cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A high carbohydrate-fat free diet alters the proportion of heparin-bound VLDL in plasma and the expression of VLDL-apoB-100 epitopes.

High carbohydrate-fat free diets (CHO-diet) induce the secretion of increased numbers of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and alter the composition and metabolism of VLDL. The aims of this study were to examine VLDL in greater detail, specifically to document any CHO-diet-induced alterations of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) epitope expression of VLDL, and any changes induced in subclasses of VLDL, as defined by heparin Sepharose chromatography. Fifteen normolipidemic subjects participated in the study by eating a basal typical American diet for 7 days and high carbohydrate diet (85% carbohydrate, <1% fat) for another 7 days. The sequence was changed in seven subjects. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations. Heparin affinity VLDL subclasses were characterized chemically and electrophoretically [sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)]. Immunoreactivities of apoB in VLDL were tested in solid phase competitive-binding radioimmunoassays (RIAs) using five monoclonal anti-B antibodies that react with defined epitopes of apoB-100. The CHO diet produced consistent increases of plasma triglycerides in all subjects by a mean of 66% and decreases in plasma cholesterol by 18%. ApoB in plasma decreased by 21% and apoA-I by 17%; however, apoE and ApoA-II did not change. VLDL was enriched with triglycerides (55.0% ± 0.8 v 57.0% ± 0.7, P < .05) and apoE (3.7% ± 0.5 to 5.9% ± 0.7, P < .007) and the ratio between apoE and apoC in VLDL increased (0.15 ± 0.03 to 0.25 ± 0.03, P < .002). In RIAs with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) B1B3 and B1B6 that define epitopes located near the LDL receptor recognition region of apoB-100, CHO-VLDL showed decreased immunoreactivity (ED50s, in μg/mL, rose from 3.9 ± 1.0 to 5.4 ± 1.6, P < .03 and 3.8 ± 0.9 to 6.4 ± 1.3, P < .02, respectively). RIAs using the other three MoAbs with epitopes located in the middle and near the amino terminus of apoB-100 demonstrated no significant changes. The proportion of VLDL not bound by the heparin column was increased from 0.137 ± 0.02 on the basal diet to 0.23 ± 0.03 on CHO diet (P < .009) and the unbound CHO-VLDL contained more phosphatidylethanolamine relative to sphingomyelin (1.54 ± 0.2 to 2.32 ± −0.2, P < .009). Our data suggest that diets may have differential affects on these two subpopulations of VLDL.
The hyperring: a low-congestion deterministic data structure for distributed environments

In this paper we study the problem of designing searchable concurrent data structures with performance guarantees that can be used in a distributed environment where data elements are stored in a dynamically changing set of nodes. Searchable data structures are data structures that provide three basic operations: INSERT, DELETE, and SEARCH. In addition to searching for an exact match, we demand that for a data structure to be called "searchable", Search also has to be able to search for the closest successor or predecessor of a data item. Such a property has a tremendous advantage over just exact match, because it would allow to implement many data base applications.We are interested in finding a searchable concurrent data structure that has (1) a low degree, (2) requires a small amount of work for INSERT and DELETE operations, and (3) is able to handle concurrent search requests with low congestion and dilation.We present the first deterministic concurrent data structure, called Hyperring, that can fulfill all of these objectives in a polylogarithmic way. In fact, the Hyperring has a degree of O(log n), requires O(log3n) work for INSERT and DELETE operations, and can handle concurrent search requests to random destinations, one request per node, with congestion and dilation O(log n) w.h.p.Most of the previous solutions for distributed environments are not searchable (in our sense) but only provide exact lookup, and those that are searchable do not have proofs about the congestion caused by concurrent search requests.
Fracture in Silicon Nitride and Alumina thin Films: a Molecular Dynamics Study

Fracture in thin films of silicon nitride and alumina is investigated with large-scale multiresolution molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations on parallel computers. The simulations for alumina include dynamic charge transfer effects based on electronegativity equalization. Results for structural and dynamic correlations and the effects of temperature and orientation of film on fracture dynamics and morphology of fracture surfaces are presented.
Peroxisomes in the head of Drosophila melanogaster

