cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering Weyl Phases and Nonlinear Hall Effects in Td-MoTe2

MoTe_{2} has recently attracted much attention due to the observation of pressure-induced superconductivity, exotic topological phase transitions, and nonlinear quantum effects. However, there has been debate on the intriguing structural phase transitions among various observed phases of MoTe_{2} and their connection to the underlying topological electronic properties. In this work, by means of density-functional theory calculations, we investigate the structural phase transition between the polar T_{d} and nonpolar 1T^{'} phases of MoTe_{2} in reference to a hypothetical high-symmetry T_{0} phase that exhibits higher-order topological features. In the T_{d} phase we obtain a total of 12 Weyl points, which can be created/annihilated, dynamically manipulated, and switched by tuning a polar phonon mode. We also report the existence of a tunable nonlinear Hall effect in T_{d}-MoTe_{2} and propose the use of this effect as a probe for the detection of polarity orientation in polar (semi)metals. By studying the role of dimensionality, we identify a configuration in which a nonlinear surface response current emerges. The potential technological applications of the tunable Weyl phase and the nonlinear Hall effect are discussed.
Only and Its Inferences

A semantic entry for only is developed, based first on Horn (A presuppositional analysis of only and even. In: Binnick RI, Davidson A, Green GM, Morgan JL (eds) CLS 5. Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago, pp 98–107, 1969) but revised with scalar uses in mind, specifically observations from Klinedinst (Scales and Only. Master’s thesis, UCLA, 2005). The scalar presupposition of only is discussed, and argued to be reducible to the ban against its vacuous use.
Facial Stereotype Bias Is Mitigated by Training

People automatically infer others’ personality (e.g., trustworthiness) based on facial appearance, and such facial stereotype biases predict real-world consequences across political, legal, and bus...
Does Change in Binge Drinking Reduce Risk of Repeat Sexual Assault Victimization? Evidence From Three Cohorts of Freshman Undergraduate Women:

Many college students who experience sexual assault experience subsequent (i.e., repeat) sexual assault incidents. There is also an established relationship between sexual assault and binge drinkin...
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy in the evaluation of elevated liver function tests after liver transplantation

Background Abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in post-liver transplant (LT) patients pose a challenge in the timing and selection of diagnostic modalities. There are little data regarding the accuracy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and liver biopsy (LB) in diagnosing post-transplant complications. Aim To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ERCP and LB in patients with non-vascular post-LT complications. Methods This single-center retrospective study evaluated patients undergoing both ERCP and LB for evaluation of elevated LFTs within 6 mo of LT from 2000 to 2017. Diagnostic operating characteristics including accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for various diagnoses were calculated for ERCP and LB. The R factor (ratio of alkaline phosphatase to alanine aminotransferase) was also calculated for each patient. Results Of the 1284 patients who underwent LT, 91 patients (74.7% males, mean age of 51) were analyzed. Anastomotic strictures (AS, 24.2%), acute cellular rejection (ACR, 11%) and concurrent AS/ACR (14.3%) were the most common diagnoses. ERCP carried an accuracy of 79.1% (95%CI: 69.3-86.9), LB had an accuracy of 93.4% (95%CI: 86.2-97.5), and the combination of the two had an accuracy of 100% (95%CI: 96-100). There was no difference between patients with AS and ACR in mean R factor (AS: 1.9 vs ACR: 1.1, P = 0.24). Adverse events did not differ between the two tests (ERCP: 3.1% vs LB: 1.1%, P = 0.31). Conclusion In patients with abnormal LFTs after LT without vascular complications, the combination of LB and ERCP carries low risk and improves diagnostic accuracy over either test alone.
Gender Roles, Sexual Assertiveness, and Sexual Victimization in LGBTQ Individuals

The present study examined relationships among sexual victimization, gender roles, and sexual assertiveness in an LGBTQ sample. Recruited via Mechanical Turk, 455 LGBTQ adults completed measures of sexual assertiveness, gender roles, and sexual assault victimization and perpetration. Some form of sexual victimization in the past year was reported by 31% of participants, and 66% reported some type of sexual victimization since the age of 14. Perpetration of sexual violence in the past year was reported by 17% of the sample, and 27% reported sexual violence perpetration since the age of 14. Logistic regressions revealed that gender roles predicted sexual victimization and sexual perpetration status. Additionally, sexual assertiveness was negatively correlated with both sexual victimization and perpetration status. Contrary to expectations, the interaction between gender roles and sexual assertiveness was not predictive of sexual victimization or perpetration. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Der Brügge-Kopenhagen-Prozess und seine zu stärkende Rolle bei der universitären postgradualen Weiterbildung

Based on which rules works professional training on university level? It cannot be qualified as a fundamental area of studies, which is subject to the Bologna Process, but is to be subsumed under the Brugge-Copenhagen-Process, in formal terms as well as substantial. Based on the Osnabrucker Declaration from November 30, 2020, academic as well as professional training are to be equalized on all levels. This article highlights, what thus needs to be considered.
Problem-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapies.

