cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 65nm 16MB On-Die L3 Cache for a Dual Core Multi-Threaded Xeon/sup ~/ Processor

The 16-way set associative, single-ported 16MB cache for the dual-core Xeonreg processor uses a 0.624mum2 cell in a 65nm 8-metal technology. Only 0.8% of the cache is powered up for an access. Sleep transistors are used in the SRAM array and peripherals. Dynamic Pellston with a history buffer protects the cache from latent defects and infant mortality failures
Peromyscus boylii (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Peromyscus boylii (Baird, 1855), the brush deermouse, is a common cricetid rodent in the southwestern United States and Mexico. It is a member of the Peromyscus boylii species group and has had a complicated taxonomic history because many former subspecies have been elevated to species. It is a medium-sized Peromyscus with small ears and a long, slightly bicolored and slightly haired tail that ends in a tuft of long hairs. It prefers brushy habitat, showing an affinity for oak-scrub oak and canyon-creek bottoms. It is not of special conservation concern. DOI: 10.1644/838.1.
Links Among Eating Disorder Characteristics, Exercise Patterns, and Psychological Attributes in College Students

This study examined associations among eating disorder characteristics, excessive exercise, and selected psychological attributes in college students (N = 499). Male and female participants were recruited from university psychology courses and administered the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire (OEQ), Mental Health Inventory, Eating Self-Efficacy Scale, Revised Restraint Scale, and Eating Disorder Inventory. Results confirmed the multidimensionality of excessive exercise for both males and females. Profiles of male and female exercisers were developed based on the clustering of scores on the OEQ’s factor analytically derived subscales. Specific qualitative aspects of exercise (e.g., emotionality and obsession), rather than the quantity of exercise, were found to be associated with eating disorder traits and, for some groups, psychological distress (PD). For other groups, such as female excessive exercisers, exercise seems to act as a coping mechanism, thereby lessening PD and enhancing well-being.
Confinement Effects in Nanoscale Anodic Alumina Structures on Silicon

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has long been considered a viable material for templated growth of nanomaterials for electronic, magnetic and optical applications due to the ability to form self-organized, high aspect-ratio nanochannels. More recently these porous materials have been incorporated with silicon to create a template for nanostructured materials on a semiconducting substrate. However, there has been no investigation into how pore growth is affected by confining the pre-anodized aluminum dimensions to the nanometer scale. We have used electron beam lithography to pattern 200 nm thick aluminum structures on Si with lateral features ranging from 100 nm to several microns in size. Structures consisting of 1 – 10 individual pores 10 – 15 nm in diameter are routinely fabricated. Confinement effects in the narrowest features assist in pore ordering in the porous structures without the use of prepatterning or a two step anodization.
Fenfluramine-induced c-fos in the striatum and hypothalamus: a tract-tracing study.

SYSTEMIC administration of DL-fenfluramine (20 mgkg -1 ), an indirect serotonergic agonist, induced widespread FOS-like protein in the rat caudate putamen (CPu), paraventricular nucleus (PVn) of the hypothalamus and several intralaminar thalamic nuclei. To ascertain whether the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system coordinated transcriptional effects on the CPu, discrete microinjections of dextran into the substantia nigra (cell group A9) were evaluated for retrograde axonal transport. The protein product was induced preferentially in medium-sized spiny nerve cells of the CPu. Dextran microinjections into the PVn demonstrated that perikarya bearing FOS-like protein projected their extensions directly to thalamic nuclei and indirectly to immunopositive neurons of the striatum. The significance of these latter results is discussed in terms of a possible dopaminergic mechanism.
PAV and the ROC convex hull

Classifier calibration is the process of converting classifier scores into reliable probability estimates. Recently, a calibration technique based on isotonic regression has gained attention within machine learning as a flexible and effective way to calibrate classifiers. We show that, surprisingly, isotonic regression based calibration using the Pool Adjacent Violators algorithm is equivalent to the ROC convex hull method.
Lichens Promote Flowering of Opuntia fragilis in West-Central Wisconsin

Abstract Clumps of the cactus Opuntia fragilis growing in association with mats of the lichens Cladina mitis, Cladina rangiferina and a spikemoss, Selaginella rupestris, were discovered in an agricultural field in Pepin County, Wisconsin, that had been abandoned for over 50 y. The association appeared to be beneficial to the cactus, which flowered almost exclusively in the presence of lichens. Of 294 cactus clumps examined in 2001, 127 grew in the presence of lichen mats and, of these, 24 flowered, producing 91 flowers, while none of the cacti growing in the absence of lichens flowered. In 2002, 19 out of 265 cactus clumps flowered, all but one in the presence of lichens. All sizes of cacti in the presence of lichens flowered and the probability of flowering increased with cactus size. In addition, the cacti that flowered had cladodes that were on average 19% heavier than those of cacti that did not flower. The presence of lichens lowered summer soil temperatures 2–4 C compared to soil temperatures in the...
Probing Change in Racial Self-identification A Focus on Children of Immigrants

