cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress toward a reduced phage genetic code.

Abstract All known living organisms use at least 20 amino acids as the basic building blocks of life. Efforts to reduce the number of building blocks in a replicating system to below the 20 canonical amino acids have not been successful to date. In this work, we use filamentous phage as a model system to investigate the feasibility of removing methionine (Met) from the proteome. We show that all 24 elongation Met sites in the M13 phage genome can be replaced by other canonical amino acids. Most of these changes involve substitution of methionine by leucine (Leu), but in some cases additional compensatory mutations are required. Combining Met substituted sites in the proteome generally led to lower viability/infectivity of the mutant phages, which remains the major challenge in eliminating all methionines from the phage proteome. To date a total of 15 (out of all 24) elongation Mets have been simultaneously deleted from the M13 proteome, providing a useful foundation for future efforts to minimize the genetic code.
Escritórios-piloto como mediação para o ensino-pesquisa-extensão em cursos de arquitetura e urbanismo

Este ensaio resulta de investigacao realizada para fins de conclusao de um mestrado. Ela discutiu fundamentos, principios, objetivos e condicoes concernentes a proposta de implantacao de escritorios-piloto em cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Para tanto, procedeu-se a revisao de literatura e a consulta a professores e alunos de cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo de duas instituicoes universitarias, uma publica e outra privada. Alem de informar, este ensaio contem elementos persuasivos, tais como recomendacoes ou sugestoes sobre a implantacao de escritorios-piloto como aparatos pedagogicos de formacao de arquitetos socialmente referenciados e de contribuicao para o desenvolvimento local. Trata-se de texto expositivo, argumentativo e de orientacao tecnica, dirigido, especialmente, a professores e alunos de cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo e a todos os que possam se interessar pelo tema ou que tenham prerrogativas de decisao a esse respeito.
Abstract 18640: Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 is a Novel Therapeutic That Rescues Cardiac Fibrosis and Improves Cardiac Function in Heart Failure

Cardiac fibrosis remains a significant target of therapy for patients with heart failure (HF). Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a vascular quiescence factor that signals via the downstream effector, Smad1. No studies have explored a role for BMP9/Smad1 signaling in HF. We hypothesized that BMP9 limits cardiac fibrosis by promoting signaling via Smad1 in HF. We first determined that BMP9 protein levels are increased in the left ventricle (LV) of human subjects with HF compared to non-HF controls (n=8/group) and in male wild-type (WT) mice after 2 and 8 weeks of thoracic aortic constriction (TAC). Next, we tested BMP9-dependent regulation of TGFb1-induced Type I collagen synthesis in vitro using human cardiac fibroblasts (hCF). Compared to scrambled siRNA, silencing BMP9 increased collagen expression in hCF with or without TGFb1 stimulation. In contrast, rBMP9 treatment attenuated TGFb1 induced collagen synthesis by hCF in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to vehicle, recombinant BMP9 (rBMP9) increased pSmad1 and reduced pSmad3 levels after treatment with TGFb1. To explore a role for BMP9 in HF, we identified that, compared to WT, BMP9-/- mice exhibit a 4-fold increase in LV collagen expression after 2 weeks of TAC. We then tested whether treatment with rBMP9 rescues mice with established LV fibrosis. Male WT mice (n=40) were subject to 4 weeks of TAC. After 4 weeks of TAC, 20 mice survived to randomization to once daily rBMP9 or vehicle injections for an additional 4 weeks. Compared to Vehicle, rBMP9 treatment improved LV fractional shortening (p
Cytomegalovirus as a Sexually Transmitted Disease

In the developed nations, one of the important mechanisms of CMV transmission is sexual contact. This has been demonstrated to occur between heterosexual men and women and between homosexual men. Sexual intercourse, including anal receptive intercourse, is a risk for this transmission but salivary exchange, i.e., kissing may also facilitate cross infection. Reinfection by additional strain(s) of CMV may occur as a result of sexual transmission. Condoms, tested in laboratory simulations of sexual intercourse, reduce transmission of CMV and may be useful in clinical practice.
Paradigms and Paradoxes: Aspects of the Energetics of Carboxylic Acids and Their Anhydrides

Making use of the enthalpies of formation of the well-established acetic acid and acetic anhydride, the energetics of other carboxylic acid anhydrides (with four or fewer carbons) are discussed. Some of these species are also well known, such as succinic and maleic anhydride. Others are less well known, such as ketene and carbon suboxide and even diatomic carbon and malonic anhydride. Still others are more evasive, such as the classical anhydrides of formic and oxalic acid.
Magnetic and Robotic Navigation

