cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of left ventricular aneurysms with normal global function caused by myocarditis.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognosis of leftventricular (LV) aneurysms with normal global function caused bymyocarditis. Background: LV aneurysms may result fromidiopathic or viral myocarditis. The prognosis of inflammatory LVaneurysms when associated with a normal cardiac function isunknown. Methods: Among 353 patients with a histologicdiagnosis of myocarditis, 12 (3.3%) had single or multiple localized, LV aneurysms (length, 10.6 ± 3.1 mm; width, 7.4 ± 4.2 mm) withnormal cardiac function. Presenting symptoms were ventriculartachycardia (VT) in nine patients and unexplained chest pain in three. All patients underwent laboratory tests and noninvasive and invasivecardiac examinations, including biventricular endomyocardialbiopsy. Results: In all patients, LV endomyocardialbiopsy specimen showed a lymphocytic myocarditis with focal intensemyocytolysis or damage of intramural vessels, whereas right ventricularbiopsy was diagnostic for myocarditis only in three. Serologic studysuggested a viral infection in 3 patients and an immunologic disorderin 2, although it was negative in 7. Treatment included antiarrhythmicsin 9 patients with VT, β-blockers in 1 with chest pain, andimmunosuppression (prednisone and azathioprine for 5 months) in 4 withactive myocarditis (2 with chest pain and 2 with VT). Atintermediate-term follow-up (mean, 53 months; range, 12 to 120 months),LV function was persistently normal in all patients, with an LVaneurysm occlusion being observed in two patients. All patients wereasymptomatic, with no VT recurrence or major clinical events. Nonerequired implantable electrical devices or a surgicalintervention. Conclusions: LV aneurysms with normalglobal function caused by myocarditis are an uncommon benign entity inwhich major therapeutic regimens are usuallyunnecessary.
An exploratory look at the use of importance‐performance analysis as a curricular assessment tool in a school of business

Assessing educational outcomes has been an ongoing activity for higher education over the past several years. This concern is important for business educators as well. Regardless of any problems institutions have experienced, there is definitely a need to continue for many reasons: e.g., mandates by state legislatures, accreditation bodies and others, and its potential as an input into strategic planning. Thus far, assessment activities have consisted of a proliferation of methodologies ranging from student portfolio analysis to standardized testing. This paper specifically examines the use of importance‐performance analysis for an evaluation of the business core curriculum, as well as some differences among major areas of study, at two distinct points in time.
Envisioning engineering education and practice in the coming intelligence convergence era — a complex adaptive systems approach

Some of the recent attempts for improving and transforming engineering education are reviewed. The attempts aim at providing the entry level engineers with the skills needed to address the challenges of future large-scale complex systems and projects. Some of the frontier sectors and future challenges for engineers are outlined. The major characteristics of the coming intelligence convergence era (the post-information age) are identified. These include the prevalence of smart devices and environments, the widespread applications of anticipatory computing and predictive / prescriptive analytics, as well as a symbiotic relationship between humans and machines. Devices and machines will be able to learn from, and with, humans in a natural collaborative way. The recent game changers in learnscapes (learning paradigms, technologies, platforms, spaces, and environments) that can significantly impact engineering education in the coming era are identified. Among these are open educational resources, knowledge-rich classrooms, immersive interactive 3D learning, augmented reality, reverse instruction / flipped classroom, gamification, robots in the classroom, and adaptive personalized learning. Significant transformative changes in, and mass customization of, learning are envisioned to emerge from the synergistic combination of the game changers and other technologies. The realization of the aforementioned vision requires the development of a new multidisciplinary framework of emergent engineering for relating innovation, complexity and cybernetics, within the future learning environments. The framework can be used to treat engineering education as a complex adaptive system, with dynamically interacting and communicating components (instructors, individual, small, and large groups of learners). The emergent behavior resulting from the interactions can produce progressively better, and continuously improving, learning environment. As a first step towards the realization of the vision, intelligent adaptive cyber-physical ecosystems need to be developed to facilitate collaboration between the various stakeholders of engineering education, and to accelerate the development of a skilled engineering workforce. The major components of the ecosystems include integrated knowledge discovery and exploitation facilities, blended learning and research spaces, novel ultra-intelligent software agents, multimodal and autonomous interfaces, and networked cognitive and tele-presence robots.
Development and effects of client trust in criminal defense attorneys: preliminary examination of the congruence model of trust development

