cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aflatoxin B1 influence on excised soya-bean root growth, 14C-leucine uptake and incorporation.

The present work reports a portion of our continuing effort to determine the mechanism(s) whereby aflatoxins cause toxic responses in in vitro cultured plant tissues. Few investigations have dealt with the mode of action of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in excised plant tissues. Here is detailed AFB1 influence on growth, uptake and incorporation of 14C-leucine by excised, incubated soya-bean roots. Pure AFB1 was added to culture medium prior to autoclaving. One gram fresh weight portions of roots from three-day old soya-bean seedlings were excised and incubated for 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Growth was assayed by following changes in root dry weight. Aflatoxin B1 inhibited root dry weight at both 20 and 30 μg/ml. Uptake of 14C-leucine was checked by following its depletion from the medium. Reduced 14C-leucine uptake by roots exposed to 20 μg/ml AFB1 suggests that the toxin may alter the plasmalemma. A possible role for AFB1 in modification of membrane-associated amino acid transport mechanisms is discussed. Incorporation of 14C-leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable cytoplasm was assayed. Inhibition of this incorporation at 20 μg/ml AFB1 was most apparent at 12 hours. Thus, AFB1 may also impair the ability of excised soya-bean roots to carry out protein synthesis.
To Simulate or Not To Simulate? Investigating Myths about Social Studies Simulations

While some educators assert that classroom simulations assist students in learning history, others posit that simulations can trivialize the past for students. In this article the authors argue there are many myths about simulations and that simulations are a defensible teaching activity if teachers enact them to encourage students’ interest in historical topics and challenge them to think critically and develop empathy for people who lived in the past. The authors draw on their research in two middle level teachers’ classes and the research of others to explore six myths about simulations. They also offer recommendations for teachers interested in creating educative simulations.
Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola: a report of two cases and a review of the literature

Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola is a rare and idiopathic disorder with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. We report two cases, discuss the clinical and histological findings, and review the literature pertaining to its pathogenesis and therapy. It is hoped that, through this report, nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola becomes a more recognizable and reported entity, thereby stimulating future studies regarding its pathogenesis and therapy.
A CAD system and quality assurance protocol for bone age assessment utilizing digital hand atlas

Determination of bone age assessment (BAA) in pediatric radiology is a task based on detailed analysis of patient's left hand X-ray. The current standard utilized in clinical practice relies on a subjective comparison of the hand with patterns in the book atlas. The computerized approach to BAA (CBAA) utilizes automatic analysis of the regions of interest in the hand image. This procedure is followed by extraction of quantitative features sensitive to skeletal development that are further converted to a bone age value utilizing knowledge from the digital hand atlas (DHA). This also allows providing BAA results resembling current clinical approach. All developed methodologies have been combined into one CAD module with a graphical user interface (GUI). CBAA can also improve the statistical and analytical accuracy based on a clinical work-flow analysis. For this purpose a quality assurance protocol (QAP) has been developed. Implementation of the QAP helped to make the CAD more robust and find images that cannot meet conditions required by DHA standards. Moreover, the entire CAD-DHA system may gain further benefits if clinical acquisition protocol is modified. The goal of this study is to present the performance improvement of the overall CAD-DHA system with QAP and the comparison of the CAD results with chronological age of 1390 normal subjects from the DHA. The CAD workstation can process images from local image database or from a PACS server.
Phylogenetic resolution and habitat specificity of members of the Photobacterium phosphoreum species group

Substantial ambiguity exists regarding the phylogenetic status of facultatively psychrophilic luminous bacteria identified as Photobacterium phosphoreum, a species thought to be widely distributed in the world's oceans and believed to be the specific bioluminescent light-organ symbiont of several deep-sea fishes. Members of the P. phosphoreum species group include luminous and non-luminous strains identified phenotypically from a variety of different habitats as well as phylogenetically defined lineages that appear to be evolutionarily distinct. To resolve this ambiguity and to begin developing a meaningful knowledge of the geographic distributions, habitats and symbiotic relationships of bacteria in the P. phosphoreum species group, we carried out a multilocus, fine-scale phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and luxABFE genes of many newly isolated luminous strains from symbiotic and saprophytic habitats, together with previously isolated luminous and non-luminous strains identified as P. phosphoreum from these and other habitats. Parsimony analysis unambiguously resolved three evolutionarily distinct clades, phosphoreum, iliopiscarium and kishitanii. The tight phylogenetic clustering within these clades and the distinct separation between them indicates they are different species, P. phosphoreum, Photobacterium iliopiscarium and the newly recognized 'Photobacterium kishitanii'. Previously reported non-luminous strains, which had been identified phenotypically as P. phosphoreum, resolved unambiguously as P. iliopiscarium, and all examined deep-sea fishes (specimens of families Chlorophthalmidae, Macrouridae, Moridae, Trachichthyidae and Acropomatidae) were found to harbour 'P. kishitanii', not P. phosphoreum, in their light organs. This resolution revealed also that 'P. kishitanii' is cosmopolitan in its geographic distribution. Furthermore, the lack of phylogenetic variation within 'P. kishitanii' indicates that this facultatively symbiotic bacterium is not cospeciating with its phylogenetically divergent host fishes. The results of this fine-scale phylogenetic analysis support the emerging view that bacterial species names should designate singular historical entities, i.e. discrete lineages diagnosed by a significant divergence of shared derived nucleotide characters.
Collaborative practice and provider styles of delivering health care

