cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of food restriction and aging on the binding of insulin to liver nuclei in Fischer-344 rats

Aging is generally associated with the development of insulin resistance. Food restriction has been accepted as a powerful modulator of the aging process, though the underlying mechanisms are not yet elucidated. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of food restriction on the binding of insulin to liver nuclei of Fischer-344 rats ranging in age from 3–24 months. After isolating nuclei from livers of 3m, 6m, 10m, 12m and 24m ad libitum-fed and food-restricted rats, 100 μg of nuclear protein was incubated with 0.2 ng of 125I-insulin and 0.2 to 2,000 ng/200 μl unlabeled insulin at 23°C for 2 hr. Scatchard analysis of the data revealed that insulin binding to nuclei was highest at 6m of age and an age-associated decline occurred in the binding of insulin to liver nuclei. The maximum number of binding sites for insulin in the liver nuclei of 3m, 6m, 10m and 24m old animals were 24±2, 37.5±2, 26±2.5, 14±3 for the ad libitum-fed group and 8.3±3, 38.5±2.5, 28.5±3, and 24.5±3 ng/mg protein for the food-restricted groups, respectively. The above data suggest that food restriction can delay the loss of insulin binding to liver nuclei. These observations suggest that food restriction may be an important modulator of insulin binding to liver nuclei which may have a functional role in delaying age-associated insulin resistance.
Origin and lateral migration of linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin of NW China revealed by dune sediments, internal structures, and optically stimulated luminescence ages, with implications for linear dunes on Titan: Discussion

[Zhou et al. (2012)][1] proposed that longitudinal dunes in the Qaidam Basin, China, formed like yardangs: by erosion into sediment that was not deposited by those dunes. Because erosion occurs on the upwind flanks of most migrating dunes ([Rubin and Hunter, 1982][2], [1985][3]), the key to
Comparison of Physical Child Abusers, Intrafamilial Sexual Child Abusers, and Child Neglecters

One hundred and fifty subjects, including 30 physical child abusers, 15 intrafamilial sexual child abusers, 30 child neglecters, and three matched comparison groups were compared on levels of distress, unhappiness, loneliness, rigidity, negative concept of child and self, child problems, and problems from family and others. All child maltreatment groups reported elevated levels of personal distress, unhappiness, loneliness, and rigidity. Sexual child abusers reported more positive views of their children and self and fewer problems with their children than physical child abusers and child neglecters. Sexual child abusers also reported fewer family problems than physical child abusers. Results support previous observations that child maltreatment groups overlap on a number of personal characteristics. However, compared to other maltreatment groups, sexual child abusers were found to view their children in a more positive manner and report fewer child-related problems, suggesting these characteristics may h...
A Dose-Response Study of Chronic Cocaine on Maternal Behavior in Rats

To determine if there was a dose-response relationship with regard to cocaine treatment and maternal behavior exhibited by lactating rats at doses that had not been previously investigated, we examined the effects of three doses of chronic cocaine administration throughout gestation on both onset and established maternal behavior. Dams were injected (SC) with 6.3, 13, or 25 mg/kg cocaine HCl or an equivalent volume of saline throughout gestation; maternal behavior was tested on postpartum days 1 and 3. At the doses employed, cocaine disrupted the onset of only one pup-directed component of maternal behavior significantly in a dose-response manner, although there were several statistically nonsignificant dose-dependent trends of behavioral disruptions. No pup-directed behaviors were disrupted during testing for established maternal behavior. These results indicate that gestational cocaine treatment at doses of 25 mg/kg and less have only minimal effects on the onset and no effect on the maintenance of maternal behavior using our paradigm. The relationship of the present findings to previous work is discussed.
Theoretical design of a spherically sectioned phased array for ultrasound surgery of the liver.

Abstract Goal: The theoretical explantion of the limits of an array transducer to coagulate large tissues volumes. Methods: A theoretical model is used to illustrate the focal limitations of a spherically sectioned array designed for the treatment of deep seated tissue, e.g. liver. The design optimizes the acoustic dose as a function of the focal depth and available acoustic aperture with the goal of coagulating large volumes in a single sonication period. A quantitative measure of the possible region of focal necrosis is modeled as a function of array parameters with the limiting criteria being near field heating and patient pain. Results: Acoustic simulations show that the maximum distance to produce continuous necrosis between foci in a multiple focus pattern and in a temporally multiplexed pattern is approximately 50% larger than the distance needed between sequential foci. Conclusion: Multiple focus patterns or rapidly scanned single foci are significantly advantageous to sequential sonications of a single focus transducer.
A Bayesian latent class analysis for whole-genome association analyses: an illustration using the GAW15 simulated rheumatoid arthritis dense scan data

