cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new hydrogen-bonding linked 3-D polyoxomolybdate

Abstract The reactions under hydrothermal reaction conditions resulted in a hydrogen-bonding linked polyoxomolybdate [(NH 4 ) 2 M 4 O 13 ] n 1 with three-dimensional (3-D) polymeric structure. The compound 1 is composed of three distinct (MoO 6 ) and one (MoO 5 ) mixed polyhedral connected by edge-sharing within the asymmetric unit displaying a covalent bonding four-step ladder network, and the ladder units linked via corner-sharing between asymmetric units showing an extended covalent bonding 2-D layer structure, and the 2-D networks are further linked by multiple hydrogen bonds to result in a 3-D polyoxomolybdate.
Inside Attack Filtering for Robust Sensor Localization

Several solutions have recently been proposed to securely estimate sensor positions even when there is malicious location information which distorts the estimate. Some of those solutions are based on the Minimum Mean Square Estimation (MMSE) methods which efficiently estimate sensor positions. Although such solutions can filter out most of malicious information, if an attacker knows the position of a target sensor, the attacker can significantly alter the position information. In this paper, we introduce such a new attack, called Inside-Attack, and a technique that is able to detect and filter out malicious location information. Based on this technique, we propose an algorithm to effectively estimate sensor positions. We illustrate the impact of inside attacks on the existing algorithms and report simulation results concerning our algorithm.
PhyCloak: Obfuscating Sensing from Communication Signals

Recognition of human activities and gestures using preexisting WiFi signals has been shown to be feasible in recent studies. Given the pervasiveness of WiFi signals, this emerging sort of sensing poses a serious privacy threat. This paper is the first to counter the threat of unwanted or even malicious communication based sensing: it proposes a blackbox sensor obfuscation technique PhyCloak which distorts only the physical information in the communication signal that leaks privacy. The data in the communication signal is preserved and, in fact, the throughput of the link is increased with careful design. Moreover, the design allows coupling of the Phy-Cloak module with legitimate sensors, so that their sensing is preserved, while that of illegitimate sensors is obfuscated. The effectiveness of the design is validated via a prototype implementation on an SDR platform.
Ventricular arrhythmias, electrophysiologic studies, and devices

Because of the high incidence of heart disease in the elderly, ventricular tachyarrhythmias are not infrequent. Determining the nature and extent of the underlying heart disease and identifying precipitating causes is required prior to instituting long-term therapy. Recent studies suggest that for hemody- namically unstable ventricular tachyarrhythmias, mortality is lower with the implantable cardioverter- defibrillator compared with pharmacologic therapy. This benefit is likely to be more modest in the elderly because of competing cardiac and noncardiac causes of death. For similar reasons, the favorable results reported with the prophylactic use of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator are likely to be attenuated in the elderly.
A role for Cajal bodies in assembly of the nuclear transcription machinery

Cajal bodies (CBs) are small nuclear organelles that contain the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases and variety of factors involved in transcription and processing of all types of RNA. A number of these factors, as well as subunits of polymerase (pol) II itself, are rapidly and specifically targeted to CBs when injected into the cell. It is suggested that pol I, pol II and pol III transcription and processing complexes are preassembled in the CBs before transport to the sites of transcription on the chromosomes and in the nucleoli.
Physiologic skin changes in pregnancy.

Pregnancy produces many skin changes, some of which are specifically related to pregnancy (dermatoses of pregnancy) and others that are more common and called physiologic. These physiologic skin changes usually do not impair the health of the mother or the fetus; nevertheless, some can be cosmetically significant and of importance to the dermatologist. (J Am ACRD DERMATOL 10:929–940, 1984.)
CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL MEDIUM-TERM OUTCOMES IN IDIOPATHIC CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS COMPARING POSTEROMEDIAL RELEASE WITH THE PONSETI METHOD

Aim Kite manipulation and casting for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) was noted to require a subsequent posteromedial release (PMR) in almost all of the children treated, with variable outcomes including overcorrection and stiffness. Introduction of the Ponseti serial manipulation and casting technique dramatically reduced the need for PMR. This study assesses the medium term outcomes in these two treatment groups. Methods We retrospectively identified patients treated for idiopathic CTEV between 1997 and 2007 under a single surgeon. Two cohorts with a minimum 4 years9 follow-up were treated with Kite (1997–2001) and Ponseti (2002–2007) manipulation and casting. The entire Kite cohort (14 patients) and none of the Ponseti cohort (16 patients) required PMR. All patients were assessed by clinical and functional examination, questionnaire and medical notes review. There was a total of 40 feet (10 bilateral and 20 unilateral) with 20 feet in each cohort. Results 7 feet (35%) in each cohort required further surgical procedures. Of these, 6 feet in the Kite/PMR group required bony surgical correction compared with none in the Ponseti group. There was a significant difference between the Kite/PMR and Ponseti groups in; calf circumference difference (mean 24mm vs 13mm p Conclusions Since the introduction of the Ponseti method for treating CTEV in our unit, the outcome for children with this condition has improved significantly with regard to function, cosmesis and a greatly reduced risk of further surgical intervention.
Simple Approximation Algorithms for Balanced MAX 2SAT

