cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Device-transparent network-layer handoff for micro-mobility

An emerging class of applications for enterprise wireless LANs (WLAN) is voice over IP (VoIP) applications, which impose a stringent requirement on end-to-end delay. Because access points on an enterprise WLAN tend to be associated with different IP subnets, support for network-layer handoff is indispensable. Moreover, the handoff frequency is expected to be much higher for WLANs than for cellular networks because the coverage of a WLAN access point is much smaller. Although mobile IP is a mature solution to the network-layer handoff problem, no known mobile IP implementation on IEEE 802.11 WLANs can reduce the handoff latency below 100 msec, a nominal requirement for VoIP applications. This paper describes a novel Ethernet-over-IP overlay network architecture that completely does away with network-layer handoff, and thus reduces the end-to-end handoff delay to that of link-layer handoff, which is supported by WLAN hardware directly. In addition, the proposed wireless overlay network (WON) architecture, which has been implemented in a commercial WLAN access point, represents the first mobility solution that allows a mobile device to maintain its network connections while roaming across different IP subnets without requiring any modification on the mobile device. As a result, the proposed architecture can automatically provide seamless network-layer handoff to a wide variety of mobile devices (such as PDA, portable, cell phone) running on different operating systems, as long as they are equipped with 802.11 network interface.
When God Talks Back: Summary and Commentary for Psychologists of Religion

This article is a review of T. M. Luhrmann’s When God Talks Back: Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God. I engage the book from the perspective of psychology of religion and suggest that the book will be of interest to psychologists of religion for three reasons: (1) psychologists of religion have emphasized the importance of “context” and “culture” in recent decades, and Luhrmann, writing as an anthropologist, offers a model for how psychologists of religion or psychological anthropologists with an interest in religion might attend to context and to culture; (2) the book offers new data about an understudied group or denomination of American Christianity, the Vineyard Christian Fellowship; and (3) the book is distinctive in its analysis in that it offers a reductive yet sympathetic and adaptive interpretation of American evangelical religious experience. To the extent that pastoral theologians are interested in psychology of religion, they will find this book of interest as well. Some limitations of the book are also noted.
Emotional Face Identification in Youths With Primary Bipolar Disorder or Primary Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective Bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often comorbid or confounded; therefore, we evaluated emotional face identification to better understand brain/behavior interactions in children and adolescents with either primary BD, primary ADHD, or typically developing controls (TDC). Method Participants included individuals 7 to 17 years of age (overall sample mean age 12.40 ± 3.01 years), with "narrow-phenotype" pediatric BD (n = 30) or ADHD (n = 38), or typically developing controls (TDC) with no psychiatric disorders themselves or in their first-degree relatives (n = 41). In the BD group, comorbid diagnoses were allowed; however, youth in the ADHD group were excluded for comorbid mood or anxiety disorders. Patient groups were not excluded for psychotropic medication use. Emotional face identification was assessed using the computerized Diagnostic Analysis of Non-Verbal Accuracy (DANVA). Results Participants with BD made significantly more identification errors on child happy faces than either TDCs ( p = .03) or participants with ADHD ( p = .01). Furthermore, youth with BD (0.33 ± 0.55) were more likely than youth with ADHD (0.11 ± 0.31) to make errors on low-intensity child happy faces ( p = .05) but not high-intensity happy faces ( p = NS). Participants with BD and ADHD made significantly more total errors in child face labeling than did TDCs, although participants with BD and ADHD did not differ from one another. Conclusion Our data suggest that youths with BD have specific alterations in emotional face identification of happy faces, an important finding that supports theories that response to positively valenced emotional stimuli may be especially salient in BD. Clinical trial registration information—Brain Imaging and Computer Games in Children With Either Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, Anxiety or Healthy Controls (BBPP); http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01570426.
Series and parallel reductions for the Tutte polynomial

Abstract We discuss reducing the number of steps involved in computing the Tutte polynomial of a matroid by using series and parallel reductions in conjunction with the usual deletion and contraction operations.
Serpentine Proteins Slither into the Wingless and Hedgehog Fields

Recent progress in our understanding of both Wg and Hh signaling has led to sophisticated working models of their molecular mechanisms of signaling (see Figure 1Figure 1 and Figure 2Figure 2). These new findings are the result of the fruitful combination of information gained from both genetic and biochemical approaches. The next steps to be taken should test whether the predictions made from the genetics hold true following biochemical analyses. Reciprocally, biochemical interactions identified between specific molecules need to be validated in vivo.Figure 1Wg Signaling PathwaySee text for details.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint SlideFigure 2Hh Signaling PathwaySee text for details, as well as reviews by Perrimon 1995xPerrimon, N. Cell. 1995; 80: 517–520Abstract | Full Text PDF | Scopus (135)See all ReferencesPerrimon 1995 and Ingham 1995xIngham, P.W. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1995; 5: 492–498Crossref | Scopus (93)See all ReferencesIngham 1995.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Mouse transmembrane BAX inhibitor Motif 3 (Tmbim3) encodes a 38 kDa transmembrane protein expressed in the central nervous system

