cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RILKE'S EARLY ANGELS’ CONNECTIONS TO CORPOREALITY AND LANGUAGE

Faith in and fascination with angels have been on the rise in popular culture in Germany. Rainer Maria Rilke's poetry is frequently mentioned in connection with these supposedly divine beings, which perpetuates a conflation of Rilke's works with spirituality and transcendence among the broad population. Various media outlets in Germany reinforce this connection in time for Christmas each year. Rilke's angel figure is, however, not exclusively or even primarily a foil for metaphysical or spiritual considerations. Rather, Rilke's angel often rubs prevalent and solely spiritual understandings of these divine messengers against the grain, employing the angel in connection with human language and other physiological processes. Rilke's Duineser Elegien make this connection explicit, but his earlier works also point clearly to the angel as a motif in his considerations of language and communication. At a much earlier point in his career, Rilke's Engellieder cycle of 1897 turns the conventional human-angel relationship on its head, while three angel poems he wrote in the summer of 1899 reveal an attempt to approach the issue of verbal communication via the angel in a systematic manner. Der Glaube an Engel und die geistige Beschaftigung mit ihnen nehmen in der breiten Bevolkerung in Deutschland zu. Die Gedichte von Rainer Maria Rilke werden haufig im Zusammenhang mit diesen uberirdischen Wesen erwahnt, und das fordert die verbreitete Verbindung seiner Werke mit Spiritualitat und geistiger Transzendenz. Zu Weihnachten wird diese Verbindung von mehreren Medien in Deutschland verstarkt. Dennoch ist Rilkes Engel-Figur nicht ausschlieslich – ja, nicht einmal in erster Linie – ein Gegenstand metaphysischer oder spiritueller Uberlegungen. Stattdessen geht Rilke vorherrschenden Vorstellungen von Engeln gegen den Strich und verwendet den Engel im Zusammenhang mit menschlicher Sprache und anderen physiologischen Vorgangen. Das wird deutlich in Rilkes Duineser Elegien, aber auch seine viel fruheren Werke weisen eindeutig auf den Engel als Vehikel fur Uberlegungen zu Sprache und Kommunikationen. Schon Rilkes Engellieder Zyklus (1897) dreht das herkommliche Verhaltnis zwischen Mensch und Engel auf den Kopf; und drei Engel-Gedichte aus dem Sommer 1897 deuten auf den Versuch Rilkes hin, das Thema von verbaler Mitteilung und dem Engel systematisch anzugehen.
Employability and Career Success: The Need for Comprehensive Definitions of Career Success

In their focal article, Hogan, Chamorro-Premuzic, and Kaiser (2013) define career success objectively “in terms of occupational prestige and financial attainment.” However, it is clear from the careers literature that workers in early, mid, and late career are likely to define both subjective and objective career success differently (Wang, Olson, & Shultz, 2013). Therefore, we recommend an expanded definition of career success that includes both subjective and objective measures when exploring the relationship between employability and career success across individuals' careers.
A reinforcement learning approach for distance-based dynamic tolling in the stochastic network environment

Summary This paper proposes a novel dynamic tolling model based on distance and accounts for uncertain traffic demand and supply conditions. The distance-based tolling controller is modeled as an intelligent agent interacting within the stochastic network environment dynamically by taking actions, which are to decide different distance-based tolling rates of vehicles. The distance-based tolls are determined according to various metrics, for example, total traffic flow throughput, delay time, vehicular emissions, which are set as objectives in the modeling framework. The optimal tolling rate is determined by an R-Markov Average Reward Technique based reinforcement learning algorithm. In the numerical case study, we test the proposed tolling scheme on a benchmark test network—the Sioux Falls network—where specified links are candidate toll links. The result shows that the total travel time of tolling links reduces by 25% over simulation runs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apnea Detection based on Respiratory Signal Classification

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of different types of sleep-related breathing disorders. It is characterized by repetitive cessations of respiratory flow during sleep, which occurs due to a collapse of the upper respiratory airway. OSA is majorly undiagnosed due to the inconvenient Polysomnography (PSG) testing procedure at sleep labs. This paper introduces an automated approach towards identifying the presence of sleep apnea based on the acoustic signal of respiration. The characterization of breathing sound was carried by Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm, which is used to measure the energy of the acoustic respiratory signal during breath and breath hold. The performance of our classification algorithm is tested on real respiratory signals and the experimental results show that the VAD is useful as a predictive tool for the segmentation of breath into sound and silence segments. Moreover, the system we developed can be used as a basis for future development of a tool for OSA screening.
Molecular Detection and Discrimination of Blueberry red ringspot virus Strains Causing Disease in Cultivated Blueberry and Cranberry