We study simple algorithms for the balanced MAX 2SAT problem, where we are given weighted clauses of length one and two with the property that for each variable x the total weight of clauses that x appears in equals the total weight of clauses for \(\overline{x}\). We show that such instances have a simple structural property in that any optimal solution can satisfy at most the total weight of the clauses minus half the total weight of the unit clauses. Using this property, we are able to show that a large class of greedy algorithms, including Johnson’s algorithm, gives a \(\frac{3}{4}\)-approximation algorithm for balanced MAX 2SAT; a similar statement is false for general MAX 2SAT instances. We further give a spectral 0.81-approximation algorithm for balanced MAX E2SAT instances (in which each clause has exactly 2 literals) by a reduction to a spectral algorithm of Trevisan for the maximum colored cut problem. We provide experimental results showing that this spectral algorithm performs well and is slightly better than Johnson’s algorithm and the Goemans-Williamson semidefinite programming algorithm on balanced MAX E2SAT instances.
Gridlocked: The impact of adapting survey grids for smartphones

Paper and web surveys often include grid-style questions formatted to save space and avoid repetition. However, this format is often discouraged by methodologists because of data quality concerns, particularly when respondents are using small screens (e.g., smartphones). In the World Trade Center Health Registry’s Wave 4 survey, we used grids to maintain comparability with prior waves. However, due to the rising number of respondents using smartphones to complete web surveys, we used responsive web design programming to automatically reformat grids into a series of individual items when a small screen device was detected. This method allowed us to retain grids used in previous years, yet address the issue of grids displaying poorly on mobile devices. We compared indicators of data quality (e.g., missing data, straight-lining) across grid formats to see whether the smartphone-optimized version suggests poorer, equal, or better data quality than the traditional grid. We also compared consistency with data collected in previous waves of the survey. We found some evidence that the optimized grid format improved data quality, and the benefits we observed may even suggest that some variant of the mobile-optimized format should be considered for all devices, regardless of screen size.
DIGITAL IMAGE CODING BY C-MATRIX TRANSFORM.

Abstract Digital image processing of NTSC Color TV images by C-Matrix transform (CMT) for bandwidth compression is investigated. The effectiveness of the CMT compared to the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for image coding is evaluated. This comparison is based on various quantitative criteria and implementation aspects. Transform coding is applied. Simulation involves quantizer-coder design and bit rate reduction.
HIP FUSION CONVERSION: NO CLERGY REQUIRED

Hip fusion used to be a common procedure in children and young adults, but it is now exceedingly rare. My results of hip fusion takedown more than 20 years ago were quite acceptable. Of 20 cases, 88% achieved more than 90 degrees of flexion and 75% stopped limping by the end of one year. The elderly would revert to limping when tired. As no simple hips are currently fused, the results of hip fusion takedown in the last 20 years are very much inferior. Of 28 cases, limp is absent in 20%, mild in 12% and severe in 68%. Range of motion is acceptable with 80% eventually achieving more than 90 degrees of flexion. There are complications, but these are quite manageable. The aseptic loosening rate is small and the longevity is high. Current implants, therefore, can easily handle the hip fusion takedown. As the incidence of limp is prohibitively high, additional techniques to reinforce the hip abductors either concurrently or more likely as a secondary procedure as suggested by Whiteside should be learned by all those proposing to carry out hip fusion takedown.
SURFACE REPLACEMENT CONVERSION: NO EASY OUT! – OPPOSES

Surface replacement of the hip has become established as an alternative treatment to total hip replacement in the younger, active, male patient. By the very nature of preserving the femoral head and neck, there may be failures due to femoral neck fracture and femoral component loosening. Additionally, revisions of hip resurfacing for acetabular loosening may be necessary. Other scientific papers have described problems that may arise as a result of the metal-on-metal bearing either due to excess metal production or an immunologic-mediated reaction to the metal debris. Grammatopolous et al. describe poor results of revisions of surface replacements due to massive tissue destruction at the time of revision surgery, persistent pain, and swelling. In my experience with hip resurfacing, this complication is extremely rare. In my series of 925 resurfacings with a minimum of 2 year follow up, 12 revisions (1.3%) have been performed. Of these revisions, only 3 (0.3%) were for complications related to the metal-on-metal bearing; 2 for edge-loading and excess metal production, and 1 for metal hypersensitivity. None of the revision cases have had abductor destruction, or nerve/vascular involvement. Reconstruction of the joint was carried out with standard and revision components; post-operative function of these patients has been comparable to that of a primary total hip replacement. With careful monitoring of the post-operative resurfacing patient, problems can be identified early and surface replacement conversion can be performed with excellent results.
The Corpus Juris Civilis: A Guide to Its History and Use