The advent of ablation procedures for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias accelerated the development of technology to facilitate catheter manipulation and imaging. Deflectable catheters, electroanatomic imaging, and intracardiac echocardiography represent technologies that have had a high impact on the field. The early work on catheter-based ablation of arrhythmias focused on elimination of accessory pathways, dual AV nodal physiology, right atrial tachycardias, or typical isthmus-dependent right atrial flutter. These arrhythmias demand significant skills for catheter manipulation, but the ability to direct a catheter to the target rarely proves difficult for an experienced electrophysiologist. Two technologies developed to meet these objectives include the magnetic navigation system designed by Stereotaxis, Inc., and a robotic-controlled catheter system manufactured by Hansen Medical. While neither is approved specifically for ablation of atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, the impetus to develop these technologies is to use them for complex ablation procedures. The potential utility of these remote navigation systems has not been fully developed, but they have improved. Prospective studies are not available to compare these technologies or to demonstrate definitively that either system shortens procedure time, improves outcomes of ablation, or improves the safety profile of these and other complex ablation procedures. Nonetheless, preliminary evidence offers promise that these goals could be achieved.
Polymer Nanowires and Nanofibers

As is well known, all matter is made up of atoms. The term molecule is used to describe groups of atoms that tend to exist together in a stable form. As the term implies, macromolecule (or polymer) refers to a molecule of the extraordinarily large size (typically, >1,000 in molecular weight). Although polymer molecules are large, they can be defined by the basic repeat unit often termed as monomer unit. Properties of a particular macromolecule depend on the constituent monomer units and the way they are arranged in the macromolecule. Many of the overall properties of a given polymeric material depend, apart from its macromolecular characteristics, also on the spatial arrangement of the constituent macromolecules and the nature of the intermolecular interactions that hold them together [1]. This provides a broad basis for the development of various polymeric materials (e.g. polymer films, polymer fibers) with different properties from the same macromolecules. Textile fibers consume a significant fraction of the entire synthetic polymer produced. Consequently, a large number of methods ranging from the extrusion to melt blowing have been devised to commercially produce non-woven fabrics with diameters in the range of 1–50 μm [2].
Trans-Situational Interventions: Generalization of Behavior Support across School and Home Environments:

The authors define a conceptual model for addressing generalized response reduction, identify critical elements of the model, and provide the theoretical foundation for a technology of trans-situat...
Management of Obesity in Pregnancy

Management of obesity in pregnancy presents significant challenges secondary to the plethora of maternal and fetal complications associated with pre-gravid BMI values ≥30 kg/m2. This chapter focuses on the most current and evidence-based clinical recommendations related to the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines from 2009 and the IOM’s updated 2015 practice paper, controversies related to these GWG guidelines, maternal and fetal outcomes associated with adherence and non-compliance to these GWG guidelines, a review of factors influencing GWG, and general and nutritional recommendations for the management of maternal obesity.
The Social Experience of the Euro

The recent wave of nationalism in Europe - most clearly marked by Brexit - menaces the European Union and its institutions, including the Euro. As Europe heals from the loss of Great Britain, the Euro may serve as a continuing occasion for the construction of a European identity that will moderate receptivity to nationalist appeals. This essay examines the experience of the Euro as contributing to the formation of a European identity. Social experience, including negative social experience, with the Euro forges commonalities that unite as well as divide. The Euro remains territorially incomplete, its restricted zone of use signals incompleteness and doubt concerning the execution of the broader EU project. The Euro Crisis developed distinctly across differing Member States; the social experience of the Euro through the crisis breaks according to national lines. Going forward, revitalization and reformation of the Euro may assist European Union citizens in breaking clear of the more divisive consequences arising from their lingering attachments to nationalism.
System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information (SUMARI)

System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information (SUMARI) is a web-based systematic review program provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The subscription-based program provides tools for researchers for all stages of a systematic review. This review discusses the tools available for each review stage and presents information on the advantages and challenges of using SUMARI.
Hydration Habits and Daily Fluid Intake of Institutionalized Older Adults

Date Presented 04/06/19 Institutionalized older adults have an elevated risk for dehydration due to aging body systems, medication effects, urinary incontinence, impaired mobility and cognition, and the individual’s beverage habits. Being dehydrated has negative consequences on health, participation, and performance. This study examines the PEO fit of beverage habits for institutionalized older adults to identify associations (+ or -) with overall fluid intake, thereby providing evidence for a hydration program. Primary Author and Speaker: Carol Rice Contributing Authors: Noralyn Pickens
Interactions between student achievement orientation, locus of control, and two methods of college instruction

Are some methods of instruction more suited to some students than to others? Do students who seem to be motivated to achieve through independent action actually do better in classes that reward independent behavior? And do students whose orientation is more one of conformity actually do better in classes that reward conforming behavior? This study found some of the anticipated results — and the authors discuss how their findings can be applied in college settings. Results at variance with earlier findings also are discussed.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients With TBK1 Gene Mutations in One Large Pedigree.

