cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Driving with Parkinson's disease: More than meets the eye

This editorial considers the mainstay of modern life, driving an automobile. The author notes that most members of the United States society use the automobile as their primary source of transportation, and driving oneself is characterized as a critical feature of daily living. Driving even defines an individual's independence and competency, and driving cessation has been associated with depression and social isolation. The author then considers the issue of driving safety in neurologically-impaired individuals, including those people with such common and progressive degenerative diseases as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In addition to motor dysfunction, Parkinson's disease causes abnormalities in cognition, sleep regulation, autonomic function, visual processing, attention, and perception. The author concludes by questioning whether early identification and application of rehabilitation targeted to these patients would improve their driving performance and prolong their independence, without risking their safety and the safety of others.
Gastric cancer stem cells: A novel therapeutic target

Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of global cancer mortality. Multipotent gastric stem cells have been identified in both mouse and human stomachs, and they play an essential role in the self-renewal and homeostasis of gastric mucosa. There are several environmental and genetic factors known to promote gastric cancer. In recent years, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that gastric cancer may originate from normal stem cells or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells, and that gastric tumors contain cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are believed to share a common microenvironment with normal niche, which play an important role in gastric cancer and tumor growth. This mini-review presents a brief overview of the recent developments in gastric cancer stem cell research. The knowledge gained by studying cancer stem cells in gastric mucosa will support the development of novel therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
The Social Policy Construction of Special Education: The Impact of State Characteristics on Identification and Integration of Handicapped Children

This article presents the results of a study that examined the relationships between specific state level financial and demographic characteristics and variability in the identification and degree of mainstreaming of mildly handicapped students. Results of this investigation indicate that much of the variance among states in terms of numbers of handicapped students and LD students identified and use of special versus mainstreamed placement is accounted for by the amount of financial resources states and locals commit to education, a state's minority enrollment, and the number of children living in poverty.
Ethnic personal names and multiple identities in Anglophone Caribbean speech communities in Latin America

This study investigates the generation and maintenance of multiple personal names in an Anglophone Creole-speaking community of Panama. Nearly every Afro-Panamanian resident of the island of Bastimentos has two given names, one Spanish-derived and the other Creole-derived. The Creole or "ethnic name" is virtually the exclusive name used locally for reference and address. It is argued that these ethnic names are preferred for reference and address because they reflexively define who members of this speech community are in terms of culture and ancestry. A typology of nicknames and pseudonyms as well as a brief cross-cultural presentation of multiple or alternative personal names is provided. Ethnic name usage in Bastimentos is discussed within an acts of identity framework. (Creole, Panama, ethnicity, nicknames, pseudonyms, identity, onomastics)*
Scene reconstruction from multiple cameras

This paper reviews a number of previously developed stereo matching algorithms and representations. It focuses on techniques that are especially well suited for stereoscopic and 3-D imaging applications such as novel view generation and the mixing of live imagery with synthetic computer graphics. The paper reviews some approaches to the classic problem of recovering a depth map from two or more images. It then describes a number of newer representations (and their associated reconstruction algorithms), including volumetric representations, layered plane-plus-parallax representations, and multiple depth maps.
The fog that was not

In macroscopic systems, we can use classical mechanics to describe an object’s motion with precise knowledge of where the object is and where it is going. But the microscopic world is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics, which rob us of this precision. We can no longer simultaneously predict the object’s position and momentum, or its energy measured over a finite period of time. We accommodate this by recognizing two of the most powerful and yet indigestible concepts: the uncertainty principle and the particle–wave duality of matter.
Eimeria leucopi n. sp., a Coccidium from the Deer Mouse Peromyscus leucopus*

Eimeria leucopi n. sp. (Sporozoa) is described from oocysts in the feces of the deer mouse Peromyscus leu-copus (Rafinesque) taken in the vicinity of Durham, North Carolina. The oocysts are ellipsoidal, occasionally ovoid, and rarely round, 14-24 ± 14 - 21 μ, mean of 19.2 ± 16.8 μ. Length-width index 1.0 to 1.37, mean of 1.13. Micropyle absent. Oocyst wall composed of 2 layers. Clear residual bodies present. Sporocysts 11.5 - 14.0 ± 6.5 - 8.0 μ, mean 12 0 ± 6.8 μ Stieda body present. Minimum sporulation time about 74-hours, sporulation range about 54 hours. Prepatent period 5 or 6 days with a 6 day patent period. Although the intensity of infection was light in all naturally infected hosts, the incidence of infection ranged from 16.6 to 71.9%E. leucopi could not be transferred to the sympatric golden mouse P. nuttalli.
Severe viral pneumonia in young adults.