Although rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic and inflammatory disease affecting numerous adults, has a complex genetic component involving the human leukocyte antigen region, additional genomic regions most likely affects susceptibility. Whole-genome scans may assist in identifying these additional candidate regions, but a large number of false-positives are likely to occur using traditional statistical methods. Therefore, novel statistical approaches are needed. Here, we used a single replicate from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 simulated data to assess for marker-disease associations in 1500 rheumatoid arthritis cases and 2000 controls on chromosome 6. The statistical methods included a maximum-likelihood estimation approach and a novel Bayesian latent class analysis. The Bayesian analysis "borrows strength" from multiple loci to estimate association parameters and can incorporate differences across loci in the prior probability of association. Because of this, we hypothesized that the Bayesian analysis might be better able to detect true associations while minimizing false positives. The Bayesian posterior means for the log alleleic odds ratios were less variable than the maximum likelihood estimates, but the posterior probabilities were not as good as the simple p-values in distinguishing a signal from a non-signal. Overall, Bayesian latent class analyses provided no obvious improvement over maximum-likelihood estimation. However, our results may not be able to be generalized due to the large effect simulated in the human leukocyte antigen-DR locus.
Genomic signatures individualize therapeutic decisions in non-small-cell lung cancer

Gene expression signatures have been developed in an effort to dissect the biologic phenotypes of malignancies. These signatures have tremendous power to identify new cancer subtypes and to predict clinical outcomes based on patterns of gene expression. Expression profiles specific to a phenotype can be derived from in vitro data, as well as from patient cohorts with clinically relevant outcomes. In addition to predicting outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), similar techniques have been used to develop gene expression signatures that predict sensitivity or resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, expression data have been used to identify oncogenic pathway deregulation to help direct the use of targeted agents. Used in combination, it is likely that gene expression signatures will help assess prognosis and may also be of value in guiding the use of cytotoxic and targeted therapy in NSCLC. Clinical trials are ongoing to validate these predictive gene expression signatures in a prospective manner.
Analysis of antigens from membrane and soluble fractions of Entamoeba histolytica.

. Axenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica strains HK-9, HM-1, and Rahman were fractionated to provide plasma membranes, internal, vesiculated membranes, and a soluble cytosol. Each particulate fraction was solubilized and all fractions were analyzed by techniques designed to demonstrate molecular complexity and serologic reactivity. The cytosol contained more antigenic moieties than either membrane fraction; however, the antigens associated with the membranes had very high reactivity and lower nonspecific activity than the cytosol.
ANALYSIS OF AXISYMMETRIC REDUNDANT STRUCTURES

Abstract Based on the principle of complementary energy, a system of compatibility equations for axisymmetric structures is derived. Using the compatibility equations, an analysis method, suitable for use with the digital computer and for hand computations is developed. Equations for analysis of most of the usually encountered types of free bodies are given. Method for evaluation of matrix contributions is described, and a complete numerical sample is reproduced at the end of this article. Analysis as described herein has been programmed at The Franklin Institute and successfully used by the author for numerous reactor vessel, heat exchanger and other axisymmetric structure analyses.
What Was Applied Geography

The terms “pure'’and “applied'’were used in connection with mathematics and the sciences in the Nineteenth Century and were affixed to geography no later than 1890. This paper is a review of some early occurrences of the term “applied geography'’in the period 1890–1904.
Comprehensive Axillary Evaluation in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Patients With Ultrasonography and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal sequence of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTX) for breast cancer. We report the accuracy of comprehensive pre–neoadjuvant CTX and post–neoadjuvant CTX axillary staging via ultrasound imaging, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, and SLN biopsy. From 2001 to 2004, 91 neoadjuvant CTX patients at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center underwent axillary staging by ultrasonography, ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy, SLN biopsy, or a combination of these. Axillary staging was pathologically negative by pre–neoadjuvant CTX SLN biopsy in 53 cases (58%); these patients had no further axillary surgery. In 38 cases (42%), axillary metastases were confirmed at presentation by either ultrasound-guided FNA or SLN biopsy. These 38 patients underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) after delivery of neoadjuvant CTX. Follow-up lymphatic mapping was attempted in 33 of these cases, and the SLN was identified in 32 (identification rate, 97%). One third of these cases were completely node negative on ALND. Residual metastatic disease was identified in 22 cases, and the SLN was falsely negative in 1 (4.5%). Patients receiving neoadjuvant CTX can have accurate axillary nodal staging by ultrasound-guided FNA or SLN biopsy. In cases of documented axillary metastasis at presentation, repeat axillary staging with SLN biopsy can document the post–neoadjuvant CTX nodal status. This strategy optimizes pre–neoadjuvant CTX and post–neoadjuvant CTX staging information by distinguishing the patients who are node negative at presentation from those who have been downstaged to node negativity and offers the potential for avoiding unnecessary ALNDs in both of these patient subsets.
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATION OF DIETARY PHOSPHORUS ON AMOUNT AND ROUTE OF EXCRETION