The delivery of primary health care involves complex interactive communication between the provider and patient. Describing the manner or style of this communication is important to more completely understand the delivery of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to examine provider's style of interaction with the patient and to compare the styles of nurse practitioners and physicians in joint practice. A total of 412 provider/patient clinic visits including 276 with physicians and 136 with nurse practitioners were videotaped and analyzed using a content-based interactive analysis system. Five provider style dimension indices were constructed including affiliation, control, somatic, psychosocial, and information indices. The results of this study show that the development of a content-based interactional analysis system which focuses on clinician activities can be useful in describing important aspects of the provider/patient encounter. Overall, there was little difference between nurse practitioner and physician style of interaction. Nurse practitioners, however, exhibited significantly more concern with psychosocial issues than physicians. Type of visit and visit history were also factors associated with provider style. Using the style dimension indices constructed for this study a typology of provider styles was developed.
THE SECRETION OF INVERTASE BY PLANT ROOTS

" It has not yet been definitely proved that the inversion of saccharose is due to invertase secreted into the culture solution. It is possible that the saccharose is inverted in the roots and the reducing sugars are secreted, but this is less probable. It is possible also that the enzyme may be released as a result of the death of root hairs or other cells of the root and that it is not secreted from living cells.'
Perspective of nondestructive evaluation for the transportation enterprise

This plenary presentation provides a big-picture perspective on the role of NDT/NDE technologies in addressing infrastructure needs, and NDE technology application opportunities in the National Technology Policy context. I will then focus on the Research and Special Program Administration regulatory responsibilities and research coordination activities relevant to the subject of NDE. Finally, on behalf of the Department of Transportation, I will discuss our strategic priorities in R&D and infrastructure renewal. Other DOT participants in this conference--representing the Federal Highway Administration, Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Rail Administration, and our maritime modes--will provide a window on the diverse NDE-related research and technology programs related their missions.
Lifelong learning in nursing: A Delphi study

Summary Background In order to foster a culture of lifelong learning in nursing, it is important to identify what the concept means in the nursing profession as well as the characteristics of a lifelong learner. Objectives The purpose of this Delphi study was to conceptualize lifelong learning from the perspective of nursing, and to identify characteristics and essential elements of lifelong learning. Design and Method A Delphi Study technique in three phases was completed using an online survey tool. Data were analyzed for conceptual description, ratings of characteristics and attributes, and expert consensus in these three phases. Setting An online survey tool was used in this study. Participants Recognized experts in nursing education, administration and public policy participated in this study. Results Lifelong learning in nursing is defined as a dynamic process, which encompasses both personal and professional life. This learning process is also both formal and informal. Lifelong learning involves seeking and appreciating new worlds or ideas in order to gain a new perspective as well as questioning one's environment, knowledge, skills and interactions. The most essential characteristics of a lifelong learner are reflection, questioning, enjoying learning, understanding the dynamic nature of knowledge, and engaging in learning by actively seeking learning opportunities. Keeping the mind active is essential to both lifelong learning and being able to translate knowledge into the capacity to deliver high quality nursing care. Conclusions It is hoped that a clearer understanding of lifelong learning in nursing will foster more discussion and research about intentional, active inclusion of lifelong learning behaviors in nursing curricula.
Helping students during online searches: An evaluation

Abstract An evaluation of student online searches explored the value of staff assistance to trained end users searching BRS Menus. Interactions between 19 student volunteers and library staff “coaches” were analyzed via tape recordings, a a questionnaire, and postsearch interviews. The results, and a discussion of their implications, are presented here.
Politeness Markers and Psychological Complements: Wrapping-up Devices in Japanese Oral Personal Narratives

