cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Cardiometabolic Derangements.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are commonly used among both competitive athletes and recreational athletes in order to gain a performance edge. Unfortunately, AAS generally carries a broad range of short term and long term adverse effects. These include endocrinological abnormalities, cardiovascular risks, psychological issues, and largely adverse effects on every organ system in the human body. While testosterone, and at times oxandrolone, are used for clinical purposes, AAS generally encompasses a very broad range of synthetic compounds that are used at high doses. In this case report, we look at a patient who has used the vast majority of common anabolic steroids over the past three decades and how these compounds may affect long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health. The purpose is to provide a primary care approach to this patient population.
Quantum Fisher information matrix of a single qutrit in lambda configuration

Quantum sensing is an important application of Quantum Information techniques. In this work, we present a mathematical model for a single Qutrit in Λ (Lambda) configuration and its quantum Fisher information.
Interaction of the C2 Ig-like Domain of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C with F-actin.

Abstract Cardiac muscle contraction depends on interactions between thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments (TFs). TFs are regulated by intracellular Ca2+ levels. Under activating conditions Ca2+ binds to the troponin complex and displaces tropomyosin from myosin binding sites on the TF surface to allow actomyosin interactions. Recent studies have shown that in addition to Ca2+, the first four N-terminal domains (NTDs) of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) (e.g. C0, C1, M and C2), are potent modulators of the TF activity, but the mechanism of their collective action is poorly understood. Previously, we showed that C1 activates the TF at low Ca2+ and C0 stabilizes binding of C1 to the TF, but the ability of C2 to bind and/or affect the TF remains unknown. Here we obtained 7.5 A resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of C2-decorated actin filaments to demonstrate that C2 binds to actin in a single structural mode that does not activate the TF unlike the polymorphic binding of C0 and C1 to actin. Comparison of amino acid sequences of C2 with either C0 or C1 shows low levels of identity between the residues involved in interactions with the TF but high levels of conservation for residues involved in Ig fold stabilization. This provides a structural basis for strikingly different interactions of structurally homologous C0, C1 and C2 with the TF. Our detailed analysis of the interaction of C2 with the actin filament provides crucial information required to model the collective action of cMyBP-C NTDs on the cardiac TF.
Workshop Report on Deep Mars: Accessing the Subsurface of Mars on Near Term Missions

The workshop encompassed three major themes. The first theme was the scientific objectives of drilling, which center on the search for clues to the existence of past life and to the geological and climate history of Mars. Key questions are where and how deep to drill? Planetary protection issues were stressed as an important consideration in the design of any drilling mission. Secondly, architectures for drilling missions were discussed, including an overview of most of the current drills in operation that would be applicable to drilling on Mars. Considerable emphasis was placed on remote operation and drilling automation technologies. Finally, alternatives to conventional drilling were discussed. These included underground moles, penetrometers, horizontal drilling, impactors, and access to the subsurface from subsurface cavities. Considerable discussion centered on the possible Mars drilling missions that could be performed in both the near and longer term. The workshop participants concluded that useful science could be obtained today using low-cost impactors, with or without a sheperding spacecraft.
Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta T-Cell Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (pcGDTCL) is a rare but lethal lymphoma. Patients typically develop ulcerated cutaneous nodules, metastases to other extranodal sites, B (systemic) symptoms, and hemophagocytic syndrome. It is highly treatment-resistant and has a very poor prognosis. This condition is considered a provisional entity in the fourth edition of the WHO/EORTC guidelines [1]. This chapter will discuss the clinical presentation, prognosis, treatment, histopathology, immunophenotype, and differential diagnosis of pcGDTCL. It closes with two clinical cases, including clinical images and histopathology.
An Expert System for Vehicle Restraint System Design

In an attempt to make vehicle restraint systems more effective in protecting occupants, many advanced safety technologies have been introduced. These advanced technologies are mostly adaptive technologies. The ability of a restraint system to adapt itself to crash parameters like crash speed and type, occupant size, and belt-usage status, offers possible enhancements in occupant protection. Designing a restraint system boils down to the determination of the design variables of either the restraint technologies or vehicle interiors. A restraint system of adaptive technologies involves much more design variables than a restraint system containing only load-limited belts and dual stage inflators, possibly posing a challenge to safety engineers. In the language of Artificial Intelligence, an expert system is a type of application program that makes decisions or solves problems in a particular field by using knowledge and analytical rules defined by experts in the field [1]. A MADYMO-based expert system for restraint system design, ESRSD, is developed in this paper. The expertise of restraint system engineers is incorporated into ESRSD so that it can mimic safety experts' reasoning processes. ESRSD takes an input similar to that of a GA-based restraint system's optimization process developed by I. Yeh, et al. [2]. It includes the variation ranges of design variables and design constraints. The output of ESRSD, however, is a complete set of eligible solutions, unlike in GA, where only the optimal solution and the solutions around it are outputted. A complete solution set will enable safety engineers to tell the "net effect" of each safety technology. This paper covers all the details of ESRSD development. Two restraint systems, one for the driver side and one for the passenger side, containing a variety of advanced safety technologies will be used to demonstrate the application of this tool. The results from ESRSD and GA will be compared as well.
Execution-driven simulation of network storage systems