The present study examines the relation between client participation in attorney-client relationships, the development of client trust in criminal defense attorneys, and client satisfaction with attorneys and case outcomes. The congruence model of trust development (CMTD) is proposed to explain the relation between desired participation by clients, allowed participation by attorneys, and the development of client trust in attorneys. The CMTD predicts that clients who trust their attorneys will subsequently be satisfied with their attorneys and case outcomes. A sample of 96 experienced criminal defendants currently in prison completed the Attorney-Client Trust Scale (ACTS: Boccaccini and Brodsky, 2002) and provided information about their experiences with their most recent criminal defense attorneys. Findings were generally consistent with the CMTD in suggesting that (i) allowed participation is associated with trust in attorneys, and (ii) trust is associated with satisfaction with attorneys and case outcomes.
Theory in Practice: Applying Participatory Democracy Theory to Public Land Planning

/ Application of participatory democracy theory to public participation in public land planning, while widely advocated, has not been closely examined. A case study is used here to explicate the application of participatory democracy concepts to public participation in public land planning and decision making. In this case, a Bureau of Land Management resource area manager decided to make a significant shift from the traditional public involvement process to a more participatory method-coordinated resource management (CRM). This case was assessed using document analysis, direct observation of CRM meetings, questionnaires, and interviews of key participants. These sources were used to examine the CRM case using participatory democracy concepts of efficacy, access and representation, continuous participation throughout planning, information exchange and learning, and decision-making authority. The case study suggests that social deliberation in itself does not ensure successful collaboration and that establishing rules of operation and decision making within the group is critical. Furthermore, conflicts between the concept of shared decision-making authority and the public land management agencies' accountability to Congress, the President, and the courts need further consideration.KEY WORDS: Case study; Coordinated resource management; Public participation; Administrative discretion; Representation; Consensus; Collaboration
Apex to base left ventricular twist mechanics computed from high frame rate two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography: a comparison study.

Background The aim of this study was to compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) methods for computing left ventricular (LV) rotation. Methods A two-axis linear/rotary system was designed using rotary motors controlled through a digital interface, and 10 freshly harvested pig hearts were studied. Each heart was mounted on the rotary actuator with the base being rotated at different known degrees of rotation (10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) and was passively driven by a pump with calibrated stoke volume (50 mL) at a constant rate (60 beats/min) simultaneously. Cardiac motion was scanned to acquire 2D short-axis views using a GE Vivid 7 system for assessing rotation, and 3D apical full-volume loops were acquired using a Toshiba Applio Artida ultrasound system. Full-volume 3D image loops were analyzed online with Toshiba Wall Motion Tracking software, and short-axis 2D images were analyzed offline for LV rotation in GE EchoPAC PC at corresponding LV levels. Results At each state, both 2D and 3D echocardiography detected the changes in LV rotation but overestimated the rotation degrees. The biases for overestimation from 3D imaging were smaller compared with 2D imaging at each LV level. Both methods, when compared with each other, showed a linear correlation ( r = 0.84, P Conclusions Although 3D echocardiography showed smaller bias, the results between 2D and 3D echocardiography were comparable.
Copper vapor laser fragmentation of gallstones: in vitro measurements of wall heat transmission.

Laser fragmentation is a promising new modality in management of retained CBD stones. Recent reports demonstrate the feasibility of lasers for this, but few studies have evaluated their safety (e.g., thermal injury may occur at greater than 43 degrees C). This study was conducted to measure heat transmission from lased bilirubinate and mixed stones to a simulated CBD wall. Four welded thermocouples were passed to the inside wall of 6-mm polyvinyl tubing 90 degrees apart to surround the lumen stone. The thermocouples were interfaced to a computer and temperatures were recorded every 270 msec. The tubing was submerged in a 37 degrees C water bath for all lasing work. A copper vapor laser (wavelength, 510 nm; 5.6 W; 5 kHz; pulse length, 30 ns) was attached to a 650-micron quartz fiber. A stone was "impacted" in the tubing and the laser fiber was pushed against the stone while making multiple passes to fragment it. Thirty mixed gallstones (mean size, 6.9 X 5.1 mm) and 20 bilirubinate gallstones (mean size, 7.1 X 5.2 mm) were fragmented during the study. Maximum temperature (Tmax), duration of Tmax (TmaxD), interval to stone piercing (TiP), and interval to fragmentation (TiF) were measured and comparisons were carried out with the SPSS statistical package using the t test procedure. The Tmax generated during fragmentation of bilirubinate stones (43.4 +/- 1.7 degrees C) was significantly less (P less than 0.002) than the Tmax for mixed stones (54.0 +/- 2.7 degrees C) but both Tmax values represented potentially injurious temperature levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IFYGL Shipboard Visual Wave Observations vs. Wave Measurements

