cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STABILITY-INDICATING LC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NIZATIDINE IMPURITIES IN NIZATIDINE ORAL SOLUTION

A novel stability-indicating reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method was developed for the determination of purity of Nizatidine in Nizatidine oral solutions in the presence of its impurities and degradation products. Two unknown impurities were formed in the formulated drug under the stress conditions (40°C/75% RH for 3 months), with relative retention times (RRTs) 0.93 and 2.14. The two degradant impurities were isolated and characterized using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chromatographic method was developed and validated for Nizatidine United States Pharmacopeia (USP) impurities along with the two degradant impurities. Total 13 impurities were well separated and not interfering with placebo peaks in oral solution. The method was developed using C-18 column in gradient elution mode. The eluted compounds were monitored at 254 nm. Nizatidine was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal, and photolytic degradation. The degradation pr...
Laser Polarized Muonic Atoms

Lasers are an important tool in the field of muon physics. A new application of lasers, namely producing polarized muonic atoms, is the subject of a new program at LAMPF. One technique already demonstrated is stopping unpolarized muons in a laser polarized 3He target. A more promising idea is to polarize neutral muonic helium by collisions with laser polrized Rb vapor. These methods for producing polarized muonic helium will be useful for measuring the spin dependence of nuclear muon capture and for determining the induced pseudoscalar coupling.
Graphene NanoPlatelets reinforced tantalum carbide consolidated by spark plasma sintering

Abstract Graphene NanoPlatelets (GNP) reinforced tantalum carbide composites are synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at processing conditions of 1850 °C and 80–100 MPa. The GNP addition enhances the densification of TaC–GNP composites to 99% theoretical density, while reducing the grain size by over 60% through grain wrapping mechanism. Survival and structure retention of GNP is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Nanoindentation and high load (20–30 N) microindentation are utilized to evaluate elastic modulus and hardness. GNP improves fracture toughness of TaC by up to 99% through toughening mechanisms such as GNP bending, sheet sliding, cracking bridging, and crack deflection.
A new approach to fabricating the occlusal surfaces of removable prostheses

Abstract A procedure is introduced to fabricate the occlusal surfaces of removable prostheses that oppose ceramic restorations or ceramic denture teeth. It involves the use of a heat-processed glass ceramic material in the form of onlays over the plastic denture teeth. This procedure provides for more wear compatibility, improved esthetics, and individualized occlusion. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:133-6.)
Reticulum cell sarcoma of testes

Seven cases of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the testes have been added to the world literature, bringing the total to 83 cases. Primary reticulum cell sarcoma should be suspected in all patients over the age of fifty years who have a testicular mass. There is a marked tendency of bilateral involvement of this tumor, as well as an association with cutaneous and pharyngeal lesions. Although there have been a few long-term survivors, over-all prognosis is poor.
IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy in Children

The age at which the majority of children outgrow cow’s milk allergy now appears to be later than previously reported. Recent studies have attempted to elucidate factors that may help prevent cow’s milk allergy, assess markers of persistence, and evaluate the usefulness of new diagnostic methods. Strict avoidance of cow’s milk has been the mainstay of treatment. However, given the potential nutritional, social, and immunologic ramifications of cow’s milk elimination from a child’s diet, there has been a focus on reevaluating this therapeutic approach.
The Social Market Economy and the Moral Problem in Modern Capitalism

The paradigm of a social market economy postulates that the evolution of a functional market economy, as the guarantor of freedom, human dignity and justice, cannot be left to chance but must be consciously guided along the “principles” of Eucken′s economic constitution. The moral problem of modern capitalism can be spelled out in terms of imbalances between economic and ethical norms in the public and private sectors, the influence of special interest groups and politicians to pursue measures detrimental to a competitive market economy, ideological prejudices about common welfare and a socially‐caring state, insufficient adherence to the fact that it is in everyone′s interest to be concerned about everyone′s welfare, and, to summarise, imbalances in the principle that “government should govern as little as possible but not do as little as possible” or between “as much centralisation as necessary with as much decentralisation as possible” in the economy.
Osseous anatomic variants of the wrist: findings on MR imaging.

A natomic variants of the osseous structures of the wrist are common and readily detected on MR imagmg. Noteworthy variations include accessory ossicles, carpal coalitions, variable lunate morphology, articular lipping at the pisotriquetral joint, and pseudosubluxation of the distal radioulnar joint. Although many of these entities can be identified or clarified on radiographs alone, their appearance on radiography may be ambiguous or radiographs may not be available at the time of MR image evaluation. The correct identification ofthese variants on MR studies is important so that these often incidental entities are not mistaken for pathologic findings or otherwise cause confusion. In some cases, however, these anatomic variants are associated with symptomatic conditions, and familiarity with the MR appearance of these osseous vanants may prevent misinterpretation.
Lateral blasts at Mount St. Helens and hazard zonation