Objectives were to determine the effect of dietary concentration of P in DM on routes of excretion of P and to evaluate direct and indirect measures of calculating DM digestibility and P excretion. Twelve lactating Holstein cows were fed 20 kg of DM containing .41% P daily for 4 wk and then were assigned randomly to one of three diets: low (.30%), medium (.41%), or high (.56%) in P for 9 wk. Total collections of excreta (feces and urine) and milk were made during wk 4, 7, 10, and 13. At wk 4, cows excreted 88.2% of P consumed daily: 68.6% of excreted P in feces, 1.0% in urine, and 30.3% secreted in milk. Cows assigned to the low P diet decreased intake by 26.8% and excretion of P in feces by 22.7% in wk 13 compared with wk 4, whereas cows fed the high P diet increased intake by 36.5% and excretion of P in feces by 48.6%. Digestibility of DM was 62.6% when calculated from total collection of feces but only 55.7 or 56.5% when estimated indirectly using Cr or acid detergent lignin as indigestible markers. Apparent excretion of P was less than that estimated using either of the marker techniques (49.7 vs. 59.1 and 58.1 +/- .7 g/d of P) because digestibility of DM was underestimated. A prediction equation was developed for P excretion based on P intake and milk production.
Identification of community-residing individuals with dementia and their unmet needs for care.

Background—Innovative approaches to the widespread delivery of evidence-based dementia care are needed. The aims of this study were to determine whether a telephone screening method could efficiently identify individuals in the community in need of care for dementia and to develop a multidimensional needs assessment tool for identifying the type and frequency of unmet needs related to memory disorders in the home setting. Methods—This was a cross-sectional evaluation of 292 community-residing individuals aged 70 and older in Maryland. Participants were given a brief cognitive telephone screen. A subsample (n=43) received a comprehensive in-home assessment for dementia and dementia-related needs. Cognitive, functional, behavioral, and clinical factors were assessed. The Johns Hopkins Dementia Care Needs Assessment was used to identify unmet needs related to dementia. Results—Telephone screening for the sample took 350 hours, and 27% screened positive for dementia. Virtually all participants with dementia who received an in-home assessment had at least one unmet need, with the most frequent unmet needs being for a dementia workup, general medical care, environmental safety, assistance with ADL impairments, and access to meaningful activities. Caregivers, when present, also had a number of unmet needs, with the most common being caregiver education about dementia, knowledge of community resources, and caregiver mental health care. Conclusions—Effective and efficient means for identifying community-residing individuals with dementia are needed so that Dementia Care interventions can be provided to address unmet care needs of patients and their caregivers.
The Long-Term Impact of Labor Market Interruptions: How Crucial is Timing?

Abstract In this day of two earner and single adult families many women and a small but growing minority of men face the decision whether and when to drop out of the labor force for a time, most often in order to take care of young children or in some cases of elderly family members. In addition, both women and men face the risk of occasional interruptions in their labor force participation when they are unable to find a job. In this study we use the NLSY79 data to investigate the long run effects on earnings of dropping out of the labor force and/or of being unemployed during the first 15 years of the careers of men and women firmly attached to the labor force, with particular attention to the importance of the timing of these interruptions. After controlling for numerous relevant factors, we find no significant negative impact on wage growth associated with time out of the labor force either early on or later, but do find that unemployment during the second half of the period has such effects both for m...
CpG ISLAND METHYLATION and CHROMOSOME 1P LOSS IN ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are postulated to be the earliest precursor in colorectal carcinogenesis. CpG island methylator phenotype has been described as another pathway for colorectal cancer. We studied CpG island methylation (CIM) at p16, MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, MGMT, and hMLH1, loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p, K-ras mutation, and microsatellite instability in 27 ACF from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and 34 ACF from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). CIM was present in 33% (21 of 61) of ACF: 2% at three loci, 13% at two loci and 20% at one locus. K-ras mutation and chromosome 1p loss were present in 25% (15 of 61) and 10% (3 of 31) of ACF, respectively. K-ras mutations (P = 0.007) and chromosome 1p loss (P = 0.01) were more common in ACF with CIM. CIM (P = 0.03) and K-ras mutation (P = 0.01) were more common in ACF from sporadic patients. Methylation and chromosome 1p loss are early event in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas, and ACF from FAP patients and patients with sporadic CRC have distinct phentoypic, genetic and epigenetic changes.
Does Kaposi’s sarcoma predict multicentric Castleman disease in the presence of generalized lymphadenopathy?

