cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Local Blood Flow and Oxygen Availability at the Same Locus in the Ischemic Gerbil Brain

Oxygen availability (O2a) and local cerebral blood flow (CBF) as H2 clearance were measured at the same point, taking advantage of the sensitivity of the platinized platinum electrode to both H2 and O2 in gerbils following ischemia made by transient bilateral carotid artery ligations. Both O2a and CBF were zero during carotid ligation. During postischemic reperfusion there was a qualitative correlation between the two, with a tendency for the O2a recovery to be less than that of CBF in the first hour and greater in the second hour. These differences in the time course of O2a and cerebral blood flow may be accounted for by altered oxygen consumption in relation to tissue perfusion, or by altered oxygen sensitivity of the electrode. The results demonstrated the feasibility of making oxygen and flow measurements at the same point in tissue.
1 / N expansion in correlated graphene

We examine the $1/N$ expansion, where $N$ is the number of two-component Dirac fermions for Coulomb interactions in graphene with a gap of magnitude $\ensuremath{\Delta}=2m$. We find that for $N\ensuremath{\alpha}⪢1$, where $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is graphene's ``fine-structure constant,'' there is a crossover as a function of distance $r$ from the usual three-dimensional Coulomb law, $V(r)\ensuremath{\sim}1/r$, to a two-dimensional Coulomb interaction, $V(r)\ensuremath{\sim}\text{ln}(N\ensuremath{\alpha}/mr)$, for ${m}^{\ensuremath{-}1}⪡r⪡{m}^{\ensuremath{-}1}N\ensuremath{\alpha}/6$. This effect reflects the weak ``confinement'' of the electric field in the graphene plane. The crossover also leads to unusual renormalization of the quasiparticle velocity and gap at low momenta. We also discuss the differences between the interaction potential in gapped graphene and usual quantum electrodynamics for different coupling regimes.
Control of the Properties of Glazes by the Aid of Eutectics A Study of Fusion Behavior and Other Properties of Ceramic Mixtures in the Eutectic Areas

The area of the phase equilibrium eutectics of ceramic compositions was studied to determine the location of the deformation eutectics. Mixtures of the deformation eutectics then were investigated to disclose the compositions of lowest deformation temperatures and most abrupt fusion.
The Relationship of Granulocyte ATP to Chemotactic Response During Storage

During the storage of granulocytes, bactericidal activity declines more slowly than does chemotactic response (CTR). Bacterial killing involves increased activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt, oxygen utilization and the generation of toxic products of oxygen. Chemotaxis is probably a contractile process involving myosin and actin filaments and possibly ATP as a source of energy. Thus, maintainance of ATP may be important in granulocyte preservation. During storage at 1 to 6 C of granulocytes collected by continuous and intermittent flow centrifuge leukapheresis, both CTR and ATP decreased approximately 33 percent. Decreases in CTR and ATP were 12 and 10 percent respectively when cells were stored at 20 to 24 C. Further decreases in CTR and ATP occurred between 24 and 48 hours of storage, although levels of both were higher in cells stored at 20 to 24 C compared with those stored at 1 to 6 C. When the results from all storage conditions were combined, the overall coefficient of correlation between CTR and ATP was 0.71 (p less than .05). Although ATP is probably not the only important variable in granulocyte preservation, granulocytes may resemble red blood cells in that a minimal level of ATP may be necessary for adequate function.
Struktur und Biogenese der Makrolide

Unter den basischen Stoffwechselprodukten verschiedener Streptomyces-Arten befinden sich Substanzen mit einem makrocyclischen Lacton-Ring, die daher als „Makrolide” bezeichnet werden. Zu ihnen gehort das Antibioticum Magnamycin, gewissermasen ein riesiger Zucker und gleichzeitig eine langkettige aliphatische Verbindung, dessen Strukturaufklarung beschrieben wird. Die Stereochemie der Verbindung konnte zu einem erheblichen Teil gleichfalls aufgeklart werden. Biogenetisch betrachtet, zeigt die Vorstufe des Magnamycins das Skelett der Tuberculostearinsaure. Es kann u. a. wahrscheinlich gemacht werden, das lange Kohlenstoff-Ketten in der Natur durch schrittweise Addition von Acetat oder aquivalenten Einheiten am jeweiligen Kettenende aufgebaut werden, wobei die Sauerstoff-Atome, die in den vorhergehenden Stufen eingefuhrt wurden, beibehalten werden, und es ist moglich, das eine grose Zahl der naturlich vorkommenden Zuckerarten durch Reaktionen gebildet wird, wie sie bei der Synthese von Fettsauren ablaufen.
A Semantic Web Management Model for Integrative Biomedical Informatics