ABSTRACTThe Corpus Juris Civilis is indispensable for Roman law research. It is a vital pillar of modern law in many European nations and influential in other countries. Scholars and lawyers still refer to it today. This valuable publication, however, may seem impenetrable at first, and references to it can be hard to decipher or detect. This guide provides a history of the Corpus Juris Civilis and the forms it has taken, states why it is still an important resource today, and offers some tips and tools for research using it.
Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Resources and the Sanctity of Contracts, From the Angle of Lucrum Cessans

The aim of this article is to discuss the principle of permanent sovereignty in light of compensation to foreign investors in the event of expropriation. I intend to show that while permanent sovereignty is a legitimate concept under international law, it can be surrendered by host states through concessions. Once this happens, the sanctity of contracts becomes overriding policy. If a state breaches its contract with a foreign investor, there are consequences. This is particularly reflected in the fact that not only does the state have to pay compensation to the investor, the award for compensation may also include the payment of lost future profits or lucrum cessans. The next section discusses permanent sovereignty and the sanctity of contracts including relevant case law. The third section will discuss compensation standards and will incorporate a discussion of lucrum cessans. The fourth section will consist of a conclusion.
Reading Instruction for Fourth-Grade Struggling Readers and the Relation to Student Outcomes

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the amount, type, and quality of Tier 1 and supplemental reading instruction provided to 4th-grade struggling readers and whether specific elements of instruction predicted growth in reading skills. In all, 110 students identified as having reading difficulty who were receiving school-based reading instruction in 22 classrooms located in 2 states/sites participated. We observed and coded reading instruction for instructional dimensions, including reading components, grouping, and quality. Reading comprehension and vocabulary were the most prevalent components of instruction, whereas limited time was allocated to word-level reading skills. We noted several significant differences in time allocated to overall instruction and components of instruction during Tier 1 between sites. Overall, there were few unique Tier 1 instructional predictors of student achievement at the end of the year. Students receiving supplemental reading instruction outperformed those students receivi...
Functional Autoregression for Sparsely Sampled Data

We develop a hierarchical Gaussian process model for forecasting and inference of functional time series data. Unlike existing methods, our approach is especially suited for sparsely or irregularly sampled curves and for curves sampled with nonnegligible measurement error. The latent process is dynamically modeled as a functional autoregression (FAR) with Gaussian process innovations. We propose a fully nonparametric dynamic functional factor model for the dynamic innovation process, with broader applicability and improved computational efficiency over standard Gaussian process models. We prove finite-sample forecasting and interpolation optimality properties of the proposed model, which remain valid with the Gaussian assumption relaxed. An efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed for estimation, inference, and forecasting, with extensions for FAR(p) models with model averaging over the lag p. Extensive simulations demonstrate substantial improvements in forecasting performance and recovery of the ...
Arbitrarily complex chemical reactions on particles

Previous particle-tracking (PT) algorithms for chemical reaction conceptualize each particle being composed of one species. Reactions occur by either complete or partial birth/death processes between interacting particles. Here we extend the method by placing any number of chemical species on each particle. The particle/particle interaction is limited to mass exchange. After exchange, reactions of any sort are carried out independently on each particle. The novel components of the algorithms are verified against analytic solutions where possible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Survey of the Heritability and Sparse Architecture of Gene Expression Traits across Human Tissues

Understanding the genetic architecture of gene expression traits is key to elucidating the underlying mechanisms of complex traits. Here, for the first time, we perform a systematic survey of the heritability and the distribution of effect sizes across all representative tissues in the human body. We find that local h2 can be relatively well characterized with 59% of expressed genes showing significant h2 (FDR < 0.1) in the DGN whole blood cohort. However, current sample sizes (n ≤ 922) do not allow us to compute distal h2. Bayesian Sparse Linear Mixed Model (BSLMM) analysis provides strong evidence that the genetic contribution to local expression traits is dominated by a handful of genetic variants rather than by the collective contribution of a large number of variants each of modest size. In other words, the local architecture of gene expression traits is sparse rather than polygenic across all 40 tissues (from DGN and GTEx) examined. This result is confirmed by the sparsity of optimal performing gene expression predictors via elastic net modeling. To further explore the tissue context specificity, we decompose the expression traits into cross-tissue and tissue-specific components using a novel Orthogonal Tissue Decomposition (OTD) approach. Through a series of simulations we show that the cross-tissue and tissue-specific components are identifiable via OTD. Heritability and sparsity estimates of these derived expression phenotypes show similar characteristics to the original traits. Consistent properties relative to prior GTEx multi-tissue analysis results suggest that these traits reflect the expected biology. Finally, we apply this knowledge to develop prediction models of gene expression traits for all tissues. The prediction models, heritability, and prediction performance R2 for original and decomposed expression phenotypes are made publicly available (https://github.com/hakyimlab/PrediXcan).
Endangered species: Costs and benefits

