicon Photonic Integrated Optoelectronic Oscillators using High-Q Filtering Delay Lines

A Si-photonic integrated forced optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) is presented using integrated delays for a combination of optical self-injection locking (OSIL) and dual self-phase-locked loop (DSPLL). An RF signal detection of an optical phase modulation (PM) realized using 2D photonic crystal (PhC) structure with defects is demodulated using a phase to intensity (PM-IM). The combined transceiver is integrated with a similar 2D PhC structure realized as optical cavity is employed to realize an OEO. Performance of this free-running OEO is modeled in terms of close-in to the carrier phase noise; further improvement in frequency stability is demonstrated using self-forced injection locking and phase locking processes. Integrated delay lines are added to force oscillate OEO using various order of optical add-drop filter (ADF) resonators. Optimized feedback levels for OSIL and optimized loop filter gain for SPLL are identified, respectively. A phase noise reduction of 47 dB is predicted to phase noise level of −85 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset for oscillation frequency of ~ 1.2 GHz using a 13 ns delay of OSIL combined with DSPLL delays of 17 ns and 25 ns respectively.
When Did I Become a Victim? Exploring Narratives of Male Childhood Sexual Abuse

This report presents narrative data of adult men self-identifying as victims of sexual abuse occurring in childhood or adolescence (CSA). Preliminary data were derived from written public stories posted by men to the Internet (n = 90). Many of these accounts indicate same-sex sexual abuse (male victim, male perpetrator). The primary research question: “how have adult male victims of childhood sexual abuse constructed written narratives of victimization?” The men in this study who posted public narratives about their sexual abuse demonstrated evidence in of two (turmoil and taking control) of six life course themes uncovered by Draucker and Martsolf (2010). Two temporally related additional subthemes emerged within the category “taking control”: during the abusive event/relationship and after abuse in adulthood. Understanding how male victims organize and make sense of the trajectory of their victim and/or survivor identity may contribute to a more integrated healing for victims. This could also shape programs for outreach and support. The result of the study would aid in the development of diagnostic tools and frameworks for interviewing abuse victims who are not publicly presenting or formally reporting their stories.
Slow, heterogeneous NFĸB single molecule conformational dynamics and implications for function

The transcription factor NFκB (RelA-p50) is a multidomain protein that binds DNA and its inhibitor, IκBα with apparently different conformations. We used single-molecule FRET to characterize the interdomain motions of the N-terminal DNA-binding domains in the free protein and also in various bound states. Several surprising results emerged from this study. First, the domains moved with respect to each other on several widely different timescales from hundreds of milliseconds to minutes. The free NFκB displayed stochastic motions leading to a broad distribution of states, ranging from very low-FRET states to high-FRET states. Varying the ionic strength altered the slow motions suggesting that they may be due to different weak electrostatic interactions between the domains creating a rugged energy landscape. Third, the DNA-binding domains continued to be mobile even when the protein was bound to its cognate DNA, but in this case the majority of the states were either high-FRET, a state expected from the available x-ray structures, or low-FRET, a state consistent with one of the DNA-binding domains dissociated. The fluctuations of the DNA-bound states were of lower amplitude and slightly faster frequency. Fourth, the inhibitor, IκBα freezes the domains into a low-FRET state, expected to be incapable of binding DNA. Neutralization of five acidic residues in the IκBα PEST sequence, which was previously shown to impair IκBαs ability to strip NFκB from the DNA, also impaired its ability to freeze the domains into a low-FRET state indicating that the freezing of motions of the DNA-binding domains is essential for efficient molecular stripping.
Single institution early clinical experience with the Scepter Mini balloon catheter.

BackgroundThe use of liquid embolic agents in the endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous (dAVFs) fistulas and brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has become common practice. The use of ...
Understand_V.T.S.HAOS

Is there any other way for us to understand the world through Human and AI integration? Understand_V.T.S.HAOS is an installation that substitutes senses. It helps explore and ponder in the process of cultivation. This work conducts an experiment in which the possibility of the cooperation between natural and artificial algorithms is assessed, and serves as an approach to human enhancement. That is, it investigates how well our brains (natural) work with AI (man-made).
Mental health impact of the COVID disaster on older people – how does it feel to be a burden?