Background Data, data everywhere. The diversity and magnitude of the data generated in the Life Sciences defies automated articulation among complementary efforts. The additional need in this field for managing property and access permissions compounds the difficulty very significantly. This is particularly the case when the integration involves multiple domains and disciplines, even more so when it includes clinical and high throughput molecular data.
Intelligently helping the human planner in industrial process planning

The function of a process planning system is to determine the methods by which a product is to be manufactured economically and competitively. In a modern manufacturing environment, a process planning system consists of highly trained people and complex software. The plans prepared by a process planning system are not always executed as planned. It is useful if the system can discover why plans fail, when they do fail. In order to learn why plans fail, the system must analyse a number of plans, both successful and unsuccessful, to find patterns in the failures of plans. This type of analysis is difficult for people, who are much better at analysing single events than multiple events.The aim of the project described here is to design and implement a computer program which will help human planners in a process planning system to understand why plans fail. To achieve this aim, a program called IMAFO (Intelligent MAnufacturing FOreman) has been developed. IMAFO uses decision tree induction to analyse examples of both successful and unsuccessful plans.The difficulties presented by this application are discussed and solutions are presented. Problems addressed include finding an appropriate set of attributes for describing the plans, using data efficiently, consolidating input from distinct sources, and presenting decision trees in an understandable form. Potential applications and directions for future research are considered.
Synthesis of degradable model networks via ATRP and click chemistry.

A simple scheme involving atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from a bifunctional initiator, conversion of the bromine end groups of the resulting telechelic polymer to azides, and cross-linking of this azido−telechelic macromonomer with multi-acetylene functionalized small molecules via copper-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition was employed to prepare the first tert-butyl acrylate model networks. This general scheme is wide in scope, enabling synthesis of model networks possessing defined pore size from any monomer polymerizable by ATRP. Introduction of an olefin moiety into the ATRP initiator enabled degradation of the materials by ozonolysis to yield star polymer products bearing three or four arms depending on which cross-linker was employed in the parent network. Size-exclusion chromatography of the ozonolysis products confirmed the pore size of the parent network and yielded insight into the number of unreacted functionalities. Model networks derived from a trifunctional alkyne were found ...
Proof-carrying authentication

We have designed and implemented a general and powerful distributed authentication framework based on higher-order logic. Authentication frameworks — including Taos, SPKI, SDSI, and X.509 — have been explained using logic. We show that by starting with the logic, we can implement these frameworks, all in the same concise and efficient system. Because our logic has no decision procedure — although proof checking is simple — users of the framework must submit proofs with their requests.
INTERLEUKIN-1β STIMULATES SOMATOSTATIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN PRIMARY CULTURES OF FETAL RAT BRAIN

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a secretory product of activated macrophages and many other cell types, is an important mediator of the acute phase reaction to infection and to endotoxin administration. Previous reports that GH and TSH secretion are decreased following injection of endotoxin or IL-1 led us to test the hypothesis that IL-1 acts by releasing increased amounts of somatostatin (SS), a hypothalamic factor inhibitory of both GH and TSH release. Primary cultures of dispersed fetal rat diencephalic cells were found to contain increasing amounts of immunoreactive SS in both cells and media after addition of recombinant human IL-1β. This increase was detectable at 24 hours and continued for up to 6 days, the longest time interval tested. Increased content of SS peptide was accompanied by marked increases in SS mRNA. These changes were dose-related, the lowest effective dose being 10−10M. In contrast to the long term response, exposure of the cells to IL-1β for one hour had only minimal stimulating effects on...
Laterality effects with visual perception of

Using the paradigm denoting a contralateral relationship between visual field and brain hemisphere, laterality effects with music notation and dots were investigated. Two groups of readers of advanced piano music were selected, one good, one poor. Each group participated in two visual half-field experiments, one using random dot patterns and the other using musical chords. Significant opposite field effects were found for the two kinds of stimuli across reading groups, the left field for dots and the right field for chords. With dots, a significant sex effect emerged, with males superior to females across groups. The only significant group difference appeared in the chord experiment, in which the good group was superior. A practice effect also was found only with chords. Results suggest that the left hemisphere is more important for recognition of music notation than the right.
Polyamines are necessary for cell migration by a small intestinal crypt cell line

Studies from our laboratory have shown that polyamines are essential for the normal repair of duodenal erosions induced in vivo in a rat stress-ulcer model. In that model, the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) almost entirely prevented healing. Healing could be restored by oral polyamines. In this paper, we have investigated whether the polyamines are required for the early stages of epithelial restitution using an IEC-6 cell culture model of cell migration. Treatment of the cells with DFMO for 4 days reduced cell migration 80%. Migration could be restored to normal by concomitant treatment with putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), or spermine (SPM), but not by their addition during the migration period (6 h) only. If DFMO treatment was not begun until the migration period, it still reduced cell migration 20%, and this deficit could not be restored by concomitant addition of the polyamines. Intracellular polyamine levels at these times, i.e., 6 h or 4 days, were an important factor in these results. Only PUT was undetectable after 6 h of DFMO. SPD and SPM were still at normal levels at 6 h. SPD was undetectable at 4 days, but SPM was still at 40% of normal. These data give added importance to PUT because its absence reduced cell migration after only 6 h, while SPD and SPM were still present in normal amounts. Perhaps exogenous SPD and SPM restored cell migration when present with DFMO for 4 days treatment primarily because they contributed to intracellular PUT through the acetyltransferases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Roth Conversions - Using the Recharacterization Option Effectively

