cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic access to the liver and application of laparoscopic microwave ablation in 2 dogs with liver neoplasia.

Objective To determine laparoscopic accessibility of liver lobes and access to the hilus and describe laparoscopic microwave ablation (LMWA) in 2 dogs with hepatic neoplasia. Study design Experimental/descriptive case series. Sample population Six canine cadavers and 2 clinical dogs. Methods Cadavers in dorsal recumbency underwent laparoscopic assessment of the liver. A 17 gauge MWA probe was inserted to create an ablation zone at the most proximal aspect of the hilus. The distance from the center of each ablation zone to the most proximal aspect of the corresponding hilus was determined. Two dogs with hepatic neoplasia underwent LMWA. Results All lobes of the canine liver were accessible via laparoscopy. The median (interquartile range) distances from the ablation zones to the hilus for the caudate process, left lateral, left middle, quadrate, right lateral, and right middle lobes were 2.2 (1.2-2.6), 2.1 (1-4.4), 1.5 (1.4-3.7), 2, 1, 2.5 (1-4.1) cm, respectively. Histopathologic diagnoses treated by LMWA included metastatic hemangiosarcoma and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Laparoscopic microwave ablation was technically feasible, and no complications from the procedure resulted. Conclusion Laparoscopic access to the hilus of each liver lobe is possible via a ventrodorsal approach provided reverse Trendelenburg and lateral rotation is used, especially for the right lateral lobe. Laparoscopic microwave ablation is feasible in some dogs with hepatic neoplasia. The indications for and efficacy of LMWA for hepatic neoplasia in dogs requires additional investigation. Clinical significance Laparoscopic access to all liver lobes and MWA of some neoplastic lesions is feasible in a canine pilot study.
Fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confined to a cardiac myxoma

![Figure][1] An immunocompetent 50-year-old man presented with chest pain. An echocardiogram showed a left atrial mass, which was resected (panel I). Macroscopically, there was a 6-cm gelatinous mass with a friable tissue rim (panel A). Microscopically, it was predominately composed of
The Unfaithful Male in Monogamous and Non-Monogamous Marriage: A Phenomenological Case Study

AbstractA comparative case-study method grounded in phenomenology with the use of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) demonstrated similarities and differences between two men’s experience...
T cell-based strategies for HIV-1 vaccines.

Despite 30 years of effort, we do not have an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Over the past decade, the HIV-1 vaccine field has shifted emphasis toward antibody-based vaccine strategies, following a lack ...
Perceived Benefits of Participating in an Undergraduate Strength and Conditioning Internship

Internships are considered high-impact practices in higher education. However, to date, such programs to prepare kinesiology students for careers as strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches have rar...
Quantifying Function with the Functional Analysis Celeration Chart.

The present brief practice examined 6 randomly selected studies from the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis that included functional analysis data replotted on the functional analysis celeration chart (FACC). The FACC showcases the practicality of a standard celeration chart– derived visual display. The research question asked, what level values occurred related to the original authors’ determination of function? Results indicated all functions had a ×2 level multiplier or higher when placed on the FACC.
Bridging the Gap: The Importance of Evidence-Based Practice and Collaboration within Sports Performance

The role of a Strength & Conditioning Coach (S&CC) has evolved tremendously over the years. Formerly, these positions were seen as novelties, with responsibilities centered solely around improving strength and conditioning qualities. Currently, job responsibilities can stretch from not only applying strength and conditioning principles, but also being competent in biomechanics, human anatomy, exercise physiology, motor learning, sports nutrition, and sports psychology, to name a few. It’s vital for S&CCs to lean on relevant research, while collaborating with both direct and indirect professionals to guide decision making. Adopting an evidence-based practice (EBP) should be the first step when determining the best intervention in any situation. Applying this to strength and conditioning would be to take a systematic approach to training athletes and clients based on the best evidence from current peer-reviewed research, in conjunction with professional experience and judgment. Ultimately, EBP can provide S&CCs with strength of certainty regarding their decisions. In addition to the research, individual experience and observation, in conjunction with the preferences and constraints of the environment, are just as important. Both scientific research and practical experience are necessary and complementary components of furthering EBP. Developing the best EBP will require a combined approach, in which coaches and researchers work in collaboration to provide the greatest degree of insight into the effects of any intervention. Cultivating sustainable, integrated, and open-minded work relationships can heavily influence how we’re assimilating important information. Sharing information and an adopting an open-minded approach can lead to skills, techniques, and research being shared far more easily. Ultimately, integrating an EBP and fostering quality professional relationships at work sets the foundation to optimize decision-making and minimize interference within the development of our athletes.
Performance evaluation of hydrocarbon and its blend in split packaged inverter operated air conditioner