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a disaster that has impacted lives globally. The purpose of this paper is to understand the linkage between the COVID 19 disaster and its impact on mental health of older people 70+. To reach this aim we reviewed the literature on disasters, COVID and mental conditions of older people (70+). The mental responses of the COVID disaster are multidimensional and potentially long-lasting. Rates of mental conditions of older persons vary widely due to exposure to COVID, country, population groups and methods used when conducting the study. We identified a multitude of factors contributing to mental conditions in older people, in general. We identified COVID-19 specific factors which have an impact such as threat to own life and threat to life of loved ones, interruption of behaviors and services, and physical as well as social isolation. Additionally, in older age, life events and feelings of being a burden contribute to mental conditions. To better understand the long impact of the COVID disaster on older people`s mental health we need to understand also the impact of past life events which may exacerbate the impact of the COVID disaster on mental conditions as well the impact of the current exposure to the pandemic.
Effects of IQOS health warnings and modified risk claims among young adult cigarette smokers and non-smokers.

Introduction Heated tobacco products, including Marlboro IQOS, are available globally. In the USA, IQOS was authorised to be advertised with claims about reduced toxicant exposure relative to cigarettes. The effects of such modified risk claims and health warnings have not been studied among young adult cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Methods In 2020, US young adult (18-30 years, n=1328) cigarette smokers and non-smokers viewed an IQOS ad in a 4 (modified risk claim variations or none) by 3 (warning variations or none) between-subjects experiment. Outcome measures assessed perceived credibility and effectiveness of the health or risk message for discouraging IQOS use, perceived harms, efficacy beliefs, and IQOS use intentions. Results Smokers reported significantly higher (p Conclusions Among young adult smokers, health warnings increased perceived effectiveness at discouraging IQOS use and perceived credibility. Among non-smokers, warnings and claims increased perceived credibility and warnings increased perceived effectiveness, but the Food and Drug Administration-authorised reduced exposure claim increased intentions to use IQOS. Research is warranted to understand how the content of modified risk claims and health warnings for IQOS affects IQOS use in this population.
RNA-Seq analysis identifies novel roles for the primary cilia gene SPAG17 and the SOX9 locus non-coding RNAs in systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by immune activation, vasculopathy, and unresolving fibrosis in the skin, lungs, and other organs. We performed RNA-Seq analysis on skin biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SSc patients and controls to better understand SSc pathogenesis. We analyzed these data to 1) test for case-control differences, and 2) identify genes whose expression levels correlate with SSc severity as measured by local skin score, modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS), forced vital capacity (FVC), or diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). We found that PBMCs from SSc patients showed a strong type 1 interferon signature. This signal replicated in the skin, with additional signals for increased extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, classical complement pathway activation, and the presence of B cells. Notably, we observed a marked decrease in the expression of SPAG17, a cilia component, in SSc skin. We identified genes that correlated with MRSS, DLCO, and FVC in SSc PBMCs and skin using weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). These genes were largely distinct from the case/control differentially expressed genes. In PBMCs, type 1 interferon signatures negatively correlated with DLCO. In SSc skin, ECM gene expression positively correlated with MRSS. Network analysis of SSc skin genes correlated with clinical features identified the non-coding RNAs SOX9-AS1 and ROCR, both near the SOX9 locus, as highly connected, "hub-like" genes in the network. These results identify non-coding RNAs and SPAG17 as novel factors potentially implicated in SSc pathogenesis.
The delicate art of rebranding a minor league baseball franchise: Practices, pitfalls, and payoffs of rebranding the Winston-Salem Warthogs

