cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transmission distribution, (ln T), of 1D disordered chain: Low-T tail

We demonstrate that the tail of transmission distribution through a 1D disordered Anderson chain is a strong function of the correlation radius of the random potential, a, even when this radius is much shorter than the de Broglie wavelength, kF−1. The reason is that the correlation radius defines the phase volume of the trapping configurations of the random potential, which are responsible for the low-T tail. To see this, we perform the averaging over the low-T disorder configurations by first introducing a finite lattice spacing ∼a, and then demonstrating that the prefactor in the corresponding functional integral is exponentially small and depends on a even as a → 0. Moreover, we demonstrate that this restriction of the phase volume leads to a dramatic change in the shape of the tail of Open image in new window (ln T) from universal Gaussian in lnT to a simple exponential (in lnT) with the exponent depending on a. Severity of the phase-volume restriction affects the shape of the low-T disorder configurations, transforming them from almost periodic (Bragg mirrors) to periodically-sign-alternating (loose mirrors).
Reliability and Discriminant Validity of Institutional Integration Scales for Disadvantaged College Students

Pascarella and Terenzini (1980) developed five factorially derived institutional integration scales to operationalize Tinto's (1975) conceptual model of college student withdrawal. Some psychometri...
Systems analysis of the role of bone morphogenic protein 4 in endothelial inflammation.

Shear stress is an important factor in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. High and unidirectional laminar stress is seen as protective, while low and oscillatory shear stress is considered pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic. The mechanosensitive response of endothelial cells is governed by a complex system of genes, proteins, and signals that operate at distinctly different time scales. We propose a dynamic mathematical model that quantitatively describes this mechanosensing system and permits novel insights into its functioning. The model, the first of its kind, is constructed within the guidelines of Biochemical Systems Theory and accounts for different time scales by means of approximated delays. Parameter values are obtained directly from biochemical observations in an ad hoc fashion. The model reflects most documented observations well and leads to a number of predictions and novel hypotheses. In particular, it demonstrates the crucial role of Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 and p47phox-dependent NADPH oxidases in endothelial inflammation.
DIFFUSE WELL DIFFERENTIATED LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA : A CLINICAL STUDY OF 22 PATIENTS

An analysis is presented of the clinical and prognostic features of 22 patients diagnosed with diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital between 1974
COATING OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY SUBSTRATE WITH Ti/N COMPOSITIONAL GRADIENT FILM BY REACTIVE DC SPUTTERING

Abstract Coating of Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates with Ti/N compositional gradient films was carried out by reactive DC sputtering, to improve the blood compatibility of the alloy and to relax the stress concentrated at the interface. The compositional gradient was realized by varying continuously the nitrogen content in Ar-N2 sputter gas during depositing. The deposited film appeared to be uniform and adhesive. TiN formation at the surface of the film was assumed, because of its yellow gold color and high hardness. Under SEM, it was found that the surface had fine particles dispersed on a smooth, accumulated deposit and that this depositing method improved not only the structural property of the film surface but also the adherence of the film with the substrate. Under AES, it was confirmed that nitrogen concentration in the film decreased gradually from the surface toward the substrate. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
What is the optimal treatment volume in Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy?

To determine the optimal treatment volume in Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and radiation therapy (RT), failure sites were reviewed in 56 patients. Twenty-one (38%) received involved-field RT (IFRT) before or after HDCT encompassing sites of prior disease. Failure sites were designated as previously involved (old) or uninvolved (new) sites. Seven patients (12%) died in the immediate post-HDCT period, leaving 49 evaluable (median follow-up, 41 months). Twenty-five patients (51%) relapsed (14 HDCT, 11 HDCT + IFRT): seven (28%) in old, eight (32%) in new, and ten (40%) in old and new sites. Six of the seven who relapsed in old sites received HDCT alone, whereas seven of the eight who relapsed in new sites received IFRT. Relapse in old sites was particularly common in patients failing to achieve a complete response. The most common new failure site was nodal, occurring in 11 patients and was primarily (10/11) adjacent to an old site. Although it controls prior disease, IFRT is insufficient in Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing HDCT. Relapse is common in new nodal sites and is primarily adjacent to prior sites. These results suggest that extended-field RT encompassing old and adjacent uninvolved nodal sites may be the optimal treatment volume in these patients. Radiat. Oncol. Invest. 7:353–359, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Decision making in difficult proximal humerus fractures: When to fix, pin, or replace

