cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols with hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by a “helmet” phthalocyaninato iron complex in the absence of added organic solvent

The oxidation of four benzylic alcohols employing hydrogen peroxide and TBHP as oxidants, catalyzed by an iron(III) complex bearing a 14,28-[1,3-diiminoisoindolinato]phthalocyaninato (diiPc) ligand has been studied and found to proceed with good selectivity, high turnover numbers, and high turnover frequencies in the absence of organic solvents other than the substrates themselves.
The Importance Of Combining Basic And Applied Literature In Determining International Monetary Policy

This article is a discussion of the current state of knowledge about optimal monetary policy. The authors contrast basic and applied literatures. The basic literature is explicit about the frictions that generate a positive value for money and make it socially beneficial. The applied literature concentrates on ad hoc constructs. The authors discuss monetary policy lessons from each type of literature, as well as how the two distinct approaches may be usefully combined.
Translational Significance of Heme Oxygenase in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

The global epidemic of obesity continues unabated with sequelae of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review reflects the dramatic increase in research on the role of increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1/HO-2, biliverdin reductase, and HO activity on vascular disease. The HO system engages with other systems to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent reports indicate that HO-1/HO-2 protein expression and HO activity have several important roles in hemostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome. HO-1 protects tissue during inflammatory stress in obesity through the degradation of pro-oxidant heme and the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, both of which have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. By contrast, repression of HO-1 is associated with increases of cellular heme and inflammatory conditions including hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. HO-1 is a major focus in the development of potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the clinical complications of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
High-efficiency Generation of Multiple Short Noncoding RNA in B-cells and B-cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles

Short noncoding (snc)RNAs are important new players in the landscape of biologics with therapeutic potential. Recently, we reported on a new method for the synthesis and delivery of snc RNA in B-cells transfected with plasmid DNA. Here using the same approach, we demonstrate that B-cells can be programmed for the enforced biogenesis and synchronous release of multiple sncRNAs. Our data show that this goal is feasible and that multiple sncRNA are released in the extracellular compartment in amounts comparable to those from B-cells programmed to express and secrete one scnRNA only. Furthermore, we found that the cargo of extracellular vescicles (EVs) isolated from programmed B-cells is remarkably enriched for multiple sncRNA. On average, we found that the content of multiple sncRNAs in EVs is 3.6 copynumber/EV. Collectively, we demonstrate that B-cells can be easily programmed toward the synthesis and release of multiple sncRNAs, including sncRNA-laden EVs, efficiently and specifically.
Amino acid transport by the cultured human placental trophoblast : effect of insulin on AIB transport

Insulin responsiveness in the human placenta is controversial. This study evaluated insulin stimulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake in cultured human placental trophoblasts. Both Na(+)-dependent and -independent components of AIB uptake were present in cultured trophoblasts. Na(+)-dependent AIB uptake was significantly stimulated by insulin in a time-dependent manner, as early as 2 h, with a maximum at 12 h of continuous exposure to hormone. Insulin treatment for 4 h increased both the initial uptake rate and the final intracellular concentration. Stimulation was dependent on insulin concentration, with significant stimulation beginning at 10(-9) M. Insulin treatment increased maximum velocity but not the Michaelis constant. Approximately 75% of basal (unstimulated) AIB uptake was inhibited by 10 mM alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). The insulin-stimulated increment above basal AIB uptake was completely inhibited by 10 mM MeAIB. Cycloheximide treatment significantly reduced basal and stimulated AIB uptake, although a significant response to insulin persisted. Na(+)-dependent AIB uptake was also stimulated by glucagon, dexamethasone, and 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, but not by vasopressin. This study further characterizes amino acid uptake by the human placenta and demonstrates that the Na(+)-dependent component of AIB uptake by the cultured trophoblasts is stimulated by physiological concentrations of insulin.
GURBĀNĪ SANGĪT: Authenticity And Influences

This paper is part of a wider academic research, which aims to locate the Sikh musical tradition (Gurbānī sangīt)1 in the context of the medieval and early modern history of Indian music. In particular, this script focuses on kīrtan, a genre of Gurbānī sangīt that entails the singing of the Sikh sacred hymns as a core part of the spiritual practice. Compared with other musical genres in vogue during the Sikh Gurūs’ era (late fifteenth-early eighteenth century CE), Gurbānī kīrtan has been either neglected by past scholars, or, in more recent times, considered a subaltern expression of the better-known classical (darbārī dhrupad and khyāl) forms. Through the analysis of a coherent corpus of compositions set to peculiar rāgas (modal melodies) and tālas (rhythmic cycles), the present contribution explores the idea of an autonomous identity of the Sikh music tradition, suggesting that Gurbānī kīrtan evolved not as a stylistic variation of other coeval forms, but as a distinct genre with peculiar features that ...
Nationalist Documents on Portuguese Guine and Cape Verde Islands and Mocambique