Polashock, J. J., Ehlenfeldt, M. K., and Crouch, J. A. 2009. Molecular detection and discrimination of Blueberry red ringspot virus strains causing disease in cultivated blueberry and cranberry. Plant Dis. 93:727-733. Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV) causes red ringspots on the stems, leaves, and ripening fruit of infected highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) plants. The disease was originally observed in New Jersey and has now been reported in other blueberry growing regions in the United States, as well as several locations in Europe. A disease with similar symptoms occurs in American cranberry (V. macrocarpon), but BRRV has never been confirmed as the causal agent. Serological detection of BRRV in infected plants has been unsatisfactory. Using a primer set designed for routine detection (RRSV3/RRSV4), we successfully amplified a fragment of the virus from all tissues of infected highbush blueberry plants. Using the same primer set, we confirmed natural infection of BRRV in rabbiteye (V. virgatum) blueberry cultivars and the rabbiteye × V. constablaei hybrid cultivar Little Giant. These species have not been previously reported as hosts for this virus. Viral fragments were cloned from representative blueberry and cranberry plants exhibiting ringspot symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data showed that cranberry strains of BRRV are precursors to the more derived blueberry strains. The techniques reported in this paper are being used to evaluate strain variation in Vaccinium species and to identify the as yet unknown vector(s) of this virus.
Low economic status is associated with suboptimal intakes of nutritious foods by adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death among older Americans. Many of the chronic health conditions that result in the loss of independence, disability, and reduced quality of life in older adults are preventable through healthful lifestyle including proper nutrition. Household income is a major economic factor that impacts food choices and nutritional status of individuals. The study examines the socioeconomic characteristics of adults, 60 years and older, and assesses the correlations between household income and food choices and nutritional status of adults. Adults (n = 2675) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2002, were grouped into 1 of the 3 household income categories: low income ( 350% of poverty). Their sociodemographic characteristics and unadjusted mean nutrient and MyPyramid food group intakes were estimated. Multiple regression models were used to control for age and sex variability in mean estimations. Pairwise (t tests) mean comparisons were made among the income groups, at a priori α = .05 level of significance. Survey design effects were used in the analyses. There were 24.9%, 43.0%, and 32.1% adults in low-, medium-, and high-income groups, respectively. Only 77% of low-income adults were fully food-secure. Compared with medium- and high-income groups, the low-income group had a higher proportion of women (66.9%), Hispanics (20.1%) or non-Hispanic blacks (11.4%), adults having less than high-school-level education (34.2%), and adults who were widowed (40.6%) or divorced (12.1%). After controlling for age and sex, low-income adults consumed 526 kJ less than medium-income adults and 1050 kJ less than high-income adults. Lower proportion of low-income adults ate at or above the Adequate Intake or Estimated Average Intake levels for many micronutrients. They ate less fruit, vegetables, milk, meat, poultry, and fish than high-income adults. Older minority women living in low-income households are in urgent need for food assistance and nutrition intervention programs.
Influence of dry-rolling and tempering agent addition during the steam-flaking of sorghum grain on its feeding value for feedlot cattle.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of dry-rolling (DRS) and tempering agent (TA) addition during the steam-flaking of grain sorghum (SFS) for feedlot cattle. Five dietary treatments were compared: 1) DRS; 2) SFS, no TA; 3) SFS, 0.275 mg/kg of TA; 4) SFS, 1.375 mg/kg of TA; and 5) SFS, 2.750 mg/kg of TA. Bulk densities of DRS and SFS were 0.48 and 0.36 kg/L, respectively. Diets contained 70.6% grain sorghum (DM basis). One hundred fifty crossbred steers (336 kg of BW) were used in a 115-d finishing experiment to evaluate treatment effects on feedlot performance. Body weight gain averaged 1.49 kg/d and was not affected (P = 0.47) by treatments. The SFS reduced (P 0.20) cattle growth performance or NE(m) or NE(g) value of the diet. Given that the NE(m) and NE(g) values of DRS are 2.00 and 1.35 Mcal/kg, respectively (NRC, 1996), the corresponding values for SFS were 2.28 and 1.59 Mcal/kg. Five steers (397 kg of BW) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to evaluate treatment effects on digestive function. Ruminal digestion of OM and starch was greater (14 and 16%, respectively; P 0.20) ruminal pH or VFA molar proportions. There was a cubic component (P < 0.10) to level of TA on ruminal pH and VFA molar proportions, with values being optimal at 1.375 mg/kg of tempering agent. It is concluded that steam-flaking grain sorghum will increase its NE value for maintenance and gain (14 and 18%, respectively) and enhance the MP value of the diet due to greater intestinal N digestion. The use of a TA to enhance the mechanical efficiency of the flaking process may not otherwise benefit the feeding value of sorghum.
Linear-systems analysis with FASP II

FASP is a user-oriented FORTRAN program for analysis of signal-flow-graph and related problems. The user's program consists of a specification of branch transmittances and requests for output. These outputs include root-locus plots, various time- and frequency-response plots, and formulas for transfer functions and time-response functions.
Multicomponent diffusion in basaltic melts

