cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Pilates On Range Of Motion In Aging Adults Living In Assisted Living Facilities

The purpose of this study was to determine if regular participation in Pilates exercise classes would improve the range of motion (ROM) in elderly adults living in assisted living facilities. This study specifically addresses the ROM ofthe shoulder, elbow, and neck muscles. Five aging adults from two different assisted living facilities participated in this study. Twelve ROMmeasurements were taken weekly in the Pilates group. The control group ROM measurements occurred at the beginning of week 1 and at the end of week 6. Data from this study did not meet the criteria for normality, therefore, the simple difference in the degrees of ROM was calculated. Results of the simple degree difference revealed that ten out of the twelve of the ROM measurements taken from the treatment (Pilates) group showed an increase in their of range of motion as a result of their participation in the six week study.
UTDHLT: COPACETIC System for Choosing Plausible Alternatives

The Choice of Plausible Alternatives (COPA) task in SemEval-2012 presents a series of forced-choice questions wherein each question provides a premise and two viable cause or effect scenarios. The correct answer is the cause or effect that is the most plausible. This paper describes the COPACETIC system developed by the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) for this task. We approach this task by casting it as a classification problem and using features derived from bigram co-occurrences, TimeML temporal links between events, single-word polarities from the Harvard General Inquirer, and causal syntactic dependency structures within the gigaword corpus. Additionally, we show that although each of these components improves our score for this evaluation, the difference in accuracy between using all of these features and using bigram co-occurrence information alone is not statistically significant.
A novel framework for the segmentationof mrinfant brain images

This paper introduces a novel adaptive atlas-based framework for the automated segmentation of different brain structures from infant magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The proposed framework provides a more accurate segmentation of different infant brain structures in the isointense age stage (6–12 months) by integrating diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) image features (e.g., fractional anisotropy (FA)) in the segmentation procedure. The input to the proposed system is the medical scans of the infant brain, i.e., 4D diffusion weighted images (DWI). The input brain first undergoes a quality control procedure to remove scan artifacts, and correct motion and eddy current distortions, followed by brain extraction, in which any non-brain tissues are removed. Then, specific DTI features are extracted, and fused to guide the segmentation process to produce the final segmented brain tissues. The high accuracy of the proposed segmentation approach was confirmed by testing it on 10 in-vivo diffusion weighted infant MR brain data sets using three metrics: the Dice coefficient, the 95-percentile modified Hausdorff distance, and the absolute volume difference.
Urinary Stone Disease: Advancing Knowledge, Patient Care, and Population Health

Expanding epidemiologic and physiologic data suggest that urinary stone disease is best conceptualized as a chronic metabolic condition punctuated by symptomatic, preventable stone events. These acute events herald substantial future chronic morbidity, including decreased bone mineral density, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. Urinary stone disease imposes a large and growing public health burden. In the United States, 1 in 11 individuals will experience a urinary stone in their lifetime. Given this high incidence and prevalence, urinary stone disease is one of the most expensive urologic conditions, with health care charges exceeding $10 billion annually. Patient care focuses on management of symptomatic stones rather than prevention; after three decades of innovation, procedural interventions are almost exclusively minimally invasive or noninvasive, and mortality is rare. Despite these advances, the prevalence of stone disease has nearly doubled over the past 15 years, likely secondary to dietary and health trends. The NIDDK recently convened a symposium to assess knowledge and treatment gaps to inform future urinary stone disease research. Reducing the public health burden of urinary stone disease will require key advances in understanding environmental, genetic, and other individual disease determinants; improving secondary prevention; and optimal population health strategies in an increasingly cost-conscious care environment.
Interrogation of cobaloxime-based supramolecular photocatalyst architectures

Abstract This perspective provides a discussion of recent work focused on elucidating the fundamental interactions of artificial photosynthesis in newly developed supramolecular photocatalysts composed of linked chromophore and catalyst modules. Supramolecular photocatalyst architectures are of particular interest because of their potential to overcome many of the limitations of molecular or multimolecular systems and amenability to conventional and emerging physical characterization techniques. As such, changes to the oxidation state and/or physical structure of either chromophore or catalyst modules in response to light excitation is readily monitored with high spatial and temporal resolution. To illustrate this approach, the design evolution of photocatalysts based on Ru(II)poly(pyridyl) chromophores linked to cobaloxime-based H2 catalysts is discussed. In this work, new synthesis, transient optical spectroscopy, and X-ray scattering were combined to develop next generation photocatalysts capable of ultrafast charge transfer and identification of a key intermediate for hydrogen photocatalysis. Recent and upcoming advances in light source capabilities are ideally suited to monitor light-generated transient structures and well-poised to dramatically impact the drive toward technologically relevant systems for artificial photosynthesis.
Effect of thyroxine on spontaneous nephrosis in the rat.