Frames are not only universal cognitive categories to explain the narrator's consciousness, they are also a socioculturally determined concept. Using verse/stanza analysis, which is widely accepted as an effective means of analyzing narrative structure, this study examines how narrative discourse markers and linguistic strategies contribute to the culturally specific framing of Japanese oral personal narratives. Japanese adult narrators were found to employ particular linguistic markers: (1) the formal verb-ending patterns that are often pointed out as politeness markers indicating the insider-outsider distinction, and (2) psychological complements that are generally assumed to express a greater degree of hesitation and softness. It was found, however, that in narrative contexts, these two markers are more likely to appear at the end of a stanza than in any other position. In other words, in contrast to the general belief that these markers serve as devices to show politeness, when investigated from the viewpoint of narrative discourse, they have turned out to possess multiple functions, such as a psychologically effective means for cultural and contextual framing. These findings also call for an awareness on the part of Japanese language instructors to emphasize such multiple functions in the class-room, so that they may help prevent learners from making subtle but potentially critical mistakes.
Advances in the Surgical Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants and children. The functional process occurs daily in one-half of infants 0 to 3 months of age and two-thirds of infants 4 months of age [1] and is characterized by the involuntary passage of gastric contents into the lower esophagus. In general, most infants with GER eventually ‘‘outgrow’’ or spontaneously resolve their reflux with only 5% of infants having persistent symptoms after the age of 12 months [2,3]. The subsequent development of a pathologic condition associated with reflux is termed GER disease (GERD) and may include poor weight gain, irritability, esophagitis, esophageal stricture, stridor, reactive airway disease, recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis, laryngitis, and apparent lifethreatening events (ALTEs) [4]. Over the past 5 decades, the understanding and treatment of reflux disease has grown, in part, owing to the development and use of flexible upper endoscopy and sophisticated approaches to the measurement of pathophysiologic factors leading to GER. Additionally, the increased utilization and improvements in antireflux surgical procedures have furthered our ability to help the subset of infants and children requiring operative intervention to control GERD symptoms. Gastric dissociation procedures, robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, and single-site techniques are operations that have a role in selected cases. Lastly, developments in novel endoluminal therapies have extended the armamentarium for the management of GERD and may create the next generation of interventional options in the treatment of pediatric GERD.
Fuzzy-based determination of model and parameters of dual-wavelength vision system for on-line apple sorting

One of the basic tasks in developing a multi-wavelength machine vision system for on-line fruit sorting is to determine the sorting model and system parameters including the wavelength (or filter) combination and the sorting threshold. A fuzzy method was proposed to evaluate the performance of a dual-wavelength vision system developed for on-line sorting of apples. Three sorting models were developed based on the sizes of defect blobs extracted from apple images. Twelve dual-filter combinations were tested and compared under different sorting requirements. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the fuzzy method in determining the model and system parameters for the on-line dual-wavelength vision sorting system to meet any user-specified sorting requirements for both good and defective apples.
Generic Criteria for Flabellula, Rugipes and Hyalodiscus, With Descriptions of Species*

SYNOPSIS. Six strains of amoebae isolated from freshwater habitats and having broad, flattened locomotive forms were studied in clonal cultures, with attention to trophic structure, nuclear division, cyst structure in those strains which formed cysts, some aspects of cytochemistry, and other characteristics. Three strains were found to belong to the genus Flabellula, one being identified as F. platypodia (Glaser, 1912) and the other 2 as F. mira Schaeffer, 1926. The new species Rugipes placidus is described. One strain, identified as belonging to the species originally called Amoeba actinophora Auerbach, 1855, is re-described as Hyalodiscus actinophorus, and a similar strain is described as H. actinophorus var. minor n. var. All 3 strains of Flabellula had the unusual type of mitotic figure reported by Glaser for F. platypodia but not previously studied with the Feulgen technic. The genus Rugipes has the mitotic pattern more common to small amoebae and is distinguished from Flabellula partly on that basis. Both strains of Hyalodiscus have division figures of this common type. Of the strains included in this investigation, only R. placidus and H. actinophorus formed cysts in culture. The cysts of neither species were viable after one year at room temperature and humidity. The status of Rugipes as distinct from Flabellula is discussed. The genus Hyalodiscus is interpreted in a manner compatible with the original definition of Hertwig and Lesser and is included within the order Amoebida. The strains of this genus isolated have a doubly contoured, strongly PAS-positive covering over the endoplasmic hump. Some criteria for the taxonomy of amoebae are evaluated in the light of work reported in this and 2 previous papers.
Radiocarbon Chronology of Lake Lahontan and Lake Bonneville II, Great Basin

The climate chronology proposed by Broecker and Orr (1958) for the two major Great Basin pluvial lakes has been confirmed and expanded by coupling 80 new radiocarbon measurements with uranium-series isotope measurements. The validity of the ages is evaluated by comparing different materials, chemical fractions of the same material, radiocarbon ages with Th 230 -U 234 ages, and chronology based on geomorphic features with that based on stratigraphic units. The lake-level chronology has been extended to the postpluvial period ( 30,000 years ago) by Th 230 -U 234 measurements. The results suggest that both lakes were relatively high four times during the late Wisconsin: 17,000 years ago; 14,500 years ago; 12,000 years ago; and 9500 years ago. The downcutting of Red Rock Pass probably occurred during the high-water period about 12,000 years ago. An attempt is made to correlate this chronology with those worked out for the pluviation of the Searles Lake basin, the pollen sequence of Northern Europe, and the glacial oscillations in the North American mid-continent.
Analogs of Tetrahydrofolic Acid XXIV: Further Observations on the Mode of Pyrimidyl Binding to Dihydrofolic Reductase and Thymidylate Synthetase by the 2-amino-5-(3-anilinopropyl)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol Type of Inhibitor

