cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequences of Four Natural Pseudomonas Isolates That Catabolize a Wide Range of Aromatic Compounds Relevant to Lignin Valorization.

ABSTRACT Many soil microorganisms have evolved catabolic strategies to utilize phenolic compounds arising from depolymerized lignin. We report the complete genome sequences of four Pseudomonas sp. isolates that demonstrated robust growth on a wide range of aromatic monomers and dimers that are relevant to the valorization of lignin into value-added chemicals.
Assessing temporal responsiveness of primary stimulated neurons in auditory brainstem and cochlear implant users

The reasons why clinical outcomes with auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) are generally poorer than with cochlear implants (CIs) are still somewhat elusive. Prior work has focused on differences in processing of spectral information due to possibly poorer tonotopic representation and higher channel interaction with ABIs than with CIs. In contrast, this study examines the hypothesis that a potential contributing reason for poor speech perception in ABI users may be the relative lack of temporal responsiveness of the primary neurons that are stimulated by the ABI. The cochlear nucleus, the site of ABI stimulation, consists of different neuron types, most of which have much more complex responses than the auditory nerve neurons stimulated by a CI. Temporal responsiveness of primary stimulated neurons was assessed in a group of ABI and CI users by measuring recovery of electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) from single-pulse forward masking. Slower ECAP recovery tended to be associated with poorer hearing outcomes in both groups. ABI subjects with the longest recovery time had no speech understanding or even no hearing sensation with their ABI device; speech perception for the one CI outlier with long ECAP recovery time was well below average. To the extent that ECAP recovery measures reveal temporal properties of the primary neurons that receive direct stimulation form neural prosthesis devices, they may provide a physiological underpinning for clinical outcomes of auditory implants. ECAP recovery measures may be used to determine which portions of the cochlear nucleus to stimulate, and possibly allow us to enhance the stimulation paradigms.
Nonlinear Matched Filters via Chen–Fliess Series

A class of nonlinear matched filters is introduced suitable for detection problems using Chen–Fliess functional series. Such series can be viewed as a noncommutative analogue of Taylor series. They are written in terms of a weighted sum of iterated integrals indexed by words over a noncommuting set of symbols. The primary goal is to identify within this class the set of filters which maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio at a given time instant in order to provide a statistic for detecting a known signal.
High temperature hydrothermal alteration and amphibole formation in Gakkel Ridge abyssal peridotites

Abstract Alteration mineral assemblages in abyssal peridotites offer insights into the temperature and pressure conditions during hydrothermal fluid circulation in the oceanic lithosphere. Abundant hydrothermal venting has been documented along the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge and peridotites have been extensively sampled from the ridge, yet these peridotites have not been systematically evaluated for the nature and extent of their alteration. Here, we present an analysis of the alteration of 40 Gakkel peridotites from 19 dredges spanning ~600 km of the ridge within the Sparsely Magmatic and Eastern Volcanic Zones. We use a petrographic-based alteration scoring system to assign a rank to each sample of 1 (unaltered) to 5 (altered) in 0.5 step intervals, based on the alteration scale of Birner et al. (2016). Gakkel peridotites cover the full range of alteration, from essentially unaltered to completely serpentinized, but are generally moderately to highly altered (average score of 3.5). The extent of alteration is independent of peridotite lithology and is not systematically different between the two zones. Serpentine is present in all samples, magnetite occurs in all samples with alteration scores >2.5, and 27% of samples contain carbonate veins that cross-cut all other minerals. In 20% of samples, all with alteration scores >2.5, tremolite + talc occurs as rims around pyroxene, while chlorite occurs as haloes around spinel. A gabbro-veined lherzolite also contains pargasite replacing pyroxene, with later overprinting by tremolite-talc intergrowths. The abundance of tremolite, chlorite, and talc in Gakkel samples is much lower than reported for talc-tremolite-chlorite schists from oceanic core complexes, where fluid flow through the lower crust leads to open-system behavior. At Gakkel, our petrological observations suggest that alteration was nearer to closed-system conditions, which can be explained by the absence of crust along some sections of the ridge. Pseudosection modeling with Perple_X, which assumes closed-system behavior, indicates that pyroxene reacts to form tremolite + chlorite + talc at temperatures >500 °C, corresponding to fluid flow to depths >20 km for the Gakkel Ridge. The sample with pargasitic amphibole requires temperatures >750 °C to form. Overall, our results suggest that hydrothermal alteration of Gakkel peridotites, and more generally of the lithospheric mantle in regions that lack significant crust, results in different alteration mineral abundances and relationships than in regions where the mafic crust is involved in alteration.
76 ReSPECT: find out what it means to me – a patient’s perspective

