cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Circuit Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm (sometimes called "benign essential blepharospasm," BEB) is one of the most common focal dystonias. It involves involuntary eyelid spasms, eye closure, and increased blinking. Despite the success of botulinum toxin injections and, in some cases, pharmacologic or surgical interventions, BEB treatments are not completely efficacious and only symptomatic. We could develop principled strategies for preventing and reversing the disease if we knew the pathogenesis of primary BEB. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework and dynamic circuit hypothesis for the pathogenesis of BEB. The framework extends our overarching theory for the multifactorial pathogenesis of focal dystonias (Peterson et al., 2010) to incorporate a two-hit rodent model specifically of BEB (Schicatano et al., 1997). We incorporate in the framework three features critical to cranial motor control: (1) the joint influence of motor cortical regions and direct descending projections from one of the basal ganglia output nuclei, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, on brainstem motor nuclei, (2) nested loops composed of the trigeminal blink reflex arc and the long sensorimotor loop from trigeminal nucleus through thalamus to somatosensory cortex back through basal ganglia to the same brainstem nuclei modulating the reflex arc, and (3) abnormalities in the basal ganglia dopamine system that provide a sensorimotor learning substrate which, when combined with patterns of increased blinking, leads to abnormal sensorimotor mappings manifest as BEB. The framework explains experimental data on the trigeminal reflex blink excitability (TRBE) from Schicatano et al. and makes predictions that can be tested in new experimental animal models based on emerging genetics in dystonia, including the recently characterized striatal-specific D1R dopamine transduction alterations caused by the GNAL mutation. More broadly, the model will provide a guide for future efforts to mechanistically link multiple factors in the pathogenesis of BEB and facilitate simulations of how exogenous manipulations of the pathogenic factors could ultimately be used to prevent and reverse the disorder.
Creating a Spiritually Friendly Company

This series of teaching cases is intended for use in graduate and undergraduate courses to explore the broad issues of spirituality in organizations and individual approaches to management and spirituality. It consists of eight cases—A, B(1), C, D, E, F, G, and H.
Comparison of Decomposition and Coordination Methods in Hydrothermal Optimal Scheduling

Abstract Tnis paper presents two different decomposition and coordination methods in hydrothermal optimal scheduling. The one divides the initial problem into n single thermal plant and m single hydro plant subproblems, the other — T single-period sub-problems. The advantage of decomposing by plant instead of by period is that the dynamics and constraints of reservoirs and the travel time delays can easily be considered in subsystems. Computation results for a real power system are reported.
Reverse Engineering of Land Cover Data: Machine Learning for Data Replication in the Spatial and Temporal Domains

Land cover datasets are generally produced from satellite imagery using state-of-the-art model-based classification methods while integrating large amounts of ancillary data to help improve accuracy levels. The knowledge base encapsulated in this process is a resource that could be used to produce new data of similar quality, more efficiently. A central question is whether this richness of information could potentially be extracted from the underlying remote sensing imagery to then classify an image for a different geographic extent or a different point in time. This chapter summarizes the state of research in this field and highlights the most important insights derived from recent studies. Regional and national land cover datasets exist in many countries and the development of automated, robust methods for spatial extrapolation or temporal extension of such data would benefit the scientific community and planning agencies, and advance similar areas of research in the methodological and applied domains.
TextScope: Enhance human perception via text mining

Recent years have seen a dramatic growth of natural language text data (e.g., web pages, news articles, scientific literature, emails, enterprise documents, blog articles, forum posts, product reviews, and tweets). Text data contain all kinds of knowledge about the world and human opinions and preferences, thus offering great opportunities for analyzing and mining vast amounts of text data (“big text data”) to support user tasks and optimize decision making in all application domains. However, computers cannot yet accurately understand unrestricted natural language; as such, involving humans in the loop of interactive text mining is essential. In this talk, I will present the vision of TextScope, an interactive software tool to enable users to perform intelligent information retrieval and text analysis in a unified task-support framework. Just as a microscope allows us to see things in the imicro world,i and a telescope allows us to see things far away, the envisioned TextScope would allow us to iseei useful hidden knowledge buried in large amounts of text data that would otherwise be unknown to us. As examples of techniques that can be used to build a TextScope, I will present some general statistical text mining algorithms that we have recently developed for joint analysis of text and non-text data to discover interesting patterns and knowledge. I will conclude the talk with a discussion of the major challenges in developing a TextScope and some important directions for future research in text data mining.
Cross-level sampling for bandwidth effective time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging implementation