Management of displaced proximal humerus fractures remains a debated topic in orthopaedic surgery. Many different management techniques have been advocated from open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), to percutaneous techniques, to hemiarthroplasty. The author's technique for determination of viability of the articular segment is reviewed, as are the special cases of the valgus-impacted four part fracture and three part fractures. The indications for percutaneous fixation, ORIF, and hemiarthroplasty are reviewed.
Dynamic Cell Type Specificity of SRC-1 Coactivator in Modulating Uterine Progesterone Receptor Function in Mice

Regulation of gene transcription by the progesterone receptor (PR) in cooperation with coactivator/corepressor complexes coordinates crucial processes in female reproduction. To investigate functional relationships between PR and steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) in distinct cell types of uterine tissue during gene transcription, we generated a new transgenic mouse model utilizing a Progesterone Receptor Activity Indicator (PRAI) system that could monitor PR activity in vivo. The PRAI system consists of a modified PR bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone in which the DNA binding domain of the PR was replaced with the yeast Gal4 DNA binding domain. A humanized green fluorescent protein (hrGFP) reporter controlled by the Upstream Activating Sequences for the Gal4 gene (UAS(G)) was inserted in tandem with the modified PR gene. Expression of hrGFP in the uterus demonstrated that the PRAI animal model faithfully replicated PR signaling under various endocrine states. Bigenic PRAI-SRC-1(-/-) mice revealed that SRC-1 modulates PR activity in the uterus in a cell-specific fashion and is involved in PR gene activation in stroma and myometrium of the uterus in response to estrogen and progesterone. In contrast, SRC-1 was involved in the down-regulation of PR target gene expression in the luminal and glandular epithelial compartments of the uterus after chronic progesterone treatment. Finally, we dissected the means by which SRC-1 dynamically regulates PR activity in each uterine cell compartment and demonstrated that it involves the differential ability of SRC-1 to modulate expression levels of distinct coactivators, corepressors, and PR in a cell-specific fashion.
Intraocular Lens Power Formulas

We have developed a FORTRAN digital computer program to evaluate intraocular lens power for any thin lens and combination of corneal curvature and axial length. Partial derivatives of the power with respect to cornea power, axial length, and lens position allow estimation of error in power of the lens. These derivatives are computed along with power of the lens for six far points which may be changed with the program running. The program is written for remote access so that an ordinary telephone and portable terminal provide the ability to compute lens power.
Calculation of the Aqueous Thermodynamic Properties of Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates and Precursors and the Estimation of High Temperature and Pressure Equation of State Parameters

The citric acid cycle (CAC) is the central pathway of energy transfer for many organisms, and understanding the origin of this pathway may provide insight into the origins of metabolism. In order to assess the thermodynamics of this key pathway for microorganisms that inhabit a wide variety of environments, especially those found in high temperature environments, we have calculated the properties and parameters for the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers equation of state for the major components of the CAC. While a significant amount of data is not available for many of the constituents of this fundamental pathway, methods exist that allow estimation of these missing data.
The relation between emotional awareness and hallucinations and delusions in acute psychiatric inpatients.

Abstract Background Although negative affect has been frequently implicated in the formation of cognitive and perceptual disturbances ranging from odd perceptions and beliefs to delusions and hallucinations it represents only one of the many aspects of emotional disturbances that may contribute to psychopathology. Surprisingly, no past research has examined in a psychiatric sample whether levels of cognitive–perceptual symptoms are associated with levels of emotional awareness (i.e., attention to emotion and clarity of emotion). In the present study we examined, in an acute psychiatric inpatient sample, the relations between emotional awareness and the severity of delusions and hallucinations. Method Two groups were included: 34 schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disordered inpatients and 30 mood and substance use disordered inpatients. Patients were assessed on emotional awareness (attention to emotion and emotional clarity) and severity of psychiatric symptomatology. Results We found that lower levels of emotional clarity were associated with more severe hallucination ratings in both groups of patients. Among schizophrenia spectrum patients, lower levels of attention to emotion were also associated with more severe hallucination ratings. Among mood/substance disorder participants, higher levels of attention to emotion were associated with more severe delusion ratings, whereas the opposite pattern was found among schizophrenia spectrum participants. Conclusions Consistent with the results of past research using college and community samples, we found that diminished emotional clarity is associated with elevated levels of hallucinations in both mood disorder/substance abuse and schizophrenia spectrum inpatients. We also found that greater attention to emotion was associated with more severe delusions, though only among the mood disorder/substance use group. The present research findings support the role of emotional awareness in hallucination formation and suggest that the factors that contribute to delusions in schizophrenia spectrum patients differ, in part, from the factors that contribute to delusion formation in other groups of individuals.
Polymorphism in stratum corneum lipids