Abstract Hydrocarbons are being considered as an energy efficient alternative substance to HCFC-22 in ACs. Better thermo physical properties of HCs results higher energy efficiency in split air conditioners than HCFC-22. However, safety of HC substances needs to be addressed when it is used in ACs. This paper focus on a typical inverter operated SAC with 5.2 kW nominal cooling capacity for performance evaluation. Various tests have been carried out on SAC in well-equipped psychrometric test chamber maintaining test conditions as prescribed in Indian Standard (BIS 1391 part-1) for full capacity and half capacity of test unit. Initially HCFC-22 was tested to establish baseline performance. HCs chosen are HC-290 and its blend (50% HC-290 and 50% HC-1270 by weight) were tested for as a drop-in replacement for HCFC-22. Indian SEER of SAC with HC-290/HC-1270 blend achieved was 4.91 as against 5.11 for HC-290. For HC-290 and HC-290/HC-1270 blend, ISSER is about 20.2% and 15.5% higher respectively than HCFC-22.
Translation as transference

AbstractAs translator of the recent memoir ‘Windows’ by French psychoanalyst J.B. Pontalis, the author draws on her experience of translating a psychoanalyst to explore the links between two practices, psychoanalysis and translation. The article discusses the ways in which both processes engage the powerful instruments of transference, counter-transference. resistance and revelation in order to achieve their respective goals. It argues that translation, more than being simply a metaphor for the psychoanalytic experience, shares with it many of the same stakes, problems and solutions to those problems and suggests a hermeneutics of translation based on a new respect for the role the unconscious plays in the process. This article also engages recent research in translation studies that has sought to address the role that cognitive and affective factors play in the process of translation in order to situate the psychoanalytic approach within a framework of current theories and methodologies.
The Delphi Study in Field Instruction Revisited: Expert Consensus on Issues and Research Priorities

Abstract A 1980 study using the Delphi technique identified field instruction issues and research priorities. In this article, the author reports the findings of a study undertaken to determine if the issues and priorities have changed in the past decade. Twelve national experts reached a consensus on 29 of 61 statements/issues and on three research priorities for the next decade. As in 1980, the study participants viewed the Delphi technique as having strength in gaining consensus, allowing dialogue between geographically separated experts, and serving as an effective means of learning for participants. The prioritized research agenda developed by the experts in 1991 includes the need for empirical analysis of outcomes related to field education; models to ensure quality of field instruction; and processes to help field instructors assist students, especially in integrating classroom and field instruction.
The Multi-Enforcer Approach To Securities Fraud Deterrence: A Critical Analysis

Participants in the U.S. capital markets can be sued for securities fraud by a mishmash of enforcers, including the SEC, class action plaintiffs, and state regulators. Does this multi-enforcer approach make sense from a deterrence perspective? This Article suggests that the answer is probably no. Although in theory there are conditions under which a multi-enforcer approach would promote optimal deterrence, it is unclear at best that those conditions exist in the United States. And further empirical research, while warranted, is unlikely to resolve the issue definitively. The status quo tends to persevere in the face of this sort of irreducible uncertainty. But this Article argues that a better response would be to grant a federal agency, like the SEC, exclusive authority to prosecute national securities frauds, while at the same time enacting reforms designed to better align the agency’s enforcement incentives with the public interest (thus protecting against the risk that it would under-deter). In addition to conferring the benefits of simplicity, a unitary-enforcer approach would allow the United States to capture important enforcer-based efficiency gains that are unattainable in the current regime.
Japanese alternative questions are disjunctions of polar questions

We discuss the syntax and semantics of Japanese alternative questions (AltQs), and argue that they are underlyingly disjoined polar questions (PolQs). The argument is based on the following three observations: (i) the minimum syntactic size of a disjunct in a Japanese AltQ is VP or clausal, (ii) sentential operators above the disjunction in an AltQ are never interpreted in both disjuncts, and (iii) the clause-final particle in an AltQ has to be matched with the particle at the end of the first disjunct. It will be shown that these facts receive straightforward explanations under the analysis that treats Japanese AltQs as disjoined PolQs while they are problematic in a scoping analysis. We also propose a compositional semantics associated with the analysis, and address a potential problem regarding the intervention effect.
The isolation and characterization of plasma membrane from cultured cells. IV. The carbohydrate composition of membranes isolated from oncogenic RNA virus-converted chick embryo fibroblasts.