Abstract Data used for this study were collected in Lake Ontario during 1972, the International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IFYGL). Shipboard meteorological observations, which include visual estimates of wave height and wave period, are made in the Great Lakes by over 100 ships from the United States and Canada. Data collected from these ship reports cover a wide range of lake conditions and hence provide a useful basis for climatological studies of surface waves in the Great Lakes. The objective of this paper is to present an assessment of the reliability of these ship reports. Records from deep water wave gauges were compared with shipboard observations made within 50 km of the gauges. The results show that visually estimated wave heights, H vo , and wave periods T vo , are correlated with the recorded significant wave heights, H s , and average zero-crossing wave periods, T z , respectively by H s = (0.25 + 0.6 H vo ) meters and T z = (2.0 + 0.2 T vo ) seconds. Visual observations appear to substantially underestimate the steepness of the waves. Long-term distributions for wave heights and wave periods follow the log-normal distribution quite closely. These results are generally similar to those of oceanic studies.
Primary structure of the regulatory gene from the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the yeast MAL6R gene from the Saccharomyces carlsbergensis MAL6 locus. The MAL6R gene encodes a trans-acting protein required for the inducible, coordinate expression of the two divergently transcribed structural genes, MAL6T (maltose permease), and MAL6S (maltase) at this locus. The transcription initiation sites for MAL6R were determined by primer extension experiments. The MAL6R gene contains an open reading frame of 473 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 54892. The N-terminus of the deduced protein contains an amino acid sequence isologous to a consensus sequence for cysteine-zinc associated DNA binding fingers found in other fungal DNA binding proteins. The MAL6R gene was mapped to chromosome VIII by using OFAGE (orthagonal field alternating gel electrophoresis) gels and hybridization with specific chromosome and MAL6 probes.
Diverging boundary layers with zero streamwise pressure gradient and no wall curvature

The effects of spanwise divergence (dW/dz) on the boundary layer forming between a pair of embedded streamwise vortices with the common flow between them directed toward the wall was studied. Measurements indicate that divergence controls the rate of development of the boundary layer and that large divergence significantly retards boundary-layer growth and enhances skin friction in agreement with previous studies. Even with divergence, however, the local similarity relationships for two-dimensional boundary layers are satisfactory and the turbulence structure is not significantly modified. Spanwise divergence did not significantly affect either the Reynolds stress or turbulent triple-product distributions.
Quality assurance in anatomic pathology

Abstract We are in the midst of major changes in our discipline. New technologies and regulations, are poised to fundamentally change the way that pathologists interact with and utilize data. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the realm of anatomic pathology (AP) quality assurance (QA). QA efforts in the AP laboratory today are often limited by the batched assembly line-like nature of the workflow and data trapped within rigid laboratory information systems (LIS). Middleware with progressive business intelligence platforms have helped close this gap by automatically extracting LIS data, and making it easier to manipulate and combine with data from other information systems. Employing informatics tools such as tracking systems in the AP lab minimizes human involvement in repetitive processes which in turn drives down errors, standardizes processes and drives workflow. Scanning barcodes directly inputs data into the LIS which is available for real-time QA monitoring. The use of synoptic reporting, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), and newer technologies such as whole slide imaging also help improve quality in AP. This article reviews current issues and future trends related to AP initiatives in the preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases of laboratory testing. Special emphasis is placed on new technologies that are poised to disrupt the practice of AP in the near future.
Effect of bradykinin and thrombin on prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells from calf and pig aorta and human umbilical cord vein

Abstract We have discovered that bradykinin is effective in causing the synthesis of prostacyclin in endothelial cells cultured from calf and pig aorta and human umbilical cord vein. Maximal stimulation is attained at 10 ng bradykinin per ml with a 10 fold increase of PGI 2 as assayed by radioimmunoassay for 6-k-PGF 1α . Ionophore A23187, trypsin, and the precursor arachidonic acid are also stimulatory. We have confirmed the study of Weksler et al ( J. Clin. Invest., 62 , 923, 1978) and Czervionke et al ( Thrombosis Research, 14 , 781, 1979) that thrombin is effective in stimulating PGI 2 synthesis in endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein. However, we found that cells from calf or pig aorta are not stimulated as well by thrombin. Thus, there appears to be a difference in the response to thrombin between these cells. When calf cells were grown in the presence of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid, the radioactivity is incorporated mainly into the phospholipids. Bradykinin, ionophore A23187, and trypsin stimulated the release of radioactive materials into medium from [ 3 H]arachidonic acid labeled calf cells. Arachidonic acid is the major radioactive substance released and PGI 2 is the major known arachidonic acid metabolite formed.
Asymptotic distribution of residual autocorrelations from estimation of ARMA processes by Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization

Abstract One computationally efficient procedure for obtaining maximum likelihood parameter estimates for an ARMA process is based on the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of the space generated by the finite series of observations. This paper shows that the asymptotic distribution of the autocorrelations of the resulting residuals coincides with that for least-square residuals.
Postnatal development of the vasopressinergic system in golden hamsters.