This case study deals with the transformative rebranding of the Winston-Salem Warthogs, a Class High-A minor league baseball franchise and affiliate of Major League Baseball's Chicago White Sox, as the Winston-Salem Dash. It was written and designed to be multi-faceted for instructors to use in various sport management courses, such as sport marketing, organizational behavior, human resource management, ticket and sponsorship sales, and public relations. There are three primary aims of the study. The first aim is to challenge students to critically assess the practices of external rebranding (with implications relative to consumer attitudes and brand equity) and internal rebranding (with workplace outcomes that favor employees and uphold brand values). The second aim is to make students consider the potential pitfalls of rebranding with regard to crisis and contingency planning and public relations. The third aim is to highlight the potential payoffs of rebranding when managers of sport organizations are willing to consider changes in views regarding the spirit and culture of the work environment (internal brand) and the overall quality and characteristics of brand marks (external brand). As a core feature of this real-world case study, interviews with stakeholders and personnel of the franchise give a glimpse at some real scenarios that students may face as they enter into the industry of team sport marketing.
The boosting effect of exploratory behaviors

Active object exploration is one of the hallmarks of human and animal intelligence. Research in psychology has shown that the use of multiple exploratory behaviors is crucial for learning about objects. Inspired by such research, recent work in robotics has demonstrated that by performing multiple exploratory behaviors a robot can dramatically improve its object recognition rate. But what is the cause of this improvement? To answer this question, this paper examines the conditions under which combining information from multiple behaviors and sensory modalities leads to better object recognition results. Two different problems are considered: interactive object recognition using auditory and proprioceptive feedback, and surface texture recognition using tactile and proprioceptive feedback. Analysis of the results shows that metrics designed to estimate classifier model diversity can explain the improvement in recognition accuracy. This finding establishes, for the first time, an important link between empirical studies of exploratory behaviors in robotics and theoretical results on boosting in machine learning.
Delta coding of LPC parameters

This paper presents an improvement in the quality of the LPC-coded speech at low bit rates (2400 bits/second and below), achieved by reducing the "warbliness" of the steady-state portions of the speech signal. This reduction is made possible by increasing the fineness of quantization of the LPC parameters without increasing the bit rate. The technique used is to transmit the frame-to-frame differences of the encoded parameters whenever the parameters have not changed significantly from one frame to the next.
Surgical Stapling: Principles and Precautions

Preserving the viability of the tissues distal to the line of staples is basic to the concept underlying the use of staples to perform a surgical anastomosis. The flow of blood penetrates the double staggered rows of staples that have been applied to the tissues. Unless the tissues are much too thick to be suitable for stapling, one will notice blood oozing through the staple line because the staples assume the configuration of a B when they are fired. Consequently, there is tissue along the staple line that completely escapes being enclosed by the staples, permitting the passage of blood to and beyond the stapled anastomosis. If the tissues being stapled are so thick that compression by the stapling device is likely to produce necrosis, this technique is contraindicated. On the other hand, if the tissues are so thin that the staples cannot provide a firm approximation, bleeding and anastomotic leakage may occur.
Radio and UV Observations of High Latitude HI

Interstellar Lyman alpha observations toward high latitude stars, which give the column density of H I between Earth and the star, and 21 cm radio observations, which give the total H I column density to and beyond the star, can be combined to map out the amount of neutral gas as a function of distance from the Sun. Observations of the 21 cm and Lyman alpha lines made toward approximately 50 high latitude OB stars are presented. These data are used to discuss the distribution of H I in the solar neighborhood.
Patients Treated at Low-Volume Centers have Higher Rates of Incomplete Resection and Compromised Outcomes: Analysis of 31,129 Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Background Data on the importance of margin status after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remain limited. This study sought to identify factors associated with positive margins and to determine the impact of positive margins on survival for patients with PTC.
Impact of Heterogeneity on Coverage and Broadcast Reachability in Wireless Sensor Networks

While most existing research efforts in the area of wireless sensor networks have focused on networks with identical nodes, deploying sensors with different capabilities has become a feasible choice. In this paper, we focus on sensor networks with two types of nodes that differ in their capabilities, and discuss the effects of heterogeneity of sensing and transmission ranges on the network coverage and broadcast reachability. Our work characterizes how the introduction of a few sensor nodes with better capabilities can reduce the number of total required sensors without sacrificing the coverage and the broadcast reachability. Analytical results are validated via simulations. This work can serve as a guideline for designing large-scale sensor networks cost-effectively. It can also be extended to more complicated heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with more than two types of sensors.
Towards an Effective Approach to Reduce Environmental Burdens via Process Planning