Peroxisomes were localized in the head of wild-type and mutant strains of Drosophila melanogaster by use of a cytochemical method for the demonstration of D-amino acid oxidase activity. With similar techniques we had found previously that vertebrate photoreceptors have few, if any, bodies with cytochemically demonstrable oxidase activity, but that the pigment epithelial cells adjacent to the photoreceptors have a substantial population of such bodies. Peroxisomes in Drosophila were very abundant in the fat body. Probable peroxisomes were also present in the peripheral retina of the eye, including in retinular (retinula) and pigment cells, but there were very few of them. Thus, our results suggest that the fat body, which lies adjacent to the eye, is the principal site of peroxisomal function in the head. Peroxisome functions in the Drosophila head may include participation in the genesis of eye pigments.
Collateral consequences of sex offender residence restrictions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the unintended consequences of policies that restrict where sex offenders can live. In Broward County, FL, 109 sex offenders were surveyed regarding the psychosocial, economic, and practical impact of such laws on their daily lives. Results revealed that sex offenders subjected to residence restrictions reported decreased housing availability, increased homelessness and transience, and financial hardship. Residence restrictions forced them to live farther away from employment opportunities, treatment services, and public transportation. Younger offenders were particularly impacted. Low risk offenders were affected equally to higher risk offenders. The vast majority reported that they did not believe that such laws prevent child sexual abuse or assist sex offenders with risk management. The implications of the findings are discussed, including the potential for these laws to create psychosocial stressors that increase risk for recidivism, and to interfere with e...
Precise major component determinations in deep-sea sediments using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract Experiments using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) on a set of powdered deep-sea sediment samples show that it is an efficient method of quantifying the relative abundances of quartz, clay, and calcite. Ratios of absorption bands characteristic of different minerals are precise and reproducible to a relative error of about 1 % provided that samples are ground to
Dual-function microanalytical device by in situ photolithographic grafting of porous polymer monolith: integrating solid-phase extraction and enzymatic digestion for peptide mass mapping.

Microfluidic devices with a dual function containing both a solid-phase extractor and an enzymatic microreactor have been prepared, and their operation has been demonstrated. The devices were fabricated from a 25-mm-long porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith prepared within a 50-μm-i.d. capillary. This capillary with a pulled 9−12-μm needle tip was used as a nanoelectrospray emitter coupling the device to a mass spectrometer. Photografting with irradiation through a mask was then used to selectively functionalize a 20-mm-long portion of the monolith, introducing reactive poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) chains to enable the subsequent attachment of trypsin, thereby creating an enzymatic microreactor with high proteolytic activity. The other 5 mm of unmodified hydrophobic monolith served as micro solid-phase extractor (μSPE). The dual-function devices were used in two different flow directions; concentration of myoglobin that was absorbed from its dilute solution, followed ...
The metastatic potential of experimental pulmonary metastases

Abstract A series of experimental small animal studies further explores the potential of metastasizing tumors to develop further metastases. They demonstrate that immunization to an immunogenic methylcholanthrene-induced (MCA) tumor does not decrease the production of tumors by tumor cells circulating in the vascular tree. Paradoxically, the survival of circulating tumor cells in the tumor-immune host is shown to be dependent upon factors which seem to be serum-mediated and which are produced by tumor immunization. Pulmonary metastases behave in a similar manner to the primary tumors in that tumor cells shed from either the metastases or the primary can colonize elsewhere, particularly when facilitated by serum factors which are shown to be elicited by tumor immunization. Until data from human studies shows that these phenomena are not applicable to the clinical situation, it seems appropriate to consider these experimental findings when making clinical decisions related to whether metastatic deposits of tumor can shed tumor cells which will produce additional metastases.
Elastic scattering of 21-MeV protons from nitrogen 14, oxygen 16, argon 40, nickel 58, and tin 116

Elastic scattering of 21 MeV protons from nitrogen 14, oxygen 16, argon 40, nickel 58, and tin 116
Absorption and scattering by fractal aggregates and by their equivalent coated spheres

Abstract This paper demonstrates that the absorption and scattering cross-sections and the asymmetry factor of randomly oriented fractal aggregates of spherical monomers can be rapidly estimated as those of coated spheres with equivalent volume and average projected area. This was established for fractal aggregates with fractal dimension ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 and composed of up to 1000 monodisperse or polydisperse monomers with a wide range of size parameter and relative complex index of refraction. This equivalent coated sphere approximation was able to capture the effects of both multiple scattering and shading among constituent monomers on the integral radiation characteristics of the aggregates. It was shown to be superior to the Rayleigh–Debye–Gans approximation and to the equivalent coated sphere approximation proposed by Latimer. However, the scattering matrix element ratios of equivalent coated spheres featured large angular oscillations caused by internal reflection in the coating which were not observed in those of the corresponding fractal aggregates. Finally, the scattering phase function and the scattering matrix elements of aggregates with large monomer size parameter were found to have unique features that could be used in remote sensing applications.
Malignant giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone and its differential diagnosis