2-Amino-6-methyl-5-(3-phenylpropylamino)-4-pyrimidinol (VI) was found to be as effective as 2-amino-5-(3-anilinopropyl)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol and 2-amino-6-methyl-5-(4-phenylbutyl)-4-pyrimidinol (IV) as an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. The effectiveness of IV was reduced when the 6-methyl group was replaced by 6-amino (VIII). In contrast, VIII was about a fourfold better inhibitor of dihydrofolic reductase than IV. Similarly, 5-(4-phenylbutyl)-2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (IX) was about a ninefold better inhibitor of dihydrofolic reductase than IV; however, IX was only about one-eightieth as effective as 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-5-(4-phenylbutyl)pyrimidine (XVII). With dihydrofolic reductase, 5-(3-phenylpropyl)-2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (XV) was nearly as effective as IX. Compounds VIII, IX, and XV bind to dihydrofolic reductase about as well as the substrate, dihydrofolate, and are easily synthesized in two steps from commercially available materials.
The visceral and subcutaneous fat changes in type 1 diabetes: a pilot study

Objective: To evaluate the effects of improved glycaemic control on the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat in type 1 diabetes. Research Design and Methods: Sixteen subjects were enrolled for this 6-month study. The goal was to achieve normal haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c <5.6% in our laboratory). T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat areas at the L2–L3 disk level. Activity and energy intake were assessed using a weekly recall and food diary respectively. Plasma leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin levels were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Results: Twelve subjects completed the study. HbA1c was 10.4 ± 2.2% at baseline, and abdominal visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio was 0.29 ± 0.15. HbA1c dropped to 8.0 ± 1.4% at 6 months (p = 0.009). There was a +1.85 kg weight change in 6 months (p = 0.30), whereas the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratios changed to 0.36 ± 0.18 (p = 0.22). Daily metabolic equivalents (METs) of activity at 6 months correlated with a decrease in the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratios (r = −0.80, p = 0.01). Ghrelin level changes correlated negatively with the changes in the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The visceral to subcutaneous fat changes had a negative correlation with the physical activity METs at 6 months but not with HbA1c changes in this study. The correlation between the changes in ghrelin and the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratios is intriguing, but a larger study may be needed to confirm this finding.
Preparation and charactereation of trans-bis(ethylenediamine)chloro(Boc-L-valine)-Co(III)fluoroborate: an Intermediate in Metal Mediated Peptide Synthesis

Abstract The synthesis, X-ray structure and electronic spectra of the title complex are presented,trans Bis(ethylenediamine)chloro(Boc-L-valine)Co(III)-fluoroborate (Boc=t-butyloxycarbonyl) was prepared from trans [Co(en)2OHCl]+ and an active ester form of Boc-L-valine. Blue crystals of CoCl (O4N5C14H34)·BF4 are orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a=13.170(2), b=14.545(2), c=12.6268(8)A, Z=4 and RF(RwF)=0.040 (0.042) for 2087 reflections. The structure consists of [Co(en)2(Boc-L-valine)Cl]+ cations and BF4- anions linked by an extensive hydrogen bonding network involving the BF4 F atoms and the N atoms of the cation. Co(III) is coordinated in a distorted octahedral fashion by four en N atoms, a Cl atom, and a carboxylate O atom from the Boc-L-valine ligand. The coordinated Cl and O atoms are trans and Boc-L-valine acts as a monodentate ligand. The CoN bond lengths (1.943(4)–1.955(4) A) are typical as are the axial CoCl (2.248(1) A) and CoO(CO2)(1.910(3)A) distances. The visible absorption spectrum shows two bands (λ=447, 578 nm) characteristic of trans Co(III)-(en)2L2 complexes.
Experimental protein malnutrition in squirrel monkeys: reaction of the Nissl substance in the motor neurons of the spinal cord.

