cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unitary genuine principal series of the metaplectic group

This research was supported by NSF grants DMS 0554278 and DMS 0201944. The goal of this paper is to present some recent progress on the classification of the unitary genuine irreducible representations of the metapectic group. The focus is on Langlands quotients of genuine minimal principal series of Mp(2n); our main result is an embedding of the set of unitary parameters of such representations into the union of spherical unitary parameters for certain split orthogonal groups. The latter are known from [Ba1], hence we obtain the non-unitarity of a large (conjecturally complete) set of parameters for Langlands quotients of genuine principal series of Mp(2n). For the pseudospherical case, this result already appears in [ABPTV]. The authors of [ABPTV] prove that a similar embedding holds for all nontrivial coverings of simple split groups, but they restrict their attention to the pseudospherical case. In this paper, the emphasis is exclusively on Mp(2n), but the pseudospherical restriction is removed. In the specific example of the pseudospherical principal series of Mp(2n), the embedding in [ABPTV] turns out to be a bijection. We conjecture that this result holds for all genuine principal series of Mp(2n), and provide some evidence for this claim. Let G = Mp(2n) be the (unique) nontrivial two-fold cover of the symplectic group Sp(2n,R). Choose a minimal parabolic subgroup of Sp(2n,R), and let MA be the inverse image of its Levi factor in Mp(2n). Then M is a finite abelian group of order 2 and A is a vector group. For every irreducible representation δ of M and every character ν of A, we choose a nilpotent group N such that MAN is the inverse image of a minimal parabolic subgroup of Sp(2n,R), and ν is weakly dominant for the positive root system determined by N . The representation δ ⊗ ν of MA can be regarded as a representation of MAN , with N acting trivially. The corresponding induced representation is a principal series representation ofMp(2n), denoted
Binding and biologic activity of diethylstilbestrol in the hamster: influence of a serum component on estrogen receptor binding and estrogenic activity

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the biological activity and estrogen receptor (Re) binding affinity of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and estradiol (E 2 ). Uterine weight response and cytosolic progesterone receptor (Rp) induction were equivalent following daily (3 days) injections of DES or E 2 to ovariectomized animals. The biological equivalence of DES and E 2 was not reflected by competition assays done with either uterine cytosolic or nuclear Re: the relative binding affinity (RBA) of DES to cytosolic Re was 46 ± 5.3 and to nuclear Re was 380 ± 42 compared to E 2 (100). The RBAs of estrone, estriol and enclomiphene with cytosolic or nuclear Re were not significantly different. Further studies showed that this discrepancy in RBA of DES between cytosolic and nuclear Re could not be attributed to salt concentration but could be mimicked by addition of serum to nuclear Re preparations. The RBA of DES done with ammonium sulfate precipitated cytosolic Re approached that observed for nuclear Re. Gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S-300) of serum bound tritiated DES was shown to coelute with bovine serum albumin. These results suggest that a serum component (tentatively identified as albumin) can bind DES and cause a decrease in in vitro binding affinity and a reduction in biological activity in vivo .
Addressing conflicts of interest in nanotechnology oversight: lessons learned from drug and pesticide safety testing

Financial conflicts of interest raise significant challenges for those working to develop an effective, transparent, and trustworthy oversight system for assessing and managing the potential human health and ecological hazards of nanotechnology. A recent paper in this journal by Ramachandran et al., J Nanopart Res, 13:1345–1371 (2011) proposed a two-pronged approach for addressing conflicts of interest: (1) developing standardized protocols and procedures to guide safety testing; and (2) vetting safety data under a coordinating agency. Based on past experiences with standardized test guidelines developed by the international Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and implemented by national regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), we argue that this approach still runs the risk of allowing conflicts of interest to influence toxicity tests, and it has the potential to commit regulatory agencies to outdated procedures. We suggest an alternative approach that further distances the design and interpretation of safety studies from those funding the research. In case the two-pronged approach is regarded as a more politically feasible solution, we also suggest three lessons for implementing this strategy in a more dynamic and effective manner.
Fluid compartmentation in skeletal muscle and carcass of Mus musculus acclimated to water scarcity.

1. 1. Total water (TW), and extracellular water (ECW) (as sodium and chloride space) were determined in skeletal muscle and carcass of Mus musculus acclimated to long-term water shortage. 2. 2. The presence of fat in control mice and those in early stages of acclimation resulted in an apparent increase in TW and ECW as acclimation proceeded. 3. 3. In contrast, fluid volumes per fat-free weight were either unchanged from controls or reduced. 4. 4. Sodium space exceeded chloride space. 5. 5. Muscle and carcass had essentially the same pattern of fluid shifts. 6. 6. We conclude that ECW maintenance is a preeminent component of the acclimation process in this species.
Effect of geminal substitution on the strain energy of dioxiranes. Origin of the low ring strain of dimethyldioxirane.