Three patients with primary group-A influenzal pneumonia had diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, arterial oxygen tensions (PaO2) less than 50 mm Hg while breathing oxygen at 1 atm (fractional concentration of oxygen in the inspired gas [FI02] = 1.0), and right-to-left pulmonary shunts greater than 45 percent of total pulmonary blood flow. At an FI02 of 1.0, end-expiratory pressure (EEP) was added in increments of 2 to 5 cm H2O every 30 to 60 minutes until the PaO2 was above 200 mm Hg and right-to-left shunting had fallen to less than 25 percent. The FI02 was then lowered to 0.5. Using this systematic approach, all three patients required an FI02 of 1.0 for less than 12 hours, minimizing the risk of oxygen toxicity. Two of the three patients did not require mechanical ventilation and breathed spontaneously while on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and one of them tolerated an EEP of 31 cm H2O. Two patients survived, and one died of a neurologic complication of cardiopulmonary arrest, despite clearing on the chest x-ray film and improved gas exchange. Therapy with CPAP can be safely used in adults and has practical as well as theoretic benefits over continuous positive-pressure ventilation.
Strength training can improve steadiness in persons with essential tremor.

We evaluated the effect of a strength-training program on the ability of persons with essential tremor to exert steady forces with the index finger. Thirteen subjects with a diagnosis of essential tremor were assigned to three different groups: one group trained with heavy loads, one with light loads, and one did not perform any training. Subjects attempted to generate steady contractions during both postural and constant-force tasks. Steadiness was quantified by the root mean square amplitude of acceleration during postural tasks and the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of force during the constant-force tasks. Subjects who performed the training program with heavy loads experienced an increase in steadiness around the target force during the constant-force tasks. Subjects in the other two groups did not exhibit any changes. These findings suggest that strength training can decrease the magnitude of tremor. However, we did not observe any associated improvements in functional abilities.
Radiobiology of stereotactic body radiation therapy/stereotactic radiosurgery and the linear-quadratic model.

Received Feb 26, 2013, and in revised form Mar 11, 2013. Accepted for publication Mar 12, 2013The validity of the linear-quadratic (LQ) model for calculatingisoeffect doses in radiation therapy has been intensivelydebated in recent issues of the International Journal of Radi-ation Oncology, Biology, Physics (1-3).TheLQmodelissimple and convenient, and by far it has been the most usefulmeans for isodose calculation in treating tumors with conven-tional fractionated radiation therapy (2-4). The LQ modelsolely depends on the expected incidence of direct interactionsof radiation with speciﬁc cellular targets (ie, DNA strands).Because the LQ survival curve continuously bends downwardwith increasing radiation dose, many assume that the LQcalculation will inherently overestimate cell death caused byhigh-dose-per-fraction radiation therapy. Interestingly, however,clinical results have shown that the LQ model actually under-estimates tumor control by stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (5), indicating thatmechanism(s) in addition to DNA strand breaks and/or chro-mosome aberrations may be involved in response of tumors toSBRT or SRS. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that SBRTor SRS may cause signiﬁcant vascular damage in tumors,leading to indirect cell death (5, 6). We have recently reviewedprevious studies on the radiation-induced vascular damage intumors and pointed out the potentially important role of indi-rect/necrotic cell death due to the vascular damage in tumorcontrol with SBRT and SRS (7). We further discussed theradiobiological principles of SBRT and SRS in relation toradiation-induced vascular damage and resultant indirect celldeath (8). Interestingly, some 35 years ago we (C.W.S. andS.H.L.) realized that irradiation of rodent tumors with 10-20Gy in a single dose caused severe vascular injury, leading tonecrotic cell death in signiﬁcant fractions of tumor cells 2 to 3days after the treatment (9, 10). Figure 1 summarizes theobservations we made on the effects of 10 Gy (1000 rads) ofx-rays in a single dose on the clonogenic surviving cells inWalker 256 rat tumors (10). The surviving cell fraction, asmeasured with an in vivoein vitro excision method, wasapproximately 2.6 10
Genetics of Human Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases

During the past 5 years considerable progress has been made in the elucidation of the biochemical genetics of human alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) and human aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH). In particular, progress has been made in determining the number of gene loci coding for these enzymes and the tissue distribution of the enzymes. In addition, a number of allelic variants of specific forms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases have been described. Studies have been done on different population groups to determine the frequencies of some of these variants. The relationship of the presence of variant forms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases to altered alcohol tolerance has been investigated. Efficient procedures for purifying alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases have been defined. As a result, detailed studies on the kinetics of separated isozymes and amino acid sequence determinations have been possible. To date, complete amino acid sequence data have been obtained for three ADH isozymes and one ALDH isozyme, while partial amino acid sequence data have been published on a second ALDH isozyme. Antibodies to specific forms of aldehyde dehydrogenase have been used to determine the nature of the genetic variation in mitochondrial ALDH.
Wild-Type Measles Virus is Intrinsically Dual-Tropic