Biologists are often placed in the difficult position of defending a threatened habitat or animal with vague reasoning and faulty logic, simply because they have no better rationale at their immediate disposal. This places them at a distinct disadvantage and literally at the mercy of resource exploiters and their easily assignable dollar values. Although the initial dollar cost of delaying precluding "developing" may be significant, the long-term benefits of saving the biological entities which might otherwise be destroyed are likewise great and are measurable in concrete terms which society is only now beginning to appreciate. Case histories are presented, a more profound rationale is explained, and the environmentalist is challenged to make his case sufficiently effective to reverse the current exploitive trends which threaten so many of earth's life forms.
Targeting the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: The Case for Differentiation-Based Therapy

Although important strides have been made in targeted therapy for certain leukemias and subtypes of breast cancer, the standard of care for most carcinomas still involves chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination of these. Two processes serve as obstacles to the successful treatment of carcinomas. First, a majority of deaths from these types of cancers occurs as a result of distant metastases and not the primary tumors themselves. Second, subsets of cells that are able to survive conventional therapy drive the aggressive relapse of the tumors, often in forms that are resistant to treatment. A frequently observed feature of malignant carcinomas is the loss of epithelial traits and the gain of certain mesenchymal ones that are programmed by the cell-biological program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT program can confer (i) an ability to disseminate, (ii) an ability to become stem-like tumor-initiating cells, (iii) an ability to found new tumor colonies at distant anatomical sites, and (iv) an elevated resistance to therapy. These multiple powers of the EMT program explain why it has become an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Recent work has revealed the variable nature of the EMT, with multiple versions of the program being observed depending on the tissue context and the stage of tumor progression. In this review, we attempt to crystallize emerging concepts in the research on EMT and stemness and discuss the benefits of using a differentiation-based therapeutic strategy for the eradication of stem-like populations that have adopted various versions of the EMT program.
Solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in bcc uranium–titanium alloys

Abstract For the body-centered-cubic uranium–titanium alloy system, hydrogen and deuterium solubility measurements have been made on 12 alloy specimens ranging in composition from pure uranium to pure titanium and over a temperature range of 900–1473 K. The results are described in closed form by an analytical model within a standard error of 3%. The Einstein temperature (1680 K), and thus the isotope effect, was independent of alloy composition. The solubility and the enthalpy of solution were strongly dependent on alloy composition, more so at low titanium concentrations.
Programmable neural logic

Circuits of threshold elements (Boolean input, Boolean output neurons) have been shown to be surprisingly powerful. Useful functions such as XOR, ADD and MULTIPLY can be implemented by such circuits more efficiently than by traditional AND/OR circuits. In view of that, we have designed and built a programmable threshold element. The weights are stored on polysilicon floating gates, providing long-term retention without refresh. The weight value is increased using tunneling and decreased via hot electron injection. A weight is stored on a single transistor allowing the development of dense arrays of threshold elements. A 16-input programmable neuron was fabricated in the standard 2 /spl mu/m double-poly, analog process available from MOSIS. We also designed and fabricated the multiple threshold element. It presents the advantage of reducing the area of the layout from O(n/sup 2/) to O(n), (n being the number of variables) for a broad class of Boolean functions, in particular symmetric Boolean functions such as PARITY. A long term goal of this research is to incorporate programmable single/multiple threshold elements, as building blocks in field programmable gate arrays.
An ~O(n) Queries Adaptive Tester for Unateness

We present an adaptive tester for the unateness property of Boolean functions. Given a function f:{0,1}^n -> {0,1} the tester makes O(n log(n)/epsilon) adaptive queries to the function. The tester always accepts a unate function, and rejects with probability at least 0.9 if a function is epsilon-far from being unate.
Possible evidence for the stochastic acceleration of secondary antiprotons by supernova remnants