The strain energies (SE) for dioxirane (DO) dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) and related dioxiranes have been examined by several methods using high-level computational schemes (G2, G2(MP2), CBS-Q). A series of calculated O−O, C−O, and O−H bond dissociation energies (G2) point to special problems associated with classical homodesmotic reactions involving peroxides. The relative SEs of DO, DMDO, methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO), and difluorodioxirane (DFDO) have been estimated by combination of the dioxirane with cyclopropane to form the corresponding 1,3-dioxacyclohexane. The relative SE predicted for DMDO (2) is 7 kcal/mol lower than that of DO, while the SE of 1,1-difluorodioxirane (4) is 8 kcal/mol higher. The most reactive dioxirane, methyl (trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (3), has an estimated SE just 1 kcal/mol greater than that of DO but 8 kcal/mol greater than that of DMDO. Six independent methods support the proposed SE for DO of 18 kcal/mol. The SE of the parent dioxirane (DO) has been estimated relati...
Intravenous Hexamethonium Sensitivity and Responses to Oral Treatment

This study represents an effort to distinguish between neurogenic and humoral vasoconstrictive factors in a representative group of hypertensive patients by the response to hexamethonium ganglionic blockade. The correlation between intravenous hexamethonium sensitivity and subsequent treatment response was also determined.
Enhanced fit through institutional interplay in the Pacific Northwest Salmon co-management regime

Abstract This article examines the dynamic institutional landscape of Pacific salmon management and allocation in Washington State, focusing on tribal efforts to enhance fit through institutional interplay. Affirming rights reserved by Northwest Indian tribes in treaties signed in the 1850s, the courts established a framework for the co-management of salmon by state and tribal governments. Within this structure, tribal efforts have significantly enhanced the fit between management institutions and natural systems. This has occurred through institutional changes in the production of knowledge for management, linking local, regional and international allocation processes, altering the mandates of existing institutions and creating new ones with more salmon-centric agendas.
Bacterial expression, purification, and characterization of rat hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase STa.

Hydroxysteroid (alcohol) sulfotransferase catalyzes numerous reactions that are important to our understanding of the metabolism of both endogenous steroids and exogenous alcohols. Here we report a method for prokaryotic expression and rapid purification of the recombinant hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase STa, a major isoform of hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase in the rat. The cDNA encoding STa was cloned into a pET-3c vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. After disruption of the cells by sonication, the enzyme was purified in one step by affinity chromatography on adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate-agarose. The purified recombinant STa had a relative molecular mass on SDS-PAGE that was identical with the native hepatic STa in rat liver. The expressed enzyme displayed similar substrate inhibition characteristics with dehydroepiandrosterone as have been noted previously with the native enzyme purified from rat liver. Furthermore, the catalytic efficiency in sulfation of 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene, as well as the stereoselectivity of sulfation of the enantiomers of 1-phenyl-1-heptanol and 1-naphthyl-1-ethanol, catalyzed by the recombinant STa were consistent with characteristics of the STa isolated from rat liver.
Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty: An Extended Time Series Analysis

Prompted by a number of important recent Supreme Court decisions, the last few years have witnessed a renewed research interest in the deterrent effect of the death penalty for murder. There has been an attempt by sociologists and economists, to overcome the shortcomings of the classic investigations in this area [1–6]. Recent studies, however, are not without some important limitations [7–10]. The possible implications of one of these limitations–the level of aggregation used in these studies–is discussed in this paper, and an alternative type of analysis is presented in examining the deterrence hypothesis of an inverse relationship between states' levels of execution and homicide rates. Contrary to the hypothesis, a series of multiple regression analyses, utilizing different models of the execution rate-homicide rate relationship fails to provide general support for the deterrence argument. Analysis shows a few select sociodemographic factors (income, education, unemployment, urban population, race) to ...
Why leave India for America? A case study approach to understanding migrant behaviour.

Money is only one of many factors which motivate Indians to leave India to come to the US. Considerations vary according to the particular stage one is in concerning family development. These decision points occur when one has to decide whether to leave or stay; the factors to consider differ at each point. Decision points generally come when consideration has to be made as to: 1) where one will obtain a university education 2) where to obtain on-the-job training 3) where children should be raised 4) where the best career opportunities are and 5) where retirement should be spent. The decision is often made on perceptions and stereotypes rather than accurate information. In India unlike the US the unit of consideration is the family. The concern is how the family will be affected. Emigration becomes a goal for the belief develops that going abroad in and of itself is enhancement. In addition the potential emigrant develops an unrealistic view of what life is like abroad and what to expect.
Variability of Subspecialty-Specific Anesthesia-Controlled Times at Two Academic Institutions

