cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anterolateral distal tibia locking plate osteosynthesis and their ability to capture OTAC3 pilon fragments.

Abstract Background Intra-articular Pilon fractures remain therapeutically challenging due to osteochondral fracturing and comminution, marginal impaction, and insult to the soft tissue envelope. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of anterolateral distal tibial locking plates in capturing main fracture fragments in tibial plafond fractures. Methods From May 2011 to Dec 2015, 169 OTA C-type pilon fractures met inclusion and exclusion criteria with computed tomographic (CT) scans performed prior to definitive fixation. For each patient, the fracture lines were mapped, digitized, and graphically superimposed to create a compilation of fracture lines. Based on these average measurements, three distal tibia sawbones had three different anterolateral plates applied. Axial CT scan images were used to determine the efficacy of screw purchase in main fracture fragments in pilon fractures. Results The Smith & Nephew PERI-LOC plate secured the largest number of fracture lines (90.1%) but missed the Volkmann fragment with greatest frequency at 3.6%. The Synthes 2.7/3.5 mm VA-LCP captured 87.3% of the fracture lines while missing the Volkmann fragment 3.2% of the time. The Synthes 3.5 mm LCP captured 86.5% of the fracture lines but was the best at securing the Volkmann fragment (1.2% missed). All three implants were deficient in capturing the medial malleolar fragment. The PERI-LOC and 2.7/3.5 mm VA-LCP did not differ with respect to percentage of fragments captured (p = 0.721) but both outperformed the 3.5 mm LCP (p = 0.021 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions This study was consistent with prior literature in defining three main fracture fragments: anterior, medial, and posterior. All three plates were deficient in capturing the medial malleolar fragment. The Smith and Nephew PERI-LOC plate secured the most number of fracture lines, while the Synthes 3.5 mm LCP was least likely to miss the Volkmann fragment and most likely to miss the medial malleolar fragment. No plate was found to be superior to the other in capturing all fracture lines of the OTAC3 pilon fragments. Level of evidence Three.
Actuation of chitosan-aptamer nanobrush borders for pathogen sensing

We demonstrate a sensing mechanism for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples using the actuation of chitosan-aptamer nanobrush borders. The bio-inspired soft material and sensing strategy mimic natural symbiotic systems, where low levels of bacteria are selectively captured from complex matrices. To engineer this biomimetic system, we first develop reduced graphene oxide/nanoplatinum (rGO-nPt) electrodes, and characterize the fundamental electrochemical behavior in the presence and absence of chitosan nanobrushes during actuation (pH-stimulated osmotic swelling). We then characterize the electrochemical behavior of the nanobrush when receptors (antibodies or DNA aptamers) are conjugated to the surface. Finally, we test various techniques to determine the most efficient capture strategy based on nanobrush actuation, and then apply the biosensors in a food product. Maximum cell capture occurs when aptamers conjugated to the nanobrush bind cells in the extended conformation (pH 6). The aptamer-nanobrush hybrid material was more efficient than the antibody-nanobrush material, which was likely due to the relatively high adsorption capacity for aptamers. The biomimetic material was used to develop a rapid test (17 min) for selectively detecting L. monocytogenes at concentrations ranging from 9 to 107 CFU mL-1 with no pre-concentration, and in the presence of other Gram-positive cells (Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus). Use of this bio-inspired material is among the most efficient for L. monocytogenes sensing to date, and does not require sample pretreatment, making nanobrush borders a promising new material for rapid pathogen detection in food.
Confessional, International, and Cosmopolitan: Herman Bavinck’s Neo-Calvinistic and Protestant Vision of the Catholicity of the Church

Recent critiques of Protestantism argue that its theological principles undercut ecclesial unity while creating endless interpretive plurality. This plurality, in turn, perpetuates the secular conditions that characterize the contemporary Western world: the nurturing of personal autonomy, a buffered self that deafens theological dimensions of existence, and an unenduring institutional visibility that renders Protestant churches incapable of engaging the modern world with a unified theological voice. In this context, this article retrieves Herman Bavinck’s understanding that a specifically Protestant view of the church can properly ground a catholicity that centers on a unity-in-diversity that is “confessional, international, and cosmopolitan” in character.
How is Knowledge of the World Possible

