cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Valent Organomanganese Chemistry. 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese(III) Aryls

Manganese(III) aryls of stoichiometry Mn(Mes)X 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 (Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) can be prepared by the reaction of MnX 2 (X=Cl, Br, I) with 1/2 equiv of Mg(Mes) 2 (thf) 2 in the presence of PMe 3 followed by oxidation with O 2 . X-ray structure of Mn(Mes)Br 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 . Addition of a further 1/2 equiv of Mg(Mes) 2 (thf) 2 to the monomesityl intermediates gives the manganese (II) diaryl species Mn(Mes) 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 , which has been isolated as a crystalline material. Attempts to prepare Mn III aryls directly from Mn(acac) 3 lead instead to Mn II products such as the o-tolyl complex [Li(tmed) 2 ] 2 [Mn(o-C 6 H 4 Me) 4 ]
Silicon-on-diamond: An advanced silicon-on-insulator technology

Abstract Silicon-on-diamond (SOD) technology is proposed as an advanced alternative to conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. In SOD, the electrical insulator is diamond, the best thermal conductor in nature. In our SOD concept, the diamond film is highly oriented (HOD), 75–100 μm thick and serves as an electrical insulator, heat spreader and substrate. In this paper, we focus on the thermal evaluation of SOD with a Si device layer on the nucleation side of the diamond film. The obtained results indicated that SOD can sustain up to 10-times higher power loads than SOI. The results were experimentally obtained by R(T) measurements of micro-heaters deposited on the Si device layer and by thermal imaging. 3D finite element thermal simulations using ANSYS confirmed that these numbers are in good agreement with expectations.
Cell-nonautonomous function of Id1 in the hematopoietic progenitor cell niche

Development of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their immediate progeny is maintained by the interaction with cells in the microenvironment. We found that hematopoiesis was dysregulated in Id1(-/-) mice. Although the frequency of HSCs in Id1(-/-) bone marrow was increased, their total numbers remained unchanged as the result of decreased bone marrow cellularity. In addition, the ability of Id1(-/-) HSCs to self-renew was normal, suggesting Id1 does not affect HSC function. Id1(-/-) progenitors showed increased cycling in vivo but not in vitro, suggesting cell nonautonomous mechanisms for the increased cycling. Id1(-/-) HSCs developed normally when transplanted into Id1(+/+) mice, whereas the development of Id1(+/+) HSCs was impaired in Id1(-/-) recipients undergoing transplantation and reproduced the hematologic features of Id1(-/-) mice, indicating that the Id1(-/-) microenvironment cannot support normal hematopoietic development. Id1(-/-) stromal cells showed altered production of cytokines in vitro, and cytokine levels were deregulated in vivo, which could account for the Id1(-/-) hematopoietic phenotypes. Thus, Id1 is required for regulating the hematopoietic progenitor cell niche but is dispensable for maintaining HSCs.
Cursive: a novel interaction technique for controlling expressive avatar gesture

We are developing an interaction technique for rich nonverbal communication through an avatar. By writing a single letter on a pen tablet device, a user can express their ideas or intentions, non-verbally, using their avatar body. Our system solves the difficult problem of controlling the movements of a highly articulated, 3D avatar model using a common input device within the context of an office environment. We believe that writing is a richly expressive and natural means for controlling expressive avatar gesture.
EFFECT OF HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE PROCESSING AND AGING ON SARCOPLASMIC PROTEINS OF BEEF STRIP LOINS

This study evaluated the effects of hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) and aging on the sarcoplasmic proteins of beef strip loins. Loins (n = 12) were halved at 48 h postmortem and assigned to HDP or control treatments. Following treatment, each half was divided into three portions for aging (0, 5 or 8 d). Samples were removed for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination and sarcoplasmic protein isolation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis demonstrated that aging significantly influenced the composition of the sarcoplasmic protein fraction and that HDP influenced protein bands corresponding to 143, 65, 44, 36 and 19 kDa. Changes in sarcoplasmic protein composition were significantly correlated to WBSF (r = −0.58 to 0.45). Sarcoplasmic protein solubility decreased with both HDP (P < 0.05) and aging (P < 0.0001). Changes in solubility were significantly correlated to SDS-PAGE band intensities (r = −0.53 to 0.60). Data suggest that HDP and aging cause changes to sarcoplasmic proteins that may be indicators of proteolysis and tenderization. PRACTICAL APLICATIONS Results from this study demonstrate that postmortem aging and hydrodynamic pressure processing of beef influences the sarcoplasmic protein profile of the muscle. The relationships between these changes and Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements suggest that sarcoplasmic protein changes may be potentially useful as tenderness indicators.
ISIS—a knowledge‐based system for factory scheduling