The following documents are part of a collection of ephemeral materials published by nationalist movements of Portuguese Africa. During the past five years I have been gathering these materials in order to have them microfilmed and placed on deposit in the library of the Hoover Institution on War, Peace, and Revolution, Stanford University, where they will be available for use by interested scholars. A related objective is to translate to English the most important of these documents, edit them, and add relevant notes along with a full bibliography on each Portuguese African territory; this project is nearing completion and should be published in book form in 1967. I am grateful to the many African specialists who have assisted me on the documents collection, and it is my hope that other specialists who have documents not included in the listings below will send me photocopies or duplicates, for which I can pay expenses incurred.
Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanocomposite Fibers Reinforced with Magnetic Nanoparticles

The manufacturing of magnetic PAN/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite fibers is explored by an electrospinning process. The nanocomposite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties of the nanoparticles in the polymer nanocomposite fibers are different from those of the dried as-received nanoparticles.
Expression of the TGF-β receptor gene and sensitivity to growth inhibition following polyamine depletion

Our previous studies have shown that inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis increases the sensitivity of intestinal epithelial cells to growth inhibition induced by exogenous transforming growth fact...
Curcumin spectrophotometric determination of boron in food

Objective:To establish a curcumin spectrophotometry method for the determination of boron in foods.Methods:After foods had turned into ashes in alkaline medium and into boric acid in acidic medium,boric acid and curcumin formed a red chemical compound with colorimetric quantity.Results:In this method,good regression(r=0.9998) and good precision(RSD5%) were obtained.The recoveries ranged from 92.33% to 103.10%.The sensitivity of the method was 0.014 μg.Conclusion:This method is sensitive,accurate,reproducible,easy to operate,and can be applied to the determination of boron in foodstuffs such as beans,grains,fruits,meat and other foodstuffs.
Hardware/software codesign for mobile speech recognition.

In this paper, we explore high performance software and hardware implementations of an automatic speech recognition system that can run locally on a mobile device. We automate the generation of key components of our speech recognition system using Three Fingered Jack, a tool for hardware/software codesign that maps computation to CPUs, data parallel processors, and custom hardware. We use Three Fingered Jack to explore energy and performance for two key kernels in our speech recognizer, the observation probability evaluation and across-word traversal. Through detailed hardware simulation and measurement, we produce accurate estimates for energy and area and show a significant energy improvement over a conventional mobile CPU.
Efficient Removal of Organic Ligands from Supported Nanocrystals by Fast Thermal Annealing Enables Catalytic Studies on Well-Defined Active Phases

A simple yet efficient method to remove organic ligands from supported nanocrystals is reported for activating uniform catalysts prepared by colloidal synthesis procedures. The method relies on a fast thermal treatment in which ligands are quickly removed in air, before sintering can cause changes in the size and shape of the supported nanocrystals. A short treatment at high temperatures is found to be sufficient for activating the systems for catalytic reactions. We show that this method is widely applicable to nanostructures of different sizes, shapes, and compositions. Being rapid and effective, this procedure allows the production of monodisperse heterogeneous catalysts for studying a variety of structure-activity relationships. We show here results on methane steam reforming, where the particle size controls the CO/CO2 ratio on alumina-supported Pd, demonstrating the potential applications of the method in catalysis.
Decrease in circulating CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells following vaccination with the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown in some cases to limit vaccine-specific immune responses and impact efficacy. Very little is known about the regulatory responses to the leading malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S. The goal of this study was to begin to characterize the regulatory responses to the RTS,S vaccine. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we examined responses in 13 malaria naive adult volunteers who received 2 doses of RTS,S given eight weeks apart. Five of these volunteers had previously received 3 doses of a candidate DNA-CSP vaccine, with the final dose given approximately one year prior to the first dose of the RTS,S vaccine. We found that the frequency of CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Treg cells decreased following administration of RTS,S (p=0.0195), with no differences based on vaccine regimen. There was a concomitant decrease in CTLA-4 expression on CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Treg cells (p=0.0093) and PD-1 levels on CD8(+) T cells (p=0.0002). Additionally, the frequency of anergic CTLA-4(+)CCR7(+) T cells decreased following vaccination. An inverse correlation was observed between the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP)-specific IFN-γ and PfCSP-specific IL-10, as well as an inverse correlation between IL-10 induced by Hepatitis B surface antigen, the carrier of RTS,S, and PfCSP-specific IFN-γ, suggesting that immunity against the vaccine backbone could impact vaccine immunogenicity. These results have implications for future malaria vaccine design.
Radical Theology and Emerging Christianity: Deconstruction, Materialism and Religious Practices