Realistic scheduling of operating room cases decreases costs, optimizes utilization and improves staff and patient satisfaction. Currently limited data exists to establish anesthesia-controlled time benchmarks based on specific subspecialty service. In this multicenter retrospective analysis of cases performed during a 53 month period at two large multispecialty academic institutions, data were retrieved from the perioperative information systems at each center. Both induction and emergence times were calculated. We then determined mean and median anesthesia controlled times based on each subspecialty service and compared them to previously published anesthesia-controlled time data. We obtained data on 104,184 cases at hospital A, and 122,560 cases at Hospital B. For all specialties at hospital A and hospital B, median induction time was 16.0 min and 17.0 min, emergence time was 14.0 and 8.0 min, and total anesthesia controlled time was 31.0 min and 27.0 min respectively. There was considerable variability among different surgical specialties deviating from the previously established 30 min benchmark. Subspecialties with lower total anesthesia controlled times in both centers were pain, general surgery, gynecology, plastic surgery and urology. Subspecialties with higher total anesthesia controlled times in both centers included cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, transplant and vascular. Cardiac surgery had the highest total time of 60 min and 50 min at Hospital A and B respectively. Individual specialty-specific anesthesia controlled times should be used for case scheduling and to benchmark anesthesia performance.
The postprocessual condition

Previous evaluations of postprocessual archaeology have regarded it more as a critique of processual archaeology than as a viable research program. Today this statement needs to be modified to account for the diversity of frameworks that have grown up within and adjacent to the early postprocessual formulations. These new approaches include various admixtures of structural Marxism, poststructuralism, critical theory, and feminism. Significant philosophical differences separate some of these positions, but rather than being debilitating, the active exploration of these areas holds out new possibilities and prospects both for linking archaeology more securely to the other social sciences and for making unique contributions to the nature of social theory.
Alpha-beta discrimination liquid scintillation counting for uranium and its daughters

Advances in liquid scintillation counting (LSC) technologies, such as imporved scintillation cocktail formulations and alpha-beta radiation discrimination, make LSC suitable for applications in uranium process chemistry. Ease of use, low cost, and the huge dynamic range of LSC are distinct advantages for analytical support of actinide processing. All uranium isotopes decay primarily with alpha radiation emission. The immediate short-lived daughters of238U are234Th and234Pa. These nuclides are beta emitters having energy bands that overlap the uranium bands in a liquid scintillation spectrum. The resolution of these overlapping bands by alpha-beta radiation discrimination is useful for uranium quantification and purity verification. Protactinium-234 is a high-energy beta emitter that can be further identified and quantified from it's Cherenkov radiation. Energy spectra were collected on the Packard 2500AB liquid scintillator analyzer for uranyl solutions in diisopropylnaphthalene and pseudocumene based scintillator cocktails. Calibration curves were prepared for nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acid media. Base titrations demonstrated the effect of acid quenching on those system. Ion exchange and water soluble polymer extraction studies are readily followed using liquid scintillation methods.
Sensitivity to digitalis drugs in acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Tolerance for digitalis during acute myocardial infarction was evaluated by acetyl strophanthidin testing. Fifty-four patients hospitalized in a coronary care unit were studied within 48 hours of admission; continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and the rapid onset in activity of acetyl strophanthidin allowed a precise titration of druginduced arrhythmias. The dose schedule was 0.1 to 0.2 mg every 5 to 6 minutes. Tolerance for 1.0 mg of acetyl strophanthidin or the emergence of gastrointestinal symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of early digitalis intoxication with 1.0 mg or less constituted the test procedure. Forty-eight of the patients (89 percent) tolerated a full dose of acetyl strophanthidin; ventricular ectopic mechanisms developed in only 3 patients (6.0 percent of those receiving 1.0 mg). An increase in blood pressure followed administration of acetyl strophanthidin in 32 (59.3 percent) of the 54 patients. These data suggest that the large majority of patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure can safely be treated with digitalis drugs.
Impact of Eradication Programs on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Plum pox virus on Prunus spp. in Pennsylvania and Ontario, Canada.

The goals of this research were to quantify the impacts of the Pennsylvania and Ontario Plum pox virus (PPV) eradication programs on the spatial and temporal dynamics of PPV epidemics on Prunus spp. The incidence of PPV-positive trees detected over time decreased in both Pennsylvania (−ln 0.85 units per year) and Ontario (−ln 0.51 units per year); however, PPV incidence per year decreased only 60% as fast in Ontario as in Pennsylvania. Marked point pattern analysis revealed that PPV-positive Prunus blocks in Pennsylvania were clustered for distances of 0.7 to 4.3 km, whereas PPV-positive blocks in Ontario were clustered for distances of 1.0 to 25.0 km. Multiyear spatiotemporal analyses revealed that the locations of PPV-positive blocks detected were spatially dependent upon the locations of PPV-positive blocks detected during the previous year. In Pennsylvania, between 2002 and 2006, distances to 95% of newly detected PPV-positive blocks occurred within 10 and 20 km from the previous year’s PPV-positive b...
Using an unmanned aircraft to observe black carbon aerosols during a prescribed fire at the RxCADRE campaign

