cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo properties of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-i (MCP- i) attracts monocytes, memory T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells in vitro. Its expression has been documented in disorders characterized by mono- nuclear cell infiltrates, suggesting that it may contrib- ute to the inflammatory component of such diseases as atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid ar- thritis. To prove a causal association, the in vivo prop- erties of MCP-1 must be understood. Several lines of transgenic mice have been constructed to address this question. A transgenic line in which MCP-1 expression is controlled by the MMTV-LTR expressed high levels of MCP-i in multiple organs but showed no evidence for monocyte infiltration. Instead, these mice were more susceptible to infection by the intracellular pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacte- rium tuberculosis. These mice had high serum levels of MCP-i, suggesting that their circulating monocytes may have been desensitized or that MCP-1 stimulated a Th2-dominant response. In contrast, another model in which MCP-1 expression was controlled by the in- sulin promoter demonstrated a monocytic infiltrate in pancreatic islets. These results indicate that MCP-i ex- pression at low levels in an anatomically confined area results in monocyte infiltration, suggesting that when properly expressed, MCP-i's in vitro properties are reproduced in vivo. This justifies the examination of MCP-i-deficient mice in disease models in order to ex- plore MCP-i's role in pathogenesis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62: 577-580; 1997.
Surface receptors of human neoplastic lymphoreticular cells.

The human lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias conventionally diagnosed and classified by morphologic methods are now being regarded as uncontrolled growth of the cellular components of the immune system. Under normal conditions the different cells in this system display certain surface properties which can be studied by appropriate methodology. The development of such methodology has stimulated the investigation of the surface characteristics of neoplastic lymphoreticular cells and a great deal of information has already been obtained in this area [5, 14, 19]. These studies are intended to elucidate the origins of the various neoplasias, to improve their current morphologic classification(s), to shed light upon their clinical behavior, and hopefully to suggest new therapeutic modalities.
Kurt Lewin’s Influence on Business Education

Kurt Lewin’s theoretical influence is very much in evidence in the curriculum and teaching practices of a great many business and administration programs of colleges and universities throughout the United States. This is particularly evident in course offerings in organization behavior, organization development and group dynamics. This paper will examine the nature of the Lewinian influence in terms of curriculum and course content. It will also look at teaching approaches and methodologies used in these courses, and organizations to which university management faculty influenced by Lewin belong.
Mammal Community Dynamics: Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America

C. J. Zabel, R. G. Anthony. 2003. Mammal Community Dynamics: Management and Conservation in the Coniferous Forests of Western North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, xxi + 709 pp. ISBN 0-521-00865-4, price (paper), $60.00. This interesting and valuable book evolved from a day-long symposium at the Annual Meeting of The Wildlife Society in 2000. The 42 authors are among the “who's who” in ecological work—both pure and applied—on mammals of western North American forests and woodlands; the 58 peer reviewers are an equally distinguished group. A brief foreword by wildlife biologist Jack Ward Thomas, former Chief of the United States Forest Service, argues that “… it is essential that [new knowledge on ecosystems] be packaged in technically appropriate and user-friendly ways so that it may be brought to bear on management and target new research efforts” (p. xvii). That sets a high standard. The stated geographical range of the book is from the Eastem Slope of the Rockies to the Pacific, and from the southwestem United States to northem Canada and Alaska. Miles Hemstrom's excellent review of Forests and Woodlands of Western North America is one of the chapters that meets this geographical challenge, but others do not. (A marginal heading seems to be missing on p. 24, so the account of ponderosa pine woodlands and forests is disguised within the account of pinon-juniper woodlands.) The book is divided into 3 parts. Management and Conservation Issues for Various Taxa (9 chapters). Community and Ecosystem Relations (6 chapters), and Conservation Issues and Strategies (5 chapters). The first chapter ( Introduction and Historical Perspective , by the editors plus J. Estes) raises some interesting questions that generally are ignored elsewhere in the book. For example, the Late Pleistocene-Holocene demise of two-thirds of the native mammalian megafauna means that the contemporary biota is very young and has developed in the presence of humans and …
Relation of body fat distribution to ischemic heart disease. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study.

Although an excess of adipose tissue in the abdominal and truncal regions is associated with various metabolic alterations, relatively few cohort studies have examined its importance in the development of ischemic heart disease, and little information is available from black populations. The authors examined the relation of central obesity, as characterized by a thick subscapular skinfold relative to the triceps skinfold, to the incidence of ischemic heart disease among 9,822 persons in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I ; baseline data were collected in 1971-1975 and follow-up was through 1987. We found that, independently of relative weight, cigarette smoking, and other covariates, the hazard rate ratios for ischemic heart disease incidence contrasting the upper and lower quintiles of central obesity were 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.3) among women and 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.2) among men. Although central obesity was related similarly to disease among white and black men, the association among women differed between whites (rate ratio = 1.94) and blacks (rate ratio = 0.73) ; p = 0.002 for race x the central obesity product term. Additional research is needed to clarify the relation of various anthropometric measurements to ischemic heart disease, particularly among blacks, but the assessment of fat distribution may help identify high-risk persons for whom weight loss might be most beneficial. Am J Epidemiol 1995 ;142 :53-63.
Study of Humoral Factors Regulating the Production of Leukocytes. I. Demonstration of a Neutropoietin in the Plasma after Administration of Triamcinolone to Rats

Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I. Rats given the triamcinolone daily by gastric catheter all developed neutrophilia accompanied by lymphopenia. Group II. Rats given daily intraperitoneal injections of plasma from normal rats manifested no significant alteration in the peripheral blood elements. Group III. Rats given daily intraperitoneal injections of plasma from rats given triamcinolone invariably developed neutrophilia without lymphopenia. Studies of the bone marrow of these groups at the end of the experiments revealed increased myeloid:erythroid ratios in Groups I and III but not II. It is therefore believed that this experiment suggests the existence of a neutrophilia-promoting factor in the plasma following the administration of triamcinolone.
Relation of Acetyl Choline to Anaphylactic Shock in the Rabbit.

SummaryNo direct evidence could be found to support the view that acetyl choline is released into the blood stream in detectable amounts in anaphylactic shock in the rabbit.
SRSD in Practice: Creating a Professional Development Experience for Teachers to Meet the Writing Needs of Students with EBD:

Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is one of the most effective writing interventions (Graham, McKeown, Kiuhara, & Harris, 2012) and has improved the writing skills of students with emotional and behavior disorders (EBD). Practice-based professional development (PBPD) has been effective for teaching participants how to implement SRSD with fidelity. Through a review of prior studies, analysis of a small qualitative sample, and reflection on anecdotal notes from recent PBPD implementations, suggestions on how to implement PBPD to make the experience richer for teachers and improve outcomes for students, including those with EBD, are provided.
Synergism of Insecticides Against Susceptible and Pyrethroid-Resistant Tobacco Budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Amitraz

The synergistic activity of amitraz was examined in laboratory tests with neonate-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant tobacco budworms, Heliothis vinlscens (F.). Synergism occurred with both strains and was greater with resistant neonates. Addition of piperonyl butoxide increased synergism in both strains; a greater increase occurred in the resistant strain. SN 49484 base ( N ′-[2,4-dimethylphenyl]- N -methylformamidine), the probable active metabolite of amitraz, was similar to amitraz in synergistic activity. A 1:1 mixture of amitraz-SN 49844 was more synergistic than either formamidine alone. Field tests demonstrated synergism of cyperrnethrin and an acephate-endosulfan combination by amitraz against H. virescens larvae in cotton plant terminals. A mixture ofcypermethrin with amitraz and piperonyl butoxide was synergistic late in the cotton growth season when pyrethroid resistance was widespread in field populations of tobacco budworms.
Immunization to prevent group B streptococcal disease: victories and vexations.

The prevention of serious human infection through immunization is a notable achievement in the history of medicine. This triumph can be claimed by men and women with diverse expertise-medicine, epidemiology, microbiology, virology, immunology, chemistry, business, law, and politics-and, perhaps most important, by at-large members of society who eagerly accepted new interventions for themselves and for their children. Data concerning the prevalence of and mortality and morbidity from infections such as tetanus, diphtheria, and poliomyelitis document their decline and near disappearance following the introduction of safe and effective vaccines. Between 1930 and 1965 as vaccines for tetanus, diphtheria, and polio became available, even pregnant women were routinely immunized, possibly reflecting a perception by both medicine and society that the anticipated benefit far outweighed concerns for potential but unlikely adverse effects in the mother or developing fetus. Even now that these diseases are rarities, there is no dispute concerning the ongoing necessity for universal immunization as a means for their continued control [1]. By contrast, no consensus prevails regarding immunization as a method for preventing invasive infections caused by group B streptococci (GBS). Like so many issues in medicine, this may reflect public awareness and timing rather than insufficient scientific progress. Group B streptococcal disease exploded on the scene in the early 1970s [2]. Previously, Lancefield GBS or Streptococcus agalactiae was not acknowledged as a human pathogen by standard textbooks of microbiology and medicine. Today no one would dispute its importance as a perinatal pathogen, not only in the USA [3] but in other Western nations and perhaps in developing countries [4]. Systemic GBS infection during the first 2 months of life (congenital pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis) continues to afflict ~3 per 1000 live births [3, 5], resulting in an estimated 11,000 cases annually in the USA. Many of these infants die or have permanent neurologic sequelae (estimated at 2500 and 1350, respectively) [2, 3]. Pregnancy-related morbidity (urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis, early postpartum endometritis and bacteremia,
Simultaneous Resettable WI from One-way Functions.

