cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Spermidine and Nucleic Acids to Growth in Lactobacillus casei and Escherichia coli

SummaryL. casei and E. coli, growing in spermidine-free medium, synthesize considerable spermidine during the early phases of the growth cycle. As the cultures grow older the spermidine concentration in the cells falls again. In E. coli, the changes in spermidine concentration are parallel to changes in RNA concentration.
Real-time remote rendering of 3D video for mobile devices

At the convergence of computer vision, graphics, and multimedia, the emerging 3D video technology promises immersive experiences in a truly seamless environment. However, the requirements of huge network bandwidth and computing resources make it still a big challenge to render 3D video on mobile devices at real-time. In this paper, we present how remote rendering framework can be used to solve the problem. The differences between dynamic 3D video and static graphic models are analyzed. A general proxy-based framework is presented to render 3D video streams on the proxy and transmit the rendered scene to mobile devices over a wireless network. An image-based approach is proposed to enhance 3D interactivity and reduce the interaction delay. Experiments prove that the remote rendering framework can be effectively used for quality 3D video rendering on mobile devices in real time.
SPATIOTEMPORAL INFLUENCES OF CLIMATE ON ALTITUDINAL TREELINE IN NORTHERN PATAGONIA

Tree radial growth and seedling establishment of Nothofagus pumilio at alpine treeline near 40° S latitude in Chile and Argentina show time- and site-dependent relationships to interannual-and decadal-scale climate variation. Six treelines were sampled at two spatial scales corresponding to regional and local climates. A shift in climate from cool–wet to warm–dry conditions facilitated comparison of climate–vegetation relationships during two distinct periods: 1957–1976 and 1977–1996. For each treeline, tree radial growth and seedling establishment were correlated against monthly and seasonal temperature, precipitation, moisture availability, and two indices of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO): southern oscillation index (SOI) and sea surface temperature (SST). Four key aspects of climatic influences on N. pumilio radial growth and seedling establishment were as follows. (1) The relationship between krummholz radial growth and temperature variation was nonlinear. (2) Moisture availability was the dominant climatic factor influencing seedling establishment, although temperature–precipitation interactions resulted in variability among study areas. (3) Climate conditions that facilitated Nothofagus pumilio seedling establishment were distinct, and often opposite, from those that enhanced radial growth. (4) The relationships of radial growth and seedling demography with climate and ENSO differed among study areas and have been unstable over the past 40 years. Observed spatial and temporal instabilities in vegetation–climate relationships demonstrate the complexity of treeline dynamics in northern Patagonia under a changing climate. We conclude that a directional increase in temperature, as predicted by current global climate scenarios, will not necessarily result in an upslope expansion of the N. pumilio forests growing at altitudinal treeline in northern Patagonia.
Squeezing ionic liquids through nanopores.

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are substances composed entirely of ions and are liquids at or below 100 °C. Ionic conductivity of RTIL is one of the most important physical properties of these unique substances that determine their potential applications as a new medium for capacitors, fuel and solar cells as well as in separation systems. The quality of performance of these devices relies on the understanding of ionic transport of RTIL on a nanoscale. In this letter, we use ionic current carried by RTILs in single nanopores as a probe for their nanoscale transport properties. We show that the conductivity of RTILs through nanopores is significantly less than corresponding bulk values. Our experiments allowed us to address the nature of the interaction of these confined RTILs with charged surfaces. Electrostatic interactions of RTILs with nanopores are the basis for the formation of ionic diodes rectifying transport of the constituent ions.
The phase and volumetric relations in the helium—n-butane system: Part II. Second virial coefficients for helium—n-butane mixtures

The second virial coefficients of pure n-butane and of two mixtures of helium and n-butane were determined in the range 100° to 225°C. from isothermal compressibility measurements. Values of B11 (pure n-butane) agree closely with those of McGlashan and Potter (11) at low temperatures and of Hirschfelder et al. (7) at higher temperatures. Values of the mixed second virial coefficient B12 were computed from the mixture data. B12 shows little variation with temperature over this interval. The interpretation of the data as the behavior of a mixture composed of hard sphere (helium) in a real gas (n-butane) is discussed.
SU‐E‐J‐88: Dose Summation Between Multimodality Treatments for Cervical Cancer