Experimental protein malnutrition was induced in juvenile squirrel monkeys by feeding them synthetic diets which contained 2% protein for a period of 15 weeks. Along with their controls who were fed 25% protein food and laboratory monkey chow, groups of monkeys were sacrificed at nine, 11, 13, and 15 weeks of feeding schedule. The spinal cords were stained with chromalum-gallocyanin, PAS, Trichrome Masson's method and Alcian Blue. The neurons and the surrounding glial cells showed significant cytoohemical changes in different groups of the malnourished animals. The motor neurons of the spinal cord showed a varying but dramatic reaction to protein deficiency, which reflects a profound physiological distortion. These observations have been discussed in relation to probable functional derangement under the influence of protein deficiency.
Status of Dopamine in Bovine Pineal Glands and the Stimulation of N‐Acetyltransferase Activity by D2‐Dopaminergic Receptor Agonists in the Rat Pineal Glands in Culture

In a previous study, we identified in the bovine pineal gland two [3H]spiroperidol-binding sites with KD values of 0.18 and 2.1 nM and Bmax values of 37 and 630 fmol/mg protein, respectively. In this study, the status of dopamine in the bovine pineal glands was delineated further by measuring the relative concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine and the relative concentrations of serotonin and melatonin. Furthermore, the presence of 4.0 +/- 0.6 micrograms/dopamine/gm tissue encouraged us to delineate the effects of select dopaminergic receptor agonists and antagonists on the synthesis of melatonin in vivo and on the activity of N-acetyltransferase in the rat pineal gland in culture. The acute administration of haloperidol (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally [ip]) or sulpiride (200 mg/kg ip) increased the concentration of melatonin in the pineal gland from 160.6 +/- 8.18 to 327.6 +/- 45.43 and 306.5 +/- 40.53 pg/gland, respectively. Dopamine exhibited dual effects on the activity of N-acetyltransferase, inhibiting the basal activity at 0.1 microM and stimulating it at 10 microM, and the later effect was blocked by propranolol. D2-dopaminergic receptor agonists such as bromocriptine (4.0 microM) or LY-171555 (10.0 microM) partially attenuated the norepinephrine-induced stimulation of N-acetyltransferase, and these attenuating effects were reversed by D2-dopaminergic antagonists such as haloperidol (10 microM) or domperidone (10 microM). The results of these studies are interpreted to indicate that for the synthesis of melatonin, the pineal D2-dopaminergic receptors may function independently from those of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor sites. Furthermore, the said D2-dopaminergic receptor are amenable to down regulation since the activity of N-acetyltransferase remained unaltered (0.0717 vs. 0.0729 nmol/gland/h) following chronic treatment (4 mg/kg ip/day for 30 days) with bromocriptine.
THE DETERMINANTS OF RESTRICTIVE RESIDENTIAL ZONING: SOME EMPIRICAL FINDINGS*

. This study proposes, and finds evidence supporting, the hypothesis that restrictive residential land-use and minimum lot-size zoning are substitute ways of controlling the population intensity of future residential development. In addition, evidence is found linking externality, fiscal and exclusionary objectives to restrictive residential zoning.
Developmental continuity and change in responses to social and nonsocial categories in human extrastriate visual cortex

It is well known that adult human extrastriate visual cortex contains areas that respond in a selective fashion to specific categories of visual stimuli. Three regions have been identified with particular regularity: the fusiform face area (FFA), which responds to faces more than to other objects; the parahippocampal place area (PPA), which responds selectively to images of houses, places, and visual scenes; and the extrastriate body area (EBA), which responds specifically to images of bodies and body parts. While the presence of these regions in the mature human brain is well-established, the degree to which children possess these areas and the degree of functional specialization of these areas in children of various ages has thus far remained unclear. This fMRI study examined the development of the FFA, EBA, and PPA in healthy, typically developing 7- to 11-year-old children and adults. Our results revealed a right FFA and a bilateral EBA and PPA in the children that were localized in a way consistent with these same regions in adults. In addition, the response profiles of these regions were very similar in adults and children with comparable levels of functional specificity at all of the ages tested. We discuss the implications of this research for understanding abnormal regional specialization for social and nonsocial object categories in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
Local therapy with continued EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy as a treatment strategy in EGFR mutant advanced lung cancers that have developed acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Background Development of acquired resistance limits the utility of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for the treatment of EGFR -mutant lung cancers. There are no accepted targeted therapies for use after acquired resistance develops. Metastasectomy is used in other cancers to manage oligometastatic disease. We hypothesized that local therapy is associated with improved outcomes in patients with EGFR -mutant lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR TKI. Methods Patients who received non–central nervous system local therapy were identified by a review of data from a prospective biopsy protocol for patients with EGFR -mutant lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR TKI therapy and other institutional biospecimen registry protocols. Results Eighteen patients were identified, who received elective local therapy (surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, or radiation). Local therapy was well tolerated, with 85% of patients restarting TKI therapy within 1 month of local therapy. The median time to progression after local therapy was 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2–27 months). The median time until a subsequent change in systemic therapy was 22 months (95% CI: 6–30 months). The median overall survival from local therapy was 41 months (95% CI: 26–not reached). Conclusions EGFR- mutant lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR TKI therapy are amenable to local therapy to treat oligometastatic disease when used in conjunction with continued EGFR inhibition. Local therapy followed by continued treatment with an EGFR TKI is well tolerated and associated with long PFS and OS. Further study in selected individuals in the context of other systemic options is required.
Significance of inducible tachycardia in patients with syncope of unknown origin: a long-term follow-up.