Black carbon (BC) aerosols impact the earth's climate by absorbing solar radiation in the atmosphere and depositing on ice surfaces and lowering the albedo of those surfaces. Black carbon aerosols have been widely studied; however, using small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for the airborne study of the vertical and horizontal concentrations of BC is new territory. Using UAS to study BC poses some challenges due to size and weight restrictions of the aircraft, as well as issues that arise when adapting ground based instrumentation for use on different aircraft. University of Alaska Fairbanks researchers successfully integrated and flew a microAeth AE-51 on a Boeing ScanEagle to measure the concentration of BC and other absorbing and scattering particles during a prescribed fire experiment, RxCADRE, conducted at Eglin AFB, FL, during October and November 2012. The microAeth successfully collected black carbon aerosols in the smoke plume when the Boeing ScanEagle UAS encountered the plume.
Consumer valuation of foreign and domestic vehicle attributes: Econometric analysis and implications for auto demand

Abstract Previous models of vehicle type choice have assumed that consumer valuation of vehicle attributes was consistent across foreign and domestic vehicles. In this paper, we present a model that allows for different attribute valuations between foreign and domestic vehicles. The model was estimated using national data on households who purchased new vehicles in the fall of 1979 and the spring of 1980. The estimation results indicate the presence of a substantial difference in consumer valuation of attributes between foreign and domestic vehicles. Moreover, the results indicate that studies that ignore this difference will produce erroneous marginal rates of substitution and vehicle type choice elasticities, and will ultimately lead to a misinterpretation of household vehicle demand.
Effects of particle acidity and UV light on secondary organic aerosol formation from oxidation of aromatics in the absence of NOx

Abstract Recent laboratory observations have shown that particle acidity increases secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields. However, these studies have mainly focused on biogenic precursors such as isoprene and terpenes. In this paper, the effects of particle acidity on the SOA yields from aromatic precursors under both dark and UV–visible light conditions were characterized through controlled chamber experiments. SOA was produced from oxidation of toluene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (135-TMB) with OH radicals created by ozonolysis of 2-methyl-2-butene (MB). Particle acidity, described with proton concentrations, varied with inorganic seed aerosol composition and humidity (20–52%). Overall, in the presence of acidic seeds, greater increases in SOA yields were observed for the toluene system than the 135-TMB system. UV irradiation reduced SOA yields for both toluene and 135-TMB systems to different extents.
Ultrasonic beam transmission at the interface between an isotropic and a transversely isotropic solid half-space

Abstract The analytical problem of transmission of an ultrasonic beam from a homogeneous, isotropic elastic half-space into a homogeneous, transversely isotropic half-space is addressed. The problem considered is fully three-dimensional, with the assumptions of arbitrary angles of incidence and arbitrary orientation of the transversely isotropic material symmetry axis relative to the x 2 = 0 boundary. Both asymptotic and exact numerical evaluation of the transmitted beam integral representations are presented for physical parameters representing transmission into columnar-grained steels and fibre-reinforced composites.
Variation of arterial compliance within the cardiac pressure pulse

Past investigations of in vivo arterial behavior have concentrated on determining material properties based upon the maximum and minimum pressure and diameter measured over a pulse cycle. A new in vivo technique, based upon continuous measurement of pressure and flow, has been developed to study arterial compliance throughout the pulse cycle. Compliance in the abdominal aorta of rats showed different behavior during the rising and falling portion of the pressure pulse. Previous investigations of canine arteries which used different methods are consistent with these findings. This study demonstrates the utility of a new measurement technique and shows some trends in compliance within the pulse cycle which have neither been revealed by static tests nor by dynamic tests which focused on pulse averaged values.
DECODING THE FEMALE EXODUS FROM COMPUTING EDUCATION

This study uses primary empirical data to better understand women's reasons for leaving undergraduate computer science and computer engineering education programs. It draws on social control theory to integrate student perspectives with structural considerations, demonstrating how secondhand knowledge of comparatively infrequent negative experiences achieves substantial immediacy and veracity among women students en masse, thereby contributing to increased attrition.
Histone variants, H1subtypes and other chromatin proteins as biomarkers of age and caloric restriction in rats

The synthesis and phosphorylation levels of basic chromatin proteins from cell cycle phases of dividing bone marrow cells in Fischer 344 rats were investigated by gel electrophoresis. Two groups of rats, young ad libitum (Y/A 3 mo.) and old ad libitum (O/AL 28 mo.), had free access to rat chow, and a third group of old rats was maintained on a calorie-restricted intake (O/CR 28 mo.). Histone H1 subtypes a, b and c from combined S+G2 phase revealed highest amounts of [3H] lysine incorporation in Y/AL, lowest in O/AL, and intermediate levels in O/CR animals, while subtypes e and I° were highest in O/AL, lowest in Y/AL, and mid level in O/CR. The 32p-orthophosphate incorporation of these subtypes followed a parallel scenario as with lysine. Histone H4 variants from S phase demonstrated the highest levels of lysine labeling in O/AL, lowest in Y/AL and intermediate levels in O/CR. The H1 variants were similar in synthesis patterns to H4 variants but less dramatic. Minor histone variants M2, M3 and M4 manifested most synthesis in O/AL, least in Y/AL and mid levels in O/CR. Conversely, M1 synthesis was high in Y/AL, low in O/AL and modest in O/CR. Ubiquitin followed a similar pattern in lysine labeling to M1 and A24 which was inversely proportional to ubiquitin. The metabolic activity of these basic proteins in O/CR exemplifies a condition characteristic of Y/AL animals modulated by age and diet dependent factors.
Linking Higher Education and the Public Schools