Purpose To characterize features of glaucoma associated with a TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene duplication, which is among the most common molecularly defined causes of normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series, by reviewing medical records of 7 members of a pedigree with NTG caused by TBK1 gene duplications. Clinical features of these patients at diagnosis, throughout management, and at latest follow-up were identified, including age, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), optic nerve head appearance, and mean deviation (MD) assessed with Humphrey visual field (HVF) testing protocols. Results At initial diagnosis, the mean age was 35 ± 7 years, IOP was 16 ± 2.1 mm Hg, cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio was 0.9 ± 0.08, and MD assessed via HVF 30-2 and/or 24-2 testing protocols was −9.0 ± 8.9 (range: −1.8 to −27) dB in the 14 study eyes. At initial diagnosis, 4 of 14 eyes (28%) had no visual field defect, 4 (28%) had early visual field defects, and 6 (43%) had severe visual field defects. Patients had a mean follow-up of 21.5 ± 9.0 years and experienced an average reduction of IOP by 28%. Four of 12 eyes (33%) had stable visual fields throughout follow-up, while 8 eyes (67%) had slow-to-moderate progression. The 30-2 and/or 24-2 HVF tests had an average change in MD of −0.53 ± 0.26 dB/year. No eyes had rapid progression with an MD >1.0 dB/year. At final follow-up, the mean IOP was 11.5 ± 2.9, and C/D ratio was 0.94 ± 0.4. At final follow-up, 3 of 14 eyes (21%) had early visual field defects, 4 (29%) had moderate visual field defects, and 7 (50%) had severe visual field defects. Six of 14 eyes (43%) met criteria for legal blindness. Conclusions We provide the first report of the clinical features and long-term clinical course in a family of NTG patients with TBK1 gene duplications. TBK1-associated glaucoma exhibits classic features of NTG. Patients present with severe disease at a relatively early age and most (67%) have slow-to-moderate progression of their visual field defects. The rate of visual field change appears correlated with the magnitude of IOP, suggesting that it may be advantageous to set extremely low IOP targets for some patients with TBK1-associated glaucoma.
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN PREGNANCY: A CONTEMPORARY COHORT

Infective endocarditis (IE) rarely complicates pregnancy but results in high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Historically, IE during pregnancy was most associated with preexisting valvular abnormalities and congenital heart disease. With the increasing incidence of intravenous drug abuse
Effect of Donor Death by Drug Intoxication Combined with Chronic Drug Abuse on Lung Transplantation: A Single Center Study

Purpose In the field of lung transplantation, there is a high wait list mortality. Broader use of extended criteria donors would provide additional organs for transplantation. An increasing number of organ donors are dying from drug overdose. These donors are often considered “high risk” because of their exposure to infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis B and C. However, these organ donors are often younger and healthier than those that die from stroke or cardiac arrest. Successful use of lung donors who have a history of drug abuse may serve to provide additional organs for those patients on the wait list. This study reviews the results of lung grafts transplanted from donors with a history of drug abuse. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 266 lung transplants done at a single center from 2014 to 2018. Extracted data included both donor and recipient characteristics, as well as clinical transplant outcomes. Donor history of illicit drug use was taken from the medical/social history derived by the onsite transplant coordinator. This history included both a review of the medical record, as well as an interview with family and friends of the donor. Clinical outcomes for this study included early and 1-year survival, need for ECMO, post-transplant ventilator time, hospital length of stay and 90-day readmission rates. Results Donors in this cohort died primarily from trauma (49%), stroke (21%), and anoxic brain injury (∼30%). Specifically, there were 37 donors who died from a drug overdose (15%). Drug use among all donors (lifetime) included use of THC (37%), cocaine (14%), amphetamines (15%), and opioids (18%). Additionally, a large percentage of donors had a history of active alcohol abuse (22%). Comparing patients who received a lung graft from a donor who died of drug overdose to all other patients, there was no difference in early death (p=0.69), survival at 1-year (p=0.21), need for perioperative ECMO (p=0.31), and hours post op on the ventilator (p=0.13). The drug overdose donor group had a shorter length of hospital stay (21 vs 25 days, p=0.06). Conclusion These results demonstrate that drug use and abuse among lung donors is common. Donor lung grafts taken from a patient who dies of a drug overdose have similar outcomes compared to all other donors. More aggressive use of these donors may provide additional organs for transplantation.
Affective brain patterns as multivariate neural correlates of cardiovascular disease risk.