Abstract: Analysis of the job shop scheduling domain has indicated that the crux of the scheduling problem is the determination and satisfaction of a large variety of constraints. Schedules are influenced by such diverse and conflicting factors as due date requirements, cost restrictions, production levels, machine capabilities and substitutability, alternative production processes, order characteristics, resource requirements, and resource availability. This paper describes ISIS, a scheduling system capable of incorporating all relevant constraints in the construction of job shop schedules. We examine both the representation of constraints within ISIS, and the manner in which these constraints are used in conducting a constraint-directed search for an acceptable schedule. The important issues relating to the relaxation of constraints are addressed. Finally, the interactive scheduling facilities provided by ISIS are considered.
Interpreting the data: Antisemitism and Jewish security in the United States 1

L'A. examine certaines dynamiques psychosociales engagees dans la perception de l'antisemitisme. L'antisemitisme aux Etats-Unis constitue une etude de cas interessante en ce qui concerne l'interpretation des donnees. Certains resultats lies a l'antisemitisme americain au milieu des annees 90 appellent a differentes conclusions et jugements sur les donnees disponibles, notamment en ce qui concerne la securite des Juifs. Que savons-nous de l'antisemitisme aux Etat-Unis ? Comment expliquer la perception par la communaute juive d'un antisemitisme croissant, alors que selon un large ensemble de criteres d'evaluation il serait en train de decliner ? Qu'entendent les juifs quand ils affirment que l'antisemitisme est un serieux probleme ? De quoi parlent-ils ? Comment la population juive en generale interprete-t-elle les donnees ? Qu'est-ce que nous ignorons de l'antisemitisme ? Que savons nous de l'antisemitisme de la communaute noire ?
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) Associations and Array Dynamics Probed by Photobleaching and Single-molecule Analysis of Green Fluorescent Protein-AQP4 Chimeras

The plasma membrane assembly of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels into orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) involves interactions of AQP4 N-terminal domains. To study in live cells the site of OAP assembly, the size and dynamics of plasma membrane OAPs, and the heterotetrameric associations of AQP4, we constructed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled AQP4 "long" (M1) and "short" (M23) isoforms in which GFP was inserted at the cytoplasm-facing N or C terminus or between Val-141 and Val-142 in the second extracellular loop of AQP4. The C-terminal and extracellular loop GFP insertions did not interfere with the rapid unrestricted membrane diffusion of GFP-labeled M1 or the restricted diffusion and OAP assembly of GFP-labeled M23. Photobleaching of brefeldin A-treated cells showed comparable and minimally restricted diffusion of M1 and M23, indicating that OAP assembly occurs post-endoplasmic reticulum. Single-molecule step photobleaching and intensity analysis of GFP-labeled M1 in the absence versus presence of excess unlabeled M1 or M23 with an OAP-disrupting mutation indicated heterotetrameric AQP4 association. Time-lapse total internal reflection fluorescence imaging of M23 in live cells at 37 degrees C indicated that OAPs diffuse slowly (D approximately 10(-12) cm(2)/s) and rearrange over tens of minutes. Our biophysical measurements in live cells thus reveal extensive AQP4 monomer-monomer and tetramer-tetramer interactions.
Kraft Lignin-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Abstract Kraft pine lignin was derivatized to a liquid polyol through oxypropylation. The resulting polyol was characterized by GPC, FT-IR, H1, C13, and P31 NMR and was compared to commercial polyols in view of the mechanical property of the corresponding rigid polyurethane foams for the first time. A series of lignin-based PU was synthesized by replacing varying weight percentages of the amount of sucrose polyol and glycerol polyol, two commonly used commercial polyols employed in the control foam preparation. All foams had a low density of ∼30 Kg m−3 and showed typical linkages of PU in the FT-IR spectra. The diameter of closed-cells was ∼650 μm for most of the foams as revealed by SEM images. The optimal compressive property of rigid PU foams was obtained using lignin polyol without the addition of any other commercial polyols primarily attributed to the rigidity of lignin aromatic structure and the high functionality of lignin hydroxyl groups.
English in the Arab Republic of Egypt.

After a review of the history of the English language in Egypt, the forms and functions for English use in contemporary Egypt is examined. While enrollment in English courses continues to grow quickly, and Egyptian English continues to gain ground among members of several professions, English will remain for the most part in what Kachru (1992) calls the ‘Expanding Circle’ of English for the majority of Egyptians. Notable exceptions include university communities, those involved in the large tourist industry, and professionals in Engineering, Business, and Medicine.
Drilling the LibQUAL+® data for strategic planning

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the development of reliable assessment data to support strategic planning among Purdue University Libraries.Design/methodology/approach – A LibQUAL+® survey was designed to enable the data gathered to be drilled down into by subgroup. Radar charts demonstrated both consistent themes as well as differences in use patterns between the different colleges, and between undergraduates, graduates and faculty. Detailed analysis of the resultant data was then used to support the strategic planning process.Findings – Subsequent enquiry among the Strategic Planning Group showed that the survey had had a major impact on the process, which led to scrapping of the first draft of the plan, and greatly informed the second draft.Originality/value – This paper shows the practical applicability of LibQUAL+® data to support strategic planning, replacing hunches and intuitive knowledge about patron opinion with hard facts.
Decreased production of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 associated with inhibition of delta5 desaturation of ω6 fatty acids in mice fed safflower oil diets supplemented with sesamol