Psychoanalytic approaches, although still extensively used by practitioners, have been marginalized in treatment guidelines partly because of limited efficacy research. In recent years, several man...
Optimizing Sensor Locations to Improve the Worst Case Detection Performance of Sensor Detection Systems

Consider designing a sensor system to detect an emitter at an unknown location. For this scenario, it is common to place the sensors in a grid pattern. This paper shows that we can improve the worst case probability of detection over the grid pattern by optimizing the sensor locations. Using Torczon's local search algorithm, our results indicate that this algorithm can improve the worst case probability of detection by up to nearly 23% in the scenario considered.
Emerging investigator series: the role of chemical properties in human exposure to environmental chemicals

One of the ultimate goals of environmental exposure science is to mechanistically understand how chemical properties and human behavior interactively determine human exposure to the wide spectrum of chemicals present in the environment. This comprehensive review assembles state-of-the-art knowledge of the role of partitioning, dissociation, mass transfer, and reactive properties in human contact with and absorption of organic chemicals via oral, dermal, and respiratory routes. Existing studies have revealed that chemicals with different properties vary greatly in mass distribution and occurrence among multiple exposure media, resulting in distinct patterns of human intake from the environment. On the other hand, these chemicals encounter different levels of resistance in the passage of intestinal, dermal, and pulmonary absorption barriers and demonstrate different levels of bioavailability, due to the selectivity of biochemical, anatomical and physiological structures of these absorption barriers. Moving forward, the research community needs to gain more in-depth mechanistic insights into the complex processes in human exposure, advance the technique to better characterize and predict chemical properties, generate and leverage experimental data for a more diverse range of chemicals, and describe better the interactions between chemical properties and human behavior.
Lag-1 Acetylation of Lipopolysaccharide

This chapter determines whether developmental changes in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affect the ability of Legionella pneumophila to alter phagosome maturation. Modifications of the LPS of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains have been correlated to virulence and serum sensitivity. Spontaneous mutants lacking the lag-1 gene lose reactivity with MAb 3/1, and expression of the gene in trans restores MAb 3/1 reactivity as well as acetyltransferase activity. To test whether acetylation of the O-antigen affects phagosome maturation, the authors constructed a lag-1 mutant and compared its fate in murine macrophages to a wild-type serogroup 1 L. pneumophila strain (Lp02). Thus, the authors examined any dot-specific effects by also analyzing a lag-1 dotA double mutant in addition to a dotA single mutant. The authors first investigated whether the LPS of the lag-1 mutant differed from wild type by using immunofluorescence, Western blot, and bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon (BATH) assays. Cytotoxicity was determined by analyzing macrophage viability after a 1-h incubation with bacteria at a high multiplicity of infection. Accordingly, their working model is that, by acetylating its LPS during the replicative phase, intracellular bacteria release the inhibition to fusion with endosomal vacuoles while increasing their resistance to lysosomal enzymes. By modifying the pathogen’s surface according to growth phase, the LPS armor can alternately contribute both to transmission and to replication within key defenders of the human immune system.
A process analysis of integrated and non-integrated approaches to supported employment

Objective: For many years, vocational and clinical services for persons with severe mental illness have been separated (i.e., non-integrated) in the United States. Recent research on supported employment shows, however, that combined vocational and clinical services within the same team (i.e., integrated services) produce higher rates of competitive employment than non-integrated services. Design: To understand the advantages of integrating vocational and clinical services, the authors examined quantitative pro- cess data, ethnographic findings, and qualitative interview data from practitioners in three independent studies of supported employment. Results: Integrated services offer four consistent advantages over non-integrated services: (1) more effective engagement and retention, (2) better communication, (3) opportunities for clinicians to understand and focus on employment, and (4) incorporation of clinical information into vocational plans and services. Conclusions: Combining clinical and vocational services within multidisciplinary teams is consistent with the general movement toward developing integrated systems of care. Integrated services are more effective than parallel services because clinicians rather than clients assume the burden of coordination, consistency, and coherence.
Phase Plane Behavior of Solitary Waves in Nonlinear Layered Media

The one-dimensional elastic wave equations for compressional waves have the form $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} \hfill {{{ \in }_{t}}(x,t) - {{u}_{x}}(x,t) = 0} \\ \hfill {{{{(\rho (x)u(x,t))}}_{t}} - \sigma {{{( \in (x,t),x)}}_{x}} = 0} \\ \end{array} $$ (1) where e(x, t) is the strain and u(x, t) the velocity. We consider a heterogeneous material with the density specified by ρ(x) and a nonlinear constitutive relation for the stress given by a function σ(∈, x) that also varies explicitly with x. This is a hyperbolic system of conservation laws with a spatially-varying flux function, q t + f(q, x) x = 0.
Four Steps Towards the Widespread Adoption of a Semantic Web