Cell survival proteins play an important role throughout nervous system development, normal physiological processes, and pathological conditions. Transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif 3 (TMBIM3, also known as GRINA), is a member of a family of proteins that contain a conserved BAX inhibitor-1 motif. This family of proteins includes several members that have been shown to protect cells from apoptosis. In this study, the authors show that TMBIM3 is expressed in the brain including high levels in the hippocampus. Biochemical and sequence analysis of TMBIM3 demonstrates that the rat, murine, and human genes encode an approximately 38 kDa protein with a predicted seven transmembrane domain topology. A Tmbim3 knockout mouse line did not have an obvious phenotype, but may prove useful in future studies of this family of proteins.
Team Production Effects on Earnings

Abstract The effects of team production on earnings is examined using the 1973 Quality of Employment Survey. I find that the earnings of nonunion workers are positively related to (i) team size, (ii) the extent to which supervisors encourage team work, and (iii) the helpfulness of members of the team. These results are robust to controls for establishment size, characteristics of the worker, and both industry and occupation.
Relating to Children: Gays as Role Models

Within the framework that same-sex sexual preference can be a positive outcome, the developmental aspects of sexual identity are traced. It seems that gender identity is fixed in early childhood, rigid sex-role identity has questionable effects while more flexibility in sex-role behaviors has definite advantages, and sexual preference choices continue to evolve throughout one's lifetime. A review of the literature on role modeling leads to the conclusions that children internalize particular traits from a variety of models, and that gays are more likely to serve as nontraditional sex-role models than as determiners of same-sex sexual preference.
Computer simulation of thyroid assay.

Abstract A computer simulation program was used to compare various techniques the assay of thyroid function to see which most closely reflected changes in the secretion rate of the thyroid hormone. The rate of radioiodine release from the thyroid gland was the most sensitive and least confounded by other parameters of iodine metabolism. Blood protein-bound iodine should closely parallel the thyroixine secretion rate, but it is subject to interference from the dietary level of stable iodine. The uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid gland was confounded by many nonthyroidal parameters, primarily excretion. Simulation of the rate of disappearance of injected radiothyroxine indicated that it is a sensitive indicator of thyroid function only if hormone excretion is constant.
Solid-state NMR studies of silanol groups in mildly and highly dealuminated faujasites

Abstract Experimental evidence for two different aluminum-bonded silanol species, SI(OSi)(OAl)2OH and Si(OSi)2(OAl)OH, in a mildly dealuminated faujasite is presented. A sample of a low unit cell size ( Si Al =4.1 ) templated Y zeolite was prepared for this study to minimize interferences from framework structures highly-coordinated to aluminum, such as Si(OSi)(OAl)3 and Si(OAl)4. Bonding of the silicon to OH groups was observed by 1H/29Si cross-polarization/magic-angle-spinning NMR experiments, while bonding of silicon to aluminum was observed by 29Si/27Al dipolar-dephasing-difference NMR experiments. The newly identified sites are of interest because these aluminum-bonded silanol sites may dehydrate to form strong Bronsted or Lewis acid sites and thus change the activity of the zeolite in FCC catalysts. Strong Lewis acid sites have been implicated as a source of enhanced cracking activity for mildly dealuminated samples of both ZSM-5 and faujasite in previous studies. As an extension of these studies, the structure of a highly dealuminated faujasite by solid-state 29Si NMR methods was also examined. Our purpose is to resolve conflicting chemical shift assignments in the literature. Based on the results of a variable-contact-time 1H/29Si cross-polarization experiment, new signals with chemical shifts of −102 and −104 ppm are assigned to silicon atoms that are directly connected through bridging oxygen atoms to silicon atoms in silanol groups.
A fast procedure for generating exponential random variables

A very fast method for generating exponential random variables in a digital computer is outlined.
Classically conditioned heart rate in rats following preconditioning exposure to the CS

The influence of preexposure to the CS on classically conditioned heart rate was examined in three groups of rats receiving either 0, 10, or 50 CS-alone trials prior to the beginning of acquisition training. The conditioned response was a deceleration in heart rate for all groups. Compared to the 50 group, the 0 and 10 groups both showed a lower overall level of conditioning performance and a slower rate of development of the conditioned response. It was suggested that the presence of the nonhabituated orienting response may have interfered with the conditioning process.
Test-retest reliability and factor stability of the behavioral evaluation for epidemiology studies test battery.