This study tested whether brain activity patterns evoked by affective stimuli relate to individual differences in an indicator of pre-clinical atherosclerosis: carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT). Adults (aged 30-54 years) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks that involved viewing three sets of affective stimuli. Two sets included facial expressions of emotion, and one set included neutral and unpleasant images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cross-validated, multivariate and machine learning models showed that individual differences in CA-IMT were partially predicted by brain activity patterns evoked by unpleasant IAPS images, even after accounting for age, sex and known cardiovascular disease risk factors. CA-IMT was also predicted by brain activity patterns evoked by angry and fearful faces from one of the two stimulus sets of facial expressions, but this predictive association did not persist after accounting for known cardiovascular risk factors. The reliability (internal consistency) of brain activity patterns evoked by affective stimuli may have constrained their prediction of CA-IMT. Distributed brain activity patterns could comprise affective neural correlates of pre-clinical atherosclerosis; however, the interpretation of such correlates may depend on their psychometric properties, as well as the influence of other cardiovascular risk factors and specific affective cues.
Agreement Between Saliency Maps and Human-Labeled Regions of Interest: Applications to Skin Disease Classification

We propose to systematically identify potentially problematic patterns in skin disease classification models via quantitative analysis of agreement between saliency maps and human-labeled regions of interest. We further compute summary statistics describing patterns in this agreement for various stratifications of input examples. Through this analysis, we discover candidate spurious associations learned by the classifier and suggest next steps to handle such associations. Our approach can be used as a debugging tool to systematically spot difficult examples and error categories. Insights from this analysis could guide targeted data collection and improve model generalizability.
Abstract PO-048: Community focused research, application and translation academy for investigators

Background: Scholars and students drawn to health research with underserved communities often are motivated by their commitment to understand and change poor health outcomes. Yet, they may have limited exposure to application and translation skills and struggle to convey the potential of their work to communities. Exposure to application and translation skills training can augment scholars’ and students’ existing skills to communicate with communities, local leadership, and practitioners. Objective: The intention of Research, Application and Translation Academy (RATA) developed by the Outreach Core of the NCI funded Native American Cancer Research Prevention Partnership was to provide and augment the understanding of application and translation processes and project-specific technical assistance to develop educational information in a range of media, research- informed policy briefs, and presentations. Methods: RATA framework uses a three- stage training approach: awareness through acceptance to adoption. The training is provided to research teams, ideally with community partners. Components include: 1) Overview of terms, steps to identify characteristics of a targeted audience, and review of communication venues, e.g., presentations, radio, newspaper, social media and policy briefs; 2) team-based practice in defining characteristics and motivations of specific target audiences, message design and local methods and trusted sources of communication; and 4) implementation of communication and message strategies; and 5) evaluation of outreach. Conclusion: RATA strengths include the use of team-based exercises, a review of effective and ineffective messaging, incorporating interactive technology platforms, project-specific technical support, and evaluation metrics. Challenges are leadership investment and understanding of the importance of non-scientific dissemination, and a tendency to not incorporate RATA skills or move plans to action. With the emphasis on steps to identify the target audience, tailor the messages, use locally effective communication strategies and action, RATA can contribute to conveying that the knowledge generated in health research can benefit communities. Citation Format: Carol Goldtooth, Andria Begay, Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone. Community focused research, application and translation academy for investigators [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-048.
Presence of P/Q Voltage-gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Antibodies in Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis (1336)

Objective: We present two pediatric patients who presented to Texas Children’s Hospital with varying neurologic symptoms and ultimately diagnosed with VGCC antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis. Background: Neuronal VGCCs are present in the central nervous system and play a role in various neuronal pathways. Both P/Q and N-type VGCC antibodies have been implicated in various autoimmune neurological disorders, and are commonly paraneoplastic. These antibodies are uncommonly reported in the pediatric population, and thus the clinical presentation and oncologic association is less clear. Design/Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed with collection of demographic and clinical data. Results: A 12 year old male presented with neurologic exam consistent with cerebellar ataxia, with dysmetria, slowed speech, and behavior change. The second, a 14 year old male with neurologic exam consistent with myelitis, with weakness, hyperreflexia, and sensory level. Both patients underwent MRI, one demonstrating mild smooth enhancement of the cauda equina. Laboratory evaluation for both patients included lumbar puncture, one with elevated WBC (7) and elevated protein (55). Both with oligoclonal bands present. On paraneoplastic panel, both were found to have elevated P/Q-type VGCC antibodies, and diagnosed with VGCC antibody mediated autoimmune encephalitis. Clinical work up additionally included metabolic studies and further autoimmune studies, which were unremarkable. Patient 2 was also found to have N-type VGCC antibodies, but at a low level and felt to be non-contributory. Both patients received immunotherapy (IVMP and IVIG) with improvement in symptoms, but continued to have deficits. Both patients underwent oncologic screening, which was unrevealing. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with VGCC antibodies can present with an array of neurologic symptoms, including cerebellar ataxia, myelitis, and cognitive changes. In the pediatric population, there appears to be less correlation with oncologic disease. Patients show improvements with immune therapy, but with residual deficits in follow up. Disclosure: Dr. Fisher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shukla has nothing to disclose.
Recommending with Recommendations