Abstract Experimental results are presented for eighteen experiments exploring multicomponent chemical-diffusion in basaltic liquids. Experiments were performed in Columbia River Basalt (CRB) composition doped with about 5 wt% SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , FeO, MgO, and CaO, under reducing conditions at 1 atm., at 1473 K, 1573 K, and 1723 K. Results indicate that diffusion behavior in CRB compositions is consistent with a simple Fick's law formulation. This Fickian behavior in CRB compositions contrasts with more complicated diffusion behavior observed in MgOAl 2 O 3 SiO 2 and CaOMgOAl 2 O 3 SiO 2 melts. Results of CRB experiments are combined to calibrate a diffusion matrix ( D ) in CRB liquids at 1473 K, 1573 K, and 1723 K. Our D estimates indicate negative coupling between CaO and both FeO and Al 2 O 3 components, though diagonal elements still dominate. These general features persist across the temperature range considered. Self- and tracer-diffusion data from the literature are used with the predictive model of Richter (1993) to estimate a D matrix at 1573 K. The resulting matrix does not compare well with our measured 1573 K diffusion matrix. It cannot be established if this discrepancy indicates a failure of the Richter (1993) model, or merely reflects deficiencies in the available tracer- and self-diffusion data, or limitations in the melt activity model. Effective Binary Diffusion Coefficients (EBDC) were also estimated for TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , FeO, MgO, and CaO at 1473 K, 1573 K, and 1723 K. These EBDC estimates are used to constrain a polythermal Arrhenian model for the prediction of EBDC values at super-liquidus temperatures. Results of experiments on alkali diffusion in CRB compositions are included to add Na 2 O and K 2 O to the polythermal EBDC model.
Global solutions and long-time behavior to a Fitzhugh-Nagumo myelinated axon model

A class of problems of the following form is considered: \[ \begin{gathered} u_t = u_{xx} - gu\quad x \in \mathbb{R}\backslash Z, \hfill \\ u_t = u_x (n + ,t) - u_x (n - ,t) + f(u) - w\quad x = n \in Z, \hfill \\ w_t = \sigma u - \gamma w\quad x = n \in Z, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] In particular, the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem is proved and the time evolution of solutions to the problem is studied. Such a system models an infinite, myelinated axon with discrete, excitable nodes spaced unit distance apart, and the model dynamics are of Fitzhugh–Nagumo type.
Assessing learning and development among diverse college students

This chapter examines the validity of college student self-reported gains by exploring the correspondence between self-reported gains and longitudinally assessed gains for diverse groups of students.
A Novel Approach to Reduce Waveguide Intersection Loss of HIC Materials

We have demonstrated a novel universal-waveguide crossing design to reduce intersection-loss in HIC PLCs. This design provides superior performance and feature-size-efficiency than existing designs. We have successfully applied the scheme to Delta = 1.5%, Delta = 17%, and SOI materials and verified experimentally on Delta = 1.5% material.
Two new classes of Boltzmann machines

ABSTRACT Two new classes of Boltzmann machines will be introduced in this paper. Theyare called Probabilistic Boltzmann Machine (PBM) and Automata Boltzmann Machine . (ABM) by the author. The ABM is further divided into union AEM, intersection ABM,and mixed AMB. The motivation of these development is to enhance the capability ofthe Boltzxnann machine family. These two new classes of machines are derived bycombining the automata neural network developed by the author, the stochastic neuralnetwork developed by the author, and the Boltzmann machine. 1 . INTRODUCTION Boltzmann machines (1,2] are neural networks whose behavior can be describedstatistically in terms of simple interactions between the units of the network. The training problem is that constructing an N-unit Boltzmann machine which behave according to a given distribution, P, where P is defined on the configurations ofthe Boltzmann machine (x1 ,. . . , xN) . It is well—known that given a irreducible Markov chain(3 I , the invariant distribution exists and can be found from the stochastictransition matrix. However, for Boltzmann machine, the invariant distribution can
Surface ``Priming'' for Layer-by-Layer Deposition: Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation on Allylamine Plasma-Modified Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

Allylamine plasma polymerization is reported as a method to surface-modify PTFE and to prepare substrates that promote layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes. Two conditions for the plasma polymerization that differ in radiofrequency power were studied. Both conditions (10 and 50 W) produce substrates that support layer-by-layer assembly, and well-defined multilayer structures are apparent in samples with greater than ∼10 layers. The substrates prepared at lower power yield more reproducible initial layer data; infrared spectra indicate a higher surface density of amine groups in the samples prepared at 10 W that likely leads to a higher surface charge density upon exposure to acidic aqueous solution. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) were used to construct multilayer assemblies. XPS and contact angle data indicate stratified layers. XPS analysis also indicates that the stoichiometry of the assembly process is two ammonium ions per sulfonate group and that the average i...
Vesicouterine fistula: A rare complication of vaginal birth after cesarean

Background Vesicouterine fistula is rare. We report a vesicouterine fistula that was the direct result of a vaginal delivery in a patient with a history of lower uterine segment cesarean delivery. Case A woman developed a vesicouterine fistula during vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean. An anterior uterine wall defect was noted immediately after the delivery. Continuous bladder drainage was unsuccessful in managing her fistula, and surgical correction was necessary. Conclusion Although rare, a vesicouterine fistula can occur as a complication of vaginal delivery in patients with a history of cesarean delivery.
Failure modes of American pacemakers—in vitro analysis