The Behavioral Evaluation for Epidemiology Studies test battery uses touch-screen technology and novel methodologies to enhance neurobehavioral assessment. Scores generally show differential stability from the first trial with individual test reliabilities at or above .80 when normalized to a 3-min. administration. Six highly reliable (r > or = .87) factors were identified that cover functions known to be sensitive to neurotoxicants and physical exposures. These results strongly support recommendation of the new test battery for use in repeated-measures epidemiologic studies where first trial stability is desired.
Jovian magnetic models and the polarization angle of Jovian decimetric radiation

A comparative study of the direction of linear polarization of Jovian decimetric (synchrotron) radiation as measured astronomically and as determined from a model of the inner Jovian magnetosphere is discussed. It is noted that the model depicts the radiation as coming from rings of relativistic electrons in the Jovimagnetic equator at varying radial distances from the center of the planet. The equator is determined through each of two magnetic representations - the O4 model of Acuna and Ness (1976) and the P10-11 model of Smith et al. (1976) - derived from in situ Pioneer magnetometer measurements. Deviations from a (planar) dipole equator are found to occur at nearly all longitudes in both models; no evidence is found for a longitudinally localized magnetic anomaly.
The relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes

Although nearly one-third of older diabetics are cognitively impaired, their diabetes management remains poorly understood. To examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional observational analysis. 1,398 persons with diabetes, aged 60 years or older, who responded to the 2003 Health and Retirement Study Diabetes Survey. We conducted logistic regressions on the effects of cognitive impairment on respondents’ self-management ability after controlling for diabetes comorbidities, demographics, and clinical characteristics. Participants with greater cognitive impairment were less likely to adhere to exercise (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] = 0.725 and 0.712 for moderate and severe cognitive impairment, both P < 0.05), and to diet (AOR = 0.906 and 0.618 for moderate and severe cognitive impairment, both P < 0.01). Cognitive impairment is associated with worse self-care and may pose challenges to diabetic older persons, notably in diet and exercise. Cognitive screening may be indicated in this high risk group.
Influence of plasmids carrying the lexA gene on DNA repair and related processes in Escherichia coli K-12.

Plasmid pLC44-14 from the Clarke and Carbon collection has been shown to carry the lexA gene. The presence of lexA was demonstrated by complementation of tsl mutants which lie close to lexA on the E. coli K-12 linkage map and are probably in the lexA gene, and by crossing the dominant lexA mutation on to pLC44-14 to produce a recombinant plasmid, pSEl, which gave the host cell the properties of a lexA mutant. The lexA gene has been cloned on to pBR322 (Little, 1980). pJL21, which carries the lexA + gene, rendered the host cell moderately sensitive to UV light, greatly reduced the extent of Weigle reactivation and mutagenesis of UV-irradiated phage λ, and inhibited induction of protein X by either UV light or nalidixic acid. A similar plasmid carrying a mutant lexA3 allele produced extreme sensitivity to UV light, reduced recombinant production 10 to 50-fold following Hfr x F− conjugation crosses, and otherwise mimicked the effects of pJL21. Introduction of an amber mutation into the lexA gene carried by the plasmid greatly reduced the UV-sensitivity of the host, thereby indicating that the extreme sensitivity was due to the mutant lexA gene product. These properties of strains with lexA plasmids are thought to originate from high levels of the lexA protein in the cell due to a large plasmid copy number. This protein, which appears from other studies to regulate negatively the recA gene, may inhibit expression of recA or other DNA repair genes when present in excess amounts in the cell.
Spectra and structure of silicon containing compounds. XXVII. Raman and infrared spectra, conformational stability, vibrational assignment and ab initio calculations of vinyldichlorosilane.

Abstract The infrared (3200–30 cm −1 ) spectra of gaseous and solid and the Raman spectra of liquid (3200−30 cm −1 ), with quantitative depolarization values, and solid vinyldichlorosilane, CH 2 CHSiHCl 2 , have been recorded. Both the gauche and the cis conformers have been identified in the fluid phases. Variable temperature (105–150°C) studies of the infrared spectra of the sample dissolved in liquid krypton have been carried out. From these data the enthalpy difference has been determined to be 20±5 cm −1 (235±59 J mol −1 ) with the gauche conformer the more stable rotamer. It was not possible to obtain a single conformer in the solid even with repeated annealing of the sample. The experimental enthalpy difference is in agreement with the prediction from MP2/6-311+G(2d,2p) ab initio calculations with full electron correlation. However, when smaller basis sets, i.e. 6-31G(d) and 6-311+G(d,p) were utilized the cis conformer was predicted to be the more stable form. Complete vibrational assignments are proposed for both conformers based on infrared contours, relative infrared and Raman intensities, depolarization values and group frequencies, which are supported by normal coordinate calculations utilizing the force constants from ab initio MP2/6-31G(d) calculations. From the frequencies of the Si–H stretches, the Si–H bond distance of 1.474 A has been determined for both the gauche and the cis conformers. Complete equilibrium geometries have been determined for both rotamers by ab initio calculations employing the 6-31G(d), 6-311+G(d,p) and 6-311+(2d,2p) basis sets at level of Hartree–Fock (RHF) and/or Moller–Plesset to the second order (MP2) with full electron correlation. The potential energy terms for the conformer interconversion have been obtained from the MP2/6-31G(d) calculations. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained for some similar molecules.
Plastic Encapsulated Signal and Power Transistor Reliability