(1984). Linking Higher Education and the Public Schools. The Educational Forum: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 27-33.
New Approach to Nonequilibrium Processes

In this paper we propose a new model for the description of irreversible processes, which permits the construction of a Gibbs-type ensemble and the employment of the general techniques of statistical mechanics. The internal dynamics of the system that is engaged in the process is assumed to be described fully by its Hamiltonian. Its interaction with the driving reservoirs is described in terms of impulsive interactions (collisions). The reservoirs themselves possess definite temperatures, are inexhaustible, and free of internal gradients. The ensemble obeys an integro-differential equation in $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ space, containing both the terms of the Liouville equation and a stochastic integral term that describes the collisions with the reservoirs. It is shown in this paper (1) that the ensemble will approach canonical distribution in the course of time in the presence of a single driving reservoir, (2) that it will approach a stationary nonequilibrium distribution in the presence of several reservoirs at different temperatures, and (3) that in the latter case, and for small temperature differences, Onsager's reciprocal relations are satisfied by the stationary distribution.
When the Villain Steals the Show: The Character of Claudius in Post-1975 Arab(ic) Hamlet Adaptations

The character of Claudius dominates post-1975 Arabic adaptations of Shakespeare's Hamlet. After a brief survey of the twentieth-century Arab Hamlet tradition, this essay examines five recent Arab Hamlet plays. In four Arabic-language plays, a hypertrophied Claudius plainly allegorizes contemporary or recent regimes in Iraq, Syria, and Egypt. He displaces both Hamlet and the Ghost, who become weak characters. Recurrent animal imagery portrays him as literally a brute, lacking a conscience and impervious to reason. However, this essay argues, the plays are not "political in function": they do not work to build audience support for political change. Instead, Claudius' irresistible power demonstrates the futility of political action (in the Aristotelian sense), including political theatre. A recent Arab-themed Hamlet adaptation in English con firms the pattern but enlarges it to cover the international backers of the local tyrant. Rather than a call for political awakening, then, these five plays offer a dark meditation on the limits of politics.
Is Private Time Quality Time? A National Private–Public Comparison of Prison Quality

The prison privatization debate has thus far formed around both normative and empirical frameworks. Although not denying the importance of the debate over whether private prisons should exist, the ...
3‐Fluoro‐2,4,5‐triphenylfuran

The title compound, C22H15FO, is the first example of a crystallographically characterized fully substituted fluoro­furan. Although the F atom does not appear to participate in ar­yl–π attractions or classical hydrogen bonding, the title compound does contain four unique inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions that have an atom-to-centroid range of 3.53 (4)–3.64 (4) A. The phenyl ring located between the F and O atoms is only 9.55 (7)° from being coplanar with the furan ring, whereas the other aromatic planes form angles of 41.71 (1) and 20.45 (1)° with the ring.
The effect of corrective surgery on left heart volume and mass in children with ventricular septal defect

Abstract Quantitation of left ventricular and left atrial volume, left ventricular ejection fraction and muscle mass was performed in 23 patients an average of 2 years after successful closure of a ventricular septal defect. The results were contrasted with both preoperative and normal values. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume averaged 84 ± 3 cc/m 2 ( X ± SEM ) postoperatively and was significantly decreased (P
State-specific photofragment yield spectroscopy of jet-cooled methyl nitrite

Abstract We obtained state-specific photofragment yield (PHOFRY) spectra of jet-cooled CH3ONO in the S1 ← S0 absorption system by monitoring selected rotational levels in NO v = 0, 1 and 2. The spectra exhibit bands which are assigned to both the syn- and anti-rotamers with origins at 380 nm and 388 nm, respectively. All the bands are broad (500–800 cm−1) suggesting that the dissociation lifetimes are shorter than those obtained in dynamical calculations on model potential energy surfaces. The widths do not depend on the monitored NO rotational level. The results support a mechanism where nonadiabatic vibrational predissociation is preferred.
Lethal ‘Borders’ Elucidating Jurors’ Racialized Discipline to Punish in Latino Defendant Death Cases

The focus of this article is to investigate how Latino Americans have been historically racialized in popular culture, key state legislative iniatives, and jurors’ death sentencing decisions. While...
Digital forensics XML and the DFXML toolset

