cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WebProtégé: a collaborative Web-based platform for editing biomedical ontologies

Summary: WebProtege is an open-source Web application for editing OWL 2 ontologies. It contains several features to aid collaboration, including support for the discussion of issues, change notification and revision-based change tracking. WebProtege also features a simple user interface, which is geared towards editing the kinds of class descriptions and annotations that are prevalent throughout biomedical ontologies. Moreover, it is possible to configure the user interface using views that are optimized for editing Open Biomedical Ontology (OBO) class descriptions and metadata. Some of these views are shown in the Supplementary Material and can be seen in WebProtege itself by configuring the project as an OBO project. Availability and implementation: WebProtege is freely available for use on the Web at http://webprotege.stanford.edu. It is implemented in Java and JavaScript using the OWL API and the Google Web Toolkit. All major browsers are supported. For users who do not wish to host their ontologies on the Stanford servers, WebProtege is available as a Web app that can be run locally using a Servlet container such as Tomcat. Binaries, source code and documentation are available under an open-source license at http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/WebProtege. Contact: ude.drofnats@egdirroh.wehttam Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
17β-Estradiol Increases Basal but Not Bradykinin-Stimulated Release of Active t-PA in Young Postmenopausal Women

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition potentiates basal and bradykinin-stimulated tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release to a greater extent in women than in men. This study tested the...
Reconfigurable Fourth Generation Airborne Research Test System

Full scale flight testing of advanced research control concepts is a necessary step in migrating those concepts from research to production. The Airborne Research Test System described in this paper provides a hardware and software platform for hosting advanced control research on NASA Dryden’s Full-Scale Advanced Concepts Testbed. Designed to host Intelligent Resilient Aircraft Controls research, the software architecture provides the ability to host multiple research experiments simultaneously and allows the researcher to reconfigure the software to meet different mission needs. This paper provides an overview of basic system concepts and describes the features and capabilities available to research. Several example research experiments and research experiment concepts are also presented.
701 Burden of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Hospitalized Infants in Romania

Background and Aims The rotavirus infection is a major cause of acute diarrhea in young children. The study aimed to evaluate the impact on healthcare and the economic burden associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants, looking at incidence, disease severity and hospitalization costs. Methods We conducted an observational, retrospective study which included children younger than one year, hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Department of Pediatrics in “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Children’s Hospital from January until June 2011. From the medical records we extracted: month of admission, age and sex, history of the disease, clinical characteristics, data on hospital course and costs of hospital stay. Vesikari severity score was calculated for each patient (score ≥11 = severe infection). Results We selected 429 infants hospitalized with acute diarrhea from a total of 11383 patients admitted in our department. The study included 247 infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis (2.17% of all children hospitalized). The percentage of rotavirus diarrhea was 57.6%. The highest incidence of rotavirus infection was recorded in January (78%). Mean age was 7 months and 62.3% of infants had severe diarrhea. Mean severity score was 11.3. Nosocomial infection represented 25.5% of cases. The mean duration of hospitalization was 6.4 days; the average cost for hospitalization was 581.3 euros/patient. Conclusions The rotavirus infection represented the etiology of acute diarrhea in more than half the cases. We report a high percentage of severe gastroenteritis and a significant percentage of nosocomial rotavirus diarrhea. The considerable medical costs should justify prevention through vaccination.
Can the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations be improved

Regression analysis of data from 222 extracapsular cataract extractions was performed to determine if the accuracy of IOL prediction in cataract surgery can be improved. Polynomial and piecewise regression of large, medium, and short eyes were used to calculate new formulas for IOL prediction. The Taylor series representation of the theoretical lens power formula was calculated to determine what combination of the variables for IOL power prediction are reasonable to consider in constructing a polynomial regression model. The formulas calculated from the data in this study were compared with other published methods of IOL calculation. In this study, the difference between the postoperative refraction error and emmetropia was independent of the formula used. The exception was the modified Binkhorst formula, which caused greater error. Inclusion of higher order terms in the regression formula or piecewise regression did not reduce the postoperative refractive error.
Technical Note: Effects of taper ratio on trailing vortex structure

A theoretical study was undertaken to determine the effect of taper ratio on the trailing vortex structure of a high aspect ratio unswept wing. The wing was modelled using lifting line theory, and the vortex was assumed to have a Rankine distribution of circulation. The results show that reducing the taper ratio of the wing, decreases the maximum tangential velocity of the vortex as well as the vortex span while the core's diameter increases. Data is also presented showing the sensitivity of induced drag to wake vortex parameters.
Development and application of a hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent Raman probe designed for study of excited state systems

iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 General Overview 1 Thesis Organization 2 Theoretical Background 2 References 7 CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULTANEOUS FREQUENCY AND TIME RESOLVED COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING FOR ULTRAFAST DETECTION OF MOLECULAR SPECTRA Abstract 10 Introduction 12 Experimental 14 Results and Discussion 18 Conclusions 28 Acknowledgements 29 References 29 CHAPTER 3: DISCUSSION OF TIME-RESOLUTION, FREQUENCY RESOLUTION AND EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS USING FS/PS CARS ON EXCITED STATE SYSTEMS Overview 38 Time Resolution 40 Frequency Resolution 44 Conclusions 48 References 49 CHAPTER 4: ULTRAFAST EXCITED STATE RAMAN INVESTIGATION OF COUMARIN DYES USING A FS/PS CARS PROBE: EXCITED STATE HYDROGEN BONDING DYNAMICS AND AB INITIO CALCULATIONS Abstract 58 Introduction 58 Experimental 61 Results and Discussion 67 Conclusions 77 Acknowledgements 78 References 78
Environmental Policies in Their Cultural and Historical Contexts

19.4 Culture, History, and the Environment: A Review of Research Perspectives 425 19.4.1 Comparative Environmental Politics and Policymaking 426 19.4.2 Cross-national Surveys of Public Opinion 426 19.4.3 Social Construction of Risk 427 19.4.4 National Innovation Styles and Technology Policy 427 19.4.5 Public Understanding of Science and the Production of Environmental Knowledge 428 19.4.6 Responses to Global Environmental Change in National Contexts 428
Minimally Invasive Support for Placement of Ventricular Shunts

Laparoscopy for placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS), management of VPS complications, and for other indications in patients with existing VPS is safe and effective. This chapter will focus on the current recommendations for laparoscopic-assisted placement of VPS, either primary or redo, as well as the use of laparoscopy for the management of complications associated with VPS. The literature regarding the safety of laparoscopy for other conditions in patients with existing VPS will also be reviewed. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and preoperative evaluation will be discussed for congenital and acquired hydrocephalus as well as for complications of VPS. Laparoscopic techniques for placing VPS and managing distal complications and alternatives such as ventriculogallbladder shunts will be presented. A comprehensive list of references is included.
The influence of substrate modulus on retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Although transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells has shown promise for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases, this therapeutic approach is not without challenges. Two major challenges are RPE cell dedifferentiation and inflammatory response following transplantation. The aim of this work is to understand how the rigidity of a scaffold, a relatively unexplored design aspect in retinal tissue engineering, affects RPE cells, particularly the pathways associated with the aforementioned challenges. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) of varying molecular weights from 3.4 to 20 kDa were photopolymerized to fabricate scaffolds. The Young's modulus of the scaffolds varied from 60 to 1200 kPa. A cell study was then conducted to test the effects of scaffold rigidity on RPE cells. A cell adhesion peptide motif of arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐serine (RGDS) was conjugated to 60 and 1200 kPa scaffolds and ARPE‐19 cells, a human RPE cell line, were seeded onto these hydrogels. Cells grown on scaffolds demonstrated qualitatively different adhesion properties, metabolic activity, and gene expression at an mRNA level. IL‐6 and MCP‐1, two inflammation markers known to recruit microglial into the retina, had the same expression pattern with cells having the highest expression on the high modulus scaffold and lowest expression on the control substrate. This study demonstrates that scaffold rigidity, an important design parameter in other areas of tissue engineering, affects cell adhesion, activity, and expression of RPE cells. Though more exploration is needed, this begins to lay a foundation for optimizing scaffold rigidity to promote long‐term success of RPE scaffolds. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1260–1266, 2017.
Can Emotions Have Abstract Objects? The Example of Awe

Can we feel emotions about abstract objects, assuming that abstract objects exist? I argue that at least some emotions can have abstract objects as their intentional objects and discuss why this conclusion is not just trivially true. Through critical engagement with the work of Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt, I devote special attention to awe, an emotion that is particularly well suited to show that some emotions can be about either concrete or abstract objects. In responding to a possible objection, according to which we can only feel emotions about things that we take to matter to our flourishing, and thus cannot feel emotions about causally inefficacious abstract objects, I explore how abstract objects can be relevant to human flourishing and discuss some emotions other than awe that can be about abstract objects. I finish by explaining some reasons why my conclusion matters, including the fact that it presents a challenge to perceptual theories of emotion and causal theories of intentionality.
Aesthetic Breast Surgery and Concomitant Procedures: Incidence and Risk Factors for Major Complications in 73,608 Cases.