In writing against Malebranche’s doctrine of ideas, Antoine Arnauld accused Malebranche of confusing cognitive withspatial presence.1Malebranche accepted a common seventeenth-century principle that we can know only what is intimately united to our mind. Since material objects differ in kind from minds, they obviously cannot be united with the mind. Malebranche even used a rather vivid, though somewhat bizarre illustration to make his point: the mind does not walk in space to get near to the objects, nor do objects leave their position in space and come to the mind. It is necessary, therefore, for there to be other things which are present with the mind, by means of which we can know material objects. For Malebranche, these intermediary objects were ideas, whose natural home was with God.2Upon the occasion of specific sensations in nerves and brain, God reveals the relevant ideas to us. These ideas are not copies of objects, they are rather the essential features of objects. In fact, the particularity of objects does not seem to be caught by Malebranche’s ideas: they are universals which render bodies intelligible to us. Thus, the access to the world provided by Malebranche’s ideas is indirect (through God’s intervention, not through any causal activity of objects) and schematic (essentialist knowledge, rather than specific, particular information about the world).
Quality Factors and How They are Measured

Beyond satisfying their nutritional needs, the foods people choose and the amounts they eat depend largely on quality. Quality and price need not go together, but food manufacturers know that they generally can get a higher price for or can sell a larger quantity of products with superior quality. Thus, the nutrient value of the different grades of canned fruits and vegetables is the same for all practical purposes, yet the price can vary as much as threefold depending upon other attributes of quality. This is why processors will go to extremes to control quality. Quality has been defined as degree of excellence. We might also say that quality is the composite of characteristics that have significance and make for acceptability. Acceptability, however, can be highly subjective.
Fears and Phobias

Fear is an intense emotion that is associated with cognitive, behavioral, and/or physiological components of anxiety (Morris & Kratochwill, 1983). In the presence of danger, fear can lead an individual to take protective action, and cause the person to behave in a cautious manner (Jersild, 1968). In school-age children transitory fears are common. These fears, which do not typically interfere with the child’s daily functioning, are often viewed as integrally tied to normal child development (e.g., Jersild, 1968; Jersild & Holmes, 1935; Morris & Kratochwill, 1983; Smith, 1979).
Qualification of Urinary Biomarkers for Kidney Toxicity

Abstract In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched its Critical Path Initiative. Recognizing the increasingly complicated and difficult path to medical product development, the FDA concluded that it was very important to develop new tools to evaluate and predict the safety, efficacy and manufacturability of medical products. The FDA called for a national effort to identify specific activities all along the critical path of medical product development and use, which, if undertaken, would help transform the critical path sciences. The Critical Path Initiative reinforced the need for additional biomarkers to predict drug toxicity in pre-clinical studies which can act as surrogate endpoints, and/or aid in making efficacious and cost-saving decisions or terminating drug development more quickly. It was predicted that quantifiable and sensitive biomarkers would influence every phase of the drug development process, from discovery and pre-clinical evaluation through each phase of clinical trials and post-marketing studies. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) was found to be an highly sensitive and specific biomarker of nephrotoxicity. Together with KIM-1 seven urinary biomarkers were qualified for regulatory decision-making. This qualification process was historic since it represented the first time there was a joint response of the FDA and EMA to a single submission to the two agencies.
Serendipity as an Example for a New Four-tiered Model of the Study of Intentional Self-regulation

This article describes how actions transform chance events into sustained positive development. I argue that serendipity is intentional, and involves the coaction of self-regulatory actions and chance life events. To provide a foundation for research on both serendipity and self-regulation more generally, I introduce a model of self-regulation research organized across the nomothetic-idiographic spectrum. In this model, every self-regulatory action should be simultaneously studied at various levels of generality and specificity. Using the example case of serendipity, I argue that self-regulation research should adopt this model to capture the full richness of goal striving.
The general equilibrium effects of high‐occupancy vehicle lanes on congestion, sprawl, energy use, and carbon emissions

High‐occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been promoted to encourage carpools, reduce traffic congestion, and improve air quality. At the partial equilibrium level, commuting with three workers per automobile clearly reduces highway congestion, lowers carbon emissions, and saves energy compared with three single drivers. This paper develops a numerical urban simulation model to generate the general equilibrium effects of HOV lanes on urban spatial structure, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The major findings are that while HOV lanes reduce traffic congestion and improve welfare, the fall in transportation cost leads to urban sprawl, which results in higher dwelling energy use and a larger carbon footprint. Overall, the HOV lane policy has little effect on total energy consumption and carbon emissions. This is another classic case of general equilibrium effects reversing the partial equilibrium effects of an urban policy. In contrast, a gasoline tax policy leads to less urban sprawl but is less effective at lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions. Imposing congestion tolls is a more effective tool at reducing traffic congestion, saving energy, and lowering carbon emissions.
Sub-rf period electrical characterization of a pulsed capacitively coupled argon plasma