SummaryLong-term administration of thyroxine to adult rats at a level that produced a 50% increase in O2 consumption, increased the severity of spontaneous nephrosis and proteinuria. The amount of excreted protein corresponded roughly with severity of renal lesions. The electrophoretic pattern of the urinary proteins of untreated or treated rats resembled that of the serum proteins. Hyperglobulinemia was present in both untreated and treated rats, but to a lesser degree in 600-day-old thyroxine-treated animals with greatest proteinuria and elevated BUN values. In the latter rats serum albumin was reduced too. Hypercholesterolemia was greater in treated rats than in untreated ones. Kidney, heart, and adrenal weights were also higher in animals receiving thyroxine, whereas body weight was lower.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on "Not Just 'Study Drugs' for The Rich: Stimulants as Moral Tools for Creating Opportunities for Socially Disadvantaged Students".

I thank the commenters for their thoughtful critiques and responses to my argument in “Not Just ‘Study Drugs’ for the Rich: Stimulants as Moral Tools for Creating Opportunities for Socially Disadva...
Recent advances in understanding transcription termination by RNA polymerase II

Transcription termination is a fundamental process in which RNA polymerase ceases RNA chain extension and dissociates from the chromatin template, thereby defining the end of the transcription unit. Our understanding of the biological role and functional importance of termination by RNA polymerase II and the range of processes in which it is involved has grown significantly in recent years. A large set of nucleic acid-binding proteins and enzymes have been identified as part of the termination machinery. A greater appreciation for the coupling of termination to RNA processing and metabolism has been recognized. In addition to serving as an essential step at the end of the transcription cycle, termination is involved in the regulation of a broad range of cellular processes. More recently, a role for termination in pervasive transcription, non-coding RNA regulation, genetic stability, chromatin remodeling, the immune response, and disease has come to the fore. Interesting mechanistic questions remain, but the last several years have resulted in significant insights into termination and an increasing recognition of its biological importance.
Differences in the Prevalence of Self-Reported Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Among American Women by Race/Ethnicity and Age: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001

Background Heart disease is the leading cause of death among American women. Data are lacking on the prevalence of specific risk factors among women of various ethnic groups. We examined data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for prevalence of self-reported risk factors among women by race/ethnicity and age. Methods The BRFSS is a state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the civilian non-institutionalized U.S. population aged ≥18 years. In 2001, a total of 120,035 women reported whether (1) they had ever been told by a healthcare provider that they had high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes; (2) they smoked; and (3) they were physically inactive. Obesity status was determined by self-reported height and weight. Data were weighted to each state’s population. Results Among all women, 26.3% had high blood pressure, 23.2% had high cholesterol levels, 21.1% currently smoked, 6.8% had diabetes, 25.4% were obese, and 28.6% physically inactive. Age-adjusted prevalence of high blood pressure was highest among African Americans (AA) (36.3%) and Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (HPI) (33.7%), and lowest among Asians (18.0%). High blood cholesterol was highest among HPI (23.9%) and white (22.3%) women. American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) had the highest percentages of diabetes (12.7%) and current smoking (32.4%). Obesity was highest among AA (38.4%) and AI/AN (31.9%) women and lowest among Asian (7.8%) women. Physical inactivity was most common among Hispanic women (42.4%), and least common among Asian women (23.3%). Thirty-eight percent of women had two or more risk factors, ranging from 20.1% of Asian women to 48.8% of AA women. Conclusions A substantial proportion of American women have two or more risk factors for heart disease, and the prevalence of individual risk factors varies by racial/ethnic background. Aggressive efforts to reduce and control risk factors, including population-specific programs, are crucial for limiting the incidence of heart disease.
EXor Outbursts from Amplification of Stellar Magnetic Cycles

EXor outbursts—moderate-amplitude disk accretion events observed in Class I and Class II protostellar sources—have timescales and amplitudes that are consistent with the viscous accumulation and release of gas in the inner disk near the dead zone boundary. We suggest that outbursts are indirectly triggered by stellar dynamo cycles, via poloidal magnetic flux that diffuses radially outward through the disk. Interior to the dead zone the strength of the net field modulates the efficiency of angular momentum transport by the magnetorotational instability. In the dead zone changes in the polarity of the net field may lead to stronger outbursts because of the dominant role of the Hall effect in this region of the disk. At the level of simple estimates we show that changes to kG-strength stellar fields could stimulate disk outbursts on 0.1 au scales, though this optimistic conclusion depends upon the uncertain efficiency of net flux transport through the inner disk. The model predicts a close association between observational tracers of stellar magnetic activity and EXor events.
Transverse mode selection in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers via deep impurity-induced disordering