Multisystemic Castleman disease (MCD) can be associated with HHV8 infection, which involves the mantle zone of follicles. This condition results in an increase number of HHV8-positive (HHV8+) plasmablasts that multiply and amalgamate to form plasmablastic B-cell lymphoma. All previously reported cases of HIV-positive patients with MCD were coinfected with HHV8. Twelve cases of HIV− MCD that are HHV8+ were encountered in the literature, three of them developed lymphoma, and none of those cases were reported to have Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). We report a unique case of HIV-negative elderly woman with preexisting KS that presented to the hospital with recurring nausea, vomiting, and fever, assessment revealed diffuse lymphadenopathy. Axillary lymph node biopsy showed HHV8+ MCD with foci of microlymphoma. Despite the treatment with high-dose steroids, she developed multisystem failure that lead to her death.
Population Genetics Provides Evidence for Recombination in Giardia

Giardia lamblia (syn. Giardia intestinalis, Giardia duodenalis) is an enteric protozoan parasite with two nuclei, and it might be one of the earliest branching eukaryotes. However, the discovery of at least rudimentary forms of certain features, such as Golgi and mitochondria, has refuted the proposal that its emergence from the eukaryotic lineage predated the development of certain eukaryotic features. The recent recognition of many of the genes known to be required for meiosis in the genome has also cast doubt on the idea that Giardia is primitively asexual, but so far there has been no direct evidence of sexual reproduction in Giardia, and population data have suggested clonal reproduction. We did a multilocus sequence evaluation of the genotype A2 reference strain, JH, and five genotype A2 isolates from a highly endemic area in Peru. Loci from different chromosomes yielded significantly different phylogenetic trees, indicating that they do not share the same evolutionary history; within individual loci, tests for recombination yielded significant statistical support for meiotic recombination. These observations provide genetic data supportive of sexual reproduction in Giardia.
Design of Fe/4Cr/0.4C martensitic steels eliminating quench cracking

Abstract Inter-granular cracking in the as-quenched structures of vacuum melted Fe/4Cr/0.4C steel has been investigated in terms of the heat treatment conditions. It has been shown that amount of carbon in solution and martensite packet size are the two most important factors influencing cracking tendency. Multiple heat-treatments have been designed in order to take advantage of higher austenitizing temperature and fine austenite grain size. Elimination of quench cracking and good mechanical properties were obtained after these treatments.
Research Publication by Pharmacist Authors in Major Medical Journals: Changes over a 10‐Year Interval

Study Objective. To determine the degree to which pharmacists were involved in major clinical research publications in 1993 and 2003, and to compare the difference in publication rates by pharmacists between these 2 years. Design. Retrospective analysis. Data Source. Thirty-seven medical journals that had high readership, had a focus on original research, were clinically oriented, and were highly regarded by the research community. Measurements and Main Results. Selection of the medical journals was first determined by those having the highest impact factors. Then journals with regular publication of original clinical research and listings of authors' degrees or licensure were included. All original research articles in these journals were reviewed for both 1993 and 2003. The primary outcome was the presence of a pharmacist as an author of one of their research articles in each of those 2 years. For those articles, the following data were collected: study subjects, study design, authors' affiliations, source of research funding, and position of author (first and/or corresponding). The primary outcome was analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Other outcomes were compared between 1993 and 2003 by using a X2 test. The number of clinical research articles identified was 8127 in 1993 and 8793 in 2003. The median (mean, interquartile range) number of authors/ article increased from 5 (5.3, 3–7) in 1993 to 6 (6.6, 4–8) in 2003 (p<0.01). There were 191 pharmacist-authored papers (2.4%) in 1993, compared with 271 (3.1%) in 2003, for a relative increase of 29.2%. Adjusting for the increase seen in the number of authors during that period, the odds ratio that a pharmacist was an author in 2003 compared with 1993 was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.53). Most (94.2%) pharmacist-authored papers described studies involving human subjects. The proportion of clinical pharmacists (but not the number) serving as the primary author declined over time, from 36.6% (70/191) in 1993 to 27.3% (74/271) in 2003 (p=0.041). The most frequent funding sources were industry (from 38.2% in 1993 to 39.5% in 2003) and federal (from 25.1% in 1993 to 31.4% in 2003); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions. An increase was noted in the proportion of publications involving pharmacists as an author in major medical journals in 2003 compared with 1993. Pharmacists must continue to be active in clinical research, with adequate training and funding remaining significant obstacles.
Middle Miocene hiatus in volcanic activity in the Great Basin area of the Western United States

Middle Miocene hiatus in volcanic activity of Western U.S., discussing K-Ar dates for Tertiary rock of Great Basin area
State of the4He film at monolayer completion

We calculate the density of4 He at which a monolayer completes when adsorbed at zero temperature on a hypothetical substrate (characterized by the potential well depthD and the gas-surface dispersion coefficientC3). In the case of an alkali metal substrate, the monolayer is fluid; otherwise, it is a two-dimensional solid, except for H2, which is a borderline case. We discuss the prospects for monolayer superfluidity.
Anomaly based intrusion detection for Building Automation and Control networks

