cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water–polymer interfacial area in Nafion: Comparison with structural models

Abstract The water–polymer interfacial area per volume, S/V, which is reflected in the Porod region of small-angle scattering data, is an important parameter of different models of the Nafion fuel cell membrane. Therefore, we have compared published experimental S/V data of Nafion over a wide range of hydration levels with various structural models featuring stiff polymer backbones, in particular the parallel water-channel and the polymer ribbon models. The S/V curve at intermediate hydration levels typical of fuel-cell conditions (ca. 20 vol% water) matches that of the parallel water-channel model with molecular corrugation. At higher hydration levels, i.e. for membranes soaked in water or autoclaved at elevated pressures, the polymer-ribbon model matches the decreasing S/V ratio with increasing water content, while the polymer-bundle model predicts a higher surface area. However, the ribbon or bundle models cannot apply at low hydration (
Association of Parental Vaccination Reports With Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Protective Antibody Levels: Comparison of Somali Immigrant, Hispanic Migrant, and US Children in Rochester, Minn

Objectives To compare measles, mumps, and rubella antibody levels in Somali immigrant, Hispanic migrant, and US children in Rochester, Minn, and to determine whether parental vaccination reports predict seropositivity. Subjects and Methods From 1995 to 1997, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis using measles, mumps, and rubella antibody levels obtained from a sample of Somali, Hispanic, and Rochester children. Volunteers provided blood samples, vaccination histories, and demographic information. We assessed differences in measles, mumps, and rubella antibody levels among the 3 groups of children and calculated positive and negative predictive values to determine whether parental report of vaccination predicted seropositivity. Results Study participants included 79 Hispanic migrant, 69 Somali immigrant, and 730 Rochester children. Somali children reported vaccination at significantly older ages compared with Hispanic or Rochester children ( P Conclusion Somali and Hispanic children were as likely as Rochester children to be seropositive for measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies despite poor documentation of vaccination. Somali children, however, tended to receive vaccinations at significantly older ages than Hispanic and Rochester children.
Common School Finance in Colorado and Certain Inferences of National Import

Throughout the United States, as throughout the world at large, no demand is more insistent, more loudly voiced, more significant today than the demand that education be universal ized. It may be startling, but it is nevertheless true, that at the present moment education in the United States is neither univer sal, democratic, nor free.1 In the year 1914-1915 a child living in Massachusetts would probably have attended school 157 days during the year, would have been taught by a teacher receiving an annual salary of over $800, and would have had $53 expended upon his education.2 If, on the other hand, he were living in Alabama, and if he were fortunate enough to belong to the 63 percent of the children en rolled in school, he probably would have attended school 79 days, would have been taught by a teacher receiving an annual salary of $345, and during the year would have had $16.06 expended upon his education. In Alabama the average length of the school year in rural communities is 110 days, in urban communities 176 days; 50 percent of the white children attend school, and only 29 percent of the negro children. There is on the average in this state one teacher for every 53 white children, but only one for every 130 negro children.3 In Colorado, the state in which the chief interest of the present article lies, firstand second-class districts pay on
Preliminary neuropsychological findings in individuals at high genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Aims: An understanding of baseline cognitive function in individuals at high genetic risk for schizophrenia could provide important information about the neurodevelopmental course of the illness and assist with early detection. In an effort to identify potential markers for the illness, this study investigates domains of neuropsychological functioning in a sample of young individuals at risk for developing schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty-two individuals with schizophrenia, 16 participants at high risk and 31 controls participated in comprehensive cognitive assessments. Results: Results support reports of a trend for high-risk participants to score intermediate to the other groups on a general cognitive battery, as well as evidencing deficits in specific skills like visual memory. The pattern appears to exist independently of and prior to the onset of prodromal symptoms. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that a common cognitive pattern exists across individuals with genetic risk that may later develop into a clear psychotic illness. Further longitudinal investigation with larger cohorts is crucial to understanding these findings.
The interaction of thioridazine with cardiac cytochrome oxidase; Enzyme activity and drug binding studies

Thioridazine interacts with purified cardiac cytochrome oxidase altering both the activity of the enzyme and the optical spectrum of the drug. Cytochrome oxidase activity, as measured by oxidation of cytochrome c, exhibits a biphasic response to changing drug concentration. Lower concentrations of thioridazine increased cytochrome oxidase activity up to 20% at 65 microM and higher concentrations inhibit activity until almost complete inhibition is observed. Both the activation and the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by thioridazine follow Michaelis-Menton kinetics with Vmax changing but Km remaining constant. The analysis of the 2 nm shift in the UV absorption spectrum of the thioridazine suggest that the binding of thioridazine to cytochrome oxidase involves multiple (535) binding sites on the enzyme with an average dissociation constant of 20 microM.
Use of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and clinical outcomes in older patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease

Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are common in older patients. We aimed to describe the use of antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy and clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods and results We analysed AAD therapy and outcomes in 1738 older patients (age ≥65) with AF and CAD in the Duke Databank for cardiovascular disease. The primary outcomes were mortality and rehospitalization at 1 and 5 years. Overall, 35% of patients received an AAD at baseline, 43% were female and 85% were white. Prior myocardial infarction (MI, 31%) and heart failure (41%) were common. Amiodarone was the most common AAD (21%), followed by pure Class III agents (sotalol 6.3%, dofetilide 2.2%). Persistence of AAD was low (35% at 1 year). After adjustment, baseline AAD use was not associated with 1-year mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–1.60] or cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.90–1.80). However, AAD use was associated with increased all-cause rehospitalization (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.39) and cardiovascular rehospitalization (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.43) at 1 year. This association did not persist at 5 years; however, these patients were at very high risk of death (55% for those >75 and on AAD) and all-cause rehospitalization (87% for those >75 and on AAD) at 5 years. Conclusions In older patients with AF and CAD, antiarrhythmic therapy was associated with increased rehospitalization at 1 year. Overall, these patients are at high risk of longer-term hospitalization and death. Safer, better-tolerated, and more effective therapies for symptom control in this high-risk population are warranted.
Cholinesterase inhibitors might alleviate methamphetamine-induced delusions, hallucinations and cognitive impairment, while reducing craving and addiction.

Letters published in this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Editors or the Editorial Board
On covering designs with block size 5 and index 5

LetV be a finite set of order υ. A (υ, κ, λ) covering design of index λ and block size κ is a collection of κ-element subsets, called blocks, such that every 2-subset ofV occurs in at least λ blocks. The covering problem is to determine the minimum number of blocks, α(υ, κ, λ), in a covering design. It is well known that\(\alpha \left( {\upsilon ,\kappa ,\lambda } \right) \geqslant \left\lceil {\tfrac{v}{\kappa }\left\lceil {\tfrac{{v - 1}}{{\kappa - 1}}\lambda } \right\rceil } \right\rceil = \phi \left( {\upsilon ,\kappa ,\lambda } \right)\), where [x] is the smallest integer satisfyingx≤[X]. It is shown here that α(υ, 5, 5)=ϕ(υ, 5, 5) for all positive integers υ≥5 with the possible exception of υ=24, 28, 56, 104, 124, 144, 164, 184.
Basic Income and Migration Policy: A Moral Dilemma?

In this paper, the author argues that globalist egalitarians may face a dilemma between a generous welfare policy such as a national basic income (NBI) for all residents, and an egalitarian immigration policy such as open borders, because NBI may have a welfare magnet effect that generates pressure for tightening of borders or restricting NBI to citizens only. However the case for open borders is weaker to the extent that global transfers (such as might occur with a regional basic income or global basic income) address the economic inequities and motives for migration. In the absence of such global or regional institutions, NBI advocates can justify border restriction and a waiting period for BI entitlement, to the extent necessary to prevent a worsening of the condition of the least advantaged compatriots, as temporary measures on a path toward global justice.
Globalization, Neoliberalism, and Post-Apartheid South Africa:

This essay addresses the impact of globalization and neoliberalism on post-colonial countries such as South Africa. We analyze the historical background and contemporary nature of the current stage of global economic expansion, considered by many critical observers to be the latest stage of capitalist imperialism. This analysis connects many of the challenges faced by post-apartheid South Africa to the international economic and political relations that have shaped the development of the peripheral economies in the contemporary global economic system.
Human cytomegalovirus labyrinthitis

The purpose of this report is to present a review of the clinical and histopathologic findings in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) labyrinthitis. Human cytomegalovirus infection was first recognized in its congenital disseminated form and, subsequently, in a subclinical form. In 1968, the first temporal bone demonstration of endolabyrinthine infection was reported. To date, there have been reports made on only nine temporal bones in infants with HCMV infection. The light microscopic findings, in general, have been similar, with cytomegalovirus inclusion-bearing cells involving the nonneuroepithelial cells in both the cochlear and vestibular endolabyrinth. A few cases have been studied with fluorescent antibody methods, but have resulted in conflicting reports regarding the presence of virus in cells of the organ of Corti and spiral ganglia. Subclinical congenital HCMV infection, including labyrinthine infection, has also been studied. Only two groups have performed major prospective studies along with systematic and careful periodic audiologic evaluation in cytomegalovirus congenitally infected children. Their findings demonstrated significant hearing loss in 33% to 48% of symptomatic patients and in 6.9% to 13% of asymptomatic children. There also was evidence of progressive hearing loss in some of these children. Vestibular dysfunction is less well characterized. The long-term sequelae may include Meniere's syndrome. Acquired HCMV infection in children and adults has not been demonstrated histopathologically, although it has been associated with sudden deafness and acute labyrinthitis. This observation is based primarily on serologic data.
Tribosphenic mammal from the North American Early Cretaceous