A number of new network storage architectures have emerged recently that provide shared, adaptable and high-performance storage systems for data-intensive applications. Three common storage networking architectures are direct-attached storage (DAS), network-attached storage (NAS), and storage area network (SAN). Efficient implementations of each of these classes of storage architecture can have a significant impact on overall system performance. To be able to tune both the performance of a network storage architecture and its underlying workload, an accurate simulation modeling environment can be very valuable. In this paper we present ParIOSim, a validated execution-driven simulator for network storage systems. This simulator can be used to accurately predict the performance of parallel I/O applications as a function of the underlying storage architecture. ParIOSim also provides a flexible simulation environment to guide system level storage optimizations. To evaluate the accuracy of our simulation environment, we compare the performance of ParIOsim to the performance obtained on an actual parallel system. To demonstrate the utility of ParIOSim, we report on the overall system performance obtained for a parallel I/O benchmark application as run on different storage architectures.
Set covering algorithms using cutting planes, heuristics, and subgradient optimization: A computational study

We report on the implementation and computational testing of several versions of a set covering algorithm, based on the family of cutting planes from conditional bounds discussed in the companion paper [2]. The algorithm uses a set of heuristics to find prime covers, another set of heuristics to find feasible solutions to the dual linear program which are needed to generate cuts, and subgradient optimization to find lower bounds. It also uses implicit enumeration with some new branching rules. Each of the ingredients was implemented and tested in several versions. The variant of the algorithm that emerged as best was run on 55 randomly generated test problems (20 of them from the literature), with up to 200 constraints and 2000 variables. The results show the algorithm to be more reliable and efficient than earlier procedures on large, sparse set covering problems.
Means and Ends in Politics and Law: An Essay in Honor of Cass R. Sunstein

In both constitutional law and public policy, Cass Sunstein's work has entailed a search for the largest common denominator that justifies government action. In constitutional theory, Sunstein developed the concept of "incompletely theorized agreements" as a model for how judges ought to decide cases. In public policy analysis, Sunstein's work has reflected a similar commitment to maximizing consensus and reducing conflict. While Sunstein's conception of minimalist adjudication has been thoroughly explored, less attention has been paid to the underlying political vision that structures his view of the proper role of the state and the desirable forms of public policymaking. In this tribute, I explore and challenge the structure of Sunstein's political vision. Two ways of seeing this vision exist. The first is the way in which Sunstein presents it: as a profound new alternative capable of transforming current politics and transcending political polarization and conflict. Sunstein himself calls his vision "a real Third Way," a post-partisan conception that provides a synthesis of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal liberalism and Ronald Reagan's new conservatism. The second way is almost diametrically the opposite. Perhaps this conception actually reveals how chastened and minimalist political aspirations are limited to being in our era. Based in behavioral law and economics, the centerpieces of Sunstein's political vision are default rules and information disclosure. This is a vision focused on changing the means by which government acts. This focus, however, then raises the question: how much can or should politics focus primarily on the means of government action, rather than what ends government ought to pursue? Or, to the put the question in terms of Sunstein's own stated ambitions, can it really be the case that the major political critique of the New Deal that was effectively launched in the Reagan years was simply a critique about the means of public policy, as opposed to the proper role of the state and the ends for which government ought to act? Should we see Democrats and Republicans, liberals and conservatives, as so divisively polarized today merely because they disagree about what means government ought to use in pursuing policy objectives - objectives that, we are presumably to believe, all sides actually share? If this vision actually is the "real Third Way" in contemporary politics, it is worth asking what that tells us about the possibilities for democracy today.
Impact of simulation time and network shape on the hop count and stability of routes for mobile ad hoc networks

Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been extensively studied in the literature. The most common mobility model used in these studies is the Random waypoint mobility model. Simulations are generally conducted for the first 1000 seconds of node movement under the Random waypoint mobility model. In this paper, we show that the performance of MANET routing strategies, namely minimum hop and stability-based strategies, varies with the range of the simulation time considered. Based on an extensive set of simulation studies conducted in this paper, we observe that routes incurred in the first 1000 seconds of node movement are bound to be unstable and have larger hop count when compared to routes computed in simulations with starting time greater than 1000 seconds of node movement. Similarly, we observe that routes incurred in nearly single-dimensional rectangular topologies are bound to be unstable and have larger hop count when compared with the routes incurred in square network topologies of the same area. We also observe that for a fixed network shape and node mobility, as the network density increases, the stability of routes increases. We run all of our simulations under diverse conditions of node mobility and network density.
Determination of some redox properties of humic acid by alkaline ferricyanide titration