Purpose: 1) To explore the feasibility of volumetric dose summation between external beam radiation (EBRT) and high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatments for cervical cancer, and 2) to investigate the differences between two deformable registration platforms: MIM Software (M) and VelocityAI (V). Methods: Five patients treated with combined EBRT (45 Gy) and HDR (5 x 5.5 Gy/FX, T&R) were selected in this study. The doses were converted to EQD2 (α/β of 10 for early and 3 for late effects). The HDR CT sets were registered using rigid (r), based on applicator, and deformable (d) registration. To quantify geometrical similarities between the deformed secondary and the original primary structures, the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) was calculated for HRCTV (for HDR sums only), bladder, and rectum. Each HDR fractional dose was resampled to a primary set. The registration between EBRT and HDR was performed using the HDR primary CT. The metrics HRCTV D90, and bladder/rectum D2cc were extracted from total dose DVHs and compared to the current clinical point dose summation protocol. Results: The average DSC for HRCTV, bladder and rectum was 0.72, 0.71, and 0.56 for MIM and 0.71, 0.70, and 0.51 for Velocity. Volumetric dose summation between the two modalities lead to differences from the point summation of 2.1±1.6% (r, M), 3.2±2.0% (r, V), 2.6±1.9% (d, M), and 3.9±1.5% (d, V) for HRCTV D90, 8.9±6.7% (r, M), 9.9±6.5% (r, V), 10.2± 6.2 (d, M), and 9.4± 4.5% (d, V) for bladder, and 5.2±3.4% (r, M), 5.0± 1.1%(r, V), 5.2± 3.3% (d, M), and 5.3± 3.8% (d, V) for rectum. Conclusion: The two algorithms produced similar results, with expected better DSC for HRCTV and bladder than for rectum. With understanding of the limitations of current deformable registration algorithms, 3D dose summation can be accomplished and composite dose estimates can be improved.
Analysis of transgene integration and expression following biolistic transfer of different quantities of minimal expression cassette into sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is an interspecific hybrid with a highly polyploid and frequently aneuploid genome. This C4 grass accounts for nearly 70% of the global sugar production and more recently has become an important biofuel feedstock. Biolistic gene transfer of plasmid DNA is the most frequently used approach for genetic transformation of sugarcane. Minimal expression cassettes lacking vector backbone sequences (MC) have been reported to support simple transgene integration in other species. In this study, we introduced a MC of nptII into embryogenic callus derived from immature leaf whorl cross-sections by biolistic gene transfer. The precipitation equivalents of 12.5, 25 or 50 ng of the nptII MC were delivered per shot to the target tissue with 1.0 μm gold particles. A total of 203 independent putative transgenic plants were regenerated following 80 bombardments and selection on geneticin or paromomycin containing media and 176 transgenic lines were confirmed with PCR. Twenty independent transgenic lines were selected for Southern blot analysis and expression analysis by NPTII ELISA from each of the three treatments. Genomic DNA from transgenic sugarcane plants displayed two to 13 nptII hybridization signals on Southern blots. There was a trend toward reduced transgene integration complexity and reduced transgene expression levels when lower (12.5 ng) MC was used per shot. These results demonstrate that backbone free MCs can be efficiently integrated and expressed in sugarcane.
Can chlorofluorocarbon sorption to black carbon (char) affect groundwater age determinations

Although adsorption is not generally considered important in low foc (fraction organic carbon) aquifers, we show that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) adsorption to black carbon (BC) is sufficiently large to retard transport and affect groundwater ages obtained with CFCs. Sorption isotherms of CFC-11, -12, and -113 to synthetic wood char were nonlinear (Freundlich n = 0.71−0.94) while humic acid isotherms were linear. Moreover, sorption to char was 10−1000 times greater than to humic acid for all three CFCs at the lowest observed concentrations, Cw/S ∼ 10−8−10−7. We used the observed isotherms for char and humic acid to represent sorption to BC and amorphous organic matter, respectively, in a dual mode model to estimate retardation factors for a low foc aquifer (= 0.06% gC g−1). The estimated retardation factors for the char-containing aquifer (presumed BC fraction = 9% of foc) were ∼6.8−10.6 at Cw/S = 10−8 and >5 times those estimated assuming amorphous organic matter partitioning only. The results indicate that...
Epigenetic gambling & epigenetic drift as potential mechanisms underlying the quasi- stochastic distributions of late life neurodegenerative disorders

Background Generations of biogerontologists have repeatedly observed striking variations in lifespans among individual members of genetically identical cohorts from a wide variety of species when aged under apparently identical environments. It is a reasonable assumption that these differences are accompanied by contrasting patterns of healthspan. Recent studies with C. elegans provide strong evidence that these lifespan variations are largely non-heritable (SL Rea et al., Nature Genet37:894, 2005). One can therefore, conclude that they are driven by stochastic events. Methods The frequencies of somatic mutation seem insufficient to explain these variations. They seem likely to be epigenetically based. I have suggested an explanation (GM Martin, Aging Cell 8:761, 2009) that can be viewed as an extension of the antagonistic pleiotropic model of aging proposed by the late George C. Williams (Evolution 11: 398, 1957). In brief, it is proposed that variegated gene expression within families of homologous cells was selected by evolution as an adaptive trait to ensure survival within unpredictable ecologies.
The Electoral Connection and Legislative Committees

This article examines whether the career needs of legislators – to be re-elected or to move on to another political post – allow us to explain the rules governing committee structures and the committee assignments individual legislators obtain. It uses the institutional variations provided by Argentina, Costa Rica, and Venezuela to test hypotheses about committee assignments and committee assignment mechanisms. It finds that incentives created by candidate selection procedures and electoral rules show some relationship to committee assignments, but with a good deal of variation across national cases and individual careers.
Apoptosis: lessons from in vitro systems.