The main groups of living mammals, marsupials and eutherians, are presumed to have diverged in the Early Cretaceous1, but their early history and biogeography are poorly understood. Dental remains have suggested that the eutherians may have originated in Asia2, spreading to North America in the Late Cretaceous, where an endemic radiation of marsupials was already well underway3. Here I describe a new tribosphenic mammal (a mammal with lower molar heels that are three-cusped and basined) from the Early Cretaceous of North America, based on an unusually complete specimen. The new taxon bears characteristics (molarized last premolar, reduction to three molars) otherwise known only for Eutheria among the tribosphenic mammals. Morphometric analysis and character comparisons show, however, that its molar structure is primitive (and thus phylogenetically uninformative), emphasizing the need for caution in interpretation of isolated teeth. The new mammal is approximately contemporaneous with the oldest known Eutheria from Asia. If it is a eutherian, as is indicated by the available evidence, then this group was far more widely distributed in the Early Cretaceous than previously appreciated. An early presence of Eutheria in North America offers a potential source for the continent's Late Cretaceous radiations, which have, in part, proven difficult to relate to contemporary taxa in Asia.
Control of Transition in Supersonic Boundary Layers: Experiments and Computations (Keynote)

The present work addresses a technique that can lead to drag reduction on supersonic wings by means of passive laminar flow control. Recent developments in the stability and transition in swept-wing flows in low-disturbance environments have offered the promise of controlling transition without suction. It has been demonstrated in low-speed experiments that distributed roughness near the attachment line can control the crossflow instability provided the roughness spacing is below a critical value. This is extended to supersonic flow over highly swept wings where the combined computational and experimental work gives design criteria for airfoils swept beyond the characteristic Mach angle.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
SU-E-T-347: A Cost-Effective Technique for Treating Penis Cancer with Delivery Accuracy Verified with In-Vivo Measurement

Purpose: To report an in‐house cost‐effective, easily made and set up, yet accurate technique for treating penis cancer at a community freestanding cancer. Methods: Recently, a patient with penis cancer was under radiotherapy at our institution. The treated site was his penis only. The patient was simulated in supine position with his penis inserted in a custom supporting tool. This supporting tool is made of a regular candle that can be bought at any retail store. It measures about 10 cm in diameter and has a HU about −100. A hole slightly larger than the patient's penis was drilled in the middle with enough buildup wall left for a 6 MV beam used for the treatment plan. For the remaining space not occupied by the patient's penis, regular flour was filled in tightly, which has a HU about −200. The plan was done with an opposing lateral conformal field setup to get a uniform dose distribution across the treatment site. It makes essential no difference whether the heterogeneity is turned on or not in the dose calculation with Varian's Eclipse TPS. Four MOSFETdosimeters were placed on the surface of the penis for in‐vivo measurement for two consecutive fractions. The prescription was 180 cGy/fx. The mean dose for the skin (3 mm deep region from the surface contoured in Eclipse) was 182.9 cGy with a minimum of 179.3 cGy and a maximum of 185.8 cGy. Results: The in‐vivo measurement was 183.2 cGy +/− 1.4 cGy, including a port film with 2 MU. The measurement was in good agreement with the calculation. Conclusions: In‐vivo measurement proved the in‐house developed supporting tool to be cost‐effective, easily made, and easy to set up on a daily basis for accurately treating penis cancer.
“Stress” and sickle red cell adhesion

Comment on Zennadi et al, page [3774][1] Epinephrine activates erythroid ICAM-4 and enhances sickle cell adhesion to endothelium via ICAM-4–αVβ3 interactions, supporting the hypothesis that physiologic stress may promote vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease. In addition to sickling behavior
Siva-1 negatively regulates NF-κB activity: Effect on T-cell receptor-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD)

Siva-1 negatively regulates NF- κ B activity: effect on T-cell receptor-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD)
Massively parallel computation of large-scale spatial price equilibrium models with discriminatory ad valorem tariffs

In this paper, we develop a perfectly competitive spatial equilibrium model in price and quantity variables in the presence of discriminatory ad valorem tariffs, a widely used trade policy instrument. We derive the equilibrium conditions and formulate them as a variational inequality problem. An algorithm is then proposed for the computation of the equilibrium pattern and convergence results established. The algorithm resolves the problem into very simple subproblems, each of which can be solved simultaneously and in closed form. Finally, the algorithm is implemented on the massively parallel Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5 architectures, known as the Connection Machines, and numerical results presented.
Expanding the Nucleotide Repertoire of the Ribosome with Post-Transcriptional Modifications