Rex P. Macey pioneered the space in which this paper attempts to add additional insight. His paper was published in Investments & Wealth Monitor, a journal published by the Investment Management Consultants Association (IMCA). The date was the September/October 2010 edition, and the title was Roth Conversions: Take Advantage of the Government's Free Option. We reproduce the major results of that paper, however, we specifically use the Leung and Sircar model discussed on ssrn.com in their paper entitled Implied Volatility of Leveraged ETF Options, specifically equations 1-4. In the Macey paper, a discussion ensues concerning the advantages of using antithetical positions in the Pro Shares S&P 500 ETF's, specifically SPXU and UPRO. The Leung and Sircar equations 1-4 would have the interest rate r=0 and the expense ratio c=0.95% annually for these example based on discussions with Pro Shares management. The purpose of this paper is to (1) expand the Macey paper to longer term horizons (specifically 2, 5 and 10 years), (2) introduce the metric of Final Total Account Balance (FTAB) as discussed in Sumutka, Sumutka and Coopersmith in Tax-Efficient Tax Withdrawal Planning Using a Comprehensive Tax Model, published in the April, 2012 edition of the Journal of Financial Planning, and (3) to evaluate the Macey and the new approaches on this metric. The multi-year analysis is simplified because each year serves as a node on the typical binomial tree. The process is terminated after the 2, 5 and 10 year horizons. This appears to cover the time horizons of most clients of financial planners. The results suggest that Macey may have been accepting a higher risk level, as well as expense level, suggesting the long-term use of the SPXU and UPRO investment vehicles.
Preliminary Analysis of Adjacent Segment Degeneration in Patients Treated with Posterior Cervical Cages: 2-Year Follow-Up

Objective Select patients with unremitting symptoms of cervical radiculopathy may be treated with indirect foraminal decompression and fusion via placement of a cervical cage placed bilaterally through a tissue sparing, posterior approach. Segmental fusion is known to affect adjacent segments. The aim of this study was to assess the affect of posterior fusion using bilateral cervical cages on adjacent segment degeneration (ASDegeneration) at 2 years postoperatively. Methods Fifty-three patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study who completed the imaging protocol were available for follow-up at 2 years. Lateral cervical radiographs were acquired preoperatively and at 1- and 2-years postoperatively. Imaging was evaluated for adjacent level degeneration using the following criteria: disk height ratio (DHR) defined as the ratio of the disk height and the lower vertebrae height measured at level above and below; proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK); Kellgren and Lawrence osteoarthritis severity grade (KLOSG); and heterotopic ossification (HO). The results were compared with a repeated analysis of variance test and Bonferroni correction; P Results At 2 years postoperatively, there were no revision surgeries at the operated level or new surgeries at the adjacent levels. Of the 102 segments evaluated, ASDegeneration was identified at 21 levels cranial to and 21 levels caudal to the index level. At 2 years, new mild ASDegeneration signs developed at 3 levels: 1 in the level above and 2 in the level below the operated segment. In patients with pre-existing disk degeneration, mild progression of ASDegeneration signs developed in 6 upper and 2 lower segments. There were no significant changes in DHR and PJK in all patients; however, when patients with signs of ASDegeneration only were evaluated, a significant decrease of the DHR was found. The mean DHRs before surgery and 1 and 2 years after surgery in all patients were 44.0 ± 8.1, 44.0 ± 8.2, and 43.1 ± 8.4 ( P = 0.1006) and in ASD patients were 43.8 ± 7.3, 41.9 ± 6.3, and 39.6 ± 8.3 ( P = 0.0062), respectively. Overall, at 2 years postoperatively, ASDegeneration was identified in 9 patients (17.6% when compared with all evaluated patients before surgery). Conclusions In the current study, 5.9% of subjects treated with posterior cervical cages placed bilaterally between the facet joints developed adjacent segment degeneration at 2 years. Mild progression of existing degeneration was observed in 11.8% of subjects. Further evaluation to establish long-term incidence is needed.
Principal components of electrocortical activity during self-evaluation indicate depressive symptom severity