Abstract Diagnosis of impending cardiac pacemaker failure by non-invasive techniques is widely practiced in pacemaker clinics. In these clinics various parameters of the pacemaker wave form are measured by means of external electrodes, and certain changes in these parameters are regarded as an indication of impending battery depletion. The authors have participated in such a clinic for a number of years. 1 During that time, it has become apparent that the sensitivity of the parameters to battery voltage varies considerably between different models. This paper represents an attempt to quantitate externally measurable parameters of cardiac pacemakers for 19 different models manufactured by four American companies. These pacemakers are listed in Table I; effects of changing battery voltage and load resistance were measured and are shown in the table.
Optimization of Nb 3 Sn

Considerable progress has been made in the fabrication of large quantities of Nb 3 Sn multifilamentary wires, and a number of small and large magnets have been produced successfully using these wires. However, demands for increased critical-current densities J c in the medium magnetic field range (8-12 T) as well as at very high fields (16-20 T or greater) are now being made in order to reduce the cost and to increase the efficiencies of large machines (fusion reactors and high-energy particle accelerators). In order to help meet these demands, some improvements have recently been made in increasing J c of Nb 3 Sn, e.g., Ti additions to Nb 3 Sn. In this presentation, the characterization of Nb 3 Sn for physical properties (resistivity, lattice parameter, chemical compositions at the grain boundaries and in the bulk, etc.) and for microstructural and chemical properties will be reviewed and those properties which are particularly important in producing high values of J c will be discussed.
Output interference and the ranschburg effect

This study showed that inhibition in the recall of repeated elements, the Ranschburg Effect (RE), can be obtained when strings contain only one repetition of a single element and when one or two elements each are repeated one or more times. In some conditions the form, and in others the magnitude, of the RE was found to be different when strings were recalled in serial and reversed order; these results were taken to show that output interference contributes to the RE. The results of an attempt to demonstrate the contribution of stimulus recoding to the RE were equivocal.
Inheritance of the fittest mitochondria in yeast

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize their biochemical processes within organelles, which have specific functions that must be maintained for overall cellular health. As the site of aerobic energy mobilization and essential biosynthetic activities, mitochondria are critical for cell survival and proliferation. Here, we describe mechanisms to control the quality and quantity of mitochondria within cells with an emphasis on findings from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also describe how mitochondrial quality and quantity control systems that operate during cell division affect lifespan and cell cycle progression.
Synthesis of [2-{(4-chlorophenyl) (4-[125I]iodophenyl)} methoxyethyl]-1-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, [125I]CIPCA: A potential radiotracer for GABA uptake sites

The synthesis of racemic [2-{(4-Chlorophenyl)(4-iodophenyl)} methoxyethyl]-1-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, (CIPCA) and its radioiodinated analog [ 125 I]CIPCA is described. CIPCA was synthesized from 4-iodobenzoyl chloride in five steps in 16% overall yield. Ammonium sulfate catalyzed solid-state isotopic exchange of CIPCA with Na 125 I provided [ 125 I]CIPCA in 34% isolated radiochemical yield at a specific activity of 118 Ci/mmol. [ 125 I]CIPCA demonstrated moderate brain extraction and good in vivo radiostability in preliminary biodistribution studies conducted in CD-1 mice. [ 125 I]CIPCA is a potentially useful radiotracer for study of the GABA uptake system
Rearing of misid stages of Penaeus vannamei fed cultured algae of three species

Abstract Larvae of Penaeus vannamei were reared successfully (53% survival) on an algal diet through the mysid stages without the use of Artemia nauplii. Survival rate and developmental success of larvae fed Isochrysis sp. were superior to those of larvae fed the other algal species tested: Bacteriastrum hyalinum and Prorocentrum micans . Differences in percentage survival and developmental rate due to the effect of the different diets were significant at P
Nest-plugging: interference competition in desert ants (Novomessor cockerelli and Pogonomyrmex barbatus)

Pogonomyrmex barbatus and Novomessor cockerelli, sympatric species of harvester ants in the Lower Sonoran desert, compete for seed resources. This study reports on a method of interference competition. Early in the morning, before P. barbatus' activity period, N. cockerelli fills the nest entrances of P. barbatus with sand. This delays the beginning of the P. barbatus activity period for 1–3 h. P. barbatus colonies near N. cockerelli nests were more likely to be plugged. Nest-plugging shifts the typical daily sequence of P. barbatus activities, including the onset of foraging, forward towards midday, when high temperatures force the colony back inside the nest. P. barbatus colonies do not compensate for late emergence or events impeding foraging by increasing foraging rate. Thus nest-plugging by N. cockerelli decreases the foraging capacity of P. barbatus colonies.
Automatic Multi-Axis Slicing Based on Centroidal Axis Computation

A multi-axis adaptive slicing algorithm which can generate optimal slices to achieve deposition without support structures for multi-axis layered manufacturing is presented in this paper. Different from current adaptive slicing, this technique varies not only in layer thickness but also in slicing direction. Aware of potential problems of previous research on slicing, the work in this paper studied an innovative geometry reasoning and analysis tool-centroidal axis. Similar to medial axis, it contains geometry and topological information but is much computationally cheaper. Using a centroidal axis as a guide, the multi-axis slicing procedure is able to generate a “3-D” layer or change slicing direction as needed automatically to build the part with better surface quality. This paper presents various examples to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of centroidal axis and its usage in the multi-axis slicing process.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The role of cyclic nucleotides in atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated inhibition of aldosterone secretion.