Abstract Although apoptosis is a major factor in metazoan morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis, its underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood. This is now beginning to change as cell-free systems for the study of apoptosis start to reveal some of the activities involved. As suggested by earlier genetic analyses, a proteinase with properties resembling those of the interleukin-1-β-converting enzyme (ICE) has been shown to initiate the apoptotic cascade in vitro. Curiously, results obtained with the cell-free systems suggest that essential downstream effectors of the apoptotic response may be intrinsic components of healthy nuclei.
Dexamethasone Reduces Length of Hospitalization and Improves Postoperative Pain and Nausea After Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial

Controlling postoperative pain and nausea after total joint arthroplasty remains an important challenge. We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial with 120 patients to determine if the addition of perioperative dexamethasone to a multimodal regimen improves antiemetic and analgesic control, enhances mobility, and shortens hospital length of stay after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Patients administered 10mg of intravenous dexamethasone intraoperatively consumed less daily rescue anti-emetic and analgesic medication, reported superior VAS nausea and pain scores, ambulated further distances, and had a significantly shorter length of stay compared to the control group (P<0.05). A second, 24-hour postoperative dose of 10mg intravenous dexamethasone provided significant additional pain and nausea control and further reduced length of stay (P<0.05). No adverse events were detected with the administration of the intraoperative and/or postoperative dexamethasone.
Consumer response to online apparel stockouts

In two online experiments this research investigated the process by which consumers respond to online apparel stock outages (or stockouts) and examined the effectiveness of managerial responses in mitigating the adverse impact of stockouts. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that negative emotions evoked by stockouts depressed perception of store image, lowered decision satisfaction, and reduced behavioral intent. In addition, the effect of negative emotion on behavioral intent was mediated by perception of store image and decision satisfaction. The results of Experiment 2 showed that financial compensation was most effective in mitigating the negative impact of out-of-stock occurrences on consumer responses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of reactive intermediates on the propagation of turbulent premixed flames

The most simple version of the Bray and Libby model of turbulent flame propagation has been extended to include a two-step reaction mechanism in which reactants decompose into reactive intermediates which then form products. A transport equation for the joint pdf of intermediate and product concentrations was derived, the pdf parameterized, and transport equations for the parameters obtained. The one-dimensional concentration equations were then solved for the parameters of the pdf and the turbulent kinetic energy. Flame speed and angle are recovered as eigenvalues of the problem. The results show the essential features observed in experiments. The product pdf is composed of peaks at zero and unity product concentration, with a continuous structure representing partially reacted gas. The intermediates pdf has a peak at zero concentration and a broad bell-shaped distribution at nonzero concentration, representing partially reacted gas. The results also show the effect of partitioning of energy release on the flame thickness and speed.
Physical fitness norms for college freshmen.

(1977). Physical Fitness Norms for College Freshmen. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 499-503.
ASP fits to multi-way layouts

The balanced complete multi-way layout with ordinal or nominal factors is a fundamental data-type that arises in medical imaging, agricultural field trials, DNA microassays, and other settings where analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an established tool. ASP algorithms weigh competing biased fits in order to reduce risk through variance-bias tradeoff. The acronym ASP stands for Adaptive Shrinkage of Penalty bases. Motivating ASP is a penalized least squares criterion that associates a separate quadratic penalty term with each main effect and each interaction in the general ANOVA decomposition of means. The penalty terms express plausible conjecture about the mean function, respecting the difference between ordinal and nominal factors. Multiparametric asymptotics under a probability model and experiments on data elucidate how ASP dominates least squares, sometimes very substantially. ASP estimators for nominal factors recover Stein's superior shrinkage estimators for one- and two-way layouts. ASP estimators for ordinal factors bring out the merits of smoothed fits to multi-way layouts, a topic broached algorithmically in work by Tukey.
For the collective good? Free–market claims for hazardous waste

This article employs critical theory to analyze how the free–market perspective legitimates hazardous waste production and disposal. This legitimation is most apparent in processes of regulation and disposal of hazardous waste. Integral to regulation and disposal is a series of communication acts aimed at defining hazardous waste, suggesting particular relations of the substances to production, society, and individuals. We argue that free–market claims fundamentally distort the relation of hazardous waste to society, individuals, democratic process, and the ecosystem. We suggest that a reliance on a more holistic economic approach is necessary to address the dilemma facing society.
3C-SiC on Si: A Versatile Material for Electronic, Biomedical and Clean Energy Applications

Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been known as a robust semiconductor with superior properties to silicon for electronic applications. Consequently a tremendous amount of international activity has been on-going for over four decades to develop high-power solid state SiC electronics. While this activity has focused on the hexagonal polytypes of SiC, the only form that can be grown directly on Si substrates, 3C-SiC (or cubic SiC), has been researched for non-electronic applications such as MEMS and biosensors. In particular in our group we have pioneered several biomedical devices using 3C-SiC grown on Si substrates, and recently have been investigating the use of this novel material for clean energy applications. This paper first reviews progress made in the area of 3C-SiC electronic devices. Next a review of nearly a decade of biomedical activity is presented, with particular emphasis on the most promising applications: in vivo glucose monitoring, biomedical implants for connecting the human nervous system to advanced prosthetics, and MEMS/NEMS research aimed at allowing for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic systems for advanced biomedical applications. Recent published work in the area of hydrogen production via electrolysis using 3C-SiC closes the paper as this last application is extremely promising for the burgeoning hydrogen economy and demonstrates a third important application of 3C-SiC on Si – its potential use in clean energy systems.
Experimental and numerical nano-characterisation of two phases in concrete

Concrete is the most used material in construction worldwide. Concrete is a composite material including three phases: cement paste, aggregate and interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Previous research has demonstrated that the macro behaviour of concrete represents the integration of its constituent phases. Here, we present a methodology to experimentally and numerically characterise the mechanical performance of individual points within these constituent phases. Concrete samples made of high performance concrete are indented using state of the art nano-characterisation system. Using nano-positioning technique load-indentation curves are recorded at two individual points at the cement paste (CP) phase and at the ITZ phase. The load-indentation relationship showed a significant difference between the mechanical behaviours at both points. The finite element (FE) method is used to simulate behaviour at both phases. It is shown that the load-indentation curves can be simulated accurately using FE providing insight on intrinsic constitutive models.
Separate domains in E1 and E2 proteins serve architectural and productive roles for cooperative DNA binding.

The E1 and E2 proteins from bovine papillomavirus bind cooperatively to binding sites in the viral origin of DNA replication. The DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of the two proteins interact with each other, and the E2 transactivation domain interacts with the helicase domain of E1. Mutations that disrupt the interaction between the two DBDs also disrupt the interaction between the E2 activation domain and the E1 helicase domain, demonstrating interdependence of the two interactions. Cooperative binding of the two DBDs generates a sharp bend in the DNA that is required for interaction between the E2 activation domain and E1. This indicates that interaction between the two DBDs plays an architectural role, ‘triggering’ a productive interaction between the E2 transactivation domain and E1 through introduction of a sharp bend in the DNA. This two-step mechanism may be a required feature for cooperative DNA binding to proximal binding sites.
A Dual-Resonant Microstrip-Based UHF RFID "Cargo" Tag

We present a novel passive UHF RFID "cargo tag" capable of operating in two different graphic regions such as Europe and North America. The tag utilizes a dual-resonant, dual-polarized, microstrip antenna. The resulting tag operates efficiently over ETSI and FCC frequency ranges and achieves excellent efficiency. The tag antenna eliminates any cross-layer structures such as a via and may be manufactured efficiently using traditional, low-cost "inlay" technology. We estimate the free-space read distance to be between 9.3 and 13.1 meters (30 and 43 feet).
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Multiple, Complex Etiologies in an Idiopathic Hereditary Pancreatitis Kindred

Context Hereditary pancreatitis is the early onset form of chronic pancreatitis that is carried in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance. While 80% of hereditary pancreatitis has been shown to be due to a single mutation in the trypsinogen gene PRSS1 , a number of hereditary pancreatitis families have no identified genetic cause for illness; thus no reliable screening options or clear therapy. Objective To explore the use of massive parallel DNA sequencing technology to discover the etiology of pancreatitis in a family with idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis. Design Candidate gene screening and verification within a kindred. Setting Prospective cohort study, university based. Patients or participants Kindred with idiopathic hereditary pancreatitis. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Identification of DNA variants predicted to increase susceptibility to pancreatitis. Methods Whole exome sequencing of two distantly related subjects with variant-specific confirmation in the subjects and other family members. Results We identified three deleterious genetic changes in the three major pancreatitis associated genes ( PRSS1 CNV, SPINK1 c.27delC and CFTR R117H), two of which were carried by each patient. Individual targeted assays confirmed these variations in the two whole exome sequencing patients as well as affected and non-affected pedigree members. Conclusion Whole exome sequencing was useful for rapid screening of candidate genes linked to pancreatitis. This method opens the door for time- and cost-effective screening of multiple disease-associated genes and modifying factors that associate in different ways to generate a complex genetic disorder.
A Morphological Study of Porosity Defects in Graphite-Epoxy Composites

The presence of porosity in a structural material generally has a detrimental effect on the strength and mechanical properties of the component [1]. Excessive porosity is especially undesirable in laminated composites such as graphite-epoxy as it substantially degrades the interlaminar shear strength, the compressive strength and the transverse flexural strength, Detailed morphological knowledge of the pores such as their geometrical shape, orientation and location of occurrence in the laminate is valuable in several areas. In the nondestructive evaluation of porosity in composites using ultrasound, such morphological data will aid the model development of the interaction of the ultrasonic field with the voids and help the interpretation of the ultrasonic measurement results. In the investigation of the effects of defects, data on the pore morphology serve as inputs to models of the stress distribution around the defects and the interaction between the defects.
Reducing leukocyte-endothelial interactions through FPR2/ALX in microglial instigated stroke (LB543)