Transient plasmas (such as pulsed power plasmas) can be of interest to both industry, where they allow for new processing windows, and basic science, where their dynamics are of interest. However, their study requires time resolved diagnostic techniques. One powerful diagnostic is current and voltage (IV) measurements, which along with the power and impedance calculated from them, can be used to characterize a plasma. This is especially true as it is an outside the chamber, noninvasive technique and can be used in systems where a probe or fiber optic bundle/window will affect processing results or fail due to deposition. To obtain accurate IV values, frequency dependent probe calibrations must be performed and frequency dependent parasitic impedances in the system and propagation delay between the forward traveling fundamental frequency and backward traveling harmonic frequencies must be taken into account. To separate the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is traditionally performed in continuous wave plasmas. In transient plasmas, a time resolved FFT is necessary. This article presents a method to perform each of these steps while demonstrating their importance and giving some measurements of a pulsed power, 75 mTorr, capacitively coupled argon plasma.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can manifest with flu-like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID-19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well-controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2.
Improving Hospitalized Patient Sleep: It Is Easier Than It Seems.

Adequate sleep is important in healing from illness. Sleep deprivation has been associated with a myriad of negative health effects, including impaired immune function, decreased pain tolerance, and delirium.1–3 Frequent interruptions to sleep additionally impact patient experience, a fact that has been recognized by the Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, which asks families for feedback on the quietness of the hospital environment at night.4 Perhaps underrecognized is the effect interruptions have on parents and caregivers who remain at bedside overnight.5,6 This becomes important as sleep deprivation, particularly over time, negatively impacts qualities such as optimism, trust, resilience, and ability to concentrate.7 While hospitalized, children awaken frequently and receive far fewer hours of sleep than is recommended by the National Sleep Foundation.8,9 Despite the clear importance of sleep in the hospital, health care providers interrupt sleep frequently. In 1 study, the rooms of hospitalized children were entered an average of 10 times per night.9 Other studies in which …
Multiscale SHG microscopy analysis of collagen alterations in human diseases

We have developed Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscope tools to selectively and specifically probe changes in collagen organization in diseased tissues. Using a novel form of 3D machine learning, we successfully classified six types of ovarian tumors based on the observed collagen fiber morphology. We also exploit the SHG coherence to extract sub-resolution fibril assembly (size and packing) by analyzing the emission directionality in conjunction with measured optical scattering properties and Monte Carlo simulations. This approach further classified a spectrum of ovarian tumors. We developed polarization sensitive SHG methods to extract collagen macro/supramolecular structural aspects and found significant differences between normal and malignant ovarian tissues. We also used this set of SHG analyses to probe structural changes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) compared to normal lung tissues, and found comparable collagen changes over normal tissues.
Beyond “Yes Means Yes”: A Behavioral Conceptualization of Affirmative Sexual Consent

As efforts to improve awareness and prevention of sexual assault increase, the importance of a workable definition of sexual consent becomes apparent. Affirmative sexual consent, often summarized as “yes means yes,” has been adopted by sexual assault prevention activists and much of popular culture, whereas legal policy and scientific pursuits seem to lag behind. For example, despite its importance for not only the prevention of sexual assault but also the facilitation of satisfying and meaningful relationships, affirmative sexual consent has not been subjected to a conceptual behavioral analysis. This article offers a behavioral conceptualization of affirmative sexual consent with specific implications for how consent is defined, what behaviors compose the response class of consent, and what contexts control those behaviors. Specifically, we propose that affirmative sexual consent as a functional response class involves tact–mand combinations of appetitive contingencies under appetitive control, shifting with the changing context. Action implications are provided for defining affirmative sexual consent, identifying the target behaviors that compose it, and setting the context for training those behaviors. It is our hope that this functional approach to affirmative sexual consent might provide a preliminary foundation for empirical and applied pursuits to move beyond “yes means yes.”
Der theoretische Unterbau der Wirtschaftspolitik

Es ist mir eine Ehre, hier vor der Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen sprechen zu durfen, von der ich bereits so viel Ruhmliches gehort habe und deren Publikationen ich wiederholt mit grosem Interesse studiert habe. Die Reichweite der Gegenstande, die Sie der Betrachtung unterziehen, ist auserst imponierend. Ich weis daher nicht, ob ich in dem, was ich sagen will, irgend etwas bringe, was Ihnen neu ist. Ich will gar nicht behaupten, das es uberhaupt neu ist; ich will lediglich sagen, das ich mich mit Dingen beschaftigen will, die meines Erachtens nach in der gegenwartigen Lage der Wissenschaft Beachtung finden sollten und die auf die Fragen der Wirtschaftspolitik ein scharferes Licht werfen konnten. Wenn ich im folgenden nicht von deutschen Beitragen spreche, die auf diesem wichtigen Gebiete gemacht worden sind, so ist das lediglich als eine Masnahme der Zeitersparnis gedacht und nicht, um irgendwie anzudeuten, das es nicht viele wichtige deutsche Beitrage gabe. Sie sind Ihnen aber vielleicht besser bekannt als mir, und ich glaube, das es vorzuziehen ist, wenn ich von Dingen spreche, mit denen ich unmittelbarer vertraut bin und die mir naherliegen.
Discovering Women with Disabilities

