cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P6-09-17: Evaluation of a risk score based on biologic factors to enhance prognostic stratification by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging System

Background: The 7th edition AJCC staging system provides prognostic information based on the anatomic extent of disease determined by the tumor size (T), lymph node status (N), and presence or absence of metastatic disease (M). Tumor biology, including grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status and HER2 status, which are known to have prognostic and predictive value, are not incorporated. This study was undertaken to evaluate a risk score that takes into account the tumor grade and other biomarkers that can be added to the current anatomic TNM staging system to improve stratification of patients with respect to disease specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: A prospectively maintained database was used to identify 3,327 patients with non-metastatic invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery as a first intervention from January 2007 through December 2013. Clinicopathologic data were recorded including: age, grade, ER status, HER2 status, and pathologic stage. Pathologic stage was determined according to the 7th edition of the AJCC staging guidelines. ER status was recorded as the percentage of cells staining positive by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Prior to 2010, tumors were classified as ER positive if there was >10% staining. A cut-off of 1% was used for patients treated after 2010, consistent with the change in American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines. HER2 status was defined as positive if 3+ on immunohistochemistry or gene amplification was shown on fluorescence in situ hybridization. A risk score was calculated by assigning one point for each of the following tumor characteristics: ER-negative status, HER2 negative status and grade 3. Univariate survival analyses according to AJCC stage (I, IIA, IIB, IIIA and IIIC) and risk score (0-3) were performed for DSS and OS using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: Median follow-up time was 5.0 years (range, 0.1 to 8.8). Five year DSS for the entire cohort was 97.9% (95% CI: 97.3%-98.4%). The distribution in risk score in the entire cohort was: risk score 0=81 (2.4%), 1=2289 (68.8%), 2=683 (20.5%), and 3= (8.3%). As shown in the table, for all AJCC stages, the 5-yr DSS and 5-yr OS varied according to risk score (p Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that incorporating the risk score with current AJCC staging significantly improves the ability to stratify breast cancer patients with respect to DSS and OS. We recommend that the risk score be incorporated into the forthcoming revision of the AJCC staging system. Citation Format: Mittendorf EA, Vila J, Yi M, Chavez-MacGregor M, Chen RL, Giordano SH, Hunt KK. Evaluation of a risk score based on biologic factors to enhance prognostic stratification by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging System [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-17.
Association of Holter-Derived Heart Rate Variability Parameters With the Development of Congestive Heart Failure in the Cardiovascular Health Study

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether Holter-based parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) are independently associated with incident heart failure among older adults in the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) as evidenced by an improvement in the predictive power of the Health Aging and Body Composition Heart Failure (Health ABC) score. Background Abnormal HRV, a marker of autonomic dysfunction, has been associated with multiple adverse cardiovascular outcomes but not the development of congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods Asymptomatic CHS participants with interpretable 24-h baseline Holter recordings were included (n = 1,401). HRV measures and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) counts were compared between participants with (n = 260) and without (n = 1,141) incident CHF on follow-up. Significantly different parameters between groups were added to the components of the Health ABC score, a validated CHF prediction tool, using stepwise Cox regression. Results The final model included components of the Health ABC score, In PVC counts (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.19; p Conclusions Abnormal HRV parameters were significantly and independently associated with incident CHF in asymptomatic, older adults. When combined with increased PVCs, HRV improved the predictive power of the Health ABC score.
Trichotillomania Treatment Manual

Trichotillomania is a relatively understudied condition characterized by repetitive hair pulling. Diagnostic criteria for this disorder continue to evolve as new information emerges from the phenomenological and treatment literatures. However, in any discussion of pathological hair pulling, it seems important to distinguish between the syndrome of trichotillomania and the symptom of hair pulling per se. Hair pulling, for example, can occur in the context of psychotic processes and developmental disabilities, although current diagnostic criteria suggest that use of the term trichotillomania is not appropriate when the symptoms occur in these contexts. As such, the present chapter addresses only hair pulling that occurs when psychotic or developmental disorders are not present. In addition, the information presented here addresses only the symptoms as they occur in adults. Although trichotillomania also can be a serious disorder in childhood (Reeve, Bernstein, & Christenson, 1992), treatment of these cases is beyond the scope of this chapter. Thus, we will address the descriptive psychopathology, etiology, conceptualization, assessment, and behavioral treatment of adult trichotillomania.
Ultra-miniature fundamental-mode UHF quartz MEMS oscillator