In the United States and England, a fascinating movement in Christianity is the ‘Emerging Church’. A movement that started in the late 1990s, it has reached an important level of popular and academ...
Building a Mountain Fortress for India: Sympathy, Imagination and the Reconfiguration of Ladakh into a Border Area

ABSTRACTThis article examines the relationship between affect and the state in post-colonial India, foregrounding sympathy as a feeling that arises from the embodied encounters and interactions between the state and a local population through state-building in the Himalayas. It establishes the emergence of sympathy in the materiality of the Himalayas and in the historical conjuncture of the passage to Indian nationhood in Ladakh, which was marked by the mobilisation of the local population in the defence of the territory of India amid the first Indo-Pakistani war (1947–48). This article argues that sympathy, in leading the state to reimagine the population of Ladakh, is integral to the reconfiguration of the region into a border area and to the rethinking of the sovereignty of the Indian state at its Himalayan frontier.
Quantum computing over the optical spatial mode comb with cluster states

We demonstrate multipartite entanglement in an optical spatial mode comb generated with an all-diode-laser optical pump and probe and four wave mixing in Rb vapor. This scalable scheme allows simultaneous access to all entangled modes.
Effect of Health on Retirement of Older Americans: a Competing Risks Study

Retirement is an important event in the life of an individual. The decision to retire or exit from full-time employment may be motivated by several factors, including health. This paper explores the effect of both subjective and relatively more objective physical and mental health conditions on the probability of exit from full-time employment. Using longitudinal data on older Americans from ten waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2010), eight health indices are created from a wide range of health measures by principal component analysis. The effect of these health indices on the time until exit from full-time employment is empirically examined in a proportional hazard model. Single and competing risk specifications are estimated that allow for multiple spells of full-time employment and control for unobserved heterogeneity. The main results suggest that better self-reported health decreases the likelihood of exit from full- time employment, while poor physical health (functional limitations factor) increases the likelihood of exit from full-time employment via complete retirement and disability. For mental health, I find that depression increases the likelihood of exit via complete retirement, part-time work and unemployment while cognitive disorders lead to an increase in likelihood of exit via the disability exit route. Hence, physical and mental health problems are both impediments to continued work. These results have implications for public policies targeted towards retaining older workers within the labor market.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: The “New” MRS for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychiatry Research

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) is a well-established technique for quantifying the brain regional biochemistry in vivo. In most studies, however, the ¹H MRS is acquired during rest with little to no constraint on behavior. Measured metabolite levels, therefore, reflect steady state concentrations whose associations with behavior and cognition are unclear. With the recent advances in MR technology - higher-field MR systems, robust acquisition techniques and sophisticated quantification methods - ¹H MRS is now experiencing a resurgence. It is sensitive to task-related and pathology-relevant regional dynamic changes in neurotransmitters, including the most ubiquitous among them, glutamate. Moreover, high temporal resolution approaches allow tracking glutamate modulations at a time scale of under a minute during perceptual, motor, and cognitive tasks. The observed task-related changes in brain glutamate are consistent with new metabolic steady states reflecting the neural output driven by shifts in the local excitatory and inhibitory balance on local circuits. Unlike BOLD-base fMRI, this form of in vivo MRS, also known as functional MRS (¹H fMRS), yields a more direct measure of behaviorally relevant neural activity and is considerably less sensitive to vascular changes. ¹H fMRS enables noninvasive investigations of task-related glutamate changes that are relevant to normal and impaired cognitive performance, and psychiatric disorders. By targeting brain glutamate, this approach taps into putative neural correlates of synaptic plasticity. This review provides a concise survey of recent technological advancements that lay the foundation for the successful use of ¹H fMRS in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychiatry, including a review of seminal ¹H fMRS studies, and the discussion of biological significance of task-related changes in glutamate modulation. We conclude with a discussion of the promises, limitations, and outstanding challenges of this new tool in the armamentarium of cognitive neuroscience and psychiatry research.
A clinically focused systematic review of social communication in pediatric TBI.