In this short note, we demonstrate that the existence of one-way functions implies the existence of an ω(1)-round simultaneously resettable witness indistinguishable argument of knowledge.
Ultrasound guided percutaneous renal biopsy using an automatic core biopsy system

AbstractWith real-time ultrasound visualization and an automatic core biopsy system 23 percutaneous renal biopsies were performed with the use of local anesthesia in 22 patients. Adequate tissue for diagnosis was obtained in all 23 cases, with 1 patient undergoing bilateral renal biopsy and 1 requiring repeat biopsy. One patient had an asymptomatic perirenal hematoma and 1 experienced a single episode of transient gross hematuria. There were no major complications. The use of an automatic core biopsy system guided by real-time ultrasound is an important technique that may be added to the urological armamentarium.
The NHLBI SMARTT Program A Novel Approach to Facilitate Translational Research for Heart, Lung and Blood Diseases

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), one of 27 institutes/centers within the National Institutes of Health, has a strong interest in promoting translational research. This can be traced to its mission statement, which reads in part: “The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute stimulates basic discoveries about the causes of disease, enables the translation of basic discoveries into clinical practice, fosters training and mentoring of emerging scientists and physicians, and communicates research advances to the public” (http://www.nhlbi.gov/about/org/mission). Each year, the NHLBI invests more than $3 billion to support research, training, and education programs to promote the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders. More than two thirds of this investment is allocated to investigator-initiated research, spanning the continuum from discovery through preclinical and clinical studies. For more than a decade, the need for targeted programs to foster translational research, including investigational new drug (IND)–enabling research activities, has been recognized by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) leadership. As summarized in Table 1, the first of these was initiated in 2004 to provide production assistance for regenerative cell preparations (Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies). A second program was launched in 2007 to support gene therapy research (Gene Therapy Resource Program), and these were followed by additional programs to support translation of promising discoveries from laboratory to clinic: Science Moving Towards Research Translation and Therapy (SMARTT) in 2010; National Institutes of Health Centers for Accelerated Innovations in 2011; and Vascular Interventions/Innovations and Therapeutic Advances in 2013. Then in 2014, (1) the Centers for Advanced Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics in Lung Diseases was funded to accelerate the development of novel products to treat lung diseases and sleep-disordered breathing; and (2) the Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science was formed to address gaps …
Case 2: Acute Respiratory Distress and Facial Petechiae in a 4-month-old Boy

1. Alpa Patel Shah, DO* 2. Mary Lu Angelilli, MD* 1. *Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI. A 4-month-old twin infant boy presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 10-hour history of increased work of breathing, poor feeding, and decreased activity. Prior to arrival, the patient’s mother administered 2 albuterol treatments via nebulizer, which helped transiently. Then she took the child to his pediatrician’s office, where he was given an additional albuterol treatment and subsequently referred to the ED for persistent respiratory distress. The infant has had 2 hospital admissions for bronchiolitis. His parents deny any history of fever, cough, wheezing, runny nose, or vomiting. His twin brother remains asymptomatic. In the ED, the child is alert but tachypneic, with intercostal and subcostal retractions and nasal flaring. His initial vital signs include a temperature of 37.8°C (100°F), heart rate of 174 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 34 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 111/53 mm Hg, and pulse oximetry of 80% in room air. He weighs 4.8 kg (less than the third percentile). Findings on physical examination include a reddish discoloration on both sides of the neck and petechiae on the right cheek. A subconjunctival hemorrhage is also noted in the right eye. His lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally, without wheezing, stridor, rales, or crackles, despite persistent and …
Demonstration of DCE-MRI as an early pharmacodynamic biomarker of response to VEGF Trap in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor characterized by the expression of pro-angiogenic cytokines. A recent phase II clinical trial studied VEGF Trap in adult patients with temozolomide-resistant GBM. We sought to explore changes in [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in trial participants correlating these changes with disease response. FDG-PET and MRI images obtained before and after the first dose of VEGF Trap were spatially co-registered. Regions of interest on each image slice were combined to produce a volume of interest representative of the entire tumor. Percent and absolute changes in maximum FDG-avidity, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), Ktrans, and Ve were calculated per lesion. Among the 12 participants that underwent dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), there were large, statistically significant reductions in Ktrans and Ve (median difference = −41.8 %, p < 0.02 and −42.6 %, p < 0.04, respectively). In contrast, there were no significant reductions in ADC or FDG-PET SUVmax values. DCE-MRI is a useful measure of early pharmacodynamic effects of VEGF Trap on tumor vasculature. The absence of significant changes in FDG-PET and DW-MRI suggest that the early pharmacodynamic effects are specific to tumor perfusion and/or permeability and do not directly inhibit metabolism or induce cell death. DCE-MRI in conjunction with standard imaging may be promising for the identification of anti-angiogenic effects in this patient population with this therapeutic target. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between DCE-MRI response and clinical outcome.
On the ground state energy of the delta-function fermi gas II: Further asymptotics