Abstract A method for the direct potentiometric oxidation titration of aqueous phase humic substances with potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) has been developed. Oxidative titrations of humic acid were carried out at varying analyte concentrations, and at values of pH ranging from 5.0 to 11.0. Model synthetic mixtures of phenols and hydroquinones were examined in the same pH range. Ferricyanide titrations of humic acid at pH 9.0 yielded single discrete endpoints, and generally stable potential measurements in the pre-equivalence point region of the titration curve. Cyclic voltammetry of alkaline solutions of humic acid provides evidence for direct interaction between phenolic components in the humic acid and the electrode surface, and that for titrations conducted at pH 9.0 and above, humic acid can contribute to the poising of the potential measurements in the region of the half-titration point.
fcc-to-hcp transformation: A first-principles investigation.

A distortion model for the fcc{r arrow}hcp transformation is introduced. It predicts an orientational relationship between parent and daughter phases which is very different from that implied by the Shoji-Nishyiama model. By means of first-principles total-energy calculations, we investigate this pressure-induced transformation in Al and compare the energy barriers along the reconstructional routes implied by both models. We conclude that, from the energetic point of view, both models are equally favorable.
Histaminergic and non-histamine-immunoreactive mast cells within the cat lateral geniculate complex examined with light and electron microscopy.

Mast cells and their location in the cat lateral geniculate complex of the thalamus were examined by means of histamine immunohistochemistry and the mast cell stain pinacyanol erythrosinate. Brain sections from seven normal adult pigmented cats were processed for light or electron microscopy. Histamine-containing and pinacyanol erythrosinate-stained mast cells were widespread throughout the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei and the surrounding regions. Mast cells were especially numerous rostrally in the complex and in the geniculate C laminae. The cells were found consistently in association with blood vessels, ranging from capillary size to vesselsc. 150 μm diameter, and twice as often with arterioles as with venules. Large clusters of many mast cells associated with single blood vessels were seen. Individual mast cells were typically 8 μm in diameter and somewhat oval, although multipolar and crescent-shaped cells were also seen, up to twice as long. The amount of histamine labeling varied across cells. When histamine-labeled material was secondarily stained with pinacyanol erythrosinate, many mast cells were double labeled. In addition, there was a small population of mast cells that stained only with pinacyanol erythrosinate, but was otherwise identical to the histamine-immunoreactive mast cells. Electron microscopic examination showed that the mast cells lie on the brain side of the blood-brain barrier. Mast cells were found in close proximity to the thalamic neuropil, primarily apposed to the processes of astrocytes, but also apposed to neural elements. The distinctive electron-dense cytoplasmic granules in the fully granulated, mature state were largely amorphous in appearance and as large as 700 nm in diameter. Histamine was dispersed throughout some granules and contained within restricted areas of other granules. In degranulated mast cells, large, irregularly shaped, electron-lucent granules were seen fused with the cell membrane on the neuropil side, as well as the lumen side of the mast cell. More mast cells were observed at the electron microscopic level than were expected from the light level observations, which suggests that, despite the numbers of mast cells labeled, these results may still underestimate the total mast cell population present in this region of the thalamus. Mast cells, by their numbers, their distribution and the potent chemical substances they contain, may significantly influence vascular and neural function, directly and indirectly, in the cat lateral geniculate complex.
The “f-ratio” on 20°W during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment

Abstract We have used data gathered during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment to model new and total production, and the f -ratio on 20°W. The results imply that as much as half the spring bloom total production occurs well in advance of stratification. However, although new production potentially equals export production into the interior of the ocean, observations during NABE, and the model suggest that this export may not be fully realized during the bloom, and may be trapped and recycled in the upper water column during the year.
Noncardiac surgery in the cardiac patient : What is the question ?

