cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UV light and vertical distribution of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica Pinhey

Abstract Of the many hypotheses put forth to explain the possible adaptive value of daytime residence in subsurface waters and diel vertical migration behavior of Zooplankton, avoidance of potentially harmful UV radiation has only recently been proposed. We undertook a manipulative field experiment to test the effect of UV-B (290–315 nm) solar radiation on the daytime vertical distribution of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica Pinhey. Since no statistically significant difference in the daytime depth distributions of adult A. hudsonica in control and UV-B-filtered treatments was found, we conclude that some other factor(s) must determine the daytime vertical distribution of this copepod.
Transient visual blurring, retro-orbital pain and repetitive involuntary movements in unilateral carotid artery occlusion

An 83-year-old man presented with episodes of right sided retro-orbital pain, visual disturbance, involuntary jerks of his left arm and less frequently his left leg. The symptoms could be triggered by exercise, heat or cough. EEG recordings revealed no epileptic discharges. Duplex ultrasonography showed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. Blood flow velocity in the right middle cerebral artery was reduced and vasomotor reactivity to hypercapnia was absent. Reduction of his antihypertensive medication rendered the patient asymptomatic. The combination of transient visual blurring, retro-orbital pain and contralateral limb shaking can be an unusual manifestation of carotid occlusive disease. In such a case, the symptoms may be managed successfully by the elevation of blood pressure.
The Effects of Measurement Frequency and Timing on Anxiety Sensitivity Scores

Mere repeated administration of anxiety sensitivity (AS) measures (i.e., fear of anxiety-related sensations) leads to predictably lower scores, and this effect cannot be attributed to regression to the mean or the indirect provision of anxiety related information. The purpose of this study was to determine whether (a) the number of times an anxiety sensitivity measure is administered within a 2 week time period, and (b) the elapsed time between the initial and subsequent administrations influence mean reductions in anxiety sensitivity scores and test–retest correlations. Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to complete a self-report measure of anxiety sensitivity (the Anxiety Sensitivity Index—Revised; ASI-R) two, four, or eight times over a 2-week period. Results indicated that ASI-R total scores declined from the first administration to the second administration only. The time elapsed between the first and second administrations ranged from 1 day to 2 weeks. However, the elapsed time between the first and second administrations did not moderate the observed decline in scores. In addition, examination of test–retest correlations provided qualified evidence that the reliability of the measure changes with repeated exposure to the ASI-R. Implications for the valid assessment of AS are discussed.
Focal expression of A-CAM on pillar cells during formation of Corti's tunnel in gerbil cochlea.

Background The organ of Corti in the mammalian cochlea develops from a simple epithelium into a complex structure consisting of as many as ten highly specialized cell types. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possible role of a cell adhesion specific molecule (A-CAM) in mediating morphogenesis of the organ of Corti. Method The expression of A-CAM was studied in a series of inner ears collected from neonatal gerbils at two days intervals from 0 to twenty days after birth. Immunostaining was performed with a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against A-CAM isolated from chicken cardiac muscle. Results The adhesion molecule appeared just prior to opening of the tunnel of Corti and disappeared after full expansion of tunnel space. A-CAM was detected in the basal turn of the cochlea as early as two days after birth and its expression moved progressively toward the apex of the cochlear spiral. It was observed in all three cochlear turns at eight days after birth but disappeared after postnatal day twelve. Immunostaining for A-CAM was localized only to the region where inner and outer pillar cells separate to form the tunnel of Corti. Conclusions A-CAM apparently plays a role in the formation of the tunnel space by modulating apical adhesion above the separation between inner and outer pillar cells.
THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

The International Regulation of Intellectual Property. — The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) will usher in a markedly stronger global system of defining and protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs). This paper first discusses the concept of intellectual property and the need for its protection and regulation. It presents evidence on the wide variations in IPRs across countries and discusses how TRIPS will affect these differences. Theoretical predictions about how this stronger system will influence global trade, investment, and technology innovation and diffusion are ambiguous, but limited empirical evidence suggests a modest positive effect overall. However, the distribution of costs and benefits will vary.
Adult Learners: Why They Are Important to the 21st Century College or University.