Recent studies have shown that racial identification varies across context and time. Although sociologists recognize many contextual factors associated with racial group membership, relatively little attention has been given to understanding the specific factors—such as self-perceptions, socioeconomic incentives, and family pressures—that relate to changes in racial self-identification, especially among children of immigrants individuals who may have a relatively high propensity for inconsistency in racial identification. Using two waves of data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study and guided by social identity theory, the authors seek to (1) explore the prevalence of changes in racial self-identification over time within this sample and (2) understand the mechanisms that may contribute to changes in self-identification. The results indicate that self-esteem, self-worth, and family cohesion are related to an individual’s reporting a change in racial identification between waves. Socioeconomi...
Plant Resistance to Cotton Insects

Dr. Reginald H. Painter, whom we honor today, was not only a great entomologist but, more importantly, was a great personal individual, who, through his example, wisdom and persuasion, greatly influenced the lives of many people. His many former students are worldwide and occupy several positions of leadership. Most, if not all, continue to promote and support the field of plant resistance to insects to which Dr. Painter was so dedicated and contributed so much.
Chemical Approaches To Understand the Language of Histone Modifications

Genomic DNA in the eukaryotic cell nucleus is present in the form of chromatin. Histones are the principal protein component of chromatin, and their post-translational modifications play important roles in regulating the structure and function of chromatin and thereby in determining cell development and disease. An understanding of how histone modifications translate into downstream cellular events is important from both developmental and therapeutic perspectives. However, biochemical studies of histone modifications require access to quantities of homogenously modified histones that cannot be easily isolated from natural sources or generated by enzymatic methods. In the past decade, chemical synthesis has proven to be a powerful tool in translating the language of histone modifications by providing access to uniformly modified histones and by the development of stable analogues of thermodynamically labile modifications. This Review highlights the various synthetic and semisynthetic strategies that have enabled biochemical and biophysical characterization of site-specifically modified histones.
Mucosal-cell Counts in Ulcerative and Granulomatous Colitis

Epithelial and connective-tissue cells were counted in rectal mucosal biopsies from 215 patients with ulcerative colitis, 98 patients with granulomatous colitis, and 50 controls. The results were analyzed statistically. Significantly decreased mucous goblet cells were found both in sigmoidoscopically abnormal ulcerative colitis and in granulomatous colitis, and they increased during the healing process. More pyknotic and karyorrhectic epithelial cells occurred in active ulcerative colitis than in granulomatous colitis. Inactive ulcerative colitis still manifested histologic evidence of acute and chronic inflammation, while sigmoidoscopically normal granulomatous colitis biopsies after previous gross rectal disease showed significantly increased macrophages in the lamina propria. Cell counts were valuable for differential diagnosis after the sigmoidoscopic appearance became normal. The acute inflammation of ulcerative colitis, as indicated by neutrophils, was decreased most notably following therapy with prednisone or 6-mercaptopurine. Chronic inflammation associated with fewer plasma cells was decreased after salicylazosulfapyridine as well as either of the other two drugs; macrophages, indicators of healing, increased most after 6-mercaptopurine combined with another anti-inflammatory agent.
Serum Fluoride in the Chick.

SummaryThe serum fluoride level of the young chick has been shown to be elevated from a normal range of under 0.2 ppm F to over 4.0 ppm F when 900 ppm F is added to the diet. The response is related to the amount of fluoride in the diet, and is dependent upon the composition of the diet. This large increase in serum fluoride in the chick is in sharp contrast to the efficient homeostatic fluoride control noted in most species.
Zinc and Zinc Oxide Nanowires Grown on PEDOT:PSS/SiO2 Conductive Polymer Thin Films by Vapor Phase Transport Deposition

Easily available spin coating and vapor phase transport deposition techniques offer tremendous possibilities in fabricating inorganic/organic heterojunctions. We present here preliminary results from different thin film growth mechanisms including: i) PEDOT:PSS/Zn-nanowires/SiO2, ii) Zn-nanowires/PEDOT:PSS/SiO2, and iii) ZnO-nanowires/PEDOT:PSS/SiO2. The preliminary scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy results show that Zn nanowires bond better to the non-annealed PEDOT:PSS thin films. It was also found that ZnO nanowires grow homogeneously on annealed PEDOT:PSS surfaces with colloidal Au nanoparticles as bonding reaction catalysts.
Study on Water-oil Percolation Law of Low Permeability Reservoir in Daqing Oilfield