Background Major complications following aesthetic breast surgery are uncommon and thus assessment of risk factors is challenging. Objectives To determine the incidence and risk factors of major complications following aesthetic breast surgery and concomitant procedures. Methods A prospective cohort of patients who enrolled into the CosmetAssure (Birmingham, AL) insurance program and underwent aesthetic breast surgery between 2008 and 2013 was identified. Major complications (requiring reoperation, readmission, or emergency room visit) within 30 days of surgery were recorded. Risk factors including age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, type of surgical facility, and combined procedures were evaluated. Results Among women, augmentation was the most common breast procedure (n = 41,651, 58.6%) followed by augmentation-mastopexy, mastopexy, and reduction. Overall, major complications occurred in 1.46% with hematoma (0.99%) and infection (0.25%) being most common. Augmentation-mastopexy had a higher risk of complications, particularly infection (relative risk [RR] 1.74, P < 0.01), than single breast procedures. Age was the only significant predictor for hematomas (RR 1.01, P < 0.01). Increasing age (RR 1.02, P = 0.03) and BMI (RR 1.09, P < 0.01) were risk factors for infection. Concomitant abdominoplasty was performed in 4162 (5.8%) female patients and was associated with increased risk of complications compared to breast procedures or abdominoplasty performed alone. Among men, correction of gynecomastia was the most common breast procedure (n = 1613, 64.6%) with a complication rate of 1.80% and smoking as a risk factor (RR 2.73, P = 0.03). Conclusions Incidence of major complications after breast cosmetic surgical procedures is low. Risk factors for major complications include increasing age and BMI. Combining abdominoplasty with any breast procedure increases the risk of major complications. Level of Evidence 2.
A model to predict axillary nodal pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

1047Background: Several recent trials have suggested feasibility of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in the neoadjuvant setting. Selection of patients suitable for this approach is controversial. We soug...
Millimeter-wave MMIC technology for smart weapons

Millimeter wave MMIC component technology has made dramatic progress over the last ten years largely due to funding stimulation received under the ARPA Tri-Service MIMIC program. In several smart weapon systems, MMIC components are now specified as the baseline approach for millimeter wave radar transceiver hardware. Availability of this new frontier in microelectronics has also enabled realization of sensor fusion for multispectral capability to defeat many forms of known countermeasures. The current frequency range for these MMIC-based components is approximately 30 to 100 GHz. In several cases, it has been demonstrated that the MMIC component performance has exceeded that available from hybrid microstrip circuits using selected discrete devices. However, challenges still remain in chip producibility enhancement and cost reduction since many of the essential device structure candidates are themselves emerging technologies with a limited wafer fabrication history and accumulated test databases. It is concluded that smart weapons of the future will rely heavily on advanced microelectronics to satisfy performance requirements as well as meeting stringent packaging and power source constraints.
Extracting code segments and their descriptions from research articles

The availability of large corpora of online software-related documents today presents an opportunity to use machine learning to improve integrated development environments by first automatically collecting code examples along with associated descriptions. Digital libraries of computer science research and education conference and journal articles can be a rich source for code examples that are used to motivate or explain particular concepts or issues. Because they are used as examples in an article, these code examples are accompanied by descriptions of their functionality, properties, or other associated information expressed in natural language text. Identifying code segments in these documents is relatively straightforward, thus this paper tackles the problem of extracting the natural language text that is associated with each code segment in an article. We present and evaluate a set of heuristics that address the challenges of the text often not being colocated with the code segment as in developer communications such as online forums.
Propofol and fentanyl sedation for laser treatment of retinopathy of prematurity to avoid intubation.

AbstractBackground: Despite the optimization of neonatal assistance, severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, stage III–IV) remains a common condition among preterm infants. Laser photocoagulation usually requires general anesthesia and intubation, but extubation can be difficult and these infants often affected by chronic lung disease. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical charts of 13 neonates that were sedated with propofol in association with fentanyl for the laser treatment of ROP. This protocol was introduced in our unit to avoid intubation and minimize side effects of anesthesia and ventilation.Methods: Propofol 5% followed by a bolus of fentanyl was administered as sedation during laser therapy to 13 preterm infants, affected by ROP stage III–IV. Propofol was initially infused as a slow bolus of 2–4 mg/kg and then continuously during the entire procedure, at 4 mg/kg/hour, increasing the dosage to 6 mg/kg/hour if sedation was not achieved. A laryngeal mask was placed and patients were ventilated...
Stalking the calm buzz: how the polyvagal theory links stage presence, mammal evolution, and the root of the vocal nerve

Conversational voice and speech—which are enlarged and refined in theatrical performance—evolved from the social sounds and gestures of animals. A recent and influential theory in psychophysiology ...
Julie Hemment. Youth Politics in Putin’s Russia: Producing Patriots and Entrepreneurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015

Youth Politics in Putin’s Russia: Producing Patriots and Entrepreneurs is a pioneering work in that it analyzes the subjective side of a highly controversial policy field. While the book’s cover features a faceless mass of Nashi activists in Red Square, waving flags and wearing capes with President Vladimir Putin’s portrait on them, its content provides close-up views of six political youth activists based in the city of Tver’. DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2017-9-3-135-139
Network Monitoring for Cloud