Before having major noncardiac surgery, patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease frequently have noninvasive cardiac testing to better define their cardiac risk. The rationale for this approach is that prophylactic coronary revascularization will significantly reduce the number of adverse cardiac events. No randomized studies support this conclusion. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that adverse cardiac events result from postoperative stress and excess catecholamine levels, which cause an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Plaque rupture in this setting, if it occurs, is secondary and not primary, in contrast to its pivotal role in spontaneous myocardial infarction. Therefore, improved clinical outcomes are more likely to result from preventing excess oxygen demand after surgery rather than from deciding which tests optimally predict adverse events. The exception is the patient with a clinical syndrome consistent with existing plaque rupture who requires active therapy for the cardiac disease independent of the need for noncardiac surgery. Otherwise, the tests should be skipped and the patient cleared.
THE ANERGY OF ANNULARITY

We explain the types and historical studies of annular and arciform lesions. In addition, we present a study of annular lesions on a patient with Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (EAC), proven to be caused by a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to trichophyton antigen, using monoclonal antibodies to identify subsets of tissue monocytes outside the EAC lesion, in the inflamed border of the same EAC lesion and inside the circle (anergic area) of the same EAC lesion. Macrophages (M), Langerhans' cells (LC), pan-T cells, and the T cell subsets of helper/inducer T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, activated T cells and Ia (HLA-immune associated) T cells were identified, localized, and compared in the respective areas of the annular lesion. An adequate number of antigen presentor cells were present in the dermis (and epidermis) in all areas. Langerhans cells (LC) were outside the inflamed border. Macrophages were in the border and inside the circle. Also, there were an adequate number of antigen receptor cells in all areas; pan-T cells were abundant outside, in the border and inside the circle. Although there were remarkably fewer helper and suppressor T cells inside the circle, the ratio of helper to suppressor T cells remained the same and unchanged in all the areas. None of the above could explain the anergy of EAC annularity. The Ia T cells were abundant in the epidermis and dermis outside the inflamed border and in the inflamed border. However, they were completely absent inside the circle. There were no Ia T cells inside of the EAC inflamed border even though the total number of T cells were abundant in that area. Apparently, the T cells had temporarily lost (4–6 weeks) their HLA histocompatibility inside of the annular and arciform EAC lesions. Having done so, these T cells could no longer receive antigen from M and Lc, could not become activated and thus, could not produce this DTH (Type IV) reaction. This defect may explain the anergy of DTH annularity.
Causal ascriptions and perceived learning from entrepreneurial failure

We examine how failure ascriptions (how the core causal characteristics of a failure are identified) impact perceptions of learning, defined here as the ability to transfer knowledge from a failed venture to a subsequently started new venture. Our findings are consistent with prior work in that internal unstable failure ascriptions are associated with greater perceived learning, while external stable ascriptions are associated with less perceived learning. Inconsistent with prior work, however, we find that starting a new venture more quickly after failure enhances perceived learning for entrepreneurs who made internal unstable ascriptions. Further, entrepreneurs with external stable ascriptions have even less perceived learning when they abandon their previous domain in their new venture. Implications for research on failure, ascriptions, and perceived learning for future ventures are discussed.
Infrared spectroscopy of competitive interactions between liquid crystals, metal salts, and dimethyl methylphosphonate at surfaces.

We report the use of Fourier transform polarization modulation infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) to characterize the influence of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on the molecular interactions occurring within thin films of nitrile-containing liquid crystals supported on surfaces presenting metal perchlorate salts. Infrared spectra obtained using thin films of 4‘-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) supported on copper(II) perchlorate salts reveal the nitrile groups of 8CB to be coordinated to the copper(II) on these surfaces, and subsequent exposure of the system to DMMP to result in the elimination of these coordinated nitrile groups. Concurrently, evidence of coordination of the phosphoryl group of DMMP with copper(II) is provided by measurement of a shift of the phosphoryl stretch from 1246 to 1198 cm-1. In contrast, surfaces presenting nickel(II) perchlorate salts only weakly coordinate with DMMP [the phosphoryl peak shifts from 1246 to 1213 cm-1 in the presence of nickel(II)], an...
Low-Income Young Fathers: Contexts, Connections, and Self

Although teenage pregnancy is at the center of much current social concern and political debate, the focus tends to be on the young mothers and their children. The lives and parenting experiences of young fathers typically receive less attention from researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. This article presents findings from a qualitative research study of 25 low-income young fathers. Young men were asked questions about their own life experiences and social contexts, their connections with their children and female partners, and the implications these had for sense of self. They were interviewed again one year later. The majority of young fathers were found to be involved significantly in the lives of their children, despite their own struggles. This in turn helped them feel positive about their sense of self. Implications for social policy and programs are discussed.
Functionally different HTLV I-infected T cell lines with the same phenotype derived from a patient with melanoma.