This paper suggests four steps towards the realization of a semantic web. Promotion of the idea should be based on practical application. There is need for the immediate development of practical demonstration applications. Simplicity and tolerance of error should be prime targets of research and development. An Open Source project to develop and populate a framework of tools and applications should be started.
On the analysis of rotation and stress rate in deforming bodies

When a solid element experience large deformations, the components of stress will, in general, vary as a result of material rotation. These changes occur even in the absence of additional strain, and need to be accounted for in formulating constitutive laws that involve the rate of change of stress. In this paper the correction terms are extended to the case when material axes become strongly skewed. An expression for the rate of material rotation as an explicit function of vorticity, rate of deformation and stretch is derived. It is then shown that the rate of change of stress depends on the rate of material rotation. As an example, expressions for material rotation and stress are derived for a hypoelastic material undergoing uniform, rectilinear, shear. The shear stress is compared with a solution that neglects skewing of the axes, and it is found that, for the example, skewing may be neglected for strains less than 0.4. Finally, the use of these relations in numerical calculations involving finite deformation is discussed.
Role of oleate in the regulation of "neutral" rabbit liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase activity.

Abstract Homogeneous rabbit liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (specific activity of 35 at pH 7.3 and 30°) was activated by various fatty acids, of which oleate was the most effective. In the absence of oleate or other activators, the enzyme had a pH optimum at 8.4 with either Mn2+ or Mg2+. The addition of oleate imposed additional "neutral" activity onto the activity observed in its absence. Activation by oleate was half-maximal at a concentration of 4 µm and had a pH optimum of 7.1 with either metal. Oleate or 3-phosphoglycerate protected the enzyme from inactivation by ATP and ADP. Half-maximal protection against inactivation by 1.5 mm ATP was found with either 9 µm oleate or 90 µm 3-phosphoglycerate. AMP inhibition of the oleate-protected or untreated enzyme was cooperative, with 50% inhibition observed at 17 µm AMP. In contrast, the ATP-inactivated enzyme showed noncooperative AMP inhibition with a Ki of 7 µm. Physical interaction of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and oleate was supported by demonstration of the solubilization of [14C]oleic acid adsorbed on Celite. Fatty acids appear to be unique among physiologically occurring effectors of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in that they serve as potent activators and also protect the enzyme from ATP inactivation.
p -adic Numbers

Having built our foundation, we can now apply the general theory to the specific case of the field ℚ of rational numbers. Extending our scope to include all fields of algebraic numbers (i.e., finite extensions of ℚ), or even to include what the experts call “global fields” in general, would not be very hard. Nevertheless, we have preferred to stick, at first, to the most concrete example available. In a later chapter, we will consider some aspects of the problem of extending valuations from ℚ to larger fields. More details about the theory of valuations on global fields can be found in several of the references.
Never-Dried Cotton Fibers Part V: Density Determination of Never-Dried Cotton

The density (ρc) of never-dried cotton has been measured in its wet state. It is found to be 1.536 ± 0.006 g cm⁻³. This quantity is essential when it is necessary to determine add-ons in grafting experiments, and the present method avoids the need of having to know the initial weight of never-dried cotton in such experiments.
Hyperspectral imaging of rivers and estuaries

The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is the first spaceborne imaging spectrometer designed to sample the coastal ocean. HICO samples selected coastal regions at 92 m ground sample distance with full spectral coverage (88 channels covering 400 to 900 nm) and a high signal-to-noise ratio to resolve the complexity of the coastal ocean. HICO has been operating on the International Space Station since October 2009 and collected over 8000 scenes for more than 50 users. We have been using HICO data to study major rivers and estuaries in the US and Asia. Our results show the advantages of HICO’s additional spectral channels and higher spatial resolution for studying these complex coastal waters. We use these data to suggest requirements for spatial and spectral sampling for future ocean color sensors.
The Sura of the Poets: "Final Conclusions"?

In JAL (2004), an article by Professor Irfan Shahīd appeared, defiantly entitled "The Sūra of the Poets, Qur'ān xxvi: Final Conclusions." That article, however, offers neither an analytical study nor an exegetical interpretation of Sura xxvi. Rather, focusing almost exclusively on three of the last four āyas of the sura (224-226), the author presents a diffuse apologia for his view (already advanced in earlier publications) that this sura in general and these āyas in particular must be acknowledged as incontrovertible textual grounds that prove "clearly" the qur'ānic origin of I'jāz al-Qur'ān: the Islamic doctrine upholding the miraculous "literary" (Shahīd's word) inimitability of the language, style, and verbal beauty of the Scripture revealed to God's Messenger, Muhammad. But, apart from failing to deal with Sura xxvi as a whole in an article whose title promises to arrive at " final conclusions" about that sura, Professor Shahīd seems to be guilty in building his case of "playing fast and loose" both with the language of the revealed text itself and with the discourse and opinions of scholars whose writings he consults—whether they be traditional Muslim philologists and mufassirū;n or modern scholarly writers and editors whose views he might deem supportive or with whom he might agree or disagree. I undertake to point out some of the more unsound assumptions, presuppositions, and speculations on which Shahīd's "final conclusions" are based; to correct some of the more cogent linguistic and philological errors and misconceptions which undermine his arguments; and to "set the record straight" regarding precisely what the sources that he cites and refers to did, in fact say. Readers may find it worthwhile to know what, for instance, at-Tabarī, az-Zamaxsarī, and I actually did say, rather than what Professor Shahīd claims we said.
GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE WICKENS TECHNIQUE

