cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Results of CODIS-Hit Investigations in a Sample of Cases With Unsubmitted Sexual Assault Kits:

The use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evidence in criminal cases, especially exonerations, has received high levels of public and media attention. Studies show DNA evidence can have a significant effect on case outcomes, whereas other studies have found that police investigators rarely use DNA. Coupled with work in many cities to test large numbers of older sexual assault kits, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) holds great promise for holding offenders accountable. Despite the potential value of DNA evidence, few studies have measured case processing after forensic matches have been made. This study examines investigation outcomes following DNA testing and forensic matches in a sample of previously untested sexual assault kits in the Houston Police Department. Of 104 CODIS-hit cases, one case resulted in new charges.
Measurements for a healthy gut

Swallowable electronic capsules can provide gas profiles of the gut and distinguish changes in a person’s diet.
Obstacle-Aware Wireless Video Sensor Network Deployment for 3D Indoor Monitoring

Wireless Video Sensor Networks (WVSNs) have been widely proposed for monitoring spatial environments. Dissimilar from traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) where nodes such as thermal and light sensors are often considered in 2D and with omni-directional sensing ranges, the sensing range of a video sensor in WVSNs is deemed as directional and usually cognized as a rectangular pyramid shape in 3D environments. Moreover, within indoor spaces, obstacles such as ceiling lights and furniture can easily block the line-of-sight of a video sensor. These new challenges render the traditional deployment solutions for WSNs or 2D modeling environments as impractical to solve the WVSN deployment problem for 3D indoor monitoring. In this paper, we strive to tackle the WVSN deployment problem for 3D indoor monitoring with the consideration of ensuring coverage, connectivity and obstacle awareness. We first model the general problem in a continuous 3D space to minimize the total number of required video sensors. We then convert it into a discrete version problem by incorporating 3D grids, which can achieve arbitrary approximation precision by adjusting the grid granularity. We develop a series of mechanisms to handle the obstacles in the 3D environment and propose an efficient greedy heuristic algorithm yielding high quality solutions. Based on this, we also propose an enhanced Depth First Search (DFS) algorithm that can not only further improve the solution quality, but also return optimal solutions if given enough time. Our extensive simulations demonstrate the superiority of both our greedy heuristic and enhanced DFS solutions.
Readily Accessible Ambiphilic Cyclopentadienes for Bioorthogonal Labeling

A new class of bioorthogonal reagents based on the cyclopentadiene scaffold is described. The diene 6,7,8,9-tetrachloro-1,4-dioxospiro[4,4]nona-6,8-diene (a tetrachlorocyclopentadiene ketal, TCK) is ambiphilic and self-orthogonal with remarkable stability. The diene reacts rapidly with a trans-cyclooctene and an endo-bicyclononyne, but slowly with dibenzoazacyclooctyne (DIBAC), allowing for tandem labeling studies with mutually orthogonal azides that react rapidly with DIBAC. TCK analogues are synthesized in three steps from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials.
Does Intra-ICU Initiation of Guided Mindfulness Meditation Decrease Anxiety and Depression in SAH?: A Unique Methodology for the Neurocritical Care Setting (P5.069)

Objective: We hypothesize that intra-ICU initiation of guided mindfulness meditation is feasible and will help prevent the development of anxiety and depression in good grade SAH patients. Background: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) has a case fatality rate of about 20%. Of all SAH patients, 40% are “good grade” defined as Hunt-Hess 1–2 with normal mental status whereas 60% are poor grade defined as Hunt-Hess grades 3–5 with changes in level of consciousness. Even among patients who make a good neurological recovery, moderate to severe anxiety and depression affect approximately one third. Non-pharmacological interventions like mindfulness meditation have proven efficacy in reducing symptoms from anxiety and depression in the outpatient psychiatric settings and oncologic settings. Mindfulness meditation as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive and safe intervention has not been studied for patients in the ICU setting. Design/Methods: Patients ≥ 18 with good grade SAH defined as Hunt-Hess score 1–2 will be included. SAH will be confirmed by CT scan or by finding of xanthocromia on cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with SAH due to trauma, ruptured arteriovenous formation or other secondary causes or who are admitted >14 days after onset will be excluded. Non English speaking patients, or those with a confounding cognitive deficit will not be eligible. Patients will be randomized into Intervention arm (daily guided mindfulness meditation; n= 20) or Control arm (daily session of supervised TV watching; n=20). The EQ5D-5L, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and modified Rankin score (mRS), will be collected at day 14 and 3 months. Cortisol levels will be collected at day 0, 5, 7 and 10. A total of 40 patients will be enrolled. Results: N/A Conclusions: Based on existing literature we believe that this study is feasible. It will provide pilot data for a well powered multi centered RCT to understand whether mindfulness meditation can improve behavioral outcomes in SAH patients. Disclosure: Dr. Wheelwright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dangayach has nothing to disclose. Dr. Griffiths has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gordon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bederson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kellner has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Phelan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mayer has received personal compensation for activities with Bard Medical.
Gender, Families, and Social Policy