Abstract Two autologous T cell lines infected with HTLV I are described. T cells from a patient with malignant melanoma were infected with HTLV I by co-culture with a HTLV I-producing T cell line,SLB I. Both T cell lines express identical phenotype (CD3+, CD4+, 4B4+, 2H4−) but they demonstrate marked differences in growth characteristics and function. One of these two lines, referred to as TFTx, established from the autologous tumor activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), grows in culture without any exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2), secretes no detectable amount of IL-2 or gamma interferon (IFN) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha or beta. The other line (TFATx), established from a co-culture between the autologous PBL, lethally irradiated TFTx and the autologous melanoma cells TFM, is IL-2-dependent for growth, secrets IFN gamma and TNF alpha and beta. TFTx exerts profound suppression of generation of cytotoxicity in the autologous PBL in co-culture with the autologous melanoma cells TF-M. In contrast, the TFATx enhances the cytotoxic response in similar co-culture. In addition to suppression of cytotoxic response, supernatant from TFTx suppresses the lectin-activated proliferation of PBL. In 4-h chromium release microcytotoxicity assays, neither line exhibits conventional characteristics of cytotoxic cells. Thus, phenotypically identical HTLV I-infected CD4+ T cell lines derived from the same individual exhibit opposite regulatory functions.
Application of the collisional-radiative, atomic-molecular model to the recombining divertor plasma

Abstract On the basis of a generalized collisional-radiative, atomic-molecular model we have calculated the effective rate coefficient for plasma recombination taking into account the plasma chemical reactions with vibrationally excited molecules. The large size of this rate coefficient and its specific dependence on plasma parameters may explain the anomalously fast plasma recombination experimentally observed on many divertor tokamaks.
To Tell What We Know Or Wait For Godot

The evidence that death-qualified jurors are more likely than excluded jurors to convict is consistent, robust, and directly relevant to the issues of representativeness and conviction proneness that were before the Supreme Court inLockhart v. McCree. There are exactly the circumstances in which anamicus brief from the APA is most appropriate. In science the search for knowledge is never complete; to keep silent until our understanding is perfect is to keep silent forever.
From Faulty Biochemical Assumptions to Poor Diagnostic Performance: Reflections on the Failure of DNA Microarrays to Become a Reliable Clinical Diagnostic Tool

Since their inception about two decades ago, DNA microarrays have been considered as a great hope in translational research and personalized medicine. Although DNA microarrays for gene expression profiling proved to be an indispensable tool in the laboratory settings, their applications as an instrument for clinical diag nostics have not yet produced tangible results. In this paper, we convey the idea that, apart from notoriously poor reproducibility and complexities of experimental validations, there exist other reasons hindering clinical application of DNA microarrays. These reasons are rooted in the very core of the DNA microarrays methodology, that is, in faulty biochemical assumptions underlying microarray measurements. A key premise the microarray measurements are based on is that mRNA abundances harvested from the e ukaryotic cytoplasm are indicative of the activity levels of corresponding genes. There are at least two reasons why this premise is questionable. First, each transcription is supported by a number of transcription factors expressed by many genes. Due to this reason, relations between the transcription rates of genes and the mRNA abundances are the 'many-to-one', not the 'one-to-on e'; therefore, abnormality in a certain mRNA abundance does not unequivocally indicate abnormality of the gene bearing its comp limentary code. Second, mRNA copy numbers in cytoplasm are regulated by a number of epigenetic factors among which the post-transcriptional mRNA stability is of primary importance. Abnormal concentration of certain mRNA may result from deviant
Effect of acrylamide monomer on hepatic CYP1A1 monooxygenase induction in rainbow trout

1. Rainbow trout hepatic microsomes were pre-incubated in vitro with 1 pM, 1 nM, and 1 microM acrylamide for 20 or 30 min and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) was measured. In vitro pre-incubation did not produce a significant decrease in EROD catalytic activity. 2. The effects of 50 ppm acrylamide monomer on hepatic CYP1A1 mRNA and CYP1A1 isozyme steady state levels in rainbow trout were determined after 6, 10, and 14 days of exposure. 3. Acrylamide monomer produced a 35% increase, 51% decrease and 140% increase in CYP1A1 mRNA at 6, 10 and 14 days, respectively, while at the same time CYP1A1 isozyme levels were decreased 12%, 67%, and 62% and EROD activity was decreased 33%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. 4. This indicates that acrylamide treatment may result in either a change in the translation of CYP1A1 mRNA or an isozyme selective inactivation of CYP1A1 resulting in loss of CYP1A1 apoprotein. 5. The effect of acrylamide treatment on hepatic CYP1A1 induction was determined using 10 or 14 day treatment with 50 ppm acrylamide monomer in a flowthrough exposure and induction with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF; 100 mg/kg i.p.) for 1 or 4 days. 6. Acrylamide and 1-day beta-NF had no effect on CYP1A1 mRNA levels when compared to 1-day beta-NF treatment alone, but acrylamide and 4-day beta-NF resulted in a 74% decrease in CYP1A1 mRNA compared to 4-day beta-NF treatment alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pemoline-induced self-biting in rats and self-mutilation in the deLange syndrome