The antiproton-to-proton ratio in the cosmic-ray spectrum is a sensitive probe of new physics. Using recent measurements of the cosmic-ray antiproton and proton fluxes in the energy range of 1--1000 GeV, we study the contribution to the $\overline{p}/p$ ratio from secondary antiprotons that are produced and subsequently accelerated within individual supernova remnants. We consider several well-motivated models for cosmic-ray propagation in the interstellar medium and marginalize our results over the uncertainties related to the antiproton production cross section and the time-, charge-, and energy-dependent effects of solar modulation. We find that the increase in the $\overline{p}/p$ ratio observed at rigidities above $\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GV}$ cannot be accounted for within the context of conventional cosmic-ray propagation models, but is consistent with scenarios in which cosmic-ray antiprotons are produced and subsequently accelerated by shocks within a given supernova remnant. In light of this, the acceleration of secondary cosmic rays in supernova remnants is predicted to substantially contribute to the cosmic-ray positron spectrum, accounting for a significant fraction of the observed positron excess.
The Impact of the Syria Crisis on Lebanon

Despite popular expectations of political transition and economic development associated with the 2010 Arab Spring movement, the Arab region sees unrelenting conflict in many of its parts (for example, Libya, Syria, and Yemen). Against the backdrop of regional challenges, the present paper will discuss the impact of the Syria Crisis on its neighboring country, the Republic of Lebanon.
Bullet Holes and Chemical Residues in Shooting Cases

IN SHOOTING CASES Joseph T. Walkert Several new and important objectives are introduced when the medicolegal post-mortem examination of the victim of a gunshot injury is undertaken. In ordinary practice an autopsy is performed to secure information of medical or scientific interest. In medicolegal practice it is performed primarily to determine, for legal purposes, the cause of death. Although both of these objectives are important, many medical examiners and investigating officers are unfamiliar with certain potentially rich sources of information which are extremely useful in the investigation of the crime. To determine the cause of death is, of course, fundamental. But to determine, insofar as possible, the circumstances surrounding the fatal acts is often more useful in the administration of justice. Among others, answers to the following questions should be sought. Was the wound produced by a bullet? Could the injury have been self-inflicted? From what direction was the shot fired? How far was
SHALLOW IMPURITIES IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS

Energy spectra of shallow impurities (donors and acceptors) in quantum wells are studied within the effective mass approximation. New theoretical calculations on donor states in quantum wells are presented. A model potential which allows a simple and fairly accurate estimate of the entire spectrum of donors in quantum wells with intermediate width (20–300 A) is introduced. New developments for acceptors in strained-layer quantum wells (GaAs–Ga 1– x In x As) are reported. The effect of biaxial strain on the electronic structure of the strained-layer quantum well is properly included.
FULLY COATED SHORT STEMS: ANY USE AT ALL?

Revision of the failed femoral component of a total hip arthroplasty can be challenging. Multiple reconstructive options are available and the operation itself can be particularly difficult and thus meticulous preoperative planning is required to pick the right “tool” for the case at hand. The Paprosky Femoral Classification is useful as it helps the surgeon determine what bone stock is available for fixation and hence, which type of femoral reconstruction is most appropriate. Monoblock, fully porous coated diaphyseal engaging femoral components are the “work-horse” of femoral revision. This type of a stem is used in my practice for Type 1–3a femoral defects. These stems are not used, however, in the following situations: The canal diameter is greater than 18mm; There is less than 4cm available for distal fixation in the isthmus; There is proximal femoral remodeling into retroversion. While many surgeons often believe that revision femoral components need to be “long”, they really only need to be long enough to engage 4cm of intact femoral isthmus, which is oftentimes the shortest, “primary length” fully porous coated stem. Advantages of using a shorter revision stem include: Easier surgical technique as you avoid the femoral bow, with a lower risk of fracture and under-sizing; Preserves bone stock for future revisions if required; Easier to remove if required.
Chapter 15 – Grounding requirements for electrical equipment

Publisher Summary In a hazardous location grounding of an electrical power system and bonding of enclosures of circuits and electrical equipment in the power system is essential. A ground fault may produce serious over voltages if the neutral of a power system is not grounded to the earth putting the insulation of circuits and electrical equipment under stress, resulting in sparks. A ground resistor of about the same ohmic value as the total charging capacitive reactance to the earth is generally sufficient to completely eliminate a dangerous overvoltage. There are two types of grounding conductors: an internal and external grounding conductor. With the neutral of the power system grounded, dangerous arcs or sparks can also be completely eliminated by: (1) Using an internal or external grounding conductor between the electrical equipment housing and the neutral of the power supplying equipment. (2) Bonding the housing of the electrical equipment to a supplementary grounding system that must be connected to the grounded neutral of the power supply equipment. It eliminates arcs or sparks and shock hazards in case of insulation failure. However, external grounding conductors consisting of rigid metal conduits are usually less reliable than internal copper grounding conductors. The chapter also outlines constituents of a supplementary grounding system. By applying supplementary grounding in a hazardous location the potential differences between the electrical equipment and earth during a phase to ground fault can be reduced. However, a supplementary grounding system cannot be used in lieu of internal or external grounding conductors.
On Buyer Selection of Service Providers in Online Outsourcing Platforms for IT Services