Top emission 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) demonstrating transverse mode selection via impurity-induced disordering (IID) are presented. The IID apertures are fabricated via closed ampoule zinc diffusion. A simple 1-D plane wave model based on the intermixing of Group III atoms during IID is presented to optimize the mirror loss of higher-order modes as a function of IID strength and depth. In addition, the impact of impurity diffusion into the cap layer of the lasers is shown to improve contact resistance. Further investigation of the mode-dependent characteristics of the device imply an increase in the thermal impedance associated with the fraction of IID contained within the oxide aperture. The optimization of the ratio of the IID aperture to oxide aperture is experimentally determined. Single fundamental mode output of 1.6 mW with 30 dBm side mode suppression ratio is achieved by a 3.0 μm oxide-confined device with an IID aperture of 1.3 μm indicating an optimal IID aperture size of 43% of the oxide aperture.
Handbook for Resisters: Social Studies Education and Economic Disparity

Social studies educators woke up on the morning of November 9, 2016, wondering what on Earth had just happened in their country. Those who had followed closely the 2016 presidential election campai...
Art and Social Work: History and Collaborative Possibilities for Interdisciplinary Synergy:

This article will stretch the boundaries of the interdisciplinary lens to consider the history of and current potential for the arts to enhance, advance, and amplify individual, family, and communi...
Disclosure Duties In Real Estate Sales And Attempts To Reallocate The Risk

In the past, a seller of real property could insulate himself from liability to the buyer for defects in the condition of the property being conveyed. All the seller had to do was to say nothing. As long as the seller avoided affirmative misrepresentations, the doctrine of caveat emptor or "let the buyer beware" placed the burden on the buyer to discover any problems. This has changed. Now, as a result of both court decisions and statutes, most, but not all, jurisdictions impose on a seller of real property an affirmative duty to disclose to a buyer a latent material defect in the condition of the property of which the seller is aware. With the duty of disclosure, the initial allocation of the risk of loss due to the existence of a defect in the condition of the property has been shifted from the buyer to the seller. While public policy supports this initial allocation of the risk, it does not compel the conclusion that the risk must remain on the seller. Jurisdictions have adopted differing rules on the issue of whether the parties, by contract, can reallocate the risk of loss back to the buyer. Several states have passed statutes that specifically sanction such a shift by authorizing sellers to disclaim liability for any defects. Because most jurisdictions do not have disclaimer statutes, willing buyers and sellers have sought other ways to accomplish their goal. The most common method employed is the inclusion of an "as is" clause in the contract of sale. However, whether the courts will enforce such "as is" clauses is a matter of considerable disagreement. No jurisdiction will allow an "as is" clause to shield a seller from liability where she has made an affirmative misrepresentation as to the condition of the property. The difference of opinion occurs in nondisclosure cases. The majority of courts refuse to give effect to "as is" provisions that purport to limit a seller's duty to disclose defects, even where no affirmative representations have been made. Integration clauses coupled with "as is" clauses do not help the seller. It is the thesis of this article that the parties should be free to shift the risk of the existence of a nondisclosed defect back to the buyer. A risk aversive seller may want to avoid the risk of future litigation alleging he failed to make a required disclosure. A buyer may be willing to assume this risk in exchange for some other contractual provision, such as a reduced purchase price. As long as the contract is not adhesive, the parties should be able to enter into this bargain and the courts should enforce it. Such a result is supported by policy considerations. It would be economically efficient, it would promote certainty, it would avoid litigation, and it would promote marketability of property. Furthermore, precedent exists for allowing such "as is" or exculpatory clauses both under contract and tort law.
A New Hereditary Hemoglobinopathy (The Lepore Trait) and Its Interaction With Thalassemia Trait

A new hemoglobinopathy, termed the "Lepore trait," is described. The Lepore trait is characterized by an altered erythrocyte morphology, resembling classical thalassemia trait,[unknown] and by the presence of a hitherto unreported abnormal hemoglobin occurring in low concentration (10-12% of the total hemoglobin). The trait is transmitted as if due to a single gene defect. Simultaneous inheritance of the Lepore trait and classical thalassemia trait occurred in one member of the pedigree studied and resulted in a severe hemolytic anemia clinically indistinguishable from thalassemia major. On the basis of the erythrocyte morphology, the clinical findings, and the electrophoretic studies, it is conjectured that the Lepore trait may be more closely related to thalassemia than to the other abnormal hemoglobin syndromes.
Receiver characteristic aware optimal resource allocation in multi-RAT wireless networks

To cope with increasing demand on wireless services, next-generation wireless systems are expected to use multiple radio access technologies, with different receive and transmit characteristics, operating over the same band of spectrum in a spatial-temporal neighborhood. This will make the RF front-ends susceptible to unprecedented adjacent-channel interference (Ad), which can jeopardize communication performance. In this paper, we propose a novel ACI-aware joint channel and power allocation framework that takes into account the receiver imperfections arising due to (i) imperfect image frequency rejection, and (ii) analog-to-digital converter aliasing. The proposed resource allocation framework aims at minimizing the number of allocated channels and the aggregate power transmitted while satisfying the rate demands of different links in a multi-RAT environment. The results demonstrate the criticality of receiver-characteristic awareness when designing resource allocation schemes for different types of networks. Also, the trade-off between channel allocation and power assignment is explained.
Same But Different: FIM Summary Scores May Mask Variability in Physical Functioning Profiles.