(2003). Adult Learners: Why They Are Important to the 21st Century College or University. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 18-26.
The Force of Achilles in the Iliad

By modification of Simone Weil's portrayal of force in the Iliad as violence that reduces its conveyer and its recipient to objects, Achilles is the incarnation of the polyvalent meaning of force developed from violence to heroic virtue. Whereas Achilles is first introduced as the epitome of destructive might, it is through his self-imprisonment in his tent that he realizes that his true force is much more than that simple martial dominance over another. While Achilles is absent from the battlefield, force is viewed as the potential of the wrath of the Greek leader and a parenthetic hiatus in time because the narrative awaits the return of the Greek leader to war. During this hiatus, time is measured narratologically through the absence of leadership among the Greeks and the dominance of Hector and the Trojans through their violent force. Meanwhile, for Achilles, force becomes a moral virtue with friendship as a stake in the war through his combined losses of Briseis to Agamemnon and Patroclos to the Trojans. The reactions of Achilles to these losses lead him to abandon his self-imprisonment and to return to the community of the Greeks. His compassion toward Priam, the father of his enemy, opens Achilles toward an ethical view of force as a heroic virtue and the reader toward a new dimension of time within the narrative. The future thus becomes part of the caring force of Achilles as he transcends the ending of the narrative with the burial of Hector toward an apotheosis of the heroism of virtuous force.
The transient nature of executive control processes in younger and older adults

In this paper I review data from recent studies supporting the hypothesis that executive control processes fluctuate in efficiency over time and that these fluctuations are more pervasive in older than younger adults. Patterns of response accuracy in tasks requiring selective attention and prospective memory reveal that lapses of intention are often preceded and followed by periods of goal-directed action. Analysis of response time distributions reveals that increased performance variability in older adults for task conditions requiring executive control results from an increase in the degree of positive skewing of the distribution. Together, these findings lead to the suggestion that disruptions of executive control processes supporting performance in demanding tasks are temporally limited in nature. Data from recent neurophysiological studies indicates a possible role of the prefrontal cortex in maintaining optimal levels of executive control.
Global point signature for shape analysis of carpal bones.

We present a method based on spectral theory for the shape analysis of carpal bones of the human wrist. We represent the cortical surface of the carpal bone in a coordinate system based on the eigensystem of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. We employ a metric—global point signature (GPS)—that exploits the scale and isometric invariance of eigenfunctions to quantify overall bone shape. We use a fast finite-element-method to compute the GPS metric. We capitalize upon the properties of GPS representation—such as stability, a standard Euclidean (l2) metric definition, and invariance to scaling, translation and rotation—to perform shape analysis of the carpal bones of ten women and ten men from a publicly-available database. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed GPS representation to provide a means for comparing shapes of the carpal bones across populations.
Thinking parametric design: introducing parametric Gaudi

Abstract This paper presents an innovative methodology for parametric design called Design Procedures (DP) and shows how it is applied to the columns of the Expiatory Temple of the Sagrada Familia. Design Procedures are actions that generate parametric models where geometrical components are consider as variables. A brief introduction on parametric design is followed by illustrated explanations of the traditional forms of parametric models. Design Procedures is presented as an alternative to overcome the topological and geometrical limitations of traditional parametric models. The DP is able to generate all original designs by Gaudi plus an infinite number of new designs.
Price as a quality cue in industrial buying

Given the uneven nature of research findings in the price-quality literature, it appears that generalization from consumer research to the industrial sector is questionable. Thus the present research was undertaken to examine the attribution of quality by industrial purchasers based on extrinsic cues such as price. The results of this study suggest that while extrinsic cues may play a role in the assessment of quality by industrial purchasers, there is no evidence that price is such a cue.
THE ERGATIVE CONSTRUCTION AS ONE POSSIBILITY FOR PATIENT ACTUALIZATION

A general semantic relation is the orientation to patient for transitive verb objects, and to agent for intransitive verb subjects, e. g. if we have the general meaning of ‘moving’ (intransitive semantics), and the subject is a man, the verb will be goes; for the subject a bird, the verb becomes flies, and so on. When, however, the general meaning is intransitive (e. g. ‘creating’), the patient (and not the agent) influences the lexical form of the verb: a letterto write, a pictureto draw, a houseto build, etc.
Towards giga-pixel microscopy

We report a wide field-of-view (FOV) microscopy imaging system that is capable to capture a 10 mm ∗ 7.5 mm FOV image with submicron resolution, resulting in 0.54 giga-pixels across the entire image.
Higher-than-expected prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts in children with hemoglobin SC disease.

To the editor: Individuals with hemoglobin (Hb) SC disease have fewer vaso-occlusive events and greater life expectancy than those with Hb SS, and they have been excluded from most interventional clinical trials. Although the 10% prevalence of overt stroke and >35% prevalence of silent cerebral
Lateral parabrachial nucleus lesions in the rat: long- and short-duration gustatory preference tests

The present study reports two experiments that evaluated the influence of bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the viscerosensory neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) on intake of four prototypical taste stimuli (sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride). In the 24-h, two-bottle tests of Experiment 1, rats with lesions of the LPBN were severely impaired in their concentration-dependent consumption of sucrose, displayed a mild disturbance of sodium chloride intake, and drank normal amounts of citric acid and quinine hydrochloride. These lesion-induced deficits were less pronounced when assessed with the 15-min, 1-bottle tests of Experiment 2. The results suggest that destruction of the viscerosensory neurons within the LPBN disrupt the processing of gastrointestinal feedback.
Binomial Option Pricing Under Stochastic Volatility and Correlated State Variables