Measles is a highly contagious disease that causes temporary and severe immunosuppression in patients. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) expressed on cells of the immune system functions as a receptor for measles virus (MV). In addition to SLAM, vaccine strains of MV also use a ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein, CD46, as a receptor, whereas wild-type (wt) MV strains do not use this receptor. However, recent studies have indicated that SLAM is not the sole receptor for wt MV strains. These strains have an intrinsic ability to enter both immune and epithelial cells using distinct receptor binding sites in their hemagglutinin (H) protein. Recently, a clear answer was obtained through the identification of an epithelial MV receptor, nectin4, expressed at adherens junctions, thereby greatly improving our knowledge of MV receptors. It is now clear that MV specifically targets two cell types, immune cells and epithelial cells, using SLAM and nectin4, respectively. MV loses the ability to use either SLAM or nectin4 when it possesses specific mutations in the H protein. However, nectin4-blind MV still infects SLAM-positive immune cells efficiently (SLAM-tropic), and conversely, SLAM-blind MV infects nectin4-positive epithelial cells efficiently (nectin4-tropic). In this regard, MV is intrinsically dual-tropic to immune cells and epithelial cells. Although many aspects and molecular mechanisms underlying immunosuppressive effects and a highly contagious nature of MV still remain to be elucidated, analyses of physiological functions of these two receptors would provide deep insights into MV pathogenesis.
Do biologic markers predict cardiovascular end points in diabetic end-stage renal disease? A prospective longitudinal study

Background. Diabetic patients on hemodialysis are at high risk of death from cardiovascular disease, and research has suggested that various biologic markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and hemostasis may give added value to clinical information for predicting cardiovascular event (CVE)-free survival. This information could be particularly important in evaluating this population for renal transplant, given the scarcity of organs. We hypothesized that in diabetic patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) these biologic markers would prove useful in predicting event-free follow-up in a prospective study. Methods. One hundred and fifty diabetic (76 type 1, 74 type 2) and 27 non-diabetic stable RRT patients were followed for 0.04–13.69 years for CVE (myocardial infarction, coronary arterial intervention, peripheral arterial bypass or amputation, cerebrovascular accident or carotid artery intervention), cardiac and all-cause mortality. Measured biologic markers of inflammation included the following: Il-6, C reactive protein, fibrinogen; of hemostasis: fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), fibrinolytic activity, von Willebrand factor VII (vWF), platelet-selectin, viscosity and of oxidative stress: advanced glycated end products and antibody to oxidized low-density lipoprotein. For each, upper versus lower tertiles were compared for duration of event-free follow-up. Results. Cardiovascular events prior to study entry occurred in 51.3% of DM1, 54.0% of DM2 and 25.9% of DM0 patients. Subsequent cardiovascular events were noted in 31.6% of DM1, 45.9% of DM2 and 11.1% of DM0 patients. All mean levels of biologic markers at baseline were abnormal (P < 0.05). Conclusions. In this RRT population, all biologic marker levels except PAI did not improve clinical prediction of events.
Economic Development is Human Development

We are so used to the notion of economic development as providing us an abundance of material comforts that to claim “Economic Development is Human Development” seems to be a reversal of reality.1 Yet the claim is a necessary one because the profusion of goods are only the outward manifestation of a process signifying a particular form of human development. The most accurate characterization of economic development is to state that it lies in the mind.
Managing the change to an automated office: lessons from five case studies

Office automation has arrived. Traditional office functions such as dispersal of mail and typing have become electronic mail and word processing. Automation of these functions is typically undertaken to reduce labor costs and to improve quality in communication and text preparation. Not only have traditional office functions been computerized, but automation is creating new tasks for the office; for example, strategic human resource planning via human resource information systems and materials requirement planning for just‐in‐time inventory systems. Office technology has changed, and with it, office functions.
Emotion and reason in persuasion: Applying the ARI model and the CASC Scale☆

Abstract Whereas practitioners in advertising and marketing clearly appreciate the importance of affect and emotion, traditional academic approaches to the analysis of persuasion tend to stress rational “central route” or “systematic” processing. However, the notion of two sorts of cognitive process—one rational, the other affective—has gained increasing support. This paper presents a view of the conceptualization and operationalization of the interaction of affect and reason based upon MacLeans's triune theory of the brain, distinguishing reptilian, individualist and prosocial biological emotions, as well as “higher level” social, cognitive and moral emotions. The interactive role of affect and reason in involvement is described by the affect–reason–involvement (ARI) model, and emotions are operationalized by versions of the Communication via Analytic and Syncretic Cognition Scale (CASC Scale) tuned to the requirements of a given area of investigation. Examples of studies analyzing emotional factors in response to common consumer products and condom use/nonuse are presented.
A structural model for elongation factor 1 (EF-1) and phosphorylation by protein kinase CKII