Members of the formyl peptide receptor family (in particular FPR2/ALX; Fpr2/3 in mouse) act as endogenous anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving agents. We investigated the mechanism through which an infl...
Bioreactor Headspace Purging Reduces Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Accumulation in Insect Cell Cultures and Enhances Cell Growth

Flushing the bioreactor headspace of Sf-9 and High Five insect cell cultures sparged with pure oxygen prevented the accumulation of CO2 in the culture medium and enhanced the cell growth rate and maximum cell densities. The CO2 accumulated to a concentration of ∼24 mM in both cultures in the absence of headspace purging compared to levels of 3 and 6 mM in the purged Sf-9 and High Five cultures, respectively. Headspace purging decreased the mean population doubling times of the Sf-9 and High Five cell lines from 38 to 22 h and from 46 to 22 h, respectively. In addition, headspace purging increased the maximum cell densities obtained in the Sf-9 and High Five cell cultures from ∼(5–6) to ∼(8–10) × 106 cells/mL and from ∼(3–5) to ∼(8–10) × 106 cells/mL, respectively.
A Randomized Phase II Chemoprevention Trial of 13-CIS Retinoic Acid with Or without α Tocopherol or Observation in Subjects at High Risk for Lung Cancer

No chemoprevention strategies have been proven effective for lung cancer. We evaluated the effect of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA), with or without α tocopherol, as a lung cancer chemoprevention agent in a phase II randomized controlled clinical trial of adult subjects at high risk for lung cancer as defined by the presence of sputum atypia, history of smoking, and airflow obstruction, or a prior surgically cured nonsmall cell lung cancer (disease free, >3 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 13-cis RA, 13-cis RA plus α tocopherol (13-cis RA/α toco) or observation for 12 months. Outcome measures are derived from histologic evaluation of bronchial biopsy specimens obtained by bronchoscopy at baseline and follow-up. The primary outcome measure is treatment “failure” defined as histologic progression (any increase in the maximum histologic score) or failure to return for follow-up bronchoscopy. Seventy-five subjects were randomized (27/22/26 to obervations/13-cis RA/13-cis RA/α toco); 59 completed the trial; 55 had both baseline and follow-up bronchoscopy. The risk of treatment failure was 55.6% (15 of 27) and 50% (24 of 48) in the observation and combined (13 cis RA plus 13 cis RA/α toco) treatment arms, respectively (odds ratio adjusted for baseline histology, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-2.66; P = 0.95). Among subjects with complete histology data, maximum histology score in the observation arm increased by 0.37 units and by 0.03 units in the treated arms (difference adjusted for baseline, −0.18; 95% confidence interval, −1.16 to 0.81; P = 0.72). Similar (nonsignificant) results were observed for treatment effects on endobronchial proliferation as assessed by Ki-67 immunolabeling. Twelve-month treatment with 13-cis RA produced nonsignificant changes in bronchial histology, consistent with results in other trials. Agents advancing to phase III randomized trials should produce greater histologic changes. The addition of α tocopherol did not affect toxicity.
Leading the Library by Leading the Campus: A Dean's Perspective

Library leaders have an array of responsibilities for library operations and staff which are well understood. This article explores the less understood imperative to lead in a variety of areas on university or college campuses as core to the library dean or director’s efforts. Specific areas, ripe for library leadership will be examined including strategic planning, diversity, faculty governance, accreditation, research support, space planning, global initiatives, and online education with specific strategies for effective and sustaining impact using real world examples. Tips for advancing universities and colleges are articulated including successful communication techniques with campus stakeholders and advice for “getting to the tables.”
Dynamic Modeling Results of a 1MW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Power System

A dynamic system model is presented for a 1 MW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine (FC/GT) hybrid power generation system. Results are shown for both a fuel step reduction at the anode inlet, and a voltage step reduction to the fuel cell. Results showed significant thermal consequences at the cathode inlet for both perturbations. To mitigate these thermal consequences, methods of airflow management were examined and indicated that reducing the total gas turbine air flow worked better than an air bleed arrangement. As one option for air flow management, a control for the turbine speed was studied. These results are also presented showing that the thermal conditions are managed far better with such a control method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The Use of the Term Psychoneurosis

MANY men and women discharged from the Army for medical reasons have been classified as neuropsychiatric cases. This fact and the trend of statistics in medical journals, newspapers and magazines pertaining to war neuroses suggest that it would be unfashionable today not to show alarm at the rate soldiers are developing nervous disorders. History discloses, however, that there is a similarity between the widespread concern over the conditions generally described as psychoneuroses and the ill-founded apprehension voiced by Beard1 in 1881, when he declared: All this is modern and originally American; and no age, no country and no form of . . .
Application of Distiller's Grains of Yellow Rice Wine to Produce"Aromatic Grains Halid

