cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of S-RNase and peroxidase in petunia nectar

Previous SDS PAGE gel analysis of the floral nectars from petunia and tobacco plants revealed significant differences in the protein patterns. Petunia floral nectar was shown to contain a number of RNase activities by in gel RNase activity assay. To identify these proteins in more detail, the bands with RNase activity were excised from gel and subjected to trypsin digestion followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. This analysis revealed that S-RNases accumulate in nectar from Petunia hybrida, where they should carry out a biological function different from self-pollen rejection. In addition, other proteins were identified by the LC-MS/MS analysis. These proteins include a peroxidase, an endochitinase, and a putative fructokinase. Each of these proteins contained a secretory signal sequence that marked them as potential nectar proteins. We developed RT-PCR assays for each of these five proteins and demonstrated that each of these proteins was expressed in the petunia floral nectary. A discussion of the role of these proteins in antimicrobial activity in nectar is presented.
Holographic interferometry: A critique of the technique and its potential for biomedical measurements

Double-exposure holographic interferometry is a contactless whole-field method. Dimensional changes are visualized as a series of interference fringes overlaid on the holographic image of the femur, where each fringe represents 0.316 μm (half the wavelength of the laser light) of motion. Interferograms for intact femora and for femora with identical geometry prostheses were produced. We have shown that the femur bends as a beam under axial load. The position of maximum deflection is a function of the properties of the composite structure. Under a known load the amount of deflection can be calculated and the effect of the prosthesis's modulus can be ascertained. In addition to bending, rotational effects can be perceived. Although data interpretation is complex and holographic production is costly and time-consuming, the technique holds promise for biomechanical applications as well as other biomedical disciplines.
Effect of Contraceptive Pills on the Distribution of Sexual Activity in the Menstrual Cycle

WE wish to report the effects of contraceptive pills on the distribution of sexual activity in the menstrual cycle, observed during a double-blind placebo study in which various parameters of behaviour were recorded daily.
Effects of Insecticides on Populations of the Vegetable leafminer and Associated Parasites on Summer Pole Tomatoes

Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of using a biotic larvicide or an ovicide as alternatives to methomyl for control of lepidopterous pests on summer plantings of fresh market tomatoes to avoid upsetting populations of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and its parasites. Significantly higher L. sativae densities were recorded in methomyl-treated plots compared to those which occurred in Dipel® and chlordimeform-treated plots. Diglyphus begini (Ashmead) and Chrysonotomyia ( Achrysocharella ) punctiventris (Crawford) were adversely affected by methomyl treatments and the latter parasite also was similarly affected by chlordimeform and Dipel-chlordimeform treatments. Significantly higher fruit yields were recorded from methomyl-treated plots as compared to yields from Dipel and chlorpyrifos-treated plots and from an untreated check, although leafminer densities were significantly higher in the methomyl treatment. A pupal survey technique was more sensitive to differences between treatments than leaflet sampling.
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for January–March 1986

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 145 earthquakes that occurred during the first quarter of 1986. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical Earth structure.
‘Tis Better to Give Than to Receive: A Patient's Transformational Use of Gifts in an Analytic Therapy

The author discusses William Lubart's paper “Hans and Me: Transformation of Revulsion in the Countertransference within an Analytic Therapy.” In the treatment, Hans gives gifts to the therapist, both material and affective, and the therapist's intentional and unintentional responses to these gifts are a critical factor in facilitating their work through impasse in the treatment. After examining the possible meanings and impacts of the various explicit gifts in the treatment, the author considers how, through the process of projective identification, the patient “gives the gift” of his shame to the therapist and how this forces the therapist to attend to it in a manner which helps both the patient and the therapist to grow.
Behavioral changes associated with grafts of embryonic ventral mesencephalon tissue into the striatum and/or substantia nigra in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the ascending nigrostriatal pathway in rats is a commonly used model of Parkinson's Disease. Transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalon (VM) into the striatum of such rats reduces drug-induced turning and ameliorates some simple behavioral deficits. While considerably less research has been conducted on the topic, VM grafts into the lesioned substantia nigra (SN) may induce recovery on more complex and/or spontaneous tasks. The present series of experiments was conducted to explicitly compare the behavioral efficacy of intrastriatal and intranigral VM grafts with the effects of grafts into both of these sites. Animals receiving control grafts were also tested. Following transplantation of VM or control tissue derived from E14 rat embryos, changes in drug-induced and spontaneous turning, as well as spontaneous paw use when rearing, were assessed each month for 5 months post-graft. Intrastriatal VM grafts were associated with decreases in drug-induced and spontaneous turning asymmetry but no change in paw use. Intranigral VM grafts did not affect drug-induced turning but decreased the asymmetry in spontaneous turning and spontaneous paw use. Following simultaneous VM grafts into the striatum and SN there was a decrease in drug-induced turning and an increase in the spontaneous use of the contralateral paw and both paws simultaneously. These results may have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms mediating graft-induced behavioral recovery, both in the rat model of, and human Parkinson's Disease.
Local vs. regional influences on local diversity in stream fish communities of Virginia