EF-1α binds aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome with the hydrolysis of GTP; the βγδ complex facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP to initiate another round of elongation. To examine the subunit structure of EF-1 and phosphorylation by protein kinase CKII, recombinant β, γ, and δ subunits from rabbit were expressed in E. coli and the subunits were reconstituted into partial and complete complexes and analyzed by gel filtration. To determine the availability of the β and δ subunits for phosphorylation by CKII, the subunits and the reconstituted complexes were examined as substrates for CKII. Formation of the nucleotide exchange complex increased the rate of phosphorylation of the β subunit and reduced the Km, while addition of α to β or the βδ complex inhibited phosphorylation by CKII. However, a had little effect on phosphorylation of δ. Thus, the β and δ subunits in EF-1 were differentially phosphorylated by CKII, in that phosphorylation of β was altered by association with other subunits, while the site on δ was always available for phosphorylation by CKII. From the availability of the subunits for phosphorylation by CKII and the composition of the reconstituted partial and complete complexes, a model for the subunit structure of EF-1 consisting of (α2βγ2δ)2 is proposed and discussed. (Mol Cell Biochem 191: 181–186, 1999)
Electron microscope studies of frozen-substituted marine eggs. I. Conditions for avoidance of intracellular ice crystallization.

Eggs of the marine clam Spisula solidissima were examined by the technique of freeze-substitution. Morphology of the cytoplasm was investigated as a function of cellular water content using osmotic means to control water concentration. In eggs frozen in less than double strength sea water, ice crystallization usually occurred throughout the cell. In eggs frozen in double to triple strength sea water, 10–75% of the eggs were devoid of ice crystals in the cytoplasm and in triple strength sea water, also in the nucleus. From these results and from a detailed analysis of cells in which both ice crystals and ice crystal-free regions occurred it is concluded that cells or parts of cells may be frozen free of ice crystals if their free water content is reduced. Reduction in free water content may occur in several ways: deliberate dehydration by osmotic means; accidental dehydration by evaporation of water from cells prior to freezing; osmotic dehydration of one region by an adjacent one in which ice crystallization is in progress. In ice crystal-free cells, all common cell inclusions could be recognized.
Predictors of Disclosure During Medical Evaluation for Suspected Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT The extent and nature of a child's disclosure of sexual abuse is an important component of the medical diagnosis. This study examined the frequency of disclosure of abuse by (he alleged victim, as well as the child, examiner, and case characteristics that might influence disclosure. One goal was to understand how our medical examination protocol might impede or encourage the child to disclose victimization. All records for 179 children who received an examination for sexual abuse during the period from July 1, 1991 through June 30, 1992 were reviewed. Data were abstracted about demographics, interviewer identity, the alleged acts, the alleged perpetrator, and family characteristics. The overall disclosure rate was 47%. Factors associated with child disclosure were child age, siblings in the home, perpetrator other than a biological parent, alleged oral-genital contact or penetration, previous disclosure, and interview conducted by the physician. The factors significant in regression analysis were...
Taking Chances With Strep Throat

A previously healthy 22-month-old male child presented in the summer to his pediatrician’s office with an acute febrile illness. Results of the physical examination were normal except for rhinorrhea, but because of the fever, the pediatrician performed a rapid antigen strep test. The test result was positive, and 10 days of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were prescribed. After 7 days on the antibiotic, the patient developed a diffuse, erythematous rash on his trunk and extremities; he was taken to the emergency department, where he was prescribed oral steroids for the rash. The following morning, his pediatrician diagnosed the rash as a drug reaction and discontinued the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and started azithromycin to complete the treatment course for group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis or “strep throat.” The following day, the patient’s rash became more widespread and pruritic. A third visit with the pediatrician was scheduled, and erythema multiforme was diagnosed. The patient was nontoxic appearing, but the pediatrician decided to admit him to complete the treatment course for strep throat along with possible intravenous steroids as therapy for the erythema multiforme. On admission, the patient was noted to have an impressive rash without oral or ocular involvement and was otherwise well-appearing. Ultimately, a tactful discussion with the admitting pediatrician revealed that the preferred course for all parties would be discontinuation of antibiotics and steroids, and the patient was then discharged from the hospital. In the practice of medicine, we should attempt to weigh the risks and benefits of each patient management decision. This particular case brings up various opportunities in which decisions might have been made differently if both the potential risks and benefits of the treatment were considered more explicitly. First, what were the chances that this child had strep throat? A positive rapid strep test result may indicate true infection or …
Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima Nagasaki were the culminating events of the Manhattan Project. As described in Chap. 7 training of crews to deliver the bombs began in the fall of 1944. Planning for the eventual use of the bombs in the sense of choosing targets considering wartime postwar strategic implications of such a radical new weapon also began to come under consideration by scientists politicians government advisors military officials at about the same time.
Paying for Long-Term Care