The frequency of inducible tachycardia was assessed in patients presenting with syncope whose noninvasive evaluation did not reveal a cause for syncope. It was also determined whether treatment of tachyarrhythmias during programmed electrical stimulation would prevent recurrence of syncope. One hundred five patients were studied and 97 were followed up for a mean period of 25.8 months. Sixty-eight patients (65%) did not have inducible tachycardia. Sixty of these 68 patients could be followed up; 12 (20%) had recurrent syncope. Ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia was inducible in 37 patients (35%). The frequency of organic heart disease was not higher in this group or in those with inducible ventricular tachycardia as compared with those with inducible supraventricular tachycardia. Three patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia died suddenly or were resuscitated from cardiac arrest, and an additional seven had recurrent syncope; thus, the total recurrence rate was 27%. Of 23 patients undergoing effective therapy as predicted by electrophyslologic testing, 3 (14%) had a recurrent event. Results were significantly different in patients receiving ineffective therapy as judged by electrophysiologic testing. Of 13 patients in this latter category, 7 patients (54%) had recurrence of syncope or cardiac arrest (p Tachycardia is frequently induced in patients with syncope of gnknown origin, whether or not organic heart disease is present. Treatment of inducible tachycardia may prevent recurrence of syncope.
Links between pediatric and adult asthma

Abstract Connections between events occurring in early life with adult asthma suggest that both the altered regulation of airway caliber and tone and the changes in airway structure present in many asthma cases may have their roots in developmental patterns established during infancy and childhood. The Melbourne epidemiologic study, the British 1958 birth cohort, and the Tasmanian asthma survey all provide important information on the outcomes of childhood asthma in later life. Among the findings, these studies showed that in a large proportion of asthmatic children, asthma remits in early adulthood, and the severity of asthma tracks significantly with age. Newer longitudinal studies have measured lung function shortly after birth, before any respiratory symptoms have occurred. Several lines of evidence suggest that those children who will go on to have more severe and persistent asthma symptoms already have immune responses skewed toward the T-helper type 2 (T H 2) at the time of the very first episodes of airway obstruction in infancy. In most children whose asthma is triggered mainly by respiratory infections, asthma symptoms appear to remit by the adolescent years. Congenital and acquired deficits in lung function, however, may lead to recurrence of these symptoms during adult life and after long periods of remission, especially among active smokers. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107: S449-55.)
A philosophy of intervention

Abstract Intervention denotes an act of assistance. As a concept it is more general than instruction or therapy. As a system it is scientific, but as an intention it is humanistic. Intervention is an important concept for the helping disciplines. The term implies that professionals are competent to enter the life of certain individuals in order to assist them in achieving a more desirable state. The term also implies that we know when and how we should intervene. Imbedded in our assumptions is the belief that under certain circumstances intervention programs should be undertaken and, indeed, that the needy individual has a right to such intervention. These and similar issues imply the need for a philosophy of intervention. Lest we fall into the error of considering a philosophy to be a fuzzy-minded, general statement about the topic, consider the Intercollegiate Dictionary definition—“The study or science of the truths or principles underlying all knowledge and being (or reality).” Perhaps then I may be pardoned if I delimit my topic to a personal philosophy about language intervention. Such is simply an agreement to tell what I think I know about language intervention. In doing so I must make a case for personal philosophies. I could claim that in the real world philosophies are not universal; they are personal. Likewise, I could claim that interventions are personal. At least they are most effective when adapted to fit personal conditions of client and interventionist. This individualization holds even though general designs for interventions have been established and intervention methods have been derived from validating research. These statements serve as a rationale for my own philosophy of intervention. What is needed for each interventionist is knowledge of validated scientific methodology and a real world philosophy based on personal involvement. The interventionist must be able to transact with the complex set of issues presented by the client, his family, and his friends, which implies that social and humanistic issues are part of a viable philosophy. In order to give graphic emphasis to this point and to set the stage for a more systematic professional design. I offer a few observations from some early struggles to evolve a viable philosophy.
Going Against the Grain: Why Do Canada and the United States Market Wheat So Differently?