Lateral blasts at andesitic and dacitic volcanoes can produce a variety of direct hazards, including ballistic projectiles which can be thrown to distances of at least 10 km and pyroclastic density flows which can travel at high speed to distances of more than 30 km. Indirect effect that may accompany such explosions include wind-borne ash, pyroclastic flows formed by the remobilization of rock debris thrown onto sloping ground, and lahars.
A comparison of dichotic and visuo-acoustic competition in hemispherectomized patients

Abstract Following hemispherectomy, patients performing dichotic listening tasks have great difficulty reporting items presented to the ear ipsilateral to their intact hemisphere. One possible cause is an attentional imbalance which, when competing inputs are received from both sides of space, restricts the patient's attention to the stimulus contralateral to his remaining hemisphere. If this explanation is true, then a similar ipsilateral ear decrement should occur when a competing visual stimulus is presented in the contralateral field. In the present study, however, hemispherectomy patients easily reported a digit presented to the ear ipsilateral to their intact hemisphere despite the concurrent presentation of a visual digit to their contralateral field.
Sparing of cognitive function in mild hypoglycemia: dissociation from the neuroendocrine response.

Central nervous system function during insulininduced reductions in plasma glucose was studied by measuring plasma epinephrine concentrations and testing cognitive function. Mild glucose reduction [mean plasma glucose, 62 ± 3 (± sem) mg/dL (3.4 ± 0.2 mmol/L)] was induced with an iv insulin infusion at the rate of 40 mU/kg·h for 180 min in 7 normal subjects. Despite a marked increase in mean plasma epinephrine concentrations, which peaked at 426 ± 68 pm/mL (2325 ± 371 pmol/mL; P < 0.001), no significant differences in cognitive function occurred as determined by a series of trail-making tests compared with the results of serial tests in a group of 17 control subjects. In contrast, when hypoglycemia was induced (plasma glucose, <42 mg/dL; 2.3 mmol/L) by bolus injection of insulin in 4 normal subjects, cognitive function was impaired in every subject, as demonstrated by a delay in completion of the trailmaking test. The mean completion time was prolonged to 107 ± 16% of the baseline at the time of hypoglycem...
A new algorithm based on discrete fourier transform to improve the lifetime of underwater Wireless Sensor Networks communications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an important means of gathering environmental and physical information from a wide range of areas. WSNs could be used in underground, aboveground and underwater applications. In this paper, we focus on underwater transmission. One of the main limitations of WSNs is the power consumption and short lifetime of the sensors. In this paper, we propose a new solution for underwater Wireless Sensor Networks to overcome the problem that is caused by the ionized nature of seawater. This work presents a methodology to improve the lifetime of WSNs. The wireless sensors have three main functions: sensing, processing and transmitting. The first two factors consume very less power compared to the third. Thus, we need to guarantee the successful transmission of signal with nominal and efficient use of power to improve the lifetime of the sensors. Improving the lifetime of these sensors will improve the experience of the end user, as the information-gathering lifetime of the sensors increases. Based on the results presented in this paper, we can reduce the power consumption, thus improving the lifetime and the signal loss rate.
Progression of Aortic Stenosis in Adult Men: Detection by Noninvasive Methods

One hundred seventy-one patients with aortic stenosis (AS) who had hemodynamic studies were evaluated by a scoring system of the seven following noninvasive variables which our laboratory had developed to estimate the severity of AS: (1) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ECG; (2) visible aortic valve calcification by chest x-ray examination; (3) loudness of A 2 ; (4) Q to peak of systolic murmur; (5) T-time of the carotid pulse; (6) LV ejection time; and (7) LVH by M-mode echocardiography. The range of the severity score is 0 to 16, and a score >5 has been shown correctly to identify 93 percent of patients with severe AS (valve area >1.0 cm 1 ). The present study has applied this method to the detection of progression of AS. Eleven patients (mean age, 60.4 years) were studied who had hemodynamic studies performed two to nine years apart (mean, three years). Progression of stenosis occurred in all, with an increase in mean aortic valve gradient from 23±4.7 mm Hg to 46±6.5 mm Hg (p 2 to 0.88±0.10 cm 2 (p
Integral consciousness through the global lens: The great shift in the presiding technology of consciousness

Abstract It is now more evident that humanity is in the midst of a profound evolutionary shift in all dimensions of our cultural life and in our human condition. One symptom of this great shift is the increasing sense of “crisis” as our older dysfunctional forms of life and mind face a certain meltdown in this metamorphesis. Ironically, our entrenched patterns of “minding” and consciousness feed the crisis and eclipse the depth of the real crisis. The shift we now face has long been emerging since the dawn of civilizations, and is nothing less than an evolutionary shift, a maturation of our human form and technology of consciousness. Indeed, the essence of the global crises turns essentially on this “crisis” in consciousness—a radical dimensional shift in our rational capacities and mind processing powers. And this shift has been long seen and anticipated in our hitherto dormant global wisdom tradition through the ages. This essay suggests that our future sustainability now turns on bringing forth this mindshift from egomental patterns to more mature holistic, integral and dialogical patterns of being human through our dilated global lens.
Molecular Determinants of Hv1 Inhibition by Guanidine Derivatives