In order for companies to attain greater reductions in environmental burdens during manufacturing operations, they need to consider environmental aspects during their initial product development stages. This places an additional burden on designers and process engineers who already need to meet multiple objectives within tight constraints. Consequently, environmental aspects are rarely considered in their decision making process. Thus, if environmentally conscious decisions are to be made, the utilization of existing information must be maximized. In response to this problem we propose an approach for storing and reusing environmentally-related process information of similar component process plans via environmental process model templates. These templates will contain standard environmental information and models associated with manufacturing operations and thus should effectively support environmentally conscious decisions in component process planning and eventually design. We illustrate how the templates can be developed for a gear process planning example.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Interrelations Between QRS Morphology, Duration, and HV Interval Changes Following Right Bundle Branch Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

Interrelations between QRS morphology, duration, and HV interval changes in a model of "complete" bundle branch block following right bundle branch radiofrequency ablation have not been subjected to systematic study. This article describes these interrelations in patients who underwent right bundle ablation. Over a period of 42 months, 16 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation of the right bundle for treatment of bundle branch reentrant tachycardia. All 16 patients had prolonged HV interval at baseline (minimum = 60 ms; mean = 68 +/- 8 ms). After ablation, one patient developed complete heart block; the remaining 15 patients developed complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) and further prolongation of the HV interval (increment = 24 +/- 16 ms). In 14 of these 15 patients, QRS duration was 138 +/- 26 ms before ablation and increased to 168 +/- 13 ms after ablation. In the remaining patient, the QRS duration was 160 ms before ablation and shortened to 144 ms following ablation despite further HV prolongation. Larger increases of HV interval after ablation were associated with smaller or negative changes in QRS duration (r = -0.77). Three was a direct relationship between QRS duration at baseline and the increment in HV interval after ablation (r = 0.70), and an inverse relationship between QRS duration before and after ablation (r = 0.84). Radiofrequency ablation of right bundle may be associated with an increase in HV interval and QRS duration. However, HV interval prolongation is not necessarily associated with QRS duration widening. A large change in HV interval is more likely to be associated with an already prolonged QRS duration before ablation and a lesser increase or even decrease in QRS duration after ablation. A shorter QRS duration before ablation is associated with a smaller HV interval increase following ablation but a greater increment in QRS duration. These findings are consistent with the concept that narrowness of QRS duration is due to synchronized activation of ventricular endocardium; whereas, QRS duration widening seen with His-Purkinje damage is due to reduced synchronization of endocardial activation.
Highlights of heavy ion fusion induced by neutron-rich radioactive nuclei near the Coulomb barrier

Abstract The use of neutron-rich radioactive isotope beams for synthesizing heavy elements is a subject of continuing interest. Current experiments utilize low intensity beams to study reaction mechanisms for fusion induced by neutron-rich radioactive nuclei. Enhanced fusion cross sections were observed near and below the Coulomb barrier. A lowering of the barrier height was observed for heavy mass compound systems. Future experiments will benefit from improving detectors and increasing beam intensities.
Theory of magneto-optical properties in narrow-gap semiconductor quantum wells.

Abstract Under the influence of a strong magnetic field, the absorption spectra of electrons in an InSb quantum well are calculated for Faraday and Voigt configurations. We show that, with an inverted population of the energy levels, a stimulated emission line obtains.
Preliminary studies on venom from the brown recluse spider Loxosceles reclusa.

Abstract Venom from the spider Loxosceles reclusa was extracted by electrical stimulation. The average volume collected from about 3000 females was 0·36 μl per spider. Measured amounts of venom were injected into animals, and of those tested, rats were the most resistant. Mice, guinea pigs and rabbits did show toxic manifestations which could be quantitated.
Experience-Dependent Effects of Cocaine Self-Administration/Conditioning on Prefrontal and Accumbens Dopamine Responses