Using freshly isolated bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells we examined the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on aldosterone secretion stimulated by agonists that use either the Ca2+-phosphoinositide or cAMP messenger system. In a continuous perifusion system, angiotensin II (All) induces a prompt initial rise in aldosterone secretion, followed by a sustained secretory response. Both phases of secretion are rapidly and independently inhibited by ANP. The role of two cyclic nucleotides, cGMP and cAMP, as mediators of this ANPinduced inhibition was examined. The effect of 8-bromo-cGMP (1–100 μM) or (Bu)2cGMP (1–50 μM) on the All-stimulated rate of secretion was studied in a perifusion system. Either analog, whether added early or late, maximally inhibited by 20–30% only the late or sustained phase of aldosterone secretion. The effect of ANP on cellular cAMP content was examined in a static incubation system. Although ANP caused a reduction in the cAMP content of cells stimulated with either ...
A Nitsche stabilized finite element method for frictional sliding on embedded interfaces. Part I: Single interface

Abstract We extend the weighted Nitsche’s method proposed in the first part of this study to include multiple intersecting embedded interfaces. These intersections arise either inside a computational domain – where two internal interfaces intersect; or on the boundary of the computational domain – where an internal interface intersects with the external boundary. We propose a variational treatment of both the interfacial kinematics and the external Dirichlet constraints within Nitsche’s framework. We modify the numerical analysis to account for these intersections and provide an explicit expression for the weights and the method parameters that arise in the Nitsche variational form in the presence of junctions. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the method for both perfectly-tied interfaces and perfectly-plastic sliding interfaces through several benchmark examples.
Glycosylation sites of influenza viral glycoproteins Tryptic glycopeptides from the A/WSN (H0N1) hemagglutinin glycoprotein

Abstract The glycosylation sites of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza A/WSN virus were investigated by analysis of tryptic glycopeptides separated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Five major classes of glycosylated tryptic peptides were obtained from the HA1 subunit, and a single major glycosylated peptide was obtained from the HA2 subunit. Amino acid sequence analyses indicated that three of the tryptic glycopeptides were each obtained from a distinct glycosylation site on the HA glycoprotein molecule. The oligosaccharides linked to each glycopeptide class were characterized by radiolabeling with various sugar precursors, gel filtration analysis of Pronase digests, and determination of their susceptibility to cleavage by endoglycosidase H. The results indicate that complex oligosaccharides are present in three of the tryptic glycopeptides obtained from HA1 as well as the glycopeptide obtained from HA2. One of the tryptic glycopeptides of HA1 contains a typical high-mannose oligosaccharide, whereas another HA, glycopeptide contains oligosaccharides that have characteristics intermediate between those of typical complex and high-mannose chains. The various tryptic glycopeptides also exhibit differences in extent of sulfation, and nonsulfated and nonsulfated forms of the same glycopeptides appear to be separable by ion exchange chromatography. Affinity chromatography on immobilized plant lectins indicated that each tryptic glycopeptide contained oligosaccharides that were heterogeneous in their exact structures.
Results of a Pilot Test of a Brief Computer-Assisted Tailored HIV Prevention Intervention for Use with a Range of Demographic and Risk Groups

There is a need for brief HIV prevention interventions that can be disseminated and implemented widely. This article reports the results of a small randomized field experiment that compared the relative effects of a brief two-session counselor-delivered computer-tailored intervention and a control condition. The intervention is designed for use with African-American, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic males and females who may be at risk of HIV through unprotected sex, selling sex, male to male sex, injecting drug use or use of stimulants. Participants (n = 120) were recruited using a quota sampling approach and randomized using block randomization, which resulted in ten male and ten female participants of each racial/ethnic group (i.e. African-American, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic) being assigned to either the intervention or a control arm. In logistic regression analyses using a generalized estimating equations approach, at 3-month followup, participants in the intervention arm were more likely than participants in the control arm to report condom use at last sex (Odds ratio [OR] = 4.75; 95 % Confidence interval [CI] = 1.70–13.26; p = 0.003). The findings suggest that a brief tailored intervention may increase condom use. Larger studies with longer followups are needed to determine if these results can be replicated.
Can anatomical left ventricular mass be estimated reliably by M-mode echocardiography? A clinicopathological study of ninety-three patients.