Quartz MEMS resonators are attractive for use in oscillators for frequency control applications by virtue of their reduced cost, size, weight, and power (CSWaP), combined with the potential for integration with electronics. We present an ultra-miniature, oscillator (1 mm3 total volume) built with a thickness shear mode quartz resonating element integrated with a SiGe BiCMOS sustaining ASIC to achieve a fundamental-mode UHF operation of >800 MHz. This low-power (<25 mW) oscillator achieves excellent acceleration sensitivity (<10−9/g) without active vibration compensation and is suitable for high performance hand-held/portable applications. A new frequency trimming method using ion beam etching for enhanced manufacturability of the quartz MEMS oscillator is introduced.
The forming limit curve for multiphase advanced high strength steels based on crystal plasticity finite element modeling

Abstract A computationally efficient rate independent crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) model was used to predict the forming limit curve (FLC) for a multiphase advanced high strength steel (AHSS). The CPFE model accounts for mechanical properties of the steel phases based on their individual plastic deformation and slip systems. The macroscopic behavior of the polycrystalline aggregate was predicted based on the volume-averaged response of the representative phases, and their volume fraction in the steel sheet. In addition to the random texture distribution assumption for each grain, the volume fractions of various phases were also assumed to be randomly distributed at each integration point. The microstructural inhomogeneity of the material, as well as a geometrical inhomogeneity in the form of a groove region in the specimen, based on the Marciniak-Kuczynski (MK) theory, were considered in the calculation of the FLC using the CPFE model (MK-CPFE). The validity of predicted FLC for quenched and partitioned QP980 steel was confirmed by comparing the results with experimental measurements. The FLC calculated by CPFE model showed that the presence of microstructural inhomogeneity allows for a more realistic prediction of the localized necking phenomenon. Subsequently, the FLC was used to compute the limit strains for the T-shape part stamping process. The limit strains and the punch force-stroke relationship for the T-shape part predicted by the multiphase CPFE model were in good agreement with experimental results.
Transactional Perspectives on Occupation: Main Points of Contribution in This Volume

In the final chapter, we propose that this book positions occupation as the functional coordination of problematic situations. Occupation viewed in this way can be studied across a continuum from individual meanings to issues of social justice, as demonstrated in previous chapters. Authors have shown that a transactional perspective can add to and work with other theoretical perspectives, and have presented a number of research methods and approaches that are useful in examining occupation with a transactional vantage. The book provides examples in which the construct of transaction can be used to understand complex occupational wholes at scales ranging from the intimate to the institutional. Finally, we express our discomfort with the notion of transactionalism, proposing that a transactional perspective should be considered as a tool that can afford a different, broader, and deeper understanding of situated occupation.
Residential radon exposure and lung cancer: an overview of published studies.

A possible link between presumed or measured household radon exposure and lung cancer is reviewed on the basis of published epidemiologic studies. Evidence of a link is reported as a result of studies in Sweden; findings are inconsistent elsewhere. A number of methodological problems were found. Many of the studies are ecological in design and are, therefore, primarily hypothesis generating. A number of studies lack any data on the number of lung cancers and are, therefore, difficult to evaluate. Some other studies provide results that are internally inconsistent. Of the case/control studies, there are many with minimal or no information on active and passive smoking, occupation, family history of cancer, and diet. The case/control studies are generally small in size and of low statistical power. Exposure classifications are nonstandardized, inconsistent in their findings, and often gross in their characterization of radon concentrations. Relatively few of the studies actually measured radon exposure. Some of the studies showed significant positive associations either with geological characteristics, water supply contamination, or house type. No significant associations were found with residence near uranium or radium processing waste. Where radon levels were measured, a relatively small percentage of studies found a statistically significant positive association withmore » lung cancer. Overall, the evidence for an association between residential radon exposure and lung cancer is weak. There is a need for a more decisive case/control epidemiologic study of this problem.55 references.« less
Stochastic Response of Coupled Platform-Tether System Under Multi-Directional Seas

A tension leg platform consists of a floating top platform which is kept in position by vertical tensioned cables referred to as tethers. The overall platform motions can be divided into two categories, e.g., vertical plane and horizontal plane motions. The horizonal plane motions, namely, surge, sway and yaw have a very low frequency which classifies these motions as compliant in nature, whereas, the vertical plane motions, pitch, roll and heave are relatively high frequency. By virtue of their compliant behavior in the horizontal plane, TLPs are less sensitive to loads at the wave-frequency, but their sensitivity to low frequency loads (e.g., wind and slowly varying second-order wave loads) increases. The level of low-frequency loads, though small in comparison with the wave-frequency loads, contributes significantly to the platform response. In a similar manner the vertical plane motions are more sensitive to second- and higher-order effects of waves than the first-order effects and result in spring and ringing types of motion.
Hormone Therapy: Monitoring Effects and Side Effects

Women taking HT may experience symptoms related to estrogen excess. Symptoms include nausea, weight gain, breast tenderness, and enlargement. Other symptoms include premenstrual syndrome and heavier or light menstrual bleeding. Intermenstrual spotting may occur with continuous estradiol and progesterone.
Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Mortality