Note to assessors This data has been produced by further investigation of the introduction of ReSPECT forms in our Trust. It looks at the perspective of patients‘ and links with the already accepted poster entitled ‘ReSPECT, find out what it means to me- an audit of advanced care planning’ (ID: 34336) which investigated staff’s perspective. Introduction ReSPECT is a national initiative to embrace shared decision-making around treatment and advanced care planning. Patients are encouraged to discuss their wishes regarding treatment escalation with their care providers and families. All adults admitted to the hospital are now expected to have a ReSPECT form filled on admission. The aim of this project was to evaluate patients‘ familiarity with the process and their response to discussions regarding DNAR status and treatment escalation. Methods A questionnaire was devised that could be filled-out by patients or by their next-of-kin (NoK) if the patient was unable to respond. It evaluated the respondent’s awareness of the ReSPECT process and if they had been involved in discussion regarding treatment escalation. They were also asked if they felt the patient discussed on the form had had their wishes respected. This questionnaire was distributed to patients across 10 acute medical and surgical adult wards from 2019–20. Results There were 68 respondents in total, including 57 patients andÂ 11 next-of-kin. The mean age of respondents was 87. 19% of respondents were aware of the ReSPECT process by name. 25% recalled a discussion regarding DNAR status and treatment escalation. 88% of those that had this conversation felt their wishes had been respected. 55% of those that had not had the conversation stated they would have preferred to have a discussion regarding treatment escalation and DNAR wishes. Conclusions Based on the evidence presented, it would seem that patients aware of the ReSPECT process are a minority. It would also appear that clinicians are not succeeding in having discussions regarding advanced care planning with all patients on admission as is our target. However, it seems as though when these discussions are had, they are appreciated by a majority of the recipients. It also shows that there are patients who would have liked to express their views had they been given the opportunity.
(Re)encountering A Thousand Plateaus: Producing 1000 trail(ing)s:

We, now colleagues, look to our “first” collective encounter with Deleuze and Guattari that took place in a university course on poststructuralism, where one of us was the teacher and three were st...
Vapor deposition of CsPbBr3 thin films by evaporation of CsBr and PbBr2

Thin films of the inorganic halide perovskite, CsPbBr3, find applications in various optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, radiation detectors, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) by coevaporation of CsBr and PbBr2 onto a substrate is a scalable solventless approach to forming high purity large-grained polycrystalline films. Herein, we investigate the effects of deposition temperature, between 26 and 162 °C, and postdeposition annealing, between 250 and 350 °C, on the structure, texturing, and morphology of orthorhombic CsPbBr3 films formed by PVD. All films, regardless of the stable phase at the deposition temperature, transform to orthorhombic upon cooling to room temperature. The films deposited as orthorhombic or tetragonal CsPbBr3 below 130 °C were textured in the orthorhombic structure's ⟨202⟩ direction, while cubic CsPbBr3 films deposited above 130 °C were textured in the orthorhombic structure's ⟨121⟩ direction. This texturing favors the growth of high cation density planes of the stable phase at the deposition temperature. The orthorhombic ⟨202⟩ texturing also dominates after annealing as long as the films have ⟨202⟩ aligned grains before annealing.
Assortifying Networks

Since its introduction, the concept of assortativity has proved to be a fundamental metric for understanding the structure and function of complex networks. It has been shown to have a significant impact on many processes on networks, including epidemic thresholds, spreading, and longevity, congestion relief, and information cascades. In a number of these results, the degree distribution (usually a power-law distribution) plays a critical role. We describe a simple but effective method for modifying a given network so as to either increase or decrease its assortativity while preserving the degree distribution of the network. The process is easily controlled to yield desired assortativities. A modification is given which not only preserves the degree of every vertex but also respects a given community structure on the network. Both algorithms are supported by detailed empirical results. The constructions should be of particular value to investigators seeking to measure the impact of assortativity in various applications without disturbing the overall degree distribution or community decompositions.
GIST of the stomach masquerading as recurrent falls in an older adult: a case report and review.

Gastric tumors become increasingly prevalent with advanced age but can be challenging to diagnose in older adults who may present with non-specific symptoms. Here, we report a rare case of an occult gastric tumor associated with mesenteric panniculitis that presented with recurrent falls precipitated by vertigo. We describe a diagnostically challenging case of cryptogenic gastric tumor associated with mesenteric panniculitis in a 74-year-old female who presented with abdominal bloating and recurrent falls precipitated by vertigo, dehydration, acute kidney injury and electrolyte deficiencies, but had no alarm symptoms. Her symptoms resolved after laparoscopic wedge resection of the gastric tumor. Our case highlights that while alarm symptoms such as dysphagia, weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding and vomiting are considered indications for endoscopy, clinicians should also maintain a high index of suspicion for gastric tumors in older patients who may present with atypical symptoms.
Human Evolutionary Genetics