Local species richness is a function of many factors operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We examined stream fish communities from regions throughout Virginia to assess (1) the relative influence of local vs. regional factors on local species richness, (2) evidence for community saturation, and (3) scale dependency of regional influences. We defined regions at four spatial scales: major drainages, drainage-physiography units, hydrologic-physiography units, and sites. We used multiple regression to identify key correlates of local native and introduced diversity for each regional scale. Both local (e.g., microhabitat diversity) and regional (e.g., species richness) factors were correlated with local diversity; regional diversity was the most consistent correlate. Plots of local vs. regional native diversity were asymptotic for the three largest regional definitions, thereby suggesting community saturation. However, analogous plots for introduced species were not asymptotic; local introduced d...
Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace tellurium in the presence of oxine

Ultratrace levels of rellurium can be determined after adsorptive collection of the tellurium-oxine complex on a hanging mercury drop electrode. The adsorptive-catalytic stripping voltammetric procedure is optimized to give an extremely low detection limit of 8 ng/L (6.4 × 10−11 M) tellurium following 10 minutes accumulation. The improved sensitivity (over conventional stripping methods for tellurium) is coupled with high selectivity and precision. For example, the response is not affected by a large excess of selenium, which commonly interferes in analogous anodic stripping measurements. The relative standard deviation (at the 500 ng/L level) is 1.9%.
Psychomotor stimulant effects of d-amphetamine, MDMA and PCP: aggressive and schedule-controlled behavior in mice.

The objective of the present experiments was to characterize psychomotor stimulant effects ofd-amphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and phencyclidine (PCP) on conditioned performance and on aggressive behavior in mice. In a novel protocol with alternating periods of schedule-controlled responding and aggressive behavior toward an intruder it was possible to assess a range of species-specific agonistic acts, postures, and motor activities as well as response rates and patterns engendered by a multiple Fixed Interval (FI) and Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule within the same animal. Initially, it was confirmed thatd-amphetamine and, less reliably, MDMA and PCP, increased FI, but not FR responding in mice. In the next experiment, mice confronted an intruder at the midpoint of the 1-h daily session; following the display of aggressive behavior, the rate of FI responding showed an amphetamine-like increase, whereas only a transient change occurred after non-aggressive encounters. Thirdly, using this new protocol, PCP,d-amphetamine and MDMA altered FI and FR responding in a way that was closely similar to the first experiment. Low PCP andd-amphetamine doses increased aggressive behavior erratically in certain individuals, but not reliably for the group. MDMA dose-dependently decreased aggressive behavior, and all drugs disrupted aggressive behavior at higher doses. The characteristic increases in walking and decreases in rearing after higher doses of PCP andd-amphetamine were greatly attenuated when the intruder was present. The rate-increasing effects ofd-amphetamine, MDMA and PCP occurred in the early portion of the fixed interval when the control rate is typically low; by contrast, low attack rates during the later portion of the confrontation with the intruder remained unaffected. The dose-dependent quantitatively and qualitatively differentiated profile of effects on schedule-controlled responding, motor activity and aggressive behavior suggest that the common properties ofd-amphetamine, MDMA and PCP pertain mostly to the disruption of organized behavior patterns and activation of repetitive motor routines at high doses, but point to different mechanisms for modulating aggressive behavior and conditioned performance at lower doses.
On heuristics, narrative and knowledge management

Abstract This article is based on comments delivered by Laurence Pruzak at a meeting of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development at the University of Ottawa in November, 2007. We discuss heuristics of knowledge management and how they close the gap between the theories that drive the academic activity of knowledge management—Prof. de la Mothe's discipline—and the work of practitioners in the field. We do this by providing narrative examples of these basic practices in order to demonstrate the value of narrative itself to the practice of knowledge management. We find that there is trans-disciplinary pedagogic value in narrative form, which enhances our understanding of knowledge management and shapes our approaches to future research in the discipline. On a practical level, these comments rehearse how a historical approach to rhetoric informs contemporary group dynamics and organizational hierarchy; how rhetoric and narrative become factors in the management of information flow and systems, organizational strategy, and leadership; and how they affect our understanding of space, time and emotional investment in work. As knowledge management increases in importance in terms of business processes and advantage, we are increasingly reliant on proxies for measurement and non-empirical skills and behaviors such as judgment, creativity and imagination.
Neurochemical and behavioral evidence for a selective presynaptic dopamine receptor agonist

A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.
Four commonly utilized metabolic systems fail to produce similar results during submaximal and maximal exercise