At the turn of the twentieth century, private grain exchanges settled the daily prices for North American wheat. By the end of the Second World War, the Canadian and US governments had intervened significantly in these markets. The Canadian government required farmers in its western provinces to deliver their product to the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), a single-selling-desk agency that, by then, had supplanted private wheat marketing in western Canada. Meanwhile, the United States government subsidized farm incomes with domestic-use taxes and import tariffs, but otherwise preserved private wheat marketing. In this article, I demonstrate that these disparate agricultural policies were broadly defined by immutable economic realities imposed on each country by global wheat-trade patterns and triggered by unprecedentedly severe agricultural crises. That is, amidst the precipitous fall in wheat prices in the early 1930s, each government crafted farm-support policies that reflected its domestic-consumption share...
STenSr: Spatio-temporal tensor streams for anomaly detection and pattern discovery

The focus of this paper is anomaly detection and pattern discovery in spatio-temporal tensor streams. As an example, sensor networks comprising of multiple individual sensor streams generate spatio-temporal data, which can be captured in tensor streams. Anomaly detection in such data is considered challenging because of the potential complexity and high order of the tensor data from spatio-temporal sources such as sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach for anomaly detection and pattern discovery in such tensor streams. We model the tensor stream itself as a single incremental tensor, for example representing the entire sensor network, instead of dealing with each individual tensor in the stream separately. Such a model provides a global view of the tensor stream and enables subsequent in-depth analysis of it. The proposed approach is designed for online analysis of tensor streams with fast runtime. We evaluate our approach for detecting anomalies under different conditions and for identifying complex data patterns. We also compare the proposed approach with the existing tensor stream analysis method (Sun et al. in ACM Trans Knowl Discov Data 2, 2008). Our evaluation uses synthetic data as well as real-world data showing the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Adolescent romantic relationships: A developmental perspective

A framework for examining developmental changes in romantic relationships is presented. The chapter describes research illustrating these developmental differences and delineates an agenda for subsequent developmental work.
Editorial: How Special Should Issues Be?

SOFTWARE testing and analysis continue to be areas in which IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering (TSE) receives many submissions. In this issue, Barbara Ryder and Andreas Zeller guest edit a special section of selected papers from ISSTA 2008, the original papers having undergone signifi cant revision, extension, and substantive peer review. I would like to thank Barbara and Andreas for all their work in putting this special section together over a long period of time, and to the authors for their contributions and their patience while waiting for their papers to be published. Special issues are a prominent feature of TSE and other journals, and there are a number of forthcoming issues in the TSE publication pipeline. I’d be interested to hear readers’ views about the usefulness of such special issues. I understand that they can provide a useful thematic resource for researchers and practitioners working in particular areas, but the inevitable consequence is that they limit the number of regular papers that can be published in any one issue or volume. This can affect the diversity of topics covered by the journal. Since starting as Editor-in-Chief back in January, I have not approved any new proposals for special issues. This will not be felt by readers till many more months down the line as the current queue of special issue papers gets published. I hope this will eventually allow the many regular papers awaiting publication to appear in print much more quickly. Of course, “in print” is only one way the papers are available. As soon as any paper is accepted for publication in TSE, it is available to subscribers electronically for download. I hope readers are making use of this facility on the TSE website (http://www.computer. org/portal/web/tse/), found under “PrePrints” and “RapidPosts.” Last but not least, I’d like to welcome two new distinguished additions to the TSE Editorial Board: Dr. Jane ClelandHuang and Dr. Dag Sjoberg. I am very grateful to both of them for agreeing to serve as Associate Editors, bringing to TSE their considerable expertise in empirical software engineering and the applications of software engineering research in practice. Both Dag and Jane have immediately found themselves loaded with a number of papers to manage—a consequence of the popularity of the areas in which they work.
Drying of concrete as a nonlinear diffusion problem

Abstract Numerous experimental data on drying of concrete and cement paste are subjected to computer analysis. It is found that for a satisfactory fit of the data the diffusion coefficient must be considered to be a function of pore relative humidity (or specific water content), which makes the diffusion problem of drying nonlinear. The diffusion coefficient is shown to decrease sharply (about 20-times) when passing from 0.9 to 0.6 pore humidity, while below 0.6 it appears to be approximately constant. Improvement over the linear theory used in the past is very substantial and indicates that a realistic prediction of drying is possible.
Reliability Model for Pavement Performance

A simulation model to calculate the reliability/performance of pavements is developed. The computer program, Reliability Analysis and Performance of Pavements (RAPP‐I), employs Monte Carlo simulation techniques to solve the design equations (e.g., AASHTO, Premium) in which all of the design variables are assumed to be probabilistic and normally distributed. RAPP‐I, in conjunction with the respective design model, calculates the present serviceability index (PSI) of pavements in one‐year increments. In addition to uncertainties attributable to the design factors, errors due to idealization of the model are included in the PSI calculation. By comparing the computed PSI with the terminal PSI, assuming that both are normally distributed, standard probabilistic techniques are employed for calculating pavement reliability. An expression for calculating the “expected” life of pavements, employing the reliabilities at various ages, is proposed. The expected life is found to be a convenient measure for comparing t...
The animal connection that made us human

Our habit of caring for other species is unique and seemingly nonsensical but it may be the grand unifying force in human evolution
Hemispheric differences in music perception: aptitude vs experience.