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to investigate the thermotropic phase behavior of stratum corneum lipid multilamellae. Stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of mammalian skin, is unusual in many respects. It has been demonstrated that the lipids of the stratum corneum provide the primary electrical and transport resistance in the skin. These lipids are unusual in their composition, structure and localization; they contain only cholesterol, fatty acids and ceramides and they form broad, multi-lamellar sheets which are located extracellularly. The FTIR results from both the symmetric CH2 stretching and the CH2 scissoring vibrations suggest that the SC lipids exhibit polymorphic phase behavior below the main phase transition temperature. The multiple phases are most likely crystalline mixtures of different alkyl chain packings, along with solid-liquid phases. Similarities between the FTIR results reported here for SC lipids and those obtained for cholesterol-containing gel phase phospholipids suggest that the non-uniform distribution of cholesterol occurs in each system.
Effects of dietary ethanol upon experimental trypanosomal (T. cruzi) myocarditis.

Summary and conclusionsThe effects of prolonged ingestion of alcohol upon the course and severity of acute experimental trypanosomal myocarditis in young male C3H mice were studied. Twenty-four mice were fed a liquid control diet. After 65 days, 12 of these animals were inoculated with 9,000 Trypanosoma cruzi (Colombian). Twenty-four mice were fed a similar diet except that 1/7 of its calories were derived from ethanol, isocalorically substituted for sucrose. Half of these animals were infected after 65 days. Mice were weighed, and parasites in blood smears were counted once weekly. After 114 days on the diets, the surviving animals were sacrificed. The uninfected animals maintained their weight normally. The ethanol-fed animals differed from their controls by having slightly but significantly heavier hearts (4% of heart weight and 9% of heart weight/body weight ratio). Three of 12 ethanol-fed animals died early. The infected animals lost weight on either diet and showed a mortality of 17/24 irrespective ...
Do we need specialist adolescent units in hospitals

Papers p 957 If you were an adolescent aged 12–19 and you needed to be admitted to hospital would you want to be admitted to a paediatric unit with young children, an adult ward, or a separate unit just for adolescents? And if the last was your choice, what arguments would you put forward to justify it? A paper in this week's issue puts forward several. One argument for separate adolescent wards is that professionals skilled in the care of young people create a “therapeutic environment” that might be especially beneficial. However, this is difficult to prove and no one has undertaken a controlled study to identify such an impact. Most obviously it could be argued that properly organised adolescent units provide for the specific developmental needs of those in the second decade of life—schooling, recreation, socialising—as well as …
Abstract 4415: Differential effects of biochanin A on cell proliferation and ROS-dependent pathways in estrogen receptor positive and HER-2 positive breast cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The naturally occurring isoflavone biochanin A has been reported to have chemo-preventative properties towards cancer. Biochanin A exhibits antioxidant properties. Because of its antioxidant properties, biochanin A may be used to target breast cancer cells with high intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of biochanin A on two cell lines — an estrogen receptor (ER) positive and a HER-2 positive breast cancer cell line. Biochanin A is implicated to affect both hormonal receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Overstimulation of ER is a basis for tumor progression due to the disruption of the cell cycle and apoptosis in estrogen positive breast cancer cells. Activation of HER-2 initiates cell growth, survival and invasion promoting cell signaling events in HER-2 positive breast cancer cells. MCF-7 (estrogen positive) and SK-BR-3 (HER-2 positive) cells were treated with biochanin A (2-100 μM) for 72 hours. Then MTT (cell survival) assay was carried out to determine the effects of biochanin A on cell survival. Our results suggest that biochanin A induces a dose-related inhibition of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cell viability at 50 μM. MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells were also treated with biochanin A (50 μM) for 12 hours and subsequently treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(2 μM) for 30 minutes: then western blotting was carried out to determine their expression of ERK and transcription factor NFκB. We found that biochanin A inhibits phospho-ERK pathway in SK-BR-3 but not in MCF-7 cells. However, expression of the transcription factor NFκB was decreases in both SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells. Thus, biochanin A may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer because of its ability to affect both hormonal receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases and to decrease intracellular ROS levels. (Supported by NIH INBRE P20RR016454, URC and MSTMRI) Citation Format: Lindsy Dickerson, Vikas Sehdev, Pamela L. Crowell, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan. Differential effects of biochanin A on cell proliferation and ROS-dependent pathways in estrogen receptor positive and HER-2 positive breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4415
Smart memory architecture and methods