The grinded natural vegetal composite perfume materials and pungent materials2?4kg were added into every100kg dis-tiller's grains of yellow rice wine for full mixing,after3?6months airproof storage in jars,the mixed materials developed into aromat-ic grains.Then10?15kg aromatic grains,0.5kg prickly ash and0.2kg fennel added into100kg water.After48?96h stable place-ment in wine jars,the upper clear liquid abstracted and the pressed liquid filtrated.Then with the addition of edible salt and yellow rice wine etc.,the aromatic grains halid finally produced.Aromatic grains halid was used in flavor seasoning and had the advantages of convenient application and fresh taste etc.(Tran.by YUE Yang)
SU-F-T-411: A Quantitative Parameter for Treatment Plan Quality

Purpose: To create an IMRT treatment plan quantitative score using QUANTEC dose/volume parameters to assess plan quality. Methods: 132 IMRT patient plans of various treatment sites were evaluated. The optimized plan's dose volume histogram (DVH) was exported to Velocity for evaluation. The proposed scoring was based on calculating the shortest distance from the QUANTEC objective to the DVH line of each organ. Each plan was normalized against the “perfect” plan where the organs at risk (OAR) received no dose and hence the distance between the QUANTEC objective and the DVH line was maximized. The normalized scores allowed comparing the quality of plans across the treatment sites, dosimetrists, and physicians. The scores were plotted and statistically analyzed to serve as basis for future plans. Results: The score for each site was evaluated and the average percentage score resulted in the abdomen having an average percent score of 1.68 ± 1.49, 34.61 ± 35.19, 11.00 ± 15.39, 28.44 ± 25.13, 1.99 ± 5.83 for abdomen, brain, chest, head/neck, and pelvis. Differences in scores between the treatment sites are largely attributed to OAR segmentation and proximity of the OAR to the PTV. Small score differences between dosimetrist were attributed to the number of plans they have completed per site. A larger sample of treatment plans is being evaluated to investigate the effect of dosimetrist's experience on plan quality. Conclusion: This approach allows comparison of patient treatments which will help improve patient care and treatment outcomes with a quantitative score. A larger number of patient plans is being evaluated for improved statistics.
Microscopic two-color infrared imaging of Ni Al reactive particles and pellets

Abstract Non-contact temperature measurements using infrared detection are widely used for observing combustion in reactive materials. The most common method used is multicolor ratio pyrometry, where point measurements are taken at different wavelengths and the ratios are used to estimate temperatures. It is desirable to perform spatially and temporally resolved measurements at high speeds. We report a new design that employs optical elements coupled with a high-speed infrared camera. The system has a spatial resolution of 14 μm/pixel and can go as high as 3900 frames per second, while simultaneously obtaining images at two different wavelengths. The system was calibrated with a black body source to permit calculation of emissivities in addition to temperatures. Reactions were observed in single particles of mechanically activated nickel-aluminum and their pellets fabricated by cold pressing. The particles were ignited using a CO2 laser heated hot plate at 670 K, whereas the pellets were ignited using an electrical spark. The particles show multiple reaction stages corresponding to melting of aluminum and peritectic decomposition of NiAl3 and Ni2Al3, with maximum temperatures reaching 1450 K, before thermal losses quench further reactions. Particles within a reacting pellet go through the same stages, but continue reacting due to the additional heating from the neighboring particles and reach maximum temperatures of ~ 1900 K, close to the estimated adiabatic temperatures assuming the final phase is NiAl (1911 K). Increasing milling time had little effect on the temperatures and ignition delays but increased the overall reaction rates in particles. The same phase formation sequence occurs for all the milling times but microstructural refinement increases the reaction rates due to diffusion limited growth. The emissivity of the particles rapidly increase to about 0.9 after initial reactions, then drops to around 0.5–0.6 after phase formations and melting, but continues to gradually rise to 0.7 due to oxidation during cooling.
Biological species are universal across Life's domains.

Delineation of species is fundamental to organizing and understanding biological diversity. The most widely applied criterion for distinguishing species is the Biological Species Concept (BSC), which defines species as groups of interbreeding individuals that remain reproductively isolated from other such groups. The BSC has broad appeal; however, many organisms, most notably asexual lineages, cannot be classified according to the BSC. Despite their exclusively asexual mode of reproduction, Bacteria and Archaea can transfer and exchange genes though homologous recombination. Here we show that barriers to homologous gene exchange define biological species in prokaryotes with the same efficacy as in sexual eukaryotes. By analyzing the impact of recombination on the polymorphisms in thousands of genome sequences, we find that over half of named bacterial species undergo continuous recombination among sequenced constituents, indicative of true biological species. However, nearly a quarter of named bacterial species show sharp discontinuities and comprise multiple biological species. These interruptions of gene flow are not a simple function of genome identity, indicating that bacterial speciation does not uniformly proceed by the gradual divergence of genome sequences. The same genomic approach based on recombinant polymorphisms retrieves known species boundaries in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Thus, a single biological species definition based on gene flow, once thought to be limited only to sexually reproducing organisms, is applicable to all cellular lifeforms.
Individual differences in motion-induced blindness: The effects of mask coherence and depth ordering.