Advanced networking technology and increasing information services have led to extensive interconnection between Building Automation and Control (BAC) networks and Internet. The connection to Internet and public networks massively elevates the risk of the BAC networks being attacked. In this paper, we present a framework for a rule based anomaly detection of Building Automation and Control networks. We develop an anomaly based intrusion detection system to the building network by training the system with dataflows that are dynamically captured from the Fire Alarm System testbed using the BACnet Protocol Monitoring module. The rules acquired from the offline data mining procedure can detect attacks against the BACnet protocol with an extremely low false positive rate. We evaluate our approach by launching several attacks that exploit the generic vulnerabilities of the BACnet Protocol. A classification of detected attacks is introduced at the end.
Equilibration Time: Kinetics of Gas Adsorption on Closed- and Open-Ended Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We have explored the adsorption kinetics of argon and methane on chemically opened and on as-produced carbon nanotubes. We monitored the evolution of the adsorbate pressure after each gas dose was added to the cell during the performance of adsorption isotherms. We found significant differences between the equilibration times measured on these two groups of nanotubes. We propose an explanation for our experimental observations that makes use of recent computer simulations conducted for similar adsorbed systems.
CPT and CP properties of Majorana particles, and the consequences

Since a Majorana neutrino is its own antiparticle under $\mathrm{CPT}$, rather than $C$, an analysis of the $\mathrm{CPT}$ and $\mathrm{CP}$ characteristics of a Majorana particle is performed. The $\mathrm{CPT}$ transformation properties of a Majorana particle of arbitrary spin are obtained in a very simple way. Implications of these properties for the electromagnetic matrix elements of Majorana particles of spin \textonehalf{} are derived. Finally, the question of when different Majorana neutrinos will make opposing contributions to neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is answered.
Biofeedback training of 40-Hz EEG in humans.

This study was a preliminary evaluation of biofeedback training of human subjects to control high-frequency EEG responses in the 35- to 45-Hz (40-Hz) and 21- to 31-Hz ranges. A total of 22 adult males divided into three groups were successfully trained for increases or suppression of 40-Hz EEG, or increases of 21- to 31-Hz EEG. Dissociation of rates of 40-Hz EEG recorded from scalp leads and 40-Hz EMG responses from prominent muscle contaminators, and partial dissociation of 40-Hz and 21- to 31-Hz EEG responses were noted. After biofeedback training, 8 subjects demonstrated increases and suppression of 40-Hz EEG without feedback. No consistent descriptors of subjective experiences accompanying EEG changes were reported by subjects in any of the groups. The study suggests the utility of biofeedback procedures in research on high-frequency EEG activity.
Regions: an abstraction for expressing array computation

Most array languages, including Fortran 90, Matlab, and APL, provide support for referencing arrays by extending the traditional array subscripting construct found in scalar languages. We present an alternative to subscripting that exploits the concept of regions---an index set representation that can be named, manipulated with high-level operators, and syntactically separated from array references. This paper develops the concept of region-based programming and describes its benefits in the context of an idealized array language called RL. We show that regions simplify programming, reduce the likelihood of errors, and enable code reuse. Furthermore, we describe how regions accentuate the locality of array expressions and how this locality is important when targeting parallel computers. We also show how the concepts of region-based programming have been used in ZPL, a fully-implemented practical parallel programming language in use by scientists and engineers. In addition, we contrast region-based programming with the array reference constructs of other array languages.
Proteins are paradigms of stochastic complexity

Abstract Proteins are ideal systems to experimentally study stochastic complexity. They share many properties with supercooled liquids and glasses, but are functionally organized, perform biological work, and interact strongly with their surroundings. We describe the complexity of proteins, expressed through their hierarchically organized energy landscape, and characterize how fluctuations in the hydration shell and the bulk environment influence protein motions and functions.
Picture Comprehension in Probable Alzheimer′s Disease

Abstract Patients with probable Alzheimer′s disease (pAD) are frequently said to be compromised at a semantic level of picture comprehension. In order to test this hypothesis, pAD patients were asked to judge whether pictures are instances of a familiar superordinate category ("vegetable"). The targets (e.g., corn ) varied in their representativeness, and the foils were either "coherent" items that were not target exemplars (e.g., apple , chair ) or "anomalous" items displaying specific features that disqualified the stimuli as target exemplars (e.g., striped carrot ). We also asked patients to judge a comparable set of words to determine whether difficulty appreciating pictures is material-specific. pAD patients were impaired at judging target pictures and a subset of picture foils, according to group-wide analyses, although they also encountered some difficulty judging the category membership of words. Individual patient analyses revealed that some patients were equally impaired at judging pictures and words. In particular, one subgroup experienced significant difficulty distinguishing coherent foils related to the target from true exemplars, and this occurred when the foils were presented as either pictures or words. An item-by-item analysis revealed highly concordant difficulty judging the same concepts expressed as either pictures or words in these patients. A material-specific deficit was evident in other pAD patients that resulted in selectively compromised picture judgments, including essentially all types of picture foils. We discuss these profiles of picture comprehension difficulty and conclude that deficits in understanding pictures in pAD may be due to semantic or perceptual types of impairment,
Delayed emergence after anesthesia