With an estimated 33 million Americans age 65 and older and more than 4 million age 85 and older, paying for long-term care is a national concern. In 2004, there were over 1.4 million nursing home residents. The demographics point to ever increasing numbers of older adults in need of care and assistance. The need for long-term care seems certain to increase in the years to come. While age alone does not equate with poor health, still, over 770,000 individuals age 85 or older reside in nursing homes. And adults age 85 or older are the most rapidly growing elderly age group. This article explores the various ways in which older individuals can pay for long-term care, including both public and private sources of payment.
Viewpoints AI

The Viewpoints AI installation attempts to create an interactive movement-based art experience that has minimal predefined instantial content. As opposed to focusing on designer-created content that reflects their specific view of an interactive experience, we have instead created a movement-based play space where interactors can freely dance with a virtual AI-based character named VAI, teaching it as they interact. VAI analyses interactor movements through procedural representations of the Viewpoints movement theory (from theatre and dance) and improvises responses as an equal collaborator from its past experience with people. VAI uses this procedurally and experientially realized content to present an engaging movement-based experience that any audience member can walk up to and immediately begin dancing with. The Viewpoints AI installation uses shadow theatre as inspiration for creating a liminal space for the projected AI character and an interactor's shadow to co-exist within a real / virtual space. Interactors step in front of a spotlight that projects their shadow onto a large muslin screen. VAI is also projected onto that same space. Viewpoints AI, thus builds on ancient and new media forms, creating an experience that is a playful - but coherent - expression between both the interactor and VAI.
An analysis of methods for the prediction of normal erythrocyte mass.

The ultimate value for any given measurement of vascular volume depends upon the criteria that define the normal range. Erythrocyte mass measurements were performed on 161 men and 81 women with a wide range of body sizes. Multiple predictive equations were evaluated to identify that equation which provided the best definition of normal with applicability to a routine clinical setting. Statistically-derived formulae for normal ranges, as well as tables defining these ranges, are provided.
Hemoglgbin Hew York (α2β2 113(G15) Valglu) in China

(1982). Hemoglgbin Hew York (α2β2 113(G15) Valglu) in China. Hemoglobin: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 61-67.
Chemical modification of mitochondria: I. Specific labeling by 2,4-dinitro-5-(bromo-[2-14C]acetoxyethoxy) phenol

Abstract The uncoupler dinitrobromoacetoxyethoxyphenol (DNBP) has been synthesized and found to label rapidly and specifically a small number of cysteine residues in rat liver mitochondria. The labeling reaction was essentially complete in a few minutes. Only eight of the mitochondrial polypeptide bands, of MW 97, 58, 52, 43, 30, 26, 22, 13 × 10 3 , respectively, as separated by SDS gel electrophoresis, were found to carry the radioactive label. In each case, the label which survived acid hydrolysis was covalently bound to cysteine residues through alkylation reaction. Under the present experimental conditions, only 0.45 mole of the label was covalently bound to mitochondrial protein per mole of cytochrome aa 3 and only 1 out of about 650 sulfhydryl groups was so labeled. Consideration of the specificity of the labeling and the observed time-dependence of DNBP-stimulated respiration suggests that the labeled protein molecules are either at or very close to the mitochondrial coupling sites and probably play an important role in the primary energy transduction process.
Research on "Point to Point" Learning Model on Formative Assessment in Open Education of CRTVU

Formative assessment is one of the most important methods of modern open education and teaching.It plays an important role in controlling teaching process and evaluating teaching results.The formative assessment,which brings into focus on students-centered self-learning,is a key link in teaching model of open education.The author summarizes the "point to point" learning model through teaching a lot of specialized courses of computer to help students pay more attention to the learning process and promote learning efficiency.
Extratubal ectopic pregnancies: Diagnosis and treatment

Extratubal gestations account for a disproportionate percentage of the serious morbidity and mortality attributable to ectopic gestations. While the relative rarity of these conditions makes them difficult to study, the available information may be useful in maximizing diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.
Lateral coupling faults in multi-ported register files and methods for their testing

This paper presents new fault models, test algorithms and simple DFT for testing a class of likely faults in multi-ported, word-organized register files.
Factors Influencing the Fermentation of Honey in Mead Production