African Americans have a higher incidence of, and greater mortality from, prostate cancer than Caucasian Americans, and the reasons for racial disparity remain unclear. The racial differences in participation in prostate cancer early detection programs are narrowing. However, racial differences persist in interaction with the health care system. Many of these differences may be more socioeconomic than racial, but many African Americans lack trust in the American health care system that may be overcome by personal interaction with their health care provider. African Americans more often use alternative medicines and may more frequently decline potentially curative treatments. Racial differences in host and tumor biology are difficult to evaluate. African Americans more often consume higher fat diets and are more often obese, both of which may promote prostate carcinogenesis. Although there is no evidence for higher serum androgen levels in African Americans compared with Caucasian Americans, their prostates may be more sensitive to androgens because of a shortened CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene. Studies involving hereditary prostate cancer and genetic polymorphisms that may affect prostate cancer risk have frequently not included high numbers of African Americans, and the interpretation of such studies are further complicated by issues regarding population stratification. Although there are no racial differences in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its derivatives, there is some evidence that African American prostate cancer may have higher tissue levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and increased androgen receptor protein expression. Although some studies suggest racial differences in growth factors and cell regulatory pathways, these studies require studies of larger numbers of men.
Improving allergy office scheduling increases patient follow up and reduces asthma readmission after pediatric asthma hospitalization.

Abstract Background Pediatric asthma is a major contributor to emergency room utilization and hospital readmission rates. Objective To develop an allergy department‒based intervention to improve follow-up appointment scheduling processes for pediatric asthma patients after discharge for asthma exacerbation. Methods This quality improvement study was conducted in the allergy clinic of an urban, tertiary children's hospital. Children receiving subspecialty allergy care for asthma were included into the intervention group during the intervention period. The quality improvement intervention consisted of 3 attempts by telephone to reach the family to schedule the follow-up appointment. If this was unsuccessful or if the appointment was not kept, then a reminder letter was sent to the family. The primary outcome of interest in this study was the percent of postdischarge follow-up appointments scheduled within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes measured were the percent of allergy appointments attended within 30 days of discharge and the 30-day hospital readmission rate. Results Demographics did not differ significantly between the intervention and baseline preintervention year. The initial baseline scheduled allergy follow-up visit rate was 48.8 ± 13.3% of patients discharged per month. This increased to an overall rate of 75.7 ± 20.1% patients scheduling allergy follow-up within 30 days of discharge during the intervention year. We also observed a significant increase in attended allergy visits 30 days postdischarge from 35.5 ± 15.6% in year 1 to 53.9 ± 25.5% during the intervention year and a significant decrease in the 30-day readmission rate on the allergy service. Conclusion These data suggests that minor changes in allergy practice organization can significantly affect posthospitalization follow-up rates and decrease asthma readmission rates.
Professional Noticing on a Statistical Task

This study explores secondary in-service mathematics teachers’ professional noticing of student work on a statistical task involving informally placing a line of best fit. The manuscript describes ...
Emergency Contraception Use: The Influence of Awareness, Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic Women in the United States.

Abstract Objectives Given persistent racial/ethnic disparities in unintended pregnancies, this study aims to understand factors associated with emergency contraception (EC) use among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women. Methods This study used a nationally representative sample of 1,990 women of reproductive age in the United States who participated in the 2016 Survey of Family Planning and Women's Lives. Logistic regressions were estimated to assess the association of sexual/pregnancy history, attitudes toward pregnancy, attitudes toward contraception, awareness and beliefs about EC, and source of information regarding contraception with ever using EC. Results After adjusting for demographic characteristics, we found no significant differences in ever using EC by race/ethnicity. Among non-Hispanic White women, those who used barrier methods of contraception, reported a previous unplanned pregnancy, reported having heard some or a lot about EC, and believed that EC is somewhat to very effective had higher odds of EC use. Among non-Hispanic Black women, those who reported a previous unplanned pregnancy and believed that EC was somewhat to very effective had higher odds of EC use. Among Hispanic women, those who reported using long-acting reversible contraceptives, having recent male sexual partners, and believing that EC is both somewhat to very safe and effective had higher odds of EC use. Conclusions Awareness and beliefs about safety and effectiveness are modifiable factors that may influence EC use. Population-level interventions can focus on improving awareness and understanding of the safety and effectiveness of EC.
Short Wavelength Free Electron Lasers in 2003

Abstract Twenty-six years after the first operation of the short wavelength free electron laser (FEL) at Stanford University, there continue to be many important experiments, proposed experiments, and user facilities around the world. Properties of FELs operating in the infrared, visible, UV, and x-ray wavelength regimes are listed and discussed. PACS codes:41.60Cr
Uniaxial Expansion of the 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Family for Improved Environmental Stability