A group-administered Wickens task yielded results similar to the individually administered procedure. 19 seventh-grade students were tested under both individual and group procedures, shifting on t...
A guidewire-assisted technique for removing retained biliary stents with rat-toothed forceps during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

Endoscopically placed biliary stents migrate proximally in approximately 5% of cases1 and their retrieval may be technically difficult.2,3 Dormia baskets, balloon catheters, sphincterotomes, Soehendra stent retrievers, and rat-toothed forceps have been used, either alone or in combination with biliary sphincterotomy, to remove proximally migrated stents.2-5 Patients undergoing liver transplant frequently have a T-tube inserted across the choledochocholedochostomy to ensure anastomotic patency. A 5F latex urinary catheter may also be used intraductally to maintain anastomotic patency, and these stents, which do not have flaps, are intended to pass spontaneously within a few weeks. Retention of a latex stent
Structure of disordered ethylene adsorbed on Pt(111) analyzed by diffuse LEED: asymmetrical di-σ bonding favored

The adsorption structure of ethylene on Pt(111) at 200 K is studied by means of diffuse low-energy electron diffraction (DLEED), analyzing diffuse intensity versus energy, DI(E), curves. The data favor a mixed occupation of two similar sites with the centers of the CC bonds above both fcc and hcp sites and very similar local structures. In each case, the best-fit adsorption geometry is asymmetrical between the two carbon atoms, the molecular axes likely being titled with respect to the surface plane by about 22°. Substrate relaxation is undetectable.
A Fully Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm with Small Implicit Diffusion

In numerical modeling of physical phenomena it is often necessary to solve the advective transport equation for positive definite scalar functions. Numerical schemes of second- or higher-order accuracy can produce negative values in the solution due to the dispersive ripples. Lower-order schemes, such as the donor cell or Lax-Friedrichs, or higher-order schemes with zeroth-order diffusion added produce no ripples but suffer from excessive implicit diffusion. In the last ten years a possible resolution of this dilemma has been developed in the form of hybrid schemes, in which the advective fluxes are given as a weighted average of a first-order positive definite scheme’s fluxes and a higher-order scheme’s fluxes. The difference in determination of the weights in the calculation of the average advective fluxes has led to different hybrid schemes. Two main hybrid-type schemes have been developed. One, the so called flux-corrected transport (FCT) method, was originated by Boris and Book [ I-31 and generalized by Zalesak [ 141; the other was developed by Harten and Zwas [ 6,9] in the form of the self-adjusting hybrid schemes (SAHS) method. Both methods were constructed to deal effectively with shocks and contact discontinuities. Solutions of the advection transport equation obtained by using FCT or SAHS maintain positive definiteness of the initial condition and, as can be seen from presented tests (Zalesak [ 141, Harten [6]), be very accurate. Unfortunately, application of these methods to the modeling of complex multidimensional hydrodynamical systems like atmospheric phenomena is rather limited due to the excessive computer time required. Furthermore, in many hydrodynamical systems,
Maxillary brown tumor of secondary hyperparathyroidism in a hemodialysis patient.

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM of any etiology may result in a focal lesion of bone called a "brown tumor." 1 This mass occurs most often in the ribs, clavicle, and pelvic girdle. We describe an adolescent hemodialysis patient with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in whom a mass lesion of the maxilla developed, which histologically was a brown tumor. This unusual manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism can be expected to occur more often with increased longevity of patients with chronic renal failure and illustrates the need to include brown tumor in the differential diagnosis of any bony mass. Although parathyroidectomy is said to be curative, 2 our patient demonstrated an unexplained rapid tumor growth after parathyroid surgery. Report of a Case An 18-year-old woman with chronic renal failure caused by chronic glomerulonephritis showed the development of a maxillary mass (Fig 1) after two years of maintenance hemodialysis. Histological examination showed a brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism (Fig
Elevated growth hormone secretory rate in premature infants: Deconvolution analysis of pulsatile growth hormone secretion in the neonate