SUMMARYAttempts were made to produce a good-flavoured mead by more rapid fermentation than is usual. Several wine yeasts were tested, and additives of two types, I composed mainly of inorganic salts and citric acid, and II with a wide spectrum of vitamins and small amounts of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds.Honeys varied in their fermentability, in general light honeys being more difficult to ferment than dark honeys. But addition of growth factors allowed all honeys tested to be fermented rapidly, yielding characteristic meads which had none of the unpleasant flavour associated with long (unaided) fermentation.A recommended procedure is described, which uses additives I + II and can give a dry or sweet mead (alcohol content 12% or 14–15%). Fermentation takes about 2 weeks without agitation. The production of mead champagne and mead sherry is also described.
Use of Mini Column in RP-HPLC for the Complete Primary Structure Determination of Proteins

Abstract Using a single mini ODS 5μm ultrasphere column (0.46 × 4.5 cm) and linear gradients of different solvents, all the aspects of protein structural analysis have been defined. The effectiveness of the system has been evluated by separating the α and β chains of hemoglobin and their tryptic peptides, then performing amino acid analysis and, finally, identifying the phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of amino acids.
Contextual Control of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Function: Implications for Engineered Tumor Models

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and, thus, are an attractive cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, ASCs can also differentiate into myofibroblasts, a cell type known to support tumorigenesis, yet the mechanisms underlying the myofibroblastic differentiation of ASCs and the resulting consequences on tumor pathogenesis are not well understood. This knowledge deficit is due, in part, to a lack of 3D culture models that capture the biological and physical heterogeneity of the microenvironment that influences ASC fate under both physiological and pathological conditions. Advanced biomanufacturing strategies offer new opportunities toward the generation of in vivo-like 3D culture environments that can help study how some of these conditions regulate ASC fate. This review discusses the pro-tumorigenic plasticity of ASCs in the tumor microenvironment as well as other disease contexts (e.g., obesity and aging) and highlights advanced biomanufacturing technologies ...
Magnetic latitude dependence of oxygen charge states in the global magnetosphere: Insights into solar wind‐originating ion injection

Understanding the sources and subsequent evolution of plasma in a magnetosphere holds intrinsic importance for magnetospheric dynamics. Previous studies have investigated the balance of ionospheric-originating heavy ions (low charge state) from those of solar wind origin (high charge state) in the magnetosphere of Earth. These studies have suggested a variety of entry mechanisms for solar wind ions to penetrate into the magnetosphere. Following from recently published distributions for oxygen charge states observed by the Polar spacecraft, this paper investigates oxygen charge state flux distributions versus L shell and magnetic latitude (MLAT). By showing these distributions in this frame, and binning by various proxies for magnetospheric dynamics (DST, AE, VSW∗BZ, Pdyn), insight has been gained into the underlying physics at play for oxygen injection. Ionospheric-originating oxygen is observed to depend predominantly on DST, whereas solar wind-originating oxygen is observed to have a strong dependence on solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) at the flanks and on VSW∗BZ at the dayside. This suggests that both Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and reconnection play major roles in solar wind ion penetration into a magnetosphere. Additionally, the near-Earth magnetotail reconnection site does not seem to be a major injection site of solar wind-originating plasma in the 1 to 200 keV/e energy range.
E-Learning and Individual Characteristics: The Role of Computer Anxiety and Communication Apprehension

Research has examined the role of technology in instruction and corporate training for over three decades. Advances in communication and computing technologies, coupled with the wide availability o...
Provoked Re-Emergence of Ischemic Cerebral Events (PRICE) Syndrome: Getting Concrete About a Common Clinical Belief (P1.189)

Objective: To examine and establish frequency of a type of stroke mimic commonly assumed clinically, but seldom studied empirically. Background: Clinicians commonly opine that in patients with an old stroke, new medical issues may provoke transient re-emergence of the original stroke symptoms, without causing new infarction. This might be termed “Provoked Re-emergence of Ischemic Cerebral Events” (PRICE) syndrome. Textbooks and teachers often make unreferenced claims that such events are well known, but little research has addressed how often, or under what circumstances, PRICE syndrome actually occurs. Methods: We retrospectively examined successive stroke codes in a University hospital setting. We identified when presenting symptoms were identical to those of a prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion weighted image (DWI) positive stroke within the last two years. For the new (i.e. 2 nd ) presentation, we recorded symptom duration, MRI diffusion result, and potential systemic provocations. Results: We identified 60 cases between 2006-2013. Of these, 35 had DWI+ strokes, 2 had electroencephalogram positive seizures. Of the remaining 23, 13 had symptoms lasting >24 hours, suggesting PRICE syndrome frequency of at least 13/60 (21.7[percnt]). Since some of the remaining cases could have been transient ischemic attacks, the upper limit of PRICE syndrome frequency was 23/60 (38.3[percnt]). The 13/60 likely PRICE syndrome cases more often had acute systemic issues (8/13, 61.5[percnt]; 5 had metabolic abnormalities, 3 had infections) compared to the 35/60 stroke cases (14/35, 40.0[percnt]; 10 had metabolic abnormalities, 4 had infections) (chi-square 30.73, p<0.005), suggesting that the 13/60 cases were truly PRICE syndrome and not DWI- infarcts. Such a conclusion also fits with literature showing that diffusion negative strokes usually present differently than a previous stroke. Conclusions: When patients present as an acute stroke code with symptoms identical to a previous stroke, the PRICE syndrome may explain 21.7-38.3[percnt] of cases. Disclosure: Dr. Shenker has received personal compensation for activities with Behavioral Medical Interventions. Dr. Dugyala has nothing to disclose.
Ketoprofen-induced photoallergic dermatitis