This chapter summarizes the state of research and theory on how social policies related to family life in the United States reflect and reinforce the gender structure. First, I discuss how feminist theories of social policy explain how gender ideologies and inequalities influence the policy-making process and policy implementation. I then summarize theorizing on dominant gender paradigms of policy and how they have shaped family members’ abilities to utilize and benefit from social provisions. Contemporary U.S. family policies reinforce the gender structure largely through legislation that still assumes a married male breadwinner/female caregiver family model. I offer critiques of each paradigm and discuss how gendered assumptions of family life embedded in social policies limit our political abilities to help family members balance their care and paid work responsibilities. This discussion highlights how policies perpetuate the gender structure by not accounting for women’s and men’s overall different socioeconomic and political positions, especially as they intersect with class and race inequalities. This pretext of gender neutrality is a policy problem that points to necessary directions for future research by gender scholars, particularly empirical and theoretical work on the gendered and heteronormative effects of social policies.
Teaching Students with Stigmatized Disabilities: Identifying Critical Issues for Pedagogical Practice

It is problematic for educators to apply the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as they pertain to teaching students with psy...
Nerve Growth Factor, Nerve Grafts and Amniotic Membrane Grafts Restore Erectile Function in Rats

Abstract In an effort to reduce complications arising from radical pelvic surgery, an improved technique for restoration of autonomic innervation has been developed. The ability of nerve growth factor (NGF) alone or in combination with interposition nerve grafts, as well as the use of fetal amniotic membrane as an alternative growth matrix to enhance regeneration of ablated cavernous nerves were investigated in rats. Rats with ablated cavernous nerve displayed little or no penile erection, either in response to direct electrical stimulation or to an estrous female rat. A step wise improvement in electrically induced erections was observed by NGF alone, nerve graft alone, and the combination of NGF and nerve graft. Restoration of sexual behavior followed the same pattern obtained with electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the use of neonatal amniotic membrane as an alternative nerve growth matrix enhanced both electrically stimulated erection and mating behavior. These results suggest that the use of NGF and appropriate grafting materials can facilitate autonomic nerve regrowth and potentially reduce the morbidity of surgically induced nerve injuries.
The Art of Postcolonial Resistance and Multispecies Storytelling in Malik Sajad’s Graphic Novel Munnu: A Boy From Kashmir

This article looks at how Kashmiri author Malik Sajad’s graphic novel Munnu: A Boy From Kashmir (Fourth Estate, 2015), employs the narrative form of the kuntslerroman, cartographic interventions, a...
Implicit reappraisal as an emotional buffer: Reappraisal-related neural activity moderates the relationship between inattention and perceived stress during exposure to negative stimuli

Emotion regulation often is an adaptive option in the face of elevated perceived stress. Perceived stress has been shown to have negative consequences for physical and mental health, including cognitive deficits and difficulties controlling attention. Cognitive reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy that involves changing one's cognitive construal of an emotionally evocative stimulus to alter its emotional impact. Reappraisal can be implemented explicitly or implicitly (i.e., with or without conscious awareness). The objective of the present study was to examine whether implicit cognitive reappraisal during exposure to negative stimuli moderates the relationship between inattention and perceived stress. We found, as expected, that inattention problems are associated with increased perceived stress, but also found that one's spontaneous propensity to engage in cognitive reappraisal-as indexed by correspondence with a reliable thresholded whole-brain pattern of reappraisal implementation-moderated the relationship between inattention and perceived stress. Overall, the current study provides evidence that spontaneous reappraisal recruitment has a buffering effect on the relationship between inattention and perceived stress.
Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments Share Experiences and Advice for Supporting Students in Understanding Graphics

IntroductionKnowing how to gather information from graphics and to use that information to solve mathematics problems is an important skill. Prior research indicates that many students with visual ...
A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Approach to the Evaluation of the Neonatal Airway

This review identifies key distinctive features of the anatomy and physiology of the neonatal airway that contribute to pathology. Additionally, it highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of the airway in certain neonates with respiratory distress in the neonatal intensive care unit. Advancements in airway imaging aid in the evaluation of the neonatal airway. However, a comprehensive airway evaluation is often indicated. This requires a team of subspecialists including neonatologists, radiologists, pediatric otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, and anesthesiologists. Disorders of the airway are a common challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit. For reasons that relate to size, anatomy, and physiology, key differences exist between the neonatal airway and that of the older child or adult. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to the neonate with suspected airway pathology can improve timely diagnosis, facilitate early intervention, and potentially help avoid unnecessary additional procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit.
A Millimeter-Wave Phased Array for Communication and Sensing Systems

