cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOFT BIOMATERIAL STUDY FOR 3-D TISSUE SCAFFOLD PRINTING

In 3-D scaffold printing, it is critical to find a material that is suitable for your printing method, printing speed, and ease of use. For a biomaterial to best suit solid freeform fabrication techniques, it must: 1) be a low-viscous solution before being printed, 2) involve easily joined on-substrate mixing to form a homogenous gel, 3) have a short solution to gel transition time, 4) be a mechanically strong gel, and 5) have an irreversible gelation processes. Ionic crosslinkable, photocrosslinkable, and thermo-sensitive hydrogels have all been investigated and found to not fully satisfy our every requirement for SFF printing. Ionic crosslinking hydrogels can gel rapidly but tend to involve additional steps for crosslinking like freeze drying, stirring, and shaking, while some form beads, not homogenous gels. Some photocrosslinkable hydrogels would not work due to the concern for viability of cells in initial gel layers receiving copious amount of UV light. Thermosensitive hydrogels meet most of the requirements except that they are reversible gels. A new type of gel that obtains the qualities of a photocrosslinkable and thermosensitive hydrogel satisfies every requirement. A PEG-PLGA-PEG thermosensitive triblock copolymer additionally crosslinked with photocrosslinkable Irgacure 2959 allows for quick transition from solution to gel with a post-processing step utilizing UV light would add additional crosslinks to the gel structure resulting in an irreversible hydrogel.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Simple rate-equation model for two-photon lasers

We present a rate-equation model for two-photon lasers that, despite its simplicity, captures the essential physics of their behavior and affords an intuitive understanding of their novel threshold and stability behavior. We use the model to investigate the steady-state behavior of the laser, explore the stability of the steady-state solutions, and predict the injected pulse strength needed to initiate lasing.
Update on the Global Distribution of Genotypes of Wild Type Measles Viruses

Molecular characterization of measles viruses is an important component of measles surveillance because these studies enhance our ability to identify the source and transmission pathways of the virus. Molecular surveillance is most beneficial when it is possible to observe the change in virus genotypes over time in a particular region. Such information can help to document the interruption of transmission of measles virus and thus provide an important method for assessing the effectiveness of vaccination programs. It is recommended that virus surveillance be conducted during all phases of measles control and be expanded to give an accurate description of the global distribution of measles genotypes. This review provides updated information on the circulation patterns of measles genotypes and examples of the utility of virologic surveillance.
Complementary Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: What's Promoted, Rationale, Potential Risks and Benefits.

Background Nearly half of all patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) utilize some form of complementary therapy often identified on the Internet and frequently not reported to their physicians. Treating physicians are sometimes unaware of such treatments, including their rationale, mechanisms, potential efficacy, and potential adverse effects. Methods Methods for this study included systematic Internet search of products recommended for PD, medical literature review to determine scientific rationale, any evidence of efficacy, and potential risks. Results A large number of complementary therapies are recommended for patients with PD, generally falling into the following categories: dietary and nutritional; chelation; and physical. Most have reasonable justifications based on mechanism of action and current theories on causes of neurodegeneration in PD, but few have documented evidence of benefit. Fortunately, most have few risks and side effects, although some are very expensive. The protein redistribution diet has substantial evidence of symptomatic benefit. Some antioxidative or -inflammatory supplements, aerobic exercise, Tai chi, and dance and music therapy have preliminary evidence of symptomatic benefit or potential neuroprotective effects, but more research is needed to establish efficacy. Conclusions Patients with PD are faced with many recommendations for complementary therapies. Physicians should know about these in order to have informed discussions with their patients. Some deserve further study.
Effects of anomalous migration and DNA to protein ratios on resolution of equilibrium constants from gel mobility-shift assays

Numerical resolution of binding constants from data generated by the gel mobility-shift assay is dependent on the experimental resolution of the different ligation states of the DNA. Previously we showed that the populations of the intermediate ligation states at partial saturation with the protein ligand are extremely sensitive to cooperativity (Senear, D. F. and Brenowitz, M. J. Biol. Chem. 1991, 266, 13661-13671). This makes accurate gel mobility-shift data extremely useful to the demonstration of cooperativity. However, the accuracy with which the intermediate ligation state populations are resolved has been questioned. Thus, two additional and related questions are now considered. First, what information is available if the intermediate ligation state populations are not used in the analysis of binding constants. Second, is accurate information obtained from those states under conditions of high DNA concentration. These questions are addressed by using the interactions of the lambda cI repressor protein with the three site operator, OR, and the interaction of the E. coli GalR protein with the single site operator, OE. Both simulated and experimental data are analyzed. The results point to two conclusions. First, precise resolution of all macroscopic constants for binding of proteins to DNA is critically dependent on the intermediate ligation state populations; resolution is limited to at most two DNA sites if these states are not used in the analysis. Second, when the DNA and protein concentrations used in the titrations are comparable, the resolution of binding constants is extremely sensitive to experimental uncertainty in the macromolecule concentrations.
Modeling an integrated photoelectrolysis system sustained by water vapor