The Internet has presumably created a level playing field that allows any service provider across the globe to compete for contracts on online outsourcing platforms for information technology IT services. In this paper, we empirically examine a how country language, time zone, cultural differences and the country's IT development affect buyers' selection of service providers in online outsourcing platforms; and b how the reputation of service providers moderates the proposed effects of country differences and the country's IT development. We integrated a unique data set formed by a sample of 11,541 software development projects from an online outsourcing platform matched with archival sources on the language, time zone, culture, and IT development of countries. Since price is typically endogenous in any supply demand system, we used the exogenous variation of the normalized exchange rate of the currency among countries, as a "cost-shifter" type instrumental variable IV for econometric identification. Our panel data analyses results both with and without IV show that buyers are negatively affected by country differences in terms of language, time zone, and culture, and prefer service providers from countries with higher IT development. Notably, the reputation of service providers attenuates the negative effects of language and cultural but not time zone differences, while it substitutes the positive effect of the country's IT development. We discuss the study's theoretical and managerial implications for understanding the global dynamics of online outsourcing platforms and better designing these platforms. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0709 .
Rotation-induced superfluid-normal phase separation in trapped Fermi gases

We use the Bogoliubov--de Gennes formalism to analyze the effects of rotation on the ground-state phases of harmonically trapped Fermi gases, under the assumption that quantized vortices are not excited. We find that the rotation breaks Cooper pairs that are located near the trap edge, and that this leads to a phase separation between the nonrotating superfluid (fully paired) atoms located around the trap center and the rigidly rotating normal (nonpaired) atoms located toward the trap edge, with a coexistence (partially paired) region in between. Furthermore, we show that the superfluid phase that occurs in the coexistence region is characterized by a gapless excitation spectrum, and that it is distinct from the gapped phase that occurs near the trap center.
Relative trace formulae toward Bessel and Fourier–Jacobi periods on unitary groups

We propose an approach, via relative trace formulae, toward the global restriction problem involving Bessel or Fourier–Jacobi periods on unitary groups \({{\rm U}_n \times {\rm U}_m}\) , generalizing the work of Jacquet–Rallis for m = n − 1 (which is a Bessel period). In particular, when m = 0, we recover a relative trace formula proposed by Flicker concerning Kloosterman/Fourier integrals on quasi-split unitary groups. As evidences for our approach, we prove the vanishing part of the fundamental lemmas in all cases, and the full lemma for \({{\rm U}_n \times {\rm U}_n}\) .
Well-posedness for compressible Euler equations with physical vacuum singularity

An important problem in the theory of compressible gas flows is to understand the singular behavior of vacuum states. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the system becomes degenerate at the vacuum boundary, where the characteristic speeds u ± c coincide and have unbounded spatial derivative since c behaves like x 1/2 close to the boundary. In this paper, we overcome this difficulty by presenting a new formulation and new energy spaces. We establish the local-in-time well-posedness of one-dimensional compressible Euler equations for isentropic flows with the physical vacuum singularity in some spaces adapted to the singularity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Staggered sheaves on partial flag varieties

Staggered t-structures are a class of t-structures on derived categories of equivariant coherent sheaves. In this Note, we show that the derived category of coherent sheaves on a partial flag variety, equivariant for a Borel subgroup, admits a staggered t-structure with the property that all objects in its heart have finite length. As a consequence, we obtain a basis for its equivariant K-theory consisting of simple staggered sheaves. To cite this article: P.N. Achar, D.S. Sage, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).
Invariant random subgroups of strictly diagonal limits of finite symmetric groups

We classify the ergodic invariant random subgroups of strictly diagonal limits of finite symmetric groups
A generative spike train model with time-structured higher order correlations

Emerging technologies are revealing the spiking activity in ever larger neural ensembles. Frequently, this spiking is far from independent, with correlations in the spike times of different cells. Understanding how such correlations impact the dynamics and function of neural ensembles remains an important open problem. Here we describe a new, generative model for correlated spike trains that can exhibit many of the features observed in data. Extending prior work in mathematical finance, this generalized thinning and shift (GTaS) model creates marginally Poisson spike trains with diverse temporal correlation structures. We give several examples which highlight the model's flexibility and utility. For instance, we use it to examine how a neural network responds to highly structured patterns of inputs. We then show that the GTaS model is analytically tractable, and derive cumulant densities of all orders in terms of model parameters. The GTaS framework can therefore be an important tool in the experimental and theoretical exploration of neural dynamics.
The Density of Mid-sized Kuiper Belt Objects from ALMA Thermal Observations