In most instances, delayed emergence from anesthesia is attributed to residual anesthetic or analgesic medications. However, delayed emergence can be secondary to unusual causes and present diagnostic dilemmas. Data from clinical studies is scarce and most available published material is comprised of case reports. In this review, we summarize and discuss less common and difficult to diagnose reasons for delayed emergence and present cases from our own experience or reference published case reports/case series. The goal is to draw attention to less common reasons for delayed emergence, identify patient populations that are potentially at risk and to help anesthesiologists identifying a possible cause why their patient is slow to wake up.
Direction of movement as the significant stimulus parameter for some lateral geniculate cells in the rat

Abstract Directional neurons in rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus responded maximally to images moving in one direction; opposite movement evoked no spikes and often suppressed spontaneous activity. Asymmetry in the directional response was independent of stimulus size, shape, contrast and, within a range, velocity. Directional responses were obtained about 45° on either side of the preferred null axis. On-off responses were evoked throughout the receptive field. Inhibition acts in the null direction and facilitation in the preferred direction. Receptive fields occurred throughout the visual field; 52 % grouped in a region just nasal to the projection of the optic disc.
Suppressor mutations define two regions in the Cbp1 protein important for mitochondrial cytochrome b mRNA stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nuclear-encoded Cbp1 stabilizes and promotes translation of mitochondrial cytochrome b (COB) mRNA. A CCG triplet within the 5′UTR of COB mRNA is essential for Cbp1-dependent stability. Like cbp1 mutations, mutation of any nucleotide in CCG results in degradation of COB transcripts. In this study, CBP1-linked pseudorevertants of the temperature-sensitive CCU strain were isolated. The suppressors are missense mutations within a central cluster or a carboxyl cluster in the linear sequence of Cbp1. Strains with mutations in the carboxyl half of the central cluster or the carboxyl cluster respire better than those with mutations in the amino half of the central cluster. COB mRNA levels in the suppressor strains were increased compared with that in the CCU strain and were positively correlated with respiratory capability. This correlation supports a model in which the primary role of Cbp1 is to protect COB mRNAs and deliver them to the mitochondrial translational apparatus.
Geometric Changes in a Lumbar Disc Have a Greater Effect on Disc Biomechanics Than Changes in the Biomechanical Properties of the Disc

Structural alterations of the disc are accompanied by changes in disc tissue structure and composition during degeneration processes. As the lumbar disc degenerates, the disc height decreases. At the same time due to the development of fissures and cracks in the annulus, its material behavior changes. The degeneration process also includes cleft formation in the nucleus and reduction in water content in the nucleus. The clear demarcation between nucleus and surrounding annulus slowly disappear as the disc degeneration progresses thus increasing the annulus volume while reducing the nucleus volume. Both in-vitro and finite element studies exist in literature which deals with the biomechanical effect of disc degeneration. The changes in biomechanical behavior due to degeneration are a combined effect of change in geometrical parameters of the disc and change in material characteristics of the disc components. It is not known whether the change in disc geometries or the change in disc material properties has a predominant effect in altering the disc biomechanics. The current study focuses on this aspect.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Effect of Chronic Hypoxia on Pulmonary Arteries in Young Rats

The effect of hypoxia on the postnatal development of rat lung from 8 days of life and continuing for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days is described, with particular emphasis on the pulmonary arterial circulation. In hypoxic rats, absolute lung volume and body weight increases more slowly than in age-matched controls but lung volume relative to body weight is greater. After three days hypoxia intra-acinar arterial concentration is reduced and medial thickness of small arteries increased but by Day 7, both features return to "normal" values. By Day 14, right ventricular hypertrophy is apparent as is reduction in lumen diameter of preacinar arteries. From Day 21, muscle is seen in smaller and more peripheral arteries than normal: By Day 28 arteries of all sizes show increased medial thickness, and arterial and alveolar concentration is reduced. Compared with adult rats the growing lung seems to be somewhat "protected" in that the hypoxia-induced changes occur slowly although ultimately their severity is similar. At the end of the exposure period, however, the young lung is small for age suggesting that the changes are more severe than in the adult.
Baby universe, third quantization and the cosmological constant

A general third-quantized framework for a system of interacting universes is described. The third-quantized fields create and annihilate second-quantized single-universe states, and are equivalent to second-quantized spacetime coupling constants. This implies that the spacetime couplings obey dynamical equations. A direct consequence of this is that the spacetime coupling constants are in general subject to uncertainty relations. A concrete illustration of these facts is given using the semiclassical instanton approximation to a theory of gravity coupled to axions. The field theory action is explicitly constructed and the dynamical equation for the long distance axion potential thereby derived. The equation implies that the potential has a minimum with vanishing effective cosmological constant.
Exact Tests for the Rasch Model via Sequential Importance Sampling.