Abstract This paper discusses potential functionalities of smart memories. Smart memory entails the tight coupling of memory and logic. A specific architecture called the memory processor model is proposed. The model seeks to alleviate the von Neumann bottleneck, take advantage of technology trends, improve overall system speed, and add encapsulation advantages. Speed is increased through locality of processing, communication savings, higher-level functionality, and parallelism. Data objects are accessed through descriptors, which give the memory a meta-knowledge concerning the objects, allowing for nontraditional access mechanisms. Both data types and operations are programmable, and the model is streamlined for memory operations and services. Innovative processing schemes, coupled with emerging technology densities, allow for substantial fine-grain parallelism in traditional and novel memory operations. Three important paradigms introduced are descriptor processing, where operations are accomplished without access to the actions data, associative descriptor processing, supporting highly parallel access and processing, and the single-program multiple-data method, allowing parallelism by simultaneous processing of data objects distributed amongst multiple smart memories. Examples of specific operations are presented. This paper presents initial studies into the smart memory mechanism with the goal of describing its potential and stimulating further work.
A scalable infrastructure model for carbon capture and storage: SimCCS

Abstract In the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process, CO2 sources and geologic reservoirs may be widely spatially dispersed and need to be connected through a dedicated CO2 pipeline network. We introduce a scalable infrastructure model for CCS (simCCS) that generates a fully integrated, cost-minimizing CCS system. SimCCS determines where and how much CO2 to capture and store, and where to build and connect pipelines of different sizes, in order to minimize the combined annualized costs of sequestering a given amount of CO2. SimCCS is able to aggregate CO2 flows between sources and reservoirs into trunk pipelines that take advantage of economies of scale. Pipeline construction costs take into account factors including topography and social impacts. SimCCS can be used to calculate the scale of CCS deployment (local, regional, national). SimCCS’ deployment of a realistic, capacitated pipeline network is a major advancement for planning CCS infrastructure. We demonstrate simCCS using a set of 37 CO2 sources and 14 reservoirs for California. The results highlight the importance of systematic planning for CCS infrastructure by examining the sensitivity of CCS infrastructure, as optimized by simCCS, to varying CO2 targets. We finish by identifying critical future research areas for CCS infrastructure.
Multifractal structure of multiparticle production in branching models

A procedure is described for the multifractal analysis of data on multiparticle production obtained at high energy either in experiment or in Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown how the spectrum $f(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ of the rapidity-density index $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ can be determined from the multiplicity fluctuation of the rapidity distribution, as the resolution is changed. The branching model is used to illustrate the procedure. It is found that the ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{3}$ model has a narrower $f(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ than the gluon model, suggesting that multifractality is a useful arena for confrontation between theory and experiment.
Biochemical analysis of Thermotoga maritima GH36 alpha-galactosidase (TmGalA) confirms the mechanistic commonality of clan GH-D glycoside hydrolases.

Organization of glycoside hydrolase (GH) families into clans expands the utility of information on catalytic mechanisms of member enzymes. This issue was examined for GH27 and GH36 through biochemical analysis of GH36 α-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmGalA). Catalytic residues in TmGalA were inferred through structural homology with GH27 members to facilitate design of site-directed mutants. Product analysis confirmed that the wild type (WT) acted with retention of anomeric stereochemistry, analogous to GH27 enzymes. Conserved acidic residues were confirmed through kinetic analysis of D327G and D387G mutant enzymes, azide rescue, and determination of azide rescue products. Mutation of Asp327 to Gly resulted in a mutant that had a 200−800-fold lower catalytic rate on aryl galactosides relative to the WT enzyme. Azide rescue experiments using the D327G enzyme showed a 30-fold higher catalytic rate compared to without azide. Addition of azide to the reaction resulted in formation of azide β-d-galac...
Teaching as Design: Theory, Research, and Implications for Design Teaching.

Abstract Drawing parallels between designing and teaching, this paper reviews current thought about teaching and teacher thinking, illustrates possibilities for research on studio teaching, proposes recommendations for design instruction improvement and analyses reasons for teachers' selective adoption of new ideas about teaching, using the Portsmouth Design Group's model.
A QM/MM Direct Dynamics Trajectory Investigation of Trimethylene Decomposition in an Argon Bath

The decomposition of trimethylene embedded in an argon environment is studied using classical trajectory simulations. The trimethylene intramolecular forces are calculated directly from semiempirical electronic structure theory at each trajectory step, and the intermolecular forces are determined from Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential energy functions. When the argon is in a low to moderate density fluid phase, it does not affect the rate of trimethylene decomposition or product branching ratios, but at high densities, the H-transfer reaction leading to propene is favored over cyclization.
Nonholonomic systems with non-linear constraint equations