The densities of mid-sized Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are a key constraint in understanding the assembly of objects in the outer solar system. These objects are critical for understanding the currently unexplained transition from the smallest KBOs with densities lower than that of water, to the largest objects with significant rock content. Mapping this transition is made difficult by the uncertainties in the diameters of these objects, which maps into an even larger uncertainty in volume and thus density. The substantial collecting area of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array allows significantly more precise measurements of thermal emission from outer solar system objects and could potentially greatly improve the density measurements. Here we use new thermal observations of four objects with satellites to explore the improvements possible with millimeter data. We find that effects due to effective emissivity at millimeter wavelengths make it difficult to use the millimeter data directly to find diameters and thus volumes for these bodies. In addition, we find that when including the effects of model uncertainty, the true uncertainties on the sizes of outer solar system objects measured with radiometry are likely larger than those previously published. Substantial improvement in object sizes will likely require precise occultation measurements.
Insider trading and the short-swing profit rule

Abstract The short-swing profit rule is a federal statute that requires insiders to forfeit any trading profit earned from a combined purchase and sale that occurs within a six-month period. Using a multi-period strategic rational expectations equilibrium framework, I demonstrate that the rule tends to reduce both the amount of insider trading and the amount of profit earned by an informed insider from information-based trades because the rule imposes a constraint on the insider's dynamic trading strategy. Nevertheless, the rule increases the insider's welfare at the expense of uninformed investors (outsiders) because the rule inhibits risk sharing, which leads to an ex ante wealth transfer from outsiders to the insider.
Gaiotto’s Lagrangian Subvarieties via Derived Symplectic Geometry

Let BunG be the moduli space of G-bundles on a smooth complex projective curve. Motivated by a study of boundary conditions in mirror symmetry, Gaiotto (2016) associated to any symplectic representation of G a Lagrangian subvariety of T∗BunG. We give a simple interpretation of (a generalization of) Gaiotto’s construction in terms of derived symplectic geometry. This allows to consider a more general setting where symplectic G-representations are replaced by arbitrary symplectic manifolds equipped with a Hamiltonian G-action and with an action of the multiplicative group that rescales the symplectic form with positive weight.
Learning from one’s own errors and those of others

Three experiments investigated the effects of making errors oneself, as compared to just hearing the correct answer without error generation, hearing another person make an error, or being "on-the-hook," that is, possibly but not necessarily being the person who would be "called-on" to give a response. In all three experiments, generating either an error of commission or generating the correct response, oneself, out loud, compared to being a person who heard another's commission errors (or correct responses), was beneficial for later recall of the correct answer. Experiment 1 suggested that the decrement in recall from self- to other-generation could be partially offset by being "on-the-hook." However, this benefit was fragile and did not hold up either at a delay or when the presence of the other participants was downplayed. The beneficial effect of self-generation, both of correct responses and of errors of commission is consistent with reconsolidation theory. That theory holds that retrieval has a special status as a memory process that renders the retrieved traces labile. If the person was correct, reconsolidating the correct trace results in strengthening. If wrong, the malleability of the retrieved trace implied by reconsolidation theory makes it open to enhanced modification and correction. If the person was not the agent who retrieved, though, such as when someone else retrieves information, or when nothing is retrieved as is the case with omission errors (which we argue is truly how the term "unsuccessful retrieval" should be used), the benefit conferred by the special malleability entailed by the postulated reconsolidation process does not obtain.
All the president's friends: Political access and firm value

Abstract Using data on White House visitors from 2009 through 2015, we find that corporate executives’ meetings with key policymakers are associated with positive abnormal stock returns. We also find evidence suggesting that firms receive more government contracts and are more likely to receive regulatory relief (as measured by the tone of regulatory news) following meetings with federal government officials. Using the 2016 presidential election as a shock to political access, we find that firms with access to the Obama administration experience significantly lower stock returns following the release of the election result than otherwise similar firms. Overall, our results provide evidence suggesting that political access is of significant value to corporations.
CAN MEDIAL PIVOT TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY DESIGN DECREASE THE NEED FOR POST-OPERATIVE MANIPULATION UNDER ANAESTHESIA?