This study evaluated the reproducibility of four commonly utilized metabolic systems. The metabolic carts and associated electronic cycle ergometers were: (1) the Q‐PLEX I/Corival, (2) SensorMedics 2900/Ergometrics, (3) Medical Graphics Corporation (MGC) 2001/Mijnhardt, and (4) CPX/Medifit. Five individuals (mean age, 32 years; weight, 74 kg; height, 179 cm) experienced in graded exercise testing participated. Duplicate submaximal and maximal protocols were completed on separate days with all four systems. The submaximal power outputs averaged 85, 135, and 190 W and were each 4 minutes in duration. A maximal effort was achieved with a continuous ramp protocol (30 W/min) until exhaustion. All four systems demonstrated excellent reproducibility (usually 5% or less variation) for values reported during either submaximal or maximal exercise. These values were system dependent, however, as evident from a significant difference in submaximal and maximal pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon di...
PD3-03 RATIONALE FOR PARTIAL ADRENALECTOMY: REVIEW OF DANGERS TO ADRENAL GLAND

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: When a biochemically active adrenal mass is found surgery is usually recommended. While partial adrenalectomy is gaining popularity for small adrenal masses, it is not clear which patients will benefit from adrenal sparing to preserve adrenal function in case of contralateral adrenal pathology. We reviewed the available literature to evaluate the frequency of bilaterality of adrenal involvement with most common primary adrenal tumors and frequency of other pathologies potentially threatening the health of the adrenal gland. METHODS: We reviewed the PUBMED literature to evaluate the reported bilaterality of primary adrenal tumors including hereditary and nonhereditary pheochromocytomas (PHEOs), aldosterone producing adenomas (APAs), and cortisol producing adenomas and identified 25 articles describing the frequency of bilaterality of adrenalmasses.Wealso reviewed the literature to assess the etiologies of adrenal damage due to other pathological processes that may affect the adrenal gland in the lifespan of a patient and calculated the combined probability for adrenal damage. RESULTS: Table 1 reports the bilaterality of adrenal tumors in hereditary and non-hereditary diseases and demonstrates that adrenal tumors range in bilaterality between 4.25 e 80%. Hereditary PHEOs were bilateral in up to 80% of cases, while nonhereditary PHEOs were bilateral in up to 25%. APAs were bilateral in about 4% of cases, while only case reports reported bilaterality in cortisol producing tumors. Additionally, review of other processes such as infections, infiltrative etiologies, metastasis to adrenal, and others accounted for about 1% chance for the adrenal damage from all possible causes. CONCLUSIONS: Partial adrenalectomy is a valid option for patients with hereditary syndromes as there is an increased likelihood of disease in the contralateral gland. PHEOs followed by APAs appear to have the highest rate of bilateral involvement. Coupled with a possibility that an additional 1% of the population may have adrenals affected by various pathologic processes, partial adrenalectomy in patients with PHEO and APAs should be strongly considered. Percentage of bilaterality of adrenal tumors in hereditary syndromes and non-hereditary disease
The individual effects of liquid nitrogen and freeze-dry storage on several dehydrogenase reactions in tissue sections.

Summary The effects of liquid nitrogen storage on the enzyme histochemistry of tissue sections obtained from 12 specimens of human and animal tissues were evaluated by employing histochemical reactions for six dehydrogenases. Comparisons were made of these enzyme activities in serial sections of tissues which had been in liquid nitrogen for only a few hours with the serial sections of the same tissues which had been stored in liquid nitrogen up to 6 months. Comparisons were also made between serial sections which had been in liquid nitrogen for a few hours and those which had been freeze-dried after this initial exposure to liquid nitrogen. It was found that the liquid nitrogen storage of tissue sections did not appreciably alter the activity or pattern of the six enzymes studied, but that the process of freeze-drying, after
Effects of Inbreeding on Production Traits in Turkeys

Abstract The effects of inbreeding on egg number, egg weight, percent hatchability, percent mortality, and 17-week body weight were studied on data from two generations of two breeding flocks used as male and female parents of commercial turkeys, respectively. In the male lines the average effects of a 10% increase of inbreeding were: 1) a loss of 5.25% hatchability due to the mother's inbreeding; 2) a loss of 5.66% hatchability due to embryo inbreeding; 3) a loss of 210 g of male and 130 g of female body weight at 17 weeks; 4) an increase of 1.4% mortality; 5) effects of inbreeding on egg number and egg weight were inconsistent. In the female lines much smaller inbreeding effects were estimated with larger standard errors. However, egg weight was strongly affected by inbreeding in female lines with a loss of about 1.5 g for 10% inbreeding.
Ready or Not: Preparation Through Simulation

Immediately after 9/11, Burlington County College (BCC) realized that the focus of emergency preparedness must change. BCC responded by identifying community needs, developing customized simulation training using high-fidelity human patient simulators and laptop/desktop technology; developing partnerships, and securing outside funding. Over 8,500 individuals, at all levels, have received training.
Test-retest reliability in performance of persons with hemiparesis tracking by means of compatibly displayed myoelectric feedback derived from upper limb muscles.