The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is known to play important roles in proton extrusion, pH homeostasis, and production of reactive oxygen species in a variety of cell types. It has been recently implicated in cancer development and neuronal death during ischemic stroke. The channel is a dimer made of two voltage sensing domains (VSDs) each containing a gated proton permeation pathway. We have identified guanidine derivatives that inhibit the Hv1 VSDs with a mechanism similar to pore block by quaternary ammonium compounds in sodium and potassium channels. Each VSD in the dimer has its own binding site facing the inner side of the membrane and accessible only in the open state. As long as the inhibitor is bound, the gate in the VSD cannot close. In addition, inhibitor unbinding from one VSD is controlled by the neighboring VSD via tight allosteric coupling between gates. Here we measure the inhibition of different Hv1 mutants produced by structurally related compounds and use a thermodynamic cycle analysis approach to identify molecular characteristics of the channel and guanidine derivatives which are important for tight binding. Understanding how compounds like guanidine derivatives interact with the Hv1 VSD and block proton conduction is an important step toward the development of pharmacological treatments for diseases caused by Hv1 hyperactivity. This work is supported by NIH (grant GM098973) and by the American Heart Association (grant 09BGIA2160044).
Can Fulvenes Form from Enediynes? A Systematic High-Level Computational Study on Parent and Benzannelated Enediyne and Enyne−Allene Cyclizations

Apart from the well-known Bergman, Myers−Saito, and Schmittel ring closure reactions of parent enediyne (4) and enyne−allene (3), novel cyclization modes were identified using density functional (DFT) and coupled-cluster methods. The geometries obtained with several DFT functionals are quite similar; for consistency's sake, we employed BLYP/6-31G* geometries; Brueckner double energy single points [BCCD(T)/cc-pVDZ] on these geometries were used to determine the relative energies. The C1−C5 cyclization of 4 leading to fulvene biradical 8 is 40 kcal mol-1 endothermic, and the product lies 31 kcal mol-1 above 1,4-didehydrobenzene 7 because of the lack of aromatic stabilization. The heat of formation (ΔfH°) of 8 is predicted to be 172.0 ± 1.0 kcal mol-1. Yet another ring closure of 4 leading to dimethylenecyclobutene biradical 12 is 69 kcal mol-1 endothermic and is hardly of preparative interest. A new cyclization of 3 should lead to the seven-membered ring biradical 13, which is located 33 kcal mol-1 above 3 ...
Knorr cyclizations and distonic superelectrophiles.

The acid-catalyzed Knorr cyclization has been studied by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of these studies indicate that β-ketoamides such as acetoacetanilide undergo diprotonation...
Photosynthetic performance in Syringodium filiforme: Seasonal variation in light-harvesting characteristics

Abstract Syringodium filiforme does not exhibit physiological compensation as a function of season. This has important implications with respect to the diversity and spatial distribution of seagrass species, with Syringodium-like physiological characteristics, that are exposed to chronic low light conditions common to estuarine environments. Adult Syringodium filiforme plants were sampled at bimonthly intervals between August 1996 and August 1997 from a site in Lower Laguna Madre, Texas with a mean depth of ∼1.2 m. Photosynthesis-irradiance (PI) experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures, in conjunction with measurements of reaction center density and size, to characterize photosynthetic apparatus structure and performance. Values for relative quantum yield (α; O2 evolved per incident photon), compensation point (Ic), saturation point (Ik), dark respiration (Rd) and light-saturated photosynthesis (Pmax), collected during late summer 1996, exhibited no significant differences from those collected in late spring 1997. Changes in pigment concentration, exhibiting no distinct seasonal pattern, were manifested in adjustments of both photosystem density and size. Densities for photosystem I (PSI) were highest during winter months (ca. 0.5 pmol mm−3); densities for photosystem II (PSII) exhibited no seasonal trend, ranging from 0.2 to 0.7 pmol mm−3. Little variation was noted regarding the size of PSI (PSUP700), whereas, size estimates for PSII (PSUO2) were largest during winter and early-spring (ca. 5400 Chl-a P680−1). These data indicate that S. filiforme may have some capacity for altering photosynthetic apparatus structure. However, since α, Ic and Ik did not change with season, the benefit of such adjustments is not obvious. We suggest photophysiological parameters may not be reliable indicators of environmental stress in Syringodium filiforme, as this species does not exhibit a great potential for phenotypic plasticity. This work serves as a basis for future studies designed to address physiological compensation in seagrasses and the ability of coastal macrophytes to respond to environmental change (e.g. reductions in light availability).
A comparison of lateral versus anterior-posterior spine dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for the diagnosis of osteopenia