Abstract Adult golden hamsters, as compared to rats, lack several parvicellular vasopressinergic cell groups. We looked at the development of the vasopressingergic system in hamsters to draw comparison with maturing rats. Arginine-vasopressin-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) neurons, their fibers and associated AVP binding sites were observed at several intervals after birth. Different rates of maturation were observed between different populations of vasopressinergic neurons. Within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), small AVP-ir neurons, their fibers and related binding sites maturated gradually during the first month after birth. In comparison, large AVP-ir neurons were apparent in newborn animals. Similarly, AVP-ir fibers and AVP binding sites were also present in the brain of newborns within areas not related to small vasopressinergic neurons from the SCN, such as the central amygdala (CeA) or the cerebral cortex. During the following weeks, a heterogenous pattern of development was observed within such areas. As the neurosecretory vasopressinergic system appeared to develop gradually, projections to the brain and their associated binding sites developed rapidly during the first week of life. Transient patterns of maturation were observed within certain sites. Indeed, some of the labelling observed in newborns regressed later. As similar reports were made in rats, our observations draw analogies between the vasopressinergic systems of these two species, beside their apparent dissimilarities in adult animals. Furthermore, our data also reinforce the concept that large vasopressinergic neurons do not constitute a homogenous population.
Prophylactic antimicrobial agents after ventriculoatriostomy for hydrocephalus

Abstract The incidence of shunt infection after ventriculoatriostomy was reviewed in 104 patients undergoing 160 operations. A shunt infection was identified within 6 mo after operation in 20% of the 105 operations in which prophylactic antibiotics were not used, and in only 5% after 55 operations in which they were given. This suggests that the prophylactic use of antimicrobial drugs after shunt operations may have merit.
Identification of the structural proteins of the murine mammary tumor virus that are serologically related to the antigens of intracytoplasmic type-A particles

Abstract The immunological relationship between intracytoplasmic A particles and B particles was investigated in order to determine whether A particles are the preformed cores of mature B particles. A serum prepared in rabbits against purified A particles (obtained from Leydig cell tumors) reacted, in immunodiffusion tests, to extracts from a variety of mouse tumors. It was found that tumors containing both A and B particles as well as those with only A particles contained A particle-associated antigens. Radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) techniques were used to identify those murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) proteins that were serologically related to the antigens of A particle. The MuMTV proteins were radiolabeled with either 14C-labeled amino acids in tissue culture or with 125I using the lactoperoxidase method. The solubilized viral proteins were tested with anti-A particle serum, or as controls, with antisera to MuMTV, MuMTV-gp55, and -p28, as well as normal rabbit and goat sera. Rabbit anti-MuMTV serum precipitated all the major polypeptides of MuMTV (gp55, gp36, p28, p18, and p12) when reacted with solubilized MuMTV proteins. However, rabbit anti-A particle serum precipitated only p28, p18, and p12. PAGE analysis of the MuMTV proteins precipitated by goat anti-MuMTV gp55 or by p28 sera showed only gp55 or p28; normal goat or rabbit serum did not precipitate detectable amounts of viral proteins indicating that the reactions were specific. These results suggest that A particles contain antigens which cross-react with the three major internal proteins of MuMTV and support the hypothesis that intracytoplasmic A particles are the preformed cores of B particles.
Comment on ``Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction'' by John Doherty and Randall J. Hunt

Doherty and Hunt (2009) present important ideas for first-order-second moment sensitivity analysis, but five issues are discussed in this comment. First, considering the composite-scaled sensitivity (CSS) jointly with parameter correlation coefficients (PCC) in a CSS/PCC analysis addresses the difficulties with CSS mentioned in the introduction. Second, their new parameter identifiability statistic actually is likely to do a poor job of parameter identifiability in common situations. The statistic instead performs the very useful role of showing how model parameters are included in the estimated singular value decomposition (SVD) parameters. Its close relation to CSS is shown. Third, the idea from p. 125 that a suitable truncation point for SVD parameters can be identified using the prediction variance is challenged using results from Moore and Doherty (2005). Fourth, the relative error reduction statistic of Doherty and Hunt is shown to belong to an emerging set of statistics here named perturbed calculated variance statistics. Finally, the perturbed calculated variance statistics OPR and PPR mentioned on p. 121 are shown to explicitly include the parameter null-space component of uncertainty. Indeed, OPR and PPR results that account for null-space uncertainty have appeared in the literature since 2000.
Population Studies of Microbial Ecology in Periodontal Health and Disease