Abstract The development of a form of Lagrange's equations applicable with nonholonomic systems with non-linear constraint equations is presented and discussed. The analysis is based upon, and is an extension of. a method developed by the authors for nonholonomic systems with linear constraint equations in the generalized coordinate derivatives. The method is illustrated with the problem of the “balancing pole”.
Predictors of early care and education type among preschool-aged children in immigrant families: The role of region of origin and characteristics of the immigrant experience

Abstract Children of immigrants have lower rates of participation in early care and education (ECE) settings in the year before they enter kindergarten than do children of native parents. There is a dearth of research examining factors associated with the ECE type that immigrant families select for their children. Using data on immigrant families from the ECLS-B (N ≈ 2500) this study aims to fill gaps in the literature by examining associations between immigrant, family, child, and contextual characteristics and patterns of ECE type at age 4. The results show significant differences in ECE type related to parental region of origin that were reduced when characteristics of families and contexts were taken into account. Findings highlight the importance of considering factors that may be especially salient for immigrant families, including household English proficiency, parental citizenship status, parental preferences, and availability of non-English speaking care providers.
Species-area relationships in coral communities: evaluating mechanisms for a commonly observed pattern

Landscape-scale attributes of patch size, spatial isolation, and topographic complexity are known to influence diversity and abundance in terrestrial and marine systems, but remain collectively untested for reef-building corals. To investigate the relationship between the coral assemblage and seascape variation in reef habitats, we took advantage of the distinct boundaries, spatial configurations, and topographic complexities among artificial reef patches to overcome the difficulties of manipulating natural reefs. Reef size (m2) was found to be the foremost predictor of coral richness in accordance with species-area relationship predictions. Larger reefs were also found to support significantly higher colony densities, enabling us to reject the null hypothesis of random placement (a sampling artifact) in favor of target area predictions that suggest greater rates of immigration on larger reefs. Unlike the pattern previously documented for reef fishes, topographic complexity was not a significant predictor of any coral assemblage response variable, despite the range of complexity values sampled. Lastly, coral colony density was best explained by both increasing reef size and decreasing reef spatial isolation, a pattern found exclusively among brooding species with shorter larval dispersal distances. We conclude that seascape attributes of reef size and spatial configuration within the seascape can influence the species richness and abundance of the coral community at relatively small spatial scales (<1 km). Specifically, we demonstrate how patterns in the coral communities that have naturally established on these manipulated reefs agree with the target area and island biogeography mechanisms to drive species-area relationships in reef-building corals. Based on the patterns documented in artificial reefs, habitat degradation that results in smaller, more isolated natural reefs may compromise coral diversity.
Dynamic simulation and experimental validation of an upper extremity powered orthosis

The Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX) is a passive upper limb orthosis powered by elastic bands, designed to assist children with weakness in their upper limbs. Patient studies with the WREX have determined that an external power source would enhance performance of the system. Two actuation schemes were considered: (i) motors in series with springs at the joints, called ‘Torsional’ (ii) motors in series with gravity balancing elastic bands, called ‘In-line’. Dynamic models of these two motor placements were developed. Dynamic simulations, based on representative patient motion data, were performed. We observed that the torsional case with motors in series with springs at the joints required substantially less torque when compared to the in-line case with motors in series with gravity balancing springs. An experimental platform is being developed with this configuration and preliminary results are included.
Scenario-Based Architectural Design Decisions Documentation and Evolution

Software architecture is considered as a set of architectural design decisions. Capturing and representing architectural design decisions during the architecting process is necessary for reducing architectural knowledge evaporation. Moreover, managing the evolution of architectural design decisions helps to maintain consistency between requirements and the deployed system. In this paper, we create the Triple View Model (TVM) as a general architecture framework for documenting architectural design decisions. The TVM clarifies the notion of architectural design decisions in three different views and covers key features of the architecting process. Based on the TVM, we propose a scenario-based methodology (SceMethod) to manage the documentation and evolution of architectural design decisions. We also conduct a case study on an industrial project to validate the applicability and the effectiveness of the TVM and the SceMethod. The results show they provide complete documentation on architectural design decisions for creating a system architecture, and well support architecture evolution with changing requirements.
Relationship between symptom over-reporting and pre- and post-combat trauma history in veterans evaluated for PTSD