Rasch proposed an exact conditional inference approach to testing his model but never implemented it because it involves the calculation of a complicated probability. This paper furthers Rasch’s approach by (1) providing an efficient Monte Carlo methodology for accurately approximating the required probability and (2) illustrating the usefulness of Rasch’s approach for several important testing problems through simulation studies. Our Monte Carlo methodology is shown to compare favorably to other Monte Carlo methods proposed for this problem in two respects: it is considerably faster and it provides more reliable estimates of the Monte Carlo standard error.
Pair creation of dilaton black holes

We consider dilaton gravity theories in four spacetime dimensions parametrized by a constant [ital a], which controls the dilaton coupling, and construct new exact solutions. We first generalize the [ital C] metric of Einstein-Maxwell theory ([ital a]=0) to solutions corresponding to oppositely charged dilaton black holes undergoing uniform acceleration for general [ital a]. We next develop a solution-generating technique which allows us to embed'' the dilaton [ital C] metrics in magnetic dilaton Melvin backgrounds, thus generalizing the Ernst metric of Einstein-Maxwell theory. By adjusting the parameters appropriately, it is possible to eliminate the nodal singularities of the dilaton [ital C] metrics. For [ital a][lt]1 (but not for [ital a][ge]1), it is possible to further restrict the parameters so that the dilaton Ernst solutions have a smooth Euclidean section with topology [ital S][sup 2][times][ital S][sup 2][minus][l brace][ital pt][r brace], corresponding to instantons describing the pair production of dilaton black holes in a magnetic field. A different restriction on the parameters leads to smooth instantons for all values of [ital a] with topology [ital S][sup 2][times][ital openR][sup 2].
Fast and Accurate Floating Point Summation with Application to Computational Geometry

We present several simple algorithms for accurately computing the sum of n floating point numbers using a wider accumulator. Let f and F be the number of significant bits in the summands and the accumulator, respectively. Then assuming gradual underflow, no overflow, and round-to-nearest arithmetic, up to ⌊2 F−f /(1−2−f )⌋+1 numbers can be accurately added by just summing the terms in decreasing order of exponents, yielding a sum correct to within about 1.5 units in the last place. In particular, if the sum is zero, it is computed exactly. We apply this result to the floating point formats in the IEEE floating point standard, and investigate its performance. Our results show that in the absence of massive cancellation (the most common case) the cost of guaranteed accuracy is about 30–40% more than the straightforward summation. If massive cancellation does occur, the cost of computing the accurate sum is about a factor of ten. Finally, we apply our algorithm in computing a robust geometric predicate (used in computational geometry), where our accurate summation algorithm improves the existing algorithm by a factor of two on a nearly coplanar set of points.
The Increasing Returns Revolution in Trade and Geography

Thirty years have passed since a small group of theorists began applying concepts and tools from industrial organization to the analysis of international trade. The new models of trade that emerged from that work didn’t supplant traditional trade theory so much as supplement it, creating an integrated view that made sense of aspects of world trade that had previously posed major puzzles. The “new trade theory” – an unfortunate phrase, now quite often referred to as “the old new trade theory” – also helped build a bridge between the analysis of trade between countries and the location of production within countries. In this paper I will try to retrace the steps and, perhaps even more important, the state of mind that made this intellectual transformation possible. At the end I’ll also ask about the relevance of those once-revolutionary insights in a world economy that, as I’ll explain, is arguably more classical now than it was when the revolution in trade theory began.
A Study of Aluminum-Substituted Iron Dextran Complexes by Mössbauer Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

Two aluminum-substituted iron dextran complexes and one nonsubstituted have been synthesized and characterized by Mossbauer spectroscopy over a wide temperature range (10−298 K) and by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The mean coherence lengths in the directions perpendicular to (211) and (200) are different, indicating that the core iron oxide materials are oblong in shape. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all complexes are very similar, with broad, weak peaks at 5.0, 3.3, 2.5, 2.25, 1.6, and 1.8 A. These values are consistent with cell-contracted akaganeite, β-FeOOH. The three samples exhibit different temperatures for the onset of magnetic splitting in their Mossbauer spectra. The Mossbauer spectra obtained at room temperature can be adequately fitted with a model-independent distribution of quadrupole doublets, while at low temperatures a superposition of distributions of sextets and doublets is required. The obtained Mossbauer parameters are in line with the structural features. This is...
Converging on Competitiveness: Garbage Cans and the New Global Economy