The unique hybrid nature of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) perovskites has bestowed upon them not only tunability of their electronic properties but also high-performance electronic devices with improv...
The Therapeutic Potential of the Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine and Other Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists

Abstract Agonists targeting subtypes of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been developed and tested for the treatment of cognitive deficits. However, despite over two decades of targeted research, cognitive benefits of these compounds to date have been of uncertain clinical significance, and none has achieved FDA approval for treating cognitive deficits. As possible reasons for this trend, the present chapter considers the choice of nAChR subtypes targeted, the choice of dose, neuroadaptations and withdrawal-induced deficits, and the general premise of pharmacotherapy for cognitive deficits. Possible future strategies are also discussed.
Primary EndobronchialOsteosarcomatoid Malignant Neoplasm Presenting with Pneumothorax

Introduction: Pulmonary sarcomas are a rare, diverse group of neoplasms. Management is largely guided by limited case series. Presentation of the case: We present a case of an elderly male who presented with acute respiratory failure due to pneumothorax, confirmed on bronchoscopy to have an obstructing mass in the left mainstem bronchus. Biopsy revealed the lesion to be consistent with a sarcomatoid malignant neoplasm with osteosarcomatoid features. A PET-CT showed no evidence of extrapulmonary disease. Conclusion: There are several subtypes of pulmonary sarcoma. Pulmonary osteosarcomas carry an especially poor prognosis.
Context-dependent gene regulation by transcription factor complexes

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic transcription factors (TFs) form complexes with various partner proteins to recognize their genomic target sites. Yet, how the DNA sequence determines which TF complex forms at any given site is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that high-throughput in vitro binding assays coupled with unbiased computational analysis provides unprecedented insight into how complexes of homeodomain proteins adapt their stoichiometry and configuration to the bound DNA. Using inferred knowledge about minor groove width readout, we design targeted protein mutations that destabilize homeodomain binding in a complex-specific manner. By performing parallel SELEX-seq, ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and Hi-C assays, we not only reveal complex-specific functions, but also show that TF binding sites that lack a canonical sequence motif emerge as a consequence of direct interaction with functionally bound sites.
Before We Talk About Student Debt Cancelation, Can We Talk About Interest Rates?

Recently, several presidential candidates in the Democratic primary have created media buzz with policy proposals to eliminate debt (either partially, or completely) for millions of Americans.1 Giv...
Understanding the Inclusiveness of Integrated Physical Education From the Perspectives of Adults With Visual Impairments

The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of individuals with visual impairment toward inclusion and the inclusiveness of their integrated physical education experiences. A retrospective, qualitative-description research approach was used, and 10 adults (age 20–35 years) with visual impairments acted as the participants. The data sources included one-on-one telephone interviews and reflective interview notes. A theoretical thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Three interrelated themes were identified: “I always felt like a misfit”: a missing sense of belonging, acceptance, and value; “I felt very excluded, very pushed to the side”: lack of access to activity participation; and “Even though it sucked, I do agree with it”: preference for integrated settings. Collectively, the participants recalled that experiencing feelings of inclusion during physical education were rare. Despite this, they expressed a perceived importance of being integrated in contexts with their peers.
Piezoelectric Electron-Phonon Interaction from Ab Initio Dynamical Quadrupoles: Impact on Charge Transport in Wurtzite GaN.

First-principles calculations of $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ interactions are becoming a pillar of electronic structure theory. However, the current approach is incomplete. The piezoelectric (PE) $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ interaction, a long-range scattering mechanism due to acoustic phonons in noncentrosymmetric polar materials, is not accurately described at present. Current calculations include short-range $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ interactions (obtained by interpolation) and the dipolelike Fr\"olich long-range coupling in polar materials, but lack important quadrupole effects for acoustic modes and PE materials. Here we derive and compute the long-range $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ interaction due to dynamical quadrupoles, and apply this framework to investigate $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ interactions and the carrier mobility in the PE material wurtzite GaN. We show that the quadrupole contribution is essential to obtain accurate $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ matrix elements for acoustic modes and to compute PE scattering. Our work resolves the outstanding problem of correctly computing $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ interactions for acoustic modes from first principles, and enables studies of $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ph}$ coupling and charge transport in PE materials.
Beyond 30 Days: Analysis of Unplanned Readmissions During the First Year Following Congenital Heart Surgery.