Negative self-evaluation is an important psychological characteristic of depression. In order to study the underlying neural mechanisms, we examined event-related potentials (ERPs) during a self-evaluation task in a community sample (N = 150) of adults reporting a range of depressive symptoms. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to separate processes that overlap in the average ERP, and neural source analysis was applied to localize the ERP components, with a particular focus on the frontal networks that are thought to be critical to affective self-regulation in depression. Consistent with previous research, individuals reporting greater depression showed enhanced negativity over medial frontal regions as well as attenuation of the late positive potential over parietal regions. Examining loadings of frontal sources on the ERP components showed that activity in the right inferior frontal region may be particularly important for depressed individuals: activity in this region declined as symptoms became more severe. Characterizing brain mechanisms of self-evaluation on the timescale of cognitive events may provide insight into the neural mechanisms of self-regulation that are important in cognitive therapy, and that could be made more amenable to change through increasing neuroplasticity with targeted non-invasive neuromodulation.
Antagonism of hyperthermogenic agents by L 8027, an inhibitor of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthetase.

SummaryThe ability of L 8027 to antagonize hyperthermic responses to a bacterial pyrogen, sodium arachidonate and prostaglandin Ei was studied in unanesthetized, unrestrained cats. The hyperthermogenic agents were injected into the third cerebral ventricle. L 8027, 2 mg/kg in 0.10 ml/kg 95% ethanol, was given iv. When L 8027 was administered during hyperthermic responses to Salmonella typhosa endotoxin and sodium arachidonate, both were significantly antagonized, the endotoxin to a somewhat greater extent. When L 8027 was given 30 min prior to prostaglandin E1, the response to the prostaglandin was not altered significantly. L 8027 given alone lowered body temperature approximately 0.2° for 8 hr when compared to the temperature change after injection of vehicle. These results indicate that L 8027 is a relatively potent antipyretic which can also inhibit arachidonate-induced hyperthermia.
Effect of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) on serum hyaluronidase inhibitor in rheumatic fever.

SummaryACTH brings out a marked decrease in the level of the “nonspecific” hyaluronidase inhibitor in patients with rheumatic fever. This decrease parallels the drop in sedimentation rate and clinical course. It is suggested that this may be a reflection of the effect of adrenal hormones on changing the state of connective tissue so that it no longer reacts to the precipitating stimuli in the diseases of connective tissue.
Energy Storage Techniques Applied in Smart Grid

As energy storage techniques can solve the problems of grid frequency and voltage fluctuation while integrating new energy resources such as wind and solar energy into power grid,various energy storage techniques are reviewed as to strengthening power network safety and maintaining load levels.Their development actualities are compared in order to determine the most appropriate emerge storage technique for smart grid.
Characteristics Comparison Between Registered and Floating Troublemaking Psychopaths in Changning District,Shanghai

Objective To investigate the characteristics of registered and floating troublemaking psychopaths and accidents in Changning district of Shanghai for formulating countermeasures. Methods Demographic information and state of illness of the troublemaking psychopaths in Changning district in 2011- 2012 were statistically analyzed with SPSS18. 0. Results The incidence rate of trouble- causing behavior in local registered residents and floating population were respectively 1. 25 /105 and 7. 89 /105,with statistical difference( χ2= 137. 18,P 0. 01). The average age of the troublemaking psychopath was 34. 11 ± 8. 58 in floating population and 42. 87± 13. 23 in local registered residents,with statistical difference( t = 2. 7,P 0. 05). The proportion of jobless psychopath in floating population and local registered residents were respectively 80. 00% and 47. 00%,with statistical difference( χ2= 4. 08, P 0. 05).Compared with local registered psychopath, the proportion of server cases and the positive syndrome in floating population were both higher and the course of illness was shorter; the proportion of serious consequences of caused troubles,the proportion of the unknown family history and past crime were all higher,all with statisticaldifference. Conclusion The troublemaking psychopath in floating population is characterized by younger,lower education degree,more positive syndrome,higher past crime rate and more serious consequences in caused troubles.
Colon cancer: Surgical therapy

Successful treatment of colon cancer is founded on surgical resection of the primary lesion and the regional lymph nodes. The significant number of patients so resected who experience no recurrence, even with positive lymph nodes, indicates that the disease still was confined regionally and that the therapy was effective. Cancer in about 50 per cent of patients does recur, however, and, outside of a small proportion who can be resected again, all patients with recurrence die. There is virtually no curative nonsurgical therapy for colorectal carcinoma.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in perfused rat lungs after O2 exposure

O2-induced impairment of mitochondrial energy generation was examined in intact lungs isolated from rats after 18-30 h exposure to either air or 100% O2 in vivo. Mitochondrial metabolic rates were determined by separate measurements of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]pyruvate and [U-14C]palmitate, perfused under normal and stimulated metabolic conditions brought about by perfusion with the uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). In the absence of DNP, O2 exposure did not significantly alter 14CO2 productions from either substrate. DNP increased lung pyruvate and palmitate catabolism to CO2 twofold in air-exposed lungs but did not alter 14CO2 production in lungs isolated from O2-exposed rats. These data demonstrated an O2-induced impairment of maximal mitochondrial metabolism of both pyruvate and palmitate that could not be explained by alterations in tissue free coenzyme A or by loss of pyridine nucleotides. However, comparisons of the steady-state levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates between O2- and air-exposed lungs did identify isocitrate dehydrogenase as a possible site of O2-induced enzyme inactivation.
Oxidative Stress Genes in Plasmodium falciparum as Indicated by Temporal Gene Expression