Abstract Objective To examine how similar summary scores of physical functioning using the FIM can represent different patient clinical profiles. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Participants Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries (N=765,441) discharged from inpatient rehabilitation. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures We used patients' scores on items of the FIM to quantify their level of independence on both self-care and mobility domains. We then identified patients as requiring "no physical assistance" at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation by using a rule and score–based approach. Results In those patients with FIM self-care and mobility summary scores suggesting no physical assistance needed, we found that physical assistance was in fact needed frequently in bathroom-related activities (eg, continence, toilet and tub transfers, hygiene, clothes management) and with stairs. It was not uncommon for actual performance to be lower than what may be suggested by a summary score of those domains. Conclusions Further research is needed to create clinically meaningful descriptions of summary scores from combined performances on individual items of physical functioning.
A “Surreptitious Introduction”: Opium Smuggling and Colonial State Formation in Late Nineteenth-Century Bengal and Burma

This chapter examines an 1870 dispute about opium smuggling that unfolded in the British Indian colony of Burma. It traces how a small intra-bureaucratic disagreement escalated into a large and enduring controversy over how to observe an invisible activity, the political economic and moral significance of that activity in a non-European setting, as well as a colonial state’s proper regulatory role.
Constraining the Ratio of Micrometeoroids from Short- and Long-Period Comets at 1 AU from LADEE Observations of the Lunar Dust Cloud

We interpret recent observations of the secondary dust ejecta cloud around the Moon from the Lunar Dust Experiment (LDEX) on board the NASA Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft with help from dynamical models of meteoroids. Results suggest that in order to match the spatial structure of observed ejecta profiles, the flux of meteoroids on the Moon must be primarily provided by short-period comets with an excess ratio of at least 1.3:1 compared to long-period comets. This ratio increases significantly if the dependence of the ejecta yield on impactor velocity is stronger than generally believed. The model accounts for the orbital geometry of LADEE and shows no indication of a large asymmetry in the meteoroid flux impacting from the Helion and Anti-Helion directions.
The role of substance use in child welfare caseloads

Abstract Anecdotal evidence suggests that recent rises in foster care caseloads are due to increasing parental substance use, particularly misuse of opioids. This study tests the association between child welfare caseloads and two measures of substance use prevalence, including drug overdose deaths and drug-related hospitalizations, for most counties in the United States over the 2011 to 2016 period. We use several statistical models to account for confounding factors, including models examining cross-county variation as well as within county variation. We find four primary findings. First, both measures positively associate with higher foster care entry rates, after accounting for various demographic, socioeconomic, and other local and state-level factors. Second, we find that the relationship is stronger in metropolitan counties than in non-metropolitan counties. Third, hospitalization rates due to different classes of substances, including opioids, have comparable relationships with foster care entry rates, though alcohol has the strongest relationship. Finally, higher substance use prevalence predicts more complex and severe cases of child maltreatment, with more children ending up in foster care in counties with higher overdose death and drug hospitalization rates.
Appropriate Sample Sizes for Monitoring Burned Pastures in Sagebrush Steppe: How Many Plots are Enough, and Can One Size Fit All?

Abstract Statistically defensible information on vegetation conditions is needed to guide rangeland management decisions following disturbances such as wildfire, often for heterogeneous pastures. Here we evaluate sampling effort needed to achieve a robust statistical threshold using > 2 000 plots sampled on the 2015 Soda Fire that burned across 75 pastures and 113 000 ha in Idaho and Oregon. We predicted that the number of plots required to generate a threshold of standard error/mean ≤ 0.2 (TSR, threshold sampling requirement) for plant cover within pasture units would vary between sampling methods (rapid ocular versus grid-point intercept) and among plot sizes (1, 6, or 531 m2), as well as relative to topography, elevation, pasture size, spatial complexity of soils, vegetation treatments (herbicide or seeding), and dominance by exotic annual or perennial grasses. Sampling was adequate for determining exotic annual and perennial grass cover in about half of the pastures. A tradeoff in number versus size of plots sampled was apparent, whereby TSR was attainable with less area searched using smaller plot sizes (1 compared with 531 m2) in spite of less variability between larger plots. TSR for both grass types decreased as their dominance increased (0.5–1.5 plots per % cover increment). TSR decreased for perennial grass but increased for exotic annual grass with higher elevations. TSR increased with standard deviation of elevation for perennial grass sampled with grid-point intercept. Sampling effort could be more reliably predicted from landscape variables for the grid-point compared with the ocular sampling method. These findings suggest that adjusting the number and size of sample plots within a pasture or burn area using easily determined landscape variables could increase monitoring efficiency and effectiveness.
Crosstalk Between COX-2 and EGFR: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible form of COX, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are considered pharmacological targets to prevent or treat cancer. Key data implicating a causal relationship between COX-2, EGFR and carcinogenesis and possible mechanisms of action are reviewed. Evidence of crosstalk between COX-2 and EGFR is discussed. The potential of COX-2-derived prostaglandins to reduce tumor sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors is considered.
New Self-consistent Estimates for the Effective Behavior of Some Model Nonlinear Polycrystals