Digital Forensics XML (DFXML) is an XML language that enables the exchange of structured forensic information. DFXML can represent the provenance of data subject to forensic investigation, document the presence and location of file systems, files, Microsoft Windows Registry entries, JPEG EXIFs, and other technical information of interest to the forensic analyst. DFXML can also document the specific tools and processing techniques that were used to produce the results, making it possible to automatically reprocess forensic information as tools are improved. This article presents the motivation, design, and use of DFXML. It also discusses tools that have been creased that both ingest and emit DFXML files. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The Effect of Scanning Speed on Temperature and Equivalent Thermal Exposure Distributions During Ultrasound Hyperthermia In Vivo

Experiments on eight dogs using scanned, focused ultrasound to heat thighs in vivo were performed using extensive thermometry (56 thermocouples) to measure the temperahrre fields produced. The effects of scanning speed, bIood perfusion, and applied power level are investigated. The results show that the temperature fluctuations present at low scanning speeds can significantly enhance the equivalent thermal exposure of the tissue. A theoretical analysis substantiates the major experimental results.
What really are the best 100m performances

A quick and fun investigation into the effects of correcting for wind assistance/resistance and drag on 100m sprint performances. Considered are World 100m rankings, as well as Canadian rankings
Cellular DNA damage by nitrosocimetidine: A comparison with N-methyl-N′-nitroso-nitrosoguanidine and X-irradiation

Permanently proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and normal unstimulated peripheral blood leukocytes have been used to study the effects of nitrosocimetidine (NC) on cultured human lymphoid cells. The approaches that were used to assess the cells' ability to cope with NC were: (i) determination of cell survival as measured by colony formation in microtiter plates; (ii) quantitation of DNA synthesis and DNA-repair replication by isopyknic sedimentation of DNA density labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU); (iii) measurement of the induction of alkali labile lesions and strand breaks by NC in 3H-labeled DNA using velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose. In summary, treatment with NC was found to inhibit both replicative DNA synthesis and colony formation in LCLs. At the molecular level, NC treatment induced alkali labile lesions in LCL DNA and elicited DNA-repair replication in proliferating LCLs as well as unstimulated lymphocytes. Considered in total, these data indicate that NC is reactive with human DNA in the cellular environment in a manner similar to methylating nitroso compounds which have been shown to be carcinogenic. The significance of these findings will be discussed.
The ups and downs of the moral personality: Why it’s not so black and white

Past research has suggested that people may form cognitive representations of concepts based on metaphoric dimensions. We report two studies that evaluate whether the moral personality is represented along two relevant metaphor dimensions: verticality and brightness. In addition, we sought support for an attentional bias towards immoral rather than moral traits. In Study 1, immoral personality traits were categorized slower when high in the visual field, consistent with expectations that people represent immorality as being low rather than high. In Study 2, only support for the immorality bias and not the brightness representation was found. Our results suggest evidence both that the moral personality is represented metaphorically, and for an adaptive attentional bias towards immoral traits.
Divinity in use and Practice

It is good in this centenary year of his death to remember that the Chair of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology in the University of Edinburgh is successor to the Chair of Evangelistic Theology first occupied by Alexander Duff. Duff was a missionary strategist and statesman who saw the Christian mission in world-wide terms, yet found in his Scottish Reformed heritage treasures of immense value and relevance to the India of his day. Within a few short months of his arrival in Calcutta in 1830, Duff produced an assessment of the situation in Bengal of quite extraordinary shrewdness and insight, discerning the signs of the times and pinpointing the opportunities and dangers to the Christian witness. He looked, as any good practical theologian must, for the working of God in the context in which he found himself; he embraced not just the immediate opportunity but the long-term process, imbuing his converts—remarkable men that they were—with a vision of India as she might be, and of their own role as reformers, renewers and leaders of Indian society and culture in their ministerial and educational work. Duff saw himself not as handing on a closed and unexamined package of accumulated wisdom and orthodoxy, but as equipping a new generation to think for themselves and live creatively always looking, like the heroes of faith of Hebrews xi, to the future, to the city whose builder and maker is God.
Secure Communications in the Presence of Pervasive Deceit

The functions of secrecy, identification of the transmitter and of authentication of messages, and combinations of these, are in principle all achievable using either symmetric or asymmetric cryptosystems. Since secure communications depend on authenticated data exchanges between and/or authenticated actions by some of the parties to the communication, the fundamentals of authentication using symmetric or asymmetric techniques are developed. The surprising conclusion is that they differ only in the secure exchanges required to achieve further secure communications. The problem of authenticating a public-key directory is discussed in the light of these findings.
A capacity factor as an alternative to soil test phosphorus in phosphorus risk assessment