Self-mutilation in humans occasionally accompanies physiological disorders such as the deLange syndrome. If pemoline-induced self-biting is behaviorally similar to self-mutilation in the deLange syndrome, similar neurochemical mechanisms may be involved in both. Oral administration of 140 and 220 mg/kg pemoline reliably induced persistent self-biting in rats. This behavior was indistinguishable from stereotyped grooming and its most common target was the medial digits of the foreleg. Pemoline-induced self-biting was accompanied by hyperactivity, stereotyped behavior, abnormal social behavior, abnormal sensorimotor behavior, and unresponsiveness or avoidance of moderate levels of sensory stimuli. Several of these behaviors have also been reported in deLange patients.
Effective theory of fractional topological insulators in two spatial dimensions

Electrons subjected to a strong spin-orbit coupling in two spatial dimensions could form fractional incompressible quantum liquids without violating the time-reversal symmetry. Here, we construct a Lagrangian description of such fractional topological insulators by combining the available experimental information on potential host materials and the fundamental principles of quantum field theory. This Lagrangian is a Landau-Ginzburg theory of spinor fields, enhanced by a topological term that implements a state-dependent fractional statistics of excitations whenever both particles and vortices are incompressible. The spin-orbit coupling is captured by an external static SU(2) gauge field. The presence of spin conservation or emergent U(1) symmetries would reduce the topological term to the Chern-Simons effective theory tailored to the ensuing quantum Hall state. However, the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in solid-state materials does not conserve spin. We predict that it can nevertheless produce incompressible quantum liquids with topological order but without a quantized Hall conductivity. We discuss two examples of such liquids whose description requires a generalization of the Chern-Simons theory. One is an Abelian Laughlin-type state, while the other has a new kind of non-Abelian many-body entanglement. Their quasiparticles exhibit fractional spin-dependent exchange statistics, and have fractional quantum numbers derived from the electron's charge and spin according to their transformations under time reversal. In addition to conventional phases of matter, the proposed topological Lagrangian can capture a broad class of hierarchical Abelian and non-Abelian topological states, involving particles with arbitrary spin or general emergent SU(N) charges.
Differential induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 by benzo[a]pyrene in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and by tobacco smoking in oral mucosa

Summary Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo [a] pyrene (BP), are major tobacco carcinogens. Their carcinogenic effects require metabolic activation by cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzymes. Relative CYP isoform expression is related to tissue-specific tobacco-related squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) susceptibility. There have been conflicting reports regarding relative CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 oral expression, and information regarding CYP1B1 expression in oral tissues is limited. To quantify BP- and tobacco-induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in oral SCC cells and oral mucosa. Study Design: Real-time qPCR was performed to measure (1) BP-induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in seven oral/other head and neck SCC cell lines (2) CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in gingiva from 22 smokers and 24 nonsmokers. SCC lines exhibited either similar induction of both isoforms or preferential CYP1A1 induction (CYP1A1-to-CYP1B1 ratios 0.8–4.3). In contrast, gingival tissues from smokers exhibited preferential CYP1B1 induction. Marked interindividual variation in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression was observed among smokers. In vitro conditions may not account for factors that modulate expression in vivo . Interindividual variation in inducible CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression may account in part for variation in tobacco-related oral SCC risk.
Routine use of postoperative ICU care for elective craniotomy: a cost-benefit analysis.

Abstract Objective Postoperative monitoring in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting following elective craniotomy is routine at many institutions, as it is believed that this reduces the incidence and potential seriousness of early postoperative complications. This is unproven, however, and ICU resources are scarce and costly. At our institution, one surgeon began to routinely transfer elective craniotomy patients directly to the floor following an uneventful postanesthesia care unit (PACU) recovery. This study was undertaken to see whether that practice was safe and cost-effective. Methods A retrospective cohort of 430 consecutive, elective adult craniotomies, from February, 2000 to September, 2001 were analyzed. Variables were divided into 12 major groups: attending surgeon, age, sex, diagnosis, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code, length of stay, preoperative deficit, medical co-morbidities, postop floor, medical complications, neurological complications, and total hospitalization cost. Results Patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) did not have fewer complications than patients transferred directly to the floor. Patients admitted to the SICU did not have more preoperative neurological deficits or medical co-morbidities. Age was not a significant predictor of either medical or neurological complications. In patients without initial postop complications, only length of stay and postop floor assignment correlated with cost ( p Conclusions Selective, rather than routine use of postoperative ICU care in elective craniotomy patients is safe, resulting in no greater incidence of medical or neurological complications, and may provide significant reductions in average hospitalization length and cost.
Adsorption of H, CO, CH2, CH3, and C2H4 on MoC Molecular orbital theory