Because bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at various sites differ in the relative amounts of cortical and trabecular bone that they assess, they also differ in their sensitivity for detecting osteopenia. Lateral spine dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows measurement of BMD of the vertebral bodies, which contain mainly trabecular bone, without contribution from the posterior vertebral elements, which are rich in cortical bone. Thus, we hypothesized that lateral spine DXA would detect osteopenia more frequently than anterior-posterior (AP) spine DXA. To assess the ability of DXA to estimate trabecular bone mass, we compared AP and lateral DXA spine measurements with trabecular bone measurements by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in 58 patients. We then compared AP vs. lateral spine DXA measurements in 1) 300 women referred for routine bone densitometry, 2) 30 glucocorticoid-treated women, and 3) 44 women with vertebral compression fractures. To compare short term reproducibility, we performed repeat AP and lateral DXA scans in 50 women. The association between QCT and DXA measurements was stronger when DXA measurements were made in the lateral (r = 0.784) or midlateral (r = 0.823) projection than in the AP (r = 0.571) projection. The association of BMD with age was stronger when DXA measurements were made in the lateral (r = 0.536) or midlateral (r = 0.536) projection than in the AP (r = 0.382) projection. The declines in BMD with age for AP, lateral, and midlateral DXA measurements were 0.48%, 0.60%, and 0.88%/yr, respectively. In the women referred for routine densitometry, lateral DXA measurements were significantly (P < 0.05) more abnormal than AP measurements compared with those in young women. This was also true in the women treated with glucocorticoids and women with vertebral compression fractures. Lateral DXA often detected osteopenia in patients whose AP DXA was normal. The 95% confidence limits for changes in BMD attributable to measurement error for AP, lateral, and midlateral DXA were 0.027, 0.038, and 0.057 g/cm2, respectively. These results indicate that lateral DXA measurements identify patients with osteopenia more often than AP DXA measurements, probably because lateral DXA more accurately estimates trabecular bone mass. Short term reproducibility of lateral DXA is nearly as good as that for AP DXA.
TESTING THERAPEUTIC LIFE REVIEW OFFERED BY HOME CARE WORKERS TO DECREASE DEPRESSION AMONG HOME-DWELLING OLDER WOMEN

The purpose of the study was to test a psychosocial intervention, therapeutic life review, offered by home care workers to decrease depression among home-dwelling older women. A quasi-experimental, one-group time-series design measured the effect of a once-a-week, 40-minute therapeutic life review intervention, delivered for six weeks by home care workers, on the depression scores of women 65 years and older, compared to their scores during the ten weeks prior to the intervention. Over time, depression scores improved with a significant decrease in depression immediately following the six-week intervention. Based on these findings, we concluded that home care workers can deliver a community-based psychosocial intervention that decreases depression in their home-dwelling clients.
Your, Ours, and Mine: Jesus' Use of the Prophetic Possessive in the Gospel of Matthew:

In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus overwhelmingly prefers to use the term Father in addressing the disciples, which often appears to affirm the special relationship the disciples have with God. In sev...
Aluminum, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Zn and P in above- and belowground biomass. I. Abies amabilis and Tsuga mertensiana

In a mature mixed subalpine stand ofTsuga mertensiana andAbies amabilis, significantly higher Al levels were found in foliage, branch and root tissues ofT. mertensiana.Tsuga mertensiana had significant increases in Al, Ca and Mn levels with increasing foliage age. In current foliage,T. mertensiana had lower levels of Ca, similar levels of Mg and P, and higher levels of Mn thanA. amabilis. Both tree species had Cu and Fe present at higher levels in branch than foliage tissues. Fine roots had the highest concentrations of Al, Fe and Cu but the lowest Ca and Mn concentrations of all tissues analyzed. In the roots of both species, phloem tissues always had significantly higher Al levels than xylem. Fine roots (< 1 and 1–2 mm) ofT. mertensiana had higher Al levels than were found inA. amabilis. Roots greater than 2 mm in diameter exhibited no significant differences in Al levels in phloem or xylem tissue betweenA. amabilis andT. mertensiana. The two species show a clear difference in their ability to accumulate specific elements from the soil.
Trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the compositions of lithospheric primary sources of Serra Geral continental flood basalts, southern Brazil.