Over several decades, knowledge about the structure and functions of the cell has progressed tremendously due to the advancement in various techniques like microscopy, next generation sequencing, and genome wide analysis. The Cell: A Molecular Approach is a helpful resource for understanding the basic science of cellular and molecular biology. The book has four main parts, each of which include several chapters discussing the various aspects of cellular structure and function. Part I provides a background on the evolution and chemistry of the cell and discusses methods used for studying the cell. It also introduces the fundamentals of molecular biology. Part II illustrates the genome organization and follows the model for the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA→RNA→protein. Although concise, this part successfully provides an overview of the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and protein. Part III contains the core chapters describing the organization, structure, and function of the cell. It discusses information about the nucleus, cytoplasm, and other organelles. Part IV focuses on cell regulation and the cell cycle. The concluding chapters discuss cell death, cell renewal, and cancer and introduce the consequences of defects in basic cell regulation mechanisms. The book is concise, and the text is succinct. It is accompanied by a website that provides multi-media resources that enable the reader to review the material of each chapter in an interactive way. Also, the end of each chapter includes a set of questions and a summary that enables the reader to think further about the science presented. A key experiment illustrated at the end of each chapter enhances the reader’s appreciation of the application of science in a clinical context. This book is very successful in providing a basic understanding of the structure and function of a cell. The book is a good read for students just beginning to study the complexities of biology, as well as a good review for intermediate students who already have an understanding of the subject.
‘A Most Complete Whaling Museum’: Profiting from the Past on Nantucket Island

AbstractThe Nantucket Historical Association found itself by 1930 suddenly transformed from a grass-roots collective to a modern nonprofit organization host to the ambitious new Nantucket Whaling Museum. The change owed largely to president William F. Macy, who promoted the museum as entree into the nation's rising heritage tourism industry. And yet, by merit of its concern with a seafaring past inextricably bound with maritime labor and global economies, the museum unwittingly complicated the romantic portrayals of ships and their captains favored by local tourism boosters. Its core collection, for instance, a vast assemblage of industrial whaling tools donated by Progressive reformer Edward Sanderson, showcased the hard lives of workaday sailors. This article examines Macy's vision for Nantucket's past and how he sought to ensure that it would remain profitable, history notwithstanding. We discover how moments of institutional change can redistribute historical authority in ways that have considerable l...
An Affective Module for an Intelligent Tutoring System

There is a growing body of evidence that supports the claim that affect plays a critical role in decision-making and performance as it influences cognitive processes [1], [2], [3]. Despite this body of research the role and function of affect is not generally recognized by the disciplines that address the broad issues of understanding complex systems and complex behavior, especially in the presence of learning. The innovative models and theories that have been proposed to facilitate advancement in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) tend to focus exclusively on cognitive factors. Consequently, the resulting systems are often unable to adapt to real-world situations in which affective factors play a significant role. We propose several new models for framing a dialogue leading to new insights and innovations that incorporate theories of affect into the design of (affect-sensitive) cognitive machines.
3 The Genetics of Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetics of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The chapter provides an overview on the non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), which is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of glucose homeostasis and affects approximately 5% of people in Westernized countries. A variety of biochemical abnormalities have been identified in NIDDM, and the relative contribution of these different physiologic or cellular defects differ among patient groups. Acquired factors—such as obesity and a sedentary life style—may be additive, but insulin resistance is considered to be a primary inherited component of the disease. This concept comes from a number of studies, all demonstrating that prediabetic patients are characterized by insulin resistance with normal hepatic glucose metabolism and P-cell function many years prior to the development of NIDDM. Following the transition from the compensated state to frank NIDDM, at least three pathophysiologic changes can be observed. First, there is a marked decrease in P-cell function and insulin secretion. Second, metabolic abnormality occurs in the liver. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have normal basal rates of hepatic glucose production, whereas patients with fasting hyperglycemia have increased rates. Third, metabolic abnormality that occurs following the transition to NIDDM is worsening of the insulin-resistant state. Whether this increment in insulin resistance is secondary to glucose toxicity or other acquired factors remains to be determined.
Die Elektrolyse von Natriumchlorid mit Quecksilberkathode

Diese Untersuchung zeigt, dass bei der Elektrolyse von Natriumchlorid unter den beschriebenen Bedingungen mit einer silbernen oder silberplattierten Anode und Quecksilberkathode stets Silber von der Anode zum Quecksilber ubergefuhrt wird; allerdings kann unter den experimentell bestimmten gunstigsten Bedingungen fur eine gegebene Chloridmenge die ubergefuhrte Silbermenge fur analytische Zwecke vernachlassigt werden.
Hypersonic wakes and trails