Since the introduction of solid encapsulated epoxy signal transistors by General Electric in 1962, substantial improvements have been made in plastic materials and packaging techniques resulting in a homogeneous solid package for semiconductor components. These advances, reflected in an excellent performance record in consumer and industrial equipments, have led to the extended use of these devices in industrial and some military applications where high reliability is demanded.
The Development of CpG Island Methylation Biomarkers Using Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning

Abstract: CpG island hypermethylation is a common occurrence in cancer. Because this is a stable molecular alteration of the DNA, which can be detected easily from very small amounts, DNA methylation is an attractive candidate to use as a molecular biomarker. Recent studies have used DNA methylation of genes known to be targets of genetic disruption in cancer as biomarkers for early detection of cancer, classification of malignancies, response to drug treatment, and as markers predictive of outcome. Since many of the currently used targets of methylation are methylated at rather low frequencies in various cancer types even though the gene may be frequently disrupted by other mechanisms, it would be useful to develop additional markers that are methylated at high frequency in the cancer being studied. Restriction landmark genomic scanning has been used for the identification of frequent targets of methylation in multiple malignancies. These markers, which can be either cancer type-specific or nonspecific, may prove to be effective biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic purposes, or for midpoint analysis of intervention strategies.
A Novel Bicyclic Diamide with High Binding Affinity for Trivalent f‐Block Elements

Abstract A new bicyclic diamide compound, 3,9‐diaza‐3,9‐dioctylbicyclo[4.4.0]decane‐2,10‐dione (1) has been prepared, and its affinity for Eu3+ and Am3+ has been explored using liquid–liquid extraction methods. Molecular mechanics calculations have shown that the two amide oxygen atoms in 1 should be ideally situated for binding to trivalent actinide or lanthanide ions and should form strong complexes. The data in this report support this hypothesis. As determined by liquid–liquid extraction, the affinity of 1 for Eu3+ is on the order of 107 times greater than previously investigated malonamides. The extraction behavior for Am3+ is similar to that of Eu3+.
Efficient data allocation for frequency domain experiments

Frequency domain experiments are efficient screening procedures for identifying important factors in simulation models. An empirical investigation involving a simple autoregressive system and a complex queueing system shows that allocating data unequally among the signal and noise runs may be more effective when the total data collection effort is limited.
Pleural effusion in an asymptomatic patient: spectrum and frequency of causes and management considerations

We conducted retrospective chart and literature reviews to analyze the frequency and spectrum of causes of asymptomatic pleural effusion (APE). In our series, 16 percent of patients undergoing thoracentesis for PE were asymptomatic and the spectrum of causes was similar to that for symptomatic patients. Asymptomatic PEs were evenly distributed among transudates, exudates and indeterminate effusions. More symptomatic (S) PE were exudates, although the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.1). In comparison to SPE, APE were more often free flowing and small. In both groups, the four most common diagnoses were malignancy, CHF, parapneumonic and postoperative effusions accounting for greater than 70 percent of each group. Review of the literature demonstrated the following associations with APE: recent childbirth or abdominal surgery, benign asbestos effusion, uremia, malignancy, and tuberculosis. In the uncomplicated postpartum or postoperative setting or in patients with typical findings of left ventricular failure, observation without diagnostic studies is appropriate. In all other situations, APE should be evaluated in traditional fashion. If thoracentesis is nondiagnostic and the effusion is an exudate, closed pleural biopsy and less often, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, should follow. Once malignant or granulomatous pleuritis has been excluded, it may be appropriate to observe for a period of time before proceeding to more invasive procedures. (Chest 1990; 97:192-96)
Carbon dioxide reduction mediated by electro-polymerized electrodes of a nickel tetraazaannulene complex, Ni[Me4Bzo2[14]tetraeneN4]

Etudes par voltammetrie cyclique de la reduction de CO 2 sur une a disque de carbone vitreux, ou par electrolyse sous potentiel controle sur une electrode de Pt modifiee par le tetraazaannulene de Ni polymerise, qui joue le role de catalyseur
Land-use portfolios and the management of private landholdings in south-central Indiana