The aim of this study was to assess whether persons with hemiparesis will yield statistically reliable test-retest tracking performance on a procedure using limb-generated, compatibly displayed, myoelectric video feedback. A convenience sample of 50 inpatients and outpatients with upper extremity involvement of at least six months were recruited. 30 had hemiparesis and had both upper extremities tested. 20 had hemiplegia and had the nonparetic upper extremity tested. Tracking skill was measured as mean tracking error. Repeated measures analysis of variance yielded statistically significant effects of main factors: Response mode, Cursor Feedback, and Session. Extremity tested was not significant. Performance with involved limb, uninvolved limb, isometric mode, and isotonic mode all yielded positive test-retest correlations. The reliable range of tracking error obtained from subjects with hemiparesis performing a task requiring modulation of compatibly displayed myoelectric output supports the therapeutic r...
Ethanol suppresses cytokine responses induced through Toll-like receptors as well as innate resistance to Escherichia coli in a mouse model for binge drinking

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and initiate various mechanisms that are critical in innate resistance to infection. It has been reported that acute administration of ethanol suppresses responses mediated through TLR3 and TLR4. However, it is not known whether this is also true for other TLRs. Ligands for TLR2/TLR6 (zymosan A), TLR5 (bacterial flagellin), TLR7 (R-848), and TLR9 (CpG DNA) were used to induce cytokine production in mice, and the effects of ethanol (6 g/kg by gavage) on this induction were determined. Because different cell types may be affected differently by ethanol, cytokines were measured in serum (as an indication of cytokines produced by a number of different cell types) and in peritoneal lavage fluid (as an indicator of cytokine production primarily by peritoneal macrophages). Ethanol significantly affected the concentration of at least one of the cytokines evaluated in serum or peritoneal lavage fluid [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-12 p40 subunit] induced by all TLR ligands tested. The results also supported the suggestion that serum and peritoneal cytokines were mostly derived from different cells types, which were affected differently by ethanol. To determine whether ethanol-induced changes in TLR responses were associated with suppression of innate resistance to infection, a model of experimental peritonitis with a nonpathogenic (indigenous) strain of Escherichia coli was developed. Ethanol significantly decreased host resistance to E. coli peritonitis. Thus, ethanol suppresses responses induced by TLR receptors in mice and in the same experimental system it suppresses resistance to infection.
"Who Cares who Killed Ivan Ivanovich?": The Literary Detective in Tsarist Russia

As British writers of detective fiction began turning the genre into the parlor game of figuring out "whodunit," their Russian analogues were privileging the question of "why." The primary distinction between "who" and "why" lies in the source of signification: the detective looks for who, whereas the criminal must explain why. Privileging "why" allows for the exoneration of an individual's actions because it can hold broader social forces, including the state, accountable. Thus did Russian detective novelists mitigate the culpability of their protagonists' most violent acts and allow readers to shift blame to the autocracy.
Cellular dynamics in early atherosclerotic lesion progression in white carneau pigeons. Spatial and temporal analysis of monocyte and smooth muscle invasion of the intima.

Abstract The early stages of atherosclerosis are characterized by macrophage invasion of the intimal space and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In this study, we characterize the timing and location of each of these processes. Dividing cells of the developing lesions were labeled with [3H]thymidine at different times during lesion progression. Comparable stages of lesion development were analyzed, with the only variable being the length of time between labeling and necropsy. In this way, the mechanism by which lesion composition changes could be inferred from changes in the distribution of label over time. When cells were labeled just before necropsy, serial sections showed monocyte influx predominantly occurring at lesion edges and resulting in a labeling index of 27%. Near the lesion edge, medial SMCs were not stimulated to proliferate. In contrast, in more central areas of the lesion, monocyte influx and intimal SMC proliferation were minimal. Medial SMC proliferation in central regions, however, was high, with a labeling index of 20% in the upper media. Over time, proliferating medial SMCs migrated into the intimal lesion but did not migrate laterally to any great extent. This migration pattern maintained precise subdomains during lesion development, with each domain representing a different stage of lesion development. The edge of lesions thus represents very early events, central regions indicate later events, and intermediate regions provide information about stages between these extremes.
A simple screening assay for substance affecting lymphocyte reactivity

A simple method is described for assaying substances modifying lymphocyte reactivity in vitro to mitogens and antigens. This procedure employes whole blood, microtiter plates and an automated cell harvester. The simplicity and expediency afforded by this assay, which requires very little blood, enables the large-scale screening of different test materials which may be of experimental or clinical merit.
Male/female language differences and attributional consequences in a public speaking situation: Toward an explanation of the gender‐linked language effect