It has been established that the bacterial diversity in any given environment is severely underestimated when assessed by means of culture-based techniques. Yet, almost all currently available knowledge related to the periodontal microbiota in health and disease has been generated either by culture-based surveys or by methods that require prior species identification by culture. A handful of recent studies using culture-independent molecular methods providing 16S rRNA sequences for both cultivable and not yet cultivated species of human periodontal bacteria demonstrated a high bacterial diversity in the oral cavity. It has been estimated that approximately 500 species may colonize the human oral cavity, half of which have been cultivated to date. A review of the available epidemiological data on the prevalence of certain periodontal microbiota on a population level reveals considerable variation in estimates with respect to 1) sampling strategy, 2) mode of bacterial identification, and 3) race/ethnicity of the studied population. Nevertheless, specific bacterial profiles appear to confer high odds ratios for pathological periodontal conditions and/or progressive periodontal disease. However, the currently recognized periodontal pathogens are commonly recovered from periodontally healthy children, and their carrier rate in adults is substantial. Virulent clones, such as a highly leukotoxic strain of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, have been found to be closely associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis. In conclusion, while the majority of the periodontal microbiota are commensals, a subset of likely opportunistic pathogens fulfills the epidemiologic requirements needed in order to be ascribed as risk/causative factors. Given the large proportion of the periodontal microbial habitat that is currently insufficiently explored, and assuming that the hitherto uncultivated segment of the bacterial community will include similar levels of pathogenic species, the list of periodontal pathogens should be expected to expand.
Investigation of the first and second aerosol indirect effects using data from the May 2003 Intensive Operational Period at the Southern Great Plains

increase as long as Na < 600 cm � 3 and remains unchanged for higher aerosol concentrations. The decrease of LWP is associated with the evaporative cooling below cloud base which leads to more condensation of water vapor, a result that is consistent with afternoon satellite observations of the response of continental clouds to increases in droplet concentrations. A sensitivity test with a stronger surface latent flux increases both the cloud geometrical thickness and cloud water content. On the other hand, a sensitivity test with a stronger surface sensible heat flux leads to a higher cloud base and a shallower and drier cloud. The response of the cloud geometrical thickness to changes in surface sensible heat flux dominates that of the cloud water content. The cloud fraction is also reduced at the end of the simulation time period. Because the surface heat fluxes will likely change when aerosol and droplet number concentrations change, these sensitivity tests show that a fully coupled simulation with a land surface model will be needed to fully assess the response of the cloud to changing aerosol concentrations. Nevertheless, since the thermodynamic boundary layer profiles do not change significantly when aerosol concentrations are changed, our results for changing aerosol concentrations are qualitatively correct.
Models and physical reality in ion-exchange kinetics

Abstract Four cases of ion-exchange kinetics are pointed out in which premises of a mathematical model are incompatible with facets of physical reality. The cases are (1) calculation of nonlinear gradients in an unstirred Nernst “film”, (2) shell-core models in the absence of a mechanism that can produce shell-core behavior, (3) reaction-controlled shell-core models, and (4) models for macroporous beads in which the wrong diffusion step becomes rate-controlling.
The role of public and private complaining in satisfaction with problem resolution.

The results of a two-phase panel study were used to investigate the relationships among satisfaction with complaint resolution, reports of public and private complaining, and hypothesized antecedents of complaint behavior. Path analysis of a theoretical model of complaint behavior suggested that the degree of public complaining was positively related to satisfaction with the eventual outcome of the problem while the extent of private complaining had a significant negative relationship. Analysis of the antecedents showed that only monetary cost associated with the problem was positively related to both public and private complaints, underscoring the difficulty of predicting complaining from personal characteristics.
Learning and exploration: Lessons from infants

Based on studies with infants, we expand on Stoffregen & Bardy's explanation of perceptual motor errors, given the global array. Information pick-up from the global array is not sufficient without adequate exploratory movements and learning to support perceptually guided activity.
β‐Blockers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Inappropriate Avoidance?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States and is often accompanied by one or more comorbid conditions. While there are established morbidity and mortality benefits of β-blocker (BB) use for certain cardiovascular conditions, data suggest that clinicians are often reluctant to prescribe them in the presence of COPD because of concerns for bronchoconstriction, despite evidence that they are typically well-tolerated among these patients. Treatment guidelines for COPD are consistent with those for cardiovascular disease management and support the role of BBs in management of particular cardiovascular conditions, even in the presence of severe COPD. Adherence to these guidelines could result in significant decreases in morbidity and mortality among patients with COPD. Additionally, current treatments for COPD are often linked to increased cardiovascular disease events. Further study is needed to clarify and guide therapeutic management in patients with COPD.
Interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR): evidence for a role of 14-3-3 proteins in IGFIR signaling