Premature infants have higher circulating concentrations of growth hormone (GH) than term infants. Previous investigations of these differences have used sampling frequencies of every 30 min with subsequent application of pulse detection algorithms, such as the CLUSTER program, to assess serum GH pulse parameters. To determine differences in GH secretory rates or GH t1/2 values between premature and term infants, we have sampled 11 neonates at 15-min intervals. We performed deconvolution analysis of the resultant plasma GH values to estimate GH secretory and clearance parameters. Five premature infants (gestational age range 24-34 wk) and six term infants (gestational age range 38-42 wk) were sampled every 15 min for 6 h. All subjects had indwelling arterial catheters. GH was measured (in duplicate) by RIA using 10 microL of plasma. Premature infants had higher secretory burst amplitudes (2.2 +/- 0.13 micrograms/L/min versus 1.4 +/- 0.27 micrograms/L/min, p = 0.02), higher production rates (product of the total number of bursts and the mean mass of GH secreted per burst, 811 +/- 173 micrograms/L/6 h versus 283 +/- 77 micrograms/L/6 h, p = 0.03), and a higher mass of GH per secretory burst (106 +/- 25 micrograms/L versus 38 +/- 11 micrograms/L, p = 0.049) than term infants. The integrated plasma GH concentration exhibited a strong trend toward a higher value in the premature infants (18,100 +/- 800 micrograms/L versus 10,200 +/- 2,700 micrograms/L, p = 0.067).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predictors of Surgical Site Infection in Women Undergoing Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecologic Disease: A Multicenter Analysis Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Data

Abstract Study Objective To estimate the rate and predictors of surgical site infection (SSI) after hysterectomy performed for benign indications and to identify any association between SSI and other postoperative complications. Design Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. Patients Women who underwent abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy performed for benign indications from 2005 to 2011. Interventions Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of SSI and its association with other postoperative complications. Odds ratios were adjusted for patient demographic data, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, and operative factors. Measurements and Main Results Of 28 366 patients, 758 (3%) were diagnosed with SSI. SSI occurred more often after abdominal than laparoscopic hysterectomy (4% vs 2%; p 180 minutes. Among those who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy, predictors of SSI included perioperative blood transfusion, operative time >180 minutes, serum creatinine concentration ≥2 mg/dL, and platelet count ≥350 000 cells/mL 3 . For patients with deep or organ/space SSI, significant predictors included perioperative blood transfusion and American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥3 for abdominal hysterectomy, and non-white race, renal comorbidities, preoperative or perioperative blood transfusion, and operative time >180 minutes for laparoscopic hysterectomy. SSI was associated with longer hospital stay and higher rates of repeat operation, sepsis, renal failure, and wound dehiscence. SSI was not associated with increased 30-day mortality. Conclusions SSI occurred more often after abdominal hysterectomy than laparoscopic hysterectomy performed to treat benign gynecologic disease. SSI was associated with increased postoperative complications but not mortality. Several risk factors for SSI after each abdominal and laparoscopic hysterectomy were identified in this study.
Differential equations having rapidly changing solutions: Analytic methods for weakly nonlinear systems

Abstract Initial value problems for weakly nonlinear systems of differential equations are studied here. A perturbation result is obtained which is shown to give a valid approximation to the solution. The approximation is determined by solving two associated problems, and it is especially derived for problems which have rapidly oscillating and rapidly decaying solutions.
Load-Effective Dynamic Motion Planning for Redundant Manipulators

The robotic motion planning criteria has evolved from kinematics to dynamics in recent years. Many research achievements have been made in dynamic motion planning, but the externally applied loads are usually limited to the gravity force. Due to the increasing demand for generic tasks, the motion should be generated for various functions such as pulling, pushing, twisting, and bending. In this presentation, a comprehensive form of equations of motion, which includes the general external loads applied at any points of the system, is derived and implemented. An optimization-based algorithm is then developed to generate load-effective motions of redundant manipulators (single-loop and tree-structured chains) that guarantee the execution of the generic tasks under limited actuator capacities. It is shown that if the external loads are not incorporated in the motion planning formulation, then the generated motions do not always guarantee the execution of the task, especially when a large load is desired. By using our algorithm, the load-effective motions can be found that are executable for given external loads. The proposed method is also applicable in predicting realistic dynamic human motions. Some dual-arm human tasks are simulated to show different motions to sustain different amounts of external loads. Our formulation for general external loads will further advance the current motion planning methods for redundant manipulators.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Against All Enemies: Interpretations of American Military History from Colonial Times to the Present

"This book should be part of every professional development program. In fact, this book shows that reform' groups pose the greatest threat to our country's security, because their agendas generally impede progress and modernization. For this reason, if for no other, soldiers and civilians should read it."
Sorrow: A Therapist's Reflection on the Inevitable and the Unknowable

People who live with a painful gap between who they have been and who they are now, of who they dreamt themselves to be and who they still long to be, are living with chronic sorrow. Chronic sorrow is a normal, nonpathological state of pervasive, continuing, periodic, and resurgent sadness related to the ongoing losses associated with illness and disability, in this case not loss of an other, but loss of self (Roos, 2002). Focusing on the lives of four women, one of whom committed suicide, I explore the macroprocesses that invade the experience of even so personal an experience as self-loss. The role of the therapist is made transparent through anecdotes and by discussing implications for clinical practice.
Cycads: Fossil Evidence of Late Paleozoic Origin