Entry of Plasmodium falciparum into human red blood cells is a stressful event for both the host and the parasite. Conversion of hemoglobin into usable food by P. falciparum is accompanied by the production of chemically reactive and toxic molecules called oxidants. Examination of the temporal sequence of gene expression during the intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC) [Bozdech, Z., et al., PLoS Biology, 1(1) (2003), 1–16] can help elucidate how Plasmodium responds to these self-generated harmful chemicals while proceeding through its normal developmental program. Our study has three parts: identification of temporally-defined sets of co-regulated oxidative stress response genes in this parasite; comparison of the temporal patterns of the oxidative stress response to that of co-regulated gene sets involved in other processes; and identification of putative transcription factor binding sites by finding DNA motifs unique to the upstream regions of co-regulated oxidative stress response genes.
A Psychosocial Model of Children’s Health Status

As a result of increasingly sophisticated medical advances, the prognosis for pedriatric conditions once considered terminal has improved measurably. Moreover, with appropriate preventive health practices (e.g., immunization), the risk of contracting many acute and infectious diseases has been reduced substantially. Recently, however, the health status of American children has shown signs of deterioration and consequently has become a primary concern among health care professionals. This development is paradoxical inasmuch as, relative to other developmental periods, childhood is generally considered a time in which health should be optimal (Tinsley, 1992). In addition, the childhood and adolescent years should be regarded as a particularly efficacious period to begin preventive health practices, thereby deterring known antecedents to adult disease (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Moreover, these years are even more important in that health habits developed during this period are likely to endure throughout adulthood (Lau, Quadrel, & Hartmann, 1990; Maddux, Roberts, Sledden, & Wright, 1986).
ESS and the Conformist Game

Abstract Evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) are such that players who adopt them survive the evolutionary game and do not allow other strategies (mutant strategies) to invade or coexist—all mutant strategies go extinct. An imaginary game among humans, that has the characteristics of evolutionary games is developed. The game and its predictions can be tested in a laboratory set-up. Solutions are demonstrated. An algorithm is proposed such that a player need not know anything about the game (except that it is an evolutionary game) in order to guarantee a win. The algorithm is demonstrated.
Abstract 3216: Attenuation of pancreatic tumor growth by a small molecule tubulin inhibitor

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is one of the most fatal cancers and is ranked as the fourth common cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the US. The management of PanCa is exceptionally difficult due to the extremely poor response to available chemotherapeutic drugs. Microtubules are dynamic structures composed of α-β-tubulin heterodimers that are essential in cell division and are important targets for several clinical drugs (paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinblastine). However, clinical use of these tubulin-targeting drugs have toxicity and drug resistance issues in cancer patients. Thus, identification of more potent non-toxic inhibitors of β-tubulin is urgently required for cancer therapy purposes. In this study, we have identified a synthetic compound (ABI-231) which is a potent inhibitor of β-tubulin and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy against PanCa in vitro, and in vivo model systems. Methods: ABI-231 ((2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl) (3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl)) - methanone was synthesized and characterized in our department. Effect of ABI-231 on proliferation, migration and invasion of human PanCa cells (ASPC1, HPAFII, and PANC1) was performed by in vitro functional assays (MTS, wound healing, and Boyden chamber migrations). Effect of ABI-231 on the expression of β-tubulin isoforms was determined and compared with other clinical inhibitors of β-tubulin by Western blot, and qRT-PCR. Moreover, the effect of ABI-231 on the expression of β-tubulin III in PanCa cells was determined by confocal microscopy. Therapeutic efficacy of ABI-231 against PanCa was evaluated in an ectopic xenograft mouse model. Results: ABI-231 treatment inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, migration and colony formation abilities of PanCa cells in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 nM) compared to vehicle treated group. Aberrant expression of β-tubulin III is involved in aggressiveness and drug resistance of various type of cancers including PanCa. ABI-231 effectively inhibited the protein levels and mRNA expression of total β-tubulin (TBB), TBB1, TBB2c, TBB3 and TBB4 in PanCa cells via destabilization. Our confocal microscopy results further showed inhibition of β-tubulin in ABI-231 treated PanCa cells. Upregulation of micro RNA 200c (miR-200c) has been shown to inhibit the expression of β-tubulin III in cancer cells. ABI-231 treatment of PanCa cells showed significant (p Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that ABI-231 is a potent β-tubulin inhibitor and chemotherapeutic agent which could be used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Vivek K. Kashyap, Bilal B. Hafeez, Qinghui Wang, Saini Setua, Andrew Massey, Aditya Ganju, Murali M. Yallapu, Duane D. Miller, Wei Li, Meena Jaggi, Subhash C. Chauhan. Attenuation of pancreatic tumor growth by a small molecule tubulin inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3216. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3216
Pathway centrality in protein interaction networks identifies functional mediators of pulmonary disease