In the study of land-use and land-cover change as an important contributor to regional environmental change, linking household level land-use decisions to particular land-cover patterns has been an enduring challenge. The frequent conflation of land use and land cover has been appropriate and fruitful in regions where extractive activities are common, but the decoupling of household characteristics from land-cover choices in exurban landscapes may require that the two be treated separately. This research employs the concept of a land-use portfolio, defined as a unique combination of land use types, and land cover derived from remote sensing to examine the relationship between land use and land cover at the parcel scale. Data on the type and spatial organization of land use were collected for individual parcels through sketch maps constructed by land owners and then described quantitatively using GIS and spatial metrics from landscape ecology. The results of this analysis suggest that in the naturally forested region of south-central Indiana, parcels are frequently managed as multiple types of land use thereby supporting the portfolio approach. Generally, land-management complexity is related to land-cover fragmentation, but the strength of this relationship varies across portfolio types. In addition, substantial amounts of forest land cover occur in non-forest land uses further supporting the need to treat the two separately to accurately link land use intentions and land cover outcomes.
Formulation and testing of a novel river nitrification model.

Abstract The nitrification process in many river water quality models has been approximated by a simple first order dependency on the water column ammonia concentration, while the benthic contribution has routinely been neglected. In this study a mathematical framework was developed for sediment bed nitrification based on mass transfer theory and Monod bacterial growth kinetics. The model describes ammonia transport across the boundary layer and consumption within the biofilm to quantify the overall nitrification flux. Model results suggest that nitrification is usually controlled by the boundary layer thickness, and we estimated a nitrification velocity range between 0.14 and 0.97 m d−1, assuming typical boundary thicknesses of 0.1–1.0 mm. These ranges compared favorably with reported literature values, including our own measurements. The model was applied to several river systems of different depths where nitrification rates and river depths were available. Assuming that nitrification is exclusively a benthic process, the average velocity of all the rivers evaluated was 0.85 m d−1 (r2 = 0.72).
The Processing of LC Thermosets in Orienting External Fields

Liquid crystals may possess macroscopically aligned structural, electrical and optical properties when oriented in external fields which leads to a wide range of applications including optical filters, displays, and data storage devices. Combining the properties of thermosets [1, 2] with the properties of liquid crystals (LC) is a logical step towards creating new materials. The development of liquid crystalline thermosets (LCT) has been motivated by their potential use in structural applications and the need for more adaptable polymeric materials with tunable strength and stiffness as well as tailored mechanical anisotropy. It is known that mechanical properties of conventional thermosets are determined by many factors including curing agent, filler, degree of cure, crosslink density, glass transition temperature, and accelerator. In LCT’s all of these factors will ultimately be controlled by the both the molecular organization and orientation of the LC phase.
Adenoacanthoma and mixed adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium. A clinicopathologic study.

Published reports of “adenoacanthoma” of the endometrium have usually included both those cases in which the squamous elements are histologically benign and those in which they are histologically malignant. In the present report, cases with the former appearance have been classified as adenoacanthoma (or adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia), but tumors with malignant-appearing squamous cells have been grouped separately as mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. Of 148 consecutive cases reviewed, 71 (48.0%) were adenocarcinomas (AC), 44 (29.7%) were adenoacanthomas (AA), 26 (17.6%) were mixed carcinomas (MC), and 7 (4.7%) were clear cell carcinomas. Clinically, there were no major differences among patients with the three predominant tumor types, but there was a tendency toward later menopause and lower gravidity among those women whose tumors contained squamous elements (AA and MC). Despite similar treatment regimens and clinical staging, actuarial 5-year survival was 56.3% for AC, 82.9% for AA, and 35.3% for MC. Patients with MC also had a higher incidence of persistent tumor after irradiation, deeper penetration of tumor in hysterectomy specimens, and a tendency to earlier recurrences. When the MC pateints were compared with only women with poorly differentiated AC (since the glandular elements were almost always poorly differentiated in MC tumors), these two groups were quite similar in most parameters, including 5-year survival. Similar comparisons between AA and well-differentiated AC reveal that, despite similarities in all other respects, the 5-year survival remains significantly higher in AA (82.9% vs. 60.6%). Thus, it appears that the poorly differentiated (i.e., histologically malignant) squamous elements in MC are a function of poorly differentiated glandular elements and may not significantly worsen an already unfavorable prognosis. The ability of a well-differentiated carcinoma to form histologically benign squamous elements, on the other hand, seems to improve a prognosis which is already relatively favorable. Tumors formerly indiscriminately classified as adenoacanthoma should now be separated into two distinct groups, and these relationships should be investigated further.
Epidemiology and etiology of intracranial meningiomas: A review