The structure and electronic properties of MoC have been characterized using ASED bulk and slab band and cluster MO calculations. Singly bonded adsorbates, H and CH3, are found to cause minor Mo and large C relaxations, the latter a result of breaking a relatively weak subsurface CMo bond to form stronger CH or CCH3 bonds. Doubly bonded adsorbates, CO and CH2, on the other hand, cause large relaxations of Mo upward and this frees up d-orbitals which are involved in π-bonding with the adsorbate. When π complexed, C2H4 causes large Mo relaxations but when di-σ-bonded to 2 Mo the relaxations are small. The adsorption energies parallel those found in our recent study of these species on MoS2, except for the weaker C2H4 adsorption energy calculated for the carbide, which is consistent with the greater ability of molybdenum carbide catalysts to generate C2H4.
Use of moments of momentum to predict the crystal habit in potassium hydrogen phthalate

A relatively simple calculation of the moments of momentum predicts the morphological order of crystal faces for potassium hydrogen phthalate. The effects on the habit caused by the addition of monomeric, dimeric, and larger aggregates during crystal growth are considered. The first six of the seven observed crystal faces are predicted with this method.
Shooting with degree theory: Analysis of some weighted poly-harmonic systems

Abstract In this paper, the author establishes the existence of positive entire solutions to a general class of semilinear poly-harmonic systems, which includes equations and systems of the weighted Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev type. The novel method used implements the classical shooting method enhanced by topological degree theory. The key steps of the method are to first construct a target map which aims the shooting method and the non-degeneracy conditions guarantee the continuity of this map. With the continuity of the target map, a topological argument is used to show the existence of zeros of the target map. The existence of zeros of the map along with a non-existence theorem for the corresponding Navier boundary value problem imply the existence of positive solutions for the class of poly-harmonic systems.
Eukaryotic signature proteins of Prosthecobacter dejongeii and Gemmata sp. Wa-1 as revealed by in silico analysis.

The genomes of representatives of three bacterial phyla have been compared with the list of 347 eukaryotic signature proteins (ESPs) derived by Hartman and Fedorov [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 (2002) 1420]. The species included Prosthecobacter dejongeii of the Verrucomicrobia phylum, Gemmata sp. Wa-1 of the Planctomycetes phylum and Caulobacter crescentus of the Proteobacteria. The protist Trypanosoma brucei was used as a eukaryotic control. P. dejongeii had unique ERGO blast matches to α-, β-, and γ-tubulin, to Set2, a transciptional factor associated with eukaryotic DNA, and to LAMMER protein kinase for a total of 10 high-scoring ESP matches altogether. Gemmata sp. Wa-1 shared four of its 17 high-scoring ESP matches with P. dejongeii, and that information coupled with other genomic data provides strong support that these two phyla are related to one another. If the ESP list is an accurate listing of unique eukaryotic proteins, then the low number of high-scoring matches between the proteins of these two bacteria with the list raises doubts about these phyla being direct ancestors of the Eucarya. However, this does not rule out the possibility that ancestral members of either the Verrucomicrobia or Planctomycetes may have played an important role in the evolution of a proto-eukaryotic organism.
Comparison of avidin and biotin levels in eggs from turkey hens with high and low hatchability records.

Abstract 1. 1. Levels of biotin and avidin were assayed in eggs from Small White turkey hens having 12–15 week average hatchability of fertile egg records (HF) of 13 and 99%. 2. 2. The median level and concentration of avidin was higher in eggs of the 13% HF (2.72 mg and 42.5 μg/ml, respectively) as compared with the 99% HF (1.39 mg and 23.8 μg/ml, respectively). 3. 3. Calculations for total biotin to avidin binding in the eggs revealed that all eggs in the 13% HF and residual free avidin levels after total biotin was complexed to avidin. 4. 4. This complex formation is expected to have limited the availability of biotin for embryonic development.
Explant culture of human and rabbit articular chondrocytes.

Copious outgrowth of chondrocytes was obtained by explantation from each of three rabbit and one surgically-resected human articular cartilages pretreated briefly with trypsin. In lapine explants, ascorbate (40μg/ml) increased DNA three-fold over control values and resulted in deposition of a chondroid matrix. It doubled radiosulfate incorporation by the outgrowths. Up to 56% of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesized was located in the trypsin-digestible pericellular coat compared with about 15% in previous monolayer cultures. The collagens synthesized were characterized partially. In rabbit cell cultures, the α1: α2 ratio varied from 2.9 to 3.8. In human cultures, an unusual post-α2 peak was observed. The findings suggest an uncoupling of the phenotypic expression of the major cartilaginous macromolecules in the cultures. There were no distinctive differences between chondrocytes derived from normal and fibrillated human cartilage of the same individual.
Development of AACAP Practice Parameters for Gender Nonconformity and Gender Discordance in Children and Adolescents