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma membrane was isolated from cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts which were converted by avian sarcoma viruses, morphf Fujinami virus, and a mutant of this virus, morphr Fujinami virus. The morphf virus-converted cells were fusiform in shape, whereas fibroblasts converted by the morphr virus became round. 2. 2. Cell membrane isolated from the morphr virus-converted fibroblasts had an increase of more than 40 % in neutral sugar content compared with that isolated from uninfected cells or cells converted by morphf Fujinami virus. 3. 3. The sialic acid content of the cell membrane isolated from cells converted by oncogenic viruses was decreased compared with that of plasma membrane from RAV-49-infected cells or uninfected cells. Since this decrease was found in cells converted by sarcoma-producing viruses but not in those infected with a leukemia virus, and since the decrease was not correlated with cell shape, it represents a fundamental alteration in membrane chemistry paralleling a loss of the fibroblasts' controls of growth and multiplication.
Broadband Planar 5:1 Impedance Transformer

This letter presents a broadband Guanella-type planar impedance transformer that transforms 50 $\Omega $ to 10 $\Omega $ with a 10 dB bandwidth of 1–14 GHz. The transformer is designed on a flexible 50 $\mu {\rm m}$ thick polyimide substrate in microstrip and parallel-plate transmission line topologies, and is inspired by the traditional 4:1 Guanella transformer. Back-to-back transformers were designed and fabricated for characterization in a 50 $\Omega $ system. Simulated and measured results are in excellent agreement.
Ensembles of One Class Support Vector Machines

The one class support vector machine (OCSVM) is a widely used approach to one class classification, the problem of distinguising one class of data from the rest of the feature space. However, even with optimal parameter selection, the OCSVM can be sensitive to overfitting in the presence of noise. Bagging is an ensemble method that can reduce the influence of noise and prevent overfitting. In this paper, we propose a bagging OCSVM using kernel density estimation to decrease the weight given to noise. We demonstrate the improved performance of the bagging OCSVM on both simulated and real world data sets.
How do red blood cells dilate blood vessels?--Reply.

To the Editor: A recent Letter to the Editor in Circulation Research from Drs. Allen and Piantadosi criticizes some of our recent work and its interpretation.1 We find that the letter contains significant errors in evaluating our work that we would like to address with the hope that we can resolve some of the issues raised. Allen and Piantadosi claim that a recent editorial by Gladwin and Schechter,2 outlining mechanisms that explain how nitric oxide (NO) is delivered by red blood cells (RBCs), creates a false dichotomy that impedes scientific advance. However, we find that these mechanisms involve fundamentally different biochemical reactivities and differ in both the source of NO and the nature of the oxygen sensing reaction. The first mechanism, proposed by Stamler’s group, suggests that hemoglobin binds NO at the cysteine 93 to form S -nitroso hemoglobin (SNO-Hb), which serves as a storage pool for a circulating S -nitrosothiol; the S -nitrosothiol is released from hemoglobin after a change in hemoglobin quaternary structure from the R (oxygenated) to T (deoxygenated) state. The second mechanism, proposed by our group, suggests that the …
Objective Prism Surveys for New White Dwarfs

The spectroscopic criteria for identifying strong-lined DA-type stars on low-dispersion objective prism plates are reviewed, as are the objective prism surveys made to date with discovery of white dwarfs a partial or major objective (Table I). It is claimed that there may be upwards of 100 undiscovered white dwarfs brighter than B magnitude 14.0. Some data for all the white dwarfs so far discovered by objective prism are collected in Table II; new identification charts are given for two of these.
Moniz, Egas (1874–1955)

Egas Moniz (1874–1955) was a Portuguese neurologist and politician born to a prominent family in the small coastal village of Avanca. Most of his close family died before he reached adulthood. He was married to Elvira de Macedo Dias and had no children. Moniz studied medicine at the University of Coimbra, graduating in 1899. He pioneered the cerebral angiogram and shared the 1949 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the prefrontal leucotomy (lobotomy). He was also a prolific author and active in government until the rise of the Salazar regime in 1926. Keywords: Moniz, Egas; neuroscience; Nobel Prize; cerebal angiography; leucotomy; prefrontal lobotomy; psychobiology; schizophrenia
Non‐latex versus latex male condoms for contraception

The male condom which consists of a thin sheath placed over the glans and shaft of the penis is designed to prevent pregnancy by providing a physical barrier against the deposition of semen into the vagina during intercourse. Beginning in the 1990s nonlatex male condoms made of polyurethane film or synthetic elastomers were developed as alternative male barrier methods for individuals with allergies sensitivities or preferences that prevented the consistent use of condoms made of latex. The review sought to evaluate nonlatex male condoms in comparison with latex condoms in terms of contraceptive efficacy breakage slippage safety and user preferences. We searched the the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) MEDLINE using PubMed EMBASE Popline and LILACS for randomized controlled trials of nonlatex condoms. The references of eligible publications were assessed for inclusion. We also wrote to the manufacturers of nonlatex condoms and known investigators in an attempt to locate any other published or unpublished trials not identified in our search. The review included all randomized controlled trials identified in the literature search that evaluated a male nonlatex condom made of polyurethane film or synthetic elastomers in comparison with a latex condom. We evaluated all titles and abstracts located in the literature searches for inclusion in the review. Two reviewers independently extracted data from the identified studies. We entered and analyzed data with RevMan 4.1. Peto odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the outcomes contraceptive efficacy condom breakage and slippage discontinuation of use safety and user preference. The number of condoms men or women was used as the denominator for the ORs. Contraceptive efficacy early discontinuation and safety outcomes were also measured with survival analysis techniques and entered into "Additional tables." While the eZ·on condom did not protect against pregnancy as well as its latex comparison condom no differences were found in the typical-use efficacy in the comparisons between the Avanti and the Standard Tactylon and their latex counterparts. The nonlatex condoms were associated with higher rates of clinical breakage than their latex comparison condoms. The statistically significant odds ratios for clinical breakage for the nonlatex condoms versus their latex comparisons ranged from 2.6 (95% CI: 1.6 to 4.3) to 5.0 (95% CI: 3.6 to 6.8). Few adverse events were reported. In almost all of the comparisons substantial proportions of participants preferred the nonlatex condom or reported that they would recommend its use to others. Although the nonlatex condoms were associated with higher rates of clinical breakage than their latex comparison condoms the new condoms still provide an acceptable alternative for those with allergies sensitivities or preferences that might prevent the consistent use of latex condoms. The contraceptive efficacy of the nonlatex condoms requires more research. (authors)
Hierarchical Interpolative Factorization for Elliptic Operators: Differential Equations