Recommendation systems are a key modern application of machine learning, but they have the downside that they often draw upon sensitive user information in making their predictions. We show how to address this deficiency by basing a service's recommendation engine upon recommendations from other existing services, which contain no sensitive information by nature. Specifically, we introduce a contextual multi-armed bandit recommendation framework where the agent has access to recommendations for other services. In our setting, the user's (potentially sensitive) information belongs to a high-dimensional latent space, and the ideal recommendations for the source and target tasks (which are non-sensitive) are given by unknown linear transformations of the user information. So long as the tasks rely on similar segments of the user information, we can decompose the target recommendation problem into systematic components that can be derived from the source recommendations, and idiosyncratic components that are user-specific and cannot be derived from the source, but have significantly lower dimensionality. We propose an explore-then-refine approach to learning and utilizing this decomposition; then using ideas from perturbation theory and statistical concentration of measure, we prove our algorithm achieves regret comparable to a strong skyline that has full knowledge of the source and target transformations. We also consider a generalization of our algorithm to a model with many simultaneous targets and no source. Our methods obtain superior empirical results on synthetic benchmarks.
Supporting K-5 Learners with Dialogue Systems

Interactive learning environments have been built to support various audiences from preschool to university students. However, it is not yet known how to bring the great promise of tutorial dialogue systems, which engage students in rich natural language, to bear for young learners such as those in grades K-5. This doctoral consortium paper presents our goal of developing a dialogue system in the form of an interactive spoken dialogue agent with embedded assessment to support K-5 students in learning computer science. It discusses the challenges faced so far and how we plan to solve those challenges to bring individualized dialogue systems technology to young learners.
Investigations of Ascorbate for Direct Labeling of Antibodies with Technetium-99m

UNLABELLED Recently, a method for the direct labeling of antibodies with 99mTc was described in which sulfhydryls were reportedly generated by reduction of antibody disulfides with ascorbic acid. Thereafter, these proteins may be labeled at high efficiency with 99mTc following reduction of pertechnetate with dithionite. This investigation was initially conducted to evaluate the mechanism of the increased stability towards cysteine challenge reported for the label and subsequently to determine the role of ascorbate in the labeling process. METHODS It was possible to reproduce the reported high labeling efficiencies by increasing the dithionite concentration fivefold, presumably because of variabilities among lots of commercial sodium dithionite. RESULTS Despite success in labeling, it was not possible to confirm that antibody reduction followed the treatment with ascorbate. Using both Ellman's reagent and 2,2' dithiodipyridine as indicators, we were unable to detect sulfhydryls on one IgG antibody treated at ten times the suggested ascorbate-to-antibody molar ratio. It was estimated that the number of sulfhydryls generated could not have been more than 1% (dithiodipyridine) to 2% (Ellman's). Furthermore, radiolabeling efficiencies for two IgG antibodies and stabilities of the label to cysteine challenge were unchanged when the ascorbate was eliminated. The number of sulfhydryls generated by treatment of the antibody with dithionite at 1-2 times the concentration required for adequate labeling was about 1% (dithiodipyridine) to 5% (Ellman's). CONCLUSION For the conditions of this investigation and for the antibodies employed, ascorbate apparently played no more than a minor role at best in the labeling process. If antibody reduction occurred, this most likely was a result of residual dithionite presented to the protein along with the reduced 99mTc.
Genetic Algorithms versus Tabu Search for Instruction Scheduling

Most scheduling problems require either exponential time or space to generate an optimal answer [7]. Instruction scheduling is an instance of a general scheduling problem and Dewitt [8] uses this fact to show instruction scheduling is a NP-complete problem. This paper applies Genetic Algorithms, Tabu Search, and list scheduling to the instruction scheduling problem and compares the results obtained by each.
Tears in the Forest

We are facing unprecedented environmental destruction these days; our remaining forests are being razed at alarming rates, and the high levels of mass extinctions are unraveling the vital fabric that sustains all life on the planet. How does a sensitive person endure in the face of such devastation to stand strong and do the right thing in a manner that keeps the heart soft, open, and responsive? This essay suggests that a new and special kind of love is available to us during these challenging times—a love that is both astonishingly sweet and extremely necessary.
From the font of knowledge: Illuminating Life. Selected Papers from Cold Spring Harbor (1903–1969)