Experiments were performed to examine the effects of cocaine self-administration and conditioning experience on operant behavior, locomotor activity, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine (DA) responses. Sensory cues were paired with alternating cocaine and nonreinforcement during 12 (limited training) or 40 (long-term training) daily operant sessions. After limited training, NAcc DA responses to cocaine were significantly enhanced in the presence of cocaine-associated cues compared with nonreward cues and significantly depressed after cocaine-paired cues accompanied a nonreinforced lever response. PFC DA levels were generally nonresponsive to cues after the same training duration. However, after long-term training, cocaine-associated cues increased the magnitude of cocaine-stimulated PFC DA levels significantly over levels observed with nonreinforcement cues. Conversely, conditioned cues no longer influenced NAcc DA levels after long-term training. In addition, cocaine-stimulated locomotor activity was enhanced by cocaine-paired cues after long-term, but not after limited, training. Findings demonstrate that cue-induced cocaine expectation exerts a significant impact on dopaminergic and behavioral systems, progressing from mesolimbic to mesocortical regions and from latent to patent behaviors as cocaine and associative experiences escalate.
Isolation of nucleolar proteins by ethanol precipitation of nucleic acids.

Abstract Almost all of the DNA, RNA, and protein of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cell nucleoli can be solubilized in 6M guanidine hydrochloride. Under proper conditions, the nucleic acids may then be precipitated (more than 99%) with ethanol, while 85% of the protein remains in solution. Electrophoretic analysis of the proteins from the ethanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions shows that no major species of protein appear to be lost during this precipitation.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced anorexia during refeeding following acute fasting: characterization of brain cytokine and neuropeptide systems mRNAs.

We investigated the effectiveness of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) administered into the brain to induce anorexia in acutely fasted Wistar rats allowed to refeed. We also assayed for changes in mRNA levels of IL-1 system components, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, glycoprotein 130 (gp 130), leptin receptor (OB-R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and CRF receptor (CRF-R) in selected brain regions. The data show that LPS and MDP induced anorexia differentially during refeeding. LPS-induced anorexia was of a stronger magnitude and duration than that of MDP. RNase protection assays showed that LPS and MDP significantly increased the expression of IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor type I, and TNF-alpha mRNAs in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus; LPS was more potent in all cases. MDP treatment, on the other hand, induced a stronger increase in hypothalamic levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and TGF-beta1 mRNAs relative to LPS. In addition, competitive RT-PCR analysis showed that LPS induced an eleven-fold increase in IL-1alpha mRNA in the hypothalamus relative to vehicle. These findings suggest that LPS and MDP mediate anorexia through different cytokine mechanisms. A stronger up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1Ra and TGF-beta1) mRNA expression by MDP may be involved in the weaker MDP-induced anorexia relative to LPS. No significant changes were observed in the peptide components examined except for an up-regulation in cerebellar gp 130 mRNA and down-regulation of hypothalamic GR mRNA expression in response to LPS or MDP. This study shows that LPS and MDP induce anorexia in fasted rats allowed to refeed, and suggests an important role for endogenous cytokine-cytokine interactions.
Overview Of The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Programs For Ground-Based Remote Sensing Of Air Pollution

Remote sensing methods offer various advantages over contact measurement methods both for characterizing the gaseous and particulate air pollutants emitted by different types of sources and for verifying that established emission standards are being met by regulated industries. Two such instrumentation systems are in routine use for characterization studies: a mobile pulsed ruby lidar system measures stack plume opacity with an accuracy comperable to an in-stack transmissometer; and a mobile high resolution (0.1 cm-1) infrared spectrometer system measures multiple gaseous species concentrations in a longpath absorption mode or in a single-ended emission mode with near-laboratory accuracy. A laser-Doppler velocimeter system for measuring the velocity of stack plumes and winds aloft has recently been obtained. Several systems particularly aimed at meeting the measurement needs of enforcement personnel are under evaluation. Tuneable laser systems for use in the longpath absorption mode and in the differential absorption lidar mode are in various stages of development. Research programs are underway to determine the feasibility of remotely measuring particulate size distributions and pollutant (gases and particles) mass emission rates. This paper presents results obtained with the instruments currently in use and summarizes the current state of development of the various other systems.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Excessive serotonin release, not depletion, leads to memory impairments in rats