Cloud computing is one of the dominant current trends in information technology. Scale out computing infrastructures pose specific requirements on underlying data networks. The goal of the talk, is to analyze monitoring system requirements specific to cloud infrastructure networks and identify device functions allowing to address them. I'll summarize typical properties of cloud data networks, identify requirements for monitoring systems and outline key paradigms and technologies suitable for supporting them.
Orange Juice Demand: An Industry in Transition

Florida’s orange industry is facing an increasingly challenging production/marketing situation. Factors largely responsible for the current situation include demand growth and shifts in product demand, Florida freezes, and increased competition from Brazil. These factors will largely determine the position of the Florida industry in the orange juice market in the years ahead.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Kinetics of Microbial Transformation of Organic Pollutants in Natural Aquatic Systems

In assessing the potential exposure of humans and other organisms to toxic organic pollutants, it is necessary to first determine the persistence of the pollutants in the environment. This assessment, in turn, requires that we understand the kinetics of microbial transformation and mineralization (to carbon dioxide) of the compounds in a given ecosystem. Models of pollutant transformation in aquatic ecosystems have heretofore often assumed that degradation followed simple, Michaelis-Menten, kinetics which can be described by a single hyperbolic relationship between substrate concentration and degradation rate. In such a relationship, the kinetics are defined by a single set of kinetic parameters which include a K (the concentration of substrate supporting half maximal degradation rate) and a Vmax (the maximal rate of substrate degradation).
Evaluation as a Tool for Research and Development: Issues and Trends in Its Applications in Educational Technology

In this chapter we will review developments in program evaluation with particular attention to implications for the design and future application of automated evaluation systems. We will first review briefly some key historical events in educational technology, followed by a review of traditional evaluation models and approaches. We then turn in more detail to a current, “eclectic” evaluation model that we have developed through combining philosophies and methods from (a) formative and summative evaluation approaches, (b) quantitative and qualitative research paradigms, and (c) instructional design and constructivist philosophies. In the concluding section, we will draw from these experiences and ideas to propose potential strategies for automating the evaluation process.
A Multinomial Logit Model of Pedestrian-Vehicle Crash Severity in North Carolina

Abstract This article develops a multinomial logit (MNL) model to investigate and identify significant contributing factors that determine the pedestrian-vehicle crash severity in North Carolina, United States. Pedestrian-vehicle crash data from Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database from 2005 to 2012 are collected and used in this study. Crash injury severities are classified into five categories: no injury (property damage only), injury class 3 (possible injury), injury class 2 (evident injury), injury class 1 (disabling injury), and fatality. A preferred multinomial logit model is developed using SAS PROC MDC procedure and marginal effects are also calculated. The results show that the factors that significantly increase the probability of fatalities and disabling injuries include: driver’s physical condition (bad condition), vehicle type (motorcycle and heavy truck), pedestrian age (26–65 and over 65), weekend, light condition (dawn, dusk and dark), roadway characteristics (curve), roadway surface (water), roadway class (NC route) and speed limit (35–50 mph and above 50 mph). The developed model and analysis results provide insights on developing effective countermeasures to reduce vehicle-pedestrian crash severities and improve traffic system safety performance.
Give and Take: A Watershed Acid Rain Mitigation Experiment Increases Baseflow Nitrogen Retention but Increases Stormflow Nitrogen Export.

In many temperate forested watersheds, hydrologic nitrogen export has declined substantially in recent decades, and many of these watersheds show enduring effects from historic acid deposition. A watershed acid remediation experiment in New Hampshire reversed many of these legacy effects of acid deposition and also increased watershed nitrogen export, suggesting that these two phenomena may be coupled. Here we examine stream nitrate dynamics in this watershed acid remediation experiment for indicators of nitrogen saturation in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Post-treatment, the (positive) slope of the relationship between nitrate concentration and discharge increased by a median of 82% (p = 0.004). This resulted in greater flushing of nitrate during storm events, a key indicator of early stage nitrogen saturation. Hysteretic behavior of the concentration-discharge relationship indicated that the mobilization of soil nitrate pools was responsible for this increased flushing. In contrast to this evi...
Developing an Expert System to Improve Lesion Quantification for Personalized PET Imaging