Plant fossils from Lower Permian strata of the southwestern United States have been interpreted as cycadalean megasporophylls. They are evidently descended from spermopterid elements of the Pennsylvanian Taeniopteris complex; thus the known fossil history of the cycads is extended from the Late Triassic into the late Paleozoic. Possible implications of the Permian fossils toward evolution of the angiosperm carpel are considered.
New Issue Yield Spreads in the 30‐Year Treasury Bond Market

This paper investigates the seasoning process of yield spreads between newly issued and seasoned 30-year Treasury bonds. These securities provide a unique data set for analyzing this relationship in that they allow for control of noncoupon differences between securities that were present in previous studies on corporate bonds. The results indicate that, in contrast to the existing literature, there appears to be a price premium for newly issued securities. We attribute this difference primarily to be a function of a higher degree of liquidity inherent to newly issued Treasury bonds.
A novel lumazine synthase inhibitor derived from oxidation of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-naphthyridine to a tetraazaperylenehexaone derivative.

Air oxidation of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-naphthyridine afforded 2,5,8,11-tetraaza-5,11-dihydro-4,10-dihydroxyperylene-1,3,6,7,9,12-hexaone. X-ray crystallography of the product revealed that it ex...
Calculating properties with the polymorphous coherent-potential approximation

The formulas for calculating properties of an alloy such as the density of states, the charge density, and the Bloch spectral density function are derived from multiple-scattering theory for the polymorphous coherent-potential approximation (PCPA). The chemical shifts obtained for three alloy systems using the PCPA, the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker CPA, and the locally self-consistent multiple-scattering method are compared with experiment. A significant improvement in the treatment of Coulomb effects is achieved using the PCPA with only a little more computational effort than for the older isomorphous CPA's. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Big data in astronomy

Astronomy has been one of the first areas of science to embrace and learn from big data. Eric D. Feigelson and G. Jogesh Babu tell of the efforts, the challenges, and some of the ways it is transforming our knowledge of the cosmos.
Force deployment and the production of security: Why is the united states in NATO?

Standard economic concepts of production and cost minimization subject to a production constraint are used to derive the conditions of optimal deployment of home and forward military forces for the production of home security. United States' participation in the NATO alliance is then analyzed in the context of a two‐ally (U.S. and Western Europe) optimal force deployment model of NATO. Next, U.S. force‐basing policy is adduced as an enforcement mechanism for the “transatlantic contract.” Lastly, statistical evidence on burden sharing within Western Europe, and the effectiveness of the U.S. contract enforcement policy, is presented.
Mutations in α-tubulin promote basal body maturation and flagellar assembly in the absence of δ-tubulin

We have isolated suppressors of the deletion allele of δ-tubulin, uni3-1 , in the biflagellate green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . The deletion of δ-tubulin produces cells that assemble zero, one or two flagella and have basal bodies composed primarily of doublet rather than triplet microtubules. Flagellar number is completely restored in the suppressed strains. Most of the uni3-1 suppressors map to the TUA2 locus, which encodes α2-tubulin. Twelve independent tua2 mutations were sequenced. Amino acids D205 or A208, which are nearly invariant residues in α-tubulin, were altered. The tua2 mutations on their own have a second phenotype - they make the cells colchicine supersensitive. Colchicine supersensitivity itself is not needed for suppression and colchicine cannot phenocopy the suppression. The suppressors partially restore the assembly of triplet microtubules. These results suggest that the δ-tubulin plays two roles: it is needed for extension or stability of the triplet microtubule and also for early maturation of basal bodies. We suggest that the mutant α-tubulin promotes the early maturation of the basal body in the absence of δ-tubulin, perhaps through interactions with other partners, and this allows assembly of the flagella.
FRET-Capture: A Sensitive Method for the Detection of Dynamic Protein Interactions

Caught in the act: The FRET-Capture approach exploits a bound solvatochromic fluorophore, 4-N,N-dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide, as a FRET donor in both inter- and intramolecular energy transfer. A unique feature of this method is the additional level of signal selectivity as the FRET signal is only turned on when the donor is specifically bound to the protein of interest, eliminating high background and false positive signals.
Pathways and consequences: Hedgehog signaling in human disease

Signaling pathways that play a fundamental role during development are turning out to underlie many disease states when misregulated. Here, we review some of the recent findings in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and the role it plays in different human diseases. We present a summary of the diseases that result from the inactivation or inappropriate activation of the Hh pathway. The human phenotypes generally fit the findings in model organisms and help to identify some potential targets for therapy.
The role of symmetry in fundamental physics.