Nine cases of giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone have been previously reported. The present case is the tenth reported case and is unusual in that this is a malignant giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone. No other previously reported case was classified as malignant. In all previously reported cases, the sella turcica was destroyed, and the main destruction was in the body of the sphenoid. In this case, the sella turcica is unaffected, and most of the destruction is confined to the greater wing of the sphenoid. The differential diagnosis includes those pathologic conditions causing osteolytic destruction of the greater wing of the sphenoid without hyperostosis or calcification and without involvement of the superior orbital fissure or sella turcica.
Evaluation of neutropenia and neutrophilia in hospitalized preterm infants.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the time course of changes in neutrophil counts, and to draw comparisons across four gestational age groups with respect to incidence of neutropenia and neutrophilia over the first months of life in a single center. STUDY DESIGN: Weekly complete blood counts (CBC) were collected on all NICU patients. Changes in neutrophil counts over time were examined, the incidence of neutropenia (≤1100/mm3) and neutrophilia (≥15,000/mm3 before, and ≥6000/mm3 after 60 hours of life) were determined, and clinical correlations sought. RESULTS: A total of 2038 CBCs from 347 infants were evaluated. Changes in neonatal neutrophil counts were associated with gestational age, postnatal age, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), and infection, either presumed or documented. Overall, neutropenia occurred 91 times in 50 infants (14% of infants), and the prevalence decreased with maturity and increased with exposure to PIH. In the first week of life, 69% of the neutropenia occurred in infants exposed to PIH. Neutrophilia occurred 579 times in 146 infants (42% of infants), and the prevalence decreased with maturity. Neutrophil deviations from the normal range were often asymptomatic and not associated with recognized clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and prevalence of neutrophil abnormalities increased with immaturity, and were more common than previously appreciated in hospitalized preterm infants.
Lake Maracaibo and Weddell Sea: Comparison in Petroleum Geology

The present structure of the Weddell Sea is very similar to that of the Maracaibo basin during mid-Tertiary time. Comparisons of late Mesozoic and early Tertiary sedimentation in the two regions and of their subsequent geologic development suggest that the Weddell Sea may be an area of important oil reserves.
An integrated approach to fault tolerance

Describes Manetho, an experimental protocol system, whose goal is to explore the extent to which transparent fault tolerance can be added to long-running distributed applications. Transparent techniques are attractive because they can automatically add fault tolerance to existing applications that were written without consideration for reliability. Previous techniques for providing transparent fault-tolerance relied on rollback-recovery. However, rollback recovery is not appropriate for server processes where the lack of service during rollback is intolerable. Furthermore, rollback-recovery assumes that a process can be restarted on any available host. As a result, extended downtime cannot be tolerated for example in file servers, which have to run on the host where the disks reside. Manetho solves these problems with an integrated approach by using process replication for server processes and rollback-recovery for client processes. >
Spacelab Utilization For Future Optics Technology And Applications

During the timeframe from 1980 to the year 2000, optics technology and applications experiments will require spacecraft that yield the maximum benefit at minimum cost. Current NASA plans include Spacelab, Power Extension Package (PEP), 25 kW Power System (PS), and a Science Applications and Space Platform (SASP), to satisfy the user needs in low earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GEO). The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the optics technology user with NASA planning applicable to his future needs. This paper identifies current NASA concepts, including Spacelab hardware, that can be utilized to achieve a broad spectrum of optics scientific and application missions. Evolving configurations of Spacelab hardware elements will be shown that can be utilized as an orbital test platform in LEO and GEO.
Block Copolymers Containing Liquid Crystalline Segments

The interest in block copolymers containing liquid crystalline (LC) segments is due to the resulting interplay between mesophase formation and the microphase structure which creates opportunities in tailoring their nanostructure. This review summarizes recent literature reporting LC-coil block copolymers with well controlled microphase morphologies produced using living methods. Developing applications are also described and include LC displays and low energy surfaces.
An evaluation of a stepdown amino-acid feeding program for commercial pullets to 20 weeks of age.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the use of a feeding program based on dietary amino-acid levels for commercial egg-production replacement pullets from 8 to 20 wk of age. HyLine W-36 pullets were used in Experiment 1; and HiSex White pullets were used in Experiment 2. All pullets were fed a starter diet calculated to contain 21% CP for the first 8 wk of age. From 8 to 20 wk of age, they were fed 10 series of diets calculated to provide various levels of TSAA, lysine (Lys), tryptophan (Trp), and arginine (Arg) at various ages. The levels of each of these amino acids were lowered every 2 weeks. The following levels of amino acids, based on calculated values suggested for corn and soybean meal, were found to be adequate from 8 to 20 wk, with linear reductions at biweekly intervals: .54 to .42% TSAA (.28 to .21% methionine), .64 to .48% lysine, .18 to .14% tryptophan, and .96 to .78% arginine.
Ultrasensitive vapor detection with surface-enhanced Raman scattering-active gold nanoparticle immobilized flow-through multihole capillaries.

We developed novel flow-through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms using gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) immobilized multihole capillaries for rapid and sensitive vapor detection. The multihole capillaries consisting of thousands of micrometer-sized flow-through channels provide many unique characteristics for vapor detection. Most importantly, its three-dimensional SERS-active micro-/nanostructures make available multilayered assembly of Au-NPs, which greatly increase SERS-active surface area within a focal volume of excitation and collection, thus improving the detection sensitivity. In addition, the multihole capillary’s inherent longitudinal channels offer rapid and convenient vapor delivery, yet its micrometer-sized holes increase the interaction between vapor molecules and SERS-active substrate. Experimentally, rapid pyridine vapor detection (within 1 s of exposure) and ultrasensitive 4-nitrophenol vapor detection (at a sub-ppb level) were successfully achieved in open air at room temperat...
The Use of Electrical Stimulation and Taping to Address Shoulder Subluxation for a Patient With Central Cord Syndrome