Two designs for an integrated photoelectrolysis system sustained by water vapor have been investigated using a multi-physics numerical model that accounts for charge and species conservation, electron and ion transport, and electrochemical processes. Both designs leverage the use of a proton-exchange membrane that provides conductive pathways for reactant/product transport and prevents product crossover. The resistive losses, product gas transport, and gas crossovers as a function of the geometric parameters of the two designs have been evaluated systematically. In these designs, minimization of pathways in the membrane that can support the diffusive transport of product gases from the catalyst to the gas-collecting chamber was required to prevent supersaturation of hydrogen or oxygen gases at the Nafion/catalyst interface. Due to the small, thin membrane layer that was required, a small electrode width (<300 μm) was also required to produce low resistive losses in the system. Alternatively, incorporation of a structured membrane that balances the gas transport and ionic transport allows the maximum electrode width to be increased to dimensions as large as a few millimeters. Diffusive gas transport between the cathode and anode was the dominant source for crossover of the product gases under such circumstances. The critical dimension of the electrode required to produce acceptably low rates of product crossover was also investigated through the numerical modeling and device simulations.
Automated fault detection and accommodation: a learning systems approach

The detection, diagnosis, and accommodation of system failures or degradations are becoming increasingly more important in modern engineering problems. A system failure often causes changes in critical system parameters, or even, changes in the nonlinear dynamics of the system. This paper presents a general framework for constructing automated fault diagnosis and accommodation architectures using on-line approximators and adaptation/learning schemes. In this framework, neural network models constitute an important class of on-line approximators. Changes in the system dynamics are monitored by an on-line approximation model, which is used not only for detecting but also for accommodating failures. A systematic procedure for constructing nonlinear estimation algorithms is developed, and a stable learning scheme is derived using Lyapunov theory. Simulation studies are used to illustrate the results and to gain intuition into the selection of design parameters. >
CtBP Family Proteins

CtBP family proteins are unique in animals and in plants. The invertebrates and plants contain a single CtBP family gene while vertebrates have two genes. Genetic studies in Drosophila and in mice indicate that CtBPs play pivotal roles in animal development. The vertebrate CtBPs (CtBPl and CtBP2) are highly related and are functionally redundant for certain developmental processes and non redundant for others. The vertebrates code two isoforms of each CtBPl and CtBP2. The animal CtBPs exhibit a highly conserved sequence and structural similarity to D-isomer specific 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases (D2-HDH). Structural and molecular modeling studies indicate that CtBPl is a dehydrogenase and could also bind with acyl-CoA under a different configuration. The CtBP family members function predominantly as transcriptional corepressors in the nucleus in conjunction with a number of different DNA binding repressors. The transcriptional regulatory activity of CtBPs appears to be regulated by NAD(H)-binding and the metabolic status of the cell. The compressor complex of CtBPl contains enzymatic constituents that mediate coordinated histone modification by deacetylation and methylation of histone H3-K9 and demethylation of histone H3-K4. In the cytosol, they perform diverse functions associated with membrane trafficking, central nervous system synapses and in regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. The mammalian CtBPs modulate oncogenesis by regulating the activities of tumor suppressor genes and cellular and viral oncogenes, consistent with a role in tumor suppression as well as in tumor promotion. The CtBPs promote tumorigenesis by repressing transcription of several critical pro-apoptotic genes and by inhibiting genes involved in the regulation of epithelial to mesen-chymal transition. This Chapter presents a comprehensive general review of the CtBP field and highlights contents of the individual Chapters of this book which contain detailed discussions on structure and functions of animal and plant CtBP family proteins.
Westermann Morphospace displays ammonoid shell shape and hypothetical paleoecology

The Westermann Morphospace method displays fundamental morphotypes and hypothesized life modes of measured ammonoid fossils in a ternary diagram. It quantitatively describes shell shape, without assumption of theoretical coiling laws, in a single, easy-to-read diagram. This allows direct comparison between data sets presented in Westermann Morphospace, making it an ideal tool to communicate morphology. By linking measured shells to hypothesized life modes, the diagram estimates ecospace occupation of the water column. Application of this new method is demonstrated with Mesozoic data sets from monographs. Temporal variation, intraspecies variation, and ontogenetic variation are considered. This method can address hypothetical ecospace occupation in collections with tight stratigraphic, lithologic, and abundance control, even when taxonomy is in dispute.
Revealing gene transcription and translation initiation patterns in archaea, using an interactive clustering model.