BACKGROUND Social communication is a persistent area of need after pediatric traumatic brain injury; however, it continues to be misunderstood, under-recognized, and under-treated. Clinicians must have a working understanding of current evidence and practice recommendations to support practice. OBJECTIVES 1) To analyze recent evidence in social communication published in the last ten years, which is specific to pediatric TBI and 2) To translate these findings for clinicians. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted. Ninety-five articles met criteria for full analysis. For analysis, articles were grouped according five themes: 1) Theoretical/Review; 2) Etiology/Characteristics; 3) Recovery/Outcome; 4) Assessment; or 5) Intervention. Article findings were then extracted, translated, and summarized. RESULTS The majority of articles focused on describing characteristics of social communication deficits after pediatric TBI, documenting recovery, and identifying factors that contribute to outcome. Research on the relationship of development, age at injury, injury severity, and environmental factors with social communication outcomes requires additional attention. Research in assessment and treatment is critically sparse. CONCLUSION The results of this review highlight both the progress that has been made in understanding the phenomena of social communication deficits in pediatric TBI and the critical need for basic and translational research in assessment and intervention.
Dual-Polarization OFDM-OQAM Wireless Communication System

In this paper we describe the overall idea and results of a recently proposed radio access technique based on filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) communication system using two orthogonal polarizations: dual-polarization FBMC (DP-FBMC). Using this system we can alleviate the intrinsic interference problem in FBMC systems. This enables use of all the multicarrier techniques used in cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) systems for channel equalization, multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) processing, etc., without using the extra processing required for conventional FBMC. DP-FBMC also provides other interesting advantages over CP-OFDM and FBMC such as more robustness in multipath fading channels, and more robustness to receiver carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset (TO). For DP-FBMC we propose three different structures based on different multiplexing techniques in time, frequency, and polarization. We will show that one of these structures has exactly the same system complexity and equipment as conventional FBMC. In our simulation results DP-FBMC has better bit error ratio (BER) performance in dispersive channels. Based on these results, DP-FBMC has potential as a promising candidate for future wireless communication systems.
Hemochromatosis: pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of hepatic iron overload with a focus on MRI.

Introduction: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that occurs in approximately 1 in 200–250 individuals. Mutations in the HFE gene lead to excess iron absorption. Exc...
La crise de la psychiatrie contemporaine 1ère Partie: la perte du singulier

La psychiatrie contemporaine repose se fonde sur une activite de classification categorielle. Elle ignore l’experience subjective de la personne. Cette vue correspond a la specialisation actuelle des sciences. Les auteurs rapportent les origines de la psychiatrie moderne a l’esprit scientifique du siecle des Lumieres. L’activite d’abstraction que presuppose la science conduit a negliger certain aspects de la realite, ce qui peut rendre compte du visage equivoque de la psychiatrie contemporaine: celle-ci manque d’une conception de la vie mentale saine, manque par la meme d’une conception de la vie pathologique, et manque plus cruellement encore, de fondements dignes de garantir des perspectives therapeutiques. Les dangers principaux en sont le conformisme et la normalite.
A case of gallbladder cancer manifesting chylous ascites and chylothorax

A case of gallbladder cancer manifesting both chylous ascites and chylothorax was reported. A 66-year-old man was hospitalized with milky ascites. The patient was diagnosed as having gallbladder cancer based on findings of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and celiac angiography. The diagnosis of chylous ascites was confirmed by the presence of microscopically visible free fat and the biochemical analysis of the fluid. The patient also gradually developed chylous thoracic effusion. Autopsy revealed lymphogenous metastasis in multiple retroperitoneal and mediastinal nodes. Chylothorax and chyloperitoneum are relatively rare. Only five cases have been reported in Japan that manifested both conditions.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Gastrointestinal Features

Hemochromatosis is a disease defined by iron overload. Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence of 2 per 1,000 in those of European ancestry. It most commonly presents with liver disease but can also affect many other organ systems.
Myectomy or alcohol septal ablation surgery and percutaneous intervention go another round.