In this paper I build on Krugman's work on the “obsession” with competitiveness, accepting as inescapable fact what Krugman laments: the emergence of the global economy and competitiveness as focal points for policy debate is a political phenomenon understandable in terms of agenda setting and issue framing. I explore trade politics in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s in light of two related propositions. First, globalization's domestic effects and the policy requirements imposed by the world economy are at once real and negotiated in the political process—the global economy is ‘socially constructed’ for domestic political/purposes. Second, the ways that the world economy has been constructed can be well understood by using the issue framing and ‘garbage can’ literatures from policy studies. Understandings of the domestic policy requirements of the world economy are at once manufactured in the political process as interests seek to connect old solutions to promising new problems and shape that pro...
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: opportunities for prevention and public health

Summary The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which was enacted by the US Congress in 2010, marks the greatest change in US health policy since the 1960s. The law is intended to address fundamental problems within the US health system, including the high and rising cost of care, inadequate access to health insurance and health services for many Americans, and low health-care efficiency and quality. By 2019, the law will bring health coverage—and the health benefits of insurance—to an estimated 25 million more Americans. It has already restrained discriminatory insurance practices, made coverage more affordable, and realised new provisions to curb costs (including tests of new health-care delivery models). The new law establishes the first National Prevention Strategy, adds substantial new funding for prevention and public health programmes, and promotes the use of recommended clinical preventive services and other measures, and thus represents a major opportunity for prevention and public health. The law also provides impetus for greater collaboration between the US health-care and public health systems, which have traditionally operated separately with little interaction. Taken together, the various effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act can advance the health of the US population.
Mobile computing and robotics in one course: why not?

Robotic technology offers an excellent platform providing a hands-on learning environment for reinforcing theoretical topics in computer science, computer and electrical engineering, and mathematics. Robotics has been successfully used to promote student interest in computing and other STEM disciplines. However, students whose interest in computing may have been sparked or sustained by robots may be seeking more experience with robotics in the rest of the computing curriculum. This paper describes an effort to introduce robotics-related material into an existing upper-level course in mobile computing and discusses the rationale for such a pairing.
Angiotensin receptor regulates cardiac hypertrophy and transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression.

The role of angiotensin II via the angiotensin type 1 or type 2 receptor in the development of cardiac hypertrophy was determined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to coarctation of the abdominal aorta. Five groups of animals were studied: coarctation, coarctation plus DuP 753, coarctation plus PD 123319, sham plus DuP 753, or sham operation. Type 1 receptor blockade was accomplished with DuP 753 given in the drinking water and type 2 blockade with PD 123319 delivered by osmotic minipumps beginning with the day of surgery until 72 hours after aortic coarctation. Mean carotid blood pressures and the carotid-femoral artery blood pressure gradients were not different among coarctation, coarctation plus DuP 753, and coarctation plus PD 123319 animals. However, ratios of heart weight to body weight were higher in coarctation (4.95 +/- 0.8) or coarctation plus PD 123319 (4.52 +/- 0.5) than in sham animals (3.6 +/- 0.4; P < .005 and .05, respectively). In coarctation plus DuP 753-treated animals heart weight-body weight ratios were not different from sham or sham plus DuP 753 animals (3.9 +/- 0.4 versus 3.6 +/- 0.4 or 3.3 +/- 0.08, respectively). Type 1 receptor mRNA levels were significantly increased in the coarctation group, with the highest levels in the coarctation plus DuP 753 and sham plus DuP 753 groups. To determine whether growth factors were involved in the hypertrophic process, we measured transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA levels. Northern analysis demonstrated a twofold increase in coarctation animals compared with sham or coarctation plus DuP 753-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ligand-Induced, Receptor-Mediated Dimerization and Activation of EGF Receptor

The EGF receptor mediates many cellular responses in normal biological processes and in pathological states. Recent structural studies reveal the molecular basis for ligand binding specificity and how ligand binding induces receptor dimerization. Receptor dimerization is mediated by receptor-receptor interactions in which a loop protruding from neighboring receptors mediates receptor dimerization and activation.
Population Irruptions of Northern Bobwhite: Testing an Age‐Specific Reproduction Hypothesis

Abstract Age-specific reproduction has been suggested for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and has been hypothesized as a factor contributing to population irruptions. However, little research has been conducted on the subject. We conducted a laboratory and field study to determine if age-specific reproduction occurred in northern bobwhites. Our objectives were to compare 7 reproductive measures (% F nesting, date of first incubated nest, egg-laying rate, nesting rate, clutch size, egg mass, and egg hatchability) between first- and second-year breeders and determine if differential reproduction was impacted by diet quality. The laboratory study consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with age and diet quality (low protein [12%] and high protein [24%]) as the factors. Data for the field study represented a 6-year data set of bobwhite reproduction (May–Sep 2000–2005) obtained from an ongoing radiotelemetry study in southern Texas, USA. We documented similar productivity (i.e., % F laying, egg-layin...