Univariate procedures for valuing contingent payoffs for a non-constant volatility process via a recombining tree were developed by Nelson and Ramaswamy (RFS, 1990). Their results have been extended to the bivariate case for a subset of diffusions by, among others, Kishimoto (JF, 1989), Boyle, Evnine and Gibbs (RFS, 1989), and Hull and White (JFQA,1990). The case of correlated diffusions with constant correlations has also been addressed by Hull and White (JFQA,1990), Amin (JFQA,1991) and Wei(JFEng, 1993). This paper investigates the case where the diffusion volatility includes the state variable from a second diffusion. The direct application of the technology provides a way to price, for example, derivatives based on processes with stochastic volatility via a simple recombining binomial tree with a set of four joint, but possibly non-independent probabilities.
A probabilistic framework for weather-based rerouting and delay estimations within an Airspace Planning model

In this paper, we develop a novel severe weather-modeling paradigm to be applied within the context of a large-scale Airspace Planning and collaborative decision-making model in order to reroute flights with respect to a specified probability threshold of encountering severe weather, subject to collision safety, airline equity, and sector workload considerations. This approach serves as an alternative to the current practice adopted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of adjusting flight routes in accordance with the guidelines specified in the National Playbook. Our innovative contributions in this paper include (a) the concept of "Probability-Nets" and the development of discretized representations of various weather phenomena that affect aviation operations; (b) the integration of readily accessible severe weather probabilities from existing weather forecast data provided by the National Weather Service; (c) the generation of flight plans that circumvent severe weather phenomena with specified probability threshold levels, and (d) a probabilistic delay assessment methodology for evaluating planned flight routes that might encounter potentially disruptive weather along its trajectory. Additionally, we conduct an economic benefit analysis using a k-means clustering mechanism in concert with our delay assessment methodology in order to evaluate delay costs and system disruptions associated with variations in probability-net refinement-based information. Computational results and insights are presented based on flight test cases derived from the Enhanced Traffic Management System data provided by the FAA and using weather scenarios derived from the Model Output Statistics forecast data provided by the National Weather Service.
Toward a Classification of Conformal Field Theories

In order to make some sense out of the jungle of conformal field theories that have been discovered from string theory, physicists have tried to classify these vacuums using various techniques, with varying degrees of success. At present, no comprehensive classification scheme exists that gives us insight into the structure of these vacuums. In fact, it is still largely a mystery why conformal field theories behave as they do. There has been some progress in understanding conformal field theories with finite numbers of primary fields, but there is almost no real understanding of conformal field theories with infinite numbers of primary fields. If a convenient and powerful classification scheme could be devised, then it may be possible to see nontrivial relationships between different conformal field theories, which in turn may help us to understand which, if any, of these conformal field theories have a physical application.
Thrombocytopenia: an update

Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem with numerous potential causes including decreased bone marrow platelet production, increased peripheral platelet destruction, increased splenic sequestration, and dilution. Investigation of the etiology of thrombocytopenia requires careful consideration of clinical history and laboratory features. A complete blood count and peripheral smear review are essential components of the diagnostic work-up, and physicians should be knowledgeable about appropriate selection and interpretation of more specialized tests, including bone marrow examination, to assist with diagnosis. This review article aims to summarize and address appropriate work-up of the major and/or life-threatening causes of thrombocytopenia and some of the better-characterized congenital thrombocytopenias.
Representation of time in time-place learning

Ordinal, interval, and circadian mechanisms of solving a time-place task were tested. Rats searched for food twice in the morning and once in the afternoon (Group AB-C,n=5) or once in the morning and twice in the afternoon (Group A-BC,n=5) in a box with four food troughs. The location of the food depended on the time of day in a 12:12-h light:dark cycle. Acquisition was documented by foodsite inspections at the correct locations prior to food availability. On nonrewarded probes, the time of the middle search (B) was shifted late (for Group AB-C) or early (for Group A-BC). The rats visited Location B at chance, contrary to an ordinal mechanism. When the posttesting meal and light-dark transitions were omitted, the rats visited correct locations with impaired performance but at abovechance levels on nonrewarded probes. The results are consistent with interval and circadian representations of time.
A Probabilistic Strength Distribution Model in Predicting Damage Evolution due to Thermo-Oxidation of Polymeric Matrix Composites