New predictions for the effective behavior of nonlinear polycrystals are obtained from the nonlinear variational procedure of deBotton and Ponte Castaneda (1995), using the classical self-consistent estimates for a suitable choice of the “linear comparison polycrystal”. A distinctive feature of the new self-consistent estimates is that not only do they satisfy the Taylor and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds, but also a recent bound of Kohn & Little (1997) for two-dimensional polycrystals, which is significantly more restrictive than the Taylor bound at large grain anisotropy. This result suggests that the new self-consistent estimates may also be more accurate than other self-consistent estimates, such as those arising from the incremental model of Hill (1965), for three-dimensional nonlinear polycrystals.
Diamond RF Transistor Technology with f t =41 GHz and fmax=44 GHz

Initial results for diamond RF transistor technology are presented. Field Effect Transistors (FETs) were fabricated with gate lengths $(\mathbf{L}_{\mathrm{g}})$ ranging from $\mathbf{4}\pmb{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ to 50nm. The FETs have total gate width $(\mathbf{W}_{\mathrm{g}})$ of 40 or $\mathbf{120}\pmb{\mu}\mathbf{m}. \mathbf{L}_{\mathbf{g}}=\mathbf{100\ nm}$ devices show DC drain current $\mathbf{I}_{\mathbf{D}}=\mathbf{600\ mA}/\mathbf{mm} (>\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{GS}}=-\mathbf{3V},\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{DS}}=-\mathbf{10V}$ ) with transconductance $\mathbf{g}_{\mathbf{m}}=\mathbf{140mS}/\mathbf{mm} (>\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{GS}}=-\mathbf{0.3V},\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{DS}}=-\mathbf{4V}$ ). Small signal S-parameters were measured to evaluate the high-frequency performance of the diamond FETs. Extrinsic $\mathbf{f}_{\mathbf{t}}$ and $\mathbf{f}_{\mathbf{max}}$ were measured to be 41GHz and 44GHz, respectively. Load pull measurements were used to characterize the devices under large signal excitation. The $\mathbf{L}_{\mathbf{g}}=\mathbf{200nm},\ \mathbf{W}_{\mathbf{g}}=\mathbf{40}\pmb{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ device, tested at 2GHz, shows peak efficiency of 30.5% at $\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{DS}}=-\mathbf{5V}$ . Both peak gain of 19.5dB and peak output power density of 0.66W/mm were achieved at $\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{DS}}=- \mathbf{30V}$ , Biasing the device at $\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{DS}}=-\mathbf{15V}$ provides a trade off point for the large signal parameters - gain of ~15dB, efficiency of ~20%, and output power of ~0.5W/mm.
Assessing Allostery in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins With Ensemble Allosteric Model

Abstract Intrinsically disordered (ID) proteins have been shown to play a major role in signaling in a broad range of proteins, using a process known as allostery, wherein the protein can integrate one or a number of inputs to regulate its function. The disorder-mediated allostery can be understood energetically with ensemble allosteric model (EAM). In this model, the molecule without effectors is considered as an ensemble of preexisting conformations, and effector binding is treated as an energetic perturbation of the ensemble to redistribute the microstates that are favorable or unfavorable to the second binding partner. As it only considers the intrinsic energetics of the system and does not depend on a crystallographic structure, it can be applied to both structured proteins, ID proteins, and mixed proteins with both structured and ID domains. Simulation with EAM on the basis of experimental data can help quantitatively explain experimental observations, as well as to make predictions to direct future research. This has recently been illustrated with the case of human glucocorticoid receptor, a multidomain transcription factor that contains both structured and disordered regions. In this chapter, we describe the assays for measuring the transcriptional activity, binding affinity to cognate DNA, conformational stability, either on single domain or tandem coupled domains in the GR two-domain isoforms. We then explain how these data are utilized as input parameters or constraints in the EAM for quantitative estimates of stabilities and coupling energies for each domain through global minimization method.
Seenku argument-head tone sandhi: Allomorph selection in a cyclic grammar