Multi-element abundances in twenty-four samples from the Serra Geral continental flood basalt system (Parana Basin) were determined by INAA to assess the trace element signature of primary magmatric sources. Isotopic Sr and Nd data were obtained on a 24-sample composite and three individual samples of the suite to constrain the influences of older enriched material. Twenty basaltic samples have enriched LILE commensurate with most continental tholeiites and, display fractionated REE patterns similar to those in the Columbia River Group and other flood basalt provinces. The mafic units exhibit low-moderate Ti, variable V, Cr and Ni and relatively uniform Co and Sc abundances. Four intermediate to silicic units exhibit higher overall incompatible element abundances, strongly fractionated patterns and depletions of compatible elements consistent with derivation by fractionation of basaltic parents. Isotopic data for two basalts and the composite analysis indicate ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr = 0.7090 to 0.7105 and eNd = -6.6 to -6.9 requiring magma genesis in an evolved LILE-enriched upper mantle or lower crust. A silicic sample has ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr = 0.7219 and eNd = -9.2 reflecting a stronger crustal influence. Chemical comparisons within the basaltic members allow the delineation of ten least-evolved compositions having a regionally characteristic trace element pattern and two additional samples (of one flow) representing a second, less fractionated pattern. Trace element models for both types predict magma segregation from lower lithospheric sources having relatively uniform enrichments of incompatible elements via regional metasomatism. The most viable scenarios for basalt magma production require either enriched mantle partial-melt liquids, some of which comingle with crustal components, or partial melting of ultramafic, LILE-enriched lower crust. Either process requires a zone of primary magma extraction in a region where initially uniform source enrichments act independently of subsequent contamination, probably in the crust/mantle transition zone.
Improved harvesting systems for wet sites

Abstract Environmentally acceptable and economical forest operations are needed for sustainable management of forest resources. Improved methods for harvesting and transporting timber are especially needed for wet sites. As the demand for hardwood lumber continues to increase, improved and alternative methods are needed to ensure acceptance of timber harvesting for the wet site conditions that are typical of bottomland hardwoods. Some alternative technological developments include grapple saw feller-bunchers, wide tires, larger forwarders, clambunk skidders, two-stage hauling, mats, cable systems, helicopters and towed vehicles and air-cushioned vehicles. These developments have the potential to improve the performance of the harvesting system and to reduce the negative effects of conventional operations on conventional sites and on difficult sites such as wet areas. Although many of these new alternatives are now operational, others are just concepts or evolving prototypes. More research is still needed to optimize these alternative technologies and to reduce costs associated with their implementation.
An Always Already Absent Collaboration

The larger social turn enabled writing process theory in composition and legitimated collaborative writing practices among conscious, present individual authors who exist ahead of the text they write and so collaborate in a certain way. In this article, the author describes a different collaboration enabled by a different ontology in post-humanism when writers are neither authors, nor individual, nor present but always already entangled in an assemblage of reading, writing, and the world.
Numerical methods for solving differential equations with inadequate data

Abstract It is found that the criteria for discretization of the differential equations of the finite difference method and the finite element method are unreliable for solving the inadequate data problems. A better and sharper criterion is adopted here. It is to approximate the solution by a linear combination of the known data such that the norm of the pointwise error is minimized. Two different numerical methods, the projection-like method and the collocation-like method, which adopt this criterion are presented here. For simplicity, only linear ordinary differential equations are considered. Numerical simulations are carried out for several examples of stiff initial value problems. Here it is found that both the projection-like method and the collocation-like method are superior to the finite difference method and the finite element method. In particular, a comparison is made between the projection-like, the backward Euler's and the trapezoidal finite difference methods with unbiased interpolation of the inadequate data in solving both stable and unstable stiff problems. One again finds that the trapezoidal finite difference method fails miserably and the backward Euler's finite difference method gives better results but still is inferior to the projection-like method.
Chemistry, computers, and microelectronics: Present and future prospects

Computer architecture is being driven by developments in the semiconductor industry. The market for mass-produced microprocessors in video games, personal computers, real-time control, etc., is leading to rapid advances in the complexity of circuitry that can be placed on a single silicon chip. Present estimates suggest that within ten years it may be possible to incorporate 107 transistors on a chip (most current mainframe CPUs contain less than 106 transistors). These developments in very large-scale integration (VLSI) will have a major impact on computer science and, subsequently, on computational chemistry. Quantum chemistry has an essentially infinite demand for processing power. Economic ways of obtaining this processing power must take advantage of VLSI. One possibility that is being actively explored is to connect hundreds (and perhaps thousands) of mass-produced microprocessors together to form a multiprocessor. Such a multiprocessor would then execute parallel versions of the existent serial algorithms of quantum chemistry. Developing parallel algorithms to take advantage of these new architectures will require a substantial revision of the computational methods of quantum chemistry. This article will review developments in microprocessors and their likely impact on quantum chemistry. The C.mmp and Cm* multiprocessors, built in the Computer Science Department of Carnegie-Mellon University, will be described as well as present progress in designing parallel versions of some common quantum chemistry algorithms for execution on these machines, particularly Cm*.
Olfactory relationships of the telencephalon and diencephalon in the rabbit. III. The ipsilateral centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulbar and retrobulbar formations