Low and extra-low permeability reservoirs were start-up pressure gradient and capillary pressure, which made it very complex in the rules of water-oil percolation.The water cut raised rapidly at low water cut stage, and it raised slowly at high water cut stage.According to the curve of water-oil relative permeability in the west of Daqing Oilfield, the rules of water-oil phase percolation were studied, to carry out the research on water cut rising rules of water flooding oilfields, fluid oil productivity index changing rules under different water cut conditions, the influence of crude oil viscosity and the start-up pressure gradient on fluid/oil productivity index with water cut changing rules.The research indicates that the influence of water cut changing rules on fluid/oil productivity index changing rules is very obvious.For the same water cut the higher the crude oil viscosity is, the higher start-up pressure gradient is,the higher dimensionless fluid production index is.
Oxidation behavior of extruded Mo5Si3Bx–MoSi2–MoB intermetallics from 600°–1600 °C

Abstract The oxidation behavior of Mo 5 Si 3 B x (T1)–MoSi 2 –MoB composites fabricated by green extrusion processing was investigated over the temperature range of 600–1600 °C in air. Low temperature experiments from 600 to 1000 °C revealed that unoxidized material initially forms a mixed molybdenum and silicon oxide scale. The unoxidized material undergoes rapid mass loss over a narrow temperature range of 660–760 °C, with complete disintegration of the material occurring at about 730 °C. At temperatures above about 760 °C, a coherent glassy scale forms to protect the alloy from further oxidation. High temperature oxidation tests from 1150 to 1600 °C show that the material forms a continuous glassy scale, 10–20 μm in thickness, which protects the underlying alloy. Steady state oxidation kinetics were not achieved until exposure at 1600 °C, due to the effect of contamination introduced during green extrusion processing. The calculated parabolic rate constant at 1600 °C is 9.7×10 −3 mg 2 /cm 4 /h, which compares favorably to that of MoSi 2 -based materials. The observed oxidation behavior and kinetics over the entire temperature range were not significantly influenced by sample porosity (79% versus 96% of theoretical density). Boron depletion of the near-surface scale was observed at 1150 °C, leading to the formation of pure silica in the outer portion of the scale. The extent and rate of boron evaporation increased significantly as temperature increased to 1600 °C. Formation of pure silica in the scale implies that oxygen transport through silica must be the rate-limiting step in the high temperature oxidation of these alloys.
Analyse of Automobile Logistics Enterprises Optimum Select

The article establishes the system of evaluation index,utilizes the entropy method to confirm objective weight value,then adopts the consistent triangular fuzzy number complementary judgment matrix to ask for the value of subjective utility,combines the two value and sequences.go on optimum selecting the automobile logistics enterprises.Finally shows validity and practicability of this algorithm by the real example.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine: an effective sedative agent for electroencephalogram and auditory brain response testing.

SummaryObjective Dexmedetomidine is an α2 agonist with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. The intranasal (IN) route avoids the pain of intravenous (i.v.) catheter placement but limited literature exists on the use of IN dexmedetomidine. This study examines the effectiveness and safety of IN dexmedetomidine for sedation of patients undergoing electroencephalogram (EEG) and auditory brain response (ABR) testing. Study design This was a review of all outpatients sedated with IN dexmedetomidine for EEG or ABR between October 1, 2012 and October 1, 2014. An initial dose of 2.5–3 μg·kg−1 IN dexmedetomidine was given with a repeat dose of 1–1.5 μg·kg−1 IN if needed 30 min later. Prospectively entered patient information was extracted from a quality assurance database and additional information gathered via retrospective chart review. Results Intranasal dexmedetomidine was used in 169 patients (EEG = 117, ABR = 52). First-dose success rates were 90.4% for ABR and 87.2% for EEG. Total success rates (with one or two doses of IN dexmedetomidine) were 100% for ABR and 99.1% for EEG. The median time to onset of sleep was 25 min (IQR, 20–32 min). The median duration of sedation was 107 min (IQR, 90–131 min). Adverse events included: 18 patients (10.7%) with hypotension which resolved without intervention, six patients with oxygen desaturation <90%, two of whom received supplemental oxygen, and one patient with an underlying upper airway abnormality who was treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Conclusions IN dexmedetomidine is an effective and noninvasive method of sedating children for EEG and ABR.
Ellenburger wastewater injection and seismicity in North Texas