Thermal oxidation growth and damage evolution are highly coupled as oxidative reactions produce thermal stress and weaker materials leading to crack growth, which in turn accelerates the penetration of oxide layers deeper into the structure. Oxygen diffusion-reaction model can predict the time-dependent oxidation state and evolution of oxide layers in unidirectional composites. With given oxidation state and presumed initial cracks, extend finite element method (XFEM) can be used to calculate the damage evolution due to oxidation-induced stress in the composites. These two models run iteratively to predict the oxidation degradation of polymer composites serving at high temperature.A probabilistic strength distribution model is formulated in this research to represent the scatter of mechanical properties of composite materials and initiate discrete cracks with Hashin failure criteria. With initiated discrete cracks, damage evolution due to high-temperature thermal oxidation can be calculated. The oxidation growth and damage evolution predicted correlate well with experimental observations. The probabilistic strength distribution model enables crack initiation and damage evolution prediction of use-life and durability of composites structures operating at high temperatures.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A MECHANISM FOR CONTROLLED CONTINUOUS FLOW OF NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS

The apparatus for continuously renewing nutrient solutions described in this paper is a modification of Shive's device.2 It is essentially a closed system, difficult for dirt to enter, and has a minimum of free surfaces from which evaporation may occur to concentrate the nutrients. "While Shive's apparatus has a capacity of 2 or 3 liters and requires daily refilling with consequent disturbing of the siphons, the present device holds at least 38 liters and the reserve nutrient may be renewed repeatedly without upsetting the rate of flow. It is practically self starting, more compact and more rugged than other devices, and is suitable for use in exposed places and in the field.
Impact of end-user decisions on pricing in wireless networks under a multiple-user-single-provider setting

We consider the impact of end-user decision-making on pricing of wireless resources when there is uncertainty in the Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees offered by the Service Provider (SP). Specifically, we consider the scenario where an SP tries to sell wireless broadband services to multiple potential customers when the advertised transmission rate cannot be fully guaranteed at all times. Modeling the decision-making of the end-users using Prospect Theory (a Nobel-Prize-winning theory that captures human decision-making and its deviation from Expected Utility Theory (EUT)), we formulate a game to study the interplay between the price offerings, bandwidth allocation by the SP and the service choices made by end-users. We characterize the Nash Equilibria (NE) of the underlying game and study the impact of such decision-making on the system performance as well as revenue. We propose “prospect pricing,” a pricing mechanism that can make the system robust to decision-making that deviates from EUT.
Performance and spectroscopic characterization of irradiated Nd:YAG

The performance of longitudinally pumped Nd:YAG was evaluated before and after exposure to 60Co gamma radiation. For comparison, other Nd-doped materials, Cr:GSGG and YLF, were also included in this study. The cw unirradiated optical-to-optical slope efficiencies for Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF were 63% and degraded to 48% and 36%, respectively, after 600 kRads of irradiation. Nd:Cr:GSGG performed significantly worse, exhibiting a slope efficiency of 42%, but was not affected by irradiation (a result that is in agreement with previous reports). Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the Nd:YAG samples indicated that there was no modification of the Nd3+ sites resulting from exposure to the radiation. It is concluded from the performance and spectroscopic analysis that the degradation in Nd:YAG is primarily due to an induced passive optical loss of approximately 0.02 cm-1. Furthermore, this effect was observed to saturate at exposure levels of 50 kRad. The relatively low induced loss indicates that Nd:YAG systems employing pulsed diode pumping in the longitudinal configuration, should be resistant to ambient space environment radiation damage. This point was experimentally verified with respect to the effect of gamma rays on performance.
Purification and properties of an endoglucanase isolated from the cell walls of Zea mays seedlings

Abstract An endoglucanase liberated from Zea mays seedling cell-walls by LiCl was purified by using SP-Sephadex, CM-Sephadex, and gel filtration, resulting in a 98-fold increase in specific activity. It has a pH optimum of 4.5–5.0 and is heat stable up to 40–45°. Compounds that interact with sulfhydryl groups did not inhibit the activity of the enzyme, nor did EDTA, suggesting that the enzyme does not require free sulfhydryl groups or metal ions for activity. The endoglucanase has an apparent molecular weight of 20–25,000 and an isoelectric point of ⩾9. Hydrolytic activity against (1»3),(1»4)-β- d -glucans is restricted to isolated sites, with the release of high-molecular-weight products (10–15,000). Action on isolated, inactivated Zea cell-walls caused the release of approximately the same products as observed when the enzyme was incubated with soluble (1→3), (1→4)-β- d -glucans.
Uric Acid Quantities in the Fat Body of Normal and Aposymbiotic German Cockroaches, Blattella germanica

Uric acid was measured in fat body of several age groups of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Fat body was dissected from insects and dried to constant weight; uric acid was measured on a percentage dry weight basis using an enzyme-specific assay with uricase. Aposymbiotic last stage nymphs contained about twice as much uric acid as normal nymphs (means of 48 and 23%, respectively). Uric acid increased with high significance in normal nymphs during the last stage. There was a marginally significant increase (mean of 54%) with age in aposymbiotic adult females, while normal adult females showed a highly significant increase and much greater variation (between 18 and 87%) than the other groups tested. Both adult normal and adult aposymbiotic males showed increases in uric acid with age in asymptotic fashion, approaching mean maximum values of about 72 and 81%, respectively.
Effect of strain and strain rate on fatigue‐accelerated biodegradation of polyurethane