In all kingdoms of life, RNAs undergo specific post-transcriptional modifications. More than 100 different analogues of the four standard RNA nucleosides have been identified. Modifications in ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are highly prevalent and cluster in regions of the ribosome that have functional importance, have a high level of nucleotide conservation, and typically lack proteins. Modifications also play roles in determining antibiotic resistance or sensitivity. A wide spectrum of chemical diversity from the modifications provides the ribosome with a broader range of possible interactions between rRNA regions, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, proteins, or ligands by influencing local rRNA folds and fine-tuning the translation process. The collective importance of the modified nucleosides in ribosome function has been demonstrated for a number of organisms, and further studies may reveal how the individual players regulate these functions through synergistic or cooperative effects.
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered People and Chemical Dependency: Exploring Successful Treatment

This exploratory and quantitative study presents a model of treatment success of the nation's oldest and largest chemical dependency treatment provider for the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) population. The main purpose is to examine the potential ability of the predictor variables’ degree of affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the severity of chemical use, the strength of a higher power relationship, attitudes about sexual orientation, and length of time in treatment to predict length of time clean and sober. The proposed model demonstrated the ability to explain 29% of the variance in time clean and sober. Results lend tentative support for culturally competent treatment and include specific intervention recommendations for professionals, including social workers, chemical dependency counselors, and therapists.
Equation of state, occupation probabilities and conductivities in the average atom Purgatorio code

Abstract We report on recent developments with the Purgatorio code, a new implementation of Liberman's Inferno model. This fully relativistic average atom code uses phase shift tracking and an efficient refinement scheme to provide an accurate description of continuum states. The resulting equations of state accurately represent the atomic shell-related features which are absent in Thomas–Fermi-based approaches. We discuss various representations of the exchange potential and some of the ambiguities in the choice of the effective charge Z ∗ in average atom models, both of which affect predictions of electrical conductivities and radiative properties.
Electrophysiological determination of the axonal projections of single dorsal respiratory group neurons to the cervical spinal cord of cat.

Abstract Antidromic microstimulation and orthodromic extracellular spike-triggered averaging were used to determine the axonal positions, divergence and terminationsof 16 axons arising from bulbospinal, inspiratory (I) neurons. Activity from these neurons was recorded in the dorsal respiratory groups (DRG) of 12 cats. Systematic tracking was done both transversely and longitudinally in the contralateral fifth and sixth cervical segments of the spinal cord. Axonal position was determined by antidromically activating axons and by recording axonal field potentials. Thirteen axons were located in the lateral funiculus, two in the ventrolateral funiculus and one in the ventral funiculus. Axonal conduction velocity (CV) was calculated from conduction distance and conduction time, the latter defined as the interval of time from the recorded action potential in the medulla to the recorded averaged axonal potential in the spinal cord. Average (±S.D.) axonal CV was52 ± 15m/s. Terminal potentials were recorded for 13 of these axons and were coincident with the location of evoked field potentials resulting from antidromic stimulation of phrenic motoneurons. In addition, terminal potentials from single I cells were recorded at multiple sites along the longitudinal axis of the phrenic motor column. These data indicate that axons of spontaneously active, DRG bulbospinal I cells descend predominantly in the lateral columns and diverge and terminate extensively within the phrenic motor column.
A multi-objective design tree approach for the optimization of mechanisms

Abstract A design tree structure is proposed for the optimization of mechanisms which considers both geometric and topological change. The optimization is performed by a nonlinear goal programming algorithm which allows for the consideration of multiple, conflicting design criteria. The combination of the tree structure and nonlinear goal programming provides a unique design environment which can handle issues such as uncertainty in design parameter values, fuzziness in the design criteria or constraints and discrete or integer design variables. The method enable design for latitude to be investigated at the conceptual design phase. The objective is to move away from the rigid structure imposed by conventional nonlinear programming and to allow “real” design issues to be addressed. The technique is applied to the design of a function generating mechanism with uncertainty in both exact coupler point location and link lengths. A four bar mechanism, an inverted slider crank mechanism and a general six-bar mechanism are considered as design alternatives.
Thermal-induced denaturation of two model proteins: effect of poloxamer 407 on solution stability

Abstract In an attempt to enhance the physical stability of two model proteins in solution toward thermal-induced denaturation, we investigated the effect of the nonionic surfactant poloxamer 407 (Pluronic ® F-127) with a nonrecombinant (urease) and recombinant-derived (interleukin 2) protein. Our aim was to determine the time-dependent loss in biological activity when urease and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were dissolved in pH 7 phosphate buffer (PB) with or without poloxamer 407 (P-407) and stored at elevated temperatures for 96 h. In addition, urease was selected to determine whether denaturation due to the thermal stress was reversible. Resulting percent activity remaining vs time data for each protein were fitted to a mono- (75°C) or biexponential (37 and 50°C) equation and the area-under-the-curve (AUC ¦ 0 → 96 ) calculated. A significantly ( p
Elchanan Cohn, Stephen D. Millman.Input-Output Analysis in Public Education. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1975. xv + 137 pp. Figures, tables, appendixes, glossary, bibliography, index. $14.50.