To evaluate the accuracy ofM-mode echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular mass, we compared various echocardiography-derived regression equations for left ventricular mass to postmortem left ventricular weights in 93 patients (mean age 68 ± 11 years) who had autopsy within 30 days of technically adequate two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography and who had normal left ventricular shape. The left ventricle was enlarged in 36 patients (39%) and was involved by chronic ischemic disease in 48 patients (52%). Only a modest correlation was found between M-mode echocardiography and anatomical left ventricular mass (range of correlation coefficients, 0.58 to 0.67). Each echocardiography formula demonstrated increasing deviations as left ventricular mass increased. A previously suggested correction formula lessened overestimation, but considerable data dispersion remained. Regional wall-motion abnormalities, present in 22%, did not affect the correlation. We conclude that M-mode echocardiography, performed with standard methods, does not reliably estimate anatomical left ventricular mass, especially in patients with large hearts. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, January 1991)
Respiratory muscle recruitment in awake ponies during exercise and CO2 inhalation.

We measured respiratory muscle electromyograms (EMG), inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) airflow patterns and functional residual capacity (FRC) in six ponies at rest, during treadmill walking at 1.8 mph-5, 10, and 15% grades, and during 2, 4, and 6% CO2 inhalation. There were several similarities in the responses to exercise and CO2 inhalation. The shapes of the I and E flow patterns were not changed appreciably from the respective control patterns during either condition. Mean diaphragm EMG increased from control (P 0.10) during either condition. Exercise did not have an effect (P > 0.05) on FRC, and there was only a slight (P < 0.05) increase in FRC (100 ml or 2%) during 6% CO2 inhalation. Based on the fact that we did not find major differences between exercise and CO2 inhalation in mean diaphragm and transversus abdominis EMG, I and E flow patterns, and FRC we conclude that factor(s) other than the ventilatory stimulus and the non-ventilatory functions of the respiratory muscles are important determinants of the pony's respiratory muscle recruitment pattern under these conditions.
Synergistic trace metal effects in plants

Abstract An experiment was conducted in Yolo loam soil with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen) with single and combination treatments of moderately high levels of Cd, Li, Cu, and Ni to test whether or not effects could be additive or synergistic. Copper and Ni together were more toxic than either alone. Copper, Ni, and Cd were more toxic together than any one alone. These effects were probably additive and may be related to a 0.2 pH change caused by Cu which increased uptake of Ni and Mn. Synergistic effects were observed in the Cd and Ni concentrations, especially in the stems of the plants. Because of these interactions, the effects were then tested in solution culture. In solution culture with bush beans Cu and Ni when applied together had synergistic effects on plant concentrations of P, Zn, and Fe (all were decreased) and on the Ni concentration in roots. Also, in solution culture with (2.5 × 10‐5 M) Zn, Cu, and Cd added singly, in pairs, and together, Zn and Cu additively d...
Surveillance in an abruptly changing world via multiarmed bandits

We study a path planning problem in an environment that is abruptly changing due to the arrival of unknown spatial events. The objective of the path planning problem is to collect the data that is most evidential about the events. We formulate this problem as a multiarmed bandit (MAB) problem with Gaussian rewards and change points, and address the fundamental tradeoff between learning the true event (exploration), and collecting the data that is most evidential about the true event (exploitation). We extend the switching-window UCB algorithm for MAB problems with bounded rewards and change points to the context of correlated Gaussian rewards and develop the switching-window UCL (SW-UCL) algorithm. We extend the SW-UCL algorithm to an adaptive SW-UCL algorithm that utilizes statistical change detection to adapt the SW-UCL algorithm. We also develop a block SW-UCL algorithm that reduces the number of transitions among arms in the SW-UCL algorithm, and is more amenable to robotic applications.
Doing the best for one’s child: satisficing versus optimizing parentalism

The maxim “parents should do what is in the best interests of their child” seems like an unassailable truth, and yet, as I argue here, there are serious problems with it when it is taken seriously. One problem concerns the sort of demands such a principle places on parents; the other concerns its larger social implications when conceived as part of a national policy for the rearing of children. The theory of parenting that creates these problems I call “optimizing parentalism.” To avoid them, I define and defend a new and more morally appealing theory, “satisficing parentalism.”
Analytical models for the frequency response of multi-layer graphene nanoribbon interconnects

Analytical models for frequency response of multilayer graphene interconnects are obtained by a general multi-conductor analysis approach. The dependence of frequency response on the number of layers is studied for two types of contacts: top and side contacts. Although virtually all experiments on multi-layer graphene use top contacts that couple only to the top layer, the analytical models available consider side contacts that couple to all the layers. It is shown that for side contacts, the frequency response improves continuously with number of layers, unlike the top contacts, which show very little improvement beyond a few layers. The delay and energy-delay-product obtained from the frequency response are minimized at some optimal number of layers, which is dependent on the interconnect length.
Development and oviposition of Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (coleoptera, silvanidae) on seven species of fungi