A diaphragm-type film specimen was used to study in vitro degradation of poly(etherurethane urea) (PEUU) under conditions of dynamic loading. This geometry allowed both uniaxial and biaxial loading in a single experiment. During testing, the film was exposed to a H2O2/CoCl2 solution that simulated in vivo oxidation of PEUU. The combination of dynamic loading and biaxial tensile strain accelerated oxidative degradation. The effects of biaxial strain magnitude and strain rate were examined separately by increasing the frequency of fatigue loading from 0 to 1 Hz with constant maximum biaxial strain and by changing the maximum biaxial strain while maintaining constant strain rate. In the ranges of biaxial strain energy (0.17 to 0.55 MPa) and strain rate (0 to 46% s−1) tested, the rate of degradation increased with increasing strain rate whereas strain magnitude had essentially no effect on degradation rate. Although loading conditions affected the rate of oxidative degradation, ATR-FTIR analysis suggested that in all cases the mechanism of degradation did not change. Chemical degradation produced a brittle crosslinked surface layer marked by dimpling and pitting, as observed with scanning electron microscopy. Pits served as stress concentrators and initiated environmental stress cracks under dynamic loading but not under static (creep) loading. Small pits were sufficient to initiate cracks at higher strain rates whereas only large pits initiated cracks at lower strain rates. Consequently, a higher strain rate produced more profuse cracking. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 463–475, 2003
Parents’ Perceptions of Water Safety and Quality

Every day parents make choices about the source of water their families consume. There are many contributing factors which could affect decisions about water consumption including taste, smell, color, safety, cost, and convenience. However, few studies have investigated what parents with young children think about water quality and safety in the US and how this affects the choices they are making. This study aimed to describe the perceptions of parents with regard to water quality and safety and to compare bottled water and tap water use, as well as to examine motivation for water choices. We conducted an online questionnaire to survey parents living in Pennsylvania about water quality and safety, and preference for bottled versus tap water. Parents were recruited through child care centers, and 143 surveys were returned. The survey results showed high overall scores for perception of tap water quality and safety, and a preference for tap water over bottled water. We found that parents were concerned for the environmental impact that buying bottled water may have but were also concerned about potential contamination of tap water by natural gas drilling processes and nuclear power plants. These findings regarding parental concerns are critical to inform pediatric health care providers, water sellers, and suppliers in order that they may provide parents with the necessary information to make educated choices for their families.
The continuity of the limiting distribution of a function of two additive functions

for all continuity points x of F(x). An arithmetical function f(n)[g(n)] is called additive [multiplicative] i f f (nm) = f ( n ) +f(m)[g (nm) = 9(n)g(m)] for all coprime n and m. An additive [multiplicative] functionf(n) [g(n)] is called strongly additive [multiplicative] if f ( p k) = f ( p ) [ 9 ( p k) = g(P)] for all primes p and all integers k > l . Let f (n) be a real valued additive and g(n) > 0 be a real valued multiplicative function. Assume that both f (n) and o(n) have asymptotic distributions and that one of these distributions is continuous. In a recent paper, Fein and Shapiro (1987) proved thatf(n) + 9(n) has a continuous asymptotic distribution. Now, if we write fz(n) = logg(n), then f2(n) clearly is additive and thus, with H(u, v) = u + e v and f l (n) = f ( n ) , f ( n ) + g(n) = H ( f l ( n ), f2(n)), so one is led to the study of the arithmetical functions h (n) = H ( f 1 (n),fz (n)), (2)
Nonnative Phragmites australis Invasion into Utah Wetlands

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed), already one of the world's most widespread plant species, has realized rapid range expansion in coastal wetlands of North America in the past century, but little is known about P. australis range expansion in inland wetland systems. We used genetic analyses, aerial photographs, field surveys, and a greenhouse experiment to study the extent and mechanism of nonnative P. australis invasion of Utah wet- lands. We collected and genetically analyzed 39 herbarium samples across the state and 225 present-day samples from northern Utah's major wetland complexes. All samples collected before 1993 and all samples collected outside the major wetlands of northern Utah, including some as recent as 2001, were identified as native (haplotypes A, B, D, and H). Only 10 (4%) of the present-day samples were native, each from small, discrete, low-density stands; the remaining sam- ples were nonnative (haplotype M). Our earliest nonnative sample was collected near the Great Salt Lake in 1993. Around the Great Salt Lake, which contains 40% of Utah's wetlands, P. australis cover has increased from 20% to 56% over the past 27 years—an increase that appears attributable to the nonnative strain. In a 3-month-long greenhouse experiment, the nonnative haplotype grew taller, had more aboveground biomass, and had a greater above- to below- ground biomass ratio than the native haplotypes regardless of nitrogen, phosphorus, or water availability. Nonnative P. australis is rapidly invading the wetlands of northern Utah. Areas in Utah where the native P. australis remains should be identified and protected.
Standardized sequence for carving and finishing amalgam restorations