Seenku (Mande, Burkina Faso) displays a complex tone sandhi system, sensitive to phonological, morphological, and syntactic structure. In this paper, I argue that the opaque, phonetically unnatural alternations are best accounted for in an allomorph selection approach, following work by Tsay and Myers (1996), Zhang and Lai (2008), and others on Taiwanese Southern Min sandhi. In this model, lexical entries contain multiple surface allomorphs along with subcategorization frames, and forms that follow the same pattern are abstracted into increasingly general lexical templates or schemas. Morphology is post-syntactic, with syntactic structure matched with lexical entries, along the lines of Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993; Embick and Noyer 2007), but with a richer generative lexicon, as in Construction Morphology (Booij 2010b) or analogical approaches to word formation (e.g. Bybee 1995). The domains of application and the interaction of tone sandhi with both itself and other morphotonological processes point to the need for cyclic application, which I implement using phase-based spell out (Uriagereka 1999; Chomsky 2000). This approach allows for productive extension of the patterns without recourse to an overly complicated phonological component.
The Analysis of Linear Models with Unbalanced Data

The purpose of this paper is to describe the hypotheses commonly tested in linear models with unbalanced data, including the case of zero cell frequencies. Historically, the sums of squares for the test statistics have been developed either on heuristic principles or because of computational convenience. Precise statements of the corresponding hypotheses are rarely found in the literature and, in those cases where the hypotheses are stated, they are usually described in terms of the parameters of the non-full rank model which may be difficult to interpret. In this paper, the hypotheses associated with the R( ) notation for general sets of conditions are described in terms of the means of the observed populations. The discussion is restricted to two-way models, but the concepts are quite general. Examples are included to illustrate the hypotheses tested with missing cells.
Peer crowd affiliations as predictors of prosocial and risky behaviors among college students.

OBJECTIVES To examine college peer crowd affiliations and prosocial and risky behaviors (academic, sexual, drug, and alcohol related risks) as well as to investigate gender as a moderator of these relations. Participants: 527 students at a public university in the Midwest in Fall 2018 (M age = 19.67, SD = 1.84). Method: Students' peer crowd affiliations were reported using an online survey. Four peer crowd dimensions were confirmed using Factor Analysis: Social (popular partiers and Greek organization members), Athletic, Arts/Diverse (students identifying strongly with a countercultural group, their race/ethnic group, and/or performing arts); and Scholastic (academic achievement and leadership). Results: Social crowd affiliations positively predicted all risk-related behaviors. Social and Scholastic affiliations positively predicted prosocial behaviors. Finally, gender significantly moderated the relations between peer crowd affiliations and risk and prosociality. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that peer crowd affiliation and gender are important when promoting positive behaviors on campus.
The Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Ulipristal Acetate Inhibits the Activity of the Glucocorticoid Receptor.

Context The selective progesterone modulator ulipristal acetate (ulipristal) offers a much-needed therapeutic option for the clinical management of uterine fibroids. Although ulipristal initially passed safety evaluations in Europe, postmarketing analysis identified cases of hepatic injury and failure, leading to restrictions on the long-term use of ulipristal. One of the factors potentially contributing to significant side effects with the selective progesterone modulators is cross-reactivity with other steroid receptors. Objective To determine whether ulipristal can alter the activity of the endogenous glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in relevant cell types. Design Immortalized human uterine fibroid cells (UtLM) and hepatocytes (HepG2) were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and/or ulipristal. Primary uterine fibroid tissue was isolated from patients undergoing elective gynecological surgery and treated ex vivo with dexamethasone and/or ulipristal. In vivo ulipristal exposure was performed in C57Bl/6 mice to measure the effect on basal gene expression in target tissues throughout the body. Results Dexamethasone induced the expression of established glucocorticoid-target genes period 1 (PER1), FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5), and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in UtLM and HepG2 cells, whereas cotreatment with ulipristal blocked the transcriptional response to glucocorticoids in a dose-dependent manner. Ulipristal inhibited glucocorticoid-mediated phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and DNA interactions of GR. Glucocorticoid stimulation of PER1, FKBP5, and GILZ was abolished by cotreatment with ulipristal in primary uterine fibroid tissue. The expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes was decreased in the lung, liver, and uterus of mice exposed to 2 mg/kg ulipristal. Interestingly, transcript levels of Fkbp5 and Gilz were increased in the hippocampus and pituitary. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that ulipristal inhibits endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in human fibroid and liver cells, which is an important consideration for its use as a long-term therapeutic agent.
Comparison of lymph node evaluation and yield among patients undergoing open and minimally invasive surgery for gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

Assessment of regional lymph nodes (LN) is essential for determining prognosis among patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). The impact of surgical technique on LN yield has not been well explored. We investigated the impact of minimally invasive surgery (MIS; robotic or laparoscopic) on the evaluation and retrieval of regional LN for patients with GBC. We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to identify patients with GBC who underwent curative-intent surgery between 2010 and 2015. Patients with metastatic disease or those with missing data on surgical resection or LN evaluation were excluded. We identified 2014 patients who underwent an open (n = 1141, 56.6%) or MIS approach (n = 873, 43.4%) for GBC and met the inclusion criteria. Patients who underwent MIS were older (open: 68 years, IQR: 60, 75 vs. MIS: 70 years, IQR (61, 77); P = 0.02), and were more commonly treated at a comprehensive community cancer program (P < 0.001). Approximately 3 out of 4 patients (n = 1468, 72.9%) underwent an evaluation of regional LN, with nearly half of these patients (n = 607, 41.7%) having LN metastasis. Among patients who underwent a regional lymphadenectomy, average lymph node yield was 3 (IQR: 1, 6) and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.04). After controlling for all factors, operative approach was not associated with likelihood of receiving a lymphadenectomy during curative-intent resection (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.63–1.04; P = 0.11). In conclusion, patients undergoing curative-intent resection for GBC had similar rates of lymph node evaluation and yield regardless of operative approach. Over one-quarter of patients did not undergo a lymphadenectomy at the time of surgery. Further studies are needed to identify barriers to lymph node evaluation and yield among patients undergoing surgery for gallbladder cancer. Presented at the 2019 2nd World Congress of the International Laparoscopic Liver Society, Tokyo, Japan
A Critical Reflexive Account From Participatory Theater With Asylum Seekers: Lessons for Framing Trauma and Resilience in Refugee Status Determination

Critical Health Communication scholars can play a significant role in the asylum seeking process by expanding the legal understanding of migrant trauma. Legal processes like Refugee Status Determination (RSD) define the course of an asylum seeker’s life. Legal determinations hinge on the persuasiveness of narratives of persecution to decide on the legitimacy of asylum claims. Participatory methods, such as participatory theatre, either support or resist legal processes by drawing on narratives of trauma or community engagement, respectively. Methods that rely on trauma narratives validate notions of individual suffering, while methods that use community engagement address the social and communal dimensions of health, including isolation. This essay develops a critical, reflexive account of my situated practices as a theatre practitioner working with asylum seekers, and later, as a character reference for my participants’ legal claim. I show how participatory projects focusing exclusively on promoting migrant resilience through participation can fail to engage with the power that RSD has to determine the course of migrant lives. Importantly, the legal framework of RSD frames an asylum seeker’s every move through the lens of persecution and trauma. As my critical reflections demonstrate, participatory practitioners working with asylum seekers must be aware of how the goals of their engagement may interact with the limitations of the legal process. Such awareness demands strategic forms of engagement aimed at shaping the legal understanding of migrant trauma and persecution.
Experimental validation of self-sealing in wellbore cement fractures exposed to high-pressure, CO2-saturated solutions

Abstract We present constant-flow experiments of high-pressure CO2-saturated fluid through fracture channels in Portland cement with three different fracture geometries and with three different flow rates. The experiments were conducted in etched cement wafers within a microfluidics device. The evolution of pH was observed optically using phenolphthalein dye and changes in channel volume due to dissolution and/or precipitation were characterized with profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Abundant precipitation for all three geometries was observed in the low flow-rate experiments, while only dissolution was observed in the high-flow rate experiments. The results bracket self-sealing versus self-opening behavior. The observed functional relationship among flow rate, fracture geometry and aperture in relation to self-sealing is consistent with a diverse set of experiments in the literature conducted under widely varying conditions and with behavior predicted in recent numerical models (Brunet et al., 2016; Cao et al., 2015; Guthrie et al., 2018; Iyer et al., 2017). The results confirm that self-sealing is a quantifiable behavior in ordinary Portland cement systems that is favored at low flow rates and in small-aperture or small hydraulic diameter fracture systems with clear limits imposed by dissolution-dominated conditions of high flow rates.
Who is at the Podium? Women Urologist Speakers at Recent AUA Meetings.

Abstract Objective To quantify the representation of women urologists as invited speakers at the AUA Annual Meeting. Methods Programs for the AUA Annual Meeting were reviewed from 2017 to 2019. Topics of sessions and genders of moderators and panelists were collected. Percentages of women urologists as well as topics of sessions were compared between years. Results Women urologists comprised 60 of 467 moderators (12.8%) and 63 of 614 panelists (10.3%). Sessions about infection had the most women urologist moderators while oncology had the least. Sessions about FPMRS has the most women urologists as panelists. Male urologists were more likely to be full professors compared to women urologists. While the percentage of female panelists fluctuated, the percentage of female moderators decreased each year. Conclusion Although the proportion of women to men in urology is increasing, the number and proportion of woman urologist panelists and moderators at the annual AUA meeting does not reflect this trend. It is important to recognize and correct this discrepancy, as well as to increase visibility of women and others underrepresented in the field.
We Are More Than Your Paycheck: The Dehumanization of International Students in the United States