An interactive clustering model based on positional weight matrices is described and results obtained using the model to analyze gene regulation patterns in archaea are presented. The 5′ flanking sequences of ORFs identified in four archaea, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Pyrobaculum aerophilum, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, and Pyrococcus abyssi, were clustered using the model. Three regular patterns of clusters were identified for most ORFs. One showed genes with only a ribosome-binding site; another showed genes with a transcriptional regulatory region located at a constant location with respect to the start codon. A third pattern combined the previous two. Both P. aerophilum and Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 exhibited clusters of genes that lacked any regular pattern. Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 also presented regular features not seen in the other organisms. This group of archaea seems to use a combination of eubacterial and eukaryotic regulatory features as well as some unique to individual species. Our results suggest that interactive clustering may be used to examine the divergence of the gene regulatory machinery in archaea and to identify the presence of archaea-specific gene regulation patterns.
Crossing Boundaries: Legal Education and the Challenge of the New Public Interest Law

The article discusses contemporary legal practice and how new understandings of how the law can emerge from empirical information about current approaches to legal issues. It presents the argument that a new public interest law is emerging to deal with current legal problems in a contemporary context. The new public interest law requires a rethinking of the relationship between public interest goals and mainstream practice. Legal education is an integral part of constructing legal practices, and is now confronted with the challenge of changing is pedagogy to reflect the new practice of law. The article describes how a new framework is emerging, and how some law schools are beginning to revise their curriculum to reflect this new framework. It closes with a discussion of the barriers to embed these innovative projects more generally in law schools.
Health Conditions and Passive Suicidal Ideation in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe

Objectives To examine the associations between health conditions and passive suicidal ideation in middle-aged and older adults. Method Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from 35,664 middle-aged and older adults from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Mediation analyses were also conducted to test the roles of disability and depression in risk of ideation. Results After including demographic variables, disability, depression, and other health conditions as covariates, heart attack, diabetes/high blood sugar, chronic lung disease, arthritis, ulcer, and hip/femoral fractures were associated with increased odds of passive suicidal ideation. When grouped by organ systems, conditions affecting the endocrine, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems were associated with increased odds of passive suicidal ideation, as was the total number of conditions. Individuals with greater numbers of health conditions exhibited greater levels of disability and depression, which partially explained the increased risk of passive suicidal ideation among those with more health conditions. Discussion Certain specific health conditions, as well as total number of conditions, are associated with passive suicidal ideation in middle age and older adulthood. Health is a critical risk factor for suicidal ideation in late life and should be further studied in this particularly at-risk population.
Effect of an Insulated Baffle on Pseudosteady-State Natural Convection Inside Spherical Containers

The effect of an insulated thin baffle on pseudosteady-state natural convection within spherical containers is studied computationally. The computations are based on an iterative, finite-volume numerical procedure using primitive dependent variables, whereby the time-dependent, two-dimensional axisymmetric form of the governing continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved. Natural convection effect is modeled via the Boussinesq approximation. Parametric studies were performed for a Prandtl number of 0.7. For Rayleigh numbers of 104 , 105 , 106 and 107 , baffles with 3 lengths positioned at 5 different locations were investigated. In effect, a parametric study involving 60 cases were performed. The computational results were benchmarked against previous data available in the literature by comparing the heat transfer correlations, temperature distribution and streamline patterns for cases with no baffle. In general, regardless of the presence of an insulated baffle, fluid that is heated adjacent to the surface of the sphere rises replacing the colder fluid which sinks downward. For high Ra number cases, the hot fluid at the bottom of the sphere is also observed to rise along the symmetry axis and encounter the sinking colder fluid. This behavior can lead to onset of oscillations in the temperature and flow fields. Due to blockage effect of an insulated thin baffle, multi-cell recirculating vortex structures are observed. The number and strength of these vortices depend on the position and length of the baffle. In the absence of heat transfer path through the insulated baffle, flow obstruction is the major feature of this problem. For the majority of the length and location combinations investigated, less heat is brought into the fluid thus lowering the time rate of rise of the bulk temperature. The extent of heat transfer modification depends on the Rayleigh number, length and location of the extended surface.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Disruption of southern pine beetle infestations with frontalure.