One‐minute transcripts of 30 university students' first in‐class public speeches earlier (Mulac & Lundell, 1982a) demonstrated the Gender‐Linked Language Effect: females rated higher on Socio‐Intellectual Status and Aesthetic Quality; males higher on Dynamism. For the present study, these transcripts were analyzed linguistically by 11 trained coders for 35 language features selected as potential discriminators of speaker gender. Discriminant analysis results showed that a combination of 20 of these features could account for 99% of the between‐gender variance, permitting 100% accuracy of gender prediction. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that 13 of the gender‐discriminating language features predicted the three attributional dimensions in ways consistent with the Gender‐Linked Language Effect.
Is the One-State Discourse Relevant? Reflections from a Jewish Theology of Liberation

The revived One-State discourse is a response to the current situation on the ground in Israel/Palestine as well as a call for justice. Analysing the film Hannah Arendt and political actors like President Obama and Samantha Power and a Jewish theology of liberation through the lens of the Holocaust/Israel discourse and the political lobby that utilises it in the United States, what is way forward? Since neither the One-State nor Two-State solution is possible in the foreseeable future, it seems another strategy is necessary. Especially for Jews of Conscience who carry the Jewish prophetic forward, the path ahead is complex and fraught.
Guiding Users to Unmediated Interlibrary Loan.

This article provides a practitioner's guide to marketing user-initiated borrowing at the point of need. By reviewing interlibrary loan book requests and manually transferring them to an INN-Reach consortial system, Link+, the University of Nevada, Reno Libraries were able to successfully market the service, deliver materials faster, and save staff time and money. The article provides a detailed explanation and analysis of this procedure.
Efficient bicistronic expression of cre in mammalian cells

Cre recombinase-mediated DNA recombination is proving to be a powerful technique for the generation of mosaic mutant mice. To develop this technology further, we have altered the cre gene to enhance its expression in mammalian cells and have tested its efficiency of expression in a bicistronic message. Using a transient transfection assay, we found that the extension of a eukaryotic translation initiation consensus sequence, the insertion of two N-terminal amino acids, and the mutation of a cryptic splice acceptor site did not detectably alter Cre recombinase activity. The addition of either of two introns resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase in recombination frequency. We then tested the relative efficacy of Cre-mediated recombination in several bicistronic messages having the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Recombination frequencies were only reduced 2-fold relative to a comparable monocistronic cre gene. The latter results indicate that it will be possible to generate transgenic mouse strains having tissue-specific expression of the Cre recombinase through integration of an IRES-cre gene without disabling the targeted gene.
STEM CELL FEATURES OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT PROSTATE EPITHELIAL CELLS

AbstractPurpose: We present a new hypothesis suggesting that the different malignant potential of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia may be explained by distinct alterations in stem cell-like properties.Materials and Methods: We used our results and the recent literature to developed this hypothesis in the context of an updated prostate stem cell model.Results: While high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a likely precursor lesion to many prostatic adenocarcinomas, BPH rarely if ever progresses directly to carcinoma. Prostate epithelium contains basal and secretory compartments. Secretory cells appear to differentiate from basal cells. Thus, prostatic stem cells most likely reside in the basal compartment. In BPH there is a slight increase in epithelial proliferation, yet most replicating epithelial cells within BPH maintain their normal restriction to the basal compartment. In high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia there is a marked in...
Authoritarianism and Paranormal Beliefs

Eighty-five participants completed the Revised Paranormal Beliefs Scale (PBS [1]) and the Authoritarianism-Rebellion Scale (ARS [2]). Results indicate that authoritarianism is positively correlated with belief in the paranormal. No relationship between rebelliousness and belief in the paranormal was obtained. Women scored higher than men on five of the seven PBS subscales.
Antioxidants and the Aging Immune Response

There is a growing recognition that nutrition influences immune function not only in young populations with severe malnutrition and a high incidence of infectious disease but also in groups with relatively mild or single nutrient deficiencies (Chandra and Chandra, 1986; James and Makinodan, 1984). Several comprehensive reviews in this area have been published recently (Stinnett, 1983; Gershwin et al., 1985; Fernandes, 1984; Beisel, 1982; Keusch, 1983). The elderly represent a large and expanding group with a significant number of individuals noted to possess poor nutritional status in the face of potentially increasing nutrient requirements and decreasing immunocompetence. Thus, as malnutrition impairs immunity, nutritional problems may contribute to declining immunity in old age and appropriate dietary intervention may improve immune responsiveness and reduce the burden of illness in the elderly. In an ecological milieu characterized by frequent illness and poor nutrition, the agerelated decline in immune responsiveness may result in many of the chronic diseases associated with morbidity and mortality in the elderly. It also appears that conditions associated with chronic overnutrition, e.g., obesity, cardiovascular disease and adult-onset diabetes, significantly modulate immune function; the diets employed to treat these afflictions may have a far-ranging influence on host defense against infectious challenge. Recently, attention has been focused on the possibility of utilizing selective nutritional manipulations to regulate the aberrant response of diseases associated with immune disorders (Chandra, 1985; Connan, 1985).
Disruption of Golgi structure and function in mammalian cells expressing a mutant dynamin