Building on previous work of the authors, we here derive the weak coupling asymptotics to order γ2 of the ground state energy of the deltafunction Fermi gas. We use a method that can be applied to a large class of finite convolution operators.
Osteonecrosis in Adolescent Girls Involved in High-Impact Activities: Could Repetitive Microtrauma Be the Cause?: A Report of Three Cases.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, although rare in pediatric patients, is an important cause of disability and morbidity. Numerous studies have established osteonecrosis as the final common pathway of a spectrum of disease processes that disrupt circulation to the femoral head, including Legg-Calve-Perthes disease1. Yet in most cases, the inciting cause remains elusive. At our institution, we have observed three unusual cases of advanced osteonecrosis with no other contributing risk factors in an avid dancer and in two high-level female gymnasts. These children did not seem to fit the typical pattern seen in patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. It is our belief that repetitive microtrauma to the femoral head as a result of the repetitive impact nature of their sports may have been the cause of osteonecrosis in these cases. The patients and their parents were informed that data concerning their cases would be submitted for publication, and they all provided consent. Case 1. A twelve-year-old high-level dancer, who had participated in multiple scheduled competitions annually since age eight, presented to our institution with a six-week history of pain with activity and stiffness in the right limb. She denied any history of major trauma or steroid use. On examination, she had an antalgic gait pattern on the right and severe stiffness of the right hip, with no internal or external rotation. Anteroposterior (Fig. 1-A) and frog-leg lateral radiographs of the hip demonstrated flattening and sclerosis of the right femoral head consistent with osteonecrosis. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip confirmed the diagnosis (Fig. 1-B). Because of the pain and marked hip stiffness, she underwent a surgical dislocation of the hip and an osteoplasty of the head-neck junction. Figs. 1-A and 1-B Imaging for Case 1. Fig. 1-A Fig. 1-A Anteroposterior radiograph of the right hip demonstrating flattening and sclerosis of the femoral head. Fig. 1-B Fig. 1-B MRI …
Microstructure changes caused by annealing of U-Pu-Zr alloys

Abstract Thermally induced microstructural changes in five uranium-plutonium-zirconium alloys (38U-22Pu-40Zr, 49U-19Pu-32Zr, 33U-27Pu-40Zr, 19U-41Pu-40Zr, and 20U-12Pu-68Zr, compositions in at%) were examined by comparing as-cast alloys with alloys that had been annealed at 500 °C for 168 h using scanning electron microscopy. All of the as-cast and annealed alloys had high-Zr inclusions not predicted from currently available phase diagrams. Microstructures in all alloys except U-12Pu-68Zr demonstrate increasing development of irregularly shaped polygons with high-actinide, low-Zr boundaries as a result of annealing.
Decentralized-Like Adaptive Control for a Class of MIMO Nonlinear Systems

Abstract The design of stabilizing controllers for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear plants with unknown nonlinearities is a challenging problem. The inability to identify the nonlinearities on-line or off-line accurately motivates the design of stabilizing controllers based on approximations or on approximate estimates of the plant nonlinearities. However, the design of centralized controllers for MIMO large-scale systems is complex due to the high dimensionality and difficulty of implementation in real time. In this paper, a decentralized-like nonlinear adaptive control algorithm is designed and analyzed for a class of MIMO large-scale nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities. In the control design each input is designed by assuming the effects of the other inputs is zero. The controller guarantees closed loop semi-global stability and convergence of the tracking error to a small residual set. The size of the residual set for the tracking error can be specified by choosing certain design parameters, which can be chosen to meet desired upper bounds for the tracking error.
Using Learners' Self-Explanations of Subgoals to Guide Initial Problem Solving in App Inventor

Our goal for the present research was to improve upon the subgoal learning framework and further enhance problem solving performance for novice programmers learning to use a block-based programming language. In particular, we are expanding upon recent work done by Margulieux and Morrison that prompts learners to self-explain the subgoals, or functional pieces, of a problem solving process to create their own instructional explanations of the process. We added to this work by exploring whether learners' self-explained instructions could be used to effectively scaffold initial problem solving attempts (i.e., practice problems) to further improve performance. In this experiment, learners self-explained subgoals using the most successful conditions from Margulieux and Catrambone's [1] prior work and then were given practice problems that were either unscaffolded (control condition), scaffolded with their own subgoal explanations, or scaffolded with explanations constructed by an instructional designer and computer scientist. Learners who were scaffolded with their own explanations performed better on later problem solving (i.e., an assessment test) than those scaffolded with the experts' explanations or those with no scaffolding. The results show that scaffolding initial problem solving with learners' explanations of the problem solving process can lead to better problem solving performance than scaffolding from experts if the learners construct explanations with adequate support.
Sexual vs. Nonsexual Currently Most Upsetting Trauma: A Fresh Look at Attenuation of Sexual Response, Alcohol Intoxication, and Post-Traumatic Stress.