Eight experiments compared and contrasted the effects of serotonin release and depletion on performance by rats in two tests of memory. Most experiments (Experiments 1-5) examined the effects of the serotonergic releasing/depleting agent p-chloroamphetamine on passive avoidance performance. Additional experiments explored p-chloroamphetamine's effects on retention performance by animals trained in an 8-arm radial maze (Experiment 6), and the effects of dorsal raphe nucleus lesions on passive avoidance in animals treated with (Experiment 8) or not treated with (Experiment 7) p-chloroamphetamine. In general, acute increases in serotonin release produced consistent and extensive retention performance deficits in both passive avoidance and radial arm maze. Results from an ancillary control experiment indicated that the p-chloroamphetamine-induced passive avoidance impairment was not related to drug-induced alterations in pain sensitivity. Other experiments ruled out the possibility that p-chloroamphetamine was disrupting passive avoidance retention performance by affecting post-trial consolidation processes, producing state-dependent retention, having direct effects at postsynaptic receptors, or indirectly by affecting non-serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. Depletion of serotonin resulting from either the long-term residual effects of p-chloroamphetamine or lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus failed to alter passive avoidance retention scores although it produced extensive depletion (45-85%) of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the cortex and hippocampus. These data contribute to the growing body of literature indicating an important role of serotonin in cognitive processes by demonstrating that excessive release, but not depletion, of serotonin produces profound retention performance impairment.
Acute Toxicity of Ammonia and Nitrite to Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, at Low Salinities

This study was conducted to determine the individual and combined effects of ammonia and nitrite on Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (25- to 45-d old PL) at 10 ppt salinity, 28 C, and a pH of 7.8. The independent variables were salinity, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N). The TAN experiments were conducted at 18 and 10 ppt salinity, and the NO2-N test was conducted at 10 ppt salinity. Combined TAN and NO2 tests were also conducted at 10 ppt salinity. The 48-h lethal concentration (LC50) values for TAN at 18 ppt salinity, TAN at 10 ppt salinity, and NO2-N at 10 ppt were observed to be 42.92, 39.72 (2.26 and 2.09 mg/L unionized ammonia-N), and 153.75 mg/L, respectively. When NO2-N was adjusted to the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) level and TAN concentrations were varied, synergistic effects were observed, with a 48-h LC50 calculated to be 28.2 mg/L TAN (1.49 mg/L unionized ammonia-N). However, when the ammonia level was adjusted to the LOEC and nitrite was varied, antagonistic effects were observed with a 48-h LC50 calculated to be 163.3 mg/L NO2-N. This study demonstrated that the combined toxic effects of ammonia and nitrite need to be considered when developing standard operating procedures for shrimp culture.
Emerging Technologies for Learning Science: A Time of Rapid Advances

In February, 2007, we co-edited a special issue (Vol. 16, No. 1) that focused on technologies for learning science that are inquiry-based, leverage multiple media, and inte grate game-design principles and scenarios to establish rich inquiry-based contexts for engaging scientific issues. Since that time, we have prepared a second special issue on emerging technologies, this time with a somewhat broader focus on new technology-based methods of learning sci ence. As a field, we are in an era of very rapid advances in interactive media, and the seven articles in this issue span pedagogies based on Web 2.0 tools, immersive interfaces, and games. The term Web 2.0 reflects a shift in leading-edge applications on the World Wide Web from the presentation of material by website providers to the active co-con struction of resources by communities of contributors (Dede 2008a). Whereas the twentieth-century web centered on developer-created material (e.g., informational web sites) generated primarily by a small fraction of the Inter net's users, Web 2.0 tools (e.g., Wikipedia) help large numbers of people build online communities for creativity, collaboration, and sharing. As part of a graduate course this past fall on emerging educational technologies, Dede's students studied ten forms of Web 2.0 tools in terms of their potential to enhance learning by promoting creativity, collaboration, and sharing. Retrospectively, he categorized these media
Comparison of single-pool and equilibrated Kt/V values for pediatric hemodialysis prescription management: analysis from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Clinical Performance Measures Project.