Identification of functional pathways mediating molecular responses may lead to better understanding of disease processes and suggest new therapeutic approaches. We introduce a method to detect such mediating functions using topological properties of protein-protein interaction networks. We introduce the concept of pathway centrality, a measure of communication between disease genes and differentially expressed genes. We find mediating pathways for three pulmonary diseases (asthma; bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) using pathway centrality. Mediating pathways shared by all three pulmonary disorders heavily favor inflammatory or immune responses and include specific pathways such as cytokine production, NF Kappa B, and JAK/STAT signaling. Disease-specific mediators, such as insulin signaling in BPD or homeostasis in COPD, are also highlighted. We support our findings, some of which suggest new treatment approaches, both with anecdotal evidence from the literature and via systematic evaluation using genetic interactions.
A 49-Year-Old Woman With Right Apical Thoracic Mass

A 49-year-old woman with a medical history of essential hypertension presented to the ED with severe pain in the left superior chest and dull aching pain in the upper flank, lasting for the last 2 days.
The makings of the ‘actin code': regulation of actin's biological function at the amino acid and nucleotide level

The actin cytoskeleton plays key roles in every eukaryotic cell and is essential for cell adhesion, migration, mechanosensing, and contractility in muscle and non-muscle tissues. In higher vertebrates, from birds through to mammals, actin is represented by a family of six conserved genes. Although these genes have evolved independently for more than 100 million years, they encode proteins with ≥94% sequence identity, which are differentially expressed in different tissues, and tightly regulated throughout embryogenesis and adulthood. It has been previously suggested that the existence of such similar actin genes is a fail-safe mechanism to preserve the essential function of actin through redundancy. However, knockout studies in mice and other organisms demonstrate that the different actins have distinct biological roles. The mechanisms maintaining this distinction have been debated in the literature for decades. This Review summarizes data on the functional regulation of different actin isoforms, and the mechanisms that lead to their different biological roles in vivo We focus here on recent studies demonstrating that at least some actin functions are regulated beyond the amino acid level at the level of the actin nucleotide sequence.
Examining relationships of intimate partner violence and food insecurity with HIV-related risk factors among young pregnant Liberian women.

Gender inequities place women at an increased risk for HIV acquisition, and this association may particularly disenfranchize young pregnant women. Intimate partner violence (IPV) and food insecurit...
Using high fidelity simulation to increase nursing students' clinical postpartum and newborn assessment proficiency: A mixed-methods research study.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to explore the benefits of using High Fidelity Simulators (HFS) to teach maternal postpartum and newborn assessment skills to student nurses before they interacted with actual hospital patients. Design This descriptive, observational study employed a mixed-method design using a Qualtrics online survey instrument. Setting The study was set at a Midwestern university. Participants The study used a convenience sample of third-year BSN nursing students (n = 132). Methods After participating in an HFS experience and completing a maternity clinical rotation, students took an online Qualtrics survey evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of the HFS experience. Results Students valued the HFS experience at an average score of 3.82 on a Likert Scale of 1–5. Open-ended questions identified three themes: psychomotor learning leading to skill acquisition, affective learning, and simulation restructuring to provide more time, better instructor preparation, and smaller groups. Conclusion This study's data supports the use of HFS to enhance nursing care and education, with special attention given to instructional consistency. Practicing new assessment skills in a non-threatening, safe environment gives students expertise and confidence while promoting the development of critical thinking skills.
PAIN, DEMENTIA, AND RECURRENT FALLS AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Accumulating evidence suggests that pain is a risk factor for falls. Considering that pain is more common in community-dwelling older adults with dementia, we investigated the effects of pain and dementia on falls risk. Data collected annually on 7,601 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who participated in the 2011–2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed. Over the 4-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidence of recurrent falls was 28.5%. Relative to older adults without bothersome pain and dementia, the risk of recurrent falls was 86% higher in those with pain but without dementia (RR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.68–2.06), 147% higher in those without pain but who had dementia (RR=2.47; 95% CI: 2.02–3.01), and 292% higher in those with both pain and dementia (RR=3.92; 95% CI: 3.43–4.47), adjusting for demographic characteristics. Results suggest that fall prevention programs should integrate pain management strategies tailored to older adults with and without dementia.
Conclusion: Transnational Shakespeare, Then and Now