Frontalure contained emerging broods of southern pine beetle within active infestations when used as a bait on all host and non-host trees within the infestations. The attractant was successful in redistributing populations of the southern pine beetle and the predator, Thanasimus dubius (F.), within the infestations. The attractant also prevented new trees from being mass attacked and contained adult beetles within the infestation.
Instruction and supervision of graduate students in Music Education

This article covers curricular issues and also the supervision of graduate students in music education. Procedures for selecting and nurturing graduate students are presented covering entrance, curricular requirements, and differentiations for various levels of masters' students including teacher certification. It addresses curricular issues as well as the supervision of graduate students in music education. A plan is proposed that offers a somewhat novel approach for guiding advanced doctoral students through experiential work that culminates in being both qualified and eager to be life-long musicians, scholars, and researchers. All procedures and suggestions for improvement are nested in observations by the author covering over four decades of working with both students and faculty in higher education. These observations and suggestions include revising entrance qualifications, academic hazing, degree designations, assistantship responsibilities, power issues relating to required courses and examination...
Humeral Shaft Fracture with Ipsilateral Anterior Shoulder Dislocation and Posterior Elbow Dislocation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Fractures of the humeral shaft are rarely complicated by ipsilateral shoulder or elbow dislocation. While the majority of isolated humeral shaft fractures can be treated nonoperatively, polytrauma, neuromuscular disease, and pathologic fractures are often indications for operative intervention1,2. Injuries resulting in concomitant joint dislocation may be associated with functionally adverse outcomes3. Since first reported in the literature in 1940, there have been twenty-three reports in eighteen papers of humeral shaft fractures associated with anterior shoulder dislocation4. There have been even fewer reports of humeral shaft fractures with ipsilateral posterior shoulder dislocation5,6 or ipsilateral elbow dislocation7. We present a case of an extremely rare injury involving a humeral shaft fracture with ipsilateral shoulder and elbow dislocation. To our knowledge, the simultaneous dislocation of both joints in association with an ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture has been reported only once in the literature7. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. A twenty-six-year-old black man arrived at our level-I trauma center. He had been struck by a forklift while trying to save a two-year-old child from being hit by the machine. He sustained a left frontal intraparenchymal subarachnoid hemorrhage with associated facial and orbital fractures. Radiographs obtained in the trauma bay and physical examination revealed a fracture of the midshaft of the right humerus with an ipsilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation and a posterior elbow dislocation (Figs. 1-A and 1-B). Anteroposterior (AP) ( Fig. 1-A ) and lateral ( Fig. 1-B ) radiographs of the right humerus and elbow demonstrating a comminuted oblique midshaft fracture with lateral apex angulation and posterior displacement of the distal fragment. Also evident are the anterior glenohumeral dislocation ( Fig. 1-A ) and the posterior elbow dislocation ( Fig. 1-B ). Fig. 1-A Fig. 1-B While the patient was in the trauma bay, we first turned our attention to the closed joint reductions. We employed general anesthesia to relax the patient adequately. In order to take tension off of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves distally, and to give us a stable and …
Corrosion-Related Defects of Pure Aluminum and AA2037 Aluminum Alloy Studied Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy

Corrosion-related defects of pure Al and AA2037 Al alloy were investigated by measuring Doppler broadening energy spectra of positron annihilation.Defect profiles of the S parameter as a function of positron incident energy up to 30 keV were analyzed.When the sample is treated with 1 mol/L NaOH immersion for various dissolution time,a significant increase in the S parameter in pure Al is observed.This corrosion process shows the presence of defects and voids of a few nanometers near the surface.However,a significant decrease of the S parameter in water-quenched Al alloy after corrosion is observed,which is interpreted as enrichment of Cu within metal-oxide interface layer.AFM images of NaOH-dissolved samples show that there exist a lot of cavities in pure Al,but only a few cavities in Al alloy.
The Low Dimensional Approach to Turbulence

Our group has developed and applied the low dimensional approach over the past decade, primarily in the setting of the flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. This approach has been able to reproduce much of the dynamics of the turbulence near the wall as well as the response of the boundary layer to various effects such as pressure gradients, streamline curvature, and polymer additives. Recently, the possibility of active control of near-wall turbulence has been explored from the point of view of the models. In this application, the models could be used as interpreters and filters of the necessarily noisy sensor measurements at the wall and as a source of insight into the role of the coherent structures in the generation of drag at the wall. Models of this type offer not only a better understanding of near wall flow, but also the promise of a greater understanding of the dynamics of coherent structures in turbulent shear flows in general.
Pathological Features of Pulmonary Disease due to Silicate Dust Inhalation