We have extended our previous yeast two-hybrid findings to show that 14-3-3beta also interacts with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) in mammalian cells overexpressing both proteins and that the interaction involves serine 1283 and is dependent on receptor activation. Treatment of cells with the phorbol ester PMA stimulates the interaction of 14-3-3beta with the IGFIR in the absence of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that receptor activation leads to activation of an endogenous protein kinase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine 1283. To investigate the role of 14-3-3 proteins in IGF signal transduction, IGFIR structure-function studies were performed. Mutation of serine 1283 alone (S1283A) (a mutation that decreases but does not abolish the interaction of the IGFIR with 14-3-3) did not affect anchorage-independent growth of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing the mutant receptor. However, the simultaneous mutation of this residue and the truncation of the C-terminal 27 residues of the receptor (Delta1310/S1283A) abolished the interaction of the receptor with 14-3-3 and reversed the enhanced colony formation observed with the IGFIR truncation mutation alone (Delta1310). The difference between the Delta1310 and Delta1310/S1283A transfectants in the soft agar assay was confirmed by tumorigenesis experiments. These findings suggest that 14-3-3 proteins interact with the IGFIR in vivo and that this interaction may play a role in a transformation pathway signaled by the IGFIR.
Effects of creep flow and viscous dissipation in the slip regime for isoflux rectangular microchannels

The effects of rarefaction on convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics are numerically evaluated for uniform wall heat flux rectangular microchannels. Results are obtained by numerically solving the momentum and energy equations with both first- and second-order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. The resulting velocity and temperature fields are then evaluated to obtain the microchannel Poiseuille and Nusselt numbers. In addition to the effects of rarefaction, the effects of aspect ratio, thermal creep flow, and viscous dissipation are investigated for locally fully developed Poiseuille and Nusselt numbers. The constant wall heat flux results obtained in this study are compared to constant wall temperature results obtained previously, using the same numerical algorithm, at various aspect ratios including the limiting case of parallel plate microchannels. In addition to supplying previously unreported data on slip flow convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, these results verify the numerical algorithm for more complex future slip flow analyses.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The rate of P-700 photooxidation under continuous illumination is independent of State 1-State 2 transitions in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus

Abstract Transitions between light-states 1 and 2 (State 1-State 2 transitions) were demonstrated in cells of Scenedesmus obliquus as characteristic, slow changes in the yield of variable chlorophyll fluorescence. The transitions were induced by 690 nm light 1 (absorbed predominantly by Photosystem I) and by 650 nm light 2 (absorbed predominantly by Photosystem II). Light-states 1 and 2 were probed further by chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic measurements which indicated a decrease of up to 20% in the absorption cross-section of Photosystem II on the transition from State 1 to State 2. No complementary change in the absorption cross-section of Photosystem I could be detected in measurements of the rate of P-700 photooxidation under 640 nm continuous illumination at limiting intensity. A marginal (approx. 3%) average increase in half-time of P-700 photooxidation on transition to State 2 was recorded but is probably within the limits of accuracy of the measurement. It is concluded that excitation energy is diverted away from the reaction centre of Photosystem II in State 2, but that the energy does not become redirected in such a way as to increase the rate of Photosystem I light-absorption in S. obliquus in vivo. This in turn suggests that the immediate phenomenon of State 1-State 2 transitions may reflect primarily regulation of excitation energy transfer from the light-harvesting chlorophyll a b complex to the Photosystem II reaction centre. This conclusion is discussed in view of earlier studies on the effect of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in vitro.
Electronic Document Delivery: Improving Access or Erecting Barriers?

As library reserves, interlibrary loan services, and other document distribution systems migrate from traditional print to electronic media, individuals with disabilities either have unparalleled opportunities for access or face barriers due to inaccessible document formats. Most library document delivery systems use proprietary formats, such as Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF), created in ways that do not utilize accessibility features. Ultimately, this problem calls for a reliable, trusted system that supports the secure delivery of accessible electronic documents. Key stakeholders are actively collaborating toward this goal, but in the meantime, libraries must consider strategies for effectively addressing patrons’ immediate access needs.
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit softening: looking to the future