Abstract edited by Jan Witkowski, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2000. $25.00 (383 pages) ISBN 0 87969 566 8
Abstract P2-13-06: Flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy and upgrade to cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) is a recently described breast lesion that may coexist with cancer or atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). Currently, there is no consensus on whether to surgically excise FEA diagnosed by core needle biopsy. Our aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of pertinent studies to determine the frequency of upgrade to cancer or ADH at surgical excision of "pure" FEA (no other high risk lesion on core biopsy). METHODS: A retrospective search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases from 1/2003- 4/2014 to capture studies on core biopsy diagnosed FEA followed by surgical excision. Search terms were: FEA, flat epithelial atypia, DIN1A, columnar cell, breast diseases, core needle biopsy. Inclusion criteria were: 1) manuscript with original data on FEA diagnosed on core needle biopsy, 2) data included outcome of cancer at surgical excision, 3) English Language. RESULTS: Of 224 articles, 30 met inclusion criteria. Across 1420 patients with pure FEA in 30 studies, observed proportions with upgrade to cancer varied from 0-40% with a pooled estimate of 11% (95% CI: 8-15%) using a random effects model. Test for heterogeneity was statistically significant (p CONCLUSION: The pooled upgrade rate of FEA to cancer was 9-11% and upgrade to ADH was 16-17%. For patients with FEA on core needle biopsy, surgical excision should be strongly considered. Citation Format: Anatoliy V Rudin, Hoskin L Tanya, Ann M Farrell, Amy C Degnim. Flat epithelial atypia on core biopsy and upgrade to cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-06.
THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. V. VRI PHOTOMETRY OF SOUTHERN NEARBY STAR CANDIDATES

Cousins (V)RI photometry is presented for 73 nearby star candidates in the Southern Hemisphere, mostly high proper motion stars. Included are 37 stars from the lists of Wroblewski & Torres of faint high proper motion stars, for which there was no previous color information. Almost all of the stars appear to be M dwarfs or subdwarfs, several of which are probably closer than 10 pc.
Support vector machine learning-based cerebral blood flow quantification for arterial spin labeling MRI.

Purpose: To develop a multivariate machine learning classification-based cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification method for arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI. Methods: The label and control images of ASL MRI were separated using a machine-learning algorithm, the support vector machine (SVM). The perfusion-weighted image was subsequently extracted from the multivariate (all voxels) SVM classifier. Using the same pre-processing steps, the proposed method was compared with standard ASL CBF quantification method using synthetic data and in-vivo ASL images. Results: As compared with the conventional univariate approach, the proposed ASL CBF quantification method significantly improved spatial signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and image appearance of ASL CBF images. Conclusion: the multivariate machine learning-based classification is useful for ASL CBF quantification. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2869–2875, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of the in-process bond shear test for predicting gold wire bond failure modes in plastic packages

A strong relationship is found between in-process (post wirebond) bond shear test results on gold ball bonds and post-process, post-board mount wire pull results. The shear test results detect clear differences in shear strength and failure mode between two types of bond pad structures. Significant variation due to the level of ultrasonic power used in bonding was also found. The subsequent wire pull results obtained from units receiving full package assembly and simulated customer board mount agreed with the in-process shear findings of both pad structure and bonding process effects. The results have promising implications for the use of in-process bond shear as a tool for improving ball bond reliability through wirebond process control and bonding parameter optimization. >
Clifford analytic complete function systems for unbounded domains

The main theme of this paper is to construct Clifford analytic-complete function systems in the generalized Bergman spaces: BpCln(Ω):=kerD(Ω)∩LpCln(Ω), and Bp,2Cln(Ω):=ker▵(Ω)∩LpCln(Ω). These systems are used to approximate null solutions of elliptic partial differential equations of the Dirac and Laplace operators over an unbounded domain Ω in ℝn. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of abnormal E-cadherin expression by simulated prostate biopsy

AbstractPurpose: Sampling error is an inherent problem of prostate biopsy. Consequently the determination of whether a given carcinoma is clinically significant based on biopsy results is problematic. We assess the dimensions of sampling error and, thereby, provide insight into the potential value of prognostic markers applied to needle biopsies.Materials and Methods: We constructed 3-dimensional computer models of 21 prostatectomy specimens, including outlines of carcinomas, regions of abnormal E-cadherin expression and individual Gleason patterns. The 6 random systematic core biopsy technique and modifications were simulated using a computer algorithm.Results: In 6 of 21 cases the area of abnormal E-cadherin expression and/or high grade carcinoma was not sampled on 6 random systematic core biopsy. The areas missed were either small or inconsistently under sampled regions of the prostate. Modifying the placement of biopsy needles improved the detection of these features. In addition, percent tumor in the...
Grey literature and urban planning: History and accessibility