The distribution of observables in hypersonic wakes and trails is the result of a complex interaction of body shape, chemical kinetics, and the onset of laminar-turbulent transition This paper discusses progress and problems in these three areas with emphasis on scaling laws In the "near wake" the growth of the turbulent core and the cooling rate depend strongly on body shape The growth of the turbulent far wake is described by the universal relation YTf/(Ci)A)^^^'[x/(CDA)^]^ regardless of body shape or Reynolds number An analysis of data on laminar-turbulent transition in the wake of blunt bodies obtained in a wind tunnel and in a ballistic range shows that these data are correlated by taking a constant value of (Rex /)t = 5 6 X 10<i ± 15% over a Mach number range from 3 6 to 14 4. (Here x is distance from the body to the location of transition ) The minimum critical Reynolds number for a blunt body is about 5 X 10 at Mm — 20, based on freestream conditions and body diameter This value corresponds to an altitude of 220,000 ft for a body 6 ft in diameter For a sharp-nosed slender body, transition in the wake should appear at about the same altitude A tentative explanation of transition in hypersonic wakes is presented based on recent work on the instability of laminar compressible wakes Scaling parameters for oxygenelectron attachment and electron-ion recombination are derived, and theoretical calculations are compared with some recent experimental results For full-scale re-en try vehicles, oxygen-electron attachment in the wake is important below an altitude of about 150,000 ft This paper concludes with a brief discussion of some of the main problems for future research in this challenging field
Fast inversion of vandermonde-like matrices involving orthogonal polynomials

Let {q} =0−1 be a family of polynomials that satisfy a three-term recurrence relation and let {t k } =1 be a set of distinct nodes. Define the Vandermonde-like matrixW n =[w jk ] =1 ,w jk =q j−1(t k ). We describe a fast algorithm for computing the elements of the inverse ofW n inO(n 2) arithmetic operations. Our algorithm generalizes a scheme presented by Traub [22] for fast inversion of Vandermonde matrices. Numerical examples show that our scheme often yields higher accuracy than the LINPACK subroutine SGEDI for inverting a general matrix. SGEDI uses Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and requiresO(n 3) arithmetic operations.
Adverse Reactions to Intravascular Administration of Contrast Media

Adverse reactions to intravascular administration of contrast media, while low in incidence, merit serious consideration in view of increased utilization of these substances all over the world. Evidence for involvement of soluble mediators, antibody-antigen reactions, psychogenic factors, and the acute activation systems, is reviewed. As a group, the pre-contrast challenge plasmas of reactors are characterized by slightly diminished concentrations of Cl-esterase inhibitor and total hemolytic complement, and by an accelerated rate of conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein on exposure to contact activators. The role of intravenous pretesting and pretreatment is considered. A rationale for pretreatment with adrenocorticosteroids is presented.
Synthesis and anion recognition studies of a dipodal thiourea-based sensor for anions

A new dipodal thiourea-based sensor (L) has been synthesized and its binding affinity toward a variety of anions has been investigated in solution and solid state. The colorimetric studies show a significant color change of L in the presence of fluoride, dihydrogen phosphate, and acetate in DMSO. The data obtained from UV–vis titrations is consistent with the results of the colorimetric observations. As investigated by 1 H NMR titrations, the sensor binds an anion in a 1:1 binding mode showing the binding trend in the order of F � >C l � >B r � >I � for halides and H2PO
An improved hematoxylin-eosin stain for sections of marrow units.

The procedure recommended is: Fix “marrow units” (small functional structures of bone marrow) in 10% formol-saline solution for 1–2 hours and dehydrate in 80% alcohol, 95% alcohol and acetone 30 minutes each. Place in fresh 50° and 53°C. paraffin for 30 minutes each. Embed in fresh 53°C. paraffin. Serially section at 5μ thickness and mount with Schleicher's floating solution. Allow to dry for 1 hour in an oven and deparaffinize by passing through xylene I and II, absolute alcohol I and II, and 95% alcohol. Rinse in fresh distilled water and place in dilute Harris' hematoxylin (stock solution 50 ml., distilled water 200 ml.) for 2 to 3 minutes. Rinse well in distilled water and check staining under the microscope. Dip in acid-alcohol 5 times (1 dip to equal about 1 second). Rinse well in weak (0.02%) ammonia water and distilled water. Dip in 2% aqueous phosphotungstic acid about 3 to 5 times (equal to 3–5 seconds). Rinse in fresh distilled water and place in weak ammonia water for 1 minute. Rinse in fresh ...
Aeroelastic tailoring of rotor blades for vibration reduction in forward flight