(1976). Elchanan Cohn, Stephen D. Millman.Input-Output Analysis in Public Education. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1975. xv + 137 pp. Figures, tables, appendixes, glossary, bibliography, index. $14.50. The Review of Education: Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 517-524.
Confinement and chiral condensates in 2d QED with massive N-flavor fermions

Abstract We evaluate Polyakov loops and string tension in two-dimensional QED with both massless and massive N-flavor fermions at zero and finite temperature. External charges, or external electric fields, induce phases in fermion masses and shift the value of the vacuum angle parameter θ, which in turn alters the chiral condensate. In particular, in the presence of two sources of opposite charges, q and −q, the shift in θ is 2π( q e ) independent of N. The string tension has a cusp singularity at θ = ±π for N ≥ 2 and is proportional to m 2N (N+1) at T = 0.
Non-Maxwellian ion velocity distribution and the thermalization rate in a plasma☆

Abstract A seemingly small deviation of the ion velocity distribution from a Maxwellian form may yield an unexpectedly different result in the conventional calculation of thermalization rate in a two-temperature plasma.
Prevalence and determinants of isolated systolic hypertension among young adults: the 1999-2004 US National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey.

Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg,1 is often characterized as a phenomenon of aging because SBP, unlike DBP, increases with age in response to increasing arterial stiffness and losses in arterial compliance particularly after the age of 40.2, 3 In younger subjects there has been an increasing interest in the occurrence of ISH, which is thought to have a different mechanism than ISH of the elderly.4 Risk factors for ISH may differ between young adults and the elderly, but findings from previous studies examining this question are inconclusive. The onset of hypertension during early adulthood warrants particular concern as even slight elevations in SBP during early adulthood increase one’s risk for further cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity in later life.1, 5 Furthermore, studies of hypertension among young adults have found associations with structural changes in the heart including increases in left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular mass and higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy.6 Prior prevalence estimates of ISH in adults 40 years old or younger vary dramatically, ranging from less than 2%,7, 8 to over 16%9 in cohorts limited to males. Estimates for the prevalence of ISH among younger women, although limited, suggest that ISH may be less common among females in this age group.7, 10, 11 Moreover, the use of different definitions for ISH (160/95mmHg, 160/90mmHg, 140/90mmHg) and inconsistent age cutoffs between studies have not only limited available data on overall ISH prevalence, but also make comparison across studies difficult. The existing prevalence estimates of ISH in the U.S. young adult population are based on the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994)2, 10, 12 and do not reflect changes in the prevalence or distribution of correlated risk factors that occurred during the last decade. While ISH prevalence among young adults may actually be more common in more recent NHANES surveys, updated prevalence estimates by hypertensive subtype are not available. Risk factors for ISH such as obesity have become more prevalent in the U.S. than in the international settings of similar studies (e.g. United Kingdom,11 Netherlands,9 Korea7) and would be expected to influence the prevalence of ISH in the U.S.; however, earlier U.S.-based studies have not examined the distribution of known CVD hypertension risk factors in young adults with ISH. The availability of data from the NHANES 1999-2004 affords the opportunity to examine ISH among adults ages 18 to 39 before and after accounting for traditional and non-traditional characteristics previously shown to be associated with hypertension among older adults, such as sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
Hardening of polycrystals in passing from the microscopic to nanostructured state

It is shown that, in the case where the grains in polycrystalline materials are refined to nanocrystalline sizes, there are two critical sizes the attainment of which leads to changes in the mechanism of hardening. A generalized equation for the description of the dependence of the yield strength on the grain size is deduced for a broad range of parameters with regard for the changes in the character of this dependence observed as the indicated critical grain sizes are attained.
Solitary Keratoacanthoma of the Conjunctiva

Two ranch workers had rapidly-growing crateriform conjunctival nodules excised without recurrence. Histopathologically, these lesions consisted of acanthotic epithelium characterized by prominent keratin formation both within cells and in horn pearls. Although both clinically and histologically they resemble squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthomas are benign tumors commonly thought to arise in hair follicles. The presence of these lesions on conjunctiva and other epithelia without hair in the two cases described was evidence against this hypothesis.
Release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the rat uterus is an early estrogenic response.