Unfortunately, Library of Congress catalog card numbers are rarely assigned to documents issued by municipal, state, and federal governments in time for inclusion in their first (and usually last) printing. In part, this is because governmental publications are considered most appropriately in the public domain, with no restrictions on quotation or reproduction; therefore, Library of Congress catalog card numbers are not assigned in advance as they frequently are for commercial publishers when copyright is requested. State and municipal governments tend to discount the vital function of libraries as depositories and central references for documentation of lasting value. Since many important documents relating to comprehensive urban planning are issued today - and will be issued increasingly in the future - by regional, state, and local governments, Library of Congress catalog card numbers or Standard Book Numbers should be available for inclusion in the initial printing. Otherwise, any electronic reference and data-processing system for city planning which utilizes general reference or standard numbers as descriptors may be seriously incomplete until the assignment of these numbers to documents is received...perhaps long after publication.
Bringing Gender into Our Discussion of Policy Issues

Abstract Policy issues can and should be addressed in courses dealing with gender and aging because health policies as well as economic policies influence life chances, health status, and the choices of treatment available and affordable to older women. Moreover, policy decisions shape and filter the development and dispersion of health knowledge, preventive practices, and decision-making regarding treatment. Policies also have biases built into them that advantage some groups while disadvantaging others; even policies that are considered gender-neutral can have gender-specific outcomes that are harmful or inequitable. This article focuses on ways to include policy issues in women's studies, health, and aging courses so that gerontology and geriatrics students are aware not only of the biological concerns associated with aging, but also of the larger social and policy environments in which health care and aging interact for older women.
A method for reduction of matrix interferences in a commercial electrothermal atomizer for atomic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract A CRA-63 atomizer has been modified by replacement of the conventional center supports with 2-pronged supports that hold the atomizer tube at both ends. This arrangement allows current to flow only across the atomizer ends. The center is heated by conduction. Large initial temperature differences (750–900 K) between the sample-containing center and the ends eliminates or decreases the interferences on Pb normally observed with this atomizer. Six chloride and one sulfate matrices were studied. Longer atomizers and higher power produced the largest temperature differences and, therefore, the best lead recoveries. At a given length, recovery eventually plateaued while the signal for lead in the absence of matrices decreased when heating power was further increased. It was concluded that further improvements would require longer tubes and a combination of end and center heating. The importance of considering interferent/analyte ratios in interpreting recovery data was examined for the interference of MgCl 2 on lead.
Continuous spectrophotometric assay of conjugated bile acid hydrolase

Conjugated bile acid hydrolase (CBAH) refers to a class of enzymes which catalyze the cleavage of the amino acid moieties from conjugated bile acids. These enzymes are significant because of their role in providing substrates for further microbial metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. They also are used in research laboratories for the deconjugation of bile acids prior to structural analyses. A continuous spectrophotometric assay for CBAH activity was developed using a conjugate of cholic acid and the chromophore, 5-amino-2-nitro-benzoic acid. The free chromophore is detected by virtue of its absorbance at 410 nm. The CBAH fromClostridium perfringens displayed aK m for this substrate of 120 μM. These results demonstrate that this new compound functions as an effective substrate of the enzyme and forms the basis for a convenient and rapid method to monitor CBAH activity.
The Relativistic Spherical Top

The classical theory of the free relativistic spherical top is first developed from a Lagrangian viewpoint. Our method allows the invariant mass to be an arbitrary function of the intrinsic spin. A canonical formalism is established following the approach suggested by Dirac for constrained Hamiltonian systems. There is a second arbitrary function in the theory, in addition to the usual one due to reparametrization invariance. The usual Newton-Wigner variables are supplemented by the Euler angles. The quantum theory of the free top is discussed. The classical theory is generalized to included charged tops with magnetic moments.
Pressure-temperature diagram for the system SrSiO3

Abstract The P-T diagram from the system SrSiO 3 was determined by equilibration and quenching of SrSiO 3 in a “belt”-type high-pressure apparatus up to nearly 70 kb and 1600°C. In agreement with others, three crystalline phases were found to be quenchable and are in equilibrium at about 47 kb and 750°C. The low-temperature form has a melting curve with a negative slope as predicted by Buckner and Roy (1).
H-2M3 presents a listeria monocytogenes peptide to cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Abstract We report evidence that a major histocompatibility complex-encoded nonclassic class I molecule presents a foreign peptide to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) during an infection. Mice immunized with virulent Listeria monocytogenes generate CD8 + CTL with αβ receptors specific for a bacterial peptide presented by a conserved class I molecule encoded in the M region of the major histocompatibility complex. The Listeria peptide is digested by carboxypeptidase Y but resists aminopeptidase M, and only peptides with N-formyl methionine competitively block its presentation to CTL. Transfection with the H-2M3 d gene enables a negative ( H-2 w17 ) cell line to present the bacterial peptide. One function, therefore, of H-2M3 is to present bacterial peptides to CTL during infection.
Role strain in collegiate athletic training approved clinical instructors.