Abstract North Texas has experienced a roughly exponential increase in seismicity since 2008. This increase is primarily attributable to wastewater injection into the Ellenburger Formation—a carbonate formation located within and just above seismically active zones. To our knowledge, there has been no previous comprehensive ∼10 year analysis comparing regional seismicity with basin-wide injection and injection pressure of wastewater into the Ellenburger, even though monthly injection/pressure records have been made publically available for nearly a decade. Here we compile and evaluate more than 24,000 monthly injection volume and pressure measurements for the Ellenburger formation. We compare Ellenburger injection pressures and volumes to basin-wide injection pressures and volumes, and to earthquake locations and rates. The analysis shows where cumulative injection volumes are highest, where injection pressures and formation pressures are increasing, how injection volumes have changed regionally with time, and how Ellenburger injection volumes and pressures correlate in space and time with recent seismicity in North Texas. Results indicate that between 2005 and 2014 at least 270 million m 3 (∼1.7 billion barrels) of wastewater were injected into the Ellenburger formation. If we assume relative homogeneity for the Ellenburger and no significant fluid loss across the 63,000 km 2 basin, this volume of fluid would increase pore fluid pressure within the entire formation by 0.09 MPa (∼13 psi). Recent spot measurements of pressure in the Ellenburger confirm that elevated fluid pressures ranging from 1.7 to 4.5 MPa (250–650 psi) above hydrostatic exist in this formation, and this may promote failure on pre-existing faults in the Ellenburger and underlying basement. The analysis demonstrates a clear spatial and temporal correlation between seismic activity and wastewater injection volumes across the basin, with earthquakes generally occurring in the central and eastern half of the basin, where Ellenburger wastewater injection cumulative volumes and estimated pressure increases are highest. The increased seismicity correlates with increased fluid pressure, which is a potential cause for these earthquakes. Based on these results, we hypothesize it is plausible that the cumulative pressure increase across the basin may trigger earthquakes on faults located tens of kilometers or more from injection wells, and this process may have triggered the Irving-Dallas earthquake sequence. We use these results to develop preliminary forecasts for the region concerning where seismicity will likely continue or develop in the future, and assess what additional data are needed to better forecast and constrain seismic hazard.
Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce

This chapter focuses on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) as one of the most important protocols used in the e-commerce world. TCP/IP is a networking protocol that provides communication between networks made up of computers with diverse hardware architectures and operating systems. In other words, the TCP/IP architecture facilitates connectivity in diverse environments. Though an industry standard suite of protocols providing communications in heterogeneous environments, TCP/IP is a de facto standard. De facto standards are usually defined by proprietary products rather than public specifications. TCP/IP's primary advantage is its interoperability, or ability to link disparate platforms, computers, and peripheral devices. In addition, it is a routable networking protocol and provides access to the Internet. It was the first protocol developed by a group of users and vendors under government sponsorship rather than by a standards organization. TCP/IP was developed faster than those standards developed through a standards body and led the way for vendor consortiums and changed the way standards are developed today.
Variation in Sexual Identification Among Behaviorally Bisexual Women in the Midwestern United States: Challenging the Established Methods for Collecting Data on Sexual Identity and Orientation.

Collecting information on sexual identity is critical to ensuring the visibility of minority populations who face stigmatization and discrimination related to sexual identities. However, it is challenging to capture the nuances of sexual identity with traditional survey research methods. Using a mixed-methods approach, we gathered data on the sexual identities of 80 behaviorally bisexual women in the Midwestern United States through an online survey. When provided different types of measures (e.g., open ended and fixed response) and different contexts in which to identify (e.g., private and public), participants varied in how they reported their sexual identities. Qualitative analysis of participant narratives around identity change finds partitioning and ranking of attraction is a key component in understanding behaviorally bisexual women’s identities. We further identify a division regarding the desired outcomes of identity development processes. Given the multiple ways in which participants identified depending upon the type of measure and the context specified, and the variation in identification over time, results support reconsidering the capability of typical measures and methods used in survey research to capture sexual identity information. Additionally, findings highlight the utility of including multiple, context-specific measures of sexual identities in future research.
Cognitive, Affective, and Dispositional Components of Learning Programming

Programming is a complex cognitive skill that develops over an extended period of time. The development of programming ability is the product of a number of different cognitive, affective, and dispositional factors. Furthermore, programming ability itself is a complex learning outcome that cannot be measured simply. Prior research on the individual factors that are associated with success in programming is extensive, but detailed pictures of the interactions over time of the many factors involved are rare to non-existent. My dissertation research focuses on building such a detailed picture of the factors that contribute to students developing programming ability. If these processes were better understood by CS education researchers, then interventions to improve student learning in introductory programming contexts could be more theoretically informed and effectively applied.
Persuading the Home Front The Communication Surrounding the World War I Campaign to “Knit” Patriotism

Government public relations are often viewed as propaganda. However, one’s own perspective has much to do with how the communications are perceived. One example of American propaganda is linked to World War I. While there has been research devoted to the patriotic posters and films of this era, other forms of media during this same time period have been largely overlooked. This article, therefore, presents research on the communications surrounding the “Knit Your Bit” campaign, which the American Red Cross conducted with help from the U.S. government-sponsored Committee on Public Information. The campaign persuaded knitters on the home front to knit for the troops using content in the major women’s magazine of the day: Ladies’ Home Journal. This article considers how the overlooked campaign contributed to efforts to generate patriotism during World War I and how social, political, and economic factors affected the communications.
CREB Overexpression In Vivo Results in Increased Proliferation, Blast Transformation, and Earlier Engraftment of Myeloid Progenitor Cells.