The measurements of lesion standardized uptake value (SUV) in clinical PET studies are affected in a complicated way by many aspects of the data, including—but not limited to—count level, lesion size, lesion shape, lesion location, background level and structure, and patient size. Optimized reconstruction algorithms and their parameters can provide substantial improvements in lesion quantification for personalized PET imaging. Full optimization of reconstruction parameters can be too complicated/tedious for human beings, thus we propose an expert system to optimize these parameters and to improve lesion quantification. Three core techniques are explored: 1) synthetic lesion embedding technique, 2) system local impulse response (LIR) modeling, and 3) bootstrapping for uncertainty estimation. We experimentally acquire list-mode data from physical radioactive spheres of known activity concentration with different sizes at different locations using the same PET scanner as was used for acquiring the patient data. We can then synthetically embed the spheres by merging the sphere list-mode data into patient data. We also use statistical bootstrapping method to generate multiple replicates of patient data with embedded lesions to determine the variance of the estimated SUV. We also use the LIR to characterize the local properties and responses of an imaging system, which can be used as a criterion for optimizing the reconstruction parameters. We have performed simulated phantom studies to confirm the use of bootstrapping of clinical data to determine the variance of SUV, and the use of LIR to determine the recovery coefficients and the bias of SUV of each lesion with different size. We are currently integrating the expertsystem tools with a graphical user interface to allow the execution and visualization of ensembles of lesions with the use of different reconstruction algorithms and parameters. The end result will be patient- and lesion-specific corrected SUVs with estimated uncertainty.
An Image Sensor SOC with Energy Harvesting Mixed-Vth Pixel Generating 5.8μW/mm 2 Power Density and 0.77 Frames/second Self-Powered Frame Rate

This paper presents an image sensor SOC consisting of $\mathrm {a}64 \times 48$ array of logarithmic energy harvesting pixels and associated readout circuits. The pixel array can be configured to harvest energy during idle mode and store energy in an off-chip battery or super capacitor, which offers the potential for self-powered operation where the system can be run with energy harvested solely from the chip. Measurement results from the image sensor node show peak harvested power of $5.8 \mu \mathrm {W}$, which equates to the system being able to process a frame every 1.3 seconds (or 25.3 seconds if transmitter is considered as well) when operated solely from harvested energy. The sensor is also able to switch into harvesting mode autonomously whenever a frame has finished processing, thus demonstrating the feasibility of autonomous self-powered operation.
What to Expect When Expecting CRISPR Baby Number Four.

In the wake of reports that a Chinese biophysicist, He Jiankui, used a genome editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9, to modify the CCR5 gene in viable human embryos, the criticism from the international ...
MATHSTUFF Logo Procedures: Bridging the Gap between Logo and School Geometry.

Much enthusiasm has been generated about students' investigating and exploring the world of Logo's "turtle graphics" to learn geometry. This enthusiasm is easy to understand, since the computer screen in which the Logo turtle moves represents a small portion of a mathematical plane. As it is taught in middle and junior high school, geometry is essentially the study of such a plane and the objects that exist within it. So creating shapes with the turtle clearly involves geometric thought. However, the geometric ideas encountered in Logo are many times not covered in the standard curriculum; thus, integrating Logo activities with textbook topics can be difficult. This article will describe how teachers familiar with
Determination of Gas-Phase Ion Mobility Coefficients Using Voltage Sweep Multiplexing.

In a standard single averaged, drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) experiment, typically less than 1% of the ions are utilized, with the rest of the ions neutralizing on a closed ion gate or ion optic element. Though some efforts at lower pressures (e.g., 4 Torr) have been made to address this issue by concentrating ions prior to release into a drift cell, the ion current reaching the detector during an IMS experiment is often diminished due to this lower duty cycle. Additionally, when considering the temporal nature of the drift tube IMS experiment and the trajectory of IMS towards higher resolution separations and lower duty cycles, increased detector sampling rates are another factor also which further necessitates new modes of conducting the IMS experiment. Placing this trend in context with ion mobility-mass spectrometry instruments (IM-MS), there are numerous types of mass spectrometers that are simply incompatible with the single averaged ion mobility spectrometry experiments due to timing incompatibilities (i.e., ion traps are an order of magnitude slower than the IMS experiment). However, by utilizing a dual gate ion mobility spectrometer for ion multiplexing, ion utilization efficiency can be significantly increased while creating a measurement signal that can be recorded at low sampling rates. In this work, we present the fundamental theory and first results from proof-of-concept measurements using a new type of ion multiplexing that relies on changing the electric field within the drift cell during the course of an experiment while simultaneously opening the ion gates at a constant frequency. For brevity, this mode is termed voltage sweep multiplexing (VSM). Key variables for this type of experiment are discussed and verified with measurements from traditional signal averaged experiments.
Identification of small molecule flavor compounds that contribute to the somatosensory attributes of bovine milk products.

Abstract Compounds that contribute to the somatosensory flavor profile of bovine fluid milk products were investigated. Sensory descriptive analysis defined five main attributes that consisted of “mouthcoating, astringent/drying, fatty texture, dairy mouthfeel, and tingling/irritation” sensations. Utilizing multi-dimensional LC sensory guided fractionation, compounds with these attributes were selected, purified and subsequently identified by LC/MS as orotic acid, pantothenic acid, hippuric acid, and p-cresol sulfate. Quantitative analysis of the four compounds across skim milk, low fat milk and whole milk indicated the concentrations were not significantly different; however, they were significantly lower in cream. Sensory recombination milk model analysis of each compound at endogenous concentrations of fluid milk indicated all compounds were sensory active. Furthermore, using a 2-AFC sensory test, skim milk spiked at two-fold higher concentrations of the 4 compounds had a significantly “creamier, fuller body” when compared with skim milk itself (α = 0.01).
HTLV-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with disseminated strongyloidiasis.