Drug-induced photosensitivity reactions are significant adverse effects. Ketoprofen is one of the most common drugs that can cause skin rash in sun-exposed areas. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketoprofen, are often used for a variety of symptoms, including pain and fever. An understanding of the presentation and clinical course of ketoprofen-induced photosensitivity is necessary to correctly diagnose and manage this condition. Ketoprofen-induced photosensitivity reactions usually present as photoallergic dermatitis, which is a cell-mediated immune process. The benzophenone moiety in ketoprofen plays a major role in ketoprofen's ability to act as a photosensitizer. Several agents, such as fenofibrate and octocrylene have been found to be associated with aggravation of ketoprofen-induced photoallergic dermatitis or cross-photosensitization, and these reactions result from structural similarities with ketoprofen. Treatment of ketoprofen-induced photoallergic dermatitis includes discontinuation of ketoprofen, topical or systemic corticosteroids and avoidance of sun exposure and agents known to exacerbate dermatitis. In conclusion, photoallergic dermatitis is a significant adverse effect of ketoprofen. Some agents known to worsen dermatitis may be found in sun protection products (notably, octocrylene in sunscreen). Educating the patient to avoid these products is critical to treatment. Since NSAIDs, such as ketoprofen, are used commonly for a variety of illnesses, drug-induced photoallergic dermatitis should be high on the differential in individuals using these medications who present with acute onset of a rash in sun-exposed areas.
The amino acid sequence of the Azotobacter vinelandii flavodoxin

Abstract The amino acid sequence of a group II flavodoxin, the Azotobacter vinelandii flavodoxin has been determined. The FMN-redox protein was shown to exist as a single polypeptide chain and to contain 179 amino acids. Despite the rather low amino acid sequence homology with the other flavodoxins sequenced, it is concluded that sequences of the group I and group II flavodoxins are homologous. The major differences between the group I and group II flavodoxins appears to be a lengthening in the C-terminal region in the group II flavodoxins.
Unconventional multi-fractured analytical solution using dual porosity model

Abstract Five-region linear flow system proved to be a useful model to reproduce the flow behavior for multi-fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs. In earlier developments, the model was assumed single-porosity throughout all five regions. However, assumption of single porosity system for stimulated region may promote errors in pressure transient analysis. So by adopting the existing mathematical models for naturally fractured reservoirs (dual-porosity system), one can apply the dual-porosity nature of flow in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). In this study the analytical solution for single-porosity model is reproduced and compared with numerical solution. Then the five-region model of previous studies is modified by implementing the dual porosity behavior in Laplace domain and compared to single-porosity solution using the same reservoir properties. Furthermore, a series of type-curves is constructed in this study using dimensionless properties, such as matrix-fracture capacity ratio and storativity ratio, hydraulic fracture conductivity, and hydraulic fracture half-length. Theses curves could provide valuable information to characterize the multi-fractured complex systems.
Is My Firm-Specific Investment Protected? Overcoming the Stakeholder Investment Dilemma in the Resource-Based View

The resource-based view posits that firms achieve competitive advantage from value creation through firm-specific investments held by key stakeholders: employees, suppliers, and customers. Sharehol...
A System for Autonomous Cross Country Navigation

Abstract Autonomous Cross-Country Navigation requires a system which can support a rapid traverse across challenging terrain while maintaining vehicle safety. This work describes a system for autonomous cross country navigation as implemented on the NavLab II, a computer-controlled off-road vehicle at Carnegie Mellon. The navigation software is discussed. The perception subsystem constructs digital maps of the terrain from range sensor data in real time. The planning subsystem uses a generate-and-test scheme to find safe trajectories through the map, and validates them through simulated driving. The planning process considers both kinematic and dynamic constraints on vehicle motion. The system was successful in achieving 300m autonomous runs on moderate terrain at speeds up to 4.25 m/s.
Relative Effects of Omission Training and Extinction Training in Obese Subjects