Modern structural optimization techniques are applied to vibration reduction of helicopter rotor blades in forward flight. The objective function minimized consists of the oscillatory vertical hub shears or the hub rolling moments at one particular advance ratio. The behavior constraints are the frequency placements of the blade and the requirement that aeroelastic stability margins, in hover, remain unaffected by the optimization process. The aeroelastic stability and response analysis is based on a fully coupled flap-lag-torsional analysis of the blade. The vertical hub shears and rolling moments used as the objective function are obtained by appropriate integration of the loads acting along the span of the blade combined with a transformation to a hub fixed coordinate system, and a summation over the total number of blades. Numerical results for both a stiff-in-plane and a soft-in-plane configuration are presented, indicating that structural optimization yields the highest benefits when applied to soft-in-plane blade configuration. The results indicate substantial (15-40 percent) reduction in vibration levels, as well as a blade which is 20 percent lighter than the initial design.
Variety in the Tumor Microenvironment: Integrin Splicing Regulates Stemness

Recently in Cell Reports, Goel et al. (2014) identified mechanisms underlying cellular heterogeneity in triple negative breast cancer. They find that expression of α6 integrin and its splice variants differs between epithelial and mesenchymal tumor cell subpopulations, the latter of which relies on VEGF signaling to promote cancer stem cell function.
Review of tennis serve motion analysis and the biomechanics of three serve types with implications for injury

The tennis serve has the potential for musculoskeletal injury as it is an overhead motion and is performed repetitively during play. Early studies evaluating the biomechanics and injury potential of the tennis serve utilized skin-based marker technologies; however, markerless motion measurement systems have recently become available and have obviated some of the problems associated with the marker-based technology. The late cocking and early acceleration phases of the kinetic chain of the service motion produce the highest internal forces and pose the greatest risk of injury during the service motion. Previous biomechanical data on the tennis serve have primarily focused on the flat serve, with some data on the kick serve, and very little published data elucidating the biomechanics of the slice serve. This review discusses the injury potential of the tennis serve with respect to the four phases of the service motion, the history, and early findings of service motion evaluation, as well as biomechanical da...
Prevalence of self-reported poor sleep in a healthy population aged 50-65.

Abstract Many population-based surveys have reported that the prevalence of poor sleep increases with age. Despite the uniformity of findings, it remains unclear to what extent age-related declines in overall physical health are related to those results. One approach to this problem has been to adjust for such confounding variables multivariately. Some prior studies using this approach have not shown the expected age-related increases in the prevalence of poor sleep. Another approach has been the study of sleep in carefully screened, healthy population. The current study reports the prevalence of disturbed sleep in a population, ages 50–65, carefully screened for physical health as part of an ongoing study of exercise and cardiovascular function. The prevalence of self-reported trouble falling asleep every night or almost every night (1.1% M, 2.6% F), trouble awakening and returning back to sleep (4.4% M, 3.3% F), and use of hypnotic medication at least twice a week (1.6% M, 2.6% F) were consistently lower than in nearly all previous population-based studies of individuals of comparable age. This implies that when overall physical health factors are taken into account a decline in sleep quality is not necessarily an inevitable component of aging per se . As has been shown in other studies, there were small but statistically significant relationships between self-reported depression and poor sleep. Despite the low prevalance of poor sleep, about a third of the population reported feeling not well-rested and/or not getting the sleep they required. The individuals in this study also reported obtaining significantly less sleep relative to normative data from 30 years ago. Taken as a whole, these data raise the possibility of secular trends for individuals to actively curtail the amount of sleep they desire or need.
Staging Problem of a Dual Delivery Pick-and-Place Machine in Printed Circuit Card Assembly

This paper addresses a material staging problem arising from a dual delivery pick-and-place machine that is used for the assembly of printed circuit boards where components are attached using "surface mount technology." The staging problem of such machines involves allocation of component feeders to its two-feeder carriers along with the corresponding sets of vacuum nozzles to dispense the components. The usual managerial objective for the staging problem is minimization of the total time required to populate the circuit boards, i.e., the pick-and-place machine's cycle time. For the dual delivery pick-and-place machines this implies minimization of the workload imbalance between the two carriers and reduction of the number of vacuum nozzle changes required. In this paper, we develop algorithms to optimally solve the single and multiple product staging problem for the above managerial objectives.
Cardiopulmonary Complications After Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Cohort Study

Objective To study the frequency and predictors of 90-day cardiopulmonary complications following primary shoulder arthroplasty. Methods We used prospectively collected data from the Mayo Clinic Total Joint registry from 1976 to 2008. We used univariate and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses to examine the association of age, gender, body mass index, comorbidity assessed by Deyo-Charlson index, American Society of Anesthesiologist class, implant fixation (cemented versus not), and underlying diagnosis with the risk of 90-day cardiopulmonary complications after primary shoulder arthroplasty. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and P values are presented. Results A total of 3480 patients underwent 4019 primary shoulder arthroplasties. Ninety-day cardiac and thromboembolic complication rates following primary shoulder arthroplasty were 2.6% (92/3480) and 1.2% (42/3480). After multivariable-adjustment, age >70 years (OR, 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-5.9; P value=0.01; relative to age P P 70 years, body mass index 25 to 29.9 kg/m 2 , Deyo Charlson index of 1 or more, underlying diagnosis of trauma, prior thromboembolic event, and surgery type were each associated with significantly higher risk of 90-day thromboembolic event ( P ≤ 0.03 for all). Conclusions Cardiac and thromboembolic complications are uncommon after primary shoulder arthroplasty. Patients can be informed of their risk of cardiac complications following shoulder arthroplasty based on the presence of risk factors.
Environmental input to the development of sex-related differences in spatial and mathematical ability