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) is preparing a publication, Practice Parameter on Gay, Lesbian or Bisexual Sexual Orientation, Gender-Nonconformity, and Gender Discordance in Children and Adolescents. This article discusses the development of the part of the parameter related to gender nonconformity and gender discordance and describes the practice parameter preparation process,rationale, key scientific evidence, and methodology. Also discussed are terminology considerations, related clinical issues and practice skills, and overall organization of information including influences on gender development, gender role behavior, gender nonconformity and gender discordance, and their relationship to the development of sexual orientation.
Properties of Boron-Doped Epitaxial Diamond Films

Boron-doped homo-epitaxial films were deposited by microwave plasma CVD on synthesized single-crystal diamonds. Boron concentration in the films was determined by the boron concentration in the reactant gases. The crystallinity of boron- doped films was found to be affected by the boron concentration in the reactant gases. The conductivity of boron doped films was determined by the concentration of boron, and the activation energy was nearly the same as for natural IIb diamonds. The effect of the surface orientation of substrates was found in the conductivity of highly doped films. The result of the Hall effect measurement indicated that the mobility of boron-doped diamond epitaxial films was 70 cm2/Vs even at 500°C.
The impact of climate change on vadose zone pore waters and its implication for long-term monitoring

Protecting groundwater is of growing interest as pressure on these resources grows. Recharge of groundwater takes place through the vadose zone, where complex interactions between thermal-hydrological-geochemical processes affect water quality. Monitoring processes in the vadose zone is an important means of evaluating the long-term health of aquifer systems, and has become an integral part of many subsurface engineering efforts. Monitoring such systems, however, may be affected by changes in climate that slowly propagate through vadose zone systems. We describe in this paper the use of NUFT-C, a reactive transport simulator designed to run on a high performance, massively parallel computer, to compare quantitatively the evolution of a deep vadose zone with changes expected from an engineered high-level nuclear waste repository. The results suggest that the impacts from waste emplacement are, in some instances, similar to those that would be observed as a result of climate change, whereas others are distinguishable from evolution of the natural system. Such simulations facilitate design of long-term monitoring programs that take account of these complex effects. The results emphasize the importance of developing long-term baseline measurements and control sites, in order to enhance confidence in interpretations of complexly evolving data sets that will be obtained from multidecade monitoring efforts.
TESOL at Twenty-Five: What Are the Issues?.

Four major themes appear to be running through ESOL teaching and research efforts at the present time: (a) In our focus on learners, we are attempting to capitalize on their intrinsic motivation to learn English as a means to their empowerment; (b) sociopolitical issues have us focused on English as an international language and on language policy issues in many countries, including the U. S.; (c) efforts are being made to make curricula more content-centered and task-based, with an emphasis on pressing global issues; (d) our methods are, in turn, increasingly oriented toward cooperative, learner-centered teaching in which learner strategy training plays a significant role.
All-solid-state supercapacitors with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated carbon fiber paper electrodes and ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte

Abstract All-solid-state thin supercapacitors have been fabricated using current pulse polymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) over carbon fiber paper and ionic liquid based gel polymer electrolyte. The PEDOT-coated carbon paper electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) which confirm the porous morphology of PEDOT at the nanoscale and a high degree of ClO 4 − dopant ion conjugation. The performance characteristics of the supercapacitor cells have been evaluated by ac impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The PEDOT electrode shows specific capacitance of ∼154.5 F g −1 , which correspond to the cell area-normalized capacitance of 85 mF cm −2 . The maximum specific energy and specific power of the solid-state supercapacitor cell, calculated from charge-discharge characteristics, are 6.5 Wh kg −1 and 11.3 kW kg −1 , respectively. The solid-state supercapacitor shows good cycle durability and time stability. The thin, lightweight, gel electrolyte based supercapacitor shows considerable potential for low-cost, high-performance energy storage applications.
Experimental and analytical comparison of aerodynamic characteristics of a forward-control missile

Comparisons of analytical and experimental aerodynamic data for canard controlled missile configurations are presented. Recently, techniques to estimate the longitudinal, directional and lateral aerodynamic characteristics for cruciform missiles have been developed. Nielsen Engineering and Research, Inc. (NEAR, Inc.), supported by various governmental agencies, has been the originator of many of these new computational techniques. Two of these are major computer programs currently being implemented by several research organizations. Predicted data from these two programs are compared with experimental data recently obtained at the NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan wind tunnel facility. Comparisons cover the supersonic Mach number regime of 1.60 to 3.50, angles-of-attack from 0 to 20 degrees and roll angles of 0, 26.57 and 45 degrees. Major emphasis is on the roll characteristics due to aileron with limited longitudinal and directional characteristics addressed.