The present experiment compared the behavior of obese and normal weight subjects in a response suppression situation. Specifically, subjects were allowed to stabilize their response rate on an intermittent reinforcement schedule and then were switched to a response suppression phase in which either omission training or extinction training was in effect. No significant differences in the performance of the obese and normal weight individuals during the response suppression phase were obtained. The methodology employed also provided a test of Singh’s (1973) response-inhibition hypothesis, which states that obese individuals are deficient in the ability to inhibit habitual responses even when such responses are no longer appropriate. It follows from the response-inhibition hypothesis that the obese subjects should have performed less efficiently than the normal weight subjects during the response suppression phase. Since the results did not support this prediction, the present findings cast some doubt on the generality of the response-inhibition hypothesis.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of toe board energy-absorbing material for foot, ankle, and lower leg injury reduction.

ABSTRACTObjective: Since 2000, numerous improvements have been made to the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Incorporated (NASCAR®) driver restraint system, resulting in improved crash protection for motorsports drivers. Advancements have included seats, head and neck restraints (HNRs), seat belt restraint systems, driver helmets, and others. These enhancements have increased protection for drivers from severe crash loading. Extending protection to the driver's extremities remains challenging. Though the drivers’ legs are well contained for lateral and vertical crashes, they remain largely unrestrained in frontal and frontal oblique crashes.Method: Sled testing was conducted for the evaluation of an energy-absorbing (EA) toe board material to be used as a countermeasure for leg and foot injuries. Testing included baseline rigid toe boards, tests with EA material–covered toe boards, and pretest positioning of the 50th percentile male frontal Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device (ATD) lower ...
¡Circulen! El lenguaje de la arquitectura en circulación y como instrumento para la circulación

espanolSi bien la arquitectura pareciera tener un lugar secundario en la definicion de las infraestructuras urbanas, suavizando su dureza y apoyando su funcionalidad, este texto argumenta que pueden hacer mas que eso. El proyecto para el Metro de Milan, de Albini y Helg, permite observar que la arquitectura y el diseno pueden cimentar la funcion de las infrastructuras como instrumento de coordinacion cultural y articulacion social en la ciudad posfordista. EnglishAlthough architecture seems to have a minor role in the definition of urban infrastructures, softening its roughness and aiding its functionality, the following contribution argues it can do more than that. The project for the Milano subway by Albini and Helg shows that architecture and design can also ground the role of infastructures as instruments of cultural coordination and social articulation in the post-Fordist city
microRNA involvement in the onset and progression of Barrett’s esophagus: a systematic review

// Reilly J. Clark 1, * , Michael P. Craig 1, * , Sangeeta Agrawal 2 and Madhavi Kadakia 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2 Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Madhavi Kadakia, email: madhavi.kadakia@wright.edu Keywords: Barrett’s esophagus; microRNA; EAC; biomarker Received: October 27, 2016 Accepted: December 22, 2017 Published: January 11, 2018 ABSTRACT Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that develops from Barrett’s esophagus (BE), an intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus. microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding regulatory RNAs, are frequently dysregulated in BE and are thought to play key roles in the onset of BE and its progression to EAC. miRNAs thus have potential diagnostic and prognostic value and are increasingly being used as cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the current literature related to miRNAs that are dysregulated in BE within the context of Hedgehog, Notch, MAPK, NF kappa-B, Wnt and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling which are thought to drive BE onset and progression. This comprehensive analysis of miRNAs and their associated signaling in the regulation of BE provides an overview of vital discoveries in this field and highlights gaps in our understanding of BE pathophysiology that warrant further investigation.
In situ measurements of layer roughness during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using low coherence scanning interferometry

Abstract Layer-to-layer height measurements of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel using high speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) are presented. Layers are built up using an open architecture laser powder bed fusion machine while height measurements are made in-line along the process laser path following each layer print. Printed cubes, with and without an internal ‘overhang’ channel, were built to investigate the effect of scanning parameters on surface structure. Layer-to-layer scan rotation strategy significantly impacts surface roughness between layers which in turn can influence porosity. Spatter particles, which have been correlated with numerous defect modalities, generate high points in the powder bed and can persist on a melted surface for many layers. Laser power significantly affects overhang morphology, as measured by SD-OCT. Large dross occurs in the high energy density regime, while balling and a capillary-driven coalescence of unstable melt pools perpendicular to the scanning direction occurs in the low energy density regime. High fidelity powder-scale simulations of deep powder layers were used to further elucidate the underlying physics revealed by SD-OCT measurements and high speed imaging, yielding insight to defect formation mechanisms which can lead to improved process parameters.
Emerging themes in coping with lifetime stress and implication for stress management education.

Background:Adults with adverse childhood experiences and exposure to adverse life events experience a diverse array of physical, mental, and social health problems across their lifespan. Adult expo...