The axoplasmic retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from axon terminals to their parent cell bodies and histochemical fluorescence microscopy have been used to study the ipsilateral centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulbs and anterior olfactory nucleus in the rabbit. Focal injections of peroxidase were placed unilaterally into the main or accessory olfactory bulb or into the anterior olfactory nucleus. In animals with injected HRP confined within the main bulb, perikarya retrogradely labeled with the protein in the ipsilateral forebrain were observed in the anterior prepyriform cortex horizontal limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band, and far lateral preoptic and rostral lateral hypothalamic areas. Brain stem cell groups that contained HRP-positive somata include the locus coeruleus and midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus. Except for the prepyriform cortex, the basal forebrain structures with labeled perikarya correlate well with locations of cell bodies containing acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase. These somata may represent a cholinergic afferent system to the main olfactory bulb. Peroxidase-labeled cell bodies in the locus coeruleus and midbrain raphe are indicative of noradrenergic and serotonergic innervations respectively of the olfactory bulb. In rabbits in which peroxidase was injected or diffused into the accessory olfactory bulb and anterior alfactory nucleus, HRP-positive somata were identified in the prepyriform cortex bilaterally, the horizontal limb of the diagonal band nucleus, lateral hypothalamic region, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, corticomedial complex of the amygdala, mitral and tufted cell layers of the ipsilateral main olfactory bulb, locus coeruleus, and the midbrain raphe. Evidence for centrifugal fibers to the accessory olfactory bulb from the corticomedial complex of the amygdala, locus coeruleus, and possibly the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and midbrain raphe is discussed. A similar distribution of labeled perikarya in the forebrain and brain stem was seen in rats in which peroxidase injected into the main olfactory bulb had spread into the accessory bulb and anterior olfactory nucleus. Histochemical fluorescence microscopy of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs in the rabbit and rat revealed fine caliber, green fluorescent fibers and varicosities predominantly in the granule cell layer and less so among cells in the glomerular layer. In sections through the root of the main olfactory bulb, a similar fluorescence was seen in the deep half of the plexiform layer of the pars externa of the anterior alfactory nucleus. These fluorescent fibers likely represent the noradrenergic innervation of the olfactory bulbar and retrobulbar formations. A fluorescent yellow hue was observed in the glomerular layer of the main bulb and may signify a serotonergic innervation of this lamina...
Concern for appropriateness and ad context effects

Are some people more sensitive than others to ad context effects? Recently, it has been shown that certain types of people are particularly sensitive to situational cues in social contexts. Such people vary how they behave according to the social context because they are highly concerned with social appropriateness. Is it possible that such people are also highly sensitive to mass communication contexts? In this research an experiment is performed to determine if such people are more sensitive than others to a highly inappropriate ad context. The results show that they are. Implications for persuasive communications are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite) precipitation

Abstract This experimental study was carried out to define factors favouring the precipitation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), which is often found in urinary stones. Artificial reference urine was taken as basic experimental solution and contained 0.1055 M NaCl , 0.0323 M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.00321 M Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ,0.00385 M MgSO 4 ,0.01695 M Na 2 SO 4 , and 0.0637 M KCl . The composition was varied for further testing, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5, using NH 4 OH or HCl as necessary. After preparation of the solution, CaCl 2 and Na 2 C 2 O 4 were added at various quantities and at various ratios. The mixtures were left at 22°C or 37°C for 15 min. The precipitates were analyzed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Precipitation of COD was more likely at 22°C than at 37°C. It was favoured at high calcium-to-oxalate concentration ratios and at low relative supersaturations. At 22°C, COD without calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) occurred at values of relative supersaturation (RS) less than 49, and at 37°C, COD precipitated exclusively at RS less than 25. Formation of COD didn't appear in the absence of citrate. A simple solution of 0.00963 M Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ,0.01155 M MgSO 4 or MgCl 2 , and 0.0637 M KCl was found, which was also suitable for exclusive COD crystal growth.
Improved human stem-cell transduction: the cat's meow

Comment on Lucas et al, page [51][1] An important objective in human gene therapy is improving the transduction efficiency of human hematopoietic stem cells. In this issue of Blood , Lucas and colleagues demonstrate that a significant improvement in transduction efficiency can be obtained using
The transcription factor CREMτ and cAMP regulate promoter activity of the Na,K‐ATPase α4 isoform