The differences in the immune responses in mice fed sesame oil diets and those fed sesamin may be attributed to the presence of other lignans in the non-fat portion of the oil. The fatty acid composition (mean +/- SD mol. %) of liver membrane phospholipids and the levels of endotoxin-induced prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were determined in mice fed diets supplemented with 5% safflower oil (SO) in the absence or presence of 1% sesamol. The levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3omega6) were markedly higher (P<0.025) in the livers from mice fed sesamol supplemented SO diets (1.6 +/- 0.1) compared to the controls (1.4 +/- 0.1). These data suggest that sesamol or its metabolite could inhibit the in vivo delta-5 desaturation of omega6 fatty acids. Further, in animals fed sesamol supplemented SO diets, the levels of PGE2 (228 +/- 41 pg/ml) were markedly lower (P<0.01) compared to those fed SO diet alone (1355 +/- 188 pg/ml). Concomitantly, the concentrations of IL-6 were also lower (P<0.01) in mice fed sesamol diet (63 +/- 11 ng/ml) compared to the controls (143 +/- 22 ng/ml). A marked reduction in the levels of PGE2 in animals fed sesamol diets suggests that sesamol or its metabolite could inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase enzyme.
Integrated Damping Mechanics for Thick Composite Laminates and Plates

A method for predicting the damped dynamic characteristics of thick composite laminates and plates is presented. Unified damping mechanics relate the damping of composite plates to constituent properties, fiber volume ratio, fiber orientation, laminate configuration, plate geometry, temperature, and moisture. Discrete layer damping mechanics for thick laminates, entailing piecewise continuous displacement fields and including the effects of interlaminar shear damping, are described. A semi-analytical method for predicting the modal damping and natural frequencies of thick simply-supported specialty composite plates is included. Applications demonstrate the validity, merit, and ranges of applicability of the new theory. The applications further illustrate the significance of interlaminar shear damping, and investigate the effects of lamination, thickness aspect ratio, fiber content, and temperature.
Maximum height and minimum time vertical jumping.

The performance criterion in maximum vertical jumping has typically been assumed to simply raise the center of mass as high as possible. In many sporting activities minimizing movement time during the jump is likely also critical to successful performance. The purpose of this study was to examine maximum height jumps performed while minimizing jump time. A direct dynamics model was used to examine squat jump performance, with dual performance criteria: maximize jump height and minimize jump time. The muscle model had activation dynamics, force–length, force–velocity properties, and a series of elastic component representing the tendon. The simulations were run in two modes. In Mode 1 the model was placed in a fixed initial position. In Mode 2 the simulation model selected the initial squat configuration as well as the sequence of muscle activations. The inclusion of time as a factor in Mode 1 simulations resulted in a small decrease in jump height and moderate time savings. The improvement in time was mostly accomplished by taking off from a less extended position. In Mode 2 simulations, more substantial time savings could be achieved by beginning the jump in a more upright posture. However, when time was weighted more heavily in these simulations, there was a more substantial reduction in jump height. Future work is needed to examine the implications for countermovement jumping and to examine the possibility of minimizing movement time as part of the control scheme even when the task is to jump maximally.
Age-related differences in basic cognitive processes: implications for work

Negative relationships between age and proficiency in many basic cognitive processes have been well documented in the research literature, and there is also evidence that work performance is positively related to the efficiency of basic cognitive processes. It does not necessarily follow, however, that increased age is a handicap in most occupational situations, because experience may play an important role in moderating the influence of age on work performance. The relationships among age, experience, and performance both in basic cognitive tasks and in more complex work environments are briefly discussed.
Two Second Messengers Mediate Amino Acid Responses in Olfactory Sensory Neurons of the Salamander, Necturus maculosus

Odor transduction mediated by the adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway has been well studied, but it is still uncertain whether this pathway mediates the transduction of all odors in vertebrates. We isolated olfactory sensory neurons from the salamander Necturus maculosus and used calcium imaging with the indicator dye fura-2 to examine olfactory responses elicited by amino acids. The properties of approximately two-thirds of the odor responses suggested they were mediated by the adenylyl cyclase/ cAMP pathway, but one-third of the responses were not mimicked by cAMP analogs nor blocked by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, suggesting that these odor responses were mediated differently. Responses that were unaffected by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase were blocked by neomycin, an inhibitor of phospholipase C, implying that they were transduced by activation of phospholipase C. Some cells which responded to more than one amino acid appeared to employ both pathways, but each was used to transduce different odors. In addition, many responses that were mediated by the adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway were enhanced following inhibition of phospholipase C, suggesting that the phospholipase C pathway has a role not only in odor transduction, but also in the modulation of olfactory responses.
CREB transcription factor modulates Bcl2 transcription in response to C5a in HL-60-derived neutrophils.