Abstract Context: Certified athletic trainers who serve as Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) in the collegiate setting are balancing various roles (eg, patient care and related administrative ta...
Metals and activity of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase are independent of polypeptide subunits III, VII, a, and b.

Summary Bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase, depleted of polypeptide subunits by alkaline detergent treatment, was characterized with respect to metal content, optical spectral properties, and oxidase activity. Treatment with 1.0% Triton X-100 at pH 9.5 followed by anion-exchange chromatography caused removal of subunit III, subunit VII, and polypeptides a and b. The metal atom stoichiometries of the control and the polypeptide-depleted enzyme were in both cases 2.5Cu/2Fe/lZn/1Mg with metal-to-protein ratios significantly greater in the latter. The treated enzyme exhibited a red shifted oxidized Soret maximum and bound carbon monoxide upon reduction. Activity was markedly decreased by the treatment but was restored to control levels by incubation with 0.3% Tween 80 at pH 6.0. Therefore, subunit III, subunit VII, polypeptide a, and polypeptide b do not contain Cu, Fe, Zn, or Mg and are not essential for reduction of O 2 by ferrocytochrome c .
Radiance functions that depend nonlinearly on the cross-spectral density

Recently a new definition of radiance was proposed [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A1, 556 ( 1984)] that depends nonlinearly on the cross-spectral density of the field and satisfies the three major postulates of traditional radiometry. We show that there are an infinite number of such radiance functions. Their utility is discussed.
Defect production in ion-irradiated aluminum☆

Abstract Residual-resistivity measurements on ion-irradiated thin films are used to study defect production in aluminum. The energy and mass dependences of damage rates indicate that defect production efficiency (relative to the modified Kinchin-Pease relation) strongly decreases at recoil energies between 5 and 10 keV. At high energy the efficiency approaches an asymptotic value of 0.5. These results are similar to those observed in copper and silver. Binary-collision simulations were performed for copper, silver and aluminum to investigate the relationship of cascade structure to defect production efficiency. The mechanism primarily responsible for the reduced defect production efficiency in cascades in aluminum is thought to be the subthreshold recombination of Frenkel pairs during the thermal-spike phase of the cascade.
Ultraviolet and fluorescence characterization of purines and pyrimidines by post-column pH manipulation

Abstract A method to enhance the fluorescence of purines and pyrimidines using a post-column reactor was developed. Since the ionized forms of these compounds have distinctive optical properties, fluorescence as well as ultraviolet data at various pH could be obtained for the characterization of these biologically important compounds. This method of identification has several advantages. The on-line technique to protonate or deprotonate the molecules is rapid. The method is non-destructive and permits the collection of chromatographic fractions for further analysis. The eluents normally used for the separations of purines and pyrimidines can be used without modification. In addition, using fluorescence, some methylated purines can be determined at levels as low as 1 picomole
Scale-dependent Factors Affecting North American River Otter Distribution in the Midwest

The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is recovering from near extirpation throughout much of its range. Although reintroductions, trapping regulations and habitat improvements have led to the reestablishment of river otters in the Midwest, little is known about how their distribution is influenced by local- and landscape-scale habitat. We conducted river otter sign surveys from Jan. to Apr. in 2008 and 2009 in eastern Kansas to assess how local- and landscape-scale habitat factors affect river otter occupancy. We surveyed three to nine 400-m stretches of stream and reservoir shorelines for 110 sites and measured local-scale variables (e.g., stream order, land cover types) within a 100 m buffer of the survey site and landscape-scale variables (e.g., road density, land cover types) for Hydrological Unit Code 14 watersheds. We then used occupancy models that account for the probability of detection to estimate occupancy as a function of these covariates using Program PRESENCE. The best-fitting model indicated river otter occupancy increased with the proportion of woodland cover and decreased with the proportion of cropland and grassland cover at the local scale. Occupancy also increased with decreased shoreline diversity, waterbody density and stream density at the landscape scale. Occupancy was not affected by land cover or human disturbance at the landscape scale. Understanding the factors and scale important to river otter occurrence will be useful in identifying areas for management and continued restoration.
Impact of Product Involvement, Message Format, and Receiver Sex on the Efficacy of Comparative Advertising Messages.

Although comparative advertising accounts for nearly half of all television commercial messages, much remains to be learned about its use and effectiveness. This investigation probed the role and impact of receiver involvement in product class, comparative message format, and receiver sex on the relative effectiveness of comparative advertising messages. The results indicate that females and males respond uniquely to comparative advertising, revealing consistent patterns regarding both circumstances and approaches. The findings of this study suggest important nuances for advertising professionals in their efforts to design and to target comparative messages.