The frequency of meningiomas has been the topic of relatively few reports. Hospital-based brain tumor series indicate that the incidence is approximately 20% of all intracranial tumors; population-based studies indicate an overall incidence of 2.3/100,000. Although intracranial tumors as a whole show a higher prevalence in males than in females, meningiomas have a 2: 1 female-to-male ratio. Between Caucasians and Africans, African-Americans, and Asians, certain differences also have been noted. Meningiomas in children are rare and differ from those in adults and other childhood tumors; they are even more rare in infants. Several features indicating etiologic factors have been identified, among which are ionizing radiation, head injury, hormones, and other receptor binding sites, genetic factors, and viruses. The most common source of exposure of the head to ionizing radiation is dental radiographic examination. Since 1922, head trauma has been considered a possible risk factor, but recent large studies do not support this link. Several factors have prompted studies of estrogens and progestogens as risk factors for meningiomas. Other studies have sought to determine if certain individuals have an inherited predisposition for developing a meningioma and/or if viruses, which may act alone or with other mutagens, figure into the formation of a meningioma. The most promising studies are those of cytogenetics, and future elucidation of factors associated with the loss of one copy of chromosome 22, another phenomenon that has been identified in meningiomas, may lead to screening tests and gene therapy.
Japan: U.S. Partner or Focused on Abductees?

Although some observers may perceive that Japan increasingly supports sanctions, Washington risks misunderstanding the source and depth of that support, which rests in the abductee issue, not the U.S. Japanese alliance.
A test of the collective field method for the N → ∞ limit

Abstract The collective field method applied to the one-dimensional planar model is shown to give exactly the entire epectrum of SU( N ) symmetric states in the large- N limit.
Computational simulation of the mechanical response of brain tissue under blast loading

In the present study, numerical simulations of nonlinear wave propagation and shock formation in brain tissue have been presented and a new mechanism of injury for blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is proposed. A quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) constitutive material model was used that encompasses the nonlinearity as well as the rate dependence of the tissue relevant to BINT modeling. A one-dimensional model was implemented using the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method and studied with displacement- and pressure-input boundary conditions. The model was validated against LS-DYNA finite element code and theoretical results for specific conditions that resulted in shock wave formation. It was shown that a continuous wave can become a shock wave as it propagates in the QLV brain tissue when the initial changes in acceleration are beyond a certain limit. The high spatial gradient of stress and strain at the shock front cause large relative motions at the cellular scale at high temporal rates even when the maximum stresses and strains are relatively low. This gradient-induced local deformation may occur away from the boundary and is proposed as a contributing factor to the diffuse nature of BINT.
Spatial-domain-based multidimensional modulation for multi-Tb/s serial optical transmission.

The multidimensional channel capacity studies indicate that the employment of multiple photon degrees of freedom—such as subcarrier, amplitude, phase, polarization, and space—can improve the spectral efficiency by several orders of magnitude higher than that claimed in any fiber-optic experiment reported to date. This dramatic increase in spectral efficiency through multiple photon degrees of freedom can provide revolutionary capabilities for future optical networks. Moreover, photons can carry both spin angular momentum (SAM) associated with polarization, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) associated with the azimuthal phase of the complex electric field. Because OAM eigenstates are orthogonal, an arbitrary number of bits per photon can be transmitted in principle. The ability to generate the OAM modes, such as Bessel modes, in multimode fibers (MMFs) will allow realization of fiber-optic communication networks with ultra-high bits-per-photon efficiencies. To this end, we propose here a spatial-domain-based multidimensional coded-modulation scheme as an enabling technology for multi-Tb/s serial optical transport. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed scheme, we show that an eight-dimensional (8D) spatial-domain-based coded modulation scheme outperforms a prior-art 128-point 4D scheme by 3.88 dB at BER of 10−8 while providing 120 Gb/s higher aggregate information bit rate. The proposed 8D scheme also outperforms its conventional polarization-multiplexed QAM counterpart by even a larger, and indeed striking, margin of 8.39 dB (also at the BER of 10−8).
Comment on Higher-Order Nonlinearities and Coupling Saturation of Parametric Decay Instabilities

The effect of higher-order nonlinearities on the coupling-saturation mechanism for parametric decay instabilities is analyzed. In particular it is shown that cubic nonlinearities in the Poisson equation describing the unstable electrostatic fields play an important role. In the case of the 2..omega../sub p//sub e/ decay instability these effects increase the importance of coupling saturation for T/sub e/very-much-greater-thanT/sub i/ and reduce the saturated wave energy by a factor of T/sub i//T/sub e/. (AIP)
Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits

Genetic factors strongly affect susceptibility to common diseases and also influence disease-related quantitative traits. Identifying the relevant genes has been difficult, in part because each causal gene only makes a small contribution to overall heritability. Genetic association studies offer a potentially powerful approach for mapping causal genes with modest effects, but are limited because only a small number of genes can be studied at a time. Genome-wide association studies will soon become possible, and could open new frontiers in our understanding and treatment of disease. However, the execution and analysis of such studies will require great care.
Ebola takes a punch.