Background and Purpose. This case report describes the examination, intervention, and outcome of a patient with central cord syndrome (CCS) who participated in acute rehabilitation that included the use of electrical stimulation (ES) and strapping to address shoulder subluxation. The only literature found describing these interventions for shoulder subluxation was for patients with stroke. Case Description. The patient was a 29-year-old man with CCS and bilateral shoulder subluxation. He received ES over 8 weeks to the anterior and middle deltoid and supraspinatus muscles of the right shoulder. Taping was repeated every 3 to 4 days on both shoulders following over the anterior and middle deltoid muscles up to the acromion. Outcomes. The initial shoulder subluxation measurements were 1.5 cm on the right and 1.0 cm on the left. The final measurements were 0.3 cm on the right and 0.2 cm on the left. The patient's American Spinal Injury Association upper-extremity motor scores were 26/50 initially and 48/50 at discharge. Conclusion. The use of ES and shoulder taping in conjunction with other rehabilitation may have played a role in reducing the patient's shoulder subluxation.
The Role of Friends’ Appearance and Behavior on Evaluations of Individuals on Facebook: Are We Known by the Company We Keep?

This research explores how cues deposited by social partners onto one’s online networking profile affect observers’ impressions of the profile owner. An experiment tested the relationships between both (a) what one’s associates say about a person on a social network site via ‘‘wall postings,’’ where friends leave public messages, and (b) the physical attractiveness of one’s associates reflected in the photos that accompany their wall postings on the attractiveness and credibility observers attribute to the target profile owner. Results indicated that profile owners’ friends’ attractiveness affected their own in an assimilative pattern. Favorable or unfavorable statements about the targets interacted with target gender: Negatively valenced messages about certain moral behaviors increased male profile owners’ perceived physical attractiveness, although they caused females to be viewed as less attractive.
DETERIORATED POLLEN GRAINS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF QUATERNARY POLLEN DIAGRAMS

Abstract Pollen assemblages are often altered by deterioration, which results in biased grain counts and possibly erroneous paleoecologic interpretations. Distorted counts are caused by (1) progressive pollen deterioration (a new preservation category), (2) differential pollen preservation, (3) differential recognition of poorly preserved grains, and (4) different kinds of deterioration in different sediment types. The best indicators that pollen assemblages have been altered are high frequencies of deteriorated grains and low total pollen concentrations.
In situ skin grafting of free muscle flaps prior to microvascular transfer to provide intraoral lining for full-thickness defects.

Background. Previously, the importance of providing skin for intraoral lining for full-thickness mucocutaneous defects has been emphasized. More recently, simple skin grafting of the intraoral portion of muscle flaps has been described. Methods. Six patients were evaluated who had full-thickness mucocutaneous defects reconstructed by means of free muscle flaps with skin grafting of the intraoral muscle surface. An illustrative case is provided. A technique of preplacing the skin graft on the muscle prior to microvascular transfer is described. Mucosal biopsies were performed at the reconstruction site. Results. All patients had complete take of the skin grafts. No fistulas occurred. Functional and esthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusions. The ideal candidate for this form of reconstruction is one in whom there is a large, full-thickness mucocutaneous defect. Preplacement of the skin graft reduces ischemia time, allows suturing of the skin graft to the muscle surface outside the narrow confines of the oral cavity, and enables placement of multiple quilting sutures that secure the graft against shear forces and so obviate the need for a stent dressing. © 1995 Jons Wiley & Sons, Inc.
GENETIC TYPES OF OILS IN THE PETROLIFEROUS BASINS OF CUBA

Two oil- and gas basins, the North Cuban and the Central Cuban, have been discovered in Cuba and the nearby offshore areas. The North Cuban basin developed as a result of a complete cycle of inter-plate geodynamic evolution (divergence-convergence-isostatic adjustment of the plates), and the South Cuban basin formed during the phase of convergence and isostatic adjustment of the plates. The hydrocarbon deposits discovered in the North Cuban basin are marked by their exceptional variety, and include deposits of light and heavy oils, and even asphalt. The geological conditions of their occurrence are also varied. In this paper the authors present the results of a study of the oils and a discussion of their association with the source beds. For Cuba the solution of these problems is of special importance owing to the complexity of its geological structure and, in particular, the presence of oil deposits of varied composition in the overthrust complexes of the eugeosynclinal and miogeosynclinal allochthon and para-autochthon, as well as in the sediments of the autochthonous complex. 4 references.
Magnesium chloride supported high-mileage catalysts for olefin polymerization. IV. FTIR and quantitative analysis of modifiers in the catalysts