Background Complement fragment C5a and neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disease and C5a has also been shown to delay apoptosis of human neutrophils via a transcription-independent pathway. However, transcription-dependent pathways have not been well described. The present study examined whether activation of HL-60-derived neutrophils by C5a modulates the transcription of two members of the Bcl2 family, Bax (pro-apoptotic) and Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic) molecules, and whether the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor mediates these effects through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathways. Materials and methods The human promyelocytic leukaemia HL-60 cell line was differentiated into neutrophils using 1·25% DMSO. Differentiated cells were incubated with recombinant human C5a for 30–120 min with, or without, pretreatment with wortmannin or PD98059. The cells were lysed and quantified for gene-specific Bax and Bcl2 mRNA. In separate experiments, cells were incubated with C5a for 5–30 min with, or without, pretreatment with wortmannin, PD98059, or alkaline phosphatase. Cells were then lysed and immunoblotted using antihuman phospho-CREB (Ser133) antibody. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring active caspase-3 in differentiated HL-60 cells. Results C5a inhibited caspase-3 activation in HL-60-derived neutrophils (P = 0·003). C5a significantly increased the expression of Bcl2 mRNA (P = 0·028), which was time-dependent, peaking at 30 min, and was abrogated in the presence of either wortmannin or PD98059 (both P = 0·028). The C5a had no impact on Bax mRNA expression. The Bax : Bcl2 mRNA ratio markedly decreased at 30 min (P = 0·028). Time-dependent effect of C5a on CREB phosphorylation was demonstrable and rapid, peaking at 5 min, and was abrogated by either wortmannin or PD98059 (both P = 0·028). Phosphorylation of CREB, but not of Akt and ERK, was inhibited by alkaline phosphatase (P = 0·028). The effect of C5a on Bcl2 mRNA expression was abrogated by alkaline phosphatase (P = 0·028). The Bax : Bcl2 mRNA ratio markedly increased in the presence of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0·046). Conclusions This study demonstrates that C5a induces Bcl2 mRNA transcription in HL-60-derived neutrophils, which is mediated in part by CREB through the convergence of the PI3K/Akt and ERK-signalling pathways.
Turbulent mixing in a confined rectangular wake

Liquid-phase turbulent transport in a confined rectangular wake was investigated for a Reynolds number of 37,500 based on bulk velocity and the hydraulic diameter of the test section and a Schmidt number of 1250 using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). The velocity and concentration field data were analyzed for flow statistics such as the mean velocity, Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate, mixture-fraction mean, mixture-fraction variance and one-point composition probability density functions (PDF). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, including a two-layer k– turbulence model, a scalar gradient-diffusion model and a scalar dissipation rate model were validated against PIV and PLIF data collected at six downstream locations. Low-Reynoldsnumber effects on turbulent transport were taken into consideration through the mechanical-to-scalar time-scale ratio. The experimental and computational results were found to be in satisfactory agreement. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A variable-redundancy hybrid ARQ scheme using invertible convolutional codes

Nonstationary channels (e.g., digital mobile communication channels) require adaptive error control schemes for reliable communication. On these channels, a particular transmission may encounter no errors. Hence, it is desirable to split an encoded sequence into subsequences that are sent in successive transmissions such that each subsequence contains all the information necessary to recover the original message in case of no errors. When errors are present, the subsequences are combined to perform error correction. We show that invertible convolutional codes have this property, and can be used to provide incremental redundancy in a variable-redundancy hybrid ARQ (VR-HARQ) scheme. Invertible convolutional codes provide an alternative to polynomial division otherwise required to extract the original message in convolutional VR-HARQ schemes. >
Raman Micro‐Spectroscopy of Polytype and Structural Changes in 6H‐Silicon Carbide due to Machining

SiC is an important structural ceramic with many polytypes that differ by the stacking of their crystal planes. Machining mechanically deforms the structure giving stacking faults and different polytypes. This can lead to inferior performance and an increased risk of failure. Raman micro-spectroscopy with different wavelengths, in confocal and normal settings, was used to quantify machining damage. Changes in the ratio of characteristic peaks, peak intensities versus peak positions, and additional Raman peaks were found. These are due to statistical increases in stacking faults and new phases (4H and 3C). The damage is found to extend several micrometer subsurfaces.
Octal-Site EVM Tests for WLAN Transceivers on "Very" Low-Cost ATE Platforms

Present day needs of RF IC manufactures for EVM tests in production testing from engineering and customer perspectives strongly demands massive parallel testing. This paper presents an industry development and deployment approach of octal-site, OFDM based broadband EVM tests on low-cost ATE platforms. Results obtained from an octal-site EVM solution for a WLAN transceiver is presented to validate the approach. The effects of repeatability and isolation of these tests in multi-site configuration are discussed. Also, a study of test time and test cost is presented to justify deployment of these tests in production.
Chromatographic studies of vanadium compounds from boscan crude oil