We examined the prevalence of pre- and post-combat traumatic events in the histories of 129 combat veterans referred to be evaluated for PTSD and examined the impact of these non-combat traumatic events on self-reported psychiatric symptoms. Participants were consecutive referrals to a Veterans Affairs outpatient post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinic who completed structured interviews, self-report measures (e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2; MMPI-2), and a trauma history questionnaire as part of their routine clinical evaluations. Findings show that non-combat trauma was prevalent in this sample, with 65% (21% pre-combat) reporting physical assaults and 12% (11% pre-combat) reporting sexual assaults. Overall, history of sexual or physical assaults did not appear to be systematically related to reported symptom level. However, chi square analyses revealed a consistent over-representation of veterans who reported sexual trauma in the category suggestive of response exaggeration (i.e., MMPI-2 F-K validity index > or = 13). Finally, a hierarchical regression equation predicting F-K scores was computed, but accounted for only 15.9% of the variance in F-K. Presence of sexual assault history was the only predictor associated with a more pronounced response set suggestive of exaggeration or deception. These findings tentatively indicate that if history of sexual or physical assault has an impact on symptom reporting in combat veterans evaluated for PTSD, it is of modest magnitude.
The Emotionally Intelligent Early Childhood Educator: Self-Reflective Journaling

A current interest in education is the growing awareness that the development of social and emotional skills in children is critical for the foundation of academic knowledge in the classroom. The early childhood educator is in a position to be a powerful nurturer of the social emotional development in young children. It is important, therefore, to challenge early childhood teachers, particularly veteran teachers, to take a closer look at their own social and emotional skills and to systematically reassess these skills through an emotionally intelligent “lens”. The field of emotional intelligence is a new and exciting area of academic research that looks at emotional abilities within the following four domains: (1) perception skills; (2) accessing skills; (3) understanding skills; and (4) regulation skills. This article presents a userfriendly methodology to assess and enhance the emotional intelligence abilities of teachers, and thereby impact the abilities of the young children they teach.
Visualization and interpretation of analysis results within the context of formalized UML diagrams

This project complements and extends previous work that has focused on attaching formal semantics to informal graphical object-oriented modeling notations in order to automatically generate formal specifications for a number of target languages (Bourdeau and Cheng, 1995; Wang et al., 1997). My research (Campbell and Cheng, 2000; Campbell et al., 2000; Cheng et al., 2000) builds upon the informal and formal integration work by investigating how commonly used automated analysis techniques, such as simulators, model checkers, rewriting systems, and theorem provers can be combined and used in tandem. The main artifacts that are being analyzed are the formal specifications generated from the informal diagrams. The automated analysis enables a developer to check the system design for various properties, such as freedom from deadlock or constraint satisfaction (i.e, specific conditions are satisfied). The formal semantics for the diagrams also makes it possible to execute the graphical models, via the formal specifications, in order to validate the behavior of the system design.
Serial analysis of V6 ribosomal sequence tags (SARST‐V6): a method for efficient, high‐throughput analysis of microbial community composition

Serial analysis of ribosomal sequence tags (SARST) is a novel technique for characterizing microbial community composition. The SARST method captures sequence information from concatemers of short 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from complex populations of DNA. Here, we describe a similar method, serial analysis of V6 ribosomal sequence tags (SARST-V6), which targets the V6 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The SARST-V6 technique exploits internal primer sequences to generate compatible restriction digest overhangs, thereby improving upon the efficiency of SARST. Serial analysis of V6 ribosomal sequence tags of bacterial community composition in hydrothermal marine sediments from Guaymas Basin resembled results of cloning and sequencing of single, full-length PCR products from ribosomal RNA genes of the same microbial community. Both methods identified the same major bacterial groups, but only SARST-V6 recovered thermodesulfobacteria and gamma-proteobacteria sequences, while only full-length PCR product cloning recovered candidate division OP11 se-quences. There were differences in the relative frequencies of some phylotypes. The disparities reflect differences in the amplicon pool obtained during initial amplification that may result from different primer affinities or DNA degradation. These results demonstrate the utility of SARST-V6 in collecting taxonomically informative data for high-throughput analysis of microbial communities.
Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics.

A method of obtaining an average reaction time distribution for a group of subjects is described. The method is particularly useful for cases in which data from many subjects are available but there are only 10-20 reaction time observations per subject cell. Essentially, reaction times for each subject are organized in ascending order, and quantiles are calculated. The quantiles are then averaged over subjects to give group quantiles (cf. Vincent learning curves). From the group quantiles, a group reaction time distribution can be constructed. It is shown that this method of averaging is exact for certain distributions (i.e., the resulting distribution belongs to the same family as the individual distributions). Furthermore, Monte Carlo studies and application of the method to the combined data from three large experiments provide evidence that properties derived from the group reaction time distribution are much the same as average properties derived from the data of individual subjects. This article also examines how to quantitatively describe the shape of reaction time distributions. The use of moments and cumulants as sources of information about distribution shape is evaluated and rejected because of extreme dependence on long, outlier reaction times. As an alternative, the use of explicit distribution functions as approximations to reaction time distributions is considered.
MR diffusion/“diffraction” phenomenon in multi-pulse-field-gradient experiments