Abstract Soil test phosphorus (P) concentrations (STP) are often used as measures of environmental P risk. However, a low STP is not valid justification for further P application because P sorption capacity may be low and P added could be lost to surface waters. The degree of P saturation (DPS) normalises extractable P using extractable Al and Fe as a surrogate for P sorption capacity, but like STP, fails to convey a magnitude of capacity. We propose the use of a DPS‐based prediction of the remaining soil P storage capacity (SPSC) that would capture risks arising from previous loading as well as inherently low P sorption capacity. The SPSC is a direct estimate of the amount of P a soil can sorb before exceeding a threshold soil equilibrium concentration. In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of the SPSC for a variety of sandy soils impacted by dairy and poultry manure additions. The SPSC provides a means to assess the capacity of a soil to retain additional P and hence is a more useful indicator...
Audition Laboratory Activities for Teaching Sensation and Perception

This article describes exercises for a sensation and perception laboratory using a computer application called SoundWave. The exercises were conducted in two 1-hr sessions. Goals of the lab included giving students hands-on experience with how sound wave shape changes as frequency and amplitude vary, the continuousness of the speech stream, and determining whether a complex wave pattern represents noise or music. These exercises could also be adapted for use in introductory psychology classes.
Parallelizing sparse Matrix Solve for SPICE circuit simulation using FPGAs

Fine-grained dataflow processing of sparse Matrix-Solve computation (Ax = b) in the SPICE circuit simulator can provide an order of magnitude performance improvement on modern FPGAs. Matrix Solve is the dominant component of the simulator especially for large circuits and is invoked repeatedly during the simulation, once for every iteration. We process sparse-matrix computation generated from the SPICE-oriented KLU solver in dataflow fashion across multiple spatial floating-point operators coupled to high-bandwidth on-chip memories and interconnected by a low-latency network. Using this approach, we are able to show speedups of 1.2–64x (geometric mean of 8.8x) for a range of circuits and benchmark matrices when comparing double-precision implementations on a 250MHz Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA (65nm) and an Intel Core i7 965 processor (45nm).
A risks analysis method combining performance and reliability

Using performability analysis mechanisms to assess systems' risk is proposed in this paper, so that the impacts from different factors can be integrated. Performability is a metric proposed three decades ago [1, 8] to address the effects of performance degradation caused by failures. Despite its sophisticated mechanisms [10], industry today still treats performance and reliability as two separate issues. Will this cause any problem in risk assessment for performance degradable systems? Through the study presented here, where the risk on a hypothetical system is analyzed, the above question is addressed.
Effects of 17β-estradiol and flutamide on inflammatory response and distant organ damage following trauma-hemorrhage in metestrus females

We hypothesized that administration of androgen receptors antagonist flutamide following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) in metestrus females will maintain immune function and reduce remote organ damage under those conditions. Female B57BL/J6 mice (metestrus state, 8-12 weeks old) underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35.0+/-5.0 mmHg for 90 min) and then received 17beta-estradiol (E2; 50 microg/25 g), flutamide (625 microg/25 g), or E2 + flutamide. Four hours after resuscitation, plasma cytokine and chemokine (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and MCP-1) concentrations and their release in vitro by hepatic and pulmonary tissue macrophages (M Phi) were determined by flow cytometry. Organ damage was assessed by edema formation (wet-to-dry weight ratio) and neutrophil infiltration [myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity]. Administration of E2, flutamide, or E2 + flutamide following T-H resulted in a significant decrease in systemic TNF-alpha, IL-6, and MCP-1 concentrations under those conditions. This was accompanied by significantly decreased in vitro TNF-alpha release by Kupffer cells after administration of E2, flutamide, or E2 + flutamide. The in vitro release of proinflammatory cytokines by alveolar M Phi, however, was reduced significantly only by the addition of E2 or E2 + flutamide but not by the addition of flutamide. A significant decrease in pulmonary and hepatic edema formation as well as neutrophil infiltration in the lung was observed after E2, flutamide and E2 + flutamide administration. In contrast, hepatic neutrophil infiltration was only significantly reduced following E2 and E2 + flutamide administration. Thus, although flutamide does not produce synergistic, salutary effects with E2, its administration in females following T-H also produces salutary effects on the immune and organ function, similar to E2 administration under those conditions.
Dairy farm characteristics and managed flows of phosphorus

Nonpoint sources of P pollution have been implicated in the declining water quality of many lakes in the northeastern U.S. Most of the agricultural nonpoint P contribution to surface waters comes from field runoff. Water quality may be improved by better understanding the movement, or flow, of P through a farm so that reasons for buildup of high soil P levels can be identified and remedies explored. In this study, the managed flows of P (P in imported and exported products) were estimated based on 1-hour farmer interviews on 45 Vermont farms and 1 New York farm. Farm P inflow/ outflow budgets were developed using information from the interviews. It was estimated that an average of 57% of the P brought onto the farms was not exported. Phosphorus imported in feed and minerals averaged 65% of the total P imports, while purchased fertilizer contributed to an average of 35% of the total farm P imports. Phosphorus was often fed in excess of the cow's nutritional requirements recommended by the National Research Council. Soil test P levels on two pairs of farms with similar animal densities and soil types reflected the large differences in the estimated net P accumulation. For all 46 farms, there was a significant relationship between net P accumulation and animal density (r 2 =0.59). Farms grouped by management operation type (confinement, pasture-based [non-organicJ, and pasture-based [organic]) were different in average farm size, animal density, P imports, net P accumulation, milk production, and predominant crop. Feeding of excess P results from the high P levels recommended by feed salesmen and nutritionists, who typically take into account the available home-grown forages and provide the suggested needs for purchases of concentrates and minerals. In a survey of seven Vermont dairy feed consultants and salespersons, rations were designed to feed cows as much as 50% more P than research has indicated is necessary.
5-HT3 receptor mediated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens during withdrawal from continuous cocaine