Abstract Development and oviposition of the foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl), were studied on pure cultures of seven species of fungi. The insects developed on Aspergillus amstelodami (Mangin) Thom and Church, Penicillium citrinum Thom, and a Cladosporium sp. but not on A flavus Link, A. niger Van Tiegham, or A. ochraceus Wilhelm; a few larvae reached the adult stage on A. candidus Link. Females preferred to oviposit in the fungi where larval development was successful, in both no-choice and 3-choice tests.
Exposure to Erotic Stimuli and Sexual Deviance

Samples of convicted male rapists, pedophiles, homosexuals, transsexuals, heavy pornography users, and to a community control group were interviewed to assess experience with erotic material in photographs, films, and books, during adolescence and adulthood. Adolescent exposure to erotica was significantly less for all nonheterosexual and offender groups compared to the controls. During adulthood, the sex offenders and transsexuals continued to report less exposure to erotic stimuli than controls. The homosexuals and users, however, both report greater exposure during adulthood. Less than a quarter of the respondents in any group imitated sexual behavior seen in the erotic material immediately or shortly after its' viewing. The hypothesis that extent of exposure to erotica during adolescence is positively associated with the later emergence of sexual pathology is not borne out by this study. The control groups sampled had significantly greater exposure to erotic materials during adolescence than the deviants, convicted sex offenders, or heavy adult users of pornography. Language: en
Pollen limitation in an experimental population of the wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum

Experimental hand-pollinations were performed on a sample of wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum, to determine whether female reproductive success was pollen limited. Fruit set was found to increase with receipt of supplemental pollen, but seed set did not. These results contradict findings in another Raphanus species but are expected if seeds are aborted or matured in packages. Key words: pollen limitation, Raphanus raphanistrum, female fitness.
Atomic Layer Deposition of UV‐Absorbing ZnO Films on SiO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles Using a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to apply conformal, nanothick ZnO coatings on particle substrates using a fluidized bed reactor. Diethylzinc (DEZ) and water were used as precursors at 177 °C. Observed growth rates were ca. 2.0 A/cycle on primary particles as verified by HRTEM. ICP-AES and XPS were used to quantify Zn:substrate ratios. Layers of 6, 18, and 30 nm were deposited on 550 nm SiO2 spheres for UV blocking cosmetics particles. TiO2 nanoparticles were coated in the second part of this work by ZnO shells of 2, 5, and 10 nm thickness as novel inorganic sunscreen particles. The specific surface area of powders changed appropriately after nanothick film deposition using optimized conditions, signifying that high SA particles can be functionalized without agglomeration. The ZnO layers were polycrystalline as deposited and narrowing of the FWHM occurred upon annealing. Annealing the ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite powder to 600 °C caused the formation of zinc titanate (Zn2TiO4) in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-deficient environments. The non-ideal surface behavior of the DEZ precursor became problematic for the much longer times required for high surface area nanoparticle processing and results in Zn-rich films at this growth temperature. In situ mass spectrometry provides process control capability to functionalize bulk quantities of nano- and ultrafine particles without significant precursor waste or process overruns. ZnO overlayers can be efficiently deposited on the surfaces of primary particles using ALD processing in a scalable fluidized bed reactor.
Anole: A Case for Energy-Aware Mobile Application Design

Battery lifetime, which is one of the most significant user experiences for mobile devices, strongly restricts the functional design of hardware architecture and applications. Among all the aspects of energy saving for mobile devices, energy-aware application design is one of the main areas that has not yet been explored comprehensively. In this paper, we argue for the case for energy-aware mobile application design since there is pretty large space for energy saving on applications and we believe this is a promising area for future energy saving on mobile devices. To support energy aware mobile application design, we propose a framework called Anole, aiming to add an energy adaptation layer by providing a set of APIs and adaptation policies. Our experiments with two applications on Android show that Anole is able to save a large amount of energy by triggering applications to change states accordingly.
Evaluation of the Oral Bioavailability of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Formulated With Glycyrrhetinic Acid as Permeation Enhancer

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the agent of choice for anticoagulant therapy and prophylaxis of thrombosis and coronary syndromes. However, its therapeutic use is limited due to poor oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral delivery of LMWH, ardeparin formulated with 18-beta glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), as an alternative to currently used subcutaneous (sc) delivery. Drug transport through Caco-2 cell monolayers was monitored in the presence and absence of GA by scintillation counting and transepithelial electrical resistance. Regional permeability studies using rat intestine were performed using a modified Ussing chamber. Cell viability in the presence of various concentrations of enhancer was determined by MTT assay. The absorption of ardeparin after oral administration in rats was measured by an anti-factor Xa assay. Furthermore, the eventual mucosal epithelial damage was histologically evaluated. Higher ardeparin permeability (~7-fold) compared to control was observed in the presence of 0.02 % GA. Regional permeability studies indicated predominant absorption in the duodenal segment. Cell viability studies showed no significant cytotoxicity below 0.01 % GA. Ardeparin oral bioavailability was significantly increased (F(relative)/(S.C). = 13.3%) without causing any damage to the intestinal tissues. GA enhanced the oral absorption of ardeparin both in vitro and in vivo. The oral formulation of ardeparin with GA could be absorbed in the intestine. These results suggest that GA may be used as an absorption enhancer for the oral delivery of LMWH.
Determination of microgram quantities of protein in the presence of milligram levels of lipid with amido black 10B.