Abstract For the first time, vandium nonporphyrins have been fractionated. Using graphite furnace atomic absorption, the signal for vanadium was found to follow the UV absorption of the chromatogram. In addition, a simpler, faster procedure has been devised to isolate a vanadium porphyrin fraction that was more nearly free from both vanadium nonporphyrins and nickel porphyrins. Pyrolysis/GC with both the flame photometric (sulfur) detector and the flame ionization detector gave evidence for a variety of sulfur species in both the porphyrin and nonporphyrin fractions.
Ovipositional preferences, damage thresholds, and detection of the tomato-potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on selected tomato accessions.

The tomato–potato psyllid Bactericera [Paratrioza] cockerelli (Sulc) has recently caused losses exceeding 50% on fresh market tomatoes in California and Baja, Mexico by injecting a toxin that results in a condition known as ‘psyllid yellows’. The objectives of this study were to: (i) document oviposition preferences on a range of tomato cultivars; (ii) determine threshold levels for psyllid densities that would cause psyllid yellows on tomatoes within the first three weeks following transplanting; and (iii) identify the most important ‘psyllid yellows’ symptoms that might be used in surveying and monitoring for this pest. Plant lines tested included the commonly-planted commercial cultivars ‘Shady Lady’ and ‘QualiT 21’, an older, previously commercial cultivar ‘7718 VFN’, a common cultivar planted by consumers ‘Yellow Pear’, and a wild type plant accession, PI 134417. When given a choice, psyllids significantly preferred ‘Yellow Pear’ and avoided PI 134417 for oviposition. Under no-choice conditions psyllids laid significantly fewer eggs on PI 134417, but all the other plant lines were equally good substrates for laying eggs. Thus, oviposition preference is not likely to provide a functional management strategy in large plantings. On ‘Shady Lady’, psyllids preferred to oviposit on plants already infested with adults. On both ‘Shady Lady’ and ‘7718 VFN’ oviposition was significantly greater on plants previously infested by nymphs as compared to uninfested control plants. This suggests that, at least for some cultivars, there is a physiological change in plant attractiveness following psyllid feeding. ‘Yellow Pear’ and ‘QualiT 21’ were relatively tolerant of psyllids, requiring 18 nymphs per plant to produce the disease symptoms. Only eight nymphs per plant were needed on ‘Shady Lady’ and ‘7718 VFN’. For all cultivars, the pest density showed strong correlations with measurements such as the number of yellowing leaves and leaflets and distorted leaves, which were as good as or better than the first factor extracted from principal component analysis. Therefore, such measurements have the potential to simplify field surveys.
Autogenous fibular graft and silicone implant arthroplasty following resection of giant cell tumor of the metacarpal: A report of two cases

Two cases of reconstruction after resection of giant cell tumor of the distal metacarpal are reported in which reconstruction was achieved with a nonvascularized fibular autograft and silicone metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty. At 2-year and 1-year follow-up evaluation, respectively, the patients were found to be doing well. This method of reconstruction appears reliable and presents the possibility for vascularized reconstruction if that is thought necessary.
Therapeutic targeting in the estrogen receptor hormonal pathway

Estrogens work along with genetic changes to promote the development and growth of breast cancers. Because estrogenic hormones act via the estrogen receptors (ERs), ER-alpha and ER-beta, and the ER is present in more than half of breast tumors, this receptor has been the most widely targeted protein in breast cancer therapy. The presence of the ER in breast tumors predicts improved disease-free survival and response to selective ER modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, or other forms of endocrine therapy. Suppression of ER activity by SERMs has proven to be a great benefit in the treatment of breast cancers and also in the prevention of breast cancer in women at high risk for the disease. The Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene trial comparing tamoxifen versus raloxifene effectiveness in breast cancer prevention is currently under way. To understand the balance of beneficial and undesirable effects of SERMs and to optimize their effectiveness, current investigations seek to characterize the genes activated or suppressed by these agents. Elucidation of the gene networks and cell signaling pathways under estrogen and SERM regulation and a clearer definition of the respective roles of ER-alpha and ER-beta and their coregulators in the actions of selective ER ligands, should enable the identification of new gene targets for therapeutic intervention and the development of novel drugs for the optimal treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
A Multiyear National Profile of Racial Disparity in Autism Identification

Disproportionate representation of racially diverse students in special education is a well-documented problem, yet few studies have systematically evaluated disproportionate representation of diverse students with autism. This study examined disproportionate representation of racially diverse students with autism by determining risk and logistical odds ratios among racially diverse and White students from the national population between 1998 and 2006. Although overall risk of autism increased for all racial groups every year, White students were twice as likely to be identified with autism as Hispanic and American Indian/Alaskan Native students during most years of the sample. Although initially overrepresented, the odds ratios for Asian/Pacific Islander and Black students with autism continuously declined in recent years. Hispanic and American Indian/Alaskan Native students were significantly underrepresented every year in the analysis. Potential cause and implications of underrepresentation are describ...
A theory and an algorithm for analog circuit fault diagnosis

A theory for the study of the analog circuit fault diagnosis problem is developed. Sufficient conditions are presented such that the value of each of the network elements is uniquely determinable from the network's behavior as seen from its external terminals. It is shown how one can determine-considering only the circuit's topology-whether or not it is possible to compute the element values of a resistive network from the test-terminal measurements, before going through the process of actually attempting to solve for element values. The implications of the results are discussed when applied to networks containing solid-state devices such as diodes and transistors. Finally, an algorithm for the actual computation of the element values is proposed and its global convergence is proved. Furthermore, several examples are included to illustrate the applications of the theory developed in this paper.
Decline in Functional Performance Predicts Later Increased Mobility Loss and Mortality in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Objectives We hypothesized that a greater 2-year decline in office-based functional performance measures would be associated with greater mobility loss and mortality in people with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Background Associations of decline in functional performance with clinically important outcomes in patients with PAD are unknown. Methods A total of 440 men and women with PAD completed the 6-min walk test and measures of walking velocity at baseline and annually for 2 years. Participants were categorized into tertiles according to their functional decline between baseline and 2-year follow-up and were followed annually after the functional change assessment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess relations between the 2-year change in functional performance with later mortality and mobility loss, with adjustments for age, sex, race, ankle brachial index, comorbidities, and other confounders. Results A total of 102 participants (23.2%) died during a median follow-up of 44.5 months after functional change was assessed. Of 319 participants without baseline mobility disability, 60 (18.8%) developed mobility loss after functional change was assessed. Participants in the tertile with the greatest 6-min walk decline had the highest subsequent mobility loss (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56 to 7.85; p = 0.002), all-cause mortality (HR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.64; p = 0.004), and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.54; p = 0.031), compared with those with the smallest 6-min walk decline. Greater declines in fastest-paced 4-m walking velocity were associated with higher mobility loss (p trend = 0.018), all-cause mortality (p trend = 0.01), and cardiovascular mortality (p trend = 0.004). Conclusions Participants with PAD with declining functional performance are at increased risk for later mobility loss and mortality.
Immunoglobulins on Cultured Human Lymphocytes

Established, long-term cultured human T-lymphocytes were examined for the presence of cell surface immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G. Cells of the T-cell line, MOLT-4F, and of the B-cell line, RPMI 8392, were labeled with 125-iodine by the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed method. The labeled cells were lysed with 0.5% Triton X-100 and the lysates were further treated with 5% Triton X-100. For the IgM determination, a known monoclonal IgM protein labeled with 131-iodine was added to the supernatant as an internal reference standard and the mixture then treated with goat anti-human v chain antiserum and subsequently by sheep anti-goat γG antiserum. The immunoprecipitates were reduced and alkylated and examined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. No μ or L chains were detected in the T-cell lysates. Only lysates from the B cells showed significant peaks of 125-iodine radioactivity corresponding to the 131-iodine labeled μ and L chains. Similar experiments were carried ou...
The fate of embryonic tissue implanted in the mother

The following experiments were done primarily to ascertain whether there exists, specific to the pregnant animal, a substance favoring the growth of embryonic tissue.Many pregnant white mice were hysterectomized (leaving the ovaries in situ), and a measured portion of the hashed embryo implanted through a needle subcutaneously. The animals showed themselves only slightly susceptible to infection at operation, and in the great majority the laparotomy wound healed promptly and the general health remained good. It was found that the embryonic tissue grows profusely when implanted in the mother, yet not better than in certain unoperated, alien hosts. No evidence of a favoring substance specific to the pregnant animal was obtained.In a number of experiments two mice were hysterectomized, and separate grafts of the hashed embryo from each were made in both, using the subcutaneous tissue of the flanks as the site of implantation. In general the embryonic material grew better in the animal that had furnished it,—...
Modeling and control of tissue compression and temperature for automation in robot-assisted surgery

Robotic surgery is being used widely due to its various benefits that includes reduced patient trauma and increased dexterity and ergonomics for the operating surgeon. Making the whole or part of the surgical procedure autonomous increases patient safety and will enable the robotic surgery platform to be used in telesurgery. In this work, an Electrosurgery procedure that involves tissue compression and application of heat such as the coaptic vessel closure has been automated. A MIMO nonlinear model characterizing the tissue stiffness and conductance under compression was feedback linearized and tuned PID controllers were used to control the system to achieve both the displacement and temperature constraints. A reference input for both the constraints were chosen as a ramp and hold trajectory which reflect the real constraints that exist in an actual surgical procedure. Our simulations showed that the controllers successfully tracked the reference trajectories with minimal deviation and in finite time horizon. The MIMO system with controllers developed in this work can be used to drive a surgical robot autonomously and perform electrosurgical procedures such as coaptic vessel closures.
Antithrombotic effects of naturally derived products on coagulation and platelet function

To date, there have been few systematic studies of the antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant effects of natural products. According to the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, approximately 180 dietary supplements have the potential to interact with warfarin, and more than 120 may interact with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole. These include anise and dong quai (anticoagulant effects); omega 3-fatty acids in fish oil, ajoene in garlic, ginger, ginko, and vitamin E (antiplatelet properties); fucus (heparin-like activity); danshen (antithrombin III-like activity and anticoagulant bioavailability); and St. John's Wort and American Ginseng (interference with drug metabolism). Other supplements, such as high doses of vitamin E (vitamin K antagonist activity), alfalfa (high-vitamin K content), and coenzyme Q10 (vitamin K-like activity), may affect blood clotting, which is dependent on vitamin K. Studies are needed to understand the role of various dietary supplements in thrombosis and their interactions with standard anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.
The Laboratory Crisis: A State Shows It Can Be Overcome

California is uniquely free of the shortage of well-trained clinical laboratory technologists that currently prevails elsewhere in the nation. Yet its standards for both laboratory personnel and laboratory performance are the country's highest. This article reviews the 40-year voluntary and continuing effort that underlies this achievement.
AIDS education for health care professionals in an organizational or systems context.

Abstract Traditionally, health education for practicing health professionals, as well as members of the public, focuses on the individual and relies on changing personal behavior. However, health care for persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and members of their families, mainly is delivered within health and human services organizations. Providing AIDS education for health care professionals in an organizational or systems context shifts the focus from the individual to the group and from changing a person's behavior to offering health care professionals opportunities for interaction. In an organizational or systems approach, they can address patient care issues collectively, share interdisciplinary knowledge, identify problems of common concern, plan coordinated and integrated responses, and provide mutual support. A strategy for planning AIDS education is proposed for key administrators, supervisors, and care providers, who are the gatekeepers, opinion makers, and role models of organizations. Addressing organizational, community, and health care delivery system issues as part of an education program provides a forum for defining problems and a basis for uniting professionals and developing solutions.
Celiac Artery Aneurysms: A Case Report and Review of the Literature:

Celiac artery aneurysms (CAA) are uncommon. Most are asymptomatic, but up to 20 per cent will present as surgical emergencies. We present a case of an asymptomatic CAA discovered in a 56-year-old male during evaluation for nephrolithiasis. Only rough estimates of the prevalence of CAA are available, ranging between 0.005 per cent and 0.05 per cent. There appears to be a slight male predominance, and atherosclerotic degeneration is the most common cause. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some will present with vague abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or symptoms of mesenteric ischemia. Rupture is a devastating presentation, with reported mortality rates from 35 per cent to 80 per cent. Repair is performed by ligation or reconstruction. Ligation should be considered in an urgent setting, with reconstruction preferred for elective repair. Morbidity and mortality from elective repair should not exceed 5 per cent. Repair of CAA should be undertaken unless major comorbid factors are prohibitive.
Effects of Hydrogel Stiffness and Extracellular Compositions on Modulating Cartilage Regeneration by Mixed Populations of Stem Cells and Chondrocytes In Vivo

Cell-based therapies offer great promise for repairing cartilage. Previous strategies often involved using a single cell population such as stem cells or chondrocytes. A mixed cell population may offer an alternative strategy for cartilage regeneration while overcoming donor scarcity. We have recently reported that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can catalyze neocartilage formation by neonatal chondrocytes (NChons) when mixed co-cultured in 3D hydrogels in vitro. However, it remains unknown how the biochemical and mechanical cues of hydrogels modulate cartilage formation by mixed cell populations in vivo. The present study seeks to answer this question by co-encapsulating ADSCs and NChons in 3D hydrogels with tunable stiffness (∼1–33 kPa) and biochemical cues, and evaluating cartilage formation in vivo using a mouse subcutaneous model. Three extracellular matrix molecules were examined, including chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and heparan sulfate (HS). Our results showed that the type ...
SUICIDE IN MICRONESIA: THE 1920s AND 1930s

In recent years several studies on suicide in Micronesia from 1960 to the early 1980s have been published. What follows is an attempt to broaden the perspective on suicide in Micronesia by presenting data on this phenomenon from the 1920s and 1930s when the area was governed by Japan under the auspices of the League of Nations. Shortly after World War I began in Europe, Japan capitalized on being a signatory to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1911 by joining the Allied powers in the war against Germany. During 3-14 October 1914 the Japanese navy occupied the main islands in the Marianas, Marshalls, and Carolines--at the time under German control--and maintained a physical presence in them for the next seven years. In 1922 the islands were officially placed under Tokyo’s jurisdiction as a Class C mandate. For administrative purposes the mandate was divided into six districts. The districts (and the principal islands and atolls in each) were Saipan (Saipan, Tinian, Rota); Yap (Yap, Fais); Palau (Babelthuap, Koror, Peleliu, Angaur); Truk (Truk, Hall Islands, Nama, Losap atoll, Namoluk atoll, Lower Mortlocks, Puluwat, Tamatan, Ulul); Ponape (Ponape, Kusaie); and Jaluit (Jaluit, Majuro). The sources of the data presented here are the annual reports of the South Seas Bureau, the agency responsible for governing the islands. The first of these reports, which appeared in October 1927, covered the combined years 1922-1927. Subsequent reports were annual and covered the years 1928 through 1939. It should be noted that these data have some significant limitations.
Anatomy of the Medial Cord and Its Branches

The medial cord is one of the main branches of the brachial plexus. It has several important components that are crucial for proper shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand function. This chapter describes the anatomy of the medial cord, its branches, and potential sites of injury to these peripheral nerves.
Unix and z/OS

Publisher Summary Mainframes continue to be used in applications where superior Input/Output (I/O) is essential. The cultures of Unix and Windows dominate information technology, and mainframe systems programmers have become isolated with concepts that belong to the mainframe environments. In Unix, users have traditionally interacted with the systems through a command line interpreter called a shell. This is still the most powerful interface to many system services, though today Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) are growing in popularity for many tasks. A Unix file does not have a common internal structure, from an operating systems point of view. The file is just a sequence of bytes. The internal structure is organized by the application or the user. Mainframes have traditionally been used mainly for hosting big databases, transaction handling, and for batch processing. The current line of System z mainframes has generally become much more function rich and versatile compared to its predecessors. It is capable of hosting almost any kind of services running under z/OS. Linux is the fastest growing server operating system, and one of Linux's big strengths is platform interdependency. It runs on all kinds of processors, from small embedded computers to big mainframe installations.
Regulation of Divalent Metal-Ion Transporter-1 Expression and Function

Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is highly relevant to mineral homeostasis because it potentially transports multiple metal ions, including Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , VO 2+ (vanadyl), Zn 2+ , Cu 1+ , Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ . The first six ions have physiological relevance; the last three have pathological relevance. DMT1 is a major cellular importer of ferrous ions, both nutritionally and in trafficking. In trafficking it can assist in iron export from the endosome to the mitochondrion during the transferrin cycle and handle iron independent of transferrin. The extent to which it handles other metal ions nutritionally or in trafficking is still uncertain, although it is clear that DMT1 does transport Mn. DMT1 also appears to be involved in sequestering iron to withhold it from infectious species and manage reactive oxygen species. There are four major isoforms defined by transcripts starting at two different promoters and poly-adenylated in two different exons. These result in proteins sharing a common core but distinct in their N- and C-termini. DMT1 expression is highly regulated at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and via DMT1 turnover. The isoforms are regulated independently at each of these levels. The occurrence of four isoforms likely reflects employment of DMT1 for differing functions with one isoform specializing in nutritional import in the duodenum. Other isoforms may contribute more to hiding iron from infecting microorganisms or iron distribution by the transferrin cycle.
Tritium-labelled alkaloids: Synthesis and applications

This review discusses the synthetic methods used to tritiate nonmorphinan alkaloids as well as their applications.
Sensitivity of Two Stress Wave-Based Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Slabs

AbstractAmong several nondestructive testing methods, impact echo (IE) and ultrasonic surface waves (USW) have shown promising results for performance monitoring and condition assessment of concret...
Perceived Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: Perspectives of Buprenorphine Prescribers

ABSTRACTThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been heralded as a major policy change that is expected to transform the delivery of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Few studies have reported on the perceived impacts of ACA from the perspectives of SUD treatment providers, such as physicians who prescribe buprenorphine to patients with opioid use disorder. The present study describes buprenorphine prescribers’ perceptions regarding impacts of the ACA on the delivery of buprenorphine and examines whether state-level approaches to implementing ACA are associated with its perceived impacts. Data are drawn from a national sample of current buprenorphine prescribers (n = 1,174) who were surveyed by mail. On average, buprenorphine prescribers reported ambivalence regarding the impacts of the ACA, as indicated by a mean of 2.75 (SD = 0.69) on a scale that ranged from 1 (“strongly disagree”) to 5 (“strongly agree”). A multi-level mixed-effects regression model indicated that physicians practicing in states that ...
Social Media as Everyday Practice: Reflections on Multiplicitous ~ Becoming ~ Activist

Highlighting my own daily social media practices as an example, I will unpack the various tensions and possibilities associated with being a scholar and social media activist as everyday practice. In what I refer to as multiplicitous~ becoming~activist, I harness ideas from Luis Urrieta, Jr. to challenge notions of social justice and activism identities as static, but rather as active processes that can and should be enacted within distributed social media spaces.