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained for a typical MgCl2-supported, high-mileage catalyst for propylene polymerization. When ball-milling MgCl2 with ethyl benzoate (EB), the latter is incorporated into the support (I) by Lewis acid-base complexation involving both oxygen atoms of the ester. Reaction of (I) with p-cresol (PC) resulted in a material (II) that contains all the characteristic IR bands of PC. The reaction of (II) that contains all the characteristic IR bands of PC. The reaction of (II) with AlEt3 (TEA) resulted in (III) whose spectrum supports the reaction observed by product analysis and NMR spectroscopy. There was no evidence of any reaction between TEA and EB. Further reaction of (III) with an excess of TiCl4 caused substantial removal of the p-cresol moiety as shown by the diminution of its characteristic bands. Finally, activation with 3TEA-1MT (methyl-p-toluate) complexes gave spectra that revealed the presence of MT in the activated catalyst without any visage of p-cresol moiety. The nondestructive FTIR method, however, is not quantitative. Quantitative analysis of the organic components in the support materials (I), (II), and (III) and the catalysts was accomplished by hydrolysis of the inorganic components, extraction with ether, and analysis by gas chromatography. The results are in good agreement with composition deducted from elemental analysis and substantiate the FTIR conclusions.
RankBoost with l1 regularization for facial expression recognition and intensity estimation

Most previous facial expression analysis works only focused on expression recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of facial expression analysis based on the ranking model. Different from previous works, it not only can do facial expression recognition, but also can estimate the intensity of facial expression, which is very important to further understand human emotion. Although it is hard to label expression intensity quantitatively, the ordinal relationship in temporal domain is actually a good relative measurement. Based on this observation, we convert the problem of intensity estimation to a ranking problem, which is modeled by the RankBoost. The output ranking score can be directly used for intensity estimation, and we also extend the ranking function for expression recognition. To further improve the performance, we propose to introduce l1 based regularization into the Rankboost. Experiments on the Cohn-Kanade database show that the proposed method has a promising performance compared to the state-of-the-art.
Nitrogen mineralization in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in the southern United States

Information on temporal and spatial patterns of N mineralization is critical in designing tree-crop mixed systems that could maximize N uptake while minimizing N loss. We quantified N mineralization rates in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in northwestern Florida with (non-barrier) and without tree-crop belowground interactions (barrier separating the root systems of pecan and cotton). Monthly rates of mineralization were estimated using buried bag incubations over a 15-month period. In addition, seasonal mineralization rates and cotton lint yield on soils supplied with two sources of N—inorganic fertilizer and organic poultry litter—were assessed. Results indicated that temporal variations in net NH4 and NO3 accumulation and mineralization rates were driven primarily by environmental factors and to a lesser degree by initial soil NH4 and NO3 levels. Mineralization varied by belowground interaction treatment during the initial growing season, when the non-barrier treatment exhibited a higher mineralization rate than the barrier treatment, likely due to reduced nutrient uptake by cotton in the non-barrier or a higher degree of immobilization in the barrier treatment. Mineralization during the second growing season was similar for both treatments. Source of N had no effects on N transformation in the soil. Lint yield reductions were observed in the non-barrier treatment during both years compared to the barrier treatment, likely due to interspecific competition for water. Yield differences between treatments in the second growing season were likely compounded by a diminishing pre-study fallow effect. Source of N was found to have a significant effect on cotton yield, with inorganic fertilizer resulting in 39% higher lint compared to poultry litter in the barrier treatment.
Sesquiterpene carboxylic acids from a wild tomato species affect larval feeding behavior and survival of Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Abstract The sesquiterpene carboxylic acids (SCA), (+)-(E)-α-santalen-12-oic, (−)-(E)-endo-α-bergamoten-12-oic, and (+)-(E)-endo-β-bergamoten-12-oic acid, are produced in glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. typicum Humb. & Bonpl. accession (LA) 1777, which is highly resistant to a range of pests of cultivated tomatoes, L. esculentum Mill. Exposure of the larvae of two key tomato pests, tomato fruitworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)], to these compounds in diets and on leaf surfaces resulted in reduced development rates and survival and deterred feeding. These effects were observed when levels of SCA, in artificial insect diet, applied to leaflets of susceptible cultivars, or synthesized in trichomes of leaves of plants, exceeded 2 mg SCA/g of diet or fresh leaf weight. This study suggests that cultivated tomatoes capable of synthesizing SCA, at 2 mg SCA/g of leaf tissue or greater, on their leaves and fruit would display enhanced host plant resistance...
Ecology of the Red‐Tide Dinoflagellate Ceratium furca: Distribution, Mixotrophy, and Grazing Impact on Ciliate Populations of Chesapeake Bay

Ceratium furca is a primarily photosynthetic dinoflagellate also capable of ingesting other protists. During 1995 and 1996, we documented the abundance of C. furca in Chesapeake Bay and determined grazing rates on prey labeled with fluorescent microspheres. Abundance usually remained below 20 cells ml(-1), although the species was capable of localized late-summer blooms (< or = 478 cells ml(-1)) in the more saline lower to mid-Bay region. Feeding rates ranged from 0 to 0.11 prey dinoflagellate(-1) h(-1) or from 0 to 37 pg C dinoflagellate(-1) h(-1) and were highest at lower salinities. Clearance rates averaged 2.5 +/- 0.35 microl dinoflagellate(-1) h(-1). Impact of C. furca feeding on prey populations was higher in the lower Bay, averaging 67% of Strobilidium spp. removed d(-1). Ingestion rates were positively correlated with prey abundance and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, but negatively with salinity, depth, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and inorganic P:N ratio. Daily consumption of prey biomass by C. furca averaged 4.6% of body carbon, 6.5% of body nitrogen, and 4.0% of body phosphorus. with maximal values of 36, 51, and 32%, respectively. Thus, the ability to exploit an organic nutrient source when inorganic nutrients are limiting may give C. furca a competitive advantage over purely photosynthetic species.
The Predual of a Type I Von Neumann Algebra