The large GTPase dynamin is a mechanoenzyme that participates in the scission of nascent vesicles from the plasma membrane. Recently, dynamin has been demonstrated to associate with the Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells by morphological and biochemical methods. Additional studies using a well characterized, cell-free assay have supported these findings by demonstrating a requirement for dynamin function in the formation of clathrin-coated, and non-clathrin-coated vesicles from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In this study, we tested if dynamin participates in Golgi function in living cells through the expression of a dominant negative dynamin construct (K44A). Cells co-transfected to express this mutant dynamin and a GFP-tagged Golgi resident protein (TGN38) exhibit Golgi structures that are either compacted, vesiculated, or tubulated. Electron microscopy of these mutant cells revealed large numbers of Golgi stacks comprised of highly tubulated cisternae and an extraordinary number of coated vesicle buds. Cells expressing mutant dynamin and GFP-tagged VSVG demonstrated a marked retention (8- to 11-fold) of the nascent viral G-protein in the Golgi compared to control cells. These observations in living cells are consistent with previous morphological and in vitro studies demonstrating a role for dynamin in the formation of secretory vesicles from the TGN.
The relationship between tear severity, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy in the supraspinatus.

Background Fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy have been described as interrelated characteristic changes that occur within the muscles of the rotator cuff after cuff tears, and both are independently associated with poor outcomes after surgical repair. We hypothesize that fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy are two distinct processes independently associated with supraspinatus tears. Materials and methods A retrospective review of 377 patients who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance imaging at one institution was performed. Multivariate analysis was performed based on parameters including age, sex, rotator cuff tear severity, fatty infiltration grade, and muscle atrophy. Results A total of 116 patients (30.8%) had full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus, 153 (40.6%) had partial thickness tears, and 108 (28.7%) had no evidence of tear. With increasing tear severity, the prevalence of substantial fatty infiltration (grade ≥2) increased: 6.5% of patients with no tears vs 41.4% for complete tears ( P P Conclusions Fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy are independently associated processes. Fatty infiltration is also related to increasing age, muscle tear severity, and sex, whereas muscle atrophy is related to increasing age but not tear severity. In patients without rotator cuff tears, fatty infiltration and atrophy prevalence increased independently with increasing age.
A New Deal for Civil Liberties: An Essay in Honor of Cass R. Sunstein

A central, organizing motif of Cass Sunstein's work is the effort to spell out the consequences of the New Deal for American law. I suggest that anyone who shares Sunstein's premises can and should go even farther in this direction. The logical consequence of Sunstein's views is a New Deal for all civil liberties and personal liberties. Criminal law and procedure, and cases growing out of the Global War on Terror, should be approached through New Deal lenses. All civil and personal liberties will ultimately have to justify themselves at the bar of cost-benefit analysis. This essay is prepared for a symposium on "The Scholarship of Cass R. Sunstein" to be published by the Tulsa Law Review.
A robust and energy-efficient data dissemination framework for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are appealing in obtaining fine-granular observations about the physical world. Due to the fact that WSNs are composed of a large number of low-cost and energy-constrained sensor nodes, along with the notorious time-varying and error-prone nature of wireless links, scalable, robust and energy-efficient data dissemination techniques are needed for the emerging WSN applications such as environment monitoring and surveillance. In this paper, we examine this emerging field from the point of view of supply chain management and propose a hybrid data dissemination framework for WSNs. In particular, for each sensing task, the whole sensor field is conceptually partitioned into several functional regions based on the supply chain management methodology. Different routing schemes are applied to different regions in order to provide better performance in terms of reliability and energy consumption. For this purpose, we also propose a novel zone flooding scheme, essentially a combination of conventional geometric routing and flooding techniques. Our hybrid data dissemination framework features low overhead, high reliability, good scalability and flexibility, and preferable energy efficiency. Detailed simulation studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our scheme.
Biographical Constructs for Predicting Employee Suitability