The early estrogenic responses are considered to be involved in inducing embryo implantation in a progesterone (P4)-primed uterus. Because of their involvement in the process of implantation and decidualization, prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) could be the mediators of early estrogenic responses in a P4-primed uterus. Therefore, temporal effects of estrogen on the production and/or release of PGF2, PGF2 alpha, LTB4 and LTC4 by the P4-primed uterus of hypophysectomized rats were examined. Hypophysectomized mature female rats were injected for 4 days with P4 (2 mg/rat, s.c.) or with P4 plus a single injection of estradiol-17 beta (E2) (100 ng or 200 ng/rat, i.v.) on the last day of P4 treatment. In one set of experiments, animals were killed at 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 30th after the last steroid treatment. The production of PGs and Lts by uterine homogenates was measured by radioimmunoassays (RIAs). The production of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in P4-treated animals showed peaks at 2, 6 and 12h. The superimposition of E2 on P4 treatment induced a higher production rate of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha at 0.5h and abolished the peaks induced by P4 at 2h, but not the peaks at 6 or 12h. Irrespective of the kind of steroid hormonal treatments, uterine production of LTs showed a rapid decline between 6 and 8h followed by a sharp rise at 12h. The superimposition of E2 on P4-treatment again increased the production rates of LTB4 and LTC4 at early hours, i.e. at 0.5 and 2h, respectively, as compared to P4 treatment only.
Invited Commentary: Frontiers in Neurolaryngology

Neurolaryngology is perhaps the most complex and poorly understood area of laryngology. Laryngologists largely treat neurological disorders of the larynx at the end organ level through static and symptom based manipulations. Interest in laryngology as a subspecialty of otolaryngology is rising with growth in formal clinical training programs, collaboration with neurology, neurosciences, and speech language pathology. This growth is creating a critical mass of individuals committed to narrowing the knowledge gap in neurolaryngology that presently limits optimum intervention for neurolaryngological disorders. An immediate and tangible frontier is the expansion and role of laryngeal electromyography in the field. Understanding laryngeal motor and sensory function peripherally and centrally over time will allow for dynamic and motion specific reanimation of vocal fold paralysis. The role of neural dysfunction in age-related voice change will help clarify the spectrum of disease in older patients and lead to functional therapies. Hyperfunctional disorders of the larynx, such as spasmodic dysphonia, vocal tremor, primary muscle tension dysphonia and paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction will be more precisely diagnosed with targeted intervention at the source. Understanding, diagnosing, and treating sensory dysfunction of the larynx remains a final frontier with implications not only for disorders such as laryngeal sensory neuropathic cough, but also disorders that have been traditionally thought of as primary motor problems, such as spasmodic dysphonia. Finally, improved understanding of the afferent neural supply to the larynx will aid in the site-specific treatment of neurogenic cough and irritable larynx syndrome.
THE MEANING OF ΠPOEΓPAΦH IN THE CONTEXT OF GALATIANS 3.1

When Paul uses the verb πρoeγραϕη in Gal 3.1 he is not referring to an earlier writing of his, nor is he appealing to prophecies written in scripture. It may be possible to see here an allusive employment of mystery vocabulary. The dominant view is that πρoγραϕη implies a purely verbal depiction of Christ, the visual language being understood metaphorically. This article argues that the visual aspect of πρoγραϕη signifies Paul's display of the crucified Christ who was living in him according to the immediately preceding verses 2.19–21. Paul displayed the crucified Christ primarily in persecution suffered for his gospel.
Endolithic Microbial Communities in Polar Desert Habitats

Microorganisms inhabiting terrestrial endolithic habitats are widespread in polar environments including the Antarctic Dry Valleys and the Canadian high Arctic. Their ability to survive in these harsh environments is a result of their finding protection from extremes in temperature, aridity, radiation and winds by colonizing nutrient-rich subsurface habitats that provide more amenable conditions for growth, often developing as vertically stratified communities that include fungi, algae, cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. Despite finding some refuge from climatic extremes, endolithic microorganisms commonly produce extracellular polysaccharides to avoid desiccation and minimize the damaging effects of freeze-thaw cycles. These microorganisms are geochemically reactive with their endolithic surroundings, observed as heterogeneous concentrations and distributions of metals resulting from mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions as well as element and nutrient release and cycling. Novel microsco...
Traumatic brain injury reduces soluble extracellular amyloid-β in mice: a methodologically novel combined microdialysis-controlled cortical impact study.

Acute amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition has been observed in young traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, leading to the hypothesis that elevated extracellular Aβ levels could underlie the increased risk of dementia following TBI. However, a recent microdialysis-based study in human brain injury patients found that extracellular Aβ dynamics correlate with changes in neurological status. Because neurological status is generally diminished following injury, this correlation suggested the alternative hypothesis that soluble extracellular Aβ levels may instead be reduced after TBI relative to baseline. We have developed a methodologically novel mouse model that combines experimental controlled cortical impact TBI with intracerebral microdialysis. In this model, we found that Aβ levels in microdialysates were immediately decreased by 25–50% in the ipsilateral hippocampus following TBI. This result was found in PDAPP, Tg2576, and Tg2576-ApoE2 transgenic mice producing human Aβ plus wild-type animals. Changes were not due to altered probe function, edema, changes in APP levels, or Aβ deposition. Similar decreases in Aβ were observed in phosphate buffered saline-soluble tissue extracts. Hippocampal electroencephalographic activity was also decreased up to 40% following TBI, and correlated with reduced microdialysate Aβ levels. These results support the alternative hypothesis that post-injury extracellular soluble Aβ levels are acutely decreased relative to baseline. Reduced neuronal activity may contribute, though the underlying mechanisms have not been definitively determined. Further work will be needed to assess the dynamics of insoluble and oligomeric Aβ after TBI.
Florida State University's Tropical Prediction Model