This chapter is devoted to transnational trends of Shakespeare in the Interwar Period, and many of the productions, I suggest, anticipate the recent critical turn to global Shakespeares. The film version of Max Reinhold’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, for example, serves as a predecessor to the Branagh productions, specifically the comedy Much Ado about Nothing (1993). I also consider the film of As You Like It directed by the Hungarian-born director, Paul Czinner. In a brief “Coda” entitled “The Shakespearean Sphere,” I consider the globalization and “glocalization” of Shakespeare between 1945 and the present, because it is important to consider the ways in which the “Shakespearean Sphere” has also expanded and contracted in the last 100 years.
IHI ID 14 Rational opioid prescribing

Background At Yale New Haven Health System, our default route for delivering parenteral opioids has previously been the intravenous route, which can increase the risk of hypotension, undesired central nervous system effects and potentially risk of addiction. A multidisciplinary team identified opportunities to modify how opioids are prescribed and administered to reduce the risk of these adverse effects. Objectives To reduce the number of IV opioid doses administered to adult inpatients, emergency department and observation patients by 25% through the adoption of a system-wide opioid prescribing standard of practice. Methods The redesigned practice includes four main principles: EPIC Optimization: The removal of the default route of intravenous delivery of parenteral morphine, hydromorphone and fentanyl orders for adult patients. Education of providers to consider prescribing non-opioid pain medications and/or oral opioids first with subcutaneous delivery as the preferred parenteral route. Education of clinical nurses to consider subcutaneous delivery as the preferred route when parenteral opioids are required and to have a questioning attitude if opioids are routinely prescribed via intravenous delivery. Development of patient education material to provide information about the preferred route for administration of opioids as oral and subcutaneous. Results Please see the attachment with the data analysis. Conclusions Our data suggests these interventions were helpful in reducing exposure to IV opioids while still providing effective pain control to hospitalized adults. The work of the team allowed patients to experience consistent delivery of pain medication, better pain control with decreased unwanted side effects.
SDT Mini-Theories: Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Intrinsic Motivation, and Cognitive Evaluation

This chapter introduces the reader to the first two mini-theories of self-determination theory and how they relate to need satisfaction within an athletic context. The first mini-theory to be discussed is basic psychological needs theory (BPNT). Just like humans have physiological needs (air, food, water, shelter) that are necessary for growth and well-being, there are also needs that are necessary for psychological well-being. Those three psychological needs are autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Satisfaction of those needs can lead to intrinsic motivation (activities for which the reward is the activity itself). An increased understanding of intrinsic motivation has changed our approach to motivation but equally important is the idea that we have a natural inclination toward intrinsic motivation. The ways that intrinsic motivation can be supported or hindered is the primary interest of the next mini-theory of SDT, cognitive evaluation theory (CET). The primary premises of CET are as follows: when a person perceives that his or her need for autonomy and competency are not being met, intrinsic motivation decreases.
The direct and indirect effects of motor competence on adolescents’ mental health through health-related physical fitness

Mental health is an important public health issue and up to one in five youth experience mental health problems. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among motor competence, health-related physical fitness and mental health outcomes in adolescents. A secondary goal was to test the direct and indirect effects of motor competence on adolescents' mental health through health-related physical fitness. Participants were 279 adolescents (Mage = 12.49, SD = 0.89) recruited in the south-west region of the US Motor competence including volleyball, soccer, and ultimate Frisbee, were assessed using PE Metrics™. FITNESSGRAM® test battery was used to assess health-related physical fitness components. Students completed a survey measuring their depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. Motor competence was significantly associated with components of health-related physical fitness (r ranged from -0.15 to 0.38). The robust fit of the model supports the significant indirect effect of motor competence on mental health outcomes through health-related physical fitness (χ2/df = 39.92/25; CFI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.046; 90% CI [0.02, 0.07]). The hypothesized conceptual model tested in this study provides insights into the potential interaction of motor competence and health-related physical fitness with adolescents' mental health.
“Our school system is trying to be agrarian”: educating for reskilling and food system transformation in the rural school garden

School gardens and garden-based learning continue to gain great popularity in the United States, and their pedagogical potential, and ability to impact students’ fruit and vegetable consumption and activity levels have been well-documented. Less examined is their potential to be agents of food system reskilling and transformation. Though producer and consumer are inextricably linked in the food system, and deskilling of one directly influences the other, theorists often focus on production-centered and consumption-centered deskilling separately. However, in a school garden, the production/consumption disconnect is erased, by virtue of the design of the site itself and how it is utilized by the actors within it. School gardens provide the critical component of education in alternative food networks, and contribute to the producer/consumer reskilling that is a necessary part of food system transformation. We conducted a case study of an established school garden program during its transition from autonomous non-profit to official, district-funded program of a rural school district in the Midwest. By participating in the full “seed to plate” life cycle of a garden crop, students in the garden were actively involved in the reconnection of producer and consumer, while educators were fostering in students an appreciation for fresh, healthy foods and actively challenging the “McDonaldization” of both students’ diets and education. Based upon these findings, we argue that school gardens in rural areas could leverage the dominant role of rural America in developing and shifting food system paradigms.
Tuning of brain–autonomic coupling by prior threat exposure: Implications for internalizing problems in Mexican-origin adolescents