Current formulas that estimate the delivered dose of hemodialysis rely upon pre- and post-treatment blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations for calculation. Single-pool kinetic modeling (spKt/V) uses a convenient 30-s post-dialysis BUN sample but does not take urea rebound into account. Double-pool modeling (eKt/V) uses an equilibrated BUN (eqBUN) and is the best reflection of the true urea mass removed by hemodialysis but is inconvenient for patients and costly to the dialysis unit to wait to obtain an eqBUN sample. We compared simple spKt/V and eKt/V estimation formulas using data obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Clinical Performance Measures (CPM) Project to determine how frequently these two results would lead to different prescription management. We set an expected difference Kt/V (spKt/V−eKt/V) of 0.20 based on results of the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study; 1,513 paired spKt/V and estimated eKt/V results were available for comparison. For patients with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) (n=720), mean spKt/V and estimated eKt/V were 1.62±0.30 and 1.37±0.26, respectively. For patients with a catheter (n=793), mean spKt/V and estimated eKt/V were 1.53±0.32 and 1.33±0.29, respectively. Examination of the different spKt/V and estimated eKt/V pairings revealed a greater adequacy discordance rate between a 0.20 difference in spKt/V and estimated eKt/V at higher Kt/V values, but Kt/V discordance rates only varied from 0.3 to 5.5% depending on the paired Kt/V values used.
Neural Correlates of Familiarity-Based Associative Retrieval

The current study compared the neural correlates of associative retrieval of compound (unitized) stimuli and unrelated (non-unitized) stimuli. Although associative recognition was nearly identical for compounds and unrelated pairs, accurate recognition of these different pair types was associated with activation in distinct regions within the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Recognition of previously presented compound words was associated with left perirhinal activity, whereas recognition of unrelated word pairs was associated with activity in left hippocampus. These results provide evidence that perirhinal cortex mediates familiarity-based associative memory of stimuli unitized at encoding, while the hippocampus is required for recollection-based associative memory.
Development of Courses on Power System Energy Control Centers

This paper presents two graduate courses in the area of real-time control and operation of power systems. The objective of the courses is to study real-time control functions as performed by modern energy control centers. The main topics addressed are: 1) data acquisition and estimation, 2) energy management/automatic generation control, and 3) security monitoring and control. A unique feature of the courses is the use of a number of interactive computer programs. These programs assist students in studying in depth and understanding the concepts underlying the real-time operation of power systems. The paper describes course contents and the utilization of computer programs to enhance student comprehension of the concepts involved. Typical homework assignments are described to illustrate the utilization of the computer programs. The courses are presently offered at Georgia Tech, with excellent student response.
Supplementary report: The recognition of tachistoscopically presented five-letter words as a function of digram frequency.

In an attempt to replicate an earlier study which found that tachistoscopically presented high digram-frequency words had a higher recognition threshold than low digram-frequency words, an experiment was performed which used the stimuli employed in the earlier study. The opposite relationship was obtained for low-frequency words ( p p p
Self-disclosure and marital satisfaction.

Examined the effect of self-disclosure on marital satisfaction in couples and also introduced attitude similarity as a possible predictor of marital satisfaction. 51 couples (mean age 30.6 yrs) completed 5 test instruments, including a self-disclosure scale, 2 marriage satisfaction scales, an attitu
The significance of bronchial artery flow in the hilar-stripped lung

Abstract This study was designed to determine if division of the bronchial arteries was a significant cause of impaired pulmonary function in the hilar-stripped lung. Ten calves were subjected to hilar stripping of the left lung and division of the bronchus. In five of these animals, the bronchial arteries were divided, and in five the bronchial arteries were mobilized but left intact. Pulmonary blood flow studies were performed 3 days later. There was no significant difference in pulmonary blood flow to the left lung when the two groups of calves were compared. In addition, four of five calves with divided bronchial arteries survived excision of 75% of the opposite lung while three of five animals with intact bronchial arteries survived such a procedure. On the basis of this experimental evidence, we have concluded that division of the bronchial arteries is not a cause of significant impairment of pulmonary function in the hilar-stripped lung.
Linear adenovirus DNA is organized into supercoiled domains in virus particles