Since the development of alcohol septal ablation by Sigwart ([1][1]) and its increasing adoption, the treatment of symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation has generated a passion of debate and disagreement not often seen. Of course one
Vision-servoed localization and behavior-based planning for an autonomous quadruped legged robot

Planning actions for real robots in dynamic and uncertain environments is a challenging problem. It is not viable to use a complete model of the world; it is most appropriate to achieve goals and handle uncertainty by integrating deliberation and behavior-based reactive planning. We successfully developed a system integrating perception and action for the RoboCup-99 Sony legged robot league. The quadruped legged robots are fully autonomous and thus must have onboard vision, localization and action selection. We briefly present our perception algorithm that automatically classifies and tracks colored blobs in real time. We then briefly introduce our Sensor Resetting Localization (SRL) algorithm which is an extension of Monte Carlo Localization. Vision and localization provide the state input for action selection. Our robust and sensible behavior scheme handles dynamic changes in information accuracy. We developed a utility-based system for using and acquiring location information. Finally, we have devised several special built-in plans to deal with times when urgent action is needed and the robot cannot afford to collect accurate location information. We present results using t he real robots, which demonstrate the success of our approach. Our team of Sony quadruped legged robots, CMTrio-99, won all but one of its games in RoboCup-99, and was awarded third place in the competition.
Photonic emulation of two-dimensional materials with antiferromagnetic order

We introduce an electromagnetic metamaterial---a spin-valley photonic topological insulator (SV-PTI)---that emulates a wide class of theoretically predicted gapped two-dimensional materials with antiferromagnetic order coupled to the valley degree of freedom. First-principles electromagnetic simulations and an analytic model reveal that two geometric parameters control the propagation properties of the chiral kink states at the domain wall between two SV-PTIs: their group velocity, polarization, and the existence/absence of topological protection. We demonstrate that a nonuniform SV-PTI structure can compress the electromagnetic energy carried by the kink states.
Integrated Administrative Data for Early Childhood Iowa: A Governance Model to inform Policy and Program Collaboration

In response to demands on public systems to do more, do better, and cost less, the value of integrated administrative data systems (IDS) for social policy is increasing (Fantuzzo & Culhane, 2016). This is particularly relevant in programming for young children where services are historically fragmented, disconnected from systems serving school-aged children, and siloed among health, human services, and education agencies. Guided by the vision that Iowa’s early childhood system will be effectively and efficiently coordinated to support healthy families, we are developing an early childhood IDS to address this disconnection and facilitate relevant and actionable social policy research. Iowa’s IDS is a state-university partnership that acknowledges the need for agencies to retain control of their data while enabling it to be integrated across systems for social policy research. The innovative governance model deliberately incorporates procedures for stakeholder engagement at critical tension points between executive leaders, program managers, researchers, and practitioners. Standing committees (Governance Board, Data Stewardship, and Core team) authorize and implement the work of the IDS, while ad-hoc committees are solicited for specific projects to advise and translate research into practice. This paper will articulate the Iowa IDS governance model that was informed by means tested principles articulated by the Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy Network. It will include our collaborative development process; articulated mission and principles that guided discussions about legal authorization, governance, and use cases; and the establishment of governance committees to implement our vision for ethical and efficient use of administrative data for social policy.
Visualizing the Heterogeneity of Retinal Microglia

In this issue of Immunity, O'Koren et al. (2019) report that murine retinal microglia are long lived and are divided into two spatially and functionally distinct niches in the retina. In models of retinal neurodegeneration, retinal microglia migrate to the subretinal space, an inducible disease-associated niche, where they are neuroprotective.
Forbidden Familial Relations: Echoes of Shakespeare’s King Henry VIII and Hamlet in Austen’s Mansfield Park and Sense and Sensibility

Echoes and resonances of Shakespeare may be detected in Austen’s Mansfield Park and Sense and Sensibility in the leitmotif of incestuous sibling connections. In both Shakespeare and Austen, incestuous sibling connections are used to probe discourses of family, gender, class and domination and demonstrate how these discourses inform social, cultural and political worlds, and vice versa. In Shakespeare’s King Henry VIII and Hamlet, incest is used as a strategy to brandish and amalgamate power and to advance the interests of the ruling class in a blood-sustained time of violence, suppression and radical change. In Austen’s Mansfield Park and Sense and Sensibility, incest is still used as a defensive strategy to safeguard the family, and also as a means to create a more equitable balance in society between men and women during a violent revolutionary era of upheaval and tyranny.
Character Evidence, Mediocrity, and Walter Scott’s Advocate-Narrator

Many of Walter Scott’s fictional plots engage with serious crimes like treason and the violent acts involved in dueling. This article examines how Scott’s narrators draw on contemporary conventions...
Regulation of GABAA Receptor Subunit Expression in Substance Use Disorders.