Clinical and pathological information is limited on diseases of the lung caused by inhalation of plate silicates. Many reports and descriptions of the pathology of these diseases depict postmortem studies conducted on workers with exceedingly heavy pulmonary dust burdens. While these observations are important, the pathological changes seen in severe, advanced cases of disease due to occupational exposure do not accurately reflect the pathological changes occurring in the lungs of lesser degrees of exposure (Hale et al. 1956, and Craighead 1981, Lapenas et al. 1984, Davies 1983, Seaton et al. 1986). Countless numbers those with Vallyathan and Cotton of us are exposed to silicates avocationally and in industries where particulate concentrations in the ambient air are controlled. And, community hospital pathologists occasionally see lesions due to silicates when no documented exposure exists. When a history of silicate exposure is present in those with in chronic obstructive lung disease, definitive evaluation of the functional effects of the silicates is difficult. Since analytical studies to determine the nature of the dust in the lungs are expensive and often not feasible, recognizing the pathologic pattern of lesions due to silicate exposure may be critical to the diagnostic pathologist. Assembled here are observations on sporadic cases occurring in workers exposed to varying degrees of dust.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Youth With Controlled and Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), disproportionately affect adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 13-24 years. Sexually transmitted infections likewise are a risk factor for HIV acquisition and transmission; however, there is a lack of data on STI acquisition in HIV-infected AYAs. Methods We determined the incidence of STIs in HIV-infected AYAs 12.5 500 cells/mm3 in the year preceding STI diagnosis) and other risk factors with STI occurrence. Results Of 1201 enrolled subjects, 1042 participants met age criteria and were included (49% male, 61% black, 88% perinatally infected; mean age 18.3 years). One hundred twenty participants had at least 1 STI on study, of whom 93 had their first lifetime STI (incidence rate = 2.8/100 person-years). For individual STI categories, 155 incident category-specific events were reported; human papillomavirus (HPV) and chlamydial infections were the most common. In the multivariable model, having an STI was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.22), female sex (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.67-4.21), nonperinatal HIV acquisition (aOR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.29-4.22), and uncontrolled HIV infection (aOR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.29-3.25). Conclusions Sexually transmitted infection acquisition in HIV-infected AYAs is associated with older age, female sex, nonperinatal HIV acquisition, and poorly controlled HIV infection. Substantial rates of STIs among HIV-infected AYAs support enhanced preventive interventions, including safe-sex practices and HPV vaccination, and antiretroviral adherence strategies.
Using the Personality Assessment Inventory Antisocial and Borderline Features Scales to Predict Behavior Change: A Multisite Longitudinal Study of Youthful Offenders

A substantial amount of research has examined the developmental trajectory of antisocial behavior and, in particular, the relationship between antisocial behavior and maladaptive personality traits. However, research typically has not controlled for previous behavior (e.g., past violence) when examining the utility of personality measures, such as self-report scales of antisocial and borderline traits, in predicting future behavior (e.g., subsequent violence). Examination of the potential interactive effects of measures of both antisocial and borderline traits also is relatively rare in longitudinal research predicting adverse outcomes. The current study utilizes a large sample of youthful offenders ( N = 1,354) from the Pathways to Desistance project to examine the separate effects of the Personality Assessment Inventory Antisocial Features (ANT) and Borderline Features (BOR) scales in predicting future offending behavior as well as trends in other negative outcomes (e.g., substance abuse, violence, employment difficulties) over a 1-year follow-up period. In addition, an ANT × BOR interaction term was created to explore the predictive effects of secondary psychopathy. ANT and BOR both explained unique variance in the prediction of various negative outcomes even after controlling for past indicators of those same behaviors during the preceding year.
Exploring synthetic heroin: Accounts of acetyl fentanyl use from a sample of dually diagnosed drug offenders.

Introduction and Aims Acetyl fentanyl, a fentanyl analogue emerging onto the recreational drug scene, has been responsible for numerous recent fatal overdoses in the USA, Europe and Russia. Studies reporting acetyl fentanyl use are presently limited to case studies and mortality reports. This study explores the nature of acetyl fentanyl use through the collection of first-hand qualitative data from users to inform public health and drug control policy responses. Design and Methods A series of focus group interviews within a correctional setting—Delaware County (Ohio) Jail, USA. Participants were 102 individuals in one of two US Bureau of Justice Assistance Second Chance Act substance use treatment initiatives participating in at least one focus group session. Five of these individuals reported acetyl fentanyl use. Semi-structured qualitative focus group sessions queried subjects' drugs of choice and nature of drug use. Responses were explored through follow-up organic discourse. Results Acetyl fentanyl users were generally unaware that they had administered the substance until after use (initially believing that they were administering heroin). They described the effects of acetyl fentanyl as stronger and qualitatively different from heroin. These individuals showed no interest in using acetyl fentanyl again describing it as unpleasant and more risky, both because of potency and the threat of a ‘bad batch’. Discussion and Conclusions Acetyl fentanyl is reaching heroin users, some of which administer it unknowingly. Regulation of acetyl fentanyl is recommended in all countries as is increasing public awareness that the substance is distinct from and being sold as heroin. [Miller JM, Stogner JM, Miller BL, Blough S. Exploring synthetic heroin: Accounts of acetyl fentanyl use from a sample of dually diagnosed drug offenders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:121–127]
Bank Governance and Systemic Stability: The "Golden Share" Approach