Genetic immunization against Ebola virus in a guinea pig model advances our understanding of the immune response in this disease (pages 37–42).
Quantitative assessment of journal quality and consistency: Comment on Winker

Professor Kenneth Winker’s (1983) study is commendable for the light it seeks to shed on the differences in the rankings of journals by members of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) and the American Society of Criminology (ASC). However, beyond establishing the presence of such differences, his study (or, more properly, DeZee’s (1980) study from which the data were extracted) is severely limited by grievous methodological deficiencies which produced distortions in the data. These were then exacerbated by ‘Winker’s choice of an inappropriate means of analysis. In particular, his conclusions do not adequately represent the rankings within each professional association of either journal quality or consistency, and his conclusions are particularly unreliable regarding the most highly-regarded journals. Winker’s basic method of analysis was drawn from Glen’s (1971) well-known study of journal prestige within sociology, in which the American Sociological Review (ASR) was given a weight of 10. the absence of prestige was given a weight of 0, and respondents were asked to assign weights which they considered appropriate to 62 journals. Since ASR is almost universally recognized by sociologists as the most prestigious of their journals. the result was a prestige weighting of journals on a zero to ten scale. Winker adopted the same approach to assessing evaluations of journals within ACJS and ASC, with the substitution of the presumed most highly regarded criminal justice journal, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology ( JCLC). However, Winker’s results were profoundly different from those of Glen, for JCLC was not consistently the highest ranked journal in either association. For example, in terms of quality it was ranked fifth and ninth in ACJS and ASC respectively, indicating that some respondents rated other journals more highly. Consequently, Winker’s respondents weighted journals not on a zero to ten scale, but on a scale from zero to some unspecified figure. It is here that difficulties arise. For a single enthusiastic respondent could have an immense impact upon a journal’s mean weight by giving it a very high weight, e.g., a weight in excess of 100. Indeed, by selecting a weight which was sufficiently great, a single repondent could have guaranteed that his/her favorite journal would receive top billing, i.e., first ranking in Winker’s study. To see how this could have occurred, consider the following perhaps extreme example. If 19 respondents
X-band klystron development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

X-band klystrons capable of 75 MW and utilizing either solenoidal or Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing are undergoing design, fabrication and testing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The klystron development is part of an effort to realize components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). SLAC has completed a solenoidal-focused X-band klystron development effort to study the design and operation of tubes with beam microperveances of 1.2. As of early 2000, nine 1.2 (mu) K klystrons have been tested to 50 MW at 1.5 microsecond(s) . The first 50 MW PPM klystron, constructed in 1996, was designed with a 0.6 (mu) K beam at 465 kV and uses a 5-cell traveling-wave output structure. Recent testing of this tube at wider pulsewidths has reached 50 MW at 55% efficiency, 2.4 microsecond(s) and 60 Hz. A 75 MW PPM klystron prototype was constructed in 1998 and has reached the NLC design target of 75 MW at 1.5 microsecond(s) . A new 75 MW PPM klystron design, which is aimed at reducing the cost and increasing the reliability of multi- megawatt PPM klystrons, is under investigation. The tube is scheduled for testing during early 2001.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Preoperative fasting after soft drink intake: 2 hours may be enough

Sufficient preoperative fasting time is essential for safe induction of anesthesia to prevent aspiration of gastric contents. However, the time recommended for sufficient preoperative fasting varies greatly, depending on the nature of the oral intake, from 2 h for clear liquids to 6 h for solid foods. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who drank about 600 ml of the carbonated, glucose-rich soft drink, 7-UP, 2 h before surgery and absorbed nearly all of it within these 2 preoperative hours.
Immobilization of glucose oxidase on a polypyrrole—lecithin bilayer lipid membrane

Abstract This paper describes the immobilization of glucose oxidase on polypyrrole-lecithin bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) by two different methods: chemical linking (using glutaraldehyde) and electrostatic adsorption (using glutaraldehyde or didodecyldimethylammonium ion). This is the first report of the immobilization of an enzyme on conducting polymer/bilayer lipid membranes. The cyclic voltammetric measurements were performed showing that the modified BLM system can operate as a glucose-sensitive electrode. The investigations indicate that the polypyrrole-lecithin BLM can serve as an electron-conducting matrix for immobilized enzymes and may be useful for the development of molecular biosensors having high substrate specificity.
Surgical treatment preferences in Chinese‐American women with early‐stage breast cancer

Breast-conserving treatment (BCT) is considered preferable to radical or modified radical mastectomy (MRM) for most women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. Studies have found that Chinese-American women are more likely to be treated with MRM, regardless of age or stage of disease. The central question posed in this study is: what are the cultural factors that influence the selection of treatments by Chinese-American patients and the presentation of treatment options by providers? Focused group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and ethnographic observations were conducted with 69 Chinese-American women and 14 health professionals. Results indicated that (1) many Chinese-American women, regardless of age, migration status, education, and income level, expressed a preference for MRM because it was seen as safer; (2) this was primarily a communal belief that even women who had BCT felt pressure to conform to; (3) some women felt pressured into the BCT decision by their physician and/or were unhappy with their choice; (4) patient and physician bias and difficulties with translation issues and supplemental materials all led to cross-cultural miscommunication; and (5) this miscommunication was cited as a reason for (a) not completing treatment regimes or (b) drastic changes in the treatment selected.
Convulsant versus typical barbiturates: effects on locomotor activity.