Objective:We investigated the incidence and etiologies for unplanned hospital readmissions during the first year following congenital heart surgery (CHS) at our institution and the potential associ...
Consumption Effects of Unemployment Insurance during the Covid-19 Pandemic

During the Covid-19 pandemic, unemployment insurance (UI) benefits have taken on an unprecedented role in the United States economy. In May 2020, total UI benefits were equal to 14.6 percent of total wages, more than five times the Great Recession peak. This is due to two factors: first, the high unemployment rate, which reached 14.7 percent in April 2020; and second, the expansion of UI benefits, including a $600 per week federal supplement paid to all benefit recipients. In this paper, we examine the effects of UI on consumption during the pandemic. Our first finding is that during the pandemic, while aggregate spending of the employed was down by 10 percent, the spending of unemployment benefit recipients increased by 10 percent, a pattern which is likely explained by the $600 supplement. Our second finding is that among the unemployed who experience a delay in receiving benefits, spending falls by 20 percent—a drop not seen by those who receive benefits more immediately after job loss. These findings suggest that allowing the $600 supplement to expire without any replacement could meaningfully reduce aggregate consumption.
Shifting Provider Attitudes and Institutional Resources Surrounding Resuscitation at the Limit of Gestational Viability.

Objective This study aimed to provide contemporary data regarding provider perceptions of appropriate care for resuscitation and stabilization of periviable infants and institutional resources available to providers. Study Design A Qualtrics survey was emailed to 672 practicing neonatologists in the United States by use of public databases. Participants were asked about appropriate delivery room care for infants born at 22 to 26 weeks gestational age, factors affecting decision-making, and resources utilized regarding resuscitation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the dataset. Results In total, 180 responses were received, and 173 responses analyzed. Regarding preferred course of care based on gestational age, the proportion of respondents endorsing full resuscitation decreased with decreasing gestational age (25 weeks = 99%, 24 = 64%, 23 = 16%, and 22 = 4%). Deference to parental wishes correspondingly increased with decreasing gestational age (25 weeks = 1%, 24 = 35%, 23 = 82%, and 22 = 46%). Provision of comfort care was only endorsed at 22 to 23 weeks (23 weeks = 2%, 22 = 50%). Factors most impacting decision-making at 22 weeks gestational age included: outcomes based on population data (79%), parental wishes (65%), and quality of life measures (63%). Intubation with a 2.5-mm endotracheal tube (84%), surfactant administration in the delivery room (77%), and vascular access (69%) were the most supported therapies for initial stabilization. Availability of institutional resources varied; the most limited were obstetric support for cesarean delivery at the limit of viability (37%), 2.0-mm endotracheal tube (45%), small baby protocols (46%), and a consulting palliative care teams (54%). Conclusion There appears to be discordance in provider attitudes surrounding preferred actions at 23 and 22 weeks. Provider attitudes regarding decision-making at the limit of viability and identified resource limitations are nonuniform. Between-hospital variations in outcomes for periviable infants may be partly attributable to lack of provider consensus and nonuniform resource availability across institutions. Key Points
Can acute respiratory distress syndrome be treated

ARDS is a common and highly lethal condition. The mortality has improved with supportive care over the past few decades, but the morbidity has not. Although there is no current treatment for ARDS that is based on molecular mechanisms, the science of ARDS is improving rapidly. The current pandemic has emphasized the urgent need for treatments that reduce the mortality and alleviate the morbidity of ARDS.
Firm-Level Cybersecurity Risk and Idiosyncratic Volatility

The authors propose a measure of firm-level cybersecurity risk developed by employing pattern-based sequence-classification method from computational linguistics to determine the proportion of time devoted to issues related to cybersecurity risk during earnings conference calls. Using their measure, they investigate the effect of cybersecurity risk on firm-level return volatility; they examine both idiosyncratic volatility and implied volatility and find that firm-level cybersecurity risk is positively correlated to idiosyncratic volatility on the days on which earnings calls are held. This suggests that the discussion of issues related to cybersecurity risk during earnings calls is related to an increase in the component of the volatility that responds only to firm-specific news. That positive relationship is robust to alternative measurements of the language in earnings call discussions and to industry classifications. TOPICS:Security analysis and valuation, risk management, big data/machine learning Key Findings ▪ The authors propose a new measure of firm-level cybersecurity risk that applies textual analysis to earnings conference call transcripts; they use that measure to investigate the effect of cybersecurity risk on firm-level return volatility. ▪ They find that discussion of issues related to cybersecurity risk during earnings calls is associated with an increase in the component of volatility that responds only to firm-specific news. ▪ The authors show that the impact of cybersecurity risk on firm-level volatility is robust to alternative measurements of the language in earnings call discussions and to different industry classifications.
Shifting to student-centered learning: Influences of teaching a summer service learning program