The modulation of neuronal cell firing is mediated by the release of the neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobuytric acid), which binds to two major families of receptors. The ionotropic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) are composed of five distinct subunits that vary in expression by brain region and cell type. The action of GABA on GABAARs is modulated by a variety of clinically and pharmacologically important drugs such as benzodiazepines and alcohol. Exposure to and abuse of these substances disrupts homeostasis and induces plasticity in GABAergic neurotransmission, often via the regulation of receptor expression. Here, we review the regulation of GABAAR subunit expression in adaptive and pathological plasticity, with a focus on substance use. We examine the factors influencing the expression of GABAAR subunit genes including the regulation of the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, variations in DNA methylation, immediate early genes and transcription factors that regulate subunit expression, translational and post-translational modifications, and other forms of receptor regulation beyond expression. Advancing our understanding of the factors regulating GABAAR subunit expression during adaptive plasticity, as well as during substance use and withdrawal will provide insight into the role of GABAergic signaling in substance use disorders, and contribute to the development of novel targeted therapies.
COVID-19 and changes to postgraduate medical education in Canada.

KEY POINTS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fundamentally changed society and the delivery of health care in Canada. Given that much health care is delivered by residents, postgraduate medical education has also had to transform. Residents have been redeployed and rotations
Assembling a corpus of phosphoproteomic annotations using ProtMapper to normalize site information from databases and text mining

A major challenge in analyzing large phosphoproteomic datasets is that information on phosphorylating kinases and other upstream regulators is limited to a small fraction of phosphosites. One approach to addressing this problem is to aggregate and normalize information from all available information sources, including both curated databases and large-scale text mining. However, when we attempted to aggregate information on post-translational modifications (PTMs) from six databases and three text mining systems, we found that a substantial proportion of phosphosites were positioned on non-canonical residue positions. These errors were attributable to the use of residue numbers from non-canonical isoforms, mouse or rat proteins, post-translationally processed proteins and also from errors in curation and text mining. Published mass spectrometry datasets from large-scale efforts such as the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) also localize many PTMs to non-canonical sequences, precluding their accurate annotation. To address these problems, we developed ProtMapper, an open-source Python tool that automatically normalizes site positions to human protein reference sequences using data from PhosphoSitePlus and Uniprot. ProtMapper identifies valid reference positions with high precision and reasonable recall, making it possible to filter out machine reading errors from text mining and thereby assemble a corpus of 29,400 regulatory annotations for 13,668 sites, a 2.8-fold increase over PhosphoSitePlus, the current gold standard. To our knowledge this corpus represents the most comprehensive source of literature-derived information about phosphosite regulation currently available and its assembly illustrates the importance of sequence normalization. Combining the expanded corpus of annotations with normalization of CPTAC data nearly doubled the number of CPTAC annotated sites and the mean number of annotations per site. ProtMapper is available under an open source BSD 2-clause license at https://github.com/indralab/protmapper, and the corpus of phosphosite annotations is available as Supplementary Data with this paper under a CC-BY-NC-SA license. All results from the paper are reproducible from code available at https://github.com/johnbachman/protmapper_paper.
Beyond the Francophone Maghreb

The study of North African literatures has been firmly rooted in francophone frameworks since the 1960s, an approach that perpetuates colonial categories of both space and language. It is thus impe...
Endovascular treatment of superior vena cava syndrome does not preclude continued use of indwelling hemodialysis and chemotherapy lines

Obstruction of the Super Vena Cava (SVC) can result in symptoms, such as facial plethora and swelling, and be due to a variety of underlying causes besides lung malignancies, the rates of which have changed over time; the underlying etiology is used to determine the best management strategy. This case report aims to discuss the role of etiology in determining the best initial treatment for SVC syndrome (SVCS) and outlines the unique management for a patient that represents the changing demographics of SVCS causes. A 73-year-old male with end-stage renal disease and metastatic carcinoma of the colon presented with swelling of the jaw, neck, and tongue. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed chronic thrombosis of the SVC and bilateral brachiocephalic veins. He had been receiving hemodialysis and chemotherapy through central venous catheters (CVCs) that traversed the SVC and terminated in the right atrium. Treatment involved double-barrel stent reconstruction of the SVC with a snare technique to temporarily reposition the chemotherapy port catheter and exchange of the hemodialysis catheter. After this single procedure, he experienced relief of symptoms without disrupting the use of his CVCs for further hemodialysis or chemotherapy appointments. For cases of SVCS due to underlying lung malignancies, which has been and remains the most common cause, endovascular stenting is reserved as a palliative measure when treatment of a refractory malignancy fails to resolve the obstruction and for when symptoms are severe because most cases are not life-threatening. However, increased use of CVCs has caused a rise in SVCS due to thrombosis, for which stenting is the first-line treatment. Of the few previously published case reports that depict using a snare technique to temporarily reposition a CVC, they all describe cases due to lung malignancies. Outlining this case presentation can increase awareness of thrombotic stenosis as an increasingly common cause of SVCS, which may occur in patients with a broader range of underlying conditions, ages, and life expectancies and require a wider array of physicians to be knowledgeable of management strategies. Furthermore, detailing this unique technique can provide therapeutic alternatives that show how endovascular interventions do not disrupt interdisciplinary treatment plans or preclude continued use of CVCs. While stenting technology has improved dramatically since its inception, follow-up on stent patency will help determine if expanding treatment for lower acuity cases is beneficial. Endovascular stenting is the treatment of choice for thrombotic causes of SVCS, which is becoming more common due to the increased use of CVCs. Techniques to temporarily reposition CVCs intra-procedurally allow for limited disruption in multidisciplinary treatment plans for patients with complex underlying conditions.
Norwegians and the Common Market