The implementation of time domain fluorescence lifetime imaging (TD-FLIM) requires high cost bandwidth electronics and large storage capacity. A cross-level sampling technique for TD-FLIM is proposed. A simulation of this sampling technique was implemented using synthetic FLIM data. FLIM images were synthetically generated at different noise levels using a wide range of lifetimes. Each of the images was resampled using a cross-level approach and the lifetime maps were computed. Simulation results displayed strong correlation between the lifetime maps of the original and resampled images, suggesting that this sampling method could be adopted to reduce bandwidth and data transfer/ storage requirements.
Endoscopic Management of Difficult Bile Duct Stones

In 10–15% of the cases, conventional methods for removing bile duct stones by ERCP/balloon-basket extraction fail. The purpose of this review is to describe endoscopic techniques in managing these “difficult bile duct stones.” Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation with balloon extraction ± mechanical lithotripsy is the initial approach used to retrieve large bile duct stones. With advent of digital cholangioscopy, electrohydraulic and laser lithotripsy are gaining popularity. Enteroscopy-assisted or laparoscopic-assisted approaches can be used for those with gastric bypass anatomy. Difficulties in removing bile duct stones can be related to stone-related factors such as the size and location of the stone or to altered anatomy such as stricture in the bile duct or Roux-en-Y anatomy. Several endoscopy approaches and techniques have described in the recent past that have greatly enhanced our ability to remove these “difficult” bile duct stones.
Developing precision medicine using scarless genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells

Many avenues exist for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to impact medical care, but they may have their greatest impact on the development of precision medicine. Recent advances in genome editing and stem cell technology have enabled construction of clinically-relevant, genotype-specific “disease-in-a-dish” models. In this review, we outline the use of genome-edited hPSCs in precision disease modeling and drug screening as well as describe methodological advances in scarless genome editing. Scarless genome-editing approaches are attractive for genotype-specific disease modeling as only the intended DNA base-pair edits are incorporated without additional genomic modification. Emerging evidentiary standards for development and approval of precision therapies are likely to increase application of disease models derived from genome-edited hPSCs.
Axiomatic Approaches to Oncolytic Virus Modeling

The previous models described oncolytic virus dynamics in the context of specific ordinary differential equations. However, the same biological assumptions can be expressed with alternative mathematical expressions, and the arbitrary formulations that are chosen can sometimes determine the behavior of the model. It is therefore desirable to formulate a model such that its properties do not depend on arbitrary mathematical terms that are used to describe biological processes. This can be achieved through the formulation of axiomatic models, where biological processes are described by general functions that are subject to reasonable constraints. This chapter formulates an axiomatic model of oncolytic virus dynamics and identifies different classes of models that share common properties. The different model classes and their properties are discussed, focusing on the conditions required for virus-mediated tumor control.
Meta-analysis identifies mitochondrial DNA sequence variants associated with walking speed

Declines in walking speed are associated with a variety of poor health outcomes including disability, comorbidity, and mortality. While genetic factors are putative contributors to variability in walking, few genetic loci have been identified for this trait. We examined the role of mitochondrial genomic variation on walking speed by sequencing the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Data were meta-analyzed from 1758 Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study and replication data from 730 Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study participants with baseline walking speed information. Participants were 69+ years old of diverse racial backgrounds (African, European, and other race/ethnic groups) and had a wide range of mean walking speeds [4–6 m (0.78–1.09 m/s) and 400 m (0.83–1.24 m/s)]. Meta-analysis across studies and racial groups showed that m.12705C>T, ND5 variant was significantly associated (p A, ND2 and m.309C>CT, HV2 variants at short and long distances, respectively. All results remained statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment for 499 mtDNA variants. The m.12705C>T variant can be traced to the beginnings of human global migration and that cells carrying this variant display altered tRNA expression. Significant pooled effects related to stopping during the long-distance walk test were observed across OXPHOS complexes I (p = 0.0017) and III (p = 0.0048). These results suggest that mtDNA-encoded variants are associated with differences in walking speed among older adults, potentially identifying those at risk of developing mobility impairments.
Highs and lows of minimal residual disease in CLL.