Abstract The present studies examined the effects of a typical (secobarbital) and a convulsant (cyclohexylideneethyl-5-barbituric acid [CHEB]) barbiturate on spontaneous locomotor activity in rats. Administered alone, secobarbital produced a mild stimulation of activity at a low (2.5 mg/kg) dose, and a dose-dependent depression of locomotor activity at higher (5–20 mg/kg) doses. Surprisingly, the convulsant barbiturate CHEB produced a depression of locomotor activity at all subconvulsant doses tested (2.5–20 mg/kg). IP administration of CHEB was also observed to produce abdominal muscle contractions (writhing). In a second experiment, it was found that the writhe-inducing compound para-phenyl-quinone (PPQ) did not affect locomotor activity, indicating that the depression of activity produced by CHEB was not secondary to its writhe-producing effects. In a third experiment, the “barbiturate antagonist” potential of CHEB was examined. Treatment with 10 mg/kg CHEB did not significantly alter the depression of locomotor activity produced by 10 mg/kg secobarbital. These data suggest that (1) typical and convulsant barbiturates are not strict opposites in terms of all of their behavioral actions and (2) CHEB may not be effective as a “barbiturate antagonist.”
Preparation and Properties of Single Crystals of Hydrogen Bis(Phthalocyaninato) Neodymium(III)

Abstract Single crystals of hydrogen bis(phthalo-cyaninato)neodymium(III) have been synthesized by electrochemical means. The crystals are semiconductors and follow Curie-Weiss behavior.
The Problem of Evil in Sand's La Mare au diable and Carl Jung, The Ideology of Sentiment

Abstract My thesis insists on the theme of evil implicit in Sand's title to her pastoral novel, La Mare au diable (1846). The question of evil as death (le mal metaphysique) stands out in her preface, opens her novel, and defines the challenge faced by the hero in social prejudice (le mal social) and in the heroic journey to overcome internalized obstacles such as fear (le mal psychologique) in order to transform his values. The interplay between good and evil culminating in “the devil's pond” intuits Jung's theory of the convergence of good and evil and the necessity of the latter in the maturation process. The victory of the hero, Germain, is also that of Sand who rises above the ideological partisanship of her opening chapters to bring to life inspirational values open to all.
Effects of ambiguity on stuttering: Towards a theory of speech production at the semantic level

Pathologische Stotterer und normale Versuchspersonen erhielten verzogerte auditive Ruckmeldung (VAR), wahrend sie Satze vervollstandigten. Wir fanden:
Regulation of elastin gene transcription by proteasome dysfunction.

Elastin, a major extracellular matrix protein and the core component of elastic fiber, is essential to maintain lung structural integrity and normal physiological function. We previously found that...
Altered Mental Status and Renal Failure in a 58-Year-Old Woman

Patient: A 58-year-old Caucasian female Chief Complaint: Altered mental status, fever. Also complains of occipital headache and neck pain. History of Present Illness: Patient had presented to the emergency department 11 days previously with intermittent altered mental status, which was felt to be secondary to hyponatremia caused by treatment for hypertension with a thiazide diuretic. Upon resolution of her hyponatremia, the patient’s altered mentation improved and she was discharged. Her present complaint is an altered mental status that has returned in conjunction with fevers and chills. She presented to the emergency department for further evaluation of a 3-day history of worsening altered mental status, most notably overnight. Past Medical and Surgical History: History of end-stage renal disease secondary to polycystic kidney disease status post renal transplantation in 2005. History of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Surgical history included a bilateral nephrectomy, renal transplant, and a total abdominal hysterectomy. Family History: Polycystic kidney disease. Social History: Patient admitted to occasional social alcohol intake; denied tobacco and recreational drug use. ### Physical Examination Vital Signs: Temperature, 100.1°F; pulse 93 beats per minute; respiratory rate, 16 breaths per minute; blood pressure, 154/82 mmHg. The patient was a well-nourished Caucasian woman of normal weight. The patient was in mild distress from pain. Principal Laboratory Findings: Table 1 Results of Additional Diagnostic Procedures and Tests CT (head): negative Cultures Lumbar Puncture Kidney, Left, Core Biopsy: Final pathologic diagnosis: marked acute and chronic interstitial and tubular inflammation with focal necrosis consistent with acute pyelonephritis. There appears to be …