This method of amalgam carving and finishing, described in a step-by-step sequence, is fast and effective. The initial step of using the acorn burnisher eliminates the great bulk of excess amalgam and contours the restoration. A simple armamentarium is all that is required for carving, burnishing, and polishing. A general scheme for reestablishing original or ideal occlusal morphology has been discussed, emphasizing distinct triangular and marginal ridges and convex contour. Attention was focused on the prevention of ditching at the cavosurface margin, thus ensuring full benefit of the improved physical properties of silver amalgam.
The Trials of Telemachus: Who Was the Odyssey Meant For?

A consideration of Telemachus's role in the Odyssey can start with a modern poem: Linda Pastan's "The Son," first published in 1988 as part of a seven-poem sequence entitled "Re-Reading the Odyssey in Middle Age." Because Pastan's poem presents itself as a response to reading the Odyssey, the possible affinities between what a modern poet does in retelling a story found in an ancient text and what a modern critic does in interpreting or "reading" an ancient text are particularly close to the surface here. Pastan's record of her experience as a reader is also a telling account of the interpretive challenges posed by Homer's presentation of Telemachus. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Classics This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/78 Trials of Telemachus: Who Was the Odyssey Meant For? 133
Developments in coating thickness measurement instrumentation

Since the 1974 oil crisis and the subsequent escalation of organic finishing materials, there has been a considerable change in the attitude towards investment in measurement/control instrumentation. From the supplier of coated products point of view there is the realisation that the investment is more quickly recovered, with the bonus of a better and more reproducible product which is easily cost controlled. The purchaser of coated products can now be confident that he/she is receiving the product which has been paid for by the receipt of a hard copy record of the results and results evaluation.
Development of a live oral attaching and effacing Escherichia coli vaccine candidate using Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR as antigen vector

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) share the ability to induce pedestal formation and intimate adherence of the bacteria to the intestinal epithelial cell and effacement of microvilli of epithelial tissue. The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island encodes the ability to induce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and contains the gene eae, which encodes intimin, an outer membrane protein that is an adhesin for A/E lesion formation. Here we show the utility of using intimin as a vaccine to protect rabbits from challenge with rabbit Enteropathogenic E. coli (REPEC), a member of the AEEC family. The C-terminal portion of intimin was delivered by the attenuated Vibrio cholerae vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR. To export intimin, a fusion was engineered with ClyA, a secreted protein from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. After immunization, antibodies specific to intimin from serum and bile samples were detected and moderate protection against challenge with a virulent REPEC strain was observed. Compared to animals immunized with vector alone, intimin-immunized rabbits exhibited reduced fecal bacterial shedding, milder diarrheal symptoms, lower weight loss, and reduced colonization of REPEC in the cecum. V. cholerae CVD 103-HgR shows promise as a vector to deliver antigens and confer protection against AEEC pathogens.
A validated pediatric transport survey: how is your team performing?

Abstract Introduction Understanding referring practitioners' satisfaction with pediatric transport services is useful for quality improvement. Formal survey methodology was applied to develop a pediatric transport satisfaction survey. Setting Large metropolitan area in the Southwestern United States. Methods A four-stage process was used to create a 20-item pediatric transport satisfaction survey. The final survey was analyzed for test-retest and internal consistency reliability, and surveys were mailed to a large practitioner base. Results The survey encompassed three domains: patient care, accessing the transport system, and communication. Test-retest and internal consistency reliability were good (final Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.88.) Of the 229 providers responding, 69% were local ( 60 miles). Respondents reported that physicians selected the transport team in 82% of cases, whereas 9% reported that the charge nurse decided. Transport team selection was based on: (1) ease of initiation, (2) fastest arrival, (3) presence of a physician on the team, (4) stabilization time at the referring facility, and (5) team providing best follow-up. Satisfaction with our transport service was high, with a median survey score of 83 (interquartile [IQ] range, 74–92). Physicians and nurses reported equal satisfaction. Conclusion Survey design methodology was successfully applied to assess satisfaction with pediatric transport. This transport survey offers a reliable measurement of providers' satisfaction with transport services.
Fusion and nonfusion processes in reactions induced by 10--100-MeV /sup 6/Li ions with Fe targets