Abstract Low musical aptitude subjects have greater ear (hemispheric) differences on tests of musical chord analysis (right hemisphere superior) and musical memory sequence analysis (left hemisphere superior) than high aptitude subjects. Experience has no effect on these ear differences. Innate propensities in the use of information processing strategies may partially account for variations in abilities.
Steroid metabolism by mouse submaxillary glands. I. In vitro metabolism of testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione.

Abstract Tritiated 4-androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone were incubated with submaxillary gland homogenates of 6 month old male mice. In 15 and 180 minute incubations fortified with NADPH, submaxillary tissue converted 4-androstene-3,17-dione predominantly to androsterone and, to a lesser extent, testosterone, 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one and 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol. Testosterone was converted primarily to 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol when exogenous NADPH was available; trace amounts of 4-androstene-3,17-dione, 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one and androsterone were also formed. When a NADPH-generating system was omitted from the incubation medium both 4-androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone were poorly metabolized by submaxillary tissue; the amounts of reduced metabolites accumulating were markedly reduced.
Original Contribution: The CMAC and a theorem of Kolmogorov

This paper shows that the Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) is structurally similar to networks derived from a theorem of Kolmogorov. As a foundation for this comparison, we review of a proof of Kolmogorov's theorem. From this proof and an analysis of the CMAC we derive two lemmas describing functions that cannot be modeled by a CMAC. The first lemma states that such functions have zero average value over response regions of CMAC association cells. The second lemma states that such functions have local oscillations exceeding a quantifiable percentage of the global maximum absolute value of error. This second lemma gives bounds on errors caused by hash tables used as association cells in the CMAC. We present three examples illustrating the lemmas.
Computation of incipient separation via solution of the vorticity equation on a lagrangian mesh

A novel vorticity based solution methodology has been developed to compute unsteady flow, particularly separation. The vorticity of the flow is determined on a set of points and the vorticity in the field is computed by linear interpolation. This is accomplished by the construction of a connected set of triangular elements formed by Delaunay triangularization of the points in the field. Triangulation of the vorticity field enables computation of first and second order spatial derivatives of the vorticity field using a least squares formulation. An effective diffusion transport velocity was developed to account for spatial movement of the vorticity due to viscosity. Diffusion velocity and direct calculation of the Laplacian allows for a deterministic solution of viscous diffusion. The points are then advected at both the induced velocity (computed from the Biot-Savart integral) and the diffusion velocity. This solution scheme was found to be stable as it was applied to the problem of impulsively started flow about a NACA 0012 airfoil. The phenomena of incipient separation as well as initial development of the unsteady wake was examined.
Some steric regulation on radical polymerization of perfluorobutadiene

Abstract Polymer initiation by irradiation alone exerts only a minor effect on the steric regulation of polyperfluorobutadiene. Under ultra-violet irradiation the extent of stereoregularity for 1,2-polymerization increases with increasing concentration of the free radical catalyst, while the solvent effect under ultra-violet initiation is not as significant in steric regulation nor in improving the yield of the homopolymer. This study demonstrated some stereoregularity of polyperfluorobutadiene through variation of the experimental conditions under ultraviolet irradiation.
Investigation of multi-metal catalysts for stable hydrogen production via urea electrolysis

Abstract It has been shown that urea electrolysis is a viable method for wastewater remediation and simultaneous production of valuable hydrogen. Inexpensive nickel catalyst is optimal for the oxidation of urea in alkaline media but improvements are needed to minimize surface blockage and increase current density. Multi-metal catalysts were investigated by depositing platinum group metals on a nickel substrate. Rhodium and nickel proved synergistic to reduce surface blockage and increase catalyst stability. Rh-Ni electrodes reduced the overpotential for the electro-oxidation of urea and improved the current density by a factor of 200 compared to a Ni catalyst.
Differentially Private Anomaly Detection with a Case Study on Epidemic Outbreak Detection

Anomaly detection is an important problem that has been studied in a variety of application domains, ranging from syndrome surveillance for epidemic outbreaks to intrusion detection in computer networks. The data collected from individual users contain sensitive information, such as health records and network usage data, and thus need to be transformed prior to the release for privacy preservation. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for anomaly detection with differential privacy. Real-time private user data can be aggregated and perturbed to guarantee privacy, while the posterior estimate is released continuously for anomaly detection tasks. Our framework is not limited to any specific application domains. We illustrate the sensitivity analysis and evaluate our framework in the context of syndrome surveillance. Empirical results with simulated data sets confirm the effectiveness of our solution while providing provable privacy guarantee.