![Figure][1] A 66-year-old Jamaican man presented with weakness, nausea, night sweats, and weight loss and was found to have a diffuse rash and lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies were notable for hypercalcemia (15.9 mg/dL), as well as an increased white blood cell count (12.92 × 109/L) with
Coping with Hunger in the Ghettos: The Impact of Nazi Racialized Food Policy

Ghetto conditions in Nazi-occupied Europe were sites of great food insecurity which forced Jews to expend expanding amounts of resources on food access resulting in economic devastation. Pre-war socioeconomic status, social networks, geographical ghetto location and structure, as well as various methods of arrival at the ghetto greatly impacted the level of resources available to individuals, families and even communities to resist hunger. Various coping methods were employed by ghettoized Jews to combat hunger in the ghetto. Ultimately, however, many Jews in the ghetto died of starvation or hunger was a factor in being deported to concentration camps.
Community Deprivation Index and Discharge Destination After Elective Hip Replacement.

OBJECTIVE To examine how the deprivation level of the community in which one lives influences discharge disposition and the odds of 90-day readmission after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study on 84,931 patients who underwent elective THA in the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council database from 2012 to 2016. We used adjusted binary logistic regression models to test the association between community Area Deprivation Index (ADI) level and patient discharge destination as well as 90-day readmission. We included an interaction term for community ADI level and patient race in our models to assess the simultaneous effect of both on the outcomes. RESULTS After adjusting for patient- and facility-level characteristics, we found that patients from high ADI level communities (most disadvantaged), compared to patients from low ADI level communities (least disadvantaged), were more likely to be discharged to an institution as opposed to home for postoperative care and rehabilitation (age <65 years adjusted odds ratio [ORadj ] 1.47; age ≥65 years ORadj 1.31; both P < 0.001). The interaction effect of patient race and ADI level on discharge destination was statistically significant in those patients age ≥65 years, but not in patients age <65 years. The association with ADI level on 90-day readmission was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In this statewide sample of patients who underwent elective THA, the level of deprivation of the community in which patients reside influences their discharge disposition, but not their odds of 90-day readmission to an acute-care facility.
Collagen‐Elastin‐Like Polypeptide‐Bioglass Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration

The goals of this study are to evaluate the ability of the multicomponent collagen-elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-Bioglass scaffolds to support osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs), demonstrate in vivo biocompatibility by subcutaneous implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, monitor degradation noninvasively, and finally assess the scaffold's ability in healing critical-sized cranial bone defects. The collagen-ELP-Bioglass scaffold supports the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs over a 3 week culture period. The cellular (rMSC-containing) or acellular scaffolds implanted in the subcutaneous pockets of rats do not cause any local or systemic toxic effects or tumors. The real-time monitoring of the fluorescently labeled scaffolds by IVIS reveals that the scaffolds remain at the site of implantation for up to three weeks, during which they degrade gradually. Micro-CT analysis shows that the bilateral cranial critical-sized defects created in rats lead to greater bone regeneration when filled with cellular scaffolds. Bone mineral density and bone microarchitectural parameters are comparable among different scaffold groups, but the histological analysis reveals increased formation of high-quality mature bone in the cellular group, while the acellular group has immature bone and organized connective tissue. These results suggest that the rMSC-seeded collagen-ELP-Bioglass composite scaffolds can aid in better bone healing process.
Innovations in HIV-1 Vaccine Design

Abstract Purpose The field of HIV-1 vaccinology has evolved during the last 30 years from the first viral vector HIV gene insert constructs to vaccination regimens using a myriad of strategies. These strategies now include germline-targeting, lineage-based, and structure-guided immunogen design. This narrative review outlines the historical context of HIV vaccinology and subsequently highlights the scientific discoveries during the last 6 years that promise to propel the field forward. Methods We conducted a search of 2 electronic databases, PubMed and EMBASE, for experimental studies that involved new HIV immunogen designs between 2013 and 2019. During the title and abstract reviews, publications were excluded if they were written in language other than English and/or were a letter to the editor, a commentary, or a conference-only presentation. We then used ClinicalTrials.gov to identify completed and ongoing clinical trials using these strategies. Findings The HIV vaccinology field has undergone periods of significant growth during the last 3 decades. Findings elucidated in preclinical studies have revealed the importance of the interaction between the cellular and humoral immune system. As a result, several new rationally designed vaccine strategies have been developed and explored in the last 6 years, including native-like envelope trimers, nanoparticle, and mRNA vaccine design strategies among others. Several of these strategies have shown enough promise in animal models to progress toward first-in-human Phase I clinical trials. Implications Rapid developments in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies suggest that a tolerable and effective HIV vaccine may be on the horizon.
State Legislatures Have the Courage to Pass Antiabortion Laws and Test the Ideology of the “New” United States Supreme Court