A von Neumann algebra A on a separable, complex Hilbert space H has property A n if for every n × n array {f i , j } of elements in the predual there exist sequences {x i }, {y j } in H such that f i , j (a) = (ax i , y j ) for all a in A and 0 ≤ i, j < n. We characterize the type I von Neumann algebras with property A n .
Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy

It has been more than 30 years since the first aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) was tested in diabetic and galactosemic rats and found to control the polyol accumulation. Since then, a considerable number of ARIs have been tested in experimental and human diabetes. Despite the initial encouraging results from tests that were conducted for the past 20 years, ARIs have not been established for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy yet. The main reasons for this are inconsistent results and the unacceptable high rate of side-effects associated with the initially tested compounds. The lack of well-defined end points and the inability to produce an inhibitor that achieves satisfactory tissue penetration and enzyme inhibition are other major contributing factors for this failure. This chapter focuses on the clinical trials that have examined the effect of all tested ARIs on human diabetic neuropathy.
Should Manufacturers and Sellers of Lethal Products Be Subject to Criminal Prosecution

The topic of the symposium is "crimtorts." The term was created by Professors Thomas Koenig and Michael Rustad in a 1998 law review article. It refers to the area between criminal law and torts: those "corporate crimes" (actually torts) where punitive damages are available to the plaintiff. Crimtorts centers on corporate acts that injure numerous persons, such as the Ford Pinto case. My paper lies at the heart of the crimtorts debate. The question presented is whether products liability should be criminalized at the federal level. Does it make good sense to fine or imprison employees, manufacturers, dealers, or retailers who sell products that knowingly cause death or serious bodily injury? This specific issue was presented when Senator Specter recently proposed that persons who manufacture lethal products should be imprisoned or fined.
Multicolor wavefront reconstruction.

Two and three primary colors derived from an He–Ne gas laser and an argon gas laser were employed in recording and reconstructing holograms. For the tricolor case it is possible to reconstruct a three-dimensional multicolor image which possesses almost all the natural hues of the original object. Each wavelength generates an independent fringe system that is recorded on a photographic plate with a thick emulsion that constitutes a three-dimensional recording medium. In reconstruction, each fringe system diffracts light in a manner satisfying the Bragg relation for a particular reconstructing wavelength. If the reconstruction wavelengths are the same as the original wavelengths used to record the fringe systems, the result is a multicolor reconstruction possessing few or no ghost images. In our experiments, the angle between the object beam and the reference beam was greater than 100°, and the photographic plates were oriented so that the fringe surfaces were approximately perpendicular to the emulsion surface. This minimized the deleterious effects of single-color, ghost image formation and shrinkage during development. Finally, a method of synthesizing multicolor scenes using a multiple-exposure recording with one wavelength and reconstructing with several wavelengths is described.
High-Quality Electron Beams Generated by Laser Wakefield Acceleration in a Preformed Plasma Channel

Generation of ultrashort ( 150 MeV) electron bunches via laser beam guiding and electron trapping in the accelerating plasma wakes provide electron beams relevant for future accelerators and applications.
Recovery of Male Moths of the Lesser Peachtree Borer , in a Peach Orchard

When marked male moths of Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson) were released near the center and at several distances outside a 60-acre peach orchard in 1966 and 1967, the recovery in 60 traps (baited with virgin females) in the orchard showed that the released moths dispersed throughout the orchard. The percentage recovery of releases in the orchard depended largely on the total number of caged females used in the 60 traps: a total of 120 ♀ recovered 61% of the release in 1966 and a total of 360 ♀ recovered 82% of the release in 1967. However, when moths were released outside the orchard, recovery depended more on the distance of the release site from the orchard: traps ¼ and 4 miles away recovered 47 and 6% of the moths, respectively.
Studies in Colorado Fungi—I. Discomycetes

The present report is based on a collection of fungi made by the writer and Professor Elsworth Bethel, during a part of last August and September, in the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of Denver. The most of the collections were made about Tolland, on the Moffat Road, at an elevation of 9,000 to I0,000 feet, at Golden, in the foothills, at an elevation of 6,000 feet, and in Geneva Creek Canyon, at elevations of 8,000 to nearly I4,000 feet. Of a collection of 900 specimens, about 250 were included in the discomycetes. A critical study of these has revealed a number of points of interest, and, for this reason, a list of the species determined is reported in the following paper, with comments on those which are of especial interest. A number of species collected I have been unable to determine, and these are held for more critical study. Specimens of the species reported here are deposited in the herbarium of the Garden.
Joining of ZrO2/Cermet/Ni Alloy using Spark Plasma Sintering.

A spark plasma sintering(SPS) was applied to sintering and joining of ceramics, cermet and Ni alloy. Cermet was Ti75C25-20mass%Ni which was synthesized by mechanical alloying(MA) process of elemental powders of Ti, C and Ni. TiC, Ni, NiTi and NiTi2 are synthesized by exothermic reaction in heating from this MA powder. When the mixture of Ni powder and Al powder was used as Ni alloy, the joining at 1073K was able to be done in SPS process. However, Ni powder needs 1273K for the joining. This is because the interface of Ti75C25-20mass%Ni/Ni alloy is joined with the compound of Ti and Al. Although ZrO2 was joined with the cermet at more than 1073K in SPS process, the cracks were observed in the ZrO2 layer.As the plasma in sintering was not observed in this study, the joining and sintering of ceramics/cermet/Ni alloy in SPS depends on the same principle as a hot pressing.
The effect of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclear lesions placed at 108-110 days gestational age on plasma ACTH concentrations in the fetal sheep.

Lesions that completely destroyed the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were placed in fetal sheep (n = 4) at 108-110 days of gestational age. These fetuses were then subjected to hypotension (50% of initial mean fetal arterial blood pressure), hypoxaemia (a decrease in fetal PaO2 greater than or equal to 5 torr) and bolus injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF-1.0 micrograms iv) in random order on successive days. The lesioned fetuses produced significantly less ACTH after hypotension (+10 min: 35.7 +/- 26.9 vs. 358.0 +/- 99.7 and +30 min: 28.2 +/- 12.2 vs. 238.0 +/- 73.0 pg.ml-1) (P less than 0.05), hypoxaemia (+40 min: 23.5 +/- 9.3 vs. 198.3 +/- 75.8 and +60 min: 32.3 +/- 18.8 vs. 295.3 +/- 99.9 pg.ml-1) (P less than 0.05) and intravenous administration of 1 microgram CRF (+15 min: 32.0 +/- 16.8 vs. 145.7 +/- 25.0 and +60 min: 33.0 +/- 23.3 vs. 161.3 +/- 43.1 pg.ml-1) (P less than 0.05). Our experiments suggest an important role for the fetal paraventricular nucleus in control of ACTH secretion. They also indicate that impairment of paraventricular nucleus function at this stage of fetal life may have a detrimental effect on the ability of the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH in response to exogenous CRF.
Person-Oriented and Subject-Specific Methodology: Some Additional Remarks

Objections that dynamic factor analysis, a prime subject-specific variable-oriented method, enables testing of all central person-oriented theoretical principles are answered in principled ways and a conjecture is presented regarding the relation between personand variable-oriented methods.
Study on piezoelectric quartz crystal microarray immunosensor of detecting Agkistrodon halys

【Objective】 To access the possibility of detecting Agkistrodon halys by the piezoelectric microarray immunosensor.【Method】Building the microarray immunosensor with quartz crystal of 10 MHz AT-cut and goldcoated electrodes in 2 ×5 style.Immobilizing of venom antibody was accomplished by Thiol method and self-assembling,then detecting venom in serials concentration.【Results】 Experimental results showed that the most suitable concentration of antibody was 4.04 μg/ml,the response time was 40 minutes,the piezoelectric immunosensor had good response to homologous venoms,the frequency shifts were linearly depend on the venom concentration in the range of 0.1 ～5.0 μg/ml,and had poor response in concentration lower than 0.1μg/ml.【Conclusion】Piezoelectric microarray immunosensor for detecting venoms of Agkistrodon halys had characterization of high sensitivity,simple operation and no marking.It will be possible to test snakebite quickly quantitatively and instrumentally by means of the technology of piezoelectric microarray immunosensor.
Methylene Blue Exciton States Steer Nonradiative Relaxation: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Methylene Blue Dimer.

The photochemistry and aggregation properties of methylene blue (MB) lead to its popular use in photodynamic therapy. The facile formation of strongly coupled “face-to-face” H-aggregates in concentrated aqueous solution, however, significantly changes its spectroscopic properties and photophysics. The photoinitiated dynamics of the simplest MB aggregate, MB2, was investigated over femtosecond to nanosecond time scales revealing sequential internal conversion events that fully relax the excited population. MB monomer dynamics were analyzed in tandem for a direct comparison. First, ultrafast internal conversion from the electric-dipole allowed upper exciton state to the lower forbidden exciton state was evaluated by use of broadband transient absorption (BBTA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a time resolution of ∼10 fs. Lineshape analysis of MB and MB2 2DES bands at 298 and 77 K show effectively no difference in the diagonal/antidiagonal line width ratio for the dimer, in marked cont...
MO-F-204-00: Preparing for the ABR Diagnostic and Nuclear Medical Physics Exams