CREB or cAMP responsive element binding protein is a 43-kDa-basic/leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression through the activation of cAMP-dependent or -independent signal transduction pathways. CREB promotes growth and survival in a variety of cell types and is overexpressed in the bone marrow of greater than 60% of AML patients. To understand the role of CREB in myelopoiesis, we characterized the effects of CREB overexpression in transgenic mice. We created mice in which CREB expression was targeted to the myeloid lineage using the hMRP8 promoter. CREB transgenic mice showed evidence of monocytosis, compared to age-matched littermate controls. We performed colony assays with methylcellulose containing SCF, IL-6, and IL-3. Bone marrow cells from CREB transgenic mice formed robust colonies earlier and had increased numbers of colony forming units (CFU-GM) when compared to control mice. Cytospin analysis of these cells showed the presence of more immature myeloid cells compared to controls. At day 12, cells from colonies were 50% c-Kit positive, 83% Gr-1 positive, and 67% Mac-1 positive by FACS analysis. To assess self-renewal of progenitors from CREB transgenic mice, serial replating experiments were performed. Bone marrow cells from transgenic mice were highly successful in repopulating the methylcellulose containing SCF, IL-6, and IL-3, in contrast to the control cells, which were unable to grow after serial replating. Following tertiary replating of the CREB transgenic mouse bone marrow, we observed that the colonies (96+3.5) appeared more homogeneous with immature cells that were >99% c-Kit positive and 6 bone marrow cells from CREB transgenic mice into wild type C57/BL6 recipient mice. Serial analysis of the peripheral blood counts and cell surface markers by FACS analysis showed earlier myeloid engraftment at 6 weeks following transplantation compared to normal control mice. The transgenic recipients showed increased monocytes and neutrophils in the peripheral blood with a corresponding increase in Mac-1 positive, Gr-1 positive cell populations at 8 weeks after transplantation. At the same time, the lymphocyte count was significantly lower in CREB transgenic recipient mice than controls. Our results suggest that CREB plays a critical role in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis and stem cell self-renewal.
Frailty as a Risk Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality Following Liver Surgery

Given the increasing number of elderly and comorbid patients undergoing surgery, there is increased interest in preoperatively identifying patients at high risk of morbidity and mortality following liver resection. We sought to develop and validate the use of a frailty index (FI) to predict poor postoperative outcomes following liver surgery. Patients undergoing a liver resection were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Hepatectomy-targeted database for 2014 and randomized into a training or validation cohort. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a revised frailty index (rFI) to predict adverse postoperative clinical outcomes. Leave one out cross-validation was performed to validate the proposed rFI. A total of 2714 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Postoperatively, 826 patients (30.4%) developed a postoperative complication, while 39 patients died within 30 days of surgery. Five preoperative variables (ASA class, BMI, serum albumin, hematocrit, underlying pathology, and type of liver resection) were used to develop the rFI. The rFI demonstrated good discrimination (AUROC = 0.68) and outperformed the previously proposed modified frailty index (mFI; AUROC = 0.53, p < 0.001) when evaluated among patients included in the training cohort. On validation, the rFI demonstrated good model discrimination (AUROC = 0.68) and was accurately able to risk-stratify patients within the validation cohort at risk for developing a postoperative complication, prolonged length-of-stay, and postoperative mortality (all p < 0.05). Frailty, as measured by the rFI, was predictive of increased risk of morbidity and mortality following liver surgery and can be used to guide patient decision-making.
Expression and function of TIM-3, a potential therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia.

7095 Background: Transmembrane immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) is a cell-surface protein that has been identified as a novel acute myeloid leukemia stem cell (AML-LSC) surface marker and a potential...
Intelligent Engineering and Its Applications in Power Engineering in China

Abstract Artificial intelligence, neural networks and fuzzy systems have been studied in the last few decades and the applications in engineering have got great achievements. The applications in power engineering have also been studied successfully and a lot of them are used in practice. We will survey the applications of them in electric power engineering in China. An overview of their applications and potential future applications of intelligent engineering in power systems are presented.
Solving Conflicts and Problems

If you work with children or teenagers in an after-school program, you know that con?icts and problems will arise. The question that remains is how can you best deal with these con?icts and problems and still retain the group-centered cohesive structure that you are trying to develop for your after-school program. I have worked with children and teenagers in group programs for 41 years, and I will be the ?rst to tell you that I do not have all of the answers. I’ve had the privilege of working with children from many different settings. I mostly work with at-risk populations. I’ve worked with children in the projects in Chicago, children from the Bronx, children who have been expelled from the public school system in Tampa, inner-city community and school groups in Ohio and Georgia, Hispanic immigrant populations in Texas, and children from rural poor neighborhoods in South Carolina. No matter where I have traveled and worked, there have always been children in need. When children are in need, there is con?ict. In this chapter, we analyze several different examples and how these examples might relate to your own work. My goal is to help you think about problems before they arise so that you can be prepared and respond in the best way possible.
Disentangling Bias and Variance in Election Polls

It is well known among researchers and practitioners that election polls suffer from a variety of sampling and nonsampling errors, often collectively referred to as total survey error. Reported mar...
Neurometabolic abnormalities in the associative striatum in antipsychotic-naïve first episode psychosis patients.

Abstract Schizophrenia is a chronic, often progressive, disorder. Understanding the underlying neurobiology present in the early stages of the illness is as a pivotal step in designing targeted interventions aimed at arresting disease progression. The aim of our study was to examine neurometabolic changes in the dopamine rich associative striatum in medication-naive first episode psychosis (FEP). We quantified neurometabolites in 14 FEP and 18 healthy controls (HC) matched on key demographic characteristics. Spectra from the voxel in the left associative striatum were acquired using a PRESS sequence (TR/TE = 2000/80 ms; 512 averages). MRS data were quantified in the time domain with AMARES in jMRUI. Choline was significantly elevated in FEP compared to HC. No significant alterations in other metabolites were observed. We did not observe correlations between metabolite levels and clinical characteristics in FEP. Here, we demonstrated elevated choline and a disruption of the relationship between N-acetyl-aspartate and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) in medication-naive FEP patients in the left striatum indicating possible mitochondrial, membrane and glial dysfunction as an underlying pathological phenomenon. In addition, striatal choline shows promise as a biomarker for FEP that may have utility in clinical trials investigating target engagement in experimental regimens.
The lingering impact of stress: brief acute glucocorticoid exposure has sustained, dose-dependent effects on reproduction.

Acutely stressful experiences can have profound and persistent effects on phenotype. Across taxa, individuals differ remarkably in their susceptibility to stress. However, the mechanistic causes of enduring stress effects, and of individual differences in stress susceptibility, are poorly understood. Here, we tested whether brief, acute increases in glucocorticoid hormones have persistent effects on phenotype, and whether effects differ according to the magnitude or duration of elevation. We used a novel method to non-invasively manipulate hormone levels on short time scales: the application of corticosterone gel to a model egg secured in the nest. Free-living female tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) exposed to several brief corticosterone increases during incubation showed dose-dependent differences in behaviour throughout the reproductive period. Birds receiving treatments that simulated higher or longer acute stress responses later provisioned larger broods at lower rates; the resulting offspring were smaller in size. Treatment did not influence female body condition, oxidative stress, reproductive success or inter-annual survival, but exposed females maintained higher baseline corticosterone after treatments ceased. Overall, these results indicate that brief, acute elevations in glucocorticoids in adulthood can have long-term consequences. Furthermore, individuals that mount a greater or longer acute stress response may be more likely to experience lingering effects of stress.
Can the use of an inclinometer improve the positioning of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty

Aims Accurate placement of the acetabular component is essential in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to determine if the ability to achieve inclination of the acetabular ...
The Political Economy of Venture Creation

Baumol (1990) introduced the distinction between productive entrepreneurial activity, which is focused on the creation and exploitation of value-adding innovations within the market sphere, and unproductive activity, in which entrepreneurs seek rents by expropriating valuable assets and property rights from others in the context of a zero-sum, extra-market process. Although originally framed as a theory about profit-seeking choices entrepreneurs make, Baumol’s hypothesis has been primarily used as a way to explain differences in economic performance. We extend Baumol’s analysis with the additional insight, derived from theory and evidence in entrepreneurship, that much of the trade-off between productive and unproductive activities will be industry- specific due to the predominant role of knowledge spillovers in generating entrepreneurial opportunities, and that this will affect the relative tendencies of industries to generate new ventures by influencing entrepreneurial choices and impacting organization...
Bringing Functional Family Probation Services to the Community: A Qualitative Case Study

In March 2011, Multnomah County's Juvenile Services Division (JSD) in Portland, Oregon implemented a new program model called Functional Family Probation Services, a case management model based on the principles of Functional Family Therapy. Under this model JSD Juvenile Court Counselors deliver Functional Family Probation Services to medium and high-risk youth on probation; both to the youth and their family in their home. This qualitative case study examined the extent to which the Juvenile Court Counselors and Community Justice Managers implemented Functional Family Probation Service’s components and recorded their opinions regarding Functional Family Probation Services as a case management model. The study included observations of consultation meetings and interviews of 17 Juvenile Court Counselors, Community Justice Managers, and Senior Managers. The primary results of the study revealed that the Functional Family Probation Services intervention is well received by the county's youth and families and that Functional Family Probation Services increases family functioning. However, both observations and self-reports from the Juvenile Court Counselors and Community Justice Managers indicated that Functional Family Probation Services requires individual and organizational changes critical for its successful implementation and sustainability.
General Purpose Theorem Proving Methods in the Verification of Digital Hardware and Software