Abstract Motion-induced blindness (MIB; Bonneh, Cooperman, & Sagi, 2001) is a visual phenomenon in which salient, stationary high-contrast targets are perceived to disappear and reappear when viewed within a moving background mask. The present study examined the effects of depth ordering (three levels) and mask motion coherence (0%, 50%, and 100% coherence of the mask elements), as well as the interaction effects between these two variables, especially taking note of between-subject variation. It is clear that individuals experience different amounts of MIB, indexed using average, cumulative, and normalized measures. Other differences are exhibited in how depth order and levels of mask coherence affect individuals’ perception of MIB. This study was able to partially replicate the depth ordering effects exhibited by Graf, Adams, and Lages (2002); however, we were unable to replicate the effects of mask coherence reported by Wells, Leber, and Sparrow (2011), and possible reasons are explored, including the possible role of adaptation. No significant interaction effect was found between depth order and coherence, suggesting these processes act independently of one another. Implications for between-subject variability are discussed. A single underlying parameter accounting for individual differences among observers was not identified, suggesting that normative models of MIB may not be practical.
The Big Three: Inflation, GDP, and Unemployment

This note gives descriptive statistics of inflation, GDP (growth), and unemployment. How the statistics are calculated is discussed and issues specific to the 'Big Three' are mentioned. The note is part of the refresher course in Economics at Darden for incoming MBA students Excerpt UVA-G-0598 The Big Three: Inflation, GDP, and unemployment Inflation, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and unemployment are three indicators that are carefully monitored by consumers, firms, and policy-makers worldwide. Hundreds of people are involved in gathering that data. They are the scorecard of an economy and give a sense of its overall health. In this note, key issues that relate to the “big three” are discussed. Inflation Inflation, the money supply, and central bank independence Inflation captures the change in the overall price level. For central banks around the world, inflation is a key indicator. Central banks are typically in charge of controlling inflation. To do so, they use monetary policy. To keep inflation in check, central banks try to control the money supply. Figure 1 suggests that they have good reason to focus on the money supply. Indeed, there is a strong positive correlation between the percentage changes in the money supply and the percentage changes in the price level. . . .
“Whatdunit?” Sentence Comprehension Abilities of Children With SLI: Sensitivity to Word Order in Canonical and Noncanonical Structures

Purpose With Aim 1, we compared the comprehension of and sensitivity to canonical and noncanonical word order structures in school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI) and same-age ...
Osteoporosis, Vertebral Compression Fractures, and Cement Augmentation Procedures

Osteoporosis affects ten million individuals in the United States, 80% of whom are women, with another 18 million diagnosed with osteopenia. Approximately 1.5 million vertebral compression fractures occur annually in the United States. Nonoperative treatment is the preferred course of care for most, with bracing considered an adjunct for pain control. Cement augmentation has a role in patients with intractable pain. Good to excellent results can be expected in the range of 75–100% for both cement augmentation and nonoperative management. Cement augmentation procedures have not been shown to expedite the rehabilitation process or reduce the potential for future fractures.
Control architectures for fixed and mobile networks

Providing advanced network services to subscribers in fixed and mobile cellular networks requires enhanced call control and network features as well as mobility management. The support of these requirements necessitates a solution based on the Intelligent Network concept. For example, in cellular and microcellular networks as well as in fixed networks, subscriber mobility may require multiple database lookups and additional facilities to locate, register and authenticate users. The signalling load and the real time performance may be significantly hampered without the proper architecture. In this paper, we will address the important issues in network control assuming an architectural framework based on the intelligent network. We will consider representative control functions of mobile networks within the framework of this architecture and discuss control traffic behavior and performance.
The Scientific Status of Psychiatric Diagnosis

Contrary to current protests that psychiatry has become too diffuse and “is riding madly off in all directions”, I propose that our discipline cannot be other than inclusive and integrative. In effect, no person’s “normal” or “deviant” behavior can be adequately understood or treated without a comprehensive grasp of his genetic proclivities and physiopathologic functions, his unique formative experiences, his past and recent stresses, and his various coping capacities as related to his current economic, environmental, cultural and other contingencies. Indeed, in the inherent wisdom of our language the philologic roots of our basic psychiatric terms “health”,“personality”, “disorder”and “therapy”embody their interrelatedness. To illustrate:
Commentary on the limitation of antidepressants in current use

Antidepressants in current use are generally classified by their immediate pharmacological actions [1, 2]. Thus, there are two classical pharmacological classes that include over a dozen individual drugs and the six newer pharmacological classes that include at least 10 specific agents (Tab. 1) [1, 2]. As a group, these antidepressants are important therapeutic agents with many favorable characteristics. The newer antidepressants have a better safety profile than the classical antidepressants. All antidepressants, however, are generally recognized as effective for the majority of patients with major depressive disorder, and also have an ever expanding portfolio of therapeutic actions in other disorders, such as panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and many others. Over half of patients with depression treated with any of the currently available antidepressants will respond to treatment, and over 90% will respond if several antidepressants are tried in sequence, or combinations of antidepressants and other drugs are administered [3-5]. Antidepressants also reduce relapse rates for the first 6 to 12 months after improving from an episode of major depressive disorder [6]. So what could possibly be the limitations of drugs with so many positive features?
Inability to condition a peripheral activating drug.