The Na,K-ATPase is an essential enzyme of the plasma membrane that plays a key role in numerous cell processes that depend on the transcellular gradients of Na+ and K+. Among the various isoforms of the catalytic subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, α4 exhibits the most limited pattern of expression, being restricted to male germ cells. Activity of α4 is essential for sperm function, and α4 is upregulated during spermatogenesis. The present study addressed the transcriptional control of the human Na,K-ATPase α4 gene, ATP1A4. We describe that a 5′ untranslated region of the ATP1A4 gene (designated −339/+480 based on the ATP1A4 transcription initiation site) has promoter activity in luciferase reporter assays. Computer analysis of this promoter region revealed consensus sites (CRE) for the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element modulator (CREM). Accordingly, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) and ectopic expression of CREMτ, a testis specific splice variant of CREM were able to activate the ATP1A4 promoter driven expression of luciferase in HEK 293 T, JEG-3 and GC-1 cells. Further characterization of the effect of db-cAMP and CREMτ on deleted constructs of the ATP1A4 promoter (−339/+80, and +25/+480), and on the −339/+480 region carrying mutations in the CRE sites showed that db-cAMP and CREMτ effect required the CRE motif located 263 bp upstream the transcription initiation site. EMSA experiments confirmed the CRE sequence as a bonafide CREMτ binding site. These results constitute the first demonstration of the transcriptional control of ATP1A4 gene expression by cAMP and by CREMτ, a transcription factor essential for male germ cell gene expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 73: 1435–1447, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The dynamics of subtidal poleward flows over a narrow continental shelf, Palos Verdes, CA

Abstract The Palos Verdes peninsula is a short, very narrow ( Both the regional wind stress and the alongshelf pressure gradients had spatial scales much larger than found on this small shelf. Subtidal flows forced by these regional fields were set up in the adjacent, much broader basins. The currents amplified as they moved onto the narrow shelf between the basins. Hence, local wind-driven currents had anomalously large amplitudes. The momentum equations for alongshelf wind or pressure gradients did not balance because some of the measured terms were associated with regional fields, others with local process. Our observations suggest that it is more difficult to determine which measured fields reflect the local processes in regions with rapidly changing topography.
STUDIES ON HYPERSENSITIVITY IV. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTACT AND DELAYED SENSITIVITY: A STUDY ON THE SPECIFICITY OF CELLULAR IMMUNE REACTIONS

In earlier observations with the picryl system, it was concluded that contact sensitivity was a form of delayed (cellular) hypersensitivity to conjugates of sensitizer with autologous proteins indistinguishable in its immunological mechanism from other classical forms of delayed hypersensitivity to proteins. This conclusion has been confirmed and extended with the picryl and chlorbenzoyl chloride systems. 1. It is shown that to induce a state of contact sensitivity, the minimal necessary amounts of hapten are of the same order of magnitude, whether this hapten is conjugated with protein or the free reactive chemical itself. From this, it is evident that contamination of conjugates with small amounts of unreacted sensitizer plays no part in the induction of contact reactivity by the conjugate. With the dinitrophenyl system, no contact sensitivity could be induced by the conjugates used; possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. 2. Animals sensitized to contact by homologous conjugate can be completely desensitized by injections of such a conjugate in large amount; a similar injection schedule has no effect on the contact sensitivity of animals sensitized with the free reactive sensitizer. 3. The capacity of heterologous (ovalbumin) conjugates to evoke anti-hapten antibodies is shown to be greater than that of homologous (guinea pig seralbumin) conjugates: the reverse is true of their capacity to induce delayed reactivity. 4. Evidence is brought forward to suggest that in animals sensitized with homologous albumin conjugates, the specificity of the delayed reaction involves more than the hapten alone, even though the carrier protein is non-antigenic on its own. The contrast with the apparent lesser specificity of the antibodies later produced is discussed.
Effect of anemia on plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP.

Abstract Background Concentrations of the amino-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are increased in the blood of patients with heart failure. Understanding the variables that influence the concentrations of NT-proBNP is required to refine its clinical use criteria. The effect of anemia on plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP was investigated. Methods Hemoglobin and NT-proBNP were measured in blood specimens collected from 209 adult patients without heart failure or renal disease. Results The median NT-proBNP concentration of patients with anemia was significantly higher than in those without anemia (82 vs. 232 ng/l, p Conclusions Decreased concentrations of hemoglobin are sufficient to produce serum concentrations of NT-proBNP above diagnostic cutoffs in anemic patients without heart failure independent of gender, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular hypertrophy, and valve disease. The impact of this finding on the clinical use and interpretation of the test needs to be examined.
Adsorption and interaction of Sb on Si(001) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and core-level photoemission.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and synchrotron photoemission were used to analyze the Sb/Si(001) interface formation for submonolayer and saturation coverages. The surface-shifted core-level component observed in photoemission for Si(001)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) was suppressed with the adsorption of Sb. Constant-current STM images which were taken for different sample bias conditions show changes in the spatial distribution of the occupied and unoccupied states derived from the Si-dimer dangling bonds upon Sb adsorption. These observations are interpreted in terms of the formation of Sb-Si bonds and the resulting modifications in the surface electronic properties.
The Synthesis of 10,10-Disubstituted Anthrones via the Rearrangements of 9-Anthryl Ethers

Abstract The thermal rearrangement of 9-allyloxy-10-phenyl-anthracene (and related ethers) to 10-allyl-10-phenylanthrone (and related anthrones) is described. Evidence supporting a radical rearrangement pathway is presented.
Pseudomolecular ion formation of explosives in FT-ICR-MS

A useful and important addition to characterization of identification of plastic explosives, especially ultra-low levels, by these analytical methods would be the ability to obtain their molecular weight or a pseudomolecular mass. This is difficult or impossible to do using conventional techniques since these compounds have low vapor pressures and are thermally labile. Using Fourier Transform--Ion Cyclotron Resonance--Mass Spectrometry, we have obtained molecular mass or pseudo-molecular mass information on some common explosives, viz. RDX, PETN and TNT.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
COX-2 inhibitors and cancer therapeutics: potential roles for inhibitors of COX-2 in combination with cytotoxic therapy: reports from a symposium held in conjunction with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group June 2001 Meeting.