The present experiment examined changes in the ability of the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (mCPBG), to facilitate K+-induced dopamine (DA) release during withdrawal from continuous cocaine administration. Rats were withdrawn from continuous cocaine administration (40 mg/kg per day cocaine for 14 days) for 7 days, and then slices from the nucleus accumbens obtained. Following an equilibration period, the slices were perfused with 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 μM mCPBG in the absence and presence of 25 mM K+. The samples were assayed for DA content by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Continuous cocaine administration significantly attenuated the ability of mCPBG to facilitate K+-induced DA overflow compared to saline control rats. These results suggest that continuous cocaine administration functionally down-regulates 5-HT3 receptors in the nucleus accumbens. These results further suggest that 5-HT3 receptor subsensitivity may represent a partial mechanism for the tolerance induced by continuous cocaine administration.
Case of intestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn's disease.

Background Intestinal tuberculosis can closely mimic Crohn's disease and colon cancer. Presented here is a case of intestinal tuberculosis that closely mimicked both. Case report A 23 year old Hispanic female presented with several months of weight loss, recurrent fever, and emesis. The patient did not have pulmonary symptoms or radiographic evidence of tuberculosis. Colonoscopy evaluation with biopsy of the affected bowel segments were thought to be consistent with either colon cancer or Crohn's Disease. Acid fast bacilli staining and histological analysis did not display evidence of tuberculosis on two separate occasions. The patient developed colonic obstruction acutely during the course of treatment requiring resection of the affected bowel segment. Acid fast staining of the resected lymph nodes was positive and submucosal caseating granulomas were identified histologically, consistent with intestinal tuberculosis. Conclusions Intestinal tuberculosis remains a diagnostic challenge. Consideration of the disease should be maintained in equivocal cases.
Brief Is set modeling of white noise a good tool for robust H2 analysis

Recently, a new deterministic characterization of the H"2 norm has been proposed, using a new norm (||.||"W"""@h), based on (approximate) set membership modeling of white noise. The main result shows that under mild conditions, for a fixed system the gap between the H"2 and W"@h norms can be made arbitrarily small. Motivated by these results it has been argued that the ||.||"W"""@h norm provides a useful tool for analyzing robust H"2 controllers, specially since in this context LMI-based necessary and sufficient conditions for robust performance are available. Unfortunately, as we show here with an example involving a very simple plant, the worst case ||.||"W"""@h"^"m norm can be conservative by at least a factor of m (where m denotes the dimension of the exogenous signal) for the original robust H"2 problem. Moreover, the same example shows that competing state-space based bounds also exhibit a similar degree of conservatism. Thus, at this point the problem of finding non-conservative bounds on the worst H"2 norm under LTI or slowly-varying LTV perturbations still remains open.
"If I Don't Like the Way I Feel With a Certain Drug, I'll Tell Them.": Older Adults' Experiences With Self-Determination and Health Self-Advocacy.

Health self-advocacy is associated with positive health outcomes, though existing research indicates that older adults may be at a disadvantage when self-advocating within the health care and disab...
W-band on-wafer measurement of uniplanar slot-type antennas

Uniplanar slot-type antennas such as coplanar waveguide fed single- and dual-polarized slot-ring antennas and double folded-slot antennas are characterized using a millimeter-wave network analyzer and on-wafer measurement techniques. The antennas are designed to be mounted on a dielectric lens to minimize power loss into substrate modes and realize high-gain antenna patterns. On-wafer measurements are performed by placing the antenna wafer on a thick dielectric spacer of similar /spl epsiv//sub r/ and eliminating the reflection from the probe station chuck with time-domain gating. The measured results agree well with method-of-moments simulations.
Improving the Mental Health of Older Adults

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzed evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions with older adults, the importance of ethnic diversity issues in mental health and aging within the population of dementia caregivers, and the influence of public policies on the accessibility of mental health services for older adults. The aging of the population worldwide suggests that older adults will become a larger part of the client populations for professional psychologists. Also, successive generations of American adults have higher prevalence of mental disorders, suggesting that future cohorts of older adults will have a higher need for psychological services. Older adults have more positive attitudes toward mental health services than younger adults, and rate psychological treatments as more credible and acceptable than drug therapy for the treatment of depression. The presumed widespread negativity of mental health professionals toward older adults was either exaggerated from the beginning or has changed over time.