Until the 20th century principles of symmetry played little conscious role in theoretical physics. The Greeks and others were fascinated by the symmetries of objects and believed that these would be mirrored in the structure of nature. Even Kepler attempted to impose his notions of symmetry on the motion of the planets. Newton’s laws of mechanics embodied symmetry principles, notably the principle of equivalence of inertial frames, or Galilean invariance. These symmetries implied conservation laws. Although these conservation laws, especially those of momentum and energy, were regarded to be of fundamental importance, these were regarded as consequences of the dynamical laws of nature rather than as consequences of the symmetries that underlay these laws. Maxwell’s equations, formulated in 1865, embodied both Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance. But these symmetries of electrodynamics were not fully appreciated for over 40 years or more.
Early clinical and radiographic results of minimally invasive anterior approach hip arthroplasty.

We present a retrospective review of the early results and complications in a series of 35 consecutive patients with 43 total hip arthroplasties performed through an anterior muscle sparing minimally invasive approach. We found the early complication rates and radiographic outcomes comparable to those reported from arthroplasties performed via traditional approaches. Complications included dislocation (2&#x25;), femur fracture (2&#x25;), greater trochanteric fracture (12&#x25;), postoperative periprosthetic intertrochanteric fracture (2&#x25;), femoral nerve palsy (5&#x25;), hematoma (2&#x25;), and postoperative iliopsoas avulsion (2&#x25;). Radiographic analysis revealed average cup anteversion of , average cup abduction angle of , stem varus of , and a mean leg length discrepancy of 0.7&#x2009;mm. The anterior approach to the hip is an attractive alternative to the more traditional approaches. Acceptable component placement with comparable complication rates is possible using a muscle sparing technique which may lead to faster overall recovery.
Behavioral risk factors and use of preventive services among veterans in Washington State.

Abstract Background. Little is known about the special preventive health needs of U.S. veterans and the 3.6 million users of VA health care. Methods. The Washington State version of the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Survey included three new questions about veteran status and use of VA health care. Data on this population-based sample of 3,608 adults were used to compare sociodemographic, health, and behavioral characteristics between veterans and nonveterans and between VA users and nonusers. Results. Veterans were nearly 13 years older than nonveterans. VA users were socioeconomically worse off and had poorer health status than nonusers. Current smoking among males was more common among veterans than among nonveterans (24% vs 18%). This difference persisted after controlling for age, race, education, and income and held across all age groups. Use of several screening tests varied little in relation to veteran or VA user status. Conclusions. The BRFSS has become a rich source of data on veteran health. Veterans and VA users have distinct sociodemographic profiles that must be considered when comparing health-related characteristics. Cigarette smoking is especially prevalent among veterans—an excess unexplained by sociodemographic differences.
Inhibition of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Activity Prevents Glutamate Transporter Degradation and Morphine Tolerance

Glutamate transporters play a crucial role in physiological glutamate homeostasis and neurotoxicity. Recently, we have shown that downregulation of glutamate transporters after chronic morphine exposure contributed to the development of morphine tolerance. In the present study, we examined whether regulation of the glutamate transporter expression with the proposed proteasome inhibitor MG-132 would contribute to the development of tolerance to repeated intrathecal (twice daily x 7 days) morphine administration in rats. The results showed that MG-132 (5 nmol) given intrathecally blocked morphine-induced glutamate transporter downregulation and the decrease in glutamate uptake activity within the spinal cord dorsal horn. Co-administration of morphine (15 nmol) with MG-132 (vehicle=1<2.5<5=10 nmol) also dose-dependently prevented the development of morphine tolerance in rats. These findings suggest that prevention of spinal glutamate transporter downregulation may regulate the glutamatergic function that has been implicated in the development of morphine tolerance. The possible relationship between MG-132-mediated regulation of glutamate transporters, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the cellular mechanisms of morphine tolerance is discussed in light of these findings.
Metal ion detection using a fluorogenic ‘click’ reaction

Abstract A fluorogenic Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) of 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin has been used to detect metal ions in solution. The formation of a highly fluorescent triazole product signals the presence of Cu(I) or Cu(II) ions at micromolar concentrations. CuAAC can be modified by using an exogenous ligand like EDTA to detect and quantify Zn(II), Ca(II), and Cd(II) ions at micromolar concentrations by an allosteric mechanism. The increase in the formation of the triazole product is regulated by the release of Cu(II) from the Cu(II)–EDTA complex by the addition of a second metal ion, the allosteric effector.
Reliability Issues In Digital Image Archiving

Reliability issues are of prime concern in the design of a digital archive. We investigated the current archiving system to determine how reliable it was and what impact this had clinically. Although the digital archive will significantly improve the reliability of archiving, subsystem failures may negatively impact function. Scenarios are presented to identify potential problems with and solutions to subsystem failures of the digital archive.
Silicide formation with nickel and platinum double layers on silicon