According to this policy, F1/M1 students (and their dependents) at institutions that plan on operating entirely online during the fall semester were not going to be eligible to stay in the United States, and students at other institutions that offer in-person or hybrid classes were required to enroll in in-person credits (Department of Homeland Security, 2020). [...]moving forward we hope that our institutions and other national organizations can question and reflect on their biases when fighting with and for us. Suspension of entry of immigrants and nonimmigrants who present a risk to the United States labor market during the economic recovery following the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Suspension of entry of immigrants and nonimmigrants who present a risk to the United States labor market during the economic recovery following the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.
Antenna Model Using Circularly Polarized Elements from Total Gain and Polarization Characteristics

This paper describes a practical application of a recently developed and validated high-fidelity antenna model which uses two collocated orthogonally circularly polarized antenna elements. The paper first develops a technique for populating the model's parameters to achieve a desired total gain and elliptical polarization in a single direction. The paper then successfully applies the technique to a realistic example problem.
Private information in trades, R2, and large stock price movements

Abstract We investigate the relations between trading-conveyed private information and stock return distributions. Using high-frequency measures of private information, we find that private information in trades is associated with lower stock return synchronicity. We also find private information in trades is positively associated with stock price crashes and positive stock price jumps. Our results are robust to several specification checks, including the use of alternative private information proxies, various model specifications, and different time periods. Overall, we demonstrate that trading conveyed private information reduces stock return synchronicity and predicts the frequency of crashes and jumps. Our findings can be useful for market makers, regulators, and traders, who are interested in firm-specific return variation and extreme stock price movements at high frequencies.
Self-Directed Learning in Medical Education: Training for a Lifetime of Discovery

Issue: Life-long learning is a skill that is central to competent health professionals, and medical educators have sought to understand how adult professionals learn, adapt to new information, and independently seek to learn more. Accrediting bodies now mandate that training programs teach in ways that promote self-directed learning (SDL) but do not provide adequate guidance on how to address this requirement. Evidence: The model for the SDL mandate in physician training is based mostly on early childhood and secondary education evidence and literature, and may not capture the unique environment of medical training and clinical education. Furthermore, there is uncertainty about how medical schools and postgraduate training programs should implement and evaluate SDL educational interventions. The Shapiro Institute for Education and Research, in conjunction with the Association of American Medical Colleges, convened teams from eight medical schools from North America to address the challenge of defining, implementing, and evaluating SDL and the structures needed to nurture and support its development in health professional training. Implications: In this commentary, the authors describe SDL in Medical Education, (SDL-ME), which is a construct of learning and pedagogy specific to medical students and physicians in training. SDL-ME builds on the foundations of SDL and self-regulated learning theory, but is specifically contextualized for the unique responsibilities of physicians to patients, inter-professional teams, and society. Through consensus, the authors offer suggestions for training programs to teach and evaluate SDL-ME. To teach self-directed learning requires placing the construct in the context of patient care and of an obligation to society at large. The SDL-ME construct builds upon SDL and SRL frameworks and suggests SDL as foundational to health professional identity formation.KEYWORDSself-directed learning; graduate medical education; undergraduate medical education; theoretical frameworksSupplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2021.1938074 .
Untangling the effects of octahedral rotation and ionic displacements on the electronic structure of BiFeO 3

The electronic structure and related properties of perovskites ${\mathrm{ABO}}_{3}$ are strongly affected by even small modifications in their crystalline structure. In the case of ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$, variations in the octahedral rotations and ionic displacements lead to significant changes in the band gap. This effect can possibly explain the wide range of values (2.5--3.1 eV) reported in the literature, obtained from samples of varied structural qualities, including polycrystalline films, epitaxial films grown by pulsed-laser deposition and molecular beam epitaxy, nanowires, nanotubes, and bulk single crystals. Using hybrid density-functional calculations, we investigate the dependence of the electronic structure on the crystal lattice distortions of the ferroelectric-antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$, disentangling the effects of the ferroelectric ionic displacements and the antiferrodistortive octahedral rotations on the band gap and the band-edge positions. The band gap is shown to vary from 3.39 eV for the rhombohedral ground-state (R3c) structure down to 1.58 eV for the perfect cubic (Pm$\overline{3}$m) structure, with changes in the conduction band being much more prominent than in the valence band. The gap varies linearly with the ferroelectric ionic displacements, but nonlinearly with the octahedral rotations around the pseudocubic [111${\mathrm{]}}_{c}$ axis, and this is explained in terms of the different interactions between Bi $6s, 6p$, Fe $3d$, and O $2p$ bands. We argue that such large variation of the band gap with structural changes may well explain the large scattering of the reported values, especially if significant deviations from the equilibrium crystal structure are found near domain boundaries, extended defects, or grain boundaries in polycrystalline films.