The EEC of “six” expanded to “nine” following the admission of Denmark, Ireland, and the U.K. on January 1, 1973. With the view of joining the EEC, the Norwegian government called for a referendum on September 25, 1972. The referendum did not get popular support and at the present time Norway stays out of the EEC. Given that Norwegians and other west Europeans have similarity with regard to economic, political, social, and cultural characteristics, it was surprising that the referendum did not receive popular support. This study was, therefore, designed to find out why Norwegians did not support the referendum to join the EEC. Responses provided by 306 households located in various parts of Norway revealed that the referendum was turned down because a great majority of Norwegians did not want to be governed by “Brussels”. Any future attempt(s) to join the EEC may, therefore, emphasize that joining the EEC will not affect domestic economic and political policies.
Transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemical studies of yeast: analysis of HMG-CoA reductase overproduction by electron microscopy

Publisher Summary Immunocytochemistry provides a powerful technique for analysis of molecular organization within cells. Using specific antibody probes together with electron microscopy (EM), the localization of a protein within individual cells can be analyzed. During the electronmicroscopic analysis of yeast cells, it is found that samples prepared for routine EM could be labeled quite successfully with affinity-purified antiserum against the membrane protein, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA reductase), and colloidal gold reagents. This chapter describes the detailed protocols of these methods. Generation of reagent antibodies of high specificity is of utmost importance for accurate immunolocalization at the EM level. The electron micrographs presented in the chapter compare several fixation protocols and resins, and the effect of these variables on immunoreactivity of HMG-CoA reductase with affinity-purified antiserum.
Profilin mutations disrupt multiple actin-dependent processes during Drosophila development

The chickadee gene of Drosophila encodes profilin, a small actin binding protein. We present the first analysis of the effects of profilin deletion in a multicellular organism. Genomic deletions of the chickadee locus result in a late embryonic lethal phenotype indicating that profilin is essential in flies. In addition, viable alleles of chickadee with defects in oogenesis, spermatogenesis and bristle formation provide insight into profilin function in a variety of cell types. Defects in oogenesis include the previously described failure to assemble nurse cell actin filament bundles in addition to abnormal regulation of mitosis, binucleate cells and stalled cell migration. Malformed bristles are a result of aberrant actin assembly. Monoclonal antibodies against Drosophila profilin were generated to study profilin9s cellular and subcellular localization.
Middle-Aged and Older Adult Health Care Selection: Health Care Bypass Behavior in Rural Communities in Montana

This study assesses the prevalence of primary-care physician (PCP) bypass among rural middle-aged and older adults. Bypass is a behavior where people travel beyond local providers to obtain health care. This article applies a precise Geographic Information System (GIS)-based measure of bypass and examines the role of community and non-health-care-related characteristics on bypass. Our results indicate that bypass behavior among rural middle-aged and older adults is multifaceted. In addition to the perceived quality of local primary care, dissatisfaction with local services, such as shopping, creates an effect that increases the likelihood of bypass, whereas strong community ties decrease the likelihood of bypass. The results suggest that the "outshopping theory," where respondents select services in larger regional economic centers rather than local "mom and pop" providers, now extends to older adult health care selection.
A Note from the Editorial Team