The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 has sharply reframed the debate on the role of bank corporate governance as a mechanism of systemic crisis prevention. Among other things, it revealed how often the incentives of bank managers and shareholders to maximize short-term private gains are perfectly aligned as a matter of internal governance, but work directly against the broader public interest in preserving long-term financial stability. This Article accepts the existence of that built-in potential conflict as the critical starting point for answering the central question of post-crisis bank governance: How do we ensure that the board of directors of a privately-owned banking institution consistently and effectively acts in a manner that serves the overarching public interest in preventing systemic financial crises? The Article offers an unorthodox solution to this problem: in lieu of “improving” or “tweaking” existing standards and procedures that determine board composition or guide specific board actions, it advocates a fundamental structural reconfiguration of bank governance. Specifically, the Article proposes a special “golden share” regime that would grant direct but conditional management rights to a designated government representative on the board of each systemically important banking organization. The goal of the proposed regime is to create a powerful organizational node of public-interest-driven management, which would operate as a dynamic and flexible internal “emergency brake” on individual banks’ activities presenting significant systemic stability concerns. In effect, this mechanism would enable the federal government to accept the role of the “manager of last resort” of a systemically significant financial firm—but only temporarily, and only when it is necessary to preempt or reverse emerging threats to the financial system’s continuing operation. Importantly, the proposed regime is neither a nationalization measure nor an institutionalized bank bailout. Its overarching purpose is not to put the government in charge of private firms but, on the contrary, to steer the firms toward self-correcting and preventative actions necessary to avoid that undesirable result. In that sense, the golden share regime operationalizes a novel approach to bank—and, more broadly, systemically important financial institution (“SIFI”)—corporate governance as an inherently hybrid public–private process.
fMRI Repetition Suppression During Generalized Social Categorization

Correctly identifying friends and foes is integral to successful group living. Here, we use repetition suppression to examine the neural circuitry underlying generalized group categorization—the process of categorizing in-group and out-group members across multiple social categories. Participants assigned to an arbitrary team (i.e., Eagles or Rattlers) underwent fMRI while categorizing political and arbitrary in-group and out-group members. We found that frontoparietal control network exhibited repetition suppression in response to “identical in-group” (Democrat-Democrat or Eagles-Eagles) and “different in-group” (Eagles-Democrat or Democrat-Eagles) trials relative to “out-group/in-group trials” (Republican-Democrat or Rattler-Eagles). Specifically, the repetition suppression contrast map included bilateral superior parietal lobule, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and bilateral middle temporal gyrus. Participants who reported an increased tendency to join and value their social groups exhibited decreased repetition suppression in bilateral DLPFC. Comparison of our whole-brain repetition suppression map with an independently identified map of frontoparietal control network revealed 34.3% overlap. Social categorization requires recognizing both a target’s group membership but also the target’s orientation toward one’s self. Fittingly, we find that generalized social categorization engages a network that acts as a functional bridge between dorsal attentional (exogenously-oriented) and default mode (internally-oriented) networks.
Monitoring frequency of intra-fraction patient motion using the ExacTrac system for LINAC-based SRS treatments.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-fractional patient motion using the ExacTrac system in LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Method A retrospective analysis of 104 SRS patients with kilovoltage image-guided setup (Brainlab ExacTrac) data was performed. Each patient was imaged pre-treatment, and at two time points during treatment (1st and 2nd mid-treatment), and bony anatomy of the skull was used to establish setup error at each time point. The datasets included the translational and rotational setup error, as well as the time period between image acquisitions. After each image acquisition, the patient was repositioned using the calculated shift to correct the setup error. Only translational errors were corrected due to the absence of a 6D treatment table. Setup time and directional shift values were analyzed to determine correlation between shift magnitudes as well as time between acquisitions. Results The average magnitude translation was 0.64 ± 0.59 mm, 0.79 ± 0.45 mm, and 0.65 ± 0.35 mm for the pre-treatment, 1st mid-treatment, and 2nd mid-treatment imaging time points. The average time from pre-treatment image acquisition to 1st mid-treatment image acquisition was 7.98 ± 0.45 min, from 1st to 2nd mid-treatment image was 4.87 ± 1.96 min. The greatest translation was 3.64 mm, occurring in the pre-treatment image. No patient had a 1st or 2nd mid-treatment image with greater than 2 mm magnitude shifts. Conclusion There was no correlation between patient motion over time, in direction or magnitude, and duration of treatment. The imaging frequency could be reduced to decrease imaging dose and treatment time without significant changes in patient position.
Patterns of retention of the instrumental case in Old English