This paper introduces the hierarchical interpolative factorization for integral equations (HIF-IE) associated with elliptic problems in two and three dimensions. This factorization takes the form of an approximate generalized LU decomposition that permits the efficient application of the discretized operator and its inverse. HIF-IE is based on the recursive skeletonization algorithm but incorporates a novel combination of two key features: (1) a matrix factorization framework for sparsifying structured dense matrices and (2) a recursive dimensional reduction strategy to decrease the cost. Thus, higher-dimensional problems are effectively mapped to one dimension, and we conjecture that constructing, applying, and inverting the factorization all have linear or quasilinear complexity. Numerical experiments support this claim and further demonstrate the performance of our algorithm as a generalized fast multipole method, direct solver, and preconditioner. HIF-IE is compatible with geometric adaptivity and can handle both boundary and volume problems. MATLAB ® codes are freely available. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced specific heat capacity of high-temperature molten salt-based nanofluids

Abstract Four different sized silicon-dioxide nanoparticles (5, 10, 30, and 60 nm in diameter) were dispersed in a molten salt eutectic (lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate, 62:38 by molar ratio) to obtain high temperature operating fluids (nanomaterials). A modulated differential scanning calorimeter was employed to measure the specific heat capacity of the molten salt eutectic and nanomaterials (molten salt/nanoparticle mixture). The specific heat capacity of nanomaterials was enhanced by evenly 25% over that of the base molten salt eutectic (base fluid), regardless of the size of embedded nanoparticles. The measurement uncertainty of experiments was less than 5%. Material characteristic analyses using electron microscopy show that the addition of nanoparticles into the molten salt eutectic induces nearby molten salts to form needle-like structures. These special structures were only observed within the nanomaterials whose specific heat capacity was significantly enhanced. The observed enhancements in specific heat capacity can be explained by the high specific surface energies that are associated with the high surface areas of the embedded nanoparticles and the needle-like structures induced by the nanoparticle addition.
Bioconjugated quantum dots for multiplexed and quantitative immunohistochemistry

Bioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) provide a new class of biological labels for evaluating biomolecular signatures (biomarkers) on intact cells and tissue specimens. In particular, the use of multicolor QD probes in immunohistochemistry is considered one of the most important and clinically relevant applications. At present, however, clinical applications of QD-based immunohistochemistry have achieved only limited success. A major bottleneck is the lack of robust protocols to define the key parameters and steps. Here, we describe our recent experience, preliminary results and detailed protocols for QD–antibody conjugation, tissue specimen preparation, multicolor QD staining, image processing and biomarker quantification. The results demonstrate that bioconjugated QDs can be used for multiplexed profiling of molecular biomarkers, and ultimately for correlation with disease progression and response to therapy. In general, QD bioconjugation is completed within 1 day, and multiplexed molecular profiling takes 1–3 days depending on the number of biomarkers and QD probes used.
SU‐GG‐J‐92: Motion Control Consistency with Abdominal Compression Device from Daily 4D CBCT