Previous research on the adaptation of the conditional renal secretion reflex (CR) has resulted in contradictory data. Although the early work of Bykov in Russia on dogs and of Hoferet al. in the United States on humans indicated that a renal CR is possible, experiments of Corson, Reese and Dykman (in normal dogs) and of Frances Watt Baker and Gantt (in dogs with transplanted kidneys) showed little or no capacity for forming a renal CR. The present work is a partial completion of a comprehensive survey of the ability and mechanism of the kidneys to form CRs. The production of glycosuria produced byperipheral stimulation cannot be conditioned. The results of 110 days of experiments with an externalized ureter dog injected with 2.5 mg of phloridzin (im) in 0.5 ml of normal saline were: 0.40 mg, 0.43 mg (control before phloridzin injection), 0.96, 8.71, 10.96, 7.28 and 4.36 mg glucose. On the test days an equal amount of normal saline was injected with the following results: 0.29, 0.38 mg glucose (control), 0.33, 0.45, 0.38, 0.32 and 0.35 mg. All readings are glucose per minute, average of 10 experiments for each of the above readings. The results of 75 days of experiments with the cervical kidney dog injected with the same amount of phloridzin as above in normal saline were: 0.29, 0.37 mg glucose/min (control), 1.72, 4.56, 5.43, 3.92 and 2.54 mg glucose/min (after phloridzin). On test days an equal amount of saline was injected, results: 0.27, 0.28 mg (control), 0.25, 0.29, 0.36, 0.26 and 0.29 mg of glucose/min, average of 10 experiments for each of the above readings. All figures are for 15 minute collections. Conclusion: Glycosuria produced by tubular inhibition (phloridzin) cannot become a conditional response. One explanation of this failure to form a CR is that phloridzin acts peripherally rather than centrally.
Fractal characterization of the fracture surface of a high-strength low-alloy steel

The fractal dimension of fracture surfaces of a high-strength low-alloy steel (ASTM A710) has been measured using different ruler lengths. The fractal dimension increases with increasing impact toughness, E, and can be expressed by the quantitative relationship, E=E0e25D′, where E0=1.9 J representing the impact toughness in Euclidean space, and D′ is the fractal dimensional increment, defined by D′=DS−2=DL−1 and DS and DL are respectively, the surface and linear fractal dimensions. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Long-Term Outcomes for Patients With Desmoid Fibromatosis Treated With Radiation Therapy: A 10-Year Update and Re-evaluation of the Role of Radiation Therapy for Younger Patients

Purpose To update our experience with long-term outcomes in patients with desmoid fibromatosis treated with radiation therapy (RT) and to characterize factors associated with increased risk of local recurrence. Methods and Materials We reviewed the records of 209 consecutive patients with desmoid fibromatosis treated with RT, either alone or as combined-modality therapy (CMT) with surgery, at our institution from 1965 to 2015. Results Median follow-up time was 98 months (range, 1-509 months). The 5- and 10-year local control (LC) was 71% and 69%, respectively. Fifty-nine patients (28%) experienced a local recurrence at a median time of 23 months (interquartile range, 15-38 months). Among all patients, on multivariable analysis, adjusting for anatomic site, size, age, treatment era (>2005 vs ≤2005), treatment approach (RT alone vs CMT), and an interaction between age and treatment, we found only age ≤30 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.94; P = .005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-6.27) and large tumor size >10 cm (HR, 2.51; P = .03; 95% CI, 1.09-5.78) to be correlated with poorer LC. Notably, for patients receiving RT alone, the 5-year LC was 43% for patients ≤30 years old versus 75% for >30 years old (P Conclusions Among all patients with desmoid fibromatosis, RT is an effective local therapy for tumor control. However, young patients ≤ 30 years have notably high rates of local recurrence regardless of treatment strategy, which requires further study. Treatment decisions should be risk-adapted by large referral centers with multidisciplinary expertise in desmoid management.
PIPJ Interpositional Arthroplasty

Hammertoe deformity can be classified in numerous ways, depending on the etiology, flexibility, and direction of deformity. Hammertoes may be flexible, semirigid, or rigid depending on whether it is reducible or not. The position may be adducted or abducted, varus or valgus, over- or underlapped with adjacent toes, and flexed to various degrees [1–4]. Although rare, hammertoes can be congenital [5]. More commonly, hammertoes are acquired as a result of imbalances from intrinsic and/or extrinsic muscles influencing the metatarsal phalangeal and interphalangeal joints.