Using pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) experiments, the sizes of the pores in ordered porous media can be estimated from the “diffraction” pattern that the signal attenuation curves exhibit. A different diffraction pattern is observed when the experiment is extended to a larger number (N) of diffusion gradient pulse pairs. Simulations to calculate signal values from arbitrary gradient waveforms are performed for diffusion in restricted geometries using a matrix operator formalism. The simulations suggest that the differences in the characteristics of the attenuation curves are expected to make it possible to measure smaller pore sizes, to improve the accuracy of pore size measurements and potentially to distinguish different pore shapes using the N-PFG technique. Moreover, when an even number of PFG pairs is used, it is possible to observe the diffraction pattern at shorter diffusion times and measure an approximation to the average pore size even when the sample contains pores with a broad distribution of sizes.
Survey of Evidence for Neurosecretion in Gastropod Molluscs

In gastropods that have been studied, there is some indication of the presence of neurons with specialized staining properties that are possibly neurosecretory. However, there are no stains specific for neurosecretion, and certain cellular inclusions can simulate secretory products. The presence of elementary neurosecretory granules does not as such determine neurosecretory status since such granules may represent neurotransmitters. Evidence of cyclical secretory activity of so-called neurosecretory neurons is most frequently related to reproductive phenomena, but there are also instances of control of water balance and hibernation. The existence of neurohemal organs within nerves and commissures has been described in several species. So-called neuroglandular complexes have been reported in association with the nervous system. Vesicles incorporated in the central nervous system may be sensory rather than glandular. Some caution is needed in estimating secretory activity of these complexes. Possible non-neural endocrine glands adjacent to the central ganglia have been described. In pulmonates granule-laden fibers are associated with the mediodorsal bodies; however, the nature of the neurosecretomotor or neurosecretory-neuropil control is still unclear, both morphologically and physiologically.
Surfactant Impact on Nitrogen Utilization and Leaching in Potatoes

Some producers face a unique problem with potato (Solanum tuberosum) production on sandy soils where a dry zone can develop in the potato hill. Surfactants may reduce this dry zone by decreasing water surface tension, thus enhancing water and nutrient uptake. A study was established to determine if band applying nonionic surfactant at 9.35 L ha−1 in the seed furrow at planting would reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching and increase potato yield and quality. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at 34, 168, 236, and 303 kg N ha−1. Porous cup samplers were installed beneath the row at 1-m depth in three treatments, with soil solution samples collected weekly. Nitrate-N concentration and irrigation + rainfall data were used to estimate nitrate leaching. Surfactant application resulted in changes of total NO3-N load between + 6.0 and −46.7% for this 3- year study; however, because of high within-treatment variation for the soil water NO3-N samples, these differences were not statistically significant at the < 0.10 p-value, although a two sample t-test of +/− surfactant treatments across N rates and years resulted in a < 0.01 p-value. Nitrate-N leaching increased with increasing N fertilization rate. Soil NO3-N concentration 20 days after the last N fertilization was significantly less (30.1%) with surfactant application across all years and N rates. Soil NH4-N at this time also tended to be decreased with surfactant application (19.7% reduction, p = 0.12). Total potato yield was not affected by surfactant use, but increased with increasing N rate. Tuber N content increased with surfactant use, resulting in increased crop N uptake.
Costs Versus Benefits of Routine Histopathological Examination in Total Ankle Replacement.

Background:Routine histopathological examination has previously been scrutinized as a source of extraneous cost in orthopedic foot and ankle care. As an increasingly prevalent joint replacement operation, total ankle replacement poses a notable cost to the health care market in an era of cost containment. The purpose of this study was to compare the costs and benefits of routine histopathological examination of specimens removed during total ankle replacement. We hypothesized that a new diagnosis would rarely be found and such examination would seldom alter patient care.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of all total ankle replacement operations between 2006 and July 2014 at the investigators’ institution. Medical records for 90 patients, undergoing a total of 95 total ankle replacement operations, were reviewed to determine the clinical and pathological diagnoses for each operation and, subsequently, the rates of discrepancy and discordance. Professional charges were determined using estimated ...
Photoreceptors for biosynthesis, energy storage and vision