In addition to the Germanic nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive cases still present in modern German and Icelandic, Old English inherited a fifth case known as the instrumental. This case was marginal and not consistently distinguishable from the dative, with which it had merged by the beginning of the Middle English period. This article establishes the patterns of use of the instrumental and the mechanism of its loss, through analysis of syntactically annotated corpora of Old English texts. It is found that the case survived primarily through probabilistic selection in a set of highly restricted contexts which developed independently of each other, in some cases merging with the dative and in others solidifying into morphologically indecomposable constructions.
Successful Peritoneal Catheter Placement after Major Abdominal Surgery or Peritonitis

Experience with peritoneal catheters in 13 patients with prior abdominal surgery or peritonitis, a high risk group, was compared to 20 patients without prior complications. Intraperitoneal hemorrhage and drainage failure were more frequent in the high risk group. Catheter failure was least likely with curled Tenckhoff catheters. Nevertheless, with present techniques, more than 90% of high risk patients can anticipate successful catheter placement.
Airborne lidar plume and haze analyzer /ALPHA-1/

A new two-wavelength airborne lidar system has been constructed and field-tested. The system was designed to observe the distribution of particle concentrations over large regional areas. During a ...
Inspiring examples of critical peace education: Will we rise to the occasion?

The United States is currently entangled in a range of actions that have implications for global and peace education. The idea that we are a country where everyone has the right to equal treatment ...
Cellulose nanofibers: Electrospinning and nanocellulose self-assemblies

Author(s): Hsieh, YL | Abstract: This chapter highlights top-down and bottom-up approaches to generate ultra-fine cellulose fibers of nano-scale dimensions, micro-porous, meso-porous and sheathcore hybrid structures as well as surface functionalized fibrous materials. Versatile solvent systems have been established to efficiently dissolve cellulose acetate to enable robust electrospinning into homogeneous 1D nanofibers and submicron size fibers that could be easily converted from amorphous to moderately crystalline cellulose II via alkaline hydrolysis. By pairing with either compatible or incompatible polymers, hybrid and nanocomposite fibers as well as porous fibers may be engineered. Surface reactions, grafting and electrostatic deposition can further offer surface functionalization for controlled hydrophobicity, stimuli-responsive behaviors and bound enzyme catalyses. Highly crystalline IΒ nanocelluloses with varied geometries and surface chemistries have been efficiently derived via chemical means and/or shear forces in nanorod and nanofibril forms that have been shown to exhibit unique dispersing and emulsifying properties for oil-water emulsions, coagulants for microbes as well as templates for nanoparticles and nanoprisms. These nanocelluloses can be facilely assembled into new fibrous structures, super-absorbent hydrogels, films and amphiphilic to hydrophobic aerogels for applications, such as oil recovery and separation, water purification, etc. While ultra-fine fibers from these two approaches share some common fibrous morphologies, their crystalline structures, thermal behaviors, surface chemistires, reactivity and chemical functionalities are distinctively different, offering a wide range of strategies for fabricating cellulose nanofibers with tunable functional characteristics for novel materials and advanced composites.
Dynamic Scheduling on Heterogeneous Multicores

Heterogeneous multicore systems help meet design goals by using disparate hardware components that are suitable for different application requirements/design goals. The individual cores may also have different tunable hardware parameters for additional specialization. However, this complicates scheduling since to reap the benefits of specialization, applications should be scheduled to the core that offers the best configuration based on the application’s requirements and design goals. This scheduling decision could be made by exploring the design space to evaluate different configurations to determine the best configuration, or by executing the application in a base configuration to gather execution statistics to predict the best configuration. However, given increasingly complex systems, these methods may be infeasible given extremely large design spaces or difficulty in choosing a representative base configuration. In this paper, we present a dynamic scheduling methodology that uses predictive methods to schedule applications to best configurations for reduced energy consumption for a system with configurable caches. We use an artificial neural network (ANN) to train our predictive model using hardware counters. The trained ANN can then be used to predict the best core and a tuning heuristic explores the design space to determine the best configuration on non-best cores. If the best core is busy, our scheduler considers alternative idle cores or the application is stalled depending on which decision is energy advantageous. Our experiments show that system energy can be reduced by 28% on average as compared to a fixed-core system where all cores offer the same configuration.
Huber Fitting based ADMM Detection for Uplink 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) has been considered as a promising technology to fulfill the requirement of fifth generation (5G) networks. Massive MIMO is designed to provide better throughput and spectral efficiency. However, the major challenge in this system is uplink signal detection which becomes more complicated with a higher number of base station antennas. In this paper, we propose an uplink detection algorithm which is based upon the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm and Huber fitting. Results through Matlab simulation show that compared to conventional detection algorithms, our proposed algorithm can provide better error rate (BER) performance along with reduced computational complexity. We also improve the convergence rate of the algorithm by using the acceleration method.
Balloon dilation performs poorly as a salvage management strategy for recurrent bulbar urethral strictures following failed urethroplasty