A method which is capable of accurately determining low amounts of protein (i.e., 2-24 micrograms) in the presence of very high levels of lipid (i.e., 20-40 mg) has been developed. The procedure was developed from the original amido black 10B protein assay of Schaffner and Weissmann (W. Schaffner and C. Weissmann, 1973, Anal. Biochem. 56, 502-514) and incorporates several critical modifications that enable the assay to be performed with lipid-containing samples without interference. The modifications include a substantial increase in the assay volume (thereby decreasing the final lipid concentration) as well as the sodium dodecyl sulfate and trichloroacetic acid concentrations. Under these conditions, a linear standard curve is obtained with 2-24 micrograms of bovine serum albumin in both the absence and the presence of lipid (20 mg). Moreover, the assay is unaffected by as much as 40 mg of lipid in the original sample. Linearity as well as noninterference by lipid (20 mg) is also demonstrated with a sample of mitochondrial protein (i.e., a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins). Additionally, we show that in the presence of protein (20 micrograms) and lipid (20 mg), high concentrations of various buffers, salts, and nonionic detergents do not interfere with the assay. Finally, the enhanced ability of this new method to tolerate high lipid levels without interference relative to several existing protein estimation methods is demonstrated. This procedure should prove widely useful for measuring protein in reconstituted systems involving proteoliposomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proteostasis regulation at the endoplasmic reticulum: a new perturbation site for targeted cancer therapy

To deal with the constant challenge of protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), eukaryotic cells have evolved an ER protein quality control (ERQC) mechanism that is integrated with an adaptive stress response. The ERQC pathway is comprised of factors residing in the ER lumen that function in the identification and retention of aberrantly folded proteins, factors in the ER membrane for retrotranslocation of misfolded polypeptides, and enzymes in the cytosol that degrade retrotranslocated proteins. The integrated stress response (termed ER stress or unfolded protein response, UPR) contains several signaling branches elicited from the ER membrane, which fine-tune the rate of protein synthesis and entry into the ER to match the ER folding capacity. The fitness of the cell, particularly those bearing a high secretory burden, is critically dependent on functional integrity of the ER, which in turn relies on these stress-attenuating mechanisms to maintain protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. Aberrant proteostasis can trigger cellular apoptosis, making these adaptive stress response systems attractive targets for perturbation in treatment of cell malignancies. Here, we review our current understanding of how the cell preserves ER proteostasis and discuss how we may harness the mechanistic information on this process to develop new cancer therapeutics.
Nitrogen and water management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching under irrigated maize

Abstract Cropping systems that fail to integrate nitrogen (N) water management are frequently associated with elevated concentrations of nitrate-N in soil and groundwater. Examples of poorly integrated management practices are abundant, especially where irrigation is used to minimize the effects of drought and N fertilizer is inexpensive. Two maize fields under improved water and N management practices at the Nebraska Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) project were compared with an adjacent field under conventional furrow irrigation that followed management guidelines mandated by the local Natural Resources District. Surge-flow furrow irrigation with laser grading and a runoff-water recovery system reduced water application by 45–69% compared to conventional furrow irrigation over the three years of this study. Center-pivot sprinkler irrigation reduced water application by 60–72% compared to conventional furrow irrigation. Uniformity of water application was improved with the surge-flow and sprinkler irrigation systems, which made it reasonable to consider adding fertilizer N in the water (fertigation) to meet crop needs. The spoon-feeding strategy, based on chlorophyll meter readings to schedule fertigation, saved 168 kg ha t1 N the first year and 105 kg ha −1 N the second year without reducing yields. Near total reliance of fertigation to meet crop N needs resulted in a 15% yield reduction the second year because spatial variability in soil N status made it difficult to collect representative chlorophyll meter data. Plot studies showed chlorophyll meter readings and yields were consistently higher for maize following soybean than where maize was grown in monoculture.
Workplace Friendship in the Electronically Connected Organization

This study examined information communication technologies and workplace friendship dynamics. Employees reported factors that influenced their initiation of friendship with a coworker and reported patterns and perceptions of communication with their workplace friend via different communication methods. Results indicated that personality, shared tasks, and perceived similarity are the most important factors to coworker friendship initiation, and the importance of physical proximity to workplace friendship is diminishing in the electronically connected workplace. Results confirm the primacy of face-to-face interaction for workplace friendship initiation and maintenance. E-mail, phone, and texting were also central to communication among workplace friends. The amount of time spent telecommuting affected workplace friendship initiation and communication. Finally, generational differences were identified with respect to Internet-based communication methods.
Mark J. Allman and Tobias L. Winright, After the Smoke Clears: The Just War Tradition and Post War Justice

(2011). Mark J. Allman and Tobias L. Winright, After the Smoke Clears: The Just War Tradition and Post War Justice. Political Theology: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 484-486.