Abstract Living organisms use light as a source of energy and as a means of obtaining information about their environment. Photoreactivating enzyme, provitamins D, retinal (rhodopsins and bacteriorhodopsin), porphyrins (chlorophyll, protochlorophyll and heme), photosynthetic accessory pigments (carotenoids and bilins), phytochrome and riboflavin: these are the molecules which life has settled upon to play the role of light receptor. For some of these photoreceptor molecules a great deal is now known about the chemistry which they perform upon absorbing light; for others virtually nothing is known. Riboflavin, the molecule believed to be functioning in a variety of organisms as the receptor for physiological responses to blue light, is an especially interesting case. Its widespread occurrence in cellular roles other than photoreception make it difficult to separate out the particular flavin which functions as the photoreceptor. It represents a case of a photoreceptor which is at once ubiquitous and elusive.
A transient component in the breakdown voltage of silicon p-n junction rectifiers

The Electronic Component Reliabilty Center at Battelle Memorial Instiute is involved in a continuing study of physical mechanisms and processes in electronic arts pertinent to device reliability. In a study of avalanche breakdown in diffused silicon p-n junctions, an exponential decrease with time ahas been observed in the onset voltage for microplasma conduction. The time constant of this decrease is inversely proportional to the ratio of average on- to off-time of the microplasma pulses, and the magnitude is temperature dependent, peaking at approximately 60° K. The theory is advanced that, during the avalanche pulse, the acquisition rate of electrons by ionized donor impurities is increased, decreasing the ionized donor concentration, thus changing the field intensity and hence the breakdown voltage. In effect, compensating donor sites tend to fill during the microplasma pulses and empty in the internals between pulses. Thus, ?ND (t) = rfTon - re Toff, where rf and re are the filling and emptying rates, respectively, and Ton and Toff are the relative average on- and off-times of the microplasma pulses. At temperatures where the Fermi level is several kT from the energy level of the trapping sites, the occupation index of the traps is relatively unaffected by injected carrier density. However, where EF is within a few kT of ET, the occupation density of the traps is a strong function of the injected carrier density.
Strategic Ambiguity: Protecting Emphasized Femininity and Hegemonic Masculinity in the Hookup Culture

Hooking up is a term commonly used in contemporary American society to refer to sexual activity between two people who are not in a committed romantic relationship. Data show that although many college students are engaging in hookups, there is no consensus on how to define a hookup. The author uses the concept of “strategic ambiguity” to explore the intentionality and usefulness of the vagueness of this term. Specific to hookups, strategic ambiguity is when individuals use the term “hookup” to describe their sexual activities rather than give details about their sexual activities as an impression management strategy to protect their sexual and social identities. Analyzing data gathered through interviews with heterosexual students at a mid-sized public university in the South, this article addresses the normative character and the myriad definitions of hookups; addresses the underlying heterosexist bias in the definitions of hookups; and analyzes how the ambiguity of the term “hookup” serves women and me...
Alternative workflows for plant proteomic analysis

High-throughput separations are intrinsic to the detection and analysis of peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). Together, efficient separation and MS can lead to the identification of thousands of proteins in a sample, cell or tissue and help build proteome maps that can be used to define a cell type or cellular state. Although 2D gels have been successfully used to separate proteins for subsequent MS analysis, alternative separation efficiencies and, consequently deeper results could be obtained with HPLC or other separation techniques that improve throughput. This highlight is aimed toward plant scientists who have special separation needs due to the nature of plant cells and who could benefit from knowing options and requirements for adopting alternative separation protocols. Through the various sample processing and protein separation strategies, plant biologists should be able to improve the quality of their proteomic reference maps and gain new information about the proteins that define plant cells.
PROVIDING TOTAL NOAA SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT TO THE USCG FOR REMOTE OIL SPILL LOCATIONS – THE M/V SELENDANG AYUINCIDENT IN ALASKA

ABSTRACT The NOAA Emergency Response Division (ERD aka Hazmat) provides a complete set of scientific assistance and support to the U.S. Coast Guard in response to an offshore oil spill. Historically NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) has provided the operational weather support component for ERD in the form of forecasts and observations. The dearth of conventional weather data in remote locations provide unique challenges for providing weather support for Hazmat events in locations such as the Aleutian Island Chain of Alaska. Weather support for Hazmat events in Alaska are further complicated during the storm season from October through March due to the frequency and intensity of storms in Alaska combined with the vast distances to reach the scene. Such was the case when the M/V Selendang Ayu grounded on Unalaska Island in the Aleutian Islands, 800 miles southwest of Anchorage, within the AOR of NWS Weather Forecast Office Anchorage. Unalaska Island has a handful of permanent observational platforms, all...
Vasopressin-stimulated Ca2+ spiking in vascular smooth muscle cells involves phospholipase D

Physiological concentrations of [Arg8]vasopressin (AVP; 10–500 pM) stimulate oscillations of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ spikes) in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. We previously repo...