Abstract Tumor growth and angiogenesis are interdependent. Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX-mediated synthesis of PGs. Although COX-1 is constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues, COX-2 is cytokine inducible. Enhanced COX-2 expression has been attributed a key role in the development of inflammation and related processes observed in pathologically altered disease states. Two specific COX-2 inhibitors, namely, rofecoxib (Vioxx) and celecoxib (Celebrex), both oral agents and FDA approved, have been shown preclinically and clinically to have efficacy comparable to that of NSAIDs for relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, with decreased risk of gastrointestinal damage. Significant preclinical evidence strongly supports the potential role for these inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. On June 29, 2001, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (www.rtog.org), a National Cancer Institute-sponsored cooperative group, held a 1-day symposium focusing on the potential role of inhibitors of COX-2 in the treatment of cancer. This issue of the American Journal of Clinical Oncology contains the summary of those presentations.
Concentration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been related to adverse health effects in recent years. Previous studies have reported ROS concentrations in mainstream smoke, but the reports have shown considerable variability and conclusions. There have been no prior measurements on sidestream smoke. In this study, the amounts of gas-phase and particle-bound ROS in tobacco smoke were determined using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) as the fluorescent probe with hydrogen peroxide as the standard. Both research and commercially available cigarettes were tested using mainstream and sidestream smoke generated by a Single Cigarette Smoking Machine. For mainstream smoke from regular and light cigarettes, the total quantities of ROS were 120–150 nmol and 90–110 nmol, respectively. For sidestream smoke, the values were 60–90 nmol and 30–70 nmol for regular and light cigarettes, respectively. The effects of the cigarette filter on the emissions were to reduce the particle mass and particle-phase ROS in the...
Year in Review 2014: COPD

Clinicians responsible for treating pulmonary disease often encounter challenges in the management of patients with COPD. This is due in part to the number of drugs now available to ameliorate COPD symptoms and the complexity of adhering to good disease management programs. Each aspect of treatment is a critical component in improving outcomes for these patients. The purpose of this article is to review some of the most significant findings regarding the treatment of COPD, with emphasis on disease management and pharmacotherapy.
Modeling the hand-off problem in personal communications networks

A methodology based on multidimensional birth-death processes which can be used to devise reasonable and tractable analytical models for the hand-off problem is discussed. The approach is rich enough to permit representation of many factors, including a broad class of probability laws that describe the underlying driving processes such as: session holding times and platform mobility factors; platforms that support multiple calls; various priority-oriented schemes; both large and small user populations; and various access schemes, including FDMA, TDMA, CDMA (frequency-, time-, and code-division multiple-access), and mixtures. A more general formulation and some additional results are presented. >
The composing processes of three Southeast Asian writers at the post-secondary level: An exploratory study

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the writing processes of Southeast Asian students with different educational backgrounds. The secondary purpose was to determine if the methodology used was valid and reliable. Students were given an article to read and then asked to write their opinion about the topic. Students were videotaped as they wrote, with the camera focused specifically on the movement of their pen on paper. They were then interviewed about their writing process and about what they had been thinking during selected pause times, which had been captured on videotape and were played back to stimulate recall of the students' thought processes. Their responses were transcribed and then categorized according to what aspect of their writing they had been attending to during their pauses as well as what strategies they used to help generate a solution to a perceived problem in their writing (Cumming, 1989). The students differed in their degree of metacognitive awareness, their ability to integrate information from the reading into their writing, the amount of attention paid to different aspects of their writing, and the quantity and variety of problem-solving strategies employed. Directions for future research are discussed.
Color of Minimally Processed Potatoes as Affected by Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Antibrowning Agents

Minimal processing of potatoes was studied by using different treatments of cut potatoes in combination with modified atmosphere packaging. Different packaging materials and peeling methods were evaluated. An L-cysteine (0.5%) and citric acid (2%) mixture prevented browning of potatoes effectively. Active modification of the atmosphere inside the package was necessary to achieve extended shelf-life. Nitrogen flushing was more effective than other gas treatments with a highly permeable multilayered polyolefin packaging material. Hand peeling and lye peeling resulted in better quality, but abrasion peeling was undesirable for fresh potatoes. The shelf-life of the minimally processed products could be extended to nearly 3 wk under refrigerated storage.