The softening that accompanies ripening of commercially important fruits exacerbates damage incurred during shipping and handling and increases pathogen susceptibility. Thus, postharvest biologists have studied fruit softening to identify ways to manage ripening and optimise fruit quality. Studies, generally based on the premise that cell wall polysaccharide breakdown causes ripening-associated softening, have not provided the insights needed to genetically engineer, or selectively breed for, fruits whose softening can be adequately controlled. Herein it is argued that a more holistic view of fruit softening is required. Polysaccharide metabolism is undoubtedly important, but understanding this requires a full appreciation of wall structure and how wall components interact to provide strength. Consideration must be given to wall assembly as well as to wall disassembly. Furthermore, the apoplast must be considered as a developmentally and biochemically distinct, dynamic 'compartment', not just the location of the cell wall structural matrix. New analytical approaches for enhancing the ability to understand wall structure and metabolism are discussed. Fruit cells regulate their turgor pressure as well as cell wall integrity as they ripen, and it is proposed that future studies of fruit softening should include attempts to understand the bases of cell- and tissue-level turgor regulation if the goal of optimising softening control is to be reached. Finally, recent studies show that cell wall breakdown provides sugar substrates that fuel other important cellular pathways and processes. These connections must be explored so that optimisation of softening does not lead to decreases in other aspects of fruit quality. ! 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantum structural approach to high-T c ssuperconductivity theory: Herzberg-Teller, Renner-Teller, Jahn-Teller effects and intervalent geminal charge transfer

We use quantum molecular structure and spectroscopic thoughts of various possible vibronic interactions for the position space of two-electron geminal orbitals with Bloch sums. Our geminals have different degeneracy from one-electron molecular orbitals and are different from the momentum space of BCS free electrons. Based on Herzberg-Teller expansions, our consideration of the aspect of the Renner-Teller effect for cyclic boundary crystals (instead of the usual linear molecules) involves first-order vibronic interaction with isotope effects different from the second-order electron-phonon energy of BCS theory, bipolaron theory, etc. Our consideration of the Jahn-Teller effect with equal-minimum double-well potential leads to the intervalent charge transfer between two degenerate vibrationally affected electronic structures. Our considerations of different style vibrations other than the antisymmetric vibration for the nearest neighbor (e.g., displaced oscillator, etc.) may possibly be related to the case of special chemical structures with special doping and special coherence length. Our simple structural illustrations of such different vibronic Renner-Teller, Jahn-Teller effects and intervalent charge transfer (of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ ) may promote some possible thoughts of quantum chemical structures compared and mixed with the physical treatments of special high-${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductors.
Human plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase: Oxygen and thermal stability

There are wide individual variations in the thermal stability of human plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH). Thermal stability variations have proven of value in biochemical genetic studies of many enzymes. The development of DBH thermolability depends on the exposure of plasma to oxygen. This observation may help to elucidate the biochemical basis of the genetic regulation of DBH.
Necrotizing Fasciitis and Its Mimics: What Radiologists Need to Know

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the imaging features of necrotizing fasciitis and its potential mimics. Key imaging features are emphasized to enable accurate and efficient inte...
CCS5, a Thioredoxin-like Protein Involved in the Assembly of Plastid c-Type Cytochromes

The c-type cytochromes are metalloproteins with a heme molecule covalently linked to the sulfhydryls of a CXXCH heme-binding site. In plastids, at least six assembly factors are required for heme attachment to the apo-forms of cytochrome f and cytochrome c6 in the thylakoid lumen. CCS5, controlling plastid cytochrome c assembly, was identified through insertional mutagenesis in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The complementing gene encodes a protein with similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana HCF164, which is a thylakoid membrane-anchored protein with a lumen-facing thioredoxin-like domain. HCF164 is required for cytochrome b6f biogenesis, but its activity and site of action in the assembly process has so far remained undeciphered. We show that CCS5 is a component of a trans-thylakoid redox pathway and operates by reducing the CXXCH heme-binding site of apocytochrome c prior to the heme ligation reaction. The proposal is based on the following findings: 1) the ccs5 mutant is rescued by exogenous thiols; 2) CCS5 interacts with apocytochrome f and c6 in a yeast two-hybrid assay; and 3) recombinant CCS5 is able to reduce a disulfide in the CXXCH heme-binding site of apocytochrome f.
Cognitive limitations in occupationally active malignant brain tumour survivors.

BACKGROUND Occupationally active malignant brain tumour survivors (MBTS) are rarely studied. However, cognitive limitations with the potential to impact work are commonly reported in MBTS. AIMS To obtain a better understanding of factors that are associated with cognitive limitations in employed MBTS. METHODS The study was performed by means of a web-based survey. Occupationally active MBTS (n = 113) and a non-cancer comparison group (n = 123) were recruited. While accounting for demographics, medical factors, health behaviours and problem-solving orientation, the relationship among measures of symptom burden (fatigue, depression and anxiety) and cognitive limitations were investigated. RESULTS MBTS (average 4 years post-diagnosis) reported higher levels of physical fatigue (P < 0.001), depression (P < 0.001) and anxiety (P < 0.01). MBTS reported more overall cognitive limitations (P < 0.001), memory (P < 0.001), executive function (P < 0.001) and attention (P < 0.001) deficits. Education (B = -3.4, 95% CI = -6.7 to 0.1), ethnicity (B = 5.2, 95% CI = 0.6-9.8), job stress (B = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-6.4), depressive symptoms (B = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.1-1.3) and negative problem solving (B = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.5-7.0) were also associated with higher levels of cognitive limitations in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Occupationally active MBTS report higher levels of cognitive limitations. However, modifiable factors were related to cognitive limitations in both groups and should be considered when developing approaches to improve cognitive limitations in the workplace.
Modeling of Surrounding Gate MOSFETs With Bulk Trap States