Abstract This article summarizes the empirical support for two conclusions: (1) environmental input is essential for the development of both spatial and mathematical skill; (2) environmental input of the essential sort is more common in the lives of boys than girls. A causal link between these two facts and the existence of sex-related differences in spatial and mathematical ability is less well established, however; the relevant studies have simply not been done. Given this lack of knowledge, but firm support for the first two conclusions, the best course for education is to nurture spatial and mathematical ability more intensively, in both boys and girls.
Method of null steering in phased array antenna systems

A method for calculating current distributions on a phased array antenna is presented. The method produces steerable major lobes for transmission purposes and multiple independently steerable nulls for rejection of unwanted signals during transmission. The method allows fine tuning of the nulls based upon a set of linear equations and is ideally suited to the implementation of vertical phased array antenna systems operating in the HF frequency spectrum. Several examples are presented.
Relationship of nuclease activity and synthesis to senescence of corn (Zea mays L.) stalk pith, cob parenchyma and first developed leaf tissues

Abstract An increase in total RNase activity was associated with three patterns of cell senescence in corn (Zea mays L.) (cv. WF9 X 38-11) cob parenchyma during the first two weeks following silking, stalk pith tissue after internode elongation and the first developed leaf of seedlings. Stalk pith tissue had two RNase activities, one inhibited by EDTA and one not. Both remained in approximately equal amounts in young to old pith tissue. In the first developed leaf of seedlings, the activity not inhibited by EDTA remained at a constant low level during the period studied, while the other activity varied. No inhibition by EDTA was found in cob parenchyma tissue. Incubation of sections of cob parenchyma and stalk pith tissues suggested that the total RNase activity of cob parenchyma is very stable and that of stalk pith tissue stable. An age-related increased in DNase activity was found in stalk pith tissue and in the first developed leaf of seedlings, but not in cob parenchyma tissue.
Modifications of the transoral approach to the craniovertebral junction: Anatomic study and clinical correlations

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to more precisely characterize the changes in exposure achieved by modifying the standard transoral approach by sequential mandibulotomy and mandibuloglossotomy with or without palatotomy. METHODS A series of cadaveric dissections was performed and the operative distance and angle of exposure in both axial and sagittal planes was evaluated for each approach, with and without palatotomy. Intraoperative measurements were made in patients undergoing transoral approaches to assess the validity of the anatomic model. The use of this model was then assessed by a retrospective analysis of a group of 19 patients operated on through transoral approaches between 1991 and 2006. RESULTS The simple transoral approach exposed the region from the lower third of the clivus to the middle of the C2 vertebral body at an operative distance of 12.9 +/- 1.0 cm from the dura. The axial and sagittal angles of exposure were 39.4 +/- 3.5 degrees and 36.8 +/- 3.5 degrees, respectively. Mandibulotomy significantly increased the sagittal exposure to 59.0 +/- 1.0 degrees (P < 0.001), exposing the area from the midclivus to the C2-C3 interspace while simultaneously increasing the axial angle of exposure to 51.9 +/- 7.4 degrees (P < 0.01) and decreasing the operative distance to the dura to 10.7 +/- 1.7 cm (P < 0.05). Mandibuloglossotomy augmented sagittal exposure to 85.3 +/- 0.3 degrees (P < 0.001), revealing the region between the upper one-third of the clivus and the C4-C5 interspace (P < 0.001) while decreasing the operative distance to the dura to 8.7 +/- 0.3 cm (P < 0.05). Palatotomy significantly increased the rostral exposure achieved by each approach by 8.5 to 12.3 degrees (P < 0.01) without altering caudal or axial exposure or the operative distance. CONCLUSION The cadaveric data correlated well with intraoperative measurements and the need for modifications of the transoral approach in 15 of the 16 adult patients (93.8%). Pediatric patients, patients with limited mouth opening, elevated craniovertebral junctions, and particularly deep lesions required more extensive exposure. This analysis may be useful for determining the optimal approach for patients undergoing transoral surgery.
Effect of ethnicity on weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Previous studies have reported better weight loss after bariatric surgery among non-Hispanic whites (NHW) versus non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and Hispanics. The majority of these studies took place in areas where NHW are the majority. This study aimed to compare post-surgery weight outcomes by ethnicity in a geographic area where Hispanics are the majority. A retrospective medical chart review of 3268 patients (1561 Hispanic, 660 NHB, and 1047 NHW) who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or Adjustable Gastric Band (AGB) placement from 2002 to 2012 were analyzed. Percentages of excess weight loss (EWL) and body mass index (BMI) changes at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery were compared by ethnic group. At 6 months, EWL was significantly different by ethnicity (52.7 ± 15.9 Hispanics, 49.7 ± 15.7 NHW, 43.0 ± 17.3 NHB, P 40 kg/m2. Up to 2 years after RYGB, mean EWL and BMI reduction patterns are similar among NHW and Hispanics and significantly better than NHB. These patterns were comparable but not as pronounced among patients with AGB surgery. Our findings suggest that social factors may contribute to successful weight loss after bariatric surgery.
Excitation of soft dipole modes in electron scattering