Excitation functions and projected recoil ranges for radioactive nuclei produced in the /sup 6/Li bombardment of /sup 54/Fe an /sup 56/Fe targets over 10 to 100 MeV energy range have been measured using the activation technique. At 55 and 85 MeV differential ranges have also been measured for the /sup 56/Fe target. Using the in-beam gamma-ray technique production cross sections for many residual nuclei were measured for the /sup 6/Li + /sup 56/Fe system for a /sup 6/Li energy range of 55 to 94 MeV. Close to 90% of the optical model reaction cross section is observed over the entire energy range. About 80% of the observed cross section corresponds to statistical evaporation of the compound nucleus. Above about 30 MeV /sup 6/Li energy /sup 56/Fe(/sup 6/Li,..cap alpha..)/sup 58/Co* transfer process can explain the observed behavior of recoil ranges. It contributes about 300 mb to the production of various nuclei reached through evaporation decay of /sup 58/Co*. Pre-equilibrium nucleon emission appears to be noticeable above 60 MeV and contributes 100 mb to the production process at 80 MeV. A reasonable account of the observed cross section for various product nuclei is given by the predictions of the fusion-evaporation model. Inmore » its fusion characteristics /sup 6/Li projectile appears to behave very much like other light heavy ions.« less
Anterior mediastinal extension of primary chest wall infections: role of spiral CT in detection and management.

The purpose of this review was to define the role of spiral CT in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with mediastinal infections resulting from extension of anterior chest wall infec...
Radiation-induced precipitation at the alloy surface during ion bombardment

Abstract A kinetic approach to model radiation-induced formation of a precipitate layer on the surface of a binary alloy during ion bombardment is described. Sample calculations were performed for the case of Ni3Si coating on a NiSi alloy surface. The strong coupling between Si atoms and radiation-generated defect fluxes causes a significant Si enrichment at the surface, which gives rise to the formation of a precipitate layer when it exceeds the Si solubility limit. The stability of this layer depends on the competition between the rates of precipitation and sputtering. Both the receding surface and the moving precipitate/matrix interface were accounted for by means of a mathematical scheme of boundary immobilization. The dependences of the precipitation kinetics and the development of solute concentration profiles in the alloy matrix on bombardment temperature, ion flux and alloy composition were examined.
Cultural measures associated with sexual risk behaviors among Latino youth in Southern California: a longitudinal study.

CONTEXT Cultural variables have been associated with sexual risk behaviors among Latino youth, but findings across studies are inconsistent. METHODS A longitudinal study of acculturation patterns followed Latino youth in Southern California from 2005 to 2012. Data from 995 participants were used in logistic and ordered regression analyses to test whether cultural variables measured in high school were associated with sexual risk behaviors in emerging adulthood, and whether gender moderated these associations. RESULTS The cultural value of respect for parents was negatively associated with participants’ odds of reporting an earlier age at sexual debut (odds ratio, 0.8) and condom nonuse at most recent sexual intercourse (0.8). A measure of acculturation reflecting U.S. cultural practices was positively associated with the likelihood of being sexually experienced (1.2), having concurrent sexual partners (1.5) and, among males only, having a greater number of sexual partners (1.3). Second- and later-generation immigrant youth had lower odds of not using a condom at most recent sexual intercourse than first-generation youth (0.6 and 0.5, respectively). Strength of endorsement of Latino cultural practices was negatively associated with females’ lifetime number of partners (0.8), but positively associated with males’ (1.4). CONCLUSIONS The cultural measures associated with Latino youths’ sexual behaviors differed across outcomes and by gender. Further understanding of these associations and their underlying mechanisms may help inform the development of culturally sensitive sexual health interventions.
Adeno-associated viral delivery of a metabolically regulated insulin transgene to hepatocytes

Abstract Transduction with a liver specific, metabolically responsive insulin transgene produces near-normal blood sugars in STZ-diabetic rats. To overcome the limited duration of hepatic transgene expression induced by E1A-deleted adenoviral vectors, we evaluated recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV2) for cell type specificity and glucose responsiveness in vitro . Co-infection of AAV2 containing the glucose responsive, liver-specific (GlRE) 3 BP-1 promoter with an empty adenovirus enhanced transduction efficiency, and shortened the duration of transgene expression in HepG2 hepatoma cells, but not primary hepatocytes. However, in the context of rAAV2, (GlRE) 3 BP-1 promoter activity remained confined to cells of hepatocyte lineage, and retained glucose responsiveness. While isolated infection with an insulin expressing rAAV2 failed to attenuate blood sugars in diabetic mice, adenoviral co-administration with the same rAAV2 induced transient, near-normal random blood sugars in a diabetic animal. We conclude that rAAV2 can induce metabolically responsive insulin secretion from hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo . However, alternative AAV serotypes will likely be required to efficiently deliver therapeutic genes to the liver for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Pattern-Integrated Interference Lithography for 2D and 3D Photonic Crystals