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of abdominal compression in tumor motion control for lungcancerradiotherapy. To study the motion control consistency during radiation treatment course through 4D reconstruction of daily cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) images.Method and Materials: Patients with lungtumor were scanned with 4D helical CT and the tumor motion was evaluated in left‐right(LR), superior‐inferior(SI), and anterior‐posterior(AP) directions. Patients with tumor motion greater than 1cm in any of the three directions and who could not tolerate the active breathing control(ABC) were treated with abdominal compression. Kilovoltage(kV) CBCTimage was acquired for each treatment fraction to correct patient setup. The CBCTimaging data were then reconstructed using a respiratory‐correlated technique to derive 4D CBCTimages with 10 different phases of breathing cycle. Daily tumor motion with abdominal compression was evaluated from the 4D CBCT by recording the tumor center position relative to the treatment isocenter in each phase. Three patient data (1 upper lobe tumor and 2 middle lobe tumors) were included in this study and 4 consecutive treatment fractions for each patient were studied. The extent of tumor motion was compared between different treatment fractions to assess the daily variation of motion control with abdominal compression. Results: Mean value and standard deviation(SD) of tumor motions from all patients and treatment fractions studied were 3.1mm±0.9mm (mean±SD), 6.8mm±1.7mm, and 5.3mm±1.8mm in LR, SI, and AP directions respectively. The variation of tumor motion extent of same patient between different fractions was 1.1mm±0.7mm, 2.0mm±1.9mm, and 2.3mm±2.0mm, in LR, SI, and AP directions respectively. Conclusion:Tumor motions which were greater than lcm with free‐breathing were reduced to less than 1cm with abdominal compression. Variation of motion control during treatment course was significant relative to the tumor motion in the patients and treatment fractions studied.
Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) Analysis Uncovers Broad Changes in Chromatin Structure Resulting from Hexavalent Chromium Exposure

The ability of chromatin to switch back and forth from open euchromatin to closed heterochromatin is vital for transcriptional regulation and genomic stability, but its dynamic structure is subject to disruption by exposure to environmental agents such as hexavalent chromium. Cr(VI) exposure disrupts chromatin remodeling mechanisms and causes chromosomal damage through formation of free radicals, Cr-DNA adducts, and DNA-Cr-protein cross-links. In addition, acute, high-concentration, and chronic, low-concentration exposures to Cr(VI) lead to significantly different transcriptional and genomic stability outcomes. We used mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells to investigate how transcriptional responses to chromium treatment might correlate with structural chromatin changes. We used Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) analysis coupled with deep sequencing to identify regions of the genome that may switch between open and closed chromatin in response to exposure to varying Cr(VI) concentrations. At either Cr(VI) concentration, chromatin domains surrounding binding sites for AP-1 transcription factors become significantly open, whereas BACH2 and CTCF binding sites are open solely at the low and high concentrations, respectively. Parallel gene expression profiling using RNA-seq indicates that the structural chromatin changes caused by Cr(VI) affect gene expression levels in the target areas that vary depending on Cr(VI) concentration, but show no correlation between global changes in the overall transcriptional response and Cr(VI) concentration. Our results suggest that FAIRE may be a useful technique to map chromatin elements targeted by DNA damaging agents for which there is no prior knowledge of their specificity, and to identify subsequent transcriptomic changes induced by those agents. Citation: Ovesen JL, Fan Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Medvedovic M, et al. (2014) Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) Analysis Uncovers
Pharmacologic evidence for a parasympathetic role in seizure-induced neurocardiac regulatory abnormalities.

Abstract Purpose . We evaluated whether postictal cardiac arrhythmia can be prevented by pharmacologic blockage of peripheral muscarinic receptors in an experimental model of epilepsy in rats. Methods . Rats were prepared for chronic electrocardiograph recording and pretreated with atropine methyl bromide (2 or 10 mg/kg ip) or saline prior to exposure to maximal electroshock (MES). The resulting seizure severity and duration of cardiac arrhythmia were measured. Results . Atropine methyl bromide did not significantly affect seizure severity in comparison to control animals but reduced the arrhythmia at a dose of 2 mg/kg, and completely suppressed arrhythmia at 10 mg/kg. Conclusions . Postictal arrhythmia following MES-induced seizures may be blocked by pretreatment with atropine methyl bromide, a peripherally acting parasympatholytic agent. Our findings support previous observations that suggest strong participation of the parasympathetic system in postictal arrhythmia. This may be important for clinical suppression of cardiac arrhythmia in persons with uncontrolled epilepsy, who are at risk for sudden unexpected death.
Reciprocity Theorems in Various Theories of Diffraction

The Rayleigh–Sommerfeld solutions and the Luneburg–Severin–Vasseur and Severin–Vasseur solutions of diffraction problems are shown to satisfy certain reciprocity theorems in the case of a spherical incident wave. These new reciprocity theorems have very simple relations to those known in Kirchhoff’s theory of diffraction.
Access to Transportation and Health Care Utilization in a Rural Region

ABSTRACT: Context: Access to transportation to transverse the large distances between residences and health services in rural settings is a necessity. However, little research has examined directly access to transportation in analyses of rural health care utilization. Purpose: This analysis addresses the association of transportation and health care utilization in a rural region. Methods: Using survey data from a sample of 1,059 households located in 12 western North Carolina counties, this analysis tests the relationship of different transportation measures to health care utilization while adjusting for the effects of personal characteristics, health characteristics, and distance. Findings: Those who had a driver's license had 2.29 times more health care visits for chronic care and 1.92 times more visits for regular checkup care than those who did not. Respondents who had family or friends who could provide transportation had 1.58 times more visits for chronic care than those who did not. While not significant in the multivariate analysis, the small number who used public transportation had 4 more chronic care visits per year than those who did not. Age and lower health status were also associated with increased health care visits. The transportation variables that were significantly associated with health care visits suggest that the underlying conceptual frameworks, the Health Behavior Model and Hagerstrand's time geography, are useful for understanding transportation behavior. Conclusions: Further research must address the transportation behavior related to health care and the factors that influence this behavior. This information will inform policy alternatives to address geographic barriers to health care in rural communities.
A macroscopic yield criterion for crystalline polymers