The excitation of soft dipole modes in light nuclei via inelastic electron scattering is investigated. I show that, under the proposed conditions of the forthcoming electron-ion colliders, the scattering cross sections have a direct relation to the scattering by real photons. The advantages of electron scattering over other electromagnetic probes is explored. The response functions for direct breakup are studied with few-body models. The dependence on final-state interactions is discussed. A comparison between direct breakup and collective models is performed. The results of this investigation are important for the planned electron-ion colliders at the GSI and RIKEN facilities.
Graph theoretic characterization of in vitro neuronal network development

Multielectrode arrays (MEA) are routinely used to observe the development of neuronal networks in vitro, making simultaneous recordings of small proximal subpopulation activity within a cell culture. We propose the use of graph theoretic measures to deduce behavioral properties of neuronal networks as they develop in culture. We utilize 878 recordings from embryonic rat cortex cell cultures collected from 60-electrode, grid-type (200 μm) MEA’s [3]. We modeled each recording as a directed weighted graph with weights describing electrode connectivity. For each recording, we calculated each electrode’s clustering coefficient [1]. We averaged them over a sliding 5-day window, interpolating as needed and generating ~1700 features that describe each culture’s
Industry Strongly Supports Continuing Medical Education

1. Wazana A. Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. JAMA. 2000;283:373380. 2. Vergano D. Who’s teaching the doctors? USA Today. March 9, 2000;D:1. 3. Ross JS, Lurie P, Wolfe SM. Medical Education Services Suppliers: A Threat to Physician Education. Washington, DC: Public Citizen’s Health Research Group; July 19, 2000. (This is based on a survey in Medical Marketing & Media. 2000; 24:40-80.) 4. Drug-company influence on medical education in USA. Lancet. 2000;356: 781. 5. American Medical Association. The Physicians Recognition Award Information Booklet for CME Providers: Version 3.0. Chicago, Ill: AMA. 6. Accreditation Council on Continuing Medical Education. Essential, guidelines and standards. In: Standards for Comercial Support of Continuing Medical Education. March 20, 1992: 18-22. 7. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association. Ethical opinion 8.011. In: Code of Medical Ethics, Current Opinions With Annotations. Chicago, Ill: Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association; 2000. 8. Tenery RM Jr. Interactions between physicians and the health care technology industry. JAMA. 2000;283:391-393. 9. Pellegrino E, Relman A. Professional medical associations: ethical and practical guidelines. JAMA. 1999;282:984-986. 10. Martin JB, Kasper DL. In whose best interest? breaching the academicindustrial wall. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1646-1649.
Why some gifted children do not like to read

This study examines gifted students’ attitudes toward reading. Although enjoyed by most gifted students, many have negative attitudes toward reading. The purpose of this study was to identify causes for these attitudes and provide suggestions to help teachers develop more positive attitudes in these students. Reading attitude instruments were administered to 124 sixth‐, seventh‐, and eighth‐grade students grouped according to ability as gifted, average, or below average. The students were then classified as having positive or negative attitudes toward reading and their open‐ended responses were analyzed. As a result of students’ answers, classroom activities were suggested in four areas: (a) selecting reading materials, (b) designing prereading activities, (c) providing challenge, and (d) assessing interests and attitudes.
Nutrition Education, Computer, and Internet Practices of Missouri Teachers