This study examined the dependence of sexual response (vaginal pulse amplitude [VPA] and subjective sexual arousal) on alcohol intoxication (.10% breath alcohol concentration [BrAC] versus no alcoh...
Concomitant external pneumatic compression treatment with consecutive days of high intensity interval training reduces markers of proteolysis

To compare the effects of external pneumatic compression (EPC) and sham when used concurrently with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on performance-related outcomes and recovery-related molecular measures. Eighteen recreationally endurance-trained male participants (age: 21.6 ± 2.4 years, BMI: 25.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2, VO2peak: 51.3 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min) were randomized to balanced sham and EPC treatment groups. Three consecutive days of HIIT followed by EPC/sham treatment (Days 2–4) and 3 consecutive days of recovery (Days 5–7) with EPC/sham only on Days 5–6 were employed. Venipuncture, flexibility and pressure-to-pain threshold (PPT) measurements were made throughout. Vastus lateralis muscle was biopsied at PRE (i.e., Day 1), 1-h post-EPC/sham treatment on Day 2 (POST1), and 24-h post-EPC/sham treatment on Day 7 (POST2). 6-km run time trial performance was tested at PRE and POST2. No group × time interaction was observed for flexibility, PPT, or serum measures of creatine kinase (CK), hsCRP, and 8-isoprostane. However, there was a main effect of time for serum CK (p = 0.005). Change from PRE in 6-km run times at POST2 were not significantly different between groups. Significant between-groups differences existed for change from PRE in atrogin-1 mRNA (p = 0.018) at the POST1 time point (EPC: − 19.7 ± 8.1%, sham: + 7.7 ± 5.9%) and atrogin-1 protein concentration (p = 0.013) at the POST2 time point (EPC: − 31.8 ± 7.5%, sham: + 96.0 ± 34.7%). In addition, change from PRE in poly-Ub proteins was significantly different between groups at both the POST1 (EPC: − 26.0 ± 10.3%, sham: + 34.8 ± 28.5%; p = 0.046) and POST2 (EPC: − 33.7 ± 17.2%, sham: + 21.4 ± 14.9%; p = 0.037) time points. EPC when used concurrently with HIIT and in subsequent recovery days reduces skeletal muscle markers of proteolysis.
Exploring racial differences in patient centeredness of care (PCC) during breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy clinic visits.

49Background: Racial disparity in breast cancer survival may be attributed to racial differences in BC treatment dose intensity (dose received/dose prescribed within specific time frame). Poor dose intensity is associated with symptom distress among Black women. Chemotherapy associated symptoms and distress are traditionally assessed by the clinician and reported by the patient during the clinical visit. Poor communication patterns between clinician and patient that do not reflect care that is patient centered may be an important etiology of poor symptom reporting and management influencing BC racial treatment disparity. The purpose of this prospective, comparative pilot study was to qualitatively explore and code for the PCC during the chemotherapy clinical visit of women undergoing BC chemotherapy and compare by race. Methods: Dyads consisting of age-matched Black and White women were recruited. Audio recordings of clinical visits conducted prior to any chemotherapy cycle (except first) infusion were ob...
CO 2 Storage in Coalbeds: Risk Assessment of CO2 and Methane Leakage

This chapter focuses on assessing potential leakage pathways and introduces a probabilistic risk assessment methodology. An investigation is performed to evaluate geomechanical factors that need to be taken into account in assessing the risk of CO 2 leakage in CO 2 storage in coalbeds. The result shows that geomechanical processes lead to risks of developing leakage paths for CO 2 at each step in the process of CO 2 storage in coalbeds. Risk of leakage is higher for old wells that are converted to injectors. Risks of leakage are much higher for open cavity completions than for cased well completions. The processes of depressurization during dewatering and methane production, followed by repressurization during CO 2 injection, lead to risks of leakage path formation by failure of the coal and slip on discontinuities fin the coal and overburden. The most likely mechanism for leakage path formation is slip on pre-existing discontinuities that cut across the coal seam. A mathematical model for probabilistic risk assessment is introduced. The model consists of six functional constituents—initiators, processes, failure modes, consequences (effects), indicators, and inference queries.
Risk-Taking Behavior (Young Male Syndrome)

‘Young male syndrome’ refers to the tendency of adolescent and young adult men to think and act in more aggressive and dominant ways and to take more risks than women or men outside of this age range. This phenomenon is explained by adopting a functional perspective of aggressive behaviors and using this perspective to examine factors that have contributed to the increased frequency of these behaviors in men compared to women and in younger people compared to older people. The confluence of these factors compounded over evolutionary time is believed to produce the observed sex and age differences in aggression.
Glutaraldehyde fixation chemistry: oxygen-consuming reactions.