Exposure to threat increases the risk for internalizing problems in adolescence. Deficits in integrating bodily cues into representations of emotion are thought to contribute to internalizing problems. Given the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating bodily responses and integrating them into representations of emotional states, coordination between activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous system responses may be influenced by past threat exposure with consequences for the emergence of internalizing problems. A sample of 179 Mexican-origin adolescents (88 female) reported on neighborhood and school crime, peer victimization, and discrimination when they were 10-16 years old. At age 17, participants underwent a functional neuroimaging scan during which they viewed pictures of emotional faces while respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance responses were measured. Adolescents also reported symptoms of internalizing problems. Greater exposure to threats across adolescence was associated with more internalizing problems. Threat exposure was also associated with stronger negative coupling between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and RSA. Stronger negative ventromedial prefrontal cortex-RSA coupling was associated with fewer internalizing problems. These results suggest the degree of coordinated activity between the brain and parasympathetic nervous system is both enhanced by threat experiences and decreased in adolescents with more internalizing problems.
A PILOT STUDY OF SELECT CELL CYCLE MARKERS IN GLANDULAR ODONTOGENIC CYSTS

Objectives Glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs) differ significantly in their biologic behavior. One third of GOCs have been reported to recur whereas recurrence is rare in DCs. Due to the apparent growth potential of GOCs, we evaluated and compared the presence of cell cycle markers such as cyclin D1, p53, p16, p27, Rb, and BCL-2. Findings Eight GOCs and a control group of three DCs were included in the pilot study. All GOCs possessed seven or more of the required features. Interestingly, we detected strong expression of Cyclin D1, a regulatory protein required for cell cycle progression, within the basilar and parabasilar layers of the cyst epithelium for GOCs and scattered positivity correlating with the level of inflammation in DCs. Expression of tumor suppressor proteins, p27 and p16, were notably different between the two cysts. For p16, the superficial layers were strongly and diffusely positive in GOCs while the basilar and parabasilar layers were essentially negative. DCs showed a patternless distribtion of p16 staining with variable intensity throughout the epithelium. The majority GOCs exhibited full thickness expression of p27 whereas DCs demonstrated scattered and weak positivity. With p53, BCl-2, and Rb, minimal appreciable difference was noted in the staining pattern and intensity between GOCs and DCs. Conclusions Our results revealed differential staining patterns between DCs and GOCs for the following cell cycle markers: Cyclin D1, p16, p27. Based on our staining pattern, we also hypothesize that the proliferation potential of the basal and parabasilar layers of the epithelium in particular contribute to the growth and high recurrence rate for GOCs. Our findings suggest that cell cycle disturbances exist in GOCs and may contribute to the aggressiveness of their biological behavior. Additional studies with an expanded cohort are required to confirm these initial findings and provide further insights.
Where Is Psychology Teaching and Learning Research Conducted? An Analysis of Institution Setting and Class Sizes:

This article presents a census of empirical studies on the scholarship of teaching published in Teaching of Psychology, Psychology Learning and Teaching, and Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in...
Patient Notification Events Due to Syringe Reuse and Mishandling of Injectable Medications by Health Care Personnel-United States, 2012-2018: Summary and Recommended Actions for Prevention and Response.

Abstract Objectives To summarize patient notifications resulting from unsafe injection practices by health care personnel in the United States and describe recommended actions for prevention and response. Patients and Methods We examined records of events involving communications to groups of patients, conducted from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2018, in which bloodborne pathogen testing was recommended or offered because of potential exposure to unsafe injection practices by health care personnel in the United States. Information compiled included: health care setting(s), type of unsafe injection practice(s), number of patients notified, number of outbreak-associated infections, and whether evidence suggesting bloodborne pathogen transmission prompted the notification. We compared these numbers with a similar review conducted from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2011. Results From 2012 through 2018, more than 66,748 patients were notified as part of 38 patient notification events. Twenty-one involved exposures in non-hospital settings. Twenty-five involved syringe and/or needle reuse in the context of routine patient care; 11 involved drug tampering by a health care provider. The majority of events (n=25) were prompted by identification of unsafe injection practices alone, absent any documented infections at the time of notification. Outbreak-associated hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infections were documented for 11 of the events; 8 involved patient-to-patient transmission, and 3 involved provider-to-patient transmission. Conclusions Since 2001, nearly 200,000 patients in the United States were notified about potential exposure to blood-contaminated medications or injection equipment. Facility leadership has an obligation to ensure adherence to safe injection practices and to respond properly if unsafe injection practices are identified.