A description of the Florida State University's Tropical Prediction Model is presented in this paper. The model is designed for studies of weather systems over a limited area. Some of the present ingredients of the model are: (i) quasi-Lagrangian advective scheme; (ii) bulk-aerodynamic formula to specify air-sea interaction; (iii) radiative cooling as a function of evolving temperature, moisture and parameterized cloud cover distributions; (iv) parameterization of deep cumulus convection on the basis of a principle of conservation of moist static energy. Lateral boundary conditions and initialization procedures currently being used are outlined. Case studies showing application are being presented separately. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00637.x
A remark on congruences for coefficients of Faber polynomials

Faber polynomials appear when weight zero Hecke operators act on the modular j-invariant. They are polynomials in j with rational integral coefficents. Using the theory of p-adic modular forms we establish some congruences and divisibilities for these coefficients.
Interplanetary disturbances produced by a simulated solar flare and equatorially-fluctuating heliospheric current sheet

A recently developed nonplanar, time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model (Wuet al., 1983) was used to study the interplanetary disturbances produced by a compound event in the heliosphere. That is, a steady-state interplanetary medium is first disturbed by a simulated equatorially-fluctuating current sheet. After a few days (100 hr), the disturbed interplanetary medium is again perturbed by a solar-flare-generated shock wave. Attention is directed toward the differences that are caused by the presence of the equatorially-fluctuating (warped) current sheet.
Sporangila autolysis in Clostridium perfringens type A

Abstract The autolytic system functioning in the release of mature spores and enterotoxin from sporangia of Clostridium prefringens was partially characterized. After sporangial autolysis in buffer, the supernatant fluid of the suspension contained autolysin active against purified sporangial walls. The autolysin was most active at pH 8 and 37°C, in the presence of Co2+ (0.3 · 10−3 M CoCl2) and trypsin (48 μg/ml). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated sporangial walls further extracted with trichloroacetic acid to remove teichoic acid were a better enzyme substrate than walls treated only with sodium dodecyl sulfate. N- Acetylmuramyl- l -alanine amidase activity which released N-terminal alanine, and endopeptidase activity which hydrolysed the d -alanyl-glycine linkage liberating N-terminal glycine and C-terminal alanine, were both functional at pH 8. It is not known if one or two enzyme are involved. Autolysin appeared in cells as early as 2 h after inoculation into sporulation medium. Two asporogenic Stage 0 mutants grown in sporulation medium also produced autolysin identical in mode of action to that of the sporogenic wild type. Although the active cellular autolysin concentration subsequently decreased as cells sporilated, the walls of 8-h-old sporangia containing refractile heat-resistant spores were more susceptible to digestion by autolysin, than those of 2-, 4-, or 6-h-old cells grown in sporulation medium or of 4- or 14-h vegetative cells from growth medium. The results suggest that a progressive change may occur in the structure of the sporangial wall during spore morphogenesis, thus increasing its susceptibility to autolysis.
Solution processing of a doped conducting polymer

Abstract The solution processing of doped conducting polymers is a fast and simple method by which conducting articles may be formed, although aggregation of the polymer upon doping may inhibit processing. Solutions of poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) doped with FeCl 3 · 6H 2 O and NOPF 6 were found to exhibit varying degress of aggregation dependent upon the polymer concentration and doping level. However, we have found that coherent films with conductivities up to 1 S/cm may be cast directly from the doped solutions. The effect of doping level and other factors on the physical state of the doped solutions is discussed and related to the conductivity achieved in the solution-cast films.
Vibrational circular dichroism of polypeptides. VI. Polytyrosine alpha-helical and random-coil results.