The use of general purpose mechanical theorem proving Systems to verify digital hardware and Software is discussed, with particular emphasis on the ACL2 System. The paper shows ACL2 at work on some simple theorems and illustrates how the user affects the theorem-prover’s behavior. The paper then illustrates how ACL2 is used to model digital Systems, by developing a simple theorem about a progress property in an n process concurrent System. Some industrial scale applications, including correctness proofs for commercial floating-point Operations and proofs about a model of a state-of-the-art digital signal processor, are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of several other Systems and their recent applications.
PC-12 cells adhesion and differentiation on carbon aerogel scaffolds

Electrically conducting substrates have shown much promise as neuronal scaffolds and in other biologic and biomedical applications where a smart and electrically interactive material is needed. Most materials that are inherently conducting are not suitable for biomedical applications and lack biocompatibility or biostability. On the other hand, biologically stable and compatible materials must first be manipulated, modified, and treated in order to impart the necessary electrical conductivity to the material. Here, the authors have investigated the response of PC-12 cells to two types of conducting carbon-based aerogels with different surface roughness. Results show that carbon-based aerogels support cell adhesion, proliferation, and neurite extension. The effects of surface roughness have also been investigated.
Giant Hogweed phytophotodermatitis

A 17 year old male was performing outdoor work and cut down a “tall weed with flowers like a cauliflower head.” The plant’s flowers brushed across his left face as it fell. Six hours later, while s...
Retailer order commitments improve distribution supply chain performance

Abstract Manufacturing, retail, and healthcare organizations are improving their distribution supply chains by implementing order commitment – an agreement under which some delivery quantities are fixed a priori while some others are freely chosen by the recipients. We show that these strategies are effective whenever the supplier’s cost is at least 29.3% of the total system cost. This result is robust to supply chain operating structure, and savings increase as the supplier’s share of the total system cost increases.
A value-based care analysis of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected rotator cuff tendinopathy and the implicated role of conservative management

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to evaluate the integrity of the rotator cuff in patients with suspected full-thickness rotator cuff tears or other cuff tendinopathies. The value of advanced imaging value comes into question when it is used as the initial musculoskeletal imaging test before a trial of conservative therapy in patients with atraumatic shoulder pain, minimal to no strength deficits on examination, and suspected cuff tendinopathy. Methods A prospective study of a group of patients suspected to have cuff tendinopathy based on clinical findings was performed. Every patient underwent MRI and was offered an initial trial of conservative management. Patients had an average follow-up of 28.3 ± 5.3 months after imaging to determine whether surgery was performed. Results A total of 51 patients were included in this study. Of this cohort, 46 (90.2%) patients did not go on to surgical intervention, whereas 5 (9.8%) patients did at an average 68.3 days after imaging. These results suggest that over 90.2% of patients (46 of 51) had premature MRI, posing an unnecessary economic burden of $181,619 in advanced imaging charges. Conclusions The use of MRI before a trial of conservative management in patients with atraumatic shoulder pain, minimal to no strength deficits on physical examination, and suspected cuff tendinopathy other than full-thickness tears provides negative value in the management of these patients, at both the individual and population level.
Characterizing early stage sub-micron particle formation during pulverized coal combustion in a flat flame burner

Abstract Mineral matter evolution, soot formation, and soot oxidation are the governing processes for fine particle evolution during the early stages of pulverized coal combustion. Soot and ash can be simultaneously present in PM 0.1, and experimental results obtained to understand early stage particle formation can be ambiguous if the two are not independently evaluated. A sampling system proposed in this work differentiates between soot and mineral matter by employing a high temperature furnace downstream of the sampling system, supplied with sufficient oxygen to oxidize the soot in the sampled aerosol stream. The stream can be routed either through the furnace or bypassing it. In the bypass configuration, the SMPS measures the total PM size distribution. In the flow-through configuration, the SMPS measures the ash PM size distribution, and the difference identifies the contributions from the soot aerosols. This study has shown that there is a high probability of confounding effects in experimental measurements of early stage ultra-fine particulate matter evolution, and the effects were shown to exist at different conditions and with different coals. The results show that for PRB coal combustion, as residence time increases from 9 ms to 33 ms, the volume of total PM 0.1 decreases by 68%, and the ash PM 0.1 increases by 600%, whereas for Hongshayuan lignite coal, the volume of total PM 0.1 increases by 275%, and ash PM 0.1 increases by 939%. These results indicated that soot constitutes a major part of PM 0.1 during the early stages of fine particle evolution.
Realist Concerns or Economic Interdependence? Japanese Citizens’ Policy Preferences Toward China in the Issue of the Senkaku Islands