The use of background investigation data in personnel screening is reviewed. Background investigations are routinely conducted on persons seeking positions of trust in law enforcement, the nuclear power industry, and military and civilian occupations requiring government-issued security clearances. The application of background investigation information in personnel screening differs in many important ways from biodata applications developed by psychologists. In this article, these differences are reviewed, and the construct and criterion-related validity of a survey-based measure are examined. This measure taps content domains typically explored in background investigations. Seven background factors were identified. The background scales showed acceptable reliability, informative interscale relationships, and useful levels of criterion-related validity. Using background data as a predictor of human performance has a long history in psychology (Owens, 1976). Use of background data is based on the premise that an individual's past behavior and experiences are useful predictors of future behavior and experiences. The results of hundreds of studies have shown background data to be an effective predictor for a variety of human performance domains (for reviews, see Asher, 1972; Owens, 1976; Reilly & Chao, 1982). Although data from background investigations are routinely used for screening applicants for positions of trust, background investigation data have received little attention from personnel psychologists (Lipman, 1988; Overman, 1988). In this paper I review the differences between background investigations and the type of biodata applications (hereafter called biodata inventories) that are more familiar to personnel psychologists. Then, using a survey instrument that measures content domains typically explored in background investigations, I evaluate the construct and criterion-related validity of the background domains. The first difference between biodata inventories and background investigations is the type of occupation for which screening is conducted. Biodata inventories have been used to screen applicants for a diverse set of occupations, including taxicab drivers, secretaries, airplane pilots, and managers. In contrast, background investigation data are primarily used when screening personnel for positions of trust in which integ
Rapid cycle display software design

This paper describes the process of the Rapid Cycle Display System (RCDS) tool used to design Flight Management System (FMS) displays targeted for a Control Display Unit (CDU). RCDS allows rapid prototyping, code generation suitable for certification, display documentation, and processing of digital files created by such activities as ACARs datalink and hardcopy printing. Through rapid prototyping, FMS designers, the OEM, and the end-user are able to design acceptable displays before the software system is modified. After the prototyping is complete, RCDS generates table-oriented code for immediate insertion into the FMS system to be used by the object-oriented display package. With the display package being certifiable avionics software, CDU displays (through their table-oriented design) can be added, deleted, or modified without changing the avionics display package. After the CDU display tables are generated, the corresponding pictorial documentation is created. >
Charging of mirror surfaces in space

[1] Spacecraft often charge to negative potentials of several kilovolts in eclipse at geosynchronous altitudes. We suggest that optical mirrors at geosynchronous altitudes will charge in sunlight as if in eclipse. Modern mirrors can attain very high reflectance, the reflected light being nearly as intense as the incoming light. With high reflectance, the sunlight photon energy imparted to mirror surfaces is greatly reduced, resulting in little or no photoemission. As a result, mirrors will charge as if they would in eclipse, the equilibrium potential being governed by the balance of currents without photoelectrons. When the plasma electron temperature is high, the equilibrium potential may reach several kilovolts negative, despite sunlight. This occurs often in the morning hours and in severe space weather. We stress that in general, the finite reflectance and Sun angle should be included in calculations of spacecraft charging in sunlight. As an important application for mirror charging, we bring to attention recent news, the Boeing 702 model geosynchronous satellite fleet, featuring two long solar panels on each side. Each solar panel is equipped with two mirrors flanking both sides for sunlight enhancement on the solar cells. The entire satellite fleet has suffered a similar fate, namely, gradual, permanent, and sometimes stepwise degradation. While the true cause of the Boeing solar panels deterioration may never be known, we suggest that sudden development of differential charging between the solar panels and the mirrors on their sides could be the culprit. Differential charging of mirrored solar panels may develop rapidly when the satellite is coming out of eclipse. Indeed, the sudden 25% degradation of PanAmSat PAS-7, a Boeing 702 model satellite, did occur shortly after eclipse exit in the morning of 6 September 2001. Finally, we suggest a simple mitigation method for solving the problem.
The electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with bundle branch block

Abstract Five cases of WPW syndrome associated with bundle branch block were presented. In 3 cases the block affected the right and in 2 cases the left branch. Although tracings taken before and after pre-excitation were shown in several cases, they were not considered indispensable to the correct diagnosis, because it could be definitely ascertained by inspection of a single vectorcardiogram and electrocardiogram, provided that the premature ventricular depolarization occurred in the chamber with the intact bundle branch. Both methods of registering the electrical activity of the heart were accurate, although in one case, the changes in the vectorcardiogram were clearer than those in the scalar electrocardiogram.
The intraurban spatial distribution of employment: which government interventions make a difference?