We report a simple analytical model for surrounding gate MOSFETs including bulk traps. Based on the depletion approximation and the assumption that bulk traps are uniformly distributed inside the bandgap, we solved Poisson's equation in cylindrical coordinates and derived the general solution of potential distribution. Extraction of threshold voltage and subthreshold slope were conducted. The analytical solution yields good agreement with MEDICI simulations confirming the model. The model predicts a linear threshold voltage drop, depending on the trap density, as the diameter of the device decreases when the channel is fully depleted
A novel low-loss slow-wave CPW periodic structure for filter applications

A novel periodic slow-wave structure for CPW is presented. This proposed structure exhibits low insertion loss in the passband, simple fabrication, and is intrinsically matched. The structure is applied to realize a miniature lowpass filter one-tenth the size of conventional filters, with spurious-free response and deep attenuation levels using only three cells.
CD8+ T cell protective immunity against Chlamydia pneumoniae includes an H2-M3-restricted response that is largely CD4+ T cell-independent.

CD8 + T cells are important for immunity to the intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae ( Cpn ). Recently, we reported that type 1 CD8 + (Tc1) from Cpn -infected B6 mice recognize peptides from multiple Cpn Ags in a classical MHC class Ia-restricted fashion. In this study, we show that Cpn infection also induces nonclassical MHC class Ib-(H2-M3)-restricted CD8 + T cell responses. H2-M3-binding peptides representing the N-terminal formylated sequences from five Cpn Ags sensitized target cells for lysis by cytolytic effectors from the spleens of infected B6 mice. Of these, only peptides fMFFAPL (P1) and fMLYWFL (P4) stimulated IFN-γ production by infection-primed splenic and pulmonary CD8 + T cells. Studies with Cpn -infected K b−/− /D b−/− mice confirmed the Tc1 cytokine profile of P1- and P4-specific CD8 + T cells and revealed the capacity of these effectors to exert in vitro H2-M3-restricted lysis of Cpn -infected macrophages and in vivo pulmonary killing of P1- and P4-coated splenocytes. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of P1- and P4-specific CD8 + T cells into naive K b−/− /D b−/− mice reduced lung Cpn loads following challenge. Finally, we show that in the absence of MHC class Ia-restricted CD8 + T cell responses, CD4 + T cells are largely expendable for the control of Cpn growth, and for the generation, memory maintenance, and secondary expansion of P1- and P4-specific CD8 + T cells. These results suggest that H2-M3-restricted CD8 + T cells contribute to protective immunity against Cpn , and that chlamydial Ags presented by MHC class Ib molecules may represent novel targets for inclusion in anti- Cpn vaccines.
Comparison of spirometric thresholds in diagnosing smoking-related airflow obstruction

Background Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is based on detection of airflow obstruction on spirometry. There is no consensus regarding using a fixed threshold to define airflow obstruction versus using the lower limit of normal (LLN) adjusted for age. We compared the accuracy and discrimination of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommended fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity Methods Data from a large multicentre study (COPDGene), which included current and former smokers (age range 45–80 years) with and without airflow obstruction, were analysed. Concordance between spirometric thresholds was measured. The accuracy of the thresholds in diagnosing emphysema and gas trapping was assessed using quantitative CT as gold standard. Results 7743 subjects were included. There was very good agreement between the two spirometric cutoffs (κ=0.85; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.86, p Conclusions Compared with the fixed ratio, the use of LLN fails to identify a number of patients with significant pulmonary pathology and respiratory morbidity.
Erratum: "Nature-like photosynthesis of water and carbon dioxide with femtosecond laser induced self-assembled metal nanostructures"

Large-scale replication of the natural process of photosynthesis is a crucial subject of storing solar energy and saving our environment. Here, we report femtosecond laser induced self-assembled metal nanostructure arrays, which are easily mass producible on earth-abundant metals, can directly synthesize liquid and solid hydrocarbon compounds from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight at a production rate of more than 1 × 105 μL/(gh) that is significantly (103–106 times) higher than those in previous studies.1,2 The efficiency for storing solar energy of the photosynthesis is about 10% in the present simple experimental setup which can be further improved. Moreover, different from previous artificial photosynthesis works, this phenomenon presents a new mechanism that, through a surface-enhanced photodissociation process, nature-like photosynthesis can be performed artificially.