Abstract Student-centered pedagogies like project-based learning and service learning have shown promise to increase student achievement yet are not enacted in many K12 classrooms. This multiple case study examined how teaching a middle school summer service learning program in a diverse, urban, school district, influenced beliefs and practices about student-centered learning during the traditional school year. The opportunity to implement service learning in an out of school context gives teachers opportunities to practice shifting control of learning to students and provides a supportive peer group. This study has implications for supporting teachers in their professional growth when implementing student-centered pedagogies.
Limits and Related Topics

We have frequently commented that we were considering proofs or derivations in a fairly complete fashion, but that we would wait until Chapter VII to take a more careful look. Now we have arrived. You may have feelings of anticipation, dread, foreboding, or just wonderment at the whole thing. If you have made a careful inventory of those places in which we have made reference to this chapter, you will note that they all have to do with continuity, limits or limiting processes. We do not propose here to go back and consider each specific reference individually, but rather to develop the concepts which are necessary to remove any doubts about the validity of the earlier arguments. You will note that the methods used here will follow very closely those used before. Consequently only slight changes in wording are required to put the earlier proofs in the more traditional language associated with limits.
Pelvic oxyuris granuloma associated with endometriosis.

Abstract 1. 1. A case of pelvic oxyuris vermicularis incidental to a hysterectomy for myomas of the uterus has been presented. 2. 2. The wound dehiscence was not considered as related to the parasitic infestation. 3. 3. It is suggested that the presence of endometriosis between the uterus and ovary may have created a favorable site for implantation by the parasite.
What is the domain for weight computation: the syllable or the interval?

The distribution of lexical stress is sensitive to the weight of rhythmic units such that heavier units more strongly attract stress. This paper addresses the question: what is the rhythmic unit relevant for weight computation? The traditional approach links weight to the syllable : weight is computed over the syllable rime (review in Blevins 1995), possibly with limited onset-sensitivity (Kelly 2004, Gordon 2005, Ryan 2013). I present experimental data which challenge this view, and support a recently proposed non-syllable-based alternative according to which weight is computed over the total vowel-to-vowel interval (Steriade 2012). Using a nonce word production paradigm, I test how likely participants are to stress the initial vs. final vowel in bi-vocalic sequences, manipulating the consonantal interlude separating the two vowels between a single C (e.g. aka ) and CC cluster ( akra ). Initial stress is more likely with CC than C -- medial consonants contribute weight to pull stress to the initial vowel, CC contributing more weight than C. This is incompatible with syllable constituency which parses C/CC in the onset of the final syllable ( a.ka , a.kra ), and supportive of interval constituency which parses C/CC in the initial interval ( ak*a , akr*a ).
ABO-incompatible pediatric liver transplantation in very small recipients: Birmingham’s experience

Liver transplantation (LT) for very small recipients is challenging but in experienced centres, good results can be achieved. Despite the risk of antibody-mediated acute rejection, some studies have demonstrated the safety of ABO incompatible liver transplantation (ILT) in children and particularly in infants. The aim of our study was to describe the outcome of liver transplantation in infants <5 kg and the safety of using ILT in this group. All LT performed between 1991 and 2010 in children <5 kg were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients were included, five of whom had an ILT. Acute liver failure was encountered in 20 cases. The recipient age and weight at transplantation were respectively 63 days (range: 14-268 days) and 4 kg (range: 2.4-5 kg). The graft-to-recipient ratio was 6.1% (range 2.3-9%). An aortic conduit and delayed abdominal closure were used respectively in 76% and 81% of the procedures. The ABO compatible liver transplantation (CLT) and ILT groups were similar regarding recipient's demographics, graft types or technical transplantation data. The one- and five-yr patient and graft survival were respectively 62%, 62% and 62%, 57.9% with a median follow-up of 95 months. Vascular complications occurred in six cases (21.4%) and biliary complications were encountered in five patients (17%). Acute and chronic rejection developed respectively in 37% and 26% of the recipients. The five patients undergoing ILT are all alive without graft lost after a median follow-up of 34 months (range 7-55 months). When compared with the CLT group, no significant differences were found regarding patient or graft survival, vascular or biliary complications and rejection rates. In our experience, ILT in small infants has short and long term outcomes comparable to ABO-compatible grafts and excellent results can be achieved with a standard immunosuppressive protocol. To avoid mortality on the waiting list for neonatal recipients, ABO-incompatible liver grafts can be used safely.
Chapter 5. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses studies that focus on skeletal muscle relaxants. The 1,4-benzodiazepine, prazepam, in a double-blind clinical trial, was found to be orally effective in reducing skeletal muscle hypertonia in 9 of 14 multiple sclerosis patients. In one study, patients with skeletal muscle hypertonia benefited from 50–300 mg/day of the drug, while in a double-blind clinical trial with children having spastic cerebral palsy, the drug was ineffective. Other studies examined further the nature of the skeletal muscle relaxant (SMR) activity of diazepam. In cats, diazepam may exert its depressant effects on spinal reflexes by enhancing presynaptic inhibition. The action appeared to be independent of any effects on supraspinal structures. Baclofen (Ciba 34647-Ba) a derivative of the inhibitory central nervous system (CNS) amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was shown, in double-blind controlled studies, to be an effective antispasticity agent in the oral dose range 30–100 mg/day. Side effects are reported to include nausea and muscular weakness. The site of action may be localized in the area of the spinal cord made up of afferent nerves going from muscle spindles to α-motoneurons.
Simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) retransplantation in prior SPK recipients