Abstract Yield studies including uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression and biaxial stress states (developed with internally pressurized thin wall tubes) were conducted with high density polyethylene. The experimental results are compared with a predicted yield locus based upon a pressure-modified von Mises criterion. Agreement was quite reasonable although a slight degree of anisotropy was noted in the test material. Since this same yield criterion has earlier been shown to provide excellent agreement with glassy amorphous polymers it appears unnecessary to employ different criteria for different polymers if one is concerned with macroscopic yielding.
Scaling and management of fecal indicator bacteria in runoff from a coastal urban watershed in southern California.

This paper describes a series of field studies aimed at identifying the spatial distribution and flow forcing of fecal indicator bacteria in dry and wet weather runoff from the Talbert watershed, a highly urbanized coastal watershed in southern California. Runoff from this watershed drains through tidal channels to a popular public beach, Huntington State Beach, which has experienced chronic surf zone water quality problems over the past several years. During dry weather, concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria are highest in inland urban runoff, intermediate in tidal channels harboring variable mixtures of urban runoff and ocean water, and lowest in ocean water at the base of the watershed. This inland-to-coastal gradient is consistent with the hypothesis that urban runoff from the watershed contributes to coastal pollution. On a year round basis, the vast majority (>99%) of fecal indicator bacteria loading occurs during storm events when runoff diversions, the management approach of choice, are not o...
Motivations, Sacrifices, and Challenges: Black Parents' Decisions to Home School

This study examines home schooling among Black parents by providing insight to Black families’ beliefs, concerns, and desires for their children’s education. To date, the literature remains void of empirical work related to home education among African American families. However, the present study directly addresses this void. Findings demonstrated that parents’ motivations to home school included issues related to race and home-school interaction. In addition, Black parents reported that religious beliefs influenced their decisions to home school. But, unlike their Caucasian counterparts, Black home educators described a more liberatory form of religion.
Crude estimate of the number of quark flavors

Extending an argument due to Landau, we attempt to estimate the number of quark flavors in SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1), SU(3) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1), and SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1) models of weak interactions. Mass correction is crudely taken into account by assuming a semiempirical formula for quark masses ${m}_{n}\ensuremath{\sim}{3}^{n}{m}_{0}$. We suggest that with a large number of fermions the unification of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions may occur at a scale far below the Planck mass.
Means and Variances without Calculus.

Summary This article gives a method of finding discrete approximations to continuous probability density functions and shows examples of its use, allowing students without calculus access to the calculation of means and variances.
Reduced circuit modeling of mother board and package for a system power delivery analysis

An algorithm for generating a reduced circuit model of a multi-port power delivery network (PDN) is proposed. Compared to a macromodeling method, this algorithm creates a reduced model which is much simpler and uses only a small portion of CPU time during transient analysis for system power delivery. The algorithm uses an expanded Pi-network to easily visualize the internal branch connection impedances within the PDN. The reduced models efficiently replace the existing macromodels for the motherboard and package in a system analysis where the decoupling capacitors complement the band-limited nature of the reduced model.
Low temperature and peptides favor the formation of class I heterodimers on RMA-S cells at the cell surface.

Abstract RMA-S murine cells have a mutation that interferes with the assembly of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heterodimers and are deficient in the expression of class I molecules on the cell surface. The mutant phenotype has been reported to be normalized upon incubation of RMA-S cells at 25 degrees C. We find that much of the increased expression of class I heterodimers is dependent on culturing RMA-S cells in bovine serum or with purified bovine beta 2-microglobulin. Furthermore, epitopes that are associated with class I MHC molecules that have bound xenogeneic beta 2-microglobulin are preferentially formed on RMA-S cells cultured at 25 degrees C. These heterologous class I molecules are thermolabile. Increased expression of class I molecules has also been observed on RMA-S cells incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of class I-restricted peptides. We find that the increased expression of Db molecules induced by influenza virus nucleoprotein residues 365-380 is similarly dependent on culturing RMA-S cells in bovine serum or with purified bovine beta 2-microglobulin.
The Importance of Seeing Surface (Effects)

In this issue of Structure, Liu and colleagues describe an experimentally rigorous and innovative approach for understanding the role of membranes in the function and regulation of peripheral membrane proteins. This work is the beginning of a new era of experimental work that promises many advances relevant to molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of this important class of proteins.
IMPLICATIONS OF PRENATAL ULTRASOUND SCREENING IN THE INCIDENCE OF MAJOR GENITOURINARY MALFORMATIONS

Purpose: During the last 3 decades infant mortality has decreased nearly 50%. While neonatal intensive care deserves much of the credit, the recent increase in prenatal ultrasound from 33% of pregnancies in 1980 to 78% in 1987 has improved early detection. We evaluate the impact of prenatal ultrasound on major genitourinary malformations.Materials and Methods: Data obtained from the Malformations Surveillance Program at Brigham and Women’s Hospital between 1974 and 1994 tracked 163,431 pregnancies and termination rates of fetuses with spina bifida, bladder exstrophy, the prune belly syndrome and posterior urethral valves.Results: Hospital data revealed that pregnancy was electively terminated due to spina bifida in 65% of cases, posterior urethral valves in 46%, the prune belly syndrome in 31% and exstrophy in 25%.Conclusions: Clearly, surveillance programs and improved accuracy of prenatal ultrasound have allowed early diagnosis of major genitourinary malformations. Many factors influence decision making...
Acquisition of functional MHC class II/peptide complexes by T cells during thymic development and CNS-directed pathogenesis

This study provides evidence that both rat and mouse thymic and splenic T cells express significant levels of MHC class II glycoproteins (MHCII) in vivo. Derivation of rat and mouse chimeras revealed that a major source of MHCII on thymic T cells was acquired from radioresistant host APC. Expression of MHC on thymic T cells appeared physiologically relevant because presentation of rat myelin basic protein (RMBP) by nonadherent, radiosensitive thymic T cells was associated with the adoptive transfer of tolerance. Mature MBP-specific effector T cells isolated from the CNS in both rat and mouse models of EAE also expressed significant levels of MHCII. Adoptive transfer of activated B10.PL MBP/I-A(u)-restricted TCR transgenic T cells into F1(C57BL/6 x B10.PL) mice revealed acquisition of allogeneic I-A(b) on encephalitogenic CNS-derived T cells. Overall, this study indicates that immature and mature T cells in rats and mice acquire functional MHCII in vivo during thymic development and pathogenic inflammation.
Along-axis gravity gradients at mid-ocean ridges: Implications for mantle flow and axial morphology

Along-axis gradients in mantle Bouguer anomalies (MBAs) were calculated for detailed gravity surveys at the Southwest, Central, and Southeast Indian ridges with half-spreading rates of 0.9, 2.3, and 3.1 cm/yr, respectively. MBA gradients at the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge are 0.4–0.7 mgal/km, similar to the gradients found at the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, whereas gradients at the Central Indian and Southeast Indian ridges are 0.2–0.35 mgal/km. The results of this study, when combined with other published data, show that axial MBA gradients at ridge segments with an axial high are about 0.1 mgal/km, independent of spreading rate. Gradients at segments with a median valley are higher and generally decrease with increasing spreading rate. The spreading-rate–independent MBA gradient at ridge segments with an axial high represents the mantle gravity signal due to the focusing of upwelling within segments. The larger gravity gradients at segments with an axial valley result from the superposition of intrasegment variations in crustal thickness on this mantle signal. The consistent relation between along-axis MBA gradient and across-axis axial morphology suggests that the axial morphology is related to the efficiency of along-axis transport of melt.
Customer and shareholder development: targeting do-it-yourself investors.

ABSTRACT Many investors are turning to do-it-yourself investing to take greater control of their personal financial affairs. For those interested in self-directed investing in the hospitality and travel industries, Direct Stock Purchase programs (DSPs), Dividend Reinvestment programs (DRIPs), and American Depository Receipts (ADRs) offer many attractive benefits to shareholders. Every shareholder is a potential customer and every customer is a potential shareholder. As such, direct investing programs are becoming an important part of a firm's integrated marketing communications effort. Such programs represent an investment in both customer and shareholder development. Investment programs of participants in the hospitality and travel industries are examined here.
Medical Disaster: Why Ken Mattingly Can't Have Measles in Apollo 13.

The film Apollo 13 depicts denial of illness and refusal of health care as key components of American masculinity. In the film, male astronauts and mission controllers deny vulnerability to measles and to urinary infections, as well as the need to sleep, to prove their manliness. This is symbolized by their ridicule of flight surgeon Dr. Chuck. Conversely, the astronauts’ wives are depicted admitting vulnerability, especially insomnia. Thus, the film exploits and reinforces existing strands of American culture that view admission of illness and help-seeking as appropriate for women but not men, reinforcing denial and noncompliance as desirable male behaviors.
Comparison of treatment efficacy and stability of microbial populations between raw and anaerobically treated liquid pig manure, using PCR-DGGE and 16S sequencing.