Recently, the tension between Japan and China is quickly escalating. One of the critical sources of conflict is the territorial dispute over the Senkaku Islands. The goal of this study is to examine how Japanese citizens develop policy preferences toward China in the issue of the Senkaku Islands. Regarding this matter, it is possible to suggest two scenarios. First, realist concerns among Japanese citizens will boost support for a hawkish approach against China as defending territories is one of the most important concerns for states in the international system. The second scenario prescribes that economic interdependence between Japan and China will undermine the support for a firm approach against China. This perspective is based on the idea that economic interdependence prevents states from going to war with each other. The present research examines the validity of these two competing hypotheses. Statistical analysis relying on the survey data from Japan lends support to the realist perspective. Dissecting the process through which Japanese citizens develop their policy preferences toward China, this study makes an important contribution to the literature of international relations, thus generating critical implications that are highly useful in the real world.
Resisting “Politics as Usual”: The Obama Era of Healthcare Reform

In this chapter I use archival data, interviews, and participant observation data to analyze the narrative practice and activities of the Single Payer Movement during the era of healthcare reform that followed the election of President Barack Obama. Although this was initially defined as an era of positive political opportunity by activists, “politics as usual”—embodied by the Obama administration—was eventually defined as the “enemy” of progressive healthcare reform. Focus was redirected toward mobilizing grassroots support for single-payer and building a movement with the power to change the political context.
Functional contribution of DCLKs in sea urchin development

BACKGROUND Doublecortin-like kinase1 and 2 (DCLKs) are protein Ser/Thr kinases important for neuronal development. More recently, they are also reported to regulate plasticity such as cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and cancer cells, but the details of their functions in this biological context are still unclear. With an attempt to reveal the functions of DCLKs in plasticity regulation, we here used the sea urchin embryo that undergoes highly regulative development as an experimental model. RESULTS We found that both the transcripts and the proteins of DCLKs are uniformly present during early embryogenesis and with some enrichment in mesenchymal cells after gastrula stage. Knockdown of DCLKs induced general developmental delay and defects at day 2. Further, the damage on the embryo/larva induced ectopic expression of DCLKs in the ectoderm where the damage was most severe. Under a tumor-prone or -suppressive condition, DCLKs expression was upregulated or downregulated, respectively, after damage. In both cases, the embryos showed severe developmental defects. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, a transient upregulation of DCLKs appears to be involved in a damage response both during normal and abnormal development, and which could result in different phenotypes in a context dependent manner.
Generalizable convolutional neural network (CNN) classification of breast cancer using images from two optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems

The purpose of this study was to develop a generalizable convolutional neural network (CNN) classification technique of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of breast tissue acquired from multiple OCT systems. We imaged lumpectomy and mastectomy specimens (acquired through the Columbia University Tissue Bank) from 31 patients. In our early results, we classified the images into healthy tissue (adipose and stroma) and diseased, which included ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), mucinous carcinoma, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Our goal is to expand our classification to differentiate the diseased tissue into subclasses of DCIS, IDC, mucinous carcinoma, and benign tissue.
0067 Teen dating violence policies within states, summary of policy element variation

Statement of purpose We provide thorough description of Teen Dating Violence (TDV) policies’ variation to position future research efforts to understand what is driving policy variation and how policy components impact outcomes. Methods/Approach We developed and applied an abstraction form to measure 7 TDV policy components: (1) definitions, (2) requirements for district policy, (3) guidelines for review, (4) district policy content, (5) student dating violence curricula, (6) staff dating violence training, and (7) protections for victims. Descriptive figures and statistics were generated on all policy scores, and on individual policy score changes. Results Krippendorff’s alpha for inter-rater reliability was 0.88. Sixty-one related policies of 30 states were identified and abstracted. Thirty of these were original policies, 31 were revisions of previous policies enacted by 17 states. Out of a possible 63, the mean score of original policies was 15.4 (0.86 SE), median 16.1, range 4.0- 23.0. Of the 31 policy updates/revisions, 13 improved the state policy score, 3 reduced it, 15 were score neutral. The mean score of the currently active policies was 16.9 (0.71 standard error), median of 17.0. All section scores improved slightly relative to original policies except for section (5). Conclusions While there has been slight collective improvement since the origin of TDV policies in 1992, there remains tremendous opportunity for improvement policy presence and component caliber amongst all TDV policies of US states. Significance Despite TDV’s status as a public health co, it is not understood why only select states have implemented supportive policy, why existing policies vary in terms of composition, nor what relationship exists between TDV policy presence/quality and outcomes. The findings of this work are necessary to position future research efforts to elucidate what is driving policy variation and what policy levers exist for promoting successful prevention of and response to instances of TDV.