Abstract In tissue fixed with glutaraldehyde, dissolved O2 is rapidly consumed by two processes: residual respiration and glutaraldehyde-induced chemical uptake. The nature of the chemistry which consumes O2 during tissue fixation was investigated by studying model reactions of glutaraldehyde with amines and with homogenized tissue suspensions. The addition of glutaraldehyde to solutions of most primary amines and ammonia stimulated rapid O2 consumption. The reaction of glutaraldehyde with primary amines (e.g., 25 mM ethanolamine, glycine, or methylamine) consumed 50% of the dissolved O2 in 15 to 20 s at 37 degrees C. The initial rate of O2 uptake followed second-order kinetics with respect to the primary amine concentration. The total amount of O2 consumed was sufficient to account for the stoichiometric conversion of the primary amines to pyridines. These data are consistent with the synthesis of pyridine derivatives from glutaraldehyde-amine precursors in which the last step is an irreversible oxidation of dihydropyridines to pyridines. The addition of glutaraldehyde to homogenized muscle suspensions, in which respiration was chemically inhibited, significantly increased the rate of O2 uptake. Thus, in tissue O2 is rapidly depleted both by respiration and the chemical demands of the glutaraldehyde-amine reactions during the cross-linking process. Since these experiments were done under conditions commonly used for tissue fixation, hypoxia should be assumed to exist in biological preparations fixed with glutaraldehyde.
Stationary 2nd-Order Processes

This chapter begins the more particular theory of stationary 2nd-order random processes, considered from the view-point of correlation theory. In other words, we will study processes which are “stationary in the wide sense” (page 7) and build a theory based on their covariance functions \({\rm K(s) = E(X}_{{\rm t + s}} \overline {\rm X} _{\rm t} )\) alone. This theory has the flavor of Hilbert space and Fourier analysis, and readers who are familiar with the “spectral theorem” for unitary operators on a Hilbert space will recognize that this theorem is behind the “spectral representation” of a stationary process to be derived below. No advance knowledge of spectral theory is needed, however, and in fact the probabilistic setting can provide an easy and well-motivated introduction to this area of functional analysis.
Assessment of Physician Adherence to Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Ambulatory Care Settings.

This cohort study uses data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to evaluate the prevalence of patient visits to ambulatory care clinics for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and whether physicians’ diagnostic and treatment recommendations adhered to clinical practice guidelines over time.
Nocardiopsistins A-C: New angucyclines with anti-MRSA activity isolated from a marine sponge-derived Nocardiopsis sp. HB-J378.

Abstract Marine natural products have become an increasingly important source of new drug leads during recent years. In an attempt to identify novel anti-microbial natural products by bioprospecting deep-sea Actinobacteria, three new angucyclines, nocardiopsistins A-C, were isolated from Nocardiopsis sp. strain HB-J378. Notably, the supplementation of the rare earth salt Lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) during fermentation of HB-J378 significantly increased the yield of these angucyclines. The structures of nocardiopsistins A-C were identified by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS data. Nocardiopsistins A-C have activity against MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) with MICs of 3.12–12.5 μg/mL; the potency of nocardiopsistin B is similar to that of the positive control, chloramphenicol. Bioinformatic analysis of the draft genome of HB-J378 identified a set of three core genes in a biosynthetic gene cluster that encode a typical aromatic or type II polyketide synthase (PKS) system, including ketoacyl:ACP synthase α-subunit (KSα), β-subunit (KSβ) and acyl carrier protein (ACP). The production of nocardiopsistins A-C was abolished when the three genes were knocked out, indicating their indispensable role in the production of nocardiopsistins.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Comparison of Associated Outcomes in Early Versus Delayed Surgical Treatment

ABSTRACT Background: The recommended timing of surgical intervention for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is controversial; however, most studies are not sufficiently powered. Our goal was to investigate the associated effects of delaying surgery in VO patients on in-hospital complications, neurologic deficits, and mortality. Methods: Retrospective review of the National Inpatient Sample. Patients who underwent surgery for VO from 1998 to 2013 were identified using codes from the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Patients were stratified into groups based on incremental delay of surgery: 0-day delay (same-day surgery), 1-day delay, 2-day delay, 3- to 6-day delay, 7- to 14-day delay, and 14- to 30-day delay. Univariate analysis compared demographics and outcomes between groups. Multivariate logistic regression models calculated independent predictors of any complication, mortality, and neurologic deficits. A 0-day delay was the reference group. Results: A total of 34 465 patients were identified. Delayed groups were older (same day: 53.5 vs. 7–14-day delay: 61.1) and had a higher Deyo-Charlson score (same day: 0.4901 vs. 14–30-day delay: 1.66), length of stay (same day: 4.2 vs. 14–30-day delay: 34.04 days), and total charges (same day: $63,390.78 vs. 14-30-day delay: $245,752.4), all P Conclusion: VO patients who operate within 24 hours of admission are more likely to have desirable outcomes. Patients with delayed surgery had a significantly increased risk of developing any complication, mortality, and discharging with neurologic deficits. Level of Evidence: III. Clinical Relevance: Medically fit patients may benefit from earlier surgical management in order to reduce risk of postoperative complications, improve outcomes, and reduce overall hospital costs.
Nanocrystallization and Recoilless Fraction Determination of Fe68.5Co5Nb3Cu1Si15.5B7 Ferromagnetic Alloy