Abstract The unique characteristics, strengths, and challenges facing women with disabilities are discussed. A feminist perspective is used to identify and understand the implications for developing policy, and providing services for and practicing with women with disabilities. Rather than utilize a traditional paradigm that places the “problem” within the individual woman with a disability, disability is explored within a social context.
Pro: midazolam is the sedative of choice to supplement narcotic anesthesia

Having examined the options for adjuvant drug use during cardiac anesthesia, it becomes increasingly apparent that midazolam is "the drug" of choice and that supplementation with an opioid is an ideal adjuvant. In the hands of experienced cardiac anesthesiologists, the majority of the drugs discussed could provide adequate anesthesia with outcomes that would be difficult to distinguish, with the exception of awakening and time to extubation. Regardless of the inability to differentiate overall outcome, when comparing ease of providing complete "balanced" anesthesia, minimal cost increase, ease of use, hemodynamic stability, reliability of amnesia and ability to decrease narcotic requirement and allow early extubation, midazolam is a clear winner. Given as a continuous infusion or a bolus, potent opioids such as alfentanil, fentanyl or sufentanil enhance the amnestic and hypnotic effect of midazolam, decreasing the required dose. In addition, the combination of midazolam and narcotics decreases the catecholamine response that either one alone would produce. This removes the necessity of marked narcotic overdose required when narcotics alone are used. The result of this anesthetic combination is a technique that can be used in the majority of cardiac patients regardless of their ventricular performance, allowing options for earlier awakening, earlier extubation and decreased ICU stay. The goal of complete "balanced" anesthesia is best achieved with continuous infusions of midazolam and opioids. Accepting recall of intraoperative events as a necessary evil is unacceptable in the stable cardiac surgery patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
More “walk the talk”

This article applies Total Quality Management (TQM) concepts to the specific case of contracting out. Specifically, it applies quality expert E. Edwards Deming’s 14 points to the management of contracts by firms employing contractors. His points are generally held to be the “bedrock philosophy” on which any TQM effort must rest. By adapting these quality concepts and philosophies to contracting practices, processes and procedures, managers can develop Total Quality Contracting (TQC) approaches for their organizations.
Toward adaptive information fusion in multimodal systems

Techniques for information fusion are at the heart of multimodal system design. To develop new user-adaptive approaches for multimodal fusion, our lab has investigated the stability and basis of major individual differences that have been documented in users' multimodal integration patterns. In this talk, I summarized the following: (1) there are large individual differences in users' dominant speech and pen multimodal integration pattern, such that individual users can be classified as either simultaneous or sequential integrators (Oviatt, 1999; Oviatt et al., 2003), (2) users' dominant integration pattern can be identified almost immediately (i.e., upon first interaction with computer), and it remains highly consistent over a session (Oviatt et al., 2003; Oviatt et al., 2005b), (3) users' dominant integration pattern also remains stable across their lifespan (Oviatt et al., 2003; Oviatt et al., 2005b), (4) users' dominant integration pattern is highly resistant to change, even when they are given strong selective reinforcement or explicit instructions to switch patterns (Oviatt et al., 2003; Oviatt et al., 2005a), (5) when users encounter cognitive load (e.g., due to increasing task difficulty, or system recognition errors), their dominant multimodal integration pattern entrenches or becomes "hypertimed," (Oviatt et al., 2003; Oviatt et al., 2004), and (6) users' distinctive integration patterns appear to derive from enduring differences in basic reflective-impulsive cognitive style (Oviatt et al., 2005b).
Mineralogical relations and magma mixing in calc-alkaline andesites from lake Atitlán, Guatemala

Quaternary calc-alkaline andesites erupted form three neighboring volcanoes along the Guatemalan volcanic front have mineralogic compositions and textures which show varying degrees of disequilibrium. Basaltic andesites and andesites (SiO2 % = 50−59), erupted from Atitlan volcano located nearer to the trench, have the lowest degree of disequilibrium. These lavas contain an anhydrous phenocryst assemblage of mildly bimodal plagioclase, olivine, augite opx, and magnetite. Orthopyroxene occurs at the expense of olivine with increasing whole rock SiO2. Most pyroxene phenocrysts show a trend of Fe enrichment. Andesites from Toliman (SiO2% = 53−62) and San Pedro (Si02% = 54−67) volcanoes, located further away from the trench, show comparatively high and moderate degrees of disequilibrium, respectively. Toliman andesites have bimodal plagioclase compositions and textures. Olivine persists with increasing whole rock Si02 and lacks clear modal relations with coexisting orthopyroxene and hornblende phenocrysts. When compared to Atitlan andesites, Toliman olivines are more forsteritic and pyroxenes contain higher proportions of Mg-rich rims, though normal zoned phenocrysts occur within the same rock. Toliman andesite also have lower proportions of phenocrysts to microphenocrysts, more calcic plagioclase groundmass compositions, and higher modal phenocrystic magnetite. San Pedro andesites have disequilibrium assemblages similar to Toliman andesites but are not as striking. Magma mixing is proposed as the dominant cause for observed disequilibrium. Disequilibrium features are preserved best in Toliman and San Pedro andesites because inferred durations between mixing and eruption are shortest, and consequently, these mixed andesites more clearly record mafic and silicic endmember compositions. The mafic component is a relatively high temperature, high-Al basalt containing phenocrysts of Mg-rich olivine (Fo = 78−80), calcic plagioclase (An 70−80), augite and titanomagnetite. The silicic component contains quartz, sodic plagioclase (An 40−50), Fe-rich orthopyroxene and titanomagnetite. Short durations between mixing and eruption produce petrographic features which, in part, mimic the effects of increasing PH20 in a fractionating magma. Inferred mixing durations for Atitlann andesites are longer and involve a less-silicic composition. The intervolcano disequilibrium relations suggest that as Si02 in a silicic endmember increases, the duration and efficiency of mixing decreases.
The Relationship of E-Commerce Competence to Customer Value and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation

The advent of electronic commerce has induced many organizations to develop a Web presence and exploit the opportunities offered by the Internet. In an environment that commoditizes products and allows for easy imitative behavior through instant access to information on competitor's offerings, it is not clear how to build a sustainable competitive advantage. This study endeavors to facilitate an understanding of this complex issue. Electronic commerce competence is posited as a key driver of organizational performance, and it is argued that this effect is mediated by the generation of "customer value" through Web site functionality. By empirically analyzing primary and secondary data from over 100 companies, the relationship between electronic commerce competence, customer value, and both short- and long-term firm performance is examined. The results show that firms with high electronic commerce competence exhibit superior performance and that customer value generated through Web site functionality partially mediates this relationship. In addition, the results show that companies can enhance short-term performance by providing value to the customer in prepurchase situations. But in order to build customer loyalty and thus long-term performance, companies need to enhance the product ownership experience of customers.
Habitual, Unregulated Media Use and Marital Satisfaction in Recently Married LDS Couples

Fifty-seven husband and wife pairs (N = 114) independently completed measures of their own and perceptions of their partner's martial satisfaction and commitment in four domains: satisfaction, investment, quality of alternatives, and attachment. Couples also completed measures of Internet and television use in four domains: deficient self-regulation, self-reactive incentives, habit, and frequency of use. In general, Internet use among wives was negatively associated with marital satisfaction and commitment of both partners. For husbands, Internet self-reactive incentives and habits were positively related to some indicators of marital satisfaction. Television use was generally unrelated to indicators of marital satisfaction or commitment.
Combining registration and active shape models for the automatic segmentation of the lymph node regions in head and neck CT images.

Purpose: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is the state of the art technique for head and neck cancer treatment. It requires precise delineation of the target to be treated and structures to be spared, which is currently done manually. The process is a time-consuming task of which the delineation of lymph node regions is often the longest step. Atlas-based delineation has been proposed as an alternative, but, in the authors’ experience, this approach is not accurate enough for routine clinical use. Here, the authors improve atlas-based segmentation results obtained for level II–IV lymph node regions using an active shape model (ASM) approach. Methods: An average image volume was first created from a set of head and neck patient images with minimally enlarged nodes. The average image volume was then registered using affine, global, and local nonrigid transformations to the other volumes to establish a correspondence between surface points in the atlas and surface points in each of the other volumes. Once the correspondence was established, the ASMs were created for each node level. The models were then used to first constrain the results obtained with an atlas-based approach and then to iteratively refine the solution. Results: The method was evaluated through a leave-one-out experiment. The ASM- and atlas-based segmentations were compared to manual delineations via the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for volume overlap and the Euclidean distance between manual and automatic 3D surfaces. The mean DSC value obtained with the ASM-based approach is 10.7% higher than with the atlas-based approach; the mean and median surface errors were decreased by 13.6% and 12.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The ASM approach is effective in reducing segmentation errors in areas of low CT contrast where purely atlas-based methods are challenged. Statistical analysis shows that the improvements brought by this approach are significant.
Patterns of symmetry breaking in a gauge-theory model

We examine the SU(2)/sub 2/ x U(1) x U(1) gauge model of Yang by a group-theoretical approach and also by explicit computation to determine the number of physically inequivalent solutions of spontaneous symmetry breakdown and the physical particle content of these solutions. We find only two pseudo-Goldstone bosons in this particular model. An error is pointed out in Yang's paper in the determination of the number of pseudo-Goldstone bosons present and in the identification of the physical particle fields. Although our work deals with a specific model, it does illustrate the general type of detailed analysis necessary to determine the possible physical particle content of a gauge theory. (AIP)
Assessing obliteration by incorporation in a full-text database: JSTOR, Economics, and the concept of bounded rationality

To evaluate the usefulness of a full-text database as a source for assessing obliteration by incorporation (OBI), 3,707 article records including the catchphrases "bounded rationality" and/or "boundedly rational" (connected with the work of H. A. Simon) in the article text were retrieved from JSTOR, a full-text database with broad disciplinary coverage. Two subsets were analyzed--a 10 % systematic sample of all records and a set of all articles in Economics journals (with the addition of the Journal of Economic Theory). A majority of articles in the 10 % sample came from Economics and Management journals, while Psychology was poorly represented. In the 10 % sample, based on the percentage of true implicit citations between 1992 and 2009 in the 80 % of records that had a catchphrase in the body of the article, rather than just in the reference list, annual OBI ranged from 0 to 70 % (mean 33 %) with no discernible trend. The Economics articles showed a narrower range of OBI--fluctuating around 40 % implicit citations over the same time period. In both data sets, a large proportion of indirect citations were to sources that themselves cited a relevant work by Simon. Over 90 % of the articles in both the 10 % sample and the economics journal set would not have been retrieved with a database record search because they lacked the catchphrase in the record fields.
Surface composition control via chain end segregation in polyethersulfone solution cast films

Abstract Surfaces and interfaces of polyethersulfone (PESU) materials play a crucial role in the overall performance of the polymer in applications such as filtration membranes, medical devices, and protective coatings. This work investigates the chain end localization to the polymer-air interface of solution cast films of semi-rigid rod PESU polymers end-capped with phenol (OH) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) groups. PESU solutions of varying molecular weight and low distribution were characterized via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) as well as static and dynamic light scattering. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser microscopy revealed a preferential localization of both –OH and –FITC chain ends to the PESU-air interface. Scaling of the chain end concentration as a function of polymer dimensions was determined to differ from that of flexible chain polymers. Surface analysis demonstrated that chain end chemistry could be used to tailor the nano- and macro-scale properties of the resulting PESU surface.
A general-purpose simulation program for agricultural operations

Abstract A detailed stochastic computer model was developed to simulate a forage harvesting operation. It was written to be general enough to simulate any agricultural operation using mobile machinery with minimal additional programming. The program used the simulation software package SLAM II, and most of the additional programming involved developing a SLAM network to simulate the system to be modeled. No significant differences were found between the simulated and observed quantities for the forage harvesting operation, but the model cannot be considered completely validated.
Proteasome Inhibition Triggers Activity-Dependent Increase in the Size of the Recycling Vesicle Pool in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

The ubiquitin proteasome system, generally known for its function in protein degradation, also appears to play an important role in regulating membrane trafficking. A role for the proteasome in regulating presynaptic release and vesicle trafficking has been proposed for invertebrates, but it remains to be tested in mammalian presynaptic terminals. We used the fluorescent styrylpyridinium dye FM4-64 to visualize changes in the recycling pool of vesicles in hippocampal culture under pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome. We found that a 2 h inhibition increases the recycling pool of vesicles by 76%, with no change in the rate or total amount of dye release. Interestingly, enhancement did not depend on protein synthesis but did depend on synaptic activity; blocking action potentials during proteasome inhibition abolished the effect whereas increasing neuronal activity accelerated the effect with an increased recycling pool evident after 15 min. We propose that the proteasome acts as a negative-feedback regulator of synaptic transmission, possibly serving a homeostatic role.
What determines the reconnection rate at the dayside magnetosphere

[1] Reconnection between the magnetosphere and magnetosheath at the dayside magnetopause is studied for southward IMF using high-resolution 3-D MHD simulations. The BATSRUS code is run at CCMC with a resistive spot added on the magnetopause to ensure that fast reconnection occurs and to control the reconnection physics. A large range of Mach numbers (1.9–15) are run. The reconnection rate at the nose of the magnetosphere is measured and compared with local plasma parameters and with upstream-solar wind parameters. It is found that the reconnection rate is controlled by four local plasma parameters: Bs (the magnetic field strength in the magnetosheath), Bm (the magnetic field strength in the magnetosphere), ρs (the plasma mass density in the magnetosheath), and ρm (the plasma mass density in the magnetosphere). The Cassak-Shay formula for fast reconnection was tested and found to successfully describe the reconnection rate on the dayside magnetopause. It was found that reconnection itself does not significantly modify the local plasma parameters that control dayside reconnection and argued that reconnection does not significantly alter the flow pattern of the magnetosheath. This means that dayside reconnection is not “driven” in the sense that plasma pileup occurs to change the local parameters to adjust the reconnection rate to balance the driving. A “plasmasphere effect” was observed in the simulations wherein high-density magnetospheric plasma flows into the magnetopause reconnection site and mass loads the reconnection: a spatially localized plume of plasma was observed to locally reduce the reconnection rate by about a factor of 2.
Tissue-engineered microvessels on three-dimensional biodegradable scaffolds using human endothelial progenitor cells.

Tissue engineering may offer patients new options when replacement or repair of an organ is needed. However, most tissues will require a microvascular network to supply oxygen and nutrients. One st...
Incidence of the erythrocytic defect associated with drug-sensitivity among oriental subjects.

IN the past few years a new type of metabolic lesion of the red cell has been elucidated. It was found that sensitivity to the haemolytic action of the 8-aminoquinoline primaquine and many other compounds was due to an intrinsic defect of the red cell1. This defect can be demonstrated in vitro by: (1) incubating the red cells with a solution of acetylphenylhydrazine and observing the pattern of Heinz body formation2, and (2) incubating the red cells with acetylphenylhydrazine or a number of other substances and measuring the level of reduced glutathione after an incubation period of 2 hr. (the glutathione stability test)3, or (3) measuring the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the red cells4.
Artificial neural networks: Foundations and application to a decision problem

Abstract With all the power of von Neumann serial computation, emulation of certain tasks performed routinely by humans has been painfully slow. Perhaps this is because there is evidence that human decision making results from massively parallel computation in the brain. This evidence has generated interest in constructing models of parallel computation which are called artificial neural networks. This paper outlines the fundamental architectures of artificial neural networks, details an artificial neural network which has potentially broad use, and reports on the results of its application to an important accounting problem that has been analyzed by other methods. The results indicate that the neural network model performed well compared to an inductive rule-generating algorithm and logistic regression.
Travel and the social environment: evidence from Alameda County, California

The relationship between travel and the environment has been the subject of much study but the focus has mainly been on the physical and built environment. This ignores a large body of research in sociology showing that social processes are spatially embedded and affect individual behavior. This analysis asks whether the neighborhood social environment - in addition to the built environment - influences children's decision to walk to school in Alameda County, California. The results show that social factors, particularly neighborhood cohesion, do influence the decision to walk particularly when children face trips of less than 1.6 km. These findings provide initial evidence for transportation analysts to broaden their definition of the environment to include social factors.
Measurements of nitrous oxide emissions from light-duty motor vehicles: a pilot study

Abstract Dynamometer testing in conjunction with high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy was used to measure exhaust emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from a fleet of 37 light-duty vehicles at the California Air Resources Board. Exhaust emissions were collected for two driving cycles: the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule and the Unified Cycle. The vehicles studied, including passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, and light-duty trucks, were a sub-sample of a fleet that represented California's in-use fleet. The highest correlation between the emissions of N2O and other vehicle-exhaust species was, as expected, between N2O and nitrogen oxides (r2=0.45). The previously reported impact of catalyst aging on N2O emissions could not be verified by our data. Type of catalyst, driving cycle, and vehicle were demonstrated to be the main factors determining the magnitude of N2O emissions from gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles. The average N2O emissions factor for the 37 vehicles tested was 20±4 mg km−1, with a factor of 50 difference between the lowest (2 mg km−1) and highest (100 mg km−1) N2O emissions. The average value for N2O/NOx emissions ratios was 0.095±0.035, with a factor of 14 difference between the lowest (0.01) and the highest (0.14) ratios.
Smooth indifference sets

Abstract Smoothness of indifference sets is proposed as a weaker notion of smoothness for preference orderings. The usual notion of C r preference orderings is consistent with C r utility representations and C r −1 Marshallian demand functions. Although preferences with indifference sets which are C r manifolds do not possess C r utility representations, in general, many of the usual tools from the analysis of smooth utility functions can still be used, such as marginal rates of substitution. The assumption of smooth indifference sets is consistent with smooth Hicksian demand functions but not smooth Marshallian demand functions.
Flux of silver-carbonate membranes for post-combustion CO2 capture: The effects of membrane thickness, gas concentration and time

Abstract In this paper, we systematically studied the effects of membrane thickness, CO2 concentration, and operating time on the CO2 flux density of an Al2O3-surface-modified and carbon-black-pore-former derived silver-carbonate membrane. It was found that the CO2 transport through a silver-carbonate membrane exhibited a critical thickness of 0.84 mm, below which no flux enhancement could be achieved. The CO2 flux was also observed to be proportional to the difference of ( P CO 2 P O 2 1 / 2 ) at the two reacting surfaces, and not the commonly assumed logarithmic partial pressure difference. The CO2 flux tested against time at 650 °C increased by 200% for the first 160 h, followed by a gradual decrease. At the 326-h marker, the flux was still the same as the original value when the test was started. Overall, the use of carbon black as a pore-former and Al2O3 as a surface modifier for silver-carbonate membranes has been proven effective and necessary to achieve a higher and more stable CO2 flux density.
Accuracy of Diagnostic Procedures: Has It Improved Over the Past Five Decades?

Many clinicians continue to believe that their observations are accurate and are unaware of the need...to reduce error. They think...that roentgen "tests" may be subject to faulty interpretation, but not careful "observation." Not only should clinicians recognize their own errors; they should admit them [1].
Structure and properties of a monomeric copper(II) complex with a N3 tridentate unit containing 2-thio-1-methylimidazole

Le complexe Cu(L) (Me L Im) (PF 6 ) 2 •1/2 C 3 H 6 O, avec L=bis-[(methyl-1' imidazolyl-2' thio-2) ethyl] amine, cristallise dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe P2 1 /c et sa structure est affinee jusqu'a R=0,057. Coordination plane autour de l'atome Cu. Spectres RPE en solution
A shock tube study of recombination in the hydrogen-oxygen reaction using infrared emission from water vapor*

Recombination in the hydrogen-oxygen reaction has been studied by monitoring the growth of infrared emission at 2.7 μ from water vapor formed during the shock-initiated combustion of dilute H2-O2-Ar mixtures. Experiments were carried out with hydrogen/oxygen ratios between 2.2 and 0.33 and temperatures between 1435 and 1868°K. The proportionality between emission intensity and [H2O] was confirmed under these conditions by shocking mixtures of water vapor in argon. In H2-lean mixtures analysis of the recombination emission profiles gave a value for the rate coefficient of the dominant termolecular reaction, H + O2 + Ar → HO2 + Ar (3.0 × 1015 cc2/mole2 sec), that is in good agreement with other shock tube determinations. Profiles in near-stoichiometric mixtures agreed quite well with predictions based on recent ultraviolet absorption measurements of the time dependence of the OH concentration during combustion. These results provide convincing evidence of the validity of the present understanding of recombination in the hydrogen-oxygen reaction.
A Variant of Parallel Plane Sweep Algorithm for Multicore Systems

Parallel algorithms used in Very Large Scale Integration physical design bring significant challenges for their efficient and effective design and implementation. The rectangle intersection problem is a subset of the plane sweep problem, a topic of computational geometry and a component in design rule checking, parasitic resistance-capacitance extraction, and mask processing flows. A variant of a plane sweep algorithm that is embarrassingly parallel and therefore easily scalable on multicore machines and clusters, while exceeding the best-known parallel plane sweep algorithms on real-world tests, is presented in this letter.
The structure of the iron complex in metaquohemerythrin

Abstract The novel binuclear iron complex in metaquohemerythrin is described. One of the two iron atoms is octahedrally coordinated, the other being penta-coordinate. A number of questions concerning the structure of the metal complex in different forms of this nonheme iron oxygen transport protein have been clarified. The structure of the complex presented here differs from that of metazidohemerythrin in that the Fe atom providing the binding locus for azide ion is five-coordinate with no small molecule ligand bound to it. The coordination polyhedron of this Fe is best described as a trigonal bipyramid.
Electrochemical reduction of thymine in dimethyl sulfoxide Autoprotonation of the radical anion and reduced free radical

Abstract Thymine is reduced in dimethyl sulfoxide ( E 1/2 of −2.4 V); the decrease in apparent faradaic n from one at infinite dilution to two-thirds at concentrations above 2 m M is due to proton transfer by thymine to the initially formed radical anion and the anion formed on reduction of the resulting free radical, which is more easily reduced than the parent compound. The proton transfer, which is more rapid than the radical anion dimerization, deactivates part of the thymine, forming the more difficultly reducible conjugate base. The latter forms insoluble mercury salts, producing up to three oxidation waves ( E 1/2 between −0.08 and −0.3 V). The free radical reduction, which is not observed for uracil or 2-hydroxypyr-imidine, occurs due to steric hindrance by the 5-methyl group toward free radical dimerization, thereby increasing the half-life of the free radical. The effect of added base on the electrochemical behavior is described.