A 94-GHz 4×4 phased array frontend capable of two-dimensional scanning with orthogonal polarizations for wireless communication and radar systems has been designed. The phased array frontend resolves the RF signal leakage and isolation dilemma encountered in typical systems employing a single antenna for both transmission and reception, effectively maximizing the system's dynamic range and linearity operation as well as minimizing the noise figure. Simulations at 94 GHz show high performance for the phased array frontend. In the receive (RX) mode, it has noise figure of 8.5/8.4dB at the radiating element, RMS phase error of 2.38/2.36° and gain error of 1.22/1.27dB, and total array gain of 17/22.3dB for H/V polarization, respectively, and ultra-high isolations from TX-Antenna (−200/−190dB), TX-RX (−106/−180dB) and V-H antenna ports (66/69dB). In the Transmit (TX) mode at 94 GHz, it achieves a radiated power of 7.8 dBm at the element antenna and RMS gain and phase errors of 1.28 dB and 2.19° at 94 GHz, respectively.
Nucleotide excision repair hotspots of UV-induced DNA damage in the human genome

We recently developed high-throughput sequencing approaches, eXcision Repair sequencing (XR-seq) and Damage-seq, to generate genome-wide mapping of DNA excision repair and damage formation, respectively, with single-nucleotide resolution. Here, we used time-course XR-seq data to profile UV-induced excision repair dynamics, paired with Damage-seq data to quantify the overall induced DNA damage. We identified genome-wide repair hotspots exhibiting high-level nucleotide excision repair immediately after UV irradiation. We show that such repair hotspots do not result from hypersensitivity to DNA damage, and are thus not damage hotspots. We find that the earliest repair occurs preferentially in promoters and enhancers from open-chromatin regions. The repair hotspots are also significantly enriched for frequently interacting regions and super-enhancers, both of which are themselves hotspots for local chromatin interactions. Further interrogation of chromatin organization to include DNA replication timing allows us to conclude that early-repair hotspots are enriched for early-replication domains. Collectively, we report genome-wide early-repair hotspots of UV-induced damage, in association with chromatin states and epigenetic compartmentalization of the human genome.
Avalanche photomultiplication in the far infrared

We identify a process of avalanche photo-multiplication in arsenic-doped germanium initiated by far infrared (FIR) radiation at λ = 100–500 μm. The sample is biased above breakdown in a region of S-shaped negative differential conductivity (SNDC), so that electrons populate both the conduction band and excited states of donors. Primary photoionization then alters the dynamic equilibrium between impact ionization of donors and recombination leading to photomuliplication by a factor M> 102. A new FIR detector is thus provided with NEP ∼ 10−12W(Hz)−1/2 and response time τ ∼ 1 ns.
Effect of Crumb Rubber on Properties of Bitumen of Grade 60/70

With the rise in population in Pakistan, the number of vehicles is also increasing, these increasing number of vehicles causing problems for existing road structures in terms of distresses, failures and environment in terms of pollutant gases and landfills. The purpose of this study is to cater both the problems, i.e., structural and environmental. The study covers the use of crumb rubber which is obtained from waste rubber tires of vehicles, in bitumen Grade 60/70 of Attock oil refinery, so that properties of bitumen can be enhanced. Crumb rubber was ground and mixed in bitumen at different percentages for testing softening point, Ductility, penetration and flash and fire point. Results indicated that addition of crumb rubber enhanced different properties i.e. reduced penetration, increased softening point and flash and fire point, reduced ductility.
Misa Kuani: la boda p’urhépecha y sus transformaciones históricas. Un análisis etnohistórico y etnográfico

Actualmente, la boda p’urhepecha es un elaborado ritual que dura tres dias; sus principales practicas rituales se remontan a la epoca precolombina, segun las descripciones que encontramos en la Relacion de Michoacan . En este articulo expondremos algunos elementos de continuidad en las bodas de la cultura p’urhepecha con base en la propia Relacion y sobre todo en la investigacion de campo y etnohistorica realizada en la comunidad de Santo Santiago de Angahuan, en Michoacan, Mexico. El analisis de las transformaciones de la boda a traves de los anos nos permite observar una continuidad de las practicas y a la vez elucidar algunos de los principales elementos culturales que refuerzan la cosmovision p’urhepecha.
Racial disparities in genetic testing of breast cancer patients.