BACKGROUND The need for post-operative manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for stiffness after primary total knee arthroplasty is a frustrating complication that can lead to suboptimal outcomes if range-of-motion to a functional level is not regained. Implant morphology and kinematics, PCL imbalance, and soft-tissue balancing can all contribute to post-operative stiffness. Utilization of total knee arthroplasty components that replicate the native knee9s medial ball and socket kinematics may lead to easier maintenance of flexion post-operatively compared to conventional components. PURPOSE To determine if a medial pivot total knee arthroplasty design can reduce the need for post-operative MUA after primary total knee arthroplasty. METHODS A retrospective chart review of primary total knee arthroplasties performed between 2013 and 2016 by a single fellowship-trained joint replacement surgeon was performed. Cases that met criteria for inclusion were: primary total knee arthroplasty, identifiable implant based on operative report and/or post-operative radiographs, immediate post-operative passive flexion against gravity of at least 110 degrees, and availability of post-operative follow-up notes documenting range-of-motion that was either satisfactory or necessitating need for MUA. The need for a MUA was deemed necessary if post-operative flexion was not beyond 90 degrees within six weeks of surgery. The percentage of patients requiring MUA for a group implanted with the EVOLUTION Medial Pivot System was compared to a group implanted with all other designs (Stryker Triathlon CR, PS, TS). RESULTS One hundred fifty-six cases met criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. The Triathlon system was used predominantly in the first half of the study period and accounted for 65 (42%) of the cases performed. Six patients in this group underwent MUA and two patients required repeated MUA. An additional patient in the Triathlon group met the criteria for MUA but had other conditions which prevented the investigators from performing it. The percentage of patients who met the indication for MUA in the Triathlon group was 10.8%. The EVOLUTION system was used predominantly in the second half of the study period and accounted for 91 (58%) of the cases performed. There were two patients (2.2%) who met criteria for MUA and both patients subsequently underwent MUA. There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of patients meeting criteria for MUA in the EVOLUTION group compared with the Triathlon group (p=0.024). CONCLUSION Utilization of a medial ball and socket design for primary total knee arthroplasty allows the polyethylene implant to control the position of the femur on the tibia. This design possibly allows for improved early maintenance of post-operative flexion, which may minimize the need for post-operative MUA. For any figures or tables, please contact authors directly (see Info & Metrics tab above).
Polynomials whose coefficients coincide with their zeros

In this paper we consider monic polynomials such that their coefficients coincide with their zeros. These polynomials were first introduced by S. Ulam. We combine methods of algebraic geometry and dynamical systems to prove several results. We obtain estimates on the number of Ulam polynomials of degree N. We provide additional methods to obtain algebraic identities satisfied by the zeros of Ulam polynomials, beyond the straightforward comparison of their zeros and coefficients. To address the question about the existence of orthogonal Ulam polynomial sequences, we show that the only Ulam polynomial eigenfunctions of hypergeometric type differential operators are the trivial Ulam polynomials $$\{x^N\}_{N=0}^\infty $$ . We propose a family of solvable N-body problems such that their stable equilibria are the zeros of certain Ulam polynomials.
Comparative Evaluation of an Automated Kinetic Laser Nephelometer with Other Immunoprecipitin Technics for the Assay of Serum Immunoglobulins

A comparative evaluation of a laser nephelometer (J. T. Baker Immunology Series 420 Laser Nephelometer) with other immunoprecipitin methods in each of two separate laboratories is reported. This is a batch-oriented almost fully-automated laser nephelometer capable of both kinetic and end-point nephelometry. In the kinetic mode, it will automatically detect antigen-excess and perform multiple reassays of further dilutions of sample in a completely unattended mode. Both instrument maintenance and down-time were minimal in both laboratories. The data derived from manufacturer's kits for the assay of IgG, IgA, and IgM were compared to both commercial radial-immunodiffusion and a two-point fixed interval immunoturbidimetric method on a centrifugal fast analyzer. Correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9 in all instances, with variable bias depending on the assay. The apparent bias was felt to be due to a combination of factors including different antibody sources, variance in reference material, assay conditions, difference in measurement modality, and form of mathematical evaluation. The instrument was easy to operate, rapidly gained technologist acceptance, replicated various assay levels at coefficient of variations of less than 10% (between run) and fulfilled our expectations regarding the automatic detection of antigen excess and unattended sample reassay.
Scintigraphic Localization of Pheochromocytoma

Abstract We used a new radiopharmaceutical agent, [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG), to produce scintigraphic images of pheochromocytomas in eight patients. One day or more after injection, the only normal organ that displayed distinct concentrations of radioactivity was the urinary bladder. The [131I]MIBG was probably concentrated in adrenergic vesicles; in tissues where vesicles are numerous, such as pheochromocytomas, the radionuclide was retained for days. The spectrum of pheochromocytomas shown on the scintigrams was broad: intra-adrenal and extra-adrenal in location, benign and malignant in character, 0.2 to 65 g in weight, and with different hormone patterns in secretion. Tumors in four patients were not detected by computed tomography. In one patient, reoperation was undertaken only because the scintigram located the extra-adrenal tumors and thereby directed the surgeon's exploration. The method offers hope of safe and reliable localization of pheochromocytomas in their many guises. (N E...