cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restricted Feeding in Early and Late-Feathering Chickens. 2. Reproductive Responses

Abstract Reproductive traits of females from a broiler-breeder parent stock segregating for early and late feathering were measured under four feeding regimens. Feeding regimens consisted of ad libitum (AL, feed was always available), ad libitum restricted (ALR, feed restricted daily to control body weight), and skip-one-day and skip-two-days (SOD and STD, given two or three times ALR allowance on Day 1 and not fed on the next 1 or 2 days, respectively). At 160 days of age, pullets on SOD and STD were changed to ALR feeding, and daily feed allowances were increased to 135 g by Day 180 and 138 g by Day 250. Early and late feathering chickens responded similarly, except that hen-day ovulation rates, relative egg shell weights, and incidences of extracalcified and compressed eggs were greater for the former than the latter. For most traits measured, differences among restricted feeding regimens were minor, but considerable differences were noted between them and the AL regimen. Females fed AL reached sexual maturity approximately 60 days earlier than those whose feed intake was restricted. Also, body weights at onset of lay were about 1,200 g greater for AL than for feed-restricted females. Percentages of hen-day ovulation, normal egg production, and duration of fertility were lower, whereas incidence of defective eggs was higher for AL than for feed-restricted chickens.
A relational model for incomplete information in temporal databases

In temporal database systems the time varying aspects of data are captured by time-stamping data values. Research in temporal databases has concentrated on developing models in which it is essential that all the information be known. In the present work a relational model for incomplete information is presented. The model allows incomplete temporal information to be stored, and provides a powerful, yet simple, algebra to query the incomplete information. The incomplete information model presented here generalizes a well-known model for temporal databases with complete information. The algebraic expressions in the model produce results that are reliable in the sense that they never report incorrect information. This is shown by introducing the notion of completions of relations and databases. It is also shown that except for certain cases of selection, if the definition of the operators were strengthened to give more information, we could obtain results that are not reliable. This result is obtained by introducing the concepts of extensions of relations and more informative relations. Update operations create, change, and changekey are defined. These operations allow the user to modify the state of the database to reflect changes in the real world, to correct errors in the database, and to increase the information content of incomplete objects as more information becomes available.
An overview of VHF civil radio network and the resolution of spectrum depletion

The spectral capacity of VHF aeronautical radio is rapidly reaching saturation in the United States and in Europe. A key functional objective for any future civil aviation communications technology is providing relief to the current spectral congestion. This article provides a review on the existing national and global aeronautical radio networks. The spectrum depletion problem is described. Recent developments in narrowband and wideband digital communications for potential applications in civil aviation are discussed. Comments are made on critical issues that must be considered when selecting a communication technology for aeronautics which addresses the spectral congestion problem and simultaneously supports transformation to a long term network centric solution. Recommendations are made on some possible communication technologies that may bring about short-term resolution to VHF spectrum depletion without requiring major changes in ground infrastructure or on-board avionics.
Controlling spatial attention without central attentional resources: Evidence from event-related potentials

The present study examined whether the control of spatial attention requires central attentional resources using a modified Psychological Refractory Period paradigm. We varied across experiments whether Task 1 was a two- or four-choice speeded task and whether it was auditory or visual. Task 2 (unspeeded response) was to identify a visual letter in a specific target colour, while ignoring letters in other colours. We measured the N2pc effect (reflecting lateralized attentional allocation) elicited by Task 2 as a function of the stimulus–onset asynchrony (SOA) between Task 1 and Task 2. The question was whether spatial attention could shift to the Task 2 stimulus at short SOAs, while central attention was still allocated to Task 1. For the two-choice Task 1, Task 2 elicited a strong N2pc effect (indicating capture) even at short SOAs, regardless of whether Task 1 was auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2). But for the four-choice Task 1, the N2pc effect elicited by Task 2 was attenuated strongly ...
Prediction and preliminary standardization of fire debris constituents with the advanced distillation curve method.

The recent National Academy of Sciences report on forensic sciences states that the study of fire patterns and debris in arson fires is in need of additional work and eventual standardization. We discuss a recently introduced method that can provide predicted evaporation patterns for ignitable liquids as a function of temperature. The method is a complex fluid analysis protocol, the advanced distillation curve approach, featuring a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for qualitative, quantitative, and trace analysis), low uncertainty temperature measurements that are thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, consistency with a century of historical data, and an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction. We discuss the application of the method to kerosenes and gasolines and outline how expansion of the scope of fluids to other ignitable liquids can benefit the criminalist in the analysis of fire debris for arson. Language: en
Nucleus accumbens dopamine modulates response rate but not response timing in an interval timing task.

While previous work has demonstrated that systemic dopamine manipulations can modulate temporal perception by altering the speed of internal clock processes, the neural site of this modulation remains unclear. Based on recent research suggesting that changes in incentive salience can alter the perception of time, as well as work showing that nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell dopamine (DA) levels modulate the incentive salience of discriminative stimuli that predict instrumental outcomes, we assessed whether microinjections of DA agents into the NAc shell would impact temporal perception. Rats were trained on either a 10-second or a 30-second temporal production procedure and received intra-NAc shell microinfusions of sulpiride, amphetamine and saline. Results showed that NAc DA modulations had no effect on response timing, but intra-NAc shell sulpiride microinfusions significantly decreased response rates, relative to saline and amphetamine. Our findings therefore suggest that neither NAc shell DA levels, nor the resultant changes in incentive salience signaled by this structure, impact temporal control.
Mathematical biology at an undergraduate liberal arts college.

Since 2002 we have offered an undergraduate major in Mathematical Biology at Harvey Mudd College. The major was developed and is administered jointly by the mathematics and biology faculty. In this paper we describe the major, courses, and faculty and student research and discuss some of the challenges and opportunities we have experienced.
Gene expression and nanoparticle uptake by osteoblasts exposed to hydroxyapatite coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles

Iron oxide nanoparticles are promising candidates for drug delivery systems to treat osteoporosis due to their biocompatibility and magnetic properties. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). Effects of HA coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles on osteoblast gene expression were investigated focused on the following genes: osteocalcin, collagen I and cbfa. The results demonstrated that the nanoparticles induced no genotoxicity to osteoblasts after 24 hours of treatment. Time dependent nanoparticle uptake into osteoblasts was also reported. After 4 – 6 hours of the addition of nanoparticles to cells, the uptake amount into osteoblasts reached saturation.
Faceted search for heterogeneous digital collections

The idea of faceted search has received growing attentions in the digital library field for its potential of improving user satisfaction by combing the query and browse strategies interactively. Furthermore, with the trend of using digital repositories as the central infrastructure for curation and preservation, there is a demand for a single search interface providing public access to all the diversified content stored in the repositories. In this demo, we present Digital Collections Search, a system that is designed to assist users who are unfamiliar with the subject of their information needs locating relevant items as well exploring related but unknown collections in the repository.
Occurrences, specificities, and functions of ubiquitous antibodies in human serum that are reactive with the Cryptococcus neoformans cell wall

Previous studies found that normal human serum (NHS) contains an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody that mediates initiation of the classical complement pathway by nonencapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans. The present study used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole nonencapsulated yeast cells as solid-phase antigens to demonstrate the presence of high levels of IgG antibody in each of 11 sera from normal adult donors. The IgG antibodies were of the IgG2 subclass. The antibody activity was blocked completely by treatment of serum with isolated yeast glucan. Treatment of serum with mannan or chitin had no effect on antibody levels. Antibody activity was adsorbed completely by treatment of serum with zymosan particles. Adsorption with intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida albicans had no effect, suggesting that the glucan on S. cerevisiae or C. albicans is not surface exposed. Assessment of the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of nonencapsulated cryptococci by monocyte-derived human macrophages (MO-M phi) showed that high levels of phagocytosis occurred when yeast cells were opsonized with NHS. Removal of anti-glucan antibody by adsorption with whole nonencapsulated cryptococci did not diminish opsonic activity. Heat-inactivated serum or anti-glucan antibody affinity purified from NHS lacked opsonic activity. Taken together, these results indicate that phagocytosis of nonencapsulated cryptococci by monocyte-derived human macrophages has an obligatory requirement for opsonic ligands of the complement system, with no contribution by the anti-glucan IgG that is found in NHS.
A flexible VHDL test bench architecture

The author explores test bench designs, based on a flexible architecture, for the testing of systems and subsystems modeling in VHDL. Consideration is given to test bench functionality, and interface designs including the user interface and the interface to the unit under test (UUT). The discussion of the user interface includes test vector input methods as well as techniques for handling test result output. The discussion of the UUT interfaces covers interface design along with techniques for changing this interface as the design of the system progresses (e.g., changing from abstract record passing I/O at early stages of design to physical I/O models as the design matures). A modular design with many reusable clocks forms the basis of the architectures presented. >
Neutrophil chemotactic activity in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma.

Abstract We quantitated serum neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA), which is associated with mast cell or basophil activation, to determine if mast cell or basophil mediators are released during bronchoprovocation-inhalation challenge with subirritant levels of toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Four subjects with suspected TDI-induced asthma and four mite-sensitive subjects with asthma who served as a comparison group were studied. NCA was measured in a multiwell, microchemotaxis chamber. Blood samples were collected, and FEV 1 measurements were performed before challenge and at regular intervals during the subsequent 24 hours. Three of four workers clinically sensitive to TDI reacted to a subirritant TDI exposure. There was no increase in NCA during placebo challenges. NCA increased in the three TDI-sensitive workers during early and late asthmatic reactions in quantities proportional to the FEV 1 decline. No increase in NCA was found during TDI exposures in the TDI-negative worker. Gel filtration analysis demonstrated the main NCA fraction eluted with macromolecules of an estimated molecular weight >440,000 daltons. This characteristic is compatible with neutrophil chemotactic factor of basophil or mast cell origin. The kinetics of NCA release were similar in mite- and TDI-induced asthmatic reactions. A high correlation ( r = 0.97; p = 0.0006) was obtained between the percent decrease in FEV 1 during early asthmatic reactions and percent increase in NCA. These observations support the hypothesis that activation of mast cells or basophils is associated with TDI-induced early and late asthmatic reaction.
Narrow-azimuth migration of marine streamer data

I introduce a new migration method that overcomes the limitations of common-azimuth migration while retaining its computational efficiency for imaging marine streamer data. The method is based on source-receiver downward-continuation of prestack data with a narrow range of cross-line offsets. To minimize the width of the cross-line offset range, while assuring that all the recorded events are correctly pr opagated, I define an “optimal” range of cross-line offset dips. To remove the effects of the boundary artifacts I apply a coplanarity condition on the prestack image. This process removes from the image cube the events that are not correctly focused at zero offset. Tes ts of the proposed method with the SEG-EAGE salt dataset show substantial image improvements in particularly difficult areas of the model and thus confirm the capability of the new me thod to overcome the limitations of common-azimuth migration in complex areas.
Time Relationships Between Plaque Rupture and Infarction

To the Editor: In the October 24, 2000, issue of Circulation , Ojio et al1 reported 20 cases of acute myocardial infarction in which the patients had had angiograms shortly before acute myocardial infarction. They found evidence of plaque rupture/thrombi in 60% of cases at least 3 days before infarction. Because one half of the patients developed stable angina within a month before infarction, considerable time might elapse between plaque rupture and infarction. On the basis of these findings, Ojio and colleagues postulated …
Perioperative vitamin D levels correlate with clinical outcomes after ankle fracture fixation

Hypovitaminosis D is common in patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery. While previous studies have shown that vitamin D levels correlate with functional outcome after hip fracture surgery, the significance of vitamin D levels on outcomes after surgery in other orthopaedic trauma patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if vitamin D levels correlated with outcomes in ankle fracture patients. We reviewed a prospective registry of patients who underwent operative treatment for ankle fractures from 2003 to 2012. Preoperative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured, and the primary and secondary outcomes included foot and ankle outcome scores (FAOS) and ankle range of motion. Data were also collected on patient comorbidities, articular malreductions, and wound complications. Included patients had at least 12 months of clinical outcome data. Ninety-eight patients operatively treated for ankle fractures met our inclusion criteria. Of these 98 patients, 36 (37 %) were deficient in vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) and 31 (32 %) had vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/ml, ≥20 mg/ml). Patients with vitamin D deficiency were similar with regard to age, gender, and comorbidities compared to patients with vitamin D levels ≥20. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with vitamin D deficiency had significantly worse FAOS with regard to symptoms (P = 0.017) and quality of life (P = 0.040) domains than patients with vitamin D levels ≥20. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that vitamin D deficiency was a factor in inferior FAOS with regard to symptoms, activities of daily living, and quality of life. In our group of patients with operative treated ankle fractures, preoperative vitamin D deficiency correlated with inferior clinical outcomes at a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Our study suggests that deficient vitamin D levels may result in worse outcomes in orthopaedic trauma patients recovering from fracture fixation.
Regulation of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 surface expression by PAK3 phosphorylation

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are the major excitatory receptors of the brain and are fundamental to synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognition. Dynamic recycling of AMPARs in neurons is regulated through several types of posttranslational modification, including phosphorylation. Here, we identify a previously unidentified signal transduction cascade that modulates phosphorylation of serine residue 863 (S863) in the GluA1 AMPAR subunit and controls surface trafficking of GluA1 in neurons. Activation of the EphR-Ephrin signal transduction pathway enhances S863 phosphorylation. Further, EphB2 can interact with Zizimin1, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that activates Cdc42 and stimulates S863 phosphorylation in neurons. Among the numerous targets downstream of Cdc42, we determined that the p21-activated kinase-3 (PAK3) phosphorylates S863 in vitro. Moreover, specific loss of PAK3 expression and pharmacological inhibition of PAK both disrupt activity-dependent phosphorylation of S863 in cortical neurons. EphB2, Cdc42, and PAKs are broadly capable of controlling dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity and are implicated in multiple cognitive disorders. Collectively, these data delineate a novel signal cascade regulating AMPAR trafficking that may contribute to the molecular mechanisms that govern learning and cognition.
Leaping Luxuries and Transitional Consumers

According to Abraham Maslow’s (1954) well-known hierarchy of needs, as humans we satisfy our lower-order bodily needs for food, shelter, clothing, and some measure of safety before we become concerned with the more symbolic social and psychological needs for love, esteem, and self actualization. Although Nevis (1983) has suggested that a somewhat different hierarchy applies in the East, it still shares with Maslow a hierarchical prioritizing of lower order needs over higher order needs. This logic would suggest that the least likely place to find luxuries in the world is in a society where the majority of people must struggle to meet basic needs and where extravagance in consumption is likely to reduce the thin accumulations that allow any margin of security in providing for the health and well being of family members. Yet this logical premise is countered by early human propensities for making art, assembling collections, and burying our dead with ornaments, armaments, and floral bouquets (Belk 1995). Cave paintings, sculptures, and grave goods can be traced back at least 30,000 years, while collections of curious pebbles have been found in caves inhabited 80,000 years ago. Such objects seem clearly to be luxuries appealing to “higher order” needs rather than necessities that address “lower order” needs. Ger (1997) argues that the desire for the beautiful is, in fact, a basic human need. I will attempt to demonstrate and explain how this long-standing lure of luxuries has become even stronger in our contemporary and increasingly global society, especially among consumers in transitional economies. Besides attempting to explicate and understand this phenomenon, I wish to assess whether the leap to luxuries is laudable or lamentable. Based on this assessment, I will then consider what, if anything, responsible global marketers and their local counterparts in transitional economies should do about this luxury-loving contradiction of Maslow’s hierarchy.
Nonlinear Absorption in Thallium (III) Phthalocyanines

New thallium (III) phthalocyanines were synthesized and their nonlinear optical responses characterized on the femtosecond and nanosecond time scale. They are promising nonlinear absorption materials in the ~425 nm to ~600 nm region.
Alloimmune disorders of pregnancy

There is mounting evidence that several placental pathologic entities associated with fetal intrauterine growth restriction and poor and recurrent pregnancy outcomes reflect disruption of mechanisms of immune tolerance normally operative during pregnancy. This presentation update will include an overview studies that have yielded evidence of the role of alloimmune mechanisms, or host-versus-graft response, in the pathogenesis and adverse outcomes associated with these disorders. In addition, new evidence for the potential role of the generation of fetal antigen specific antibodies, activation of the classic complement pathway, c4d fragment formation, and the histopathologic significance of plasmacytic deciduitis, as an indicator of maternal rejection of the fetus, will be presented. Finally, the potential overlap of the role of some of these immunemediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and its associated placental pathologies will be briefly discussed.
MEASUREMENT OF GAMMA GLOBULIN IN GERMFREE GUINEA PIGS BY HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION.

SummaryGuinea pig serum or gamma globulin inhibits agglutination of erythrocytes coated with guinea pig gamma globulin when added to rabbit anti-guinea pig gamma globulin antiserum. This inhibitory effect provides a convenient, accurate, and readily interpreted technique for measurement of low concentrations of serum gamma globulin. The serum gamma globulin concentrations of germfree guinea pigs are about one-fifth those of normal guinea pigs when measured by this method, which is much lower than previously reported. The quantitative hemagglutination inhibition technique is more accurate than paper electrophoresis, and its principle is potentially applicable to measurements of many proteins or other antigenic materials.
Bone growth in paralyzed limbs.

SummaryFifteen weeks after the forelimbs of young rats were denervated, it was found: (1) The growth in length of the radii was affected earlier and to a greater degree than that of the humerus. (2) The reduction of growth in diameter of the humeri was greater than the reduction of growth in length. (3) Growth in diameter of the bones was reduced but not prevented. (4) The quantity of bone and of bone salt was reduced by about 25%. (5) The humeri, but not the radii, of both the normal and paralyzed limbs of rats 132 days of age, had practically ceased to grow in length.It is concluded that paralysis of a limb interferes more with appositional growth of bones than with epiphyseal growth and that bone growth is not prevented in a denervated limb.
Disruption of Mating in the Navel Orangeworm with ( Z , Z )-11,13-Hexadecadienal

( Z , Z )-11,13-hexadecadienal was tested in almond orchards for disruption of mating in the navel orangeworm moth, Amyelois transitella (Walker). Best results were obtained in air permeation trials with this pheromone formulated in laminate dispensers at 8.9 g/ha. Orientation of males to caged females positioned near the bottom of the orchard canopy (2 m) was disrupted 99% for the 39-day period after treatment. Disruption was less effective at 5 m. Disruption of male catches in female-baited traps was accompanied by reductions in the mating success of dealated females placed in test plots.
Absence of assembly pheromones in the hard ticks Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae).

There was no evidence of response to an assembly pheromone when male and female Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and Dermacentor andersoni Stiles were exposed in petri dish assays to filter paper circles contaminated by other ticks (either conspecific or heterospecific), hexane extracts of ticks, tick feces, or tick excreta. These ticks did not assemble in response to the presence of other living ticks. Significant responses to saline extracts occurred in both species. However, D. variabilis did not respond to conspecific saline extracts of the same sex and D. andersoni males did not respond to conspecific saline extracts of females. D. variabilis males and females responded to filter paper circles contacted by conspecific ticks of the same sex, but not to those contacted by any other types. D. variabilis females also responded to saline controls. Ticks allowed to climb rods of a simulated “meadow” did not cluster in response to the presence of other live ticks or rods previously contaminated by ticks. These results do not support the hypothesis of an assembly pheromone in D. variabilis or D. andersoni . Contrasts between the ecology of the two North American Dermacentor species and those ticks for which assembly pheromones have been reported are discussed.
In Situ Measurement of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Silicon Anodes Using Atomic Force Microscopy

In situ measurements of the growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on silicon and the lithiation-induced volume changes in silicon in lithium ion half-cells are reported. Thin film amorphous silicon electrodes are fabricated in a configuration that allows unambiguous separation of the total thickness change into contribution from SEI thickness and silicon volume change. Electrodes are assembled into a custom-designed electrochemical cell, which is integrated with an atomic force microscope. The electrodes are subjected to constant potential lithiation/delithiation at a sequence of potential values and the thickness measurements are made at each potential after equilibrium is reached. Experiments are carried out with two electrolytes—1.2 m lithium hexafluoro-phosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC) and 1.2 m LiPF6 in propylene carbonate (PC)—to investigate the influence of electrolyte composition on SEI evolution. It is observed that SEI formation occurs predominantly during the first lithiation and the maximum SEI thickness is ≈17 and 10 nm respectively for EC and PC electrolytes. This study also presents the measured Si expansion ratio versus equilibrium potential and charge capacity versus equilibrium potential; both relationships display hysteresis, which is explained in terms of the stress–potential coupling in silicon.
Fragments from an ethnographer’s field guide: Skepticism, thick minimalism, and big theory:

This article challenges Isaac Reed’s discussion of interpretation in the social sciences by honing in on the unique properties of ethnographic research and the relationship between ethnography and theory. What are the practicalities of using theory to structure ethnographic engagement and of developing maximal theoretical explanations from participant observation? This article first advocates establishing skepticism by searching out evidence to counteract our claims and identifying how our conclusions could have turned out otherwise. Second, ethnographers should specify thick minimal matches between what our concepts are and how they manifest themselves in thick description (often in a reformulated forms) in our field sites; and third, thick minimal matches can be made to facilitate big theory by re-signifying the evidence within a body of existing significations and within a community of scholars.
Fragile X Syndrome and X-Linked Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID), formerly known as mental retardation, is a broad diagnostic category with a variety of underlying etiologies that include both environmental and genetic factors. Disruption of many different genes across the genome can impede normal intellectual development, but the X chromosome has an overabundance of known ID genes, such that X-linked ID (XLID) is estimated to account for 10–12% of ID cases in males. Because males have a single X chromosome, they are more sensitive to mutations that reduce the expression or activity of genes encoded therein. This means that the abundance of ID genes on the X chromosome is at least partly responsible for the ~ 1.4-fold excess of males affected with ID compared to females. Mutations in many different genes have been identified in individuals with both syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of XLID. The most common form of XLID is Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Besides this, each XLID gene individually accounts for a small fraction of ID overall. In this chapter, we will summarize what is broadly known about the genes that contribute to XLID with particular emphasis on the FXS.
Mystical Homoeroticism, Reductionism, and the Reality of Cenorship: A Response to Gerald James Larson

Dans cet article Jeffrey Kripal repond a un texte de Gerald James Larson qui portait sur son livre consacre a Ramakrishna ou sont mis en lumiere l'importance de themes psychanalytiques dans la vie et l'oeuvre de celui-ci. L'article est suivi de la reponse de G. J. Larson a ces critiques.
Polymer Flooding Practice in Daqing

This chapter describes polymer flooding applications as a mobility control and profile modification process to enhance oil recovery from mature fields. Successful experience from the Daqing Oilfield, the largest oil field application of polymer flooding, is summarized. The experience will be of considerable value to future polymer flood applications elsewhere in oil fields with appropriate reservoir conditions. Based on laboratory research and field applications at Daqing, technologies were developed that expand conventional ideas concerning favorable conditions for mobility improvement by polymer flooding. These include: 1. The oil strata and well pattern design should be optimized and integrated considering interwell connectivity and permeability differential among the oil zones. 2. The injection procedures and formulation are the key points when designing a polymer project—such as profile modification before polymer injection and zone isolation during polymer injection, higher molecular weight (MW) of the polymer used in the injected slugs, large polymer bank size, higher polymer concentrations and injection rate based on the well spacing, and injection pressure. 3. Surface mixing, injection facilities, oil production, and produced water treatment are important to reservoir engineering aspects of polymer flooding.
Decadal Impact Study of Saharan Dust Transport using Multi Sensor Measurements

Dust monitoring is one of the most challenging issues in today’s aerosol remote sensing. Aerosol loading of dust predominantly in the arid regions is highly variable and thus poses challenges that are several magnitudes larger while compared to the monitoring of continental aerosols. This paper addresses the time varying aspects of the Saharan dust. A time series analysis from 2002-2013 of the Saharan dust region using multi-sensor measurements is done to capture the dust transport mechanisms that have been proven to have far reaching consequences in shaping the climatology of the Northern Atlantic region. Based on over decadal measurement datasets it was found that temporal and amount of dust transport were found to be a chief catalyst in the large number of storm systems (28) that occurred in 2005. Similarly, a time lag, slight change in spatial location, coupled with a reduction in the amount of dust transport had reduced the number of storm systems (11) that occurred in 2009. Relationship studies of the surface air temperatures and Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) over the study area showed a reduction in the correlation between the two geophysical parameters in 2005 compared to 2009. This means the large AOT values tended to slightly decrease the surface air temperatures. This also gave an idea of the location in terms of height of the dust to be in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (approximately between 2 km - 4 km above ground surface).
GFI1 Is a Tumor Suppressor in Myeloid Progenitors

In severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) patients and mice with Growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) loss of function, arrested progenitors are suspended in a hyperproliferative state while terminal granulpoiesis is blocked. SCN patients are at increased risk for the development of acute myeloid leukemia. We demonstrate that Gfi1 directly targets HoxA9 , Pbx1 and Meis1 during normal myelopoiesis. Gfi1 −/− progenitors exhibit elevated levels of HoxA9, Pbx1 and Meis1, exaggerated HoxA9-Pbx1-Meis1 activity, and increased persistence in vivo and in vitro . Limiting HoxA9 alleles corrects, in a dose dependent manner, in vivo and in vitro phenotypes observed with loss of Gfi1. Moreover, in a manner conserved in Drosophila anterior/posterior patterning, we demonstrate that these factors can compete for occupancy of DNA sequences encoding composite Gfi1-HoxA9-Pbx1-Meis1 binding sites. Finally, the expression of Gfi1 and HoxA9 are inverse and stratify human myeloid leukemias, suggesting a role for HoxA9- Gfi1 antagonism in human AML. In agreement with this, a myeloproliferative disorder progresses into a rapid, lethal and transplantable myeloid leukemia in a Gfi1 −/− setting. We conclude that the lifespan and oncogenic transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells is regulated through a conserved competition between Gfi1 and HoxA9-Pbx1-Meis1.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (USA)

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act is the principle statute governing thousands of US commercial facilities that generate or handle hazardous chemicals and chemical wastes. The goals are to protect human health and the environment from the hazards posed by waste disposal; to conserve energy and natural resources through waste recycling and recovery; to reduce the amount of waste generated and to ensure that wastes are managed to be protective of human health and the environment. This article outlines the basic provisions of the Act and describes some important regulations and amendments implemented by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Sample Size Calculations with R: Level 2

Abstract In Level 1, sample size calculations were arrayed in the environment of single-sample, two-sample, and multisample framework dealing with quantitative variables. In this chapter, we will focus on qualitative variables. In addition, correlation and survival analysis framework will be entertained.
Abstract 20591: Vascular and Bleeding Complications in Nonagenarians Remain High in the Modern Era of PCI

Introduction: Despite a trend in modern PCI towards reduced bleeding and vascular complications, little is known about the absolute incidence of vascular complications in the very elderly. With older patients routinely being offered PCI, it is important to understand these risks to help guide decision making in this population. Hypothesis: Nonagenarians have higher vascular complications and bleeding than younger patients following PCI. Methods: The Dartmouth Dynamic Registry was queried for all PCI’s between 2000 and 2015. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on age (>89 and Results: Between 2000-2015, 16,395 patients under 90 years old and 175 nonagenarians underwent PCI (Table 1). In general, nonagenarians had fewer comorbid conditions than younger patients. More nonagenarians had transfemoral access versus radial access. Bleeding requiring transfusion was four-fold higher in nonagenarians and vascular complications were at least twice as likely when compared to younger patients (Table 2). Conclusion: The overall number of nonagenarians undergoing PCI remains small. However, nonagenarians have significantly higher rates of bleeding and vascular injury when compared to younger patients.
Electrokinetic preconcentration and electrochemical detection of Escherichia coli at a microelectrode

Abstract In this paper, we describe a novel electroanalytical approach that utilizes preconcentration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria by electrokinetic phenomena (dielectrophoresis and electrothermal fluid flow), which are generated in an electrolyte solution by a high frequency alternating current (ac) waveform. The bacteria are decorated with silver nanoparticles, so it becomes possible to detect individual bacterial cells one by one, i.e., perform electrochemical counting, due to silver oxidation on a working microelectrode (UME) biased at an appropriate dc potential. We demonstrate that the developed methodology allows for detection of E. coli concentrations two orders of magnitude smaller than what one could detect based on the transfer of E. coli by diffusion only (Sepunaru et al., Biomater. Sci., 3 (2015) 816–820).
EFFECTS OF DIETARY ETHANOL AND DISULFIRAM METABOLITES IN WEANLING RATS

Disulfiram (Antabuse, tetraethyl-thiuram disulfide) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for aversion therapy of alcoholism (1,2). The compound is metabolized to diethyl-dithiocarbamate by reduction, which is further decomposed into diethylamine and carbon disulfide. Carbon disulfide is a potent poison, which constitutes a serious health hazard in industry. Its biochemical mechanism of action include pyridoxine deficiency, attributed mainly to its combination with pyridoxamine (3,4). The physiological effects of diethylamine have not been investigated, although its toxicity is considerably higher than that of disulfiram itself (Table 1). Thus, disulfiram is converted endogenously into compounds of higher toxicity and possibly significant biochemical activity. The present report is part of an investigation of the mechanism of action of disulfiram and the possible participation of its metabolites in its over-all effect. The dietary pyridoxine deficiency is studied in combination with administration of ethanol and disulfiram.
Continuous Replacement Modalities in Acute Renal Dysfunction

The occurrence of acute renal failure varies among hospital settings, generally being more frequent in surgical/trauma units than medical areas. National figures are lacking and variable incidences can be obtained by merely changing the definition of acute renal failure. For example, defining acute renal failure as an acute rise in the serum creatinine level to ≤ 3 mg/dL, a 5 to 20% incidence can be found in all open heart surgical procedures (1). However, defining the cutoff serum creatinine level > 5 mg/dL, a 2 to 5% incidence can be seen (2). If one considers only those patients who need artificial support then 1.2% incidence has been reported (3) following open heart surgery.
Jets and Plumes and Ocean Outfall Design

Some issues relating to the fluid mechanics of plumes from ocean sewage outfalls are discussed. For many ocean sewage outfalls, the details of the diffuser are not important and most of the gross wastefield characteristics can be predicted by approximating the discharge to be a line source of buoyancy flux only, i.e. a line plume. Experiments utilizing laser-induced fluorescence show that a considerable amount of additional mixing and dilution can occur in the transition from vertical to horizontal flow, and this subsequent dilution is not included in present mathematical models. The initial dilution continues to increase with distance from the source until the discharge-induced turbulence collapses; this distance can be large. The fluid mechanics of transition mixing and turbulence collapse are not well understood.
EM-Based Localization of Noncooperative Multicarrier Communication Sources With Noncoherent Subarrays

Multicarrier communication signals possess distinct characteristics different from narrowband signals often targeted by localization algorithms. Each source occupies a unique set of subcarriers and is practically absent from other subcarriers. Moreover, subcarrier allocation for a source may change over time. In noncooperative geolocation applications, knowledge of the set of subcarriers occupied by a source may not be available. This paper proposes iterative localization algorithms which jointly estimate the locations of the sources in both the spatial and spectral domains. It is assumed that the transmitted signals are intercepted by spatially dispersed subarrays which are asynchronous. This eliminates the need for accurate clock synchronization across the geographically distributed subarrays. The proposed method is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and the subcarrier occupancy detection is achieved via the likelihood ratio test within each the EM iteration. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulation for a multi-source localization problem. It is shown that for signal-to-noise ratios of interest, the proposed method achieves a performance close to the algorithm, which is aware of all the subcarrier allocations.
Data - Based Pollution Forecasting via Machine Learning: Case of Northwest Texas

Air pollution costs millions of premature deaths annually, mostly due to anthropogenic fine particulate matter (or PM2.5). This paper proposes a machine learning approach based on two years of meteorological and air pollution data analysis to predict the concentrations of PM2.5 from wind and precipitation levels. The results of the classification model show high reliability. The high correlation between estimated and real data for a time series analysis. The study demonstrates that the use of statistical models based on machine learning is relevant to predict air pollution concentrations from meteorological data.
Systematic Review: Frameworks Used in School-Based Interventions, the Impact on Hispanic Children's Obesity-Related Outcomes

Background Childhood obesity among Hispanic children is a public health concern in the United States and Mexico. Although experiences from school-based intervention programs aimed at influencing obesity-related behaviors have been positive, the understanding of those framework elements that are associated with successful outcomes is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the frameworks used within school-based intervention programs in the United States and Mexico that showed improvements in obesity-related outcomes among Hispanic children. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using 4 electronic databases. Inclusion criteria included: incorporating a framework or aspects of frameworks within an intervention, more than 50% of Hispanic children used in the study and obesity-related outcomes (eg, dietary behaviors and anthropometric measurements). Data extraction and evaluation were completed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual. Results Ten articles (United States = 4; Mexico = 6) meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated. Eight studies that included a community-based framework, intensive nutrition education, and continuous communication among stakeholders resulted in improvements in dietary behaviors and anthropometric measurements among children compared to control groups. Conclusions Incorporating community-based frameworks may increase the efficacy of school-based intervention programs to reduce obesity-related outcomes among Hispanic children.
Medicaid Family Planning Expansions: The Effect of State Plan Amendments on Postpartum Contraceptive Use.

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of state Medicaid family planning (FP) programs transitioning from a Section 1115 waiver to a State Plan Amendment (SPA) on reproductive health outcomes....
Relationship of athletic and academic identity to concussion reporting intentions.

Abstract Background Understanding concussed athletes' motivations for reporting concussion symptoms is important for health care professionals who are charged with the care, management, and prevention of future injury. Objectives To examine if athletic and academic identity predict concussion symptom reporting intentions above and beyond traditional socio-cognitive predictors. Design Cross-sectional study using self-report measures during the 2016 collegiate football season. Method In a sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I American football athletes (N = 205) we examined the relationship of athletic and academic identity with three indices of symptom reporting behavior: reporting during a game, reporting 24 h after a game, and reporting on behalf of a teammate. We used descriptive statistical analyses, correlations, and linear regression to examine hypotheses. Results Controlling for traditional predictors, athletic identity was associated with a lower likelihood to report symptoms during a game (β = −0.22, t = −3.28, p Conclusions Athletic and academic identities offer additional insight into athletes' motivation for concussion symptom reporting intentions, above and beyond traditional socio-cognitive predictors. Discussion focuses on the benefit of incorporating these important self-identities into educational health interventions to improve their impact.
Estimating the Impact of Food and Drug Administration's Unapproved Drug Initiative on Drug Prices and Sales.

Background:The 2006 FDA’s Unapproved Drug Initiative (UDI) aimed to improve safety and public health by decreasing the availability of drug products that never obtained FDA approval (unapproved dru...
The Massive Hosts of Radio Galaxies across Cosmic Time

We present the results of a comprehensive Spitzer survey of 69 radio galaxies across 1 60% for ~75% of the high-redshift radio galaxies. As expected from unified models of AGNs, the stellar fraction of the rest-frame H-band luminosity has no correlation with redshift, radio luminosity, or rest-frame mid-IR (5 μm) luminosity. In addition, while the stellar H-band luminosity does not vary with stellar fraction, the total H-band luminosity anticorrelates with the stellar fraction as would be expected if the underlying hosts of these radio galaxies comprise a homogeneous population. The resultant stellar luminosities imply stellar masses of 10^(11)-10^(11.5) M_☉ even at the highest redshifts. Powerful radio galaxies tend to lie in a similar region of mid-IR color-color space as unobscured AGNs, despite the stellar contribution to their mid-IR SEDs at shorter wavelengths. The mid-IR luminosities alone classify most HzRGs as LIRGs or ULIRGs with even higher total-IR luminosities. As expected, these exceptionally high mid-IR luminosities are consistent with an obscured, highly accreting AGN. We find a weak correlation of stellar mass with radio luminosity.
Effect of Physical Activity on Academic Engagement and Executive Functioning in Children With ASD

Numerous interventions have been identified as evidence-based practices for educating students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Physical activity (PA) has recently been recognized as an evidenc...