Many state legislatures are racing to pass antiabortion laws that will give the current Supreme Court the opportunity to review its stance on the alleged constitutional right to have an abortion. While the number of abortions reported to be performed annually in the United States has declined over the last decade, according to the most recent government-reported data, the number of abortions performed on an annual basis is still over 600,000 per year. Abortion has been legal in the United States since 1973, when the Supreme Court recognized a constitutional right to have an abortion prior to viability (i.e. the time when a baby could possibly live outside the mother’s womb). States currently have the right to forbid abortions after viability. However, prior to viability, states may not place an “undue burden” in the path of a woman seeking an abortion. The recent appointments of two new Supreme Court justices, Neil Gorsich and Brett Kavanaugh, give pro-life states the best chance in decades to overrule the current abortion precedent. The question is whether these two new justices will shift the ideology of the court enough to overrule the current abortion precedent.
Feedback and Debriefing in Mastery Learning

Feedback and debriefing are key features of the mastery learning education bundle. There is, however, little guidance about how to optimize mastery learning feedback and debriefing. Weak feedback and debriefing cripple instructional interventions required for powerful learning. This chapter provides a survey of healthcare feedback and debriefing, defines key terms, and outlines a rationale for the essential role of feedback and debriefing in mastery learning. Much of the work we discuss is in the context of simulation-based mastery learning (SBML). We also present specific approaches, techniques, and strategies for structuring feedback and debriefing sessions in SBML. The chapter presumes a basic familiarity with different approaches to facilitating post-simulation debriefing. We close by offering specific recommendations for debriefing various skills within a SBML curriculum, including procedural skills, communication skills, and algorithm team-based resuscitation.
Pathogen Reductions during Traditional Fermentation and Drying of Pork Salamis

ObjectivesTraditionally-processed meat products produced without thermal processing are common in European countries and are increasing in popularity in the United States. Processors are met with the challenge of creating these high-quality products while ensuring food safety. The purpose of this study was to validate the safety of a process to produce a traditional fermented and dried salami. This experiment investigated the impact of casing type and an antimicrobial intervention on the survival of foodborne pathogens in a salami product made with minimal ingredients.Materials and MethodsPork butts were cubed and experimentally-inoculated with ∼8 log10 CFU/ml of 3 strains each of E. coli O157:H7 (EC), Salmonella spp. (S), and L. monocytogenes (LM). The cubes were either sprayed with water (CTRL) or a 2.5% antimicrobial solution (TRT) prior to grinding through a 6-mm plate. Dry ingredients and starter culture were thoroughly mixed into the ground pork before being stuffed into ∼50 mm natural, collagen, and fibrous casings (N = 192). The salamis were subjected to fermentation (72 h), drying (28 d), and packaging (28 d). Salami samples were collected every 24 h until the end of fermentation. During drying and packaging, salami sampes were collected weekly.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the CTRL and TRT sausages for bacteria populations for EC (p = 0.1645), S (p = 0.3746), or LM (p = 0.1762) for the 60 d sampling period. There was also no significant difference in bacteria reductions between casings types within each treatment (p > 0.05). Intitial levels of pathogens were 8.36, 8.40, and 8.72 log10 CFU/g for EC, S, and LM, respectively. Following the treatments, bacteria populations in CTRL sausages decreased by 3.20, 0.38, and 0.12 log10 CFU/g for EC, S, and LM, respectively. Bacteria populations decreased in TRT sausages decreased by 2.40, 0.34, and 0.19 log10 CFU/g for EC, S, and LM. Following fermentation and drying, EC populations decreased 1.50 to 3.19 log10 CFU/g; S populations decreased 3.03 to 3.45 log10 CFU/g; and LM populations decreased 2.69 to 4.56 log10 CFU/g in both CTRL and TRT sausages. A 5 log10 reduction was achieved for S and LM by the end of packaging, but a combination of treatment and casing type did not achieve a 5 log10 reduction of EC by the end of packaging.ConclusionThis study validated the safety of a fermented pork salami manufactured without a heat treatment or additional lethality steps following fermentation and drying for salamis produced in collagen and fibrous casings.
Osteofascial compartment syndrome

Osteofascial compartment syndrome is a serious complication of orthopaedics.Delayed diagnosis and treatment would lead to serious consequences.Well understanding about the pathogenesis and inducement, clinical symptoms and signs, appropriate selection of lab tests as soon as possible for early diagnosis and treatment, help reduce the disability rate and improve the life quality. Key words: Osteofascial compartment syndrome; Intracompartmental pressure; Diagnosis; Treatment
Performance of preoperative breast MRI based on breast cancer molecular subtype.