Pattern-Integrated Interference Lithography (PIIL) couples interference lithography and imaging lithography to produce periodic microstructures with integrated functional elements in a single-exposure step. In this work, 2D-PIIL is reviewed and 3D-PIIL is simulated.
The use of nuclear morphometry to predict prognosis in pediatric urologic malignancies: A review

Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric urologic malignancy, and genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood, respresent two of the most commonly diagnosed pediatric urologic malignancies. The introduction and use of multimodal therapy (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy) by the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) and the Inter-group Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) groups have greatly improved the survival among children with these malignancies. Present survival rates for Wilms tumor exceed 85% and for rhabdomyosarcoma survival rates are approaching 80% as well. For Wilms tumor, current treatment trends suggest less intense therapy for those children with favorable histology tumors who are considered at relatively low risk for tumor recurrence. Likewise, the significant morbidity associated with the present therapy regimens for rhabdomyosarcomas has prompted investigators to search for individualized management schemes for children with a high probability of responding. The need for accurate criteria to separate these high and low risk groups becomes imperative. In this review we present our work using nuclear morphometry, as a prognostic indicator, to retrospectively predict response to therapy for children with Wilms tumors and genitourinary rhabdomyosarcomas. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Beitrag zur Entwicklung des Indumentes auf dem Fruchtknoten von Glaucium flavum Crantz (Papaveraceae)

Die Struktur und Entwicklung des Indumentes auf dem Fruchtknoten von G. flavum wird dargestellt und die Klassifikation als Hautwarze begrundet. The structure and the development of indumentum on the ovary of G. flavum are presented and the classification as wart is based.
Absence of interaction between nitrogen mustard and visible radiation in mutation induction in Neurospora crassa

Abstract Conidia of the purple-adenineless mutant of Neurospora crassa (38701) were exposed to red or to far red light after exposure to nitrogen mustard or to far red light preceding treatment with nitrogen mustard. No significant alterations in survival, the induction of mutants expressed by abnormal colony formation, or reversions to adenine prototrophy could be ascribed to the visible radiations.
Particulate and dissolved 210Pb activities in the shelf and slope regions of the Gulf of Mexico waters

Abstract Concentration profiles of dissolved and particulate 210 Pb were measured on horizontal transects of the continental shelf and slope regions of the Gulf of Mexico. Vertical profiles in the slope station in the presence and absence of warm-core ring enable us to evaluate the differences in the scavenging intensity of 210 Pb. A comparison of the rate of production of 210 Pb in the overlying water column to that of its mean annual flux calculated from the sediment inventory allows us to get a better insight in to the lateral transport and deposition of 210 Pb to the slope sediments over a Our results indicate that there is no general increase of dissolved or particulate 210 Pb concentration with depth. The scavenging residence time of 210 Pb for the entire 1500-m water column varied between 0.06 and 4.7 years. There was a strong correlation between the inventory of total (dissolved+particulate) 210 Pb and depth of the water column. The ratio of measured sediment inventory (F) of 210 Pb to its production (P) in the overlying water column varied between 0.69 and 1.63, suggesting that, at time, lateral inputs from boundary scavenging in a few sites are dominant, while in other places, vertical scavenging is the primary mechanism of transport for 210 Pb.
Stability of Colletotrichum truncatum in culture influences mycoherbicide efficacy

Colletotrichum truncatum, a potential myco- herbicide for control of hemp sesbania, formed spon- taneous variants on agar medium. The predominant variant produced more spores than the wild type on potato dextrose agar but the wild type produced more spores on Czapek-Dox agar. Spore yield of both types was greatly reduced on Czapek-Dox. In liquid culture, the variant spontaneously arose and gradually dis- placed the wild type. Although the variant produced more spores in liquid culture, it had reduced viru- lence. Displacement of wild type strains by similar var? iants in liquid fermentation may constrain production of this mycoherbicide and should be considered dur? ing the preparation of C. truncatum inocula.
Primary care behavioral health: ethical issues in military settings

The rapid expansion of integrated behavioral health care in primary care medical settings introduces a number of ethical challenges faced by teams of health professionals from different disciplines. As military health care settings have increasingly implemented primary care behavioral health models of service delivery, distinct ethical dilemmas have emerged. This article examines two of these ethical issues, competence and multiple relationships, through presentation of clinical scenarios in military integrated primary care settings. Relevant professional ethical guidelines for psychologists, social workers, and physicians are examined. Recommendations for the ethical practice of primary care behavioral health, as well as suggestions for future development of professional ethical guidelines, are discussed.
On the absence of infinite AB percolation clusters in bipartite graphs

The authors give a rigorous proof that infinite AB percolation does not occur for any parameter value in a certain class of bipartite planar graphs. In particular, infinite AB percolation cannot occur on the square lattice.