Amorphous alloy Fe68.5Co5Nb3Cu1Si15.5B7 was obtained by melt spinning. Samples cut from the foil were annealed at 450, 550, 650 and 750°C in a vacuum furnace. 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to identify the crystalline phases formed and the orientation of the magnetic moments based on the refined values of the hyperfine parameters. The spectra of the samples annealed at 550, 650 and 750°C were indicative of nanocrystallization, with the magnetic moments reoriented out-of-plane for the last sample. This behavior is in contradistinction to that of the Co-rich system, which was totally crystallized at these annealing temperatures. Our results show that small Co additions can lead to the formation of nanostructures over a whole range of annealing temperatures. A new series of Mossbauer spectra was obtained by recording simultaneously the intensity transmitted by a superposition of the sample with the stainless steel etalon, based on the dual absorber method previously introduced by us. The values of the recoilless fraction could be derived from the relative spectral areas. The f factor maintained values close to 0.7 for all samples measured, but dropped to 0.37 for the sample annealed at 750°C. This behavior could be related to the presence of elastic stresses in the system, which caused the out-of-plane reorientation of the magnetic moment directions.
Reduction potential calculations of the Fe–S clusters in Thermus thermophilus respiratory complex I

Respiratory complex I facilitates electron transfer from NADH to quinone over ~95 A through a chain of seven iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in the respiratory chain. In this study, the reduction potentials of the Fe-S clusters in Thermus thermophilus complex I are calculated using a Density Functional Theory + Poisson-Boltzmann method. Our results indicate that the reduction potentials are influenced by a variety of factors including the clusters being deeply buried in the complex and the protonation state of buried ionizable residues. In addition, as several of the ionizable side chains have predicted pKa values near pH 7, relatively small structural fluctuations could lead to significant (0.2 V) shifts in the reduction potential of several of the Fe-S clusters, suggesting a dynamic mechanism for electron transfer. Moreover, the method used here is a useful computational tool to study other questions about complex I. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract TP434: Mouse Bilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis Leads to Unexpected Early Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity

Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is one experimental model of vascular dementia that is thought to preferentially impact brain white matter. Indeed, it is generally accepted that hippocampa...
Component recognition method based on deep learning and machine vision

Traditional component coding recognition adopts manual recognition or primitive machine vision technology in the electronic component testing and screening industry, which has the issues of low testing efficiency and high recognition error rate. Therefore, we proposed a novel method of component coding recognition based on machine vision combining with deep learning. The machine vision imaging system have been developed to obtain the images of component, and the processing operators such as grayscale conversion, mean filter, slant correction and other techniques are used for preprocessing. The component coding of different types and materials were recognized by deep learning model of deep convolution neural network. Extensive experiments in the component testing center and comparisons with traditional recognition demonstrate that this method has high recognition accuracy and wide range of components recognition.
A Methodology for Primary Voltage Assessment on Highly PV Penetrated Distribution Feeders by Using SCADA and AMI

As the penetration level of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) increases, there are expectations of significant impact on the grid operation and power quality of services for distribution systems in many ways. More importantly, voltage levels are the major area of concerns when DERs are injecting power into the distribution grid. This paper focuses on introducing one analysis methodology to utilize load and voltage measurements from revenue meters and SCADA devices to validate the planning models. The validated models along with load profiles are then used to analyze potential abnormal voltage conditions as well as thermal limit exceedance of distribution feeders as caused by PV-DGs (both distributed and centralized) by growing level of penetration. Time series or quasi-static simulation is performed on measured Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) data collected from a distribution feeder to fully investigate the impacts of high PV penetration and predict the levels at which the DER will start to violate voltage and/or thermal loading criteria.
Assessing the Impact of "Open Pedagogy" on Student Skills Mastery in First-Year Composition.