We have measured the VCD of polytyrosine in the amide I and II regions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and in 80:20 mixtures of DMSO with trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and dichloroacetic acid and in 50:50 mixtures of DMSO and trimethyl phosphate (TMP). Additionally, VCD was obtained for deuterated polytyrosine in DMSO and DMSO:D2O, DMSO:TFA(d1), and DMSO:TMP mixtures as before. Amide A VCD was obtained in DMSO and DMSO:TMP mixtures. In the pure solvent, VCD of an opposite sign was seen as compared with that seen in the mixtures. The latter were characteristic in sign pattern and shape of right-handed α-helices for poly(L-tyrosine). The pure polytyrosine:DMSO results are similar to those of polylysine:D2O at neutral pH and poly(β-benzyl-aspartate) in DMSO and may be characteristic of random-coil VCD.
Lack of a Globule Clustering Agent in Goat's Milk

Abstract The poor creaming quality of goats' milk at low temperatures appears to be due to lack of agglutinating euglobulins and not to the small size of the fat globules as has often been stated. The fact that goats' milk does not cream when cooled is largely due to the insufficient quantities of euglobulins capable of being adsorbed on fat globules rather than inability of the fat globules to adsorb such proteins. Milks reconstituted from goats' cream and cows' skimmilk creamed readily whereas those made by combining cows' cream and goats' skimmilk creamed very poorly.
O57 Le récepteur aux œstrogènes ERα nucléaire est nécessaire à la sécrétion d’insuline chez la souris mâle

Introduction L’hormone sexuelle feminine, œstradiol (E2), a un effet benefique sur l’homeostasie glucidique. Ainsi, l’E2 protege les ilots pancreatiques contre de nombreux dommages diabetiques (lipotoxicite, inflammation, stress oxydant et apoptose) et stimule la biosynthese d’insuline, par l’intermediaire de recepteurs aux œstrogenes (ERs). Parmi les differents ERs, ERα est present dans differents compartiments cellulaires: membranaire, cytoplasmique et nucleaire. Aujourd’hui, l’importance relative de chaque pool intracellulaire d’ERα a l’origine des actions benefiques de l’E2 n’est pas encore determinee. Materiels et methodes Nous avons etudie le metabolisme glucidique et la fonction beta-pancreatique de souris mâles et femelles modifiees genetiquement pour exprimer uniquement la forme membranaire de ERα (Membrane Only Estrogen Receptor alpha, MOER) en comparaison de souris controles. Resultats Les souris MOER mâles et femelles sont obeses avec une augmentation de la masse adipeuse et presentent une hyperglycemie a jeun. Elles sont intolerantes au glucose et presentent une l’insulinoresistance moderee, observee respectivement lors de tests de tolerance au glucose et a l’insuline (GTT, ITT). Alors que les souris MOER femelles sont hyper insulinemiques a jeun ou nourries, ainsi que lors du GTT, les souris MOER mâles en revanche sont hypo-insulinemiques en reponse au glucose lors du GTT. Les souris MOER mâles montrent une absence de la premiere phase d’insulino-secretion en reponse au glucose. En culture, les ilots pancreatiques de MOER femelles presentent une secretion d’insuline en reponse au glucose comparable a celle des ilots controles. En revanche, la secretion d’insuline des ilots MOER mâles est totalement abolie. Conclusion L’absence d’ERα nucleaire est a l’origine de desordres metaboliques chez les mâles et les femelles. De maniere interessante, il existe un dimorphisme sexuel dans lequel seuls les mâles presentent un deficit insulino-secretoire en reponse au glucose, suggerant que l’ERα nucleaire est important a la fonction beta-cellulaire mâle. Declaration d’interet Les auteurs declarent avoir un interet avec un organisme prive, industriel ou commercial en relation avec le sujet presente. Franck Mauvais-Jarvis recoit des financements de Pfizer.
Laser Line-Scanning Sensors

A brief review of the history of the development of laser line-scanning sensors at Perkin-Elmer is given, culminating in the KA-98( ). This development, traced over the past 11 years by means of descriptions of a number of sensors, is characterized by a trend towards improved performance at lower cost, size, and weight. Earlier systems recorded directly onto photographic film, whereas later units employed magnetic video tape and the possibility of real-time data link transmission of the video signals. The most recent model, the KA-98( ), has just completed flight tests. This unit, intended for high-performance aircraft, incorporates a cw GaAs laser and a large field of view. Although originally developed for reconnaissance, these sensors are finding other remote sensing applications such as oil-slick detection.
A Simple Model for Stratified Shelf Flow Fields with Bottom Friction

Abstract The effect of bottom friction on the subinertial frequency motion of stratified shelf flow fields is studied in a two-layer f-plane model with idealized shelf and slope bottom topography. Coastal-trapped fire waves and motion forced by the alongshore component of the wind stress at the coast are considered. Vertical turbulent-diffusion effects are assumed to be present in thin surface and bottom-boundary layers, but not at the density interface. Simplifications are achieved by assuming that typical alongshore scales are larger than the offshore scales given by the internal Rossby radius of deformation δ–R and the shelf-slope width, that the upper-layer depth is small compared with the lower-layer depth, and that the topography of the continental margin may be represented by a linear bottom slope of small magnitude. Some results are not dependent on the presence of variable bottom topography; these are obtained first with a flat-bottom ocean adjacent to a vertical coast. A characteristic feature o...