Major advances in the surgical technique of pancreas transplantation (1–4) in the early 1980s, as well as the development of novel immunosuppressive agents, led to a marked increase in the number of pancreas transplants performed worldwide over the past 2½ decades. As the typical pancreatic allograft half-life in simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) recipients is estimated to be 11 yr (5), surgeons are increasingly called on to evaluate patients for retransplantation. Retransplantation can pose a number of technical challenges, particularly in prior SPK transplant recipients as both iliac vessels have been previously accessed. The outcomes of isolated pancreatic and renal retransplantation in prior SPK recipients have been reported (4, 6–12). However, SPK retransplantation in prior SPK recipients has been only briefly noted in reports from our center and from the Minnesota group (4, 13). There have thus far been no reports describing the technical complexities and complications associated with SPK retransplantation in prior SPK recipients. Since 1985, our center has performed more than 1200 SPK transplants, and, consequently, an increasing number of patients are eligible to undergo retransplantation. We have performed 113 isolated renal and 28 isolated pancreas retransplants in prior SPK recipients. On the basis of these experiences, we began performing repeat SPK transplantation in prior SPK recipients.
Duodenoduodenostomy in pancreas transplantation

Enteric drainage (ED) using duodenojejunostomy (DJ) is an established technique in pancreatic transplantation. Duodenoduodenostomy (DD), an alternative ED technique, may provide unique advantages over DJ. We compared our experience with these two types of ED through a retrospective review of all pancreas transplants performed at our institution from November 2007 to November 2009. The allograft duodenum was anastomosed to the recipient jejunum or duodenum. Duodenal drainage was performed by a stapled or hand-sewn technique. Patient demographics, operative times, major post-operative complications, and graft survival data were analyzed. Of 57 pancreas transplants, DJ was performed in 36 patients, stapled DD in 14 patients, and hand-sewn DD in seven patients. Two DD grafts (9.5%) thrombosed compared with no DJ grafts (p = NS). Enteric leak and small-bowel obstruction occurred in 3 of 36 DJ patients and in two DD patients (p = NS). Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred more frequently in stapled DD compared with DJ (4 vs. 0, p < 0.015). In conclusion, DD is technically feasible with no increase in operative time or enteric complications. GI bleeding rates appear to be higher following DD (stapled) technique. Potential complications of DD should be balanced against the benefits conferred by this technique.
Anomalous metal-polymer interface dependence of dielectric breakdown in polyvinylidene fluoride

DC breakdown in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films was studied. It was found that the interface between the metal electrode and the polymer film is very important in determining the breakdown voltage. When the positive electrode was blocked by inserting a thin layer of insulating polymer between the PVDF film and the metal electrode, the breakdown voltage decreased drastically. The breakdown behavior was also studied as a function of the thickness of the polymers used to block the electrode. The results obtained agree with the observation that the piezoelectricity of PVDF is dependent on the metal-PVDF interface a dependence which is believed to be directly related to the piezoelectricity of PVDF. >
Pulmonary hypertension in liver transplant.

Purpose of review Pulmonary hypertension patients provide challenging issues to anesthesiology. The condition is more so when it is associated with liver transplant surgery. This situation is especially true when associated with portopulmonary hypertension (POPH), a subdivision of pulmonary hypertension. Understanding the disease process as well as treatment outcome is an important factor for intraoperative management of those patients. Recent findings Though offering many challenges, mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension and POPH patients could be transplanted safely. The most recently published studies describe the mortality of liver transplant patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and POPH to be 100%. The only available option might be a combined liver-lung transplant surgery, an option limited to very few centers. Summary Publication on intraoperative anesthetic management of patient with pulmonary hypertension and POPH during liver transplant remains sparse. Management requires experience in cardiovascular anesthesia and utilization of knowledge, skills, medications, and tools learned in such cases. Further studies should be conducted on intraoperative use of inhaled and intravenous pulmonary vasodilators for its potential benefits during liver transplant surgery.
Construction of a genomic library using high-molecular-weight DNA prepared from peach leaves

A method for constructing a total genomic library of peach DNA is presented. DNA of 200 kb or more is efficiently isolated from relatively large amounts of peach leaves (15 to at least 50 g) and used to construct the library in bacteriophage λ.
An overlooked example of nonunique factorization