10591Background: TNBC is disproportionately prevalent in African American (AA) populations and in women with BRCA-1 germline mutations. BRCA mutation carriers are candidates for targeted therapy wi...
Applying uncertainty and sensitivity on thermal hydraulic subchannel analysis for the multi-application small light water reactor

Abstract Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a recent advancement in commercial nuclear reactor design with growing interest worldwide. New SMR concepts, such as the Multi-Application Small Light Water Reactor (MASLWR), must undergo a licensing processes established by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) prior to commercial operation. Given the lack of historical, full scale operating experience, a general uncertainty and sensitivity analysis methodology was developed to help aid SMR designs through this process. Uncertainty was quantified through the empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) created from a desired data set. Linear regression techniques were applied to measure sensitivity. This methodology was demonstrated through the thermal hydraulic steady-state subchannel analysis of the MASLWR concept using RELAP5-3D Version 4.0.3 and VIPRE-01 Mod 2.2.1. Twelve uncertain input parameters were selected. System response uncertainty in the minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (MDNBR), maximum fuel temperature, and maximum clad temperature was evaluated. These figures were shown to satisfy U.S. NRC regulatory requirements for steady state operation at the 95 percent probability and 95 percent confidence level under the evaluated conditions. Sensitivity studies showed input parameters affecting local power generation within the core had a large influence on MDNBR, maximum fuel temperature, and maximum clad temperature.
VARIATIONS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC ASSIMILATION RATIOS IN NATURAL, MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES1

Thirteen in situ measurements of primary production were made 25 miles (46 km) west of Newport, Oregon between April 1962 and June 1964. Assimilation ratios [mg C hr-1 (mg Chl a)-1] at light saturation ranged between 6 and 21. The mean value was 8.6 with a 95% confidence interval of ±1.3. There was no correlation between maximum assimilation ratios and total daily solar radiation. with recently upwelled water. The highest values observed were associated with recently upwelled water. It is suggested on the basis of these experiments and the work of others that assimilation ratios of 0–3 indicate nutrient depletion; ratios between 3 and 5 indicate borderline nutrient deficiency, and ratios between 5 and 10 indicate nutrient-rich waters. It is concluded that emperically determined Cassimilation ratios, derived from as near-natural experiments as possible, should be used in production equations.
Right to left shunt in patients with acute myocardial infarction. A proposed mechanism.

Abstract Bedside catheterization of femoral and pulmonary arteries allowed serial measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output and percent right to left shunt in 25 patients with (1) acute myocardial infarction with minimal or no evidence of heart failure, (2) severe heart failure, (3) shock, or (4) shock and heart failure. There was positive correlation between mean cardiac output and percent right to left shunt ( r = +0.64, P
Circumstances Are Destiny: An Antebellum Woman's Struggle to Define Sphere

Review of: ""Circumstances Are Destiny": An Antebellum Woman's Struggle to Define Sphere," by Tina Stewart Brakebill.
NASA airframe structural integrity program

NASA has initiated a research program with the long-term objective of supporting the aerospace industry in addressing issues related to the aging commercial transport fleet. The interdisciplinary program combines advanced fatigue crack growth prediction methodology with innovative nondestructive examination technology with the focus on multi-site damage (MSD) at riveted connections. A fracture mechanics evaluation of the concept of pressure proof testing the fuselage to screen for MSD has been completed. Also, a successful laboratory demonstration of the ability of the thermal flux method to detect disbonds at riveted lap splice joints has been conducted. All long-term program elements have been initiated and the plans for the methodology verification program are being coordinated with the airframe manufacturers.
Remembering Gian-Carlo Rota

I have known Gian-Carlo Rota for about half a century. I saw him very frequently during the periods that we overlapped in the Boston area (i.e. 1958-68 and 1996-97) and also on many other occasions. I remember Gianco as one of the most stimulating, insightful and witty persons. Here I will recall some of the indelible impressions he left on me.
Approximate Convex Optimization by Online Game Playing

Lagrangian relaxation and approximate optimization algorithms have received much attention in the last two decades. Typically, the running time of these methods to obtain a $\epsilon$ approximate solution is proportional to $\frac{1}{\epsilon^2}$. Recently, Bienstock and Iyengar, following Nesterov, gave an algorithm for fractional packing linear programs which runs in $\frac{1}{\epsilon}$ iterations. The latter algorithm requires to solve a convex quadratic program every iteration - an optimization subroutine which dominates the theoretical running time. We give an algorithm for convex programs with strictly convex constraints which runs in time proportional to $\frac{1}{\epsilon}$. The algorithm does NOT require to solve any quadratic program, but uses gradient steps and elementary operations only. Problems which have strictly convex constraints include maximum entropy frequency estimation, portfolio optimization with loss risk constraints, and various computational problems in signal processing. As a side product, we also obtain a simpler version of Bienstock and Iyengar's result for general linear programming, with similar running time. We derive these algorithms using a new framework for deriving convex optimization algorithms from online game playing algorithms, which may be of independent interest.
Predicting change in relationship insecurity: The roles of compassionate and self‐image goals

It was hypothesized that self-image goals to construct, defend, and maintain desired images of the self enhance relationship insecurity, whereas compassionate goals to support others diminish relationship insecurity. Study 1 followed 115 new college roommates for 3 weeks; Study 2 followed 230 new college roommates across a semester. Both studies assessed self-image and compassionate goals for and anxiety and avoidance in the roommate relationship. Self-image goals predicted increased relationship anxiety and avoidance across 3 weeks (Study 1) and within weeks, from week to week, and across 3 months (Study 2). Compassionate goals consistently predicted decreased relationship anxiety and avoidance across studies and analyses. These results suggest that through their interpersonal goals, people contribute directly to their own relationship insecurity.
Zebrafish no isthmus reveals a role for pax2.1 in tubule differentiation and patterning events in the pronephric primordia.

Pax genes are important developmental regulators and function at multiple stages of vertebrate kidney organogenesis. In this report, we have used the zebrafish pax2.1 mutant no isthmus to investigate the role for pax2.1 in development of the pronephros. We demonstrate a requirement for pax2.1 in multiple aspects of pronephric development including tubule and duct epithelial differentiation and cloaca morphogenesis. Morphological analysis demonstrates that noi(- )larvae specifically lack pronephric tubules while glomerular cell differentiation is unaffected. In addition, pax2.1 expression in the lateral cells of the pronephric primordium is required to restrict the domains of Wilms' tumor suppressor (wt1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression to medial podocyte progenitors. Ectopic podocyte-specific marker expression in pronephric duct cells correlates with loss of expression of the pronephric tubule and duct-specific markers mAb 3G8 and a Na(+)/K(+) ATPase (a)1 subunit. The results suggest that the failure in pronephric tubule differentiation in noi arises from a patterning defect during differentiation of the pronephric primordium and that mutually inhibitory regulatory interactions play an important role in defining the boundary between glomerular and tubule progenitors in the forming nephron.
Optimization of the experimental conditions in preparative liquid chromatography with touching bands

Abstract Relationships are derived between the sample size permitting the elution of the components of a binary mixture as two touching bands and the parameters characterizing the separation and the column performance. These equations take into account the competitive interactions of the mixture components. They permit the determination of the optimum experimental conditions for maximum production rate with touching band elution. The production rate increases monotonically with increasing inlet pressure available, provided that the column of optimum characteristics is used. For a given column, there is an optimum flow velocity and hence an optimum inlet pressure. Because of the competition between the mixture components for interaction with the stationary phase, the production rate under touching band conditions can be larger (under conditions of a predominant displacement effect) or lower (under conditions of a predominant tag-along effect) than the value derived when this competition is ignored.
Laryngeal Behavior During Stuttering

The purpose of this study was to provide detailed, objective descriptions of stutterers' laryngeal behavior during instances of stuttering within conversational speech. Subjects were 11 adult stutt...
Computation of a geometric model of a machined part from its NC machining programs

Abstract The paper discusses the development of extended octree-based algorithms for creating an object model of a machined part from the known geometry of cutting tools, cutter motion statements as provided in the NC machining code and the initial stock of the part. A “machined” object is then reconstructed in polyhedral boundary representation from the above object model in order to compare it with the designed object to verify the NC machining program. The work concentrates on the development and implementation of the model conversion and reconstruction algorithms between polyhedral boundary models and extended octree models. It also discusses the extended octree modeling technology and model updating for machining simulation. A prototype has been developed on a personal computer platform with Microsoft Visual C++.
An off-peak energy storage concept for electric utilities: Part II—The water battery concept

Abstract The water battery (reversible water electrolyser) as envisaged by Battelle Columbus Laboratories (BCL) is a single energy storage device for use on an electric utility system at dispersed locations such as substations. Available off-peak electric energy can be used to electrolyse water, thus producing hydrogen and oxygen, which can be stored externally to the device. These gases can be recycled, as necessary, through the same device, operating in reverse, to generate D.C. electricity to meet utility system peak-load demands. A conceptual design for a 10 MW water battery installation compatible with the requirements of the PSE&G system is formulated. General design approaches and cost estimates are developed for the basic water battery module, the energy storage subsystem (which consists of the compressors and storage vessels for the hydrogen and oxygen), and the power conditioning subsystem (which controls and regulates direct current to the water battery and alternating current to the grid). The design evaluations address optimum system operating efficiency, projected battery life, reliability, maintenance, materials availability (the water battery employs substantial, but ultimately recoverable, amounts of platinum and palladium in its construction), and environmental impact in terms of pollutants and physical size.
Questioning Identity: The Case of One Second‐Language Learner

With the goal of illuminating how identity and cognition are in tension in classroom activity, we examine how one second-language learner answers questions in a mainstream second-grade classroom. To understand this learner's participation, we analyze two conflicting “language games.” We find the second-language learner often is adept at “passing” as knowing, but that he achieves this identity-preserving expertise at the expense of an understanding of classroom lessons.
The effects of perinatal choline supplementation on hippocampal cholinergic development in rats exposed to alcohol during the brain growth spurt

Prenatal alcohol exposure leads to long-lasting cognitive and attention deficits, as well as hyperactivity. Using a rat model, we have previously shown that perinatal supplementation with the essential nutrient, choline, can reduce the severity of some fetal alcohol effects, including hyperactivity and deficits in learning and memory. In fact, choline can mitigate alcohol-related learning deficits even when administered after developmental alcohol exposure, during the postnatal period. However, it is not yet known how choline is able to mitigate alcohol-related behavioral alterations. Choline may act by altering cholinergic signaling in the hippocampus. This study examined the effects of developmental alcohol exposure and perinatal choline supplementation on hippocampal M(1) and M(2/4) muscarinic receptors. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were orally intubated with ethanol (5.25 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days (PD) 4-9, a period of brain development equivalent to the human third trimester; control subjects received sham intubations. From PD 4-30, subjects were injected s.c. with choline chloride (100 mg/kg/day) or saline vehicle. Open field activity was assessed from PD 30 through 33, and brain tissue was collected on PD 35 for autoradiographic analysis. Ethanol-exposed subjects were more active compared to controls during the first 2 days of testing, an effect attenuated with choline supplementation. Developmental alcohol exposure significantly decreased the density of muscarinic M(1) receptors in the dorsal hippocampus, an effect that was not altered by choline supplementation. In contrast, developmental alcohol exposure significantly increased M(2/4) receptor density, an effect mitigated by choline supplementation. In fact, M(2/4) receptor density of subjects exposed to alcohol and treated with choline did not differ significantly from that of controls. These data suggest that developmental alcohol exposure can cause long-lasting changes in the hippocampal cholinergic system and that perinatal choline supplementation may attenuate alcohol-related behavioral changes by influencing cholinergic systems.
INTRAGENOMIC REPAIR HETEROGENEITY OF DNA DAMAGE

The mutagenic and carcinogenic consequences of unrepaired DNA damage depend upon its precise location with respect to the relevant genomic sites. Therefore, it is important to learn the fine struct...
Interaction of coal-derived synthesis gas impurities with solid oxide fuel cell metallic components

Abstract Oxidation-resistant alloys find use as interconnect materials, heat exchangers, and gas supply tubing in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, especially when operated at temperatures below ∼800 °C. If fueled with synthesis gas derived from coal or biomass, such metallic components could be exposed to impurities contained in those fuel sources. In this study, coupons of ferritic stainless steels Crofer 22 APU and SS 441, austenitic nickel–chromium superalloy Inconel 600, and an alumina-forming high nickel alloy alumel were exposed to synthesis gas containing ≤2 ppm phosphorus, arsenic and antimony, and reaction products were tested. Crofer 22 APU coupons coated with a (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 protective layer were also evaluated. Phosphorus was found to be the most reactive. On Crofer 22 APU, the (Mn,Cr) 3 O 4 passivation layer reacted to form an Mn–P–O product, predicted to be manganese phosphate from thermochemical calculations, and Cr 2 O 3 . On SS 441, reaction of phosphorus with (Mn,Cr) 3 O 4 led to the formation of manganese phosphate as well as an Fe–P product, predicted from thermochemical calculations to be Fe 3 P. Minimal interactions with antimony or arsenic in synthesis gas were limited to Fe–Sb and Fe–As solid solution formation. Though not intended for use on the anode side, a (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 spinel coating on Crofer 22 APU reacted with phosphorus in synthesis gas to produce products consistent with Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Co 2 P. A thin Cr 2 O 3 passivation layer on Inconel 600 did not prevent the formation of nickel phosphides and arsenides and of iron phosphides and arsenides, though no reaction with Cr 2 O 3 was apparent. On alumel, an Al 2 O 3 passivation layer rich in Ni did not prevent the formation of nickel phosphides, arsenides, and antimonides, though no reaction with Al 2 O 3 occurred. This work shows that unprotected metallic components of an SOFC stack and system can provide a sink for P, As and Sb impurities that may be present in fuel gases, and thus complicate experimental studies of impurity interactions with the anode.
Integer linear programming for Constrained Multi-Aspect Committee Review Assignment

Automatic review assignment can significantly improve the productivity of many people such as conference organizers, journal editors and grant administrators. A general setup of the review assignment problem involves assigning a set of reviewers on a committee to a set of documents to be reviewed under the constraint of review quota so that the reviewers assigned to a document can collectively cover multiple topic aspects of the document. No previous work has addressed such a setup of committee review assignments while also considering matching multiple aspects of topics and expertise. In this paper, we tackle the problem of committee review assignment with multi-aspect expertise matching by casting it as an integer linear programming problem. The proposed algorithm can naturally accommodate any probabilistic or deterministic method for modeling multiple aspects to automate committee review assignments. Evaluation using a multi-aspect review assignment test set constructed using ACM SIGIR publications shows that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient for committee review assignments based on multi-aspect expertise matching.
An integrated approach to the study of pollution transport and waves in the coastal zone - Part III: The integrated program and satellite requirements

Among the Applications Activities (the application of NASA technological expertise to civil sector problem) at the Langley Research Center are the study of pollution transport in the Coastal Zone and coastal wave conditions. Beginning with the premise that remote sensing is an important tool for the study of The Coastal Zone (the applicability of remote sensing via satellite to Coastal Zone studies has been demonstrated by the ERTS program), this paper in three parts discusses the integration of remote sensing and in situ data in Part I and analytical techniques in Part II into a program in Part III aimed at developing the capability to monitor and predict pollution transport in the Coastal Zone and predict damaging coastal wave conditions. Based on the remote sensing capabilities discussed in Part I, satellite requirements are defined in terms of orbital conditions needed to insure the required frequency of coverage. Ground truth programs using buoys as the data gatherer are discussed in terms of their utility for both remote sensor calibration and basic circulation studies used in verification of analytical models of pollution transport. The analytical models discussed in Part II are discussed here in terms of the relationship between the model and the remote sensing and in situ data required for initializing the model.
Evaluation of Selected Antibiotic Residue Screening Tests for Milk from Individual Cows and Examination of Factors That Affect the Probability of False-Positive Outcomes

Total composite milk samples from 131 cows in one herd were analyzed. Eight beta-lactam residue screening tests were evaluated for performance using milk from individual cows and factors that affect the rate of false-positive outcomes were determined. Cows were not treated with an antibiotic for at least 30 d prior to sampling. Tests evaluated were Delvotest P, Charm Cowside, Charm Farm, Penzyme, Valio T101, LacTek, CITE Probe, and Charm Bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay. Cows averaged 155 d of lactation. Milk production at the time of sampling ranged from 3.6 to 26.3 kg per milking per cow. The somatic cell count of milk averaged 243 x 10(3)/ml and ranged from 8.5 x 10(3)/ml to 3437 x 10(3)/ml. Total viable bacteria counts averaged 197.8 x 10(3)/ml. Total coliform counts ranged from 0 to 205/ml. Selectivity rates (rate of truly negative samples that were found to be negative by the assay) were greater than 90% for all tests except the CITE Probe test. Use of logistic regression showed that an increase in colony-forming units was associated with a decrease in the probability of a false-positive outcome for the CITE Probe test. Milk production, coliform counts, and parity each affected the probabilities of positive outcomes for different tests. Except for one test, selectivity rates of the beta-lactam residue screening tests for milk from individual cows was greater than 0.9.
Bone and mineral metabolism in African Americans

Abstract Important differences exist in the metabolism of bone and mineral and the vitamin D endocrine system between whites and African Americans and include rate o f skeletal remodeling, bone mass, and vitamin D metabolism. A higher bone mineral density (BMD) in African Americans is associated with a diminished incidence o f osteoporosis and fractures. Serum 17β-estradiol and the rate of GH secretion are higher in black than in white men, but there is no racial difference in women in this regard. The mechanisms for reduced rate o f skeletal remodeling and for greater BMD in blacks are not known, but diminished rate of skeletal remodeling could be a contributing factor for greater bone mass. Reduction in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blacks is attributed to increased skin pigment and to diminished dermal production of vitamin D 3 and consequent decreased hepatic synthesis o f the metabolite. There is no evidence that alteration of the vitamin D endocrine system contributes to or is responsible for racial differences in skeletal remodeling and bone mass. Black infants, however, are at risk for developing vitamin D-deficient rickets, particularly when breast-fed.
ESTIMATING THE MARKET FOR LIMITED SITE CASINO GAMING IN NORTHERN INDIANA AND NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS

ABSTRACT: Public policy makers at the state and local levels will continue to face the issue of gaming in spite of recent public backlash. Many state and local governments have looked toward gaming as a means to increase revenues without raising existing taxes. There are several issues that a community should consider when deciding to take this approach, such as: Is the local market sufficient for what is being proposed? What will happen to state and local revenues when more and more casinos are added to an area? Do the funds come from inside or outside the community? Does the availability of gaming create demand or just fill existing demand? In response to these issues, this article utilizes ZIP-code level and aggregate data on casino operations in 1994 in the Chicagoland area to model the market for casino gaming. The findings of these simulations estimate the effects on the market created by the opening of four Indiana casinos. Local decision makers will find this report a useful tool as they consider similar proposals in their own communities.
N-Methylation of benzimidazole by catechol-O-methyltransferase.