This article presents the results of a 2016 classroom research study assessing the impact of open pedagogy on student skills mastery in English 101, a first-year undergraduate composition course at a two-year community college in North America. Ninety-two students in five sections used the same free OER course materials, but two sections were given traditional assignments (i.e. formal essays and grammar exercises) and the other three sections were given “open” assignments that involved designing and remixing open resources. Assignment results and other course metrics used to investigate the impact on student skills mastery yielded no statistically significant differences in performance between the student groups, which suggests that there may be no harm in shifting away from the traditional “disposable” assignment.
Relationship between blood pressure and outcome changes over time in acute ischemic stroke

Objective To evaluate whether the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and stroke outcome varies during the acute stage of ischemic stroke as a function of the elapsed time after stroke onset. Methods Patients who were hospitalized due to ischemic stroke within 6 hours of onset were retrospectively analyzed. SBP data were collected at 8 time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours after onset). The primary functional outcome measure was a poor outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of >2 at 3 months after stroke. Linear and quadratic models were constructed at each time point to assess relationships between SBP and outcome. Results Of the 2,546 patients, 728 (28.6%) had a poor outcome. SBP, as either a linear or quadratic term, had a significant effect on functional outcome, except at 4 hours after onset. For the initial 2 hours after onset, SBP had nonlinear U-shaped relationships with functional outcome, and patients with SBP of approximately 165 mm Hg were the least likely to have a poor outcome. Quadratic models exhibited a significantly better model fit. For 8–24 hours postonset, SBP exhibited linear relationships with functional outcome. For 48–72 hours postonset, SBP exhibited a J-shaped relationship with functional outcome, and the predicted probability of poor outcome was the lowest in patients with SBP of approximately 125 mm Hg. These relationships were relatively consistent across various sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This study revealed that the relationship between SBP and functional outcome may depend on elapsed time from stroke onset.
Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performance, Bio-Based Epoxy–Amine Networks Derived from Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a sustainable and versatile bio-derived phenolic compound that has shown promise as a high glass-transition temperature (Tg), flame-resistant building block for thermoset networks. In this study, three components of epoxy thermoset resins were synthesized from resveratrol: trans-resveratrol trisepoxy (1), dihydroresveratrol trisepoxy (2), and a trifunctional amine, 4,4′-((5-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenethyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))dianiline (4). The epoxy monomers were low melting solids (mp 2000 mg/L, and no cytotoxicity up to its solubility limit. The epoxy monomers were cured with 4,4′-methylenedianiline (3) and 4 to produce four epoxy–amine networks (A–D). Networks C and D, prepared with the resveratrol-derived aniline, contained up to 52.6% bio-based material. The moisture uptake, thermal stability, and dry/wet thermomechanical properties of the networks were measured. The networks had Tg’s as high as 285 °C, approximately 110 °C higher than networks based on petroleum-derived bisphenol A (BPA). In addition, the resveratrol networks had char yields as high as 51 and 46% in nitrogen and air, respectively, compared to ca. 15 and 5%, respectively, for BPA-based networks. Overall, this study shows the advantages of resveratrol-based epoxy and amine monomers as components of sustainable, low-toxicity, high-temperature resin systems.
Safeguarding student privacy in an age of analytics

In this special issue, we have collected three responses from scholars who are currently doing work in learning analytics to react to, better explain, and expound upon the Ifenthaler and Schumacher’s findings in their own settings as researchers and practitioners.
The road forward for upper-extremity rehabilitation robotics

Abstract Despite concerted efforts over the last three decades, upper-extremity robotic rehabilitation has yet to reach its full potential. We assert that assuming the goal of robotic rehabilitation is to automate conventional therapy may have led to overly narrow research directions and to mixed results from clinical studies. Recontextualizing this assumption opens promising research avenues for roboticists. Breaking the robotic device design loop and instead seeking out ‘big data’ opportunities has the potential to identify promising robot-mediated interventions. This will require a shift in roboticists' attitudes toward participating in neuroscience and clinical research. By expanding assessment beyond kinematics, robotic devices can provide clinicians with a more complete picture of impairment and recovery. We discuss the current assumptions in greater detail and point toward promising research in these revised directions.
Architecting urban air mobility airport shuttling systems with case studies: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Dallas

Abstract The purpose of this study is to define a holistic and effective architectural approach for implementing a safe and profitable pilot UAM airport shuttling system, which is extensible to the best available data at a given time. The proposition of this research is to leverage a system of autonomous UAVs capable of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) to transport passengers and cargo between airports and defined destinations in different urban cities in the United States: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Dallas. The study comprises of defining a standard set of metrics to consider, developing a system model for defined case studies, and performing tradespace analyses to quantifiably evaluate alternative ways of achieving the most desirable architecture outcomes. This study models and evaluates 1,620 enumerable architectures and analyzes numerous tradespaces to examine the correlation and interrelationships between decision variables and performance metrics. Among the metrics, this analysis focuses on the interrelationships between Annual Profit, Mean Time Between Incident (MTBI), Upfront Cost, and Passengers Shuttled Per Day. The resulting analysis ranks architectures on the True and Fuzzy Pareto Front that is used to determine essential and quasi-necessary features in relation to these interrelationships. Based on the various stakeholders and their unique needs, the model recommends Los Angeles as the pilot city and for the system to leverage a FIFO queuing system, a smartphone interface, and a hybrid energy source that utilizes electric energy.