Abstract Diffusion effects and silicide formation in double layers of electron-gun-evaporated thin films of nickel and platinum on 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 silicon substrates were studied by megaelectronvolt backscattering spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and glancing angle X-ray diffraction as a function of heat treatment (200–900 °C) for both sequences of thin films. It was found for the Si/Ni/Pt(Si/Pt/Ni) system that Ni 2 Si(Pt 2 Si) starts growing first. When all the nickel (platinum) has been consumed by this compound growth, platinum (nickel) diffuses through the Ni 2 Si(Pt 2 Si) layer and accumulates at the SiNi 2 Si(SiPt 2 Si) interface. This platinum (nickel) diffusion seems to be a grain boundary diffusion. For 〈100〉 Si/Ni/Pt samples with thin platinum layers it has been shown that platinum acts as a marker for the moving species in the transition from Ni 2 Si to NiSi. For thick platinum layers it was observed that similar processes occur, leading to essentially a four-layered silicide where the layers are alternately rich in nickel and rich in platinum (450 °C, 20 min). In the silicide for the 〈100〉 Si/Pt/Ni system the distribution of nickel and platinum is approximately the reverse of the asdeposited distribution (about 450 °C, 20 min). In the further evolution of the profiles the elemental distribution becomes smooth and flat for both sequences of the layers (750 °C, 20 min). We suggest the existence of a ternary of the type SiNi 1− x Pt x .
The Ages of Man: Medieval Interpretations of the Life Cycle

The book description for the previously published "The Ages of Man: Medieval Interpretations of the Life Cycle" is not yet available.
Second Sound and the Heat Conductivity in Helium II

By introducing a time of relaxation in a wave equation for second sound (1) relations between the dispersion of second sound and ordinary sound are derived; (2) the high heat conductivity of He II is related to second sound in the same way as the normal heat conductivity is related to ordinary sound on Debye's theory; (3) values for the time of relaxation and the velocity of of the heat flow are computed which are practically the same as for the flow of liquid He II through narrow slits above the critical velocity, indicating that in both cases the restriction of the flow is due to the same mechanism.
Comment on John T. Metzger's “Planned Abandonment: The Neighborhood Life‐Cycle Theory and National Urban Policy”

Abstract Metzger's analysis of the effects of the neighborhood life‐cycle theory is an interesting, yet flawed discussion of the relationship between public policy and theory. According to Metzger, Downs's theoretical model of urban dynamics had an enormous effect on decisions related to urban renewal, discriminatory lending, and other practices that had negative consequences on urban neighborhoods. Conversely, alternative urban models of neighborhood dynamics have generated positive impacts, such as the increased lending in low‐ and moderate‐income neighborhoods resulting from the Community Reinvestment Act. Metzger's analysis is flawed because he (1) never demonstrates that the neighborhood life‐cycle theory affected policy, rather than just legitimating existing ideas about urban dynamics, (2) does not accurately represent urban models developed as an alternative to ecological approaches, and (3) equates triage planning with discriminatory practices.
Bid-ask spreads in the interbank foreign exchange markets☆

Abstract This study provides evidence on quotations and bid-ask spreads in the wholesale foreign exchange market, and introduces a method to document variation in the placement of quotes relative to asset value. I find that spreads widen with proxies for inventory-carrying costs, including forecasts of price risk and a measure of liquidity costs. Increases in spreads before nontrading periods can also be attributed to inventory costs. The location of currency quotes in relation to value is not constant, and the outcome of hypothesis tests regarding changes in currency value can be sensitive to allowances for variation in quote location.
Quantitative analysis of organelle distribution and dynamics in Physcomitrella patens protonemal cells

In the last decade, the moss Physcomitrella patens has emerged as a powerful plant model system, amenable for genetic manipulations not possible in any other plant. This moss is particularly well suited for plant polarized cell growth studies, as in its protonemal phase, expansion is restricted to the tip of its cells. Based on pollen tube and root hair studies, it is well known that tip growth requires active secretion and high polarization of the cellular components. However, such information is still missing in Physcomitrella patens. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the participation of organelle organization in tip growth, it is essential to determine the distribution and the dynamics of the organelles in moss cells. We used fluorescent protein fusions to visualize and track Golgi dictyosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes in live protonemal cells. We also visualized and tracked chloroplasts based on chlorophyll auto-fluorescence. We showed that in protonemata all four organelles are distributed in a gradient from the tip of the apical cell to the base of the sub-apical cell. For example, the density of Golgi dictyosomes is 4.7 and 3.4 times higher at the tip than at the base in caulonemata and chloronemata respectively. While Golgi stacks are concentrated at the extreme tip of the caulonemata, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are totally excluded. Interestingly, caulonemata, which grow faster than chloronemata, also contain significantly more Golgi dictyosomes and fewer chloroplasts than chloronemata. Moreover, the motility analysis revealed that organelles in protonemata move with low persistency and average instantaneous speeds ranging from 29 to 75 nm/s, which are at least three orders of magnitude slower than those of pollen tube or root hair organelles. To our knowledge, this study reports the first quantitative analysis of organelles in Physcomitrella patens and will make possible comparisons of the distribution and dynamics of organelles from different tip growing plant cells, thus enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of plant polarized cell growth.