Abstract A survey was administered to a random sample of 441 Missouri educators to determine the status of nutrition education in Missouri schools, as well as computer and Internet use by Missouri teachers. The educators included elementary and secondary school teachers and other school staff who reported teaching nutrition education. The survey obtained information about the educators' demographics, computer and Internet access and use, and nutrition education practices in the classroom. A reminder card was mailed and telephone follow-up conducted with non-respondents. A response rate of 34% (n=149) was achieved. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Females comprised 91% of the respondents. Respondents taught a median of 5 hours of nutrition during a school year. Forty-eight percent thought that teaching nutrition was very important but said that they find it hard to teach nutrition because they have no time (62%) or resources (27%). Most of the respondents got their nutrition information from textbooks (54%), associations such as the National Dairy Council (47%), and governmental agencies (47%). Only 13% obtained nutrition information from the Internet. Although 87% of the educators did not use the Internet to obtain nutrition resources, 76% said they were interested in learning how to do so. The respondents generally felt comfortable using a computer, but did not feel as comfortable using the Internet. The majority of schools have had Internet access for an average of 2 years. The survey results indicate that the Internet may be a useful tool for providing needed nutrition education resources to school teachers. Teachers may need more training to feel comfortable using the Internet to find nutrition education resources.
Infrared Transmission of Synthetic Atmospheres.* I. Instrumentation

A technique for investigation of the infrared absorption of water vapor and carbon dioxide under simulated atmospheric conditions has been developed. The “total absorption” or area under the curve giving fractional absorption as a function of frequency can be determined for each spectral region in which characteristic absorption occurs. The apparatus includes a 22-m multiple-traversal absorption cell which permits controlled variation of the following parameters: (1) geometrical path length, (2) pressure of absorbing gas, (3) pressure of the nonabsorbing gases nitrogen and oxygen, and (4) the temperature of the gaseous mixture. A prism spectrometer is used to measure fractional absorption as a function of frequency under various experimental conditions. Although the observed shape of a given absorption band depends upon the effective slit widths of the spectrometer, the total absorption of a band depends, within wide limits, only on the foregoing listed parameters. For the range of temperatures encountered in the lower atmosphere, the influence of temperature variation on total absorption is so small that it can be neglected. On the basis of results obtained by the techniques described, it is possible to make accurate predictions of absorption of infrared radiation in the earth’s atmosphere.
Seasonal variation of arsenic concentration in well water in Lane County, Oregon.

The United State Public Health Service has set a maximum limit for arsenic in public water supplies of 0.05 ppM (mg/l), and advises that continuous consumption of water exceeding this level is potentially hazardous. However, well and spring water exceeding this limit occurs in the U.S.S.R., Taiwan, Romania, New Zealand, and in areas of California, Nevada, Alaska and Oregon. One such area of Oregon, in Lane and Douglas Counties, overlies the Fisher formation, which consists predominantly of tuffaceous siltstone and volcaniclastic sediments. Apparently groundwater leaches arsenic from this material, and in this area, arsenic levels in well water range up to 2 p.p.m. The authors monitored the arsenic concentration in 14 Lane County wells over a 13 month period spanning 1975 and 1976. To the best of our knowledge, no studies of this type have been reported. This paper presents the results and recommendations from this study.
Extraction of mitochondrial proteins by volatile anesthetics.

Heavy beef heart mitochondria were exposed to controlled concentrations of several volatile anesthetics including halothane, enflurane and chloroform. These anesthehtics caused a concentration-dependent release to protein from mitochondria with maximal release occuring at 17.5% halothane and less relase at lower and higher concentrations. The proteins released into the supernatants were analyzed by electrophoresis on slab gels containing a 6–20% gradient of acrylamide. The anesthetics caused the released of several polypeptides from mitochondria into the incubation medium; the major polypeptides relased had molecular weights of 78 000; 48 000; 47 000; 43 000; 32 000 and 22 000. Two of these were identified by enzyme analysis and by co-electrophoresis with crystalline enzymes as the subunits of asparate aminotrnasferase (43 000 daltons; EC 2.6.1.1) and malete dehydrogenase (32 000 daltons; EC 1.1.1.37). Mitochondria exposed to saturated halothane vapors were similar ultrastructurally to controls excepts that the halothane mitochondria appeared uncoupled. Similar results were obtained with )2 or N2 as carrier gas.
Prospective pricing system and its effect on the principles and practice of infectious diseases

The health care industry in general and hospitals in particular face an uncertain future as the federal government moved with unusual speed to enact sweeping Medicare legislation. These changing patterns of reimbursement reverse key economic incentives by which hospitals have been driven since the federal program for the elderly began 18 years ago. "Reasonable" cost reimbursement has been replaced by a policy that requires Medicare to establish and fix prices in advance, on a cost-per-case basis, using as a measure 467 categories called "diagnosis-related groups." These changes will present new challenges for the health care industry and will need innovative approaches to meet them. The prospective pricing system attempts to reverse the escalation of health care costs. Under this system, hospitals can realize greater profits only by reducing costs, not by incurring them. The prospective payment system will have profound effects on the practice of infectious diseases, and the potential impact on hospitals, the pharmaceutical industry, physicians, and patients will have to be studied in detail.
The adsorption of hydrogen on tungsten (112); co-adsorption of hydrogen with oxygen

Hydrogen adsorption and coadsorption with oxygen on W single crystal surface measured by mass spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction method