cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Trait Loci for Antibiosis Resistance to Corn Earworm in Soybean

In more than 25 yr since the discovery of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resistance to defoliating insects, attempts to introgress this trait into elite germplasm have been relatively unsuccessful. Resistance to defoliating insects in soybean is expressed as a combination of antibiosis (toxicity) and antixenosis (nonpreference). Both of these resistance modes are inherited quantitatively in soybean. The objectives of this study were (i) to use restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in soybean for antibiosis against corn earworm (CEW) (Helicoverpa zea Boddie), (ii) to determine the relative magnitude, gene action, and genomic locations of these QTLs, and (iii) to compare them to previously detected soybean antixenosis QTLs. Restriction fragment length polymorphism maps were constructed in three soybean F 2 populations segregating for antibiosis against CEW: Cobb' × P1171451, Cobb × PI227687, and Cobb × PI229358. Antibiosis was measured as larval weight gain in a detached leaf assay. The RFLP data were associated with insect bioassay data to detect QTLs for antibiosis in each cross. Variance component heritability estimates for antibiosis in the three crosses were 54, 42, and 62% in Cobb × P1171451, Cobb × PI227687, and Cobb × PI229358, respectively. An antibiosis QTL on Linkage Group (LG) M was detected in both Cobb X PI171451 and Cobb × PI229358 (R 2 values of 28 and 22%, respectively). An antixenosis QTL was also significant at this location in the same two crosses. This was the only insect-resistance QTL that was detected for both antibiosis and antixenosis. Antibiosis QTLs were also detected on LGs F and B2 in Cobb × PI227687 (R 2 = 33 and 12%, respectively), and LGs G and J in Cobb × PI229358 (R 2 = 19% for each). Antibiosis was conditioned by the PI (resistant parent) allele at the QTLs on LGs G, M, and B2, whereas the susceptible parent, Cobb, provided antibiosis alleles at the QTLs on LGs F and J.
Holocene history of the El Niño phenomenon as recorded in flood sediments of northern coastal Peru

Significant precipitation along the north-central coast of Peru (lat 5°-10°S) occurs exclusively during El Nino incursions of warm water into the Peruvian littoral. Flood deposits from this region therefore provide a proxy record of extreme El Nino events. I present a 3500 yr chronology of the extreme events based on radiocarbon dating of overbank flood sediments from the Rio Casma (lat 9.2°S).The flood-plain stratigraphy suggests that the El Nino phenomenon has occurred throughout the Holocene and that flood events much larger than that which occurred during 1982-1983 occur here at least once every 1000 yr.
Complementary Oppositions in the Construal of Self and Others

In the construal of self and others, highly diverse, idiosyncratic, and evocative adjectival terms were manifested as contrasting, opposite terms for a set of supplied constructs rather than conventional antonyms. These "personal contrasts" are seen as a neglected companion to George Kelly's (The Psychology of Personal Constructs, 1955) conception of "personal constructs". These construct/contrast pairings are seen as representing connected, complementary aspects of an essential unity such that each side of a pair informs the meaning of the other. This complementarity, long recognized in an extensive literature on polar, dichotomous, and binary pairs in the physical and social worlds, is seen as having applicability to many descriptive adjectives. It is suggested that adjectival complementary pairings often involve unique associative linkages, the tracing of which could prove fruitful for understanding the construal of self and others.
Plasma transport control and self-sustaining fusion reactor

The possibility of a high-performance/low-cost fusion reactor concept which can simultaneously satisfy (1) high beta, (2) high bootstrap fractio (self-sustaining) and (3) high confinement is discussed. In CDX-U, a tokamak configuration was created and sustained solely by internally generated bootstrap currents, in which a 'seed' current is created through a nonclassical current diffusion process. Recent theoretical studies of MHD stability limits in spherical tori [e.g. the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX)] produced a promising regime with stable beta of 45% and bootstrap current fraction of . Since the bootstrap current is generated by the pressure gradient, to satisfy the needed current profile for MHD stable high beta regimes, it is essential to develop a means to control the pressure profile. It is suggested that the most efficient approach for pressure profile control is through the creation of transport barriers (localized regions of low plasma transport) in the plasma. As a tool for creating the core transport barrier, poloidal-sheared-flow generation by ion Bernstein waves (IBW) near the wave absorption region appears to be promising. In PBX-M, application of IBW power produced a high-quality internal transport barrier where the ion energy and particle transport became neoclassical in the barrier region. The observation is consistent with the IBW-induced-poloidal-sheared-flow model. An experiment is planned on TFTR to demonstrate this concept with D - T reactor-grade plasmas. For edge transport control, a method based on electron ripple injection (ERI), driven by electron cyclotron heating (ECH), is being developed on CDX-U. It is estimated that both the IBW and ERI methods can create a transport barrier in reactor-grade plasmas (e.g. ITER) with a relatively small amount of power .
Breast Cancer Src Activity: Bad to the Bone

Bone metastases are a major cause of breast cancer morbidity and mortality. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Zhang and colleagues identify a Src activation expression signature associated with late-onset breast cancer bone metastases and provide evidence for Src as a key mediator of survival signals in latent bone metastases.
Imaging and management of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis

Primary osteoarthritis (OA) involving the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a common and frequently debilitating disease. Clinical examination and radiographs are usually sufficient for diagnosis; however, familiarity with the cross-sectional anatomy is useful for diagnosis of this condition. The most widely used classification system for the radiographic staging of thumb carpometacarpal joint OA was first presented by Eaton and Littler, ranging from mild (stages I and II) to severe (stage IV) disease. If conservative treatment fails, surgical treatment is considered. A variety of surgical techniques have been developed and implemented for the management of this pervasive and disabling condition. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy of the basal joints of the thumb, pathophysiology, preoperative imaging, and various surgical techniques that are utilized in the treatment of OA of the basal joints of the thumb with emphasis on normal postoperative radiographic findings and possible postoperative complications.
Annual change in spirometric parameters among patients affected in Bhopal gas disaster: A retrospective observational study

Background: The involvement of respiratory system due to inhalation of methyl isocyanate (MIC) during Bhopal gas disaster was particularly severe. We retrospectively evaluated the annual changes in spirometric parameters among those who were affected in this disaster (exposed survivors) and had respiratory symptoms. Materials and Methods: Spirometry reports of exposed survivors that were carried out in our institution were retrospectively reviewed and we identified 252 subjects who had performed spirometry at least twice with interval of more than one year. The annual changes in spirometric indices of them were calculated. Results: The average age of study population was 55.7 years and 72% were male. Annual decline of FEV 1 ≥ 40 ml/yr was observed among 48% exposed survivors. The mean annual decline of FEV 1 among symptomatic exposed survivors with initial normal spirometry was 91 ml (95% CI: 52 ml to 130 ml) and this was more than the patients with initial obstructive pattern. Among fifty four patients with initial normal spirometry, ten patients (18.5%) developed obstructive and two patients (5%) developed restrictive lung function abnormalities during follow up spirometry. Conclusion: The exposed survivors with chronic respiratory symptoms had accelerated decline in lung function and they are at higher risk of developing obstructive lung function.
PCR as a Diagnostic Tool for the Rapid Detection of Burkholderia cepacia in the Sputum of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis ♦ 1973

Culture detection of Burkholderia cepacia in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is problematic. The difficulties may be partially due to the recent demonstration that isolates currently identified as B. cepacia consist of several species, the “B. cepacia complex.” In addition, growth of B. cepacia may require 72h or more, and species from other genuses grow on selective media, requiring further testing to establish an accurate identification. Improvements in the detection of B. cepacia would not rely on culture, would detect the organism in low quantities, and would be specific to B. cepacia. The objectives of this study were twofold. The first goal was to determine if B. cepacia could be detected directly from sputum samples using PCR and the second goal was to compare the PCR detection with the standard culture detection. We examined sputum samples from two CF centers serving children and adults. Following liquefaction of the sputa using N-acetyl-L-cysteine, DNA was isolated and analyzed in PCRs with three different primer pairs directed toward bacterial ribosomal RNA loci. Two primer pairs were putatively specific for B. cepacia. The other pair, which universally amplifies a band from all bacteria, served as a control. Sputum samples were obtained from 219 patients and analyzed independently by culture and by PCR to detect B. cepacia. The analyses were performed blinded with respect to each other. Results of the PCR with sputa demonstrated that the primers directed to the 16S rRNA loci demonstrated approximately 95% concordance with culture results and were more specific than those amplifying the 16S-23S spacer region. In addition, the 16S primer pair putatively identified B. cepacia in seven patients whose sputa were culture negative at this time. Of these culture negative patients, five had sputum that was culture positive for B. cepacia either prior or subsequent to this study. The results of this study indicate the utility of PCR as a diagnostic method for the rapid identification of B. cepacia in the sputum of both child and adult CF patients. We anticipate that improvements in our taxonomic understanding may allow the design of more specific primers for detection of each species of the B. cepacia complex in sputum.
Generalized storage-reliability-yield relationships

Abstract Traditionally water resource engineers have employed Rippl's mass curve approach or its automated equivalent sequent peak alogrithm, in conjunction with the historical streamflow sequence to obtain a single estimate of the design capacity of a storage reservoir. More recently stochastic streamflow models have been recommended for use in deriving the probability distribution of the required capacity of a storage reservoir to maintain a prespecified release. The use of stochastic streamflow models in conjunction with the sequent peak algorithm leads to a storage-reliability-yield (S-R-Y) relationship. This study develops approximate but general expressions which describe the over-year S-R-Y relationship when annual streamflows are log normal and follow a first-order autoregressive model. These expressions were developed for three reasons: (1) to provide preliminary design capacity or yield estimates for storage reservoirs governed by over-year storage requirements; (2) to improve our understanding of the S-R-Y relationship; and (3) to facilitate Monte-Carlo experiments which examine the sampling properties of reservoir design capacity and/or yield estimates.
The caesium enhancement effect observed during SIMS ultra shallow depth profile analysis of SiO2 on Si

Exponential-like trends were observed between the implanted Cs concentration and the secondary ion intensities of Si y and O y resulting from 1 keV Cs q primary ion ultra shallow depth profile analysis of Si bearing 0.9 and 6 nm SiO films. 2 q . The Cs concentration as a function of Cs flux was derived via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS of the elemental composition present within the sputtered craters that were terminated at incrementally shorter Cs q sputtering times across the secondary ion transient region. The variation in the secondary ion signals with Cs content is consistent with a dipole layer formation mechanism. Derivation of analytical functions describing this Cs enhancement effect allows for the removal of the transient effects observed in the Si y and O y secondary ion depth profiles. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Modeling nonindustrial private forest landowner behavior in face of woody bioenergy markets

Abstract This article analyzed the impacts of emerging woody bioenergy markets on the behavior of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in the state of Florida, United States. A seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) approach was used to assess the supply of sawtimber, pulpwood, woody bioenergy and demand for labor. Data was gathered from official statistical reports of the forestry sector in Florida spanning 1970 to 2006. The econometric analysis suggested that consistent own price elasticities could be obtained from the SUR approach. The results indicated that an increased price of woody bioenergy implied an increase in the production of pulpwood and demand for labor. Results also suggested that forest landowners might financially benefit from emerging bioenergy markets.
Thermal conductivity measurements for nitrogen in the dense gaseous state

A coaxial cylindrical type of cell was designed and constructed for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of gases at high pressures and moderate temperatures. This cell was used to establish the thermal conductivity of nitrogen for pressures up to 4,625 lb./sq.in.abs. and for temperatures of 22.2° and 50.5°C. The resulting thermal conductivity values were found to be in agreement with values reported in the literature for nitrogen at these elevated pressures. These experimental measurements indicate that the cell developed for this investigation is capable of producing reliable thermal conductivities for gases at high pressures.
The Invention of the United States Senate

The Invention of the United States Senate. By Daniel Wirls and Stephen Wirls. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 288p. 18.95 paper.In a meeting in Moscow some years ago, the former Soviet Union's principal Americanologist, Georgi Arbatov, complained to me quite seriously, “We study your system, and we still do not know how it works.” Probably one reason for Arbatov's expressed puzzlement had to do with the role played in the American governmental system by the United States Senate, of which, at the time of our conversation, I was a member.
Application of functional link neural network to HVAC thermal dynamic system identification

Recent efforts to incorporate aspects of artificial intelligence into the design and operation of automatic control systems have focused attention on techniques such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks and expert systems. The use of computers for direct digital control highlights the recent trend toward more effective and efficient heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) control methodologies. Researchers in the HVAC field have stressed the importance of self-learning in building control systems and have encouraged further studies in the integration of optimal control and other advanced techniques into the formulation of such systems. Artificial neural networks can also be used to emulate the plant dynamics, in order to estimate future plant outputs and obtain plant input/output sensitivity information for online neural control adaptation. This paper describes a functional link neural network approach to performing the HVAC thermal dynamic system identification. Methodologies to reduce inputs of the functional link network to reduce the complexity and speed up the training speed are presented. Analysis and comparison between the functional link network approach and the conventional network approach for the HVAC thermal modeling are also presented.
Die Selbststeuerung eines Lean-Brain-Systems

Heutigen Managern sagt man oft nach, sie kummerten sich zu wenig um Inhalte. Sie sahen nur die Form, also die Organisation und die Ablaufe. Manager kummerten sich nicht um das, was eigentlich getan wird.
Measuring Anxiety in Adolescents Exposed to Community Violence: A Review, Comparison, and Analysis of Three Measures

Exposure to community violence can influence adolescents' anxiety. Researchers have examined the relationship between exposure to community violence and anxiety. In their pursuit to explore that relationship, researchers have used a variety of instruments. This review of literature provides an overview of the instruments used to measure anxiety in adolescents exposed to community violence and evaluates three of these measures. The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were frequently used to measure anxiety in adolescents exposed to community violence. These instruments have good reliability and construct validity.
Beyond the Individual: The Impact of Ethnic Context and Classroom Behavioral Norms on Victims' Adjustment.

With a sample of 1,630 sixth-grade students from 77 classrooms, the authors used hierarchical linear modeling to examine how ethnicity within context and classroom social disorder influenced the association between peer victimization and social-psychological adjustment (loneliness and social anxiety). Victimized students in classrooms where many classmates shared their ethnicity reported feeling the most loneliness and social anxiety. Additionally, classroom-level social disorder served as a moderator such that the association between victimization and anxiety was stronger in classrooms with low social disorder. Both findings were interpreted as evidence that problem behavior deviating from what is perceived as normative in a particular context heightens maladjustment. The authors discuss implications for studying ethnicity and classroom behavioral norms as context variables in peer relations.
Association of Central and Peripheral Blood Pressures With Intermediate Cardiovascular Phenotypes

In conclusion, numerous studies have documented a superior relation of central over brachial BP to intermediate cardiovascular phenotypes or cardiovascular target organ damage. In general, PP has been more strongly related to vascular disease, whereas systolic pressure seems to be a more important determinant of LVH. The similarity of findings in a wide variety of patient-based and population-based studies as well as a broad range of ethnicities supports the robust nature of this phenomenon. Although data regarding the superiority of central over brachial PP with regard to LV diastolic dysfunction are preliminary, the importance of LVH, female sex, and aging as underlying risk factors for HFPEF suggests that more extensive evaluation is likely to reveal a stronger relation of central than peripheral BP with this additional measure of target organ involvement. Finally, limited data suggesting a more important impact of reversing hypertensive cardiovascular hypertrophy by lowering central pressure for a given brachial pressure require confirmation in larger, longitudinal intervention studies.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a High-Pressure Photo-Emission Gas Spectrometer

A supersonic flow through a photo-emission gas spectrometer that consists of differentially pumped axisymmetric vacuum chambers is investigated in the present work. In order to capture the shock waves residing in the chambers due to high inlet-to-exit pressure ratios, the flux vector splitting technique of Van Leer was applied to the finite volume formulation of the Euler equations. A uniform Cartesian mesh was used to discretize the entire domain, both fluid and solid, and cut cells combined with a flow tangency condition were employed at the fluid-solid interface. At very high pressure ratios, a periodic motion of shock waves was observed in the chambers. For verification of the computed results, a comparison study was conducted with the use of a commercial CFD software, capable of performing dynamic grid adaptation. Nomenclature a = speed of sound p c = specific heat at constant pressure
Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Conventional and Diversified Crop Rotation Systems

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important in agro-ecosystems as generalist predators of invertebrate pests and weed seeds and as prey for larger animals. However, it is not well understood how cropping systems affect ground beetles. Over a 2-yr period, carabids were monitored two times per month using pitfall traps in a conventional chemical input, 2-yr, corn/soybean rotation system and a low input, 4-yr, corn/soybean/triticale-alfalfa/alfalfa rotation system. Carabid assemblages were largely dominated by a few species across all cropping treatments with Poecilus chalcites Say comprising >70% of pitfall catches in both years of study. Overall carabid activity density and species richness were higher in the low input, 4-yr rotation compared with the conventionally managed, 2-yr rotation. There were greater differences in the temporal activity density and species richness of carabids among crops than within corn and soybean treatments managed with different agrichemical inputs and soil disturbance regimes. Detrended correspondence analysis showed strong yearly variation in carabid assemblages in all cropping treatments. The increase in carabid activity density and species richness observed in the 4-yr crop rotation highlights the potential benefits of diverse crop habitats for carabids and the possibility for managing natural enemies by manipulating crop rotations.
The effects of band bending on the photoconductivity in a-Si:H

Abstract The effects of band bending on photoconductivity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon were systematically investigated by measuring the photoconductivity on field effect transistors as a function of the applied gate voltage. The intensity and the spectral dependence of the photoconductivity showed large changes due to band bending. The results suggest that much of the conflicting photoconductivity results are due to band bending. There is some evidence for depleting interface gap states by band bending.
Y-branches: when you come to a fork in the road, take it

In this paper, we study the effects of manipulating the architected direction of conditional branches. Through the use of statistical sampling, we .nd that about 40% of all dynamic branches and about 50% of mispredicted branches do not affect correct program behavior when forced down the incorrect path. We call such branches Y-branches.To further examine this unexpected phenomenon, we provide a characterization of the coding constructs that give rise to such branches. Examples of such coding constructs include short-circuits and ineffectual loop iterations. We provide a statistical breakdown of the frequency of these branches and their constructs. Finally, we suggest some techniques for exploiting this behavior, particularly when it results from short-circuit constructs.
Phenotypic silencing of cytoplasmic genes using sequence-specific double-stranded short interfering RNA and its application in the reverse genetics of wild type negative-strand RNA viruses

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by short interfering RNA has opened up new directions in the phenotypic mutation of cellular genes. However, its efficacy on non-nuclear genes and its effect on the interferon pathway remain unexplored. Since directed mutation of RNA genomes is not possible through conventional mutagenesis, we have tested sequence-specific 21-nucleotide long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) for their ability to silence cytoplasmic RNA genomes. Short dsRNAs were generated against specific mRNAs of respiratory syncytial virus, a nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA virus with a cytoplasmic life cycle. At nanomolar concentrations, the dsRNAs specifically abrogated expression of the corresponding viral proteins, and produced the expected mutant phenotype ex vivo. The dsRNAs did not induce an interferon response, and did not inhibit cellular gene expression. The ablation of the viral proteins correlated with the loss of the specific mRNAs. In contrast, viral genomic and antigenomic RNA, which are encapsidated, were not directly affected. Synthetic inhibitory dsRNAs are effective in specific silencing of RNA genomes that are exclusively cytoplasmic and transcribed by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. RNA-directed RNA gene silencing does not require cloning, expression, and mutagenesis of viral cDNA, and thus, will allow the generation of phenotypic null mutants of specific RNA viral genes under normal infection conditions and at any point in the infection cycle. This will, for the first time, permit functional genomic studies, attenuated infections, reverse genetic analysis, and studies of host-virus signaling pathways using a wild type RNA virus, unencumbered by any superinfecting virus.
The impact of process parameters on the fracture of device structures during chip joining on organic laminates

Detailed observations of the impact of various process parameters on the fracture of brittle structures in low-k dielectric flip chips assembled on organic laminates using lead-free metallurgies are reported. Specifically, a simple model is first presented to evaluate the stresses transmitted to the chip back end of line structures which are susceptible to failure during the reflow at chip joining. These stresses are regulated by creep deformation, so that damage to the chip can be controlled by carefully engineering the creep properties of the solder joints. We introduce new experimental techniques to monitor the creep behaviour of the joints during the reflow. In particular, we describe the use of a laser interferometer technique to monitor the chip curvature with a high sampling rate (few Hz) throughout the reflow. It is shown that these measurements can be used to predict the likelihood of causing brittle fracture in the chip structures. Additionally, we present electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data for the microstructure of a large number of solder joints. Using a combination of these theoretical and experimental observations, we derive a complete phenomenology for brittle fractures in the chip during the reflow. The creep-limited stresses are a strong function of solder joint plastic strain rates, which in turn are a strong function of cooling rates during the reflow. Creep properties are also a strong function of the solder metallurgy: reducing the silver content in the SnAgCu alloys results in a higher propensity for creep and correspondingly lower stresses. Thermal treatments at high temperature, such as annealing, can affect the characteristics of the intermetallic compounds, resulting in different creep properties. These trends are observed as the limiting behaviour of the relatively large number of solder joints in typical flip chip packages, but due to the small size of the solder joints (approximately 100 mum in diameter), significant variability is observed from joint to joint in the interconnect array. We link this variability to the joint microstructure by showing that the size and orientation of the few grains generally forming these joints influence the risk to cause damage in the chip.
Dialectic as Environment: A Brunswik Lens Model of Dialectical Inquiring Systems

The previous chapter formulated the dialectic in terms of Ackoff’s ‘Behavioral theory of Communication’ (1958). The primary purpose of this chapter is to develop a Brunswik (1955) Lens Model foumulation (Hursch et al., 1964). The Ackoff formulation is most appropriate for those situations in which we want to calculate the information behavior (e.g., content, transfer) of given or existent systems and for designing systems from an information-theoretic point of view. The Brunswik formulation, on the other hand, is better suited for the design of Behavioral Science experiments, e.g., complex decision-making experiments that utilize the DIS (Dialectical Inquiring System) as complex stimuli and responses (Mitroff and Sagasti, 1973). In effect, a Brunswik formulation allows us to engage in experimental design. Given the Brunswik formulation, we can discuss the range of experimental designs that are possible with regard to the dialectic.
Osmotic dehydration of apple slices with CaCl2 and sucrose limits decay caused by Penicillium expansum, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botrytis cinerea and does not promote Listeria monocytogenes or total aerobic population growth

The interaction of Penicillium expansum Link, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. with Listeria monocytogenes on osmotically dehydrated apple slices was evaluated. In mineral analyses of the slices, the calcium content of the peel and flesh tissues increased by 4- and 11-fold, respectively, when processed in 2% CaCl2. These slices also exhibited less decay by P. expansum, C. acutatum, and B. cinerea. Inoculation of slices with P. expansum resulted in a decrease in the pH of the flesh tissue at the infection site, while the pHs of slices infected with C. acutatum and B. cinerea increased and remained stable, respectively. Total mold population increased in wounds inoculated with P. expansum or C. acutatum. The presence of L. monocytogenes in the wounds did not significantly affect mold growth. The association of P. expansum and L. monocytogenes on apple slices resulted in a decrease in the bacterial population, whereas L. monocytogenes survived when slices were inoculated with C. acutat...
Correspondence between Simulator and On-Road Drive Performance: Implications for Assessment of Driving Safety

Forty-two younger (Mean age = 35) and 37 older drivers (Mean age = 77) completed four similar simulated drives. In addition, 32 younger and 30 older drivers completed a standard on-road drive in an instrumented vehicle. Performance in the simulated drives was evaluated using both electronic drive data and video-review of errors. Safety errors during the on-road drive were evaluated by a certified driving instructor blind to simulator performance, using state Department of Transportation criteria. We examined the degree of convergence in performance across the two platforms on various driving tasks including lane change, lane keeping, speed control, stopping, turns, and overall performance. Differences based on age group indicated a pattern of strong relative validity for simulator measures. However, relative rank-order in specific metrics of performance suggested a pattern of moderate relative validity. The findings have implications for the use of simulators in assessments of driving safety as well as its use in training and/or rehabilitation settings.
TREETALK: Composition and Compression of Trees for Image Descriptions

We present a new tree based approach to composing expressive image descriptions that makes use of naturally occuring web images with captions. We investigate two related tasks: image caption generalization and generation , where the former is an optional sub-task of the latter. The high-level idea of our approach is to harvest expressive phrases (as tree fragments) from existing image descriptions, then to compose a new description by selectively combining the extracted (and optionally pruned) tree fragments. Key algorithmic components are tree composition and compression , both integrating tree structure with sequence structure. Our proposed system attains significantly better performance than previous approaches for both image caption generalization and generation . In addition, our work is the first to show the empirical benefit of automatically generalized captions for composing natural image descriptions.
Host Plants and Seasonal Development of the European Corn Borer in New Jersey

The presence of the European corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis (Hbn.), in New Jersey was first recorded in 1926 and, although the insect could be found over much of the state by 1932, the infestation in corn that year averaged less than one borer per 100 plants. By 1934 infestation in the south central counties of Monmouth, Ocean, Burlington and Atlantic had increased considerably but was still low, averaging only 12 borers per 100 plants for that area. In 1935 damage was evident in the more heavily infested fields. Infestation continued to increase steadily and, in 1937, the losses in fields of highest infestation were so serious that a number of growers reduced their corn acreage and a few farmers discontinued growing this crop.
A negation-free version of the Berry paradox

be forced to perform it. But that supposition is precisely equivalent to the proposition that Steiner wants to prove, namely, that every right carries with it a power to enforce. The false claim that every right entails a corresponding power needs to be distinguished from two other claims that are more likely to be true. The first is that it is not accidental, but something like a conceptual truth, that most rights carry powers with them. In understanding what a right is, in other words, one also understands that in paradigm cases the right-holder is able to choose whether or not to enforce his right. But this is of course compatible with recognising the existence of non-paradigm cases where the power to enforce is lacking.1 The second is that creatures incapable of exercising powers are by the same token incapable of possessing rights. To exercise a power one must be able to distinguish actions which violate one's rights from other (possibly equally unwelcome) actions which do not, and then be capable of issuing a moral or legal demand for reparation. It would be incongruous to attribute primary rights to creatures lacking these capacities, since their moral status could be described entirely in terms of the duties owed to them by others. This is why animals are properly said to lack rights. Does anything of substance follow from this ? Steiner's view entails, inter alia, that future generations have no rights against us, since they necessarily lack the powers to enforce that would correspond to those rights. Anyone who believes that our obligations to our descendents need to be spelt out in terms of their rights ought to be relieved that the view in question is false.
Theory of the Superfluid-Solid Transition of He 4

We investigate the pressure-induced superfluid-solid transition of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ at $T=0$. Neglecting the accidental instability against nucleation, we find a definite stability limit at which the superfluid phase becomes intrinsically unstable against a density fluctuation number ${Q}_{L}$. We find that the roton minimum with frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}({Q}_{L})$ is the soft mode associated with this stability limit. This interpretation reflects the observed pressure dependence both of the roton minimum and of the first maximum of the structure factor at ${Q}_{L}$.
Identification of coelomocyte unconventional myosin and its association with in vivo particle/vesicle motility

Sea urchin coelomocytes undergo an inducible structural transformation from petalloid to filopodial form during the ‘clotting’ response in sea urchins. Using a petalloid coelomocyte model, stimulated coelomocytes exhibited bidirectional particle/vesicle motility with a broad distribution of velocities, ranging from 0.02 to 0.12 microns s-1 in the outward bound direction. Coelomocytes treated with the microtubule-disrupting drug, nocodazole, continued to exhibit outward particle/vesicle movements along linear paths with an average velocity of 0.028 +/- 0.006 microns s-1. We partially purified a 110 kDa polypeptide possessing K+EDTA-, Ca2(+)-, Mg2(+)- and F-actin-activated Mg(2+)-ATPase activities characteristic of myosin-like motor proteins. The 110 kDa protein immuno-crossreacted with both affinity-purified, anti-brush border unconventional myosin-I polyclonal antibodies and anti-Acanthamoeba myosin head monoclonal antibodies. By indirect immunofluorescence, the 110 kDa unconventional myosin was localized to clusters of particles/vesicles within the perinuclear region of unstimulated coelomocytes, an area containing numerous mitochondria, acidic, lysosomal and Golgi organelles. Indirect immunofluorescence of partially transformed and filopodial coelomocytes detected a diminution of perinuclear staining with a concomitant appearance of stained linear arrays of particles/vesicles, enhanced staining of peripheral lamellae, and staining of the entire length of the filopodia. Subfractionation of unstimulated coelomocyte homogenates on linear sucrose gradients identified distinct peaks of ATPase activity associated with fractions containing conventional and 110 kDa unconventional myosin. Unconventional myosin-containing fractions were found to have numerous particles that stained with anti-brush border unconventional myosin-I antibodies and the lipophilic dye, DiOC6. Thus, coelomocytes demonstrate activatable movements of particles/vesicles in cells devoid of microtubules and possess an unconventional myosin, which may be the motor protein driving particle/vesicle translocation.
Nomenclature and Classification of Odontogenic Tumors — Part II: Clarification of Specific Nomenclature

Accurate identification of odontogenic tumors is critical for productive communication and an important foundation for useful comparative epidemiologic studies of odontogenic tumors in both domestic animals and humans. This manuscript illuminates the subject of veterinary odontogenic tumor nomenclature and will serve as a foundation for future updates in nomenclature and classification of odontogenic tumors.
Complementation of Arginine Auxotrophy for Genetic Transformation of Coxiella burnetii by Use of a Defined Axenic Medium.

ABSTRACT Host cell-free (axenic) culture of Coxiella burnetii in acidified citrate cysteine medium-2 (ACCM-2) has provided important opportunities for investigating the biology of this naturally obligate intracellular pathogen and enabled the development of tools for genetic manipulation. However, ACCM-2 has complex nutrient sources that preclude a detailed study of nutritional factors required for C. burnetii growth. Metabolic reconstruction of C. burnetii predicts that the bacterium cannot synthesize all amino acids and therefore must sequester some from the host. To examine C. burnetii amino acid auxotrophies, we developed a nutritionally defined medium with known amino acid concentrations, termed ACCM-D. Compared to ACCM-2, ACCM-D supported longer logarithmic growth, a more gradual transition to stationary phase, and approximately 5- to 10-fold greater overall replication. Small-cell-variant morphological forms generated in ACCM-D also showed increased viability relative to that generated in ACCM-2. Lack of growth in amino acid-deficient formulations of ACCM-D revealed C. burnetii auxotrophy for 11 amino acids, including arginine. Heterologous expression of Legionella pneumophilaargGH in C. burnetii permitted growth in ACCM-D missing arginine and supplemented with citrulline, thereby providing a nonantibiotic means of selection of C. burnetii genetic transformants. Consistent with bioinformatic predictions, the elimination of glucose did not impair C. burnetii replication. Together, these results highlight the advantages of a nutritionally defined medium in investigations of C. burnetii metabolism and the development of genetic tools. IMPORTANCE Host cell-free growth and genetic manipulation of Coxiella burnetii have revolutionized research of this intracellular bacterial pathogen. Nonetheless, undefined components of growth medium have made studies of C. burnetii physiology difficult and have precluded the development of selectable markers for genetic transformation based on nutritional deficiencies. Here, we describe a medium, containing only amino acids as the sole source of carbon and energy, which supports robust growth and improved viability of C. burnetii. Growth studies confirmed that C. burnetii cannot replicate in medium lacking arginine. However, genetic transformation of the bacterium with constructs containing the last two genes in the L. pneumophila arginine biosynthesis pathway (argGH) allowed growth on defined medium missing arginine but supplemented with the arginine precursor citrulline. Our results advance the field by facilitating studies of C. burnetii metabolism and allowing non-antibiotic-based selection of C. burnetii genetic transformants, an important achievement considering that selectable makers based on antibiotic resistance are limited.
The far-field spectrum of the displacement generated by a sudden SH crack

abstract The far-field spectrum of the displacement caused by a two-dimensional SH crack (antiplane shear crack) that appears suddenly over a strip of width 2 R is obtained in terms of the elliptic cylinder Mathieu functions. The amplitude spectrum of the displacement exhibits the following four features in terms of the normalized frequency h ( h = Rω/β where R is the half-width of the crack, ω is the circular frequency and β is the shear-wave velocity): (1) for h h −1,2 ; (2) at h = 1 the amplitude spectrum has a corner frequency; (3) for h > 1 the amplitude spectrum behaves as h −2 ; (4) the azimuthal dependence of the amplitude is like sin θ. The first result is a consequence of the infinite area occupied by the crack. The corner frequency at h = 1 is smaller than the value proposed in other studies (e.g., Brune, 1970; Randall, 1973), and this is attributed to the two-dimensional nature of the problem. The high-frequency falloff of h −2 is in agreement with the model of Brune (1970). The radiation pattern of sin θ is identical to that obtained by Burridge and Halliday (1971) for the same problem.
Cooperation and Its Evolution

Cooperation and Its Evolution captures the quality of contemporary scholarship on cooperation. The Introduction by the editors, Kim Sterelny, Richard Joyce, Brett Calcott, and Ben Fraser and twenty...
Implementation of an Efficient Library for Asynchronous Circuit Design with Synopsys

In certain applications, asynchronous integrated circuits offer several benefits including speed and power. However, it is difficult to take advantage of these benefits because of the lack of asynchronous design methodology and integration with EDA software tools. Most digital circuits are synchronous, so most of the design tools are intended for synchronous design. In this paper a customized C-element was developed, integrated with Synopsys software and tested by incorporating it in a HDL design. An asynchronous FIFO was designed and synthesized as a test case. The results were compared to a synchronous FIFO for throughput, latency, area, and power.
Compatibility of cefmetazole sodium with commonly used drugs during Y-site delivery

The compatibility of cefmetazole sodium and selected other drugs during Y-site delivery was evaluated. Cefmetazole 100 mg/mL (as the sodium salt) in sterile water for injection and each of 34 drugs or solutions commonly used with it were mixed together by Y-site injection. Secondary drugs were administered at selected concentrations and rates and delivered by the method (i.v. push, i.v. infusion, or syringe pump) commonly used for the drug at the institution where the study was done. Each injection set included a filter system with a 0.8-micron filter disk. Tests were done in triplicate. After each test, the Y injection site and the tubing after it were visually inspected for precipitate and color change. If no particles or color change was detected, the filter disk was observed under a microscope. Drugs were deemed compatible with cefmetazole if unaided observation detected no color change or particles and the number of particles detected by microscopic examination was below that specified in USP guidelines. A precipitate formed when cefmetazole sodium mixed with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, droperidol, erythromycin (50 mg/mL, as the lactobionate), haloperidol lactate, prochlorperazine edisylate, promethazine hydrochloride, or vancomycin (50 mg/mL, as the hydrochloride salt). No particles or color change was detected by unaided observation of mixtures containing dobutamine or erythromycin 10 mg/mL, but the number of particles detected by microscopic examination exceeded USP limits. All other drugs tested were compatible with cefmetazole. Cefmetazole 100 mg/mL (as the sodium salt) in sterile water for injection was shown to be compatible with 25 of 34 tested drug solutions during Y-site delivery.
The emergency medicine approach to abdominal vascular graft complications

Abstract Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly condition, particularly with rupture. Emergency physicians provide vital frontline care to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has become the gold standard for treatment of AAA, but the management of EVAR complications is not well discussed in the emergency medicine literature. Objective of this review The purpose of this article is to provide an emergency medicine–focused review of the complications of EVAR. Discussion Although many complications may arise after AAA repair, the most common include aortoenteric fistula, endoleak, limb ischemia, and graft infection. All potential complications should receive vascular surgery consultation and hemodynamic resuscitation. Aortoenteric fistula often presents nonspecifically with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast is required for diagnosis. An endoleak is defined by vascular flow outside of the graft. The optimal diagnostic modality includes triple phase computed tomographic scan (noncontrast, arterial, delayed phase). Limb ischemia may occur before 2 months, or in a later period, with symptoms ranging from claudication to complete neurovascular compromise. Graft infection is most commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus , and imaging can suggest the diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis requires tissue or fluid sampling. Through an understanding of these complications, emergency physicians may improve patient outcomes. Conclusions With the growing use of EVAR, emergency physician exposure to complications of this procedure is increasing. Knowledge of the complication presentations, diagnoses, and management can play an integral role patient care.
Convergent Sequences of Holomorphic Functions

We have already seen three amazing results on the convergence of sequences of holomorphic functions [5.38(iv), 5.45(iii) and 5.74] which have no analog for differentiate functions on the line. In this chapter we want to explore this theme more thoroughly. We naturally start with a convenient definition.
Euripides' Medea : A New Translation

Euripides' Medea comes alive in this new translation that will be useful for both academic study and stage production. Diane J. Rayor's accurate yet accessible translation reflects the play's inherent theatricality and vibrant poetry. The book includes an analytical introduction and comprehensive notes, and an essay on directing Medea by stage director Karen Libman. The play begins after Medea, a princess in her own land, has sacrificed everything for Jason: she helped him in his quest for the Golden Fleece, eloped with him to Greece, and bore him sons. When Jason breaks his oath to her and betrays her by marrying the king's daughter - his ticket to the throne - Medea contemplates the ultimate retribution. What happens when words deceive and those you trust most do not mean what they say? Euripides' most enduring Greek tragedy is a fascinating and disturbing story of how far a woman will go to take revenge in a man's world.