In this issue of JCRL we present seven articles: five feature articles and two Forum articles from a range of topics germane to developmental education and learning assistance.Our first feature article, "Instructions that Enhance Multiple-Text Comprehension for College Readers," by Tracy Linderholm, Heekyung Kwon, and David J. Therriault, reports on two experiments on the connections between prereading instructions and multiple-text comprehension. The authors explain three different versions of prereading instructions provided to student-participants, and provide findings on the most effective approach.The next article is "The Use of the LASSI (The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory) to Predict and Evaluate the Study Habits and Academic Performance of Students in a Learning Assistance Program" by Anna L. Dill, Cheryl A. Justice, Sue S. Minchew, Laura M. Moran, Chih-hsuan Wang, and Candace B. Weed. The authors report on a study that examined the effectiveness of an advising and learning strategies program for students placed on academic suspension, using students' Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) scores as the dependent variable. In addition, they examined correlations between LASSI scores and student success in the academic suspension program.The third feature article, by Julie W. Hohmann and Michael C. Grillo, is "Using Critical Thinking Rubrics to Increase Academic Performance." In this article, the authors examine whether the use of critical thinking rubrics in academic support sessions has an effect on students' critical thinking skills and course grades. The study took place in tutoring contexts in one university's learning center and utilized a well-known model of critical thinking to frame the study.The fourth article is "Assessing the Impact of Tutorial Services" by Cindy S. Ticknor, Kimberly A. Shaw, and Timothy Howard. In this study, the authors describe the development of a data collection system used in the university's tutoring center to track student participation-including demographic, performance, and assessment data-in the tutoring center. The authors focus on uncovering the impact of tutorial services on grades for student populations underrepresented in STEM fields.The last feature article in this issue, by Laurie Bauer and Connie Kendall Theado is "Examining the 'Social Tum' in Postsecondary Literacy Research and Instruction: A Retrospective View of JCRL Scholarship, 2005-2013. …
NMR relaxation measurements to quantify immiscible organic contaminants in sediments

[1] Laboratory NMR relaxation time (T2) measurements at 2 MHz were used to quantify the amount of toluene and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP) in the presence of water in sand-clay mixtures. NMR measurements were made on water, toluene, or BEHP in each sand-clay mixture to understand the role of clay and iron content on the T2 of each fluid; we then made NMR measurements on mixtures of water and the contaminants in each sand-clay mixture. Our ability to resolve the NMR response of the contaminant from that of water and to quantify the amount of the contaminant varied significantly with the clay and iron content of the sand-clay mixtures. Detection limits as low as 3% contaminant (i.e., percent of the pore fluid, by weight) were observed in some sand-clay mixtures. Our results suggest that NMR measurements could quantify toluene if some clay is present but are unlikely to be useful for quantifying BEHP.
Effect of genotype but not of age or caste on olfactory learning performance in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Abstract Abstract. The ability to change expression of a behaviour through experience with contingencies among important stimuli can enhance the survival and fitness of animals under certain ecological conditions. It would seem paradoxical if strong variability in learning performance persists even when those conditions are met. In the honey bee, learning about the relationship between floral odours and the rewards offered by flowers is important for colony survival. Yet several studies have identified a significant amount of inter-individual variability in olfactory learning performance among workers within colonies. This variability could be due to changes in learning performance due to age, to caste-specific alteration of motivational state, or to genotypic variability among paternal lines within colonies. Experiments reported herein were designed to establish the contribution of all three variables under controlled environmental conditions within which significant variability in a measure of learning performance exists. The results indicate that, at least under these conditions and when genotype is not manipulated, neither age nor caste had an effect on motivational state or learning performance. Genotype was the only variable that could account for a substantial portion of the variability within colonies of honey bees. Therefore, manipulation of genotype will be necessary in future studies designed to establish the reasons underlying variability in learning performance in natural populations.
Exploring strategic risk in communities: evidence from a Canadian province

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the management of strategic public sector risks in communities and municipalities.Design/methodology/approach – This research collates information on public sector risk management through a series of key informant interviews and content analysis of municipal plans.Findings – Financial, environmental, social and other strategic risks were found to be important by communities but not necessarily managed as part of the strategic planning process.Social implications – The paper explores the question: what are the strategic risks that communities report on and how they are managed? What risks are identified in communities and how they are managed, if they have significant practical and social implications.Originality/value – It is an interesting time to study public sector risk management. From a regional policy development perspective, public sector organizations will be facing substantial strategic risks in the coming years due to demographic changes (implica...
Inventing PHP: Rasmus Lerdorf

Unique among most of its peers, PHP wasn't conceived as a pure programming language. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/YIGRXEzjE6c is a video interview with Rasmus Lerdorf about the creation of PHP. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/olqMW78GVcs is an audio recording of Charles Severanceis Computing Conversations column, in which he discusses his interview with Rasmus Lerdorf about the creation of PHP.