Abstract Purpose To assess the performance of preoperative breast MRI biopsy recommendations based on breast cancer molecular subtype. Methods All preoperative breast MRIs at a single academic medical center from May 2010 to March 2014 were identified. Reports were reviewed for biopsy recommendations. All pathology reports were reviewed to determine biopsy recommendation outcomes. Molecular subtypes were defined as Luminal A (ER/PR+ and HER2-), Luminal B (ER/PR+ and HER2+), HER2 (ER-, PR- and HER2+), and Basal (ER-, PR-, and HER2-). Logistic regression assessed the probability of true positive versus false positive biopsy and mastectomy versus lumpectomy. Results There were 383 patients included with a molecular subtype distribution of 253 Luminal A, 44 Luminal B, 20 HER2, and 66 Basal. Two hundred and thirteen (56%) patients and 319 sites were recommended for biopsy. Molecular subtype did not influence the recommendation for biopsy (p = 0.69) or the number of biopsy site recommendations (p = 0.30). The positive predictive value for a biopsy recommendation was 42% overall and 46% for Luminal A, 43% for Luminal B, 36% for HER2, and 29% for Basal subtype cancers. The multivariate logistic regression model showed no difference in true positive biopsy rate based on molecular subtype (p = 0.78). Fifty-one percent of patients underwent mastectomy and the multivariate model demonstrated that only a true positive biopsy (odds ratio: 5.3) was associated with higher mastectomy rates. Conclusion Breast cancer molecular subtype did not influence biopsy recommendations, positive predictive values, or surgical approaches. Only true positive biopsies increased the mastectomy rate.
A Case of Balloon Rupture During Coronary Angioplasty: Slow Flow Requiring Swift Action

We describe the case of a middle-aged man undergoing three-vessel coronary angioplasty due to unstable angina. Attempt to predilate a calcified lesion in the left circumflex artery with a semi-compliant balloon, inflated above the rated burst pressure, resulted in balloon rupture. Subsequently, the patient developed ST elevations and became hemodynamically unstable; slow flow in the index vessel was noted. The complication was managed with vasopressor and respiratory support, plus forceful injections of warm saline. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-3 flow was eventually restored, and the rest of the procedure was completed uneventfully. Following retrieval of the device, a longitudinal tear in the balloon was observed. This mode of rupture is considered to be safer, when compared to circumferential or pin-hole rupture. Rupture can occur when a balloon is aggressively inflated above nominal pressures and against calcific lesions. The ensuing micro- and macrovascular complications, including slow-flow, no-reflow, vessel dissection or perforation, and intramural hematoma, may induce myocardial ischemia and ultimately cardiogenic shock, malignant arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Management should be swift, and relies on supportive measures, depending on the degree of complications caused by the rupture.
Targeted Informatics for Optimal Detection, Characterization, and Quantification of FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplications Across Multiple Next-Generation Sequencing Platforms.

Assessment of internal tandem duplications in FLT3 (FLT3-ITDs) and their allelic ratio (AR) is recommended by clinical guidelines for diagnostic workup of acute myeloid leukemia and traditionally performed through capillary electrophoresis (CE). Although significant progress has been made integrating FLT3-ITD detection within contemporary next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, AR estimation is not routinely part of clinical NGS practice because of inherent biases and challenges. In this study, data from multiple NGS platforms—anchored multiplex PCR (AMP), amplicon [TruSeq Custom Amplicon (TSCA)], and hybrid-capture—were analyzed through a custom algorithm, including platform-specific measures of AR. Sensitivity and specificity of NGS for FLT3-ITD status relative to CE were 100% (42/42) and 99.4% (1076/1083), respectively, by AMP on an unselected cohort and 98.1% (53/54) and 100% (48/48), respectively, by TSCA on a selected cohort. Primer analysis identified criteria for ITDs to escape detection by TSCA, estimated to occur in approximately 9% of unselected ITDs. Allelic fractions under AMP or TSCA were highly correlated to CE, with linear regression slopes near 1 for ITDs not duplicating primers, and systematically underestimated for ITDs duplicating a primer. Bias was alleviated in AMP through simple adjustments. This article provides an approach for targeted computational FLT3-ITD analysis for NGS data from multiple platforms; AMP was found capable of near perfect sensitivity and specificity with relatively accurate estimates of ARs.
The case of a 37‐year‐old male with trouble ambulating and incontinence

A 37 year-old previously healthy man from Jamaica presented with 2-3 months of progressive trouble ambulating and incontinence. By 1 month prior to arrival he was wheelchair bound and unable to ambulate even with assistance. He started to wear a diaper for bladder and bowel incontinence. He also complained of painless numbness in his legs over the same period of time. His exam is notable for marked weakness and spasticity in his legs, with hyper-reflexia and clonus. He has a sensory level at the level of the umbilicus. An MRI shows a longitudinally extensive T2 signal change throughout the thoracic cord. His cerebrospinal fluid is mildly inflammatory. His HTLV-1 antibody test is reactive.