Abstract The substrate specificity of catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) has been extended in the present study to include benzimidazole, a non-catechol compound. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. thin-layer chromatography, and reverse isotope dilution analysis were used to verify the identity of the product of this reaction as 1-methylbenzimidazole. This is the first demonstration of an N -methylation by COMT. The conclusion is reached that benzimidazole and catechol are bioisosteric molecules. The implication of this in the pharmacology of adrenergic systems is discussed.
Homologous Mammalian Brain Cell Lysate System for the Initiation and Translation of Exogenous mRNAs

: The rate of protein synthesis in mammalian brain tissue is affected by a variety of physiological conditions, both natural and induced. The process of initiation may be involved in some of the observed changes, although as yet the actual rates of initiation of natural mRNAs have not been directly measured in these circumstances. One approach to studying the regulation of protein synthesis in brain tissue would be to utilize a homologous cell-free system to examine in vitro the translation of various added mRNAs. The present report describes a micrococcal nuclease-treated cell-free lysate system derived from fetal mouse brain tissue which is capable of actively initiating and translating exogenously added mRNA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoretic analysis of the specific protein products of the reaction mixture allowed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the translational process under a variety of experimental conditions. Optimal conditions for mRNA-dependent protein synthesis were the following: 30°C incubation temperature; 80–100 mM-KCl; 2.1 mM-Mg2+; 50 μM-spermhe; and 10 μg/ml poly A(+) mRNA. Incorporation of L-[35S]methionine into proteins required ATP, GTP, and an energy regenerating system. The addition of saturating amounts of a homologous “initiation factors” fraction stimulated incorporation twofold during the first 20 min of incubation, while the patterns of inhibition observed upon the addition of 5 × 10-5 M-aurin tricarboxylic acid at various periods during incubation demonstrated the occurrence of multiple rounds of initiation.
Grapheme-color synesthesia can enhance immediate memory without disrupting the encoding of relational cues.

Previous evidence has suggested that grapheme–color synesthesia can enhance memory for words, but little is known about how these photisms cue retrieval. Often, the encoding of specific features of individual words can disrupt the encoding of ordered relations between words, resulting in an overall decrease in recall accuracy. Here we show that the photisms arising from grapheme–color synesthesia do not function like these item-specific cues. The influences of high and low word frequency on the encoding of ordered relations and the accuracy of immediate free recall were compared across a group of 10 synesthetes and 48 nonsynesthetes. The main findings of Experiment 1 showed that the experience of synesthesia had no adverse effect on the encoding of ordered relations (as measured by input–output correspondence); furthermore, it enhanced recall accuracy in a strictly additive fashion across the two word frequency conditions. Experiment 2 corroborated these findings by showing that the synesthetes only outperformed the nonsynesthetes when the materials involved words and letters, not when they involved digits and spatial locations. Altogether, the present findings suggest that synesthesia can boost immediate memory performance without disrupting the encoding of ordered relations.
Disciplinary repositories in the social sciences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the development of disciplinary repositories in the social sciences.Design/methodology/approach – The concentration of this article is on a discussion of the operational styles of existing repositories.Findings – The paper argues that appropriate operational styles of digital repositories will change the culture of information exchange in the social science disciplines. It finds that many successful repositories have employed the strategy of decentralization in their operations. This model can efficiently and effectively reach individual scholars in broad areas.Originality/value – Most existing repositories in the social sciences have not gained ground in attracting scholars. They could learn from successful repositories to improve their own operational plans.
Developmental regulation of FcϵRII/CD23 expression in B-lineage cells: evidence for transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of control

Abstract The present studies show that the expression of cell surface FcϵRII/CD23, detected with the monoclonal anti-FcϵRII/CD23 antibody B3B4 or by the binding of IgE, is not restricted to the stage of resting mature virgin B lymphocytes. Murine CD23 was detected as a cell surface protein on two sIgG + B-cell lines. Moreover, we detected full-length transcripts for FcϵRII/CD23 in several members of a panel murine B lymphoid lineage cell lines representative of all stages of murine B lymphocyte development. Our findings suggest that regulation of CD23 translation may differ between B-cell lines at various stages of differentiation. The detection of mRNA transcripts for FcϵRII/CD23 was not restricted to transformed cell lines. FcϵRII/CD23 transcripts were amplified by RT-PCR from peritoneal and splenic B lymphocyte subpopulations that were sorted by flow cytometry into populations that did not express surface FcϵRII/CD23. Our findings suggest that FcϵRII/CD23 transcription and translation are not necessarily restricted to the narrow developmental window of murine B lymphocyte differentiation as previously thought. Our findings imply that FcϵRII/CD23 may be expressed at the protein level at various stages of murine B lymphocyte differentiation. Investigations into the expression patterns and potential mechanisms of regulation of FcϵRII/CD23 could provide insight into the basis for the wide range of immunological functions that have been proposed for FcϵRII/CD23.
Gas phase sensors for bases using rhodamine B in nafion films

A sensor and dosimeter specific to inorganic and organic amine bases composed of Rhodamine B dissolved in Nafion is prepared and evaluated. UV-vis, emission, and IR spectroscopies are used to monitor the presence of a variety of analytes, including aliphatic and aromatic amines. The Rhodamine B serves as a visual indicator of the presence of an analyte by turning from brown to pink upon exposure to aliphatic amines after sufficient exposure, thus acting as a visual monitor. The Rhodamine B also acts as a fluorescent sensor, which turns on upon exposure to the analyte. The sulfonic acid groups in the Nafion protonate the bases, giving unique signatures in the IR spectra allowing for differentiation of the bases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010