(1988). An Overlooked Example of Nonunique Factorization. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 4, pp. 339-342.
Intraventricular (i3vt) ghrelin increases food intake in fatty Zucker rats

Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide secreted from the stomach and also made in the brain. Ghrelin receptors are expressed on hypothalamic cells important in appetite and energy balance. We determined that intra-3rd-ventricular (i3vt) ghrelin dose-dependently increases acute (1 and 2 h) food intake in lean and fatty Zucker rats (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 nmol ghrelin). The percentage increase of food intake in fatty Zucker rats was significantly greater than that in lean rats. Fatty Zucker rats had 4.5 times more ghrelin receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus than lean Zucker rats, suggesting a possible mechanism for the increased sensitivity.
Levity and Learning: Lessons from Life in a Family and Family Counseling:

In humorous moments, family counselors and families often learn a lot about themselves and their relationships. This article focuses on the importance of levity and learning within family life and family counseling through the use of a series of vignettes drawn from the author’s own experiences.
Infinitesimal perturbations of extensional motions

Abstract Constitutive equations for the stresses generated in a compressible non-Newtonian fluid undergoing motions consisting of a steady, isochoric extentional flow plus a superimposed infinitesimal perturbation were obtained using simple fluid theory. No restriction is placed on the form of the basic motion except that each component of its velocity gradient is linearly related to a flow parameter having dimentions of inverse time called the strain-rate. The analysis shows that at most three strain-rate dependent relaxation moduli are needed to describe the stresses caused by perturbing the flow. Furthemore, an imcompressible fluid undergoing a motion with two eqaul extensional rate, is completely described by only one such function. Consistency relations between the moduli and the materials functions governing the stresses in the basic motion are given. Also, applications of the theory are demonstrated for the cases of: (1) in-line linear oscillations, (2) shear-wave propagation and (3) acoustic wave propagation.
Hierarchical assembly of homochiral porous solids using coordination and hydrogen bonds

A family of homochiral metal carboxylate coordination polymers have been synthesized by treating 2,2‘-dihydroxy-1,1‘-binaphthalene-6,6‘-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDA) with metal salts at elevated temperatures. BDA ligands link adjacent metal centers to form 1D coordination polymeric chains using the carboxylate functionality, while the hydroxyl groups of BDA ligands form H-bonds with carboxylate oxygen atoms to link 1D coordination polymeric chains into open frameworks of higher dimensionality. We also present evidence for the important role played by H-bonds in the stabilization of open framework structures which allows for the hierarchical assembly of chiral porous solids.
Disappearance of the Kondo resonance for atomically fabricated cobalt dimers

We have used scanning tunneling spectroscopy and atomic manipulation to study the interaction between a single pair of magnetic atoms at the surface of a nonmagnetic metal. The local electronic structure of cobalt adatoms on Au(111) was measured for different cobalt-cobalt interatomic spacings at $T=6$ K. Artificially fabricated cobalt dimers are found to show an abrupt disappearance of the Kondo resonance for cobalt-cobalt separations less than 6 \AA{}. This behavior is explained as the result of reduced exchange coupling between gold conduction electrons and ferromagnetic cobalt dimers.
Lattice anisotropy as the microscopic origin of static stripes in cuprates

Structural distortions in cuprate materials offer a microscopic origin for anisotropies in electron transport in the basal plane. Using a real-space Hartree-Fock approach, we consider the ground states of the anisotropic Hubbard (t_x \ne t_y) and t-J (t_x \ne t_y, J_x \ne J_y) models. Symmetrical but inhomogeneous (``polaronic'') charge structures in the isotropic models are altered even by rather small anisotropies to one-dimensional, stripe-like features. We find two distinct types of stripe, namely uniformly filled, antiphase domain walls and non-uniform, half-filled, in-phase ones. We characterize their properties, energies and dependence on the model parameters, including filling and anisotropy in t (and J). We discuss the connections among these results, other theoretical studies and experimental observation.
Approximate XML document matching

Regular Hedge Grammar is a formal method to specify XML schema. XML document can be viewed as an ordered labeled tree. Computing the approximate matching between an XML document with a schema with minimum cost is not only theoretically interesting. This problem can be modeled as: Given an ordered labeled tree F and a regular hedge grammar P, how to compute the minimum edit distance to transform the forest F into F' so that F' is exactly matched by P. In this paper, with the introduction of leaf forest, we gave an algorithm for this problem in O(F2P(F + log P)) time, where F is the size of the forest and P is the size of the grammar. From the authors' knowledge, this is the first algorithm to transform an XML document (ordered labeled tree) to conform to a schema (tree grammar).