The effects of adding an adapted inoculum to liquid pig manure (LPM) prior to anaerobic digestion were evaluated by standard analytical methods. In parallel, the phylogenetic diversity of the microbial community of raw and anaerobically digested pig manure was studied by both denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gas production, volative fatty acid production, removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand, and removal of volatile soluble solids were measured on raw and on inoculated liquid pig manure subjected to anaerobic digestion. DGGE profiles of 16S rRNA genes were used to compare the major elements of the bacterial community composition in raw LPM with those present under various incubation conditions. Major bands were excised and sequenced to gain insight into the identities of the bacterial populations from LPM treated under different conditions. The results show that the addition of an adapted inoculum did no...
Heterogeneous Reactions in Liquid Sulfuric Acid: HOCl + HCl as a Model System

We describe detailed studies of the interaction of HCl and HOCl with 60 wt % liquid sulfuric acid at 251−276 K as an example of research aimed at understanding the heterogeneous chemistry of the stratosphere. The theory of gas/particle kinetics coupled with measurements of the uptake of HCl and HOCl by bulk and particulate 60 wt % sulfuric acid yield the solubilities of HCl and HOCl, the HCl and HOCl mass accommodation coefficients, the HCl + HOCl liquid-phase rate coefficient, and the HOCl liquid-phase diffusion coefficient. These results are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions and extrapolations of other independent results.
Religiosity and locus of control of adolescent cancer patients.

In an effort to assess religious beliefs and locus of control in adolescent oncology patients, the Faulkner-DeJong Religiosity and Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scales were administered to 28 adolescent cancer patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The adolescent cancer patients endorsed religiosity items at a level comparable to that of college students. Over-all, the majority of adolescent patients practiced their religion and indicated that this provided support by offering security in the face of death and by helping them understand and accept their experience. There were no significant relationships among any of the religiosity subscales or degree of use of religion as a secondary source of control and locus of control scores for adolescent cancer patients. Religiosity subscale scores and locus of control scores did not differ significantly as a function of sex, age, religion, or time since diagnosis. In contrast to established norms, locus of control scores were not significantly...
Problem-Centered Approach in a Numerical Methods Course

This paper is an illustration of using a problem-centered approach in an undergraduate course in numerical methods. The problem used in the course was first encountered in a research project that related to the assembly procedure of the fulcrum of bascule bridges. It involved the study of the fulcrum assembly procedure where a trunnion cooled in a dry-ice/alcohol mixture for shrink fitting became stuck halfway in the hub before full insertion could take place. The solution of the problem and its implementation involved numerical solutions of mathematical procedures taught in a typical numerical methods course. The effect of the problem-centered approach in the classroom was quantitatively and qualitatively surveyed over a two-semester period. The results indicate very high student satisfaction in helping them: acquire basic knowledge and skills; reinforce information presented in class, reading assignments, and problem sets; learn to clearly formulate a specific problem and then work it through to complet...
Amos 1:3–2:8 and the International Economy of Iron Age II Israel

Past historical-critical research into Amos 1–2 has typically relied on one of two strategies in relating the historical Amos's identity as a prophet to the authority and scriptural status of the book. In the first strategy, many interpreters have detected in these eight stanzas allusions to and descriptions of particular political relations, economic contexts, or military engagements, supposing that such correlations secure the book's roots in the eighth century b.c.e. Such chronological benchmarks, in turn, are implicitly thought to sustain the importance of Amos's prophetic identity—i.e., the Amos of Tekoa named in 1:1—in effect constituting the text's nature as scripture. A second, somewhat related strategy has centered on the reconstructed “original” or “secondary” status of certain passages. In this redaction-critical variation of the historical-critical endeavor, interpreters assume that an understanding of the text's chronological development can help to flesh out the picture of Israel's (and Judah's) developing theology or theologies. Again, this model tacitly accepts that prophetic identity plays an intimate and necessary role in the text's authenticity (and conversely, that redactional composition contributes to a passage's supposed “inauthenticity”) and also, therefore, in its authoritativeness within various temporally-constrained interpretive communities.
Can Pleural Effusions Cause Cardiac Tamponade

Pleural effusion(s) can increase the pressure of an otherwise insignificant pericardial effusion to a degree that can result in cardiac tamponade. The case histories presented here illustrate the importance of recognizing this phenomenon and altering our treatment algorithm to drain the pleural effusions instead of the pericardial collections.
On Plastic Collapse of Media With Random Yield Strength

This paper concerns the plastic collapse of an elastic/perfectly plastic medium with randomly variable yield strength under a fixed load. The yield strength is represented by a Gaussian random field of known statistical properties. Using the theorems of limit analysis and the methods of reliability theory, algorithms are developed for the computation of upper and lower bounds on the probability of plastic collapse. By varying the magnitude of the fixed load, bounds on the probability distribution function for the collapse load can be computed. Results are given for uniform pressure applied to a rectangular region of the surface of an elastic/plastic half-space. For the corresponding plane problem, results for the classical Hill and Prandtl failure mechanisms are compared. Three-dimensional results are found to differ significantly from those of the plane problem. Comparison is made with results of a previous approximate method for three-dimensional problems.