Adequate, efficient preparation for the ABR Diagnostic and Nuclear Medical Physics exams is key to successfully obtain ABR certification. Each part of the ABR exam presents its own challenges: Part I: Determine the scope of basic medical physics study material, efficiently review this material, and solve related written questions/problems. Part II: Understand imaging principles, modalities, and systems, including image acquisition, processing, and display. Understand the relationship between imaging techniques, image quality, patient dose and safety, and solve related written questions/problems. Part III: Gain crucial, practical, clinical medical physics experience. Effectively communicate and explain the practice, performance, and significance of all aspects of clinical medical physics. All parts of the ABR exam require specific skill sets and preparation: mastery of basic physics and imaging principles; written problem solving often involving rapid calculation; responding clearly and succinctly to oral questions about the practice, methods, and significance of clinical medical physics. This symposium focuses on the preparation necessary for each part of the ABR exam. Although there is some overlap, the nuclear exam covers a different body of knowledge than the diagnostic exam. A separate speaker will address those unique aspects of the nuclear exam, and how preparing for a second specialty differs from the first. Medical physicists who recently completed each ABR exam portion will share their experiences, insights, and preparation methods to help attendees best prepare for the challenges of each part of the ABR exam. In accordance with ABR exam security policy, no recalls or exam questions will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.How to prepare for Part 1 of the ABR exam by determining the scope of basic medical physics study material and related problem solving/calculations 2.How to prepare for Part 2 of the ABR exam by understanding diagnostic and/or nuclear imaging physics, systems, dosimetry, safety and related problem solving/calculations 3.How to prepare for Part 3 of the ABR exam by effectively communicating the practice, methods, and significance of clinical diagnostic and/or nuclear medical physics.
Metabolic syndrome reversal through nutrition: A case report

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is epidemic in the United States with over 34 percent of all U.S. adult population estimated to have MetS in 2011 – females and those over the age of 60 have a much higher prevalence [1]. This reports on the successful treatment of MetS in an individual patient, a 66-year-old Latin American female using nutritional support. This patient continued conventional MetS treatment while beginning functional nutrition therapy guided by laboratory testing from her physician. After six months of a whole food diet with a ‘low glycemic load through paleolithic principles' (LGLPP) this patient was off medication; follow-up laboratory studies revealed successful reversal of MetS her blood pressure was normal, her Type 2 diabetes was reversed and her hyperlipidemia was resolving.
Late Cardiac Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Within the first 30 years after cancer diagnosis, survivors of childhood cancers have an estimated 75% cumulative incidence of treatment-related chronic health problems. In the United States, where 1 in 680 people between 20 and 50 years old are survivors of childhood cancer, the impact of long-term health consequences is concerning, particularly because this population is growing. Cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity is the leading noncancer cause of morbidity, and after 30 years, exceeds the mortality rates of cancer recurrence. Cumulative anthracycline chemotherapy dose received is one of the major risk factors. Others include female sex, younger age at diagnosis, and now emerging genetic mutations. However, evidence-based guidelines to identify and monitor cardiotoxicity are lacking. Dexrazoxane provides cardioprotective benefits in children with high-risk cancers, but additional preventive strategies are still needed. An improved understanding of the lifetime cardiovascular risk associated with these factors in long-term childhood cancer survivors may help guide treatment and predict any potential additional cardiovascular risk of specific cancer therapies, such as anthracyclines.
The ecology of anemia: Anemia prevalence and correlated factors in adult indigenous women in Argentina.

Objectives The Toba/Qom of Namqom are an indigenous community native to the Gran Chaco region of northern Argentina. Historically seminomadic foragers, the diet of peri-urban community members has rapidly changed from high-protein, high-fiber to hypercaloric, processed. This study aims to understand the impact of this nutritional transition on aspects of women's health by exploring the relationship between prevalence of anemia and current diet composition, place of birth, and reproductive history. Methods We measured the capillary hemoglobin (Hb) levels of 153 adult women. Each participant was also given two interviews characterizing reproductive history and a 24-hour food recall. Results The average Hb level was 12.6 g/dL (range 5.8–15.7 g/dL). In our sample, 28% of participants were anemic and 31% were borderline anemic. Iron and vitamin C consumption were negatively associated with Hb levels. Body mass index was marginally associated with Hb levels. Being born in a peri-urban setting, a proxy for early Westernized diet was associated with higher risk of anemia, suggesting developmental experience may play a role. Pregnant and lactating women had lower Hb levels than menstruating and menopausal women. Age, height, parity, and age at first pregnancy were not found to be statistically significant predictors of anemia. Conclusions Iron deficiency represents a serious health concern for women, particularly pregnant ones. Our results suggest that both past and current nutritional ecology variables may be associated with the risk of anemia. These findings inform public health interventions, since reproductive history may be more difficult to modify than current diet.
Baseline Motor Cortex Activity Contains an Internal Model Representation.

As we age, our bodies change, for better or for worse. In response, our nervous system must adapt to its new physical relationship with the world. One way to handle the ever-changing interaction between our bodies and our environment is to create and update internal models that relate neural