Abstract Electron microscopic analysis of bis-psoralen crosslinked adenovirus type 5 virion DNA revealed supercoiled domains in an otherwise linear DNA. The existence of supercoiled arrangement in all the virion DNA was demonstrated by the sensitivity of Ad5 DNA in pentonless virus particles to the supercoiling-dependent endonucleolytic activity of Bal31 and S1 nucleases. These nucleases were found to cleave Ad5 virion DNA at specific sites. The observation of stable cleavage sites in the limit digestion of virion DNA by Bal31 suggests that cleavage sites represent boundaries of core proteins which impede the exonuclease activity of Bal31. These data suggest that specific arrangement of core proteins on Ad5 virion DNA. Based on this analysis we determined positions of core proteins in viral genome using indirect end labeling technique. The size of supercoiled domains of virion DNA was estimated by electron microscopy and also by boundaries of mutually exclusive Bal31 cleavage sites at limit digestion condition. Our data suggest each supercoiled domain is equal to about 12% of Ad5 genome length and about 8 loops can be accommodated in Ad5 virion. However sequences at two extreme ends of the viral genome were found to be outside of supercoiled domains. An interesting correlation between supercoiled domains and gene domains of Ad5 genome was noticed.
Transposon mutagenesis of Bacillus anthracis strain Sterne using Bursa aurealis.

Abstract Bacillus anthracis, a spore forming Gram-positive microbe, is the causative agent of anthrax. Although plasmid encoded factors such as lethal toxin (LeTx), edema toxin (EdTx), and γ-poly- d -glutamic acid (PGA) capsule are known to be required for disease pathogenesis, B. anthracis genes that enable spore invasion, phagosomal escape and macrophage replication are still unknown. To establish transposon mutagenesis as a tool for the characterization of anthrax genes, we employed the mariner-based mini-transposon Bursa aurealis in B. anthracis strain Sterne 7702. B. aurealis carrying an erythromycin resistance cassette and its cognate transposase were delivered by transformation of two plasmids. B. aurealis transposition can be selected for by temperature shift to prevent plasmid replication and by screening colonies for erythromycin resistance. Using inverse polymerase chain reaction, DNA fragments of 129 random erythromycin-resistant transposon mutants were amplified and submitted to DNA sequence analysis. These studies demonstrate that B. aurealis inserts randomly into the genome of B. anthracis and can therefore be employed for finding genes involved in virulence.
Lack of relationship of red cell enzyme activity to bilirubin and carboxyhemoglobin levels in healthy term infants.

: Komazawa, M., Landaw, S. A. and Oski, F. A. (Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, USA). Lack of relationship of red cell enzyme activity to bilirubin and carboxyhemoglobin levels in health term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:473, 1975.–A total of 32 term infants were studied in an attempt to confirm and extend the recent observation of Petrich & associates (14) that minor degrees of transient deficiencies of the red cell enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were related to hyperbilirubinemia in otherwise healthy term infants. No relationships could be observed between the activity of these enzymes and the bilirubin level on day three. In addition, no correlation was present between bilirubin values and carboxyhemoglobin levels on day three, suggesting that in the healthy term infant excessive hemolysis is not usually responsible for the variations observed in bilirubin levels.
Probing Random Media with Singular Beams

Optical fields containing phase singularities provide additional capabilities in studying random media. Coherent backscattering of such fields will be thoroughly discussed for the case of both double-pass geometries and volume scattering random media.
982-117 Race Affects Time to Presentation, but not Diagnostic Evaluation of Women with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

To determine whether racial differences exist in the time to presentation and diagnostic evaluation of women with suspected coronary artery disease. we studied 201 women older than 40 years who were admitted to the University of South Alabama Medical Center with chest pain suggestive of angina pectoris. The medical records of each subject were reviewed for clinical data, socioeconomic background and diagnostic cardiac procedures. Sixty percent of those studied were no pay or Medicaid patients. There was equal representation from urban and rural environments. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation was significantly longer in African American women (1169 hr) than in Euro-American women (759 hr, p l 0.01). Following admission, the percentage of women undergoing cardiac diagnostic evaluation of chest pain was not significantly different between the two groups: Ethnic Group N Echo- Stress Cardiac cardiogram Test Catheterization African American 135 98/135 (73%) 39/135 (29%) 76/135 (56%) Euro-American 66 50/66 (76%) 19/66 (29%) 38/ 66(58%) P N.S. N.S. N.S. The results suggest that African American women seek medical attention for chest pain significantly later than Euro-American women. Once hospitalized, diagnostic evaluation between the two groups is similar.