Background: The optimal management strategy for recurrent urethral stricture disease (USD) following urethroplasty remains undefined. We aim to evaluate the role and efficacy of endoscopic urethral balloon dilation in temporizing recurrent USD after failed urethroplasty. Methods: Between 2007–2018 at our institution, 80 patients underwent balloon dilation procedures for bulbomembranous urethral strictures. Balloon dilation was performed with an 8-cm, 24-French UroMax Ultra™ balloon dilator, under direct vision, guided by a 16-French flexible cystoscope. Patients who underwent concomitant open or endoscopic urethral procedures were excluded. Treatment failure was defined as the need for subsequent surgical intervention for stricture recurrence. Stricture characteristics including etiology, length, location, severity stage, and prior surgical procedures were compared between patients with and without treatment failure. Results: Failure cases were more likely to have strictures following urethroplasty (21/27, 78%) [vs. the no-failure group (27/53, 51%)]. Among the 27/80 (33.8%) failures with a median follow-up of 8.4 months (IQR, 3.9–22.5 months), median time to recurrence was 4 months (IQR, 2–12 months). These patients had a greater incidence of prior stricture intervention in general (P=0.01) and prior urethroplasty specifically (P=0.03). On multivariable analysis, the number of prior treatments specifically independently remained associated with treatment failure. Complications of balloon dilation were uncommon (6/80, 7.5%) and minor in nature. Conclusions: Endoscopic balloon dilation performs poorly as a salvage strategy after failed open urethral reconstruction in addition to prior urethral dilations.
Project ECHO Revisited: Propensity Score Analysis And HCV Treatment Outcomes

Propensity score analysis is a statistical approach to reduce bias often present in non-randomized observational studies. In this paper we use this method to re-analyze data from a study that assessed whether patients receiving HCV treatment from providers in Project ECHO had different clinical outcomes than patients treated by specialists from an academic medical center (UNM HCV clinic) but in which treatment assignment was not randomized. We modeled the best estimated probability of treatment assignment, and then assess differences overall SVR and SVR in patients with genotype 1 infection by treatment arm using Stabilized Inverse Probability of Treatment Weights (SIPTW). Results show that after adjustment for SIPTW, HCV treatment outcomes were significantly better for the ECHO patients compared to the UNM HCV clinic patients. Higher proportions of patients treated by primary care providers achieved SVR and SVR with genotype 1 compared to those treated at UNM HCV clinic with 15.1% and 16.3% absolute differences, respectively. These results indicate that previously published results (showing no differences) were biased, and resulted in an underestimation of the treatment effect of ECHO on HCV treatment.
Three-dimensional mhd Simulation of Circumbinary Accretion Disks. II. net Accretion Rate

When an accretion disk surrounds a binary rotating in the same sense, the binary exerts strong torques on the gas. Analytic work in the 1D approximation indicated that these torques sharply diminish or even eliminate accretion from the disk onto the binary. However, recent 2D and 3D simulational work has shown at most modest diminution. We present new MHD simulations demonstrating that for binaries with mass ratios of 1 and 0.1 there is essentially no difference between the accretion rate at large radius in the disk and the accretion rate onto the binary. To resolve the discrepancy with earlier analytic estimates, we identify the small subset of gas trajectories traveling from the inner edge of the disk to the binary and show how the full accretion rate is concentrated onto them as a result of stream–disk shocks driven by the binary torques.
Mendedah Lokalitas, Menuju Interseksionalitas: Suatu Usulan Heuristik Lintasan Berteologi dalam Konteks Bagi Kaum Tionghoa-Injili Indonesia Lewat Kacamata Interseksionalitas

This article discusses the utility of intersectional theology for understanding the contextual plurality of social identity within an Indonesian Sino-evangelical frame. My claim will be that the very multiplicity of social identity found in Sino-evangelical communities in Indonesia, which arises from the context of the May 1998 riots, serves as a theological resource that takes form according to certain heuristic trajectories. These trajectories stem from four well-attested characteristics of the Evangelical category itself, which in turn can be read through intersectional lenses. To achieve such an aim, I first explore the notion of plural identity vis-a-vis the label of Sino-evangelical in general. The essay then moves to discuss intersectional theology in light of what is characteristic about the category, Evangelical. Afterward, I explicate a key social context for the Sino-evangelical community, namely, the May 1998 riots. In the final section, I construct certain theologically heuristic trajectories according to an intersectional theological reading of the Sino-evangelical community, which is then framed according to four dimensions of David W. Bebbington’s (Evangelical) quadrilateral: conversionism, activism, biblicism, and crucicentrism.