Abstract An annual panel of employment at the census tract level for the Atlanta region is used to estimate the change in a tract's share of regional employment as a function of a variety of tax incentive programs, different transportation infrastructure investments, and crime. The results show that neighborhood-based property tax abatements, job tax credits, and highway improvements increase a tract's employment share. Higher crime is found to reduce employment share.
Respiration of Sugars in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Maize (Zea mays), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii F-60 Chloroplasts with Emphasis on the Hexose Kinases

The role of hexokinase in carbohydrate degradation in isolated, intact chloroplasts was evaluated. This was accomplished by monitoring the evolution of 14CO2 from darkened spinach (Spinacia oleracea), maize (Zea mays) mesophyll, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts externally supplied with 14C-labeled fructose, glucose, mannose, galactose, maltose, and ribose. Glucose and ribose were the preferred substrates with the Chlamydomonas and maize chloroplasts, respectively. The rate of CO2 release from fructose was about twice that from glucose in the spinach chloroplast. Externally supplied ATP stimulated the rate of CO2 release. The pH optimum for CO2 release was 7.5 with ribose and fructose and 8.5 with glucose as substrates. Probing the outer membrane polypeptides of the intact spinach chloroplast with two proteases, trypsin and thermolysin, decreased 14CO2 release from glucose about 50% but had little effect when fructose was the substrate. Tryptic digestion decreased CO2 release from glucose in the Chlamydomonas chloroplast about 70%. 14CO2 evolution from [1–14C]-glucose-6-phosphate in both chloroplasts was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. Enzymic analysis of the supernatant (stroma) of the lysed spinach chloroplast indicated a hexokinase active primarily with fructose but with some affinity for glucose. The pellet (membranal fraction) contained a hexokinase utilizing both glucose and fructose but with considerably less total activity than the stromal enzyme. Treatment with trypsin and thermolysin eliminated more than 50% of the glucokinase activity but had little effect on fructokinase activity in the spinach chloroplast. Tryptic digestion of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast resulted in a loss of about 90% of glucokinase activity.
Diminished phospholipase C activation by dopamine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

It is reported that a defect in dopamine-1 (DA-1) receptor adenylate cyclase coupling in the proximal convoluted tubule in the spontaneously hypertensive rat may contribute to the diminished natriuretic response to DA-1 receptor agonists. Since the tubular DA-1 receptor is also coupled to phospholipase C, and both of these cellular signaling processes are involved in DA-1 receptor-mediated diuresis and natriuresis, it is important to know whether a similar defect is also present in DA-1 receptor-coupled phospholipase C pathway. The present study was therefore designed to determine the functional status of DA-1 receptor-phospholipase C coupling system of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats using a renal cortical slice preparation. In addition, the renal response to exogenously administered dopamine (1 microgram/kg/min i.v.) was also determined. We found that basal phospholipase C activity was significantly higher in hypertensive rats than in age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (7.36 +/- 0.32% versus 5.61 +/- 0.27%, p less than 0.05). However, compared with the normotensive controls, dopamine-induced increases in phospholipase C activity were significantly attenuated in the preparations of hypertensive rats in a concentration-dependent manner (13 +/- 6% versus 38 +/- 6% for 1 mM dopamine, p less than 0.05; 49 +/- 6% versus 71 +/- 9% for 3 mM dopamine, p less than 0.05; 50 +/- 16% versus 106 +/- 22%, p less than 0.05 for 10 mM dopamine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coherent infrared imaging camera (CIRIC)

New developments in 2-D, wide-bandwidth HgCdTe (MCT) and GaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) coupled with Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology are now making focal plane array coherent infrared (IR) cameras viable. Unlike conventional IR cameras which provide only thermal data about a scene or target, a coherent camera based on optical heterodyne interferometry will also provide spectral and range information. Each pixel of the camera, consisting of a single photo-sensitive heterodyne mixer followed by an intermediate frequency amplifier and illuminated by a separate local oscillator beam, constitutes a complete optical heterodyne receiver. Applications of coherent IR cameras are numerous and include target surveillance, range detection, chemical plume evolution, monitoring stack plume emissions, and wind shear detection.
Transient Role for CD1d-Restricted Natural Killer T Cells in the Formation of Atherosclerotic Lesions

Objective— CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are reported to play a proatherogenic role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the contribution of NKT cells to mature lesion formation and the effector mechanisms through which they act are unknown. Methods and Results— We measured lesion size in CD1d-null (CD1d−/−) mice on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor–deficient (LDLR−/−) genetic background after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of feeding on a Western diet. Lesions in CD1d−/−LDLR−/− mice were 47% smaller at 4 weeks than CD1d+/+LDLR−/− controls; however, there were no differences in lesion size between CD1d−/−LDLR−/− and CD1d+/+LDLR−/− mice at 8 or 12 weeks. We found that although NKT cells were present in the aortic arch of CD1d+/+LDLR−/− mice on the Western diet, no differences in mRNA abundance for Th1 or Th2 cytokines were observed between CD1d−/−LDLR−/− and CD1d+/+LDLR−/− mice. Conclusions— CD1d-restricted NKT cells contribute to the formation of fatty streaks; however, their influe...