In this issue of Blood, Langerak et al report on the prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) status in elderly patients with comorbid chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who were treated on the phase 3 CLL11 trial with chlorambucil plus rituximab (R-Chl) or chorambucil plus obinutuzumab (G-Chl).1
Adipose tissue: enabler of prostate cancer aggressive behavior.

Prostate cancer is an important contributor to cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2018, there was an estimated 164,690 new cases of prostate cancer and 29,430 deaths due to prostate cancer among American patients, making it the most common cause of cancer diagnosis in males (1). Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death among males, following respiratory tract malignancies (1). The historic discovery of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) efficacy against prostate cancer by Huggins et al . in 1941 set the first line therapy for treatment that persists to this day (2,3). Since then, advances in therapy have improved the 5-year survival rate of non-metastatic prostate cancer to 98.9% but patients with metastatic disease upon diagnosis experienced only a modest 28.2% 5-year survival (4).
Thermophoretically enriched detection.

An inexpensive assay that uses thermophoresis to concentrate cancer extracellular vesicles bound to aptamers specific for target proteins on the vesicles’ surface, can classify cancer patients according to cancer type and stage.
THE INFLUENCE OF SCOTTISH ACCOUNTANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE EARLY CASE OF THE SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS IN EDINBURGH

This study represents part of a long-term research program to investigate the influence of U.K. accountants on the development of professional accountancy in other parts of the world. It examines the impact of a small group of Scottish chartered accountants who emigrated to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Set against a general theory of emigration, the study's main results reveal the significant involvement of this group in the founding and development of U.S. accountancy. The influence is predominantly with respect to public accountancy and its main institutional organizations. Several of the individuals achieved considerable eminence in U.S. public accountancy.
Online Multivariate Anomaly Detection and Localization for High-dimensional Settings.

This paper considers the real-time detection of anomalies in high-dimensional systems. The goal is to detect anomalies quickly and accurately so that the appropriate countermeasures could be taken in time, before the system possibly gets harmed. We propose a sequential and multivariate anomaly detection method that scales well to high-dimensional datasets. The proposed method follows a nonparametric, i.e., data-driven, and semi-supervised approach, i.e., trains only on nominal data. Thus, it is applicable to a wide range of applications and data types. Thanks to its multivariate nature, it can quickly and accurately detect challenging anomalies, such as changes in the correlation structure and stealth low-rate cyberattacks. Its asymptotic optimality and computational complexity are comprehensively analyzed. In conjunction with the detection method, an effective technique for localizing the anomalous data dimensions is also proposed. We further extend the proposed detection and localization methods to a supervised setup where an additional anomaly dataset is available, and combine the proposed semi-supervised and supervised algorithms to obtain an online learning algorithm under the semi-supervised framework. The practical use of proposed algorithms are demonstrated in DDoS attack mitigation, and their performances are evaluated using a real IoT-botnet dataset and simulations.
Abstract 123: Outcomes and Complications of Aruba-eligible Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Patients Treated at Cleveland Clinic

Introduction: Despite the findings of the ARUBA trial, the optimal management of unruptured cerebral AVMs remains unclear. Current interventions to treat cerebral AVMs include microsurgery, radiosu...
Plant Response to Container Planting Method and Media

Abstract Shoot dry weight and relative root density of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’ and Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Hino Crimson’ were greater when liners were transplanted into holes with a core removed (excavated) compared to holes formed by compression (dibbled). Growth index, relative root density, and shoot dry weight increased as the percent pine bark in the growth media increased from 50% to 80 or 90% pine bark with holly and from 50% to 90% pine bark with azalea. Bulk density decreased and air porosity and irrigation frequency increased as the percent pine bark in pine bark:sandy loam container media increased from 50% to 100%. In a second experiment, root density and shoot dry weight of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’, but not Rhododendron × ‘Trouper’, were greater in pine bark and pine bark-sandy loam media when the planting hole was excavated rather than dibbled. Plant growth of the 2 species in peat-based media was not influenced by planting method.
Active Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemistry

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are truly promising contenders for the future large-scale electrical energy storage applications due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, intri...
A small tunable optically pumped far infrared laser

A small diameter CW FIR laser that can provide approximately 100 MHz spectrally pure tunability has been developed and studied both experimentally and theoretically (1). Operation of this laser at pressures significantly greater than the maximum allowed by previously accepted theory yields the large tunability. The new model includes additional high energy vibrational states and appropriate energy transfer mechanisms that fundamentally alter the behavior in the high pressure, high pump intensity regime. Although 13CH 3 F is used for both the experimental demonstration and the theoretical model, the concept is general and should apply to all diffusion deactivated FIR lasers.
Modeling of One-Ply and Two-Ply Twisted and Coiled Polymer Artificial Muscles

Twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) muscles are recently introduced thermal actuators that offer unprecedented performance. Merits such as low cost, high load capacity, and light weight make them suitable for robotics and biomechanics. Using these actuators for practical applications requires an understanding of their behavior in response to the electrical input. In this article, a physics-based model is proposed to predict the displacement of TCP muscles with respect to the input electrical energy and the applied load. We quantified effects of temperature on coefficients of thermal expansion and elastic modulus. It is found that the change of properties above the polymer glass transition temperature has a crucial effect on the actuator performance. A stiffness model is proposed, which include the effect of change in geometry and elastic modulus of TCP muscles. Finally, a set of equations for simulating the TCP muscles are formulated in discrete time representation. The model is generalized for the two-ply case by considering the difference in geometry. The accuracy of the model is tested in comparison with experimental data, acquired at several actuation levels and applied loads, for both one-ply and two-ply configurations. The model showed a good accuracy in predicting the behavior of the actuators both in temperature and displacement. Our model was also compared with other representative models and revealed improvement in the prediction accuracy.
Main Problems of Creating Energy-efficient Positioning Systems for Multipurpose Sea Vessels

The main problems of functioning of sea multi - purpose sea vessels in the modes of dynamic stabilization of the set geographical position are given in the work. The identified solutions are based on the proposal of modern automated control systems of ship power plants of multi-purpose ships, which provide significant dynamic energy reserve, high accuracy of ship stabilization with wide changes in external loads, versatility and ability to perform technological tasks for various purposes.
MANAGEMENT OF INTRAORAL SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

SUMMARY Intraoral salivary gland tumors form a complex and heterogenous group ranging from benignity to high-grade malignancy. Management of these lesions is determined by their extent, size, anatomic site, and histopathologic diagnosis. The growth patterns of individual lesions (whether benign or malignant) must be recognized and are an important factor in proper treatment. The division of intraoral salivary gland tumors into three broad histologic groups—benign, low-grade malignant, and high-grade malignant—offers a useful clinical guide for present and future investigation, surgical and adjuvant treatment, and follow-up. Surgery continues to be the primary treatment modality-
Sociability and interdependent self‐construal on consumer choice for group: A moderated mediation model

Article originally published in the Journal of Consumer Behaviour. English. Published online 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1930
Management of severe hyponatremia with low-dose continuous kidney replacement therapy and peripheral D5W in an infant with acute kidney injury

We report a 7-month-old female infant who presented with anuric acute kidney injury and severe hyponatremia (serum sodium 110 mEq/L). The patient was treated with low-dose continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT), that is, 85% of total clearance dose divided equally between normonatric (Na 140 mEq/L) replacement and dialysate fluids. The remaining 15% of the clearance was provided by peripheral infusion of dextrose 5% (D5W). The patient’s sodium was maintained between 119 mEq/L and 121 mEq/L for the first 24 hours of CKRT. Over the next 2 days, the rate of D5W infusion was slowly decreased while replacement and dialysis flow rates were proportionately increased. Serum sodium was normalised by day 2 of the therapy. The patient had no neurologic sequelae associated with this therapy.
Corporate Venture Capital, Big Data, and Privacy Regulation

Firms face a choice over the types of assets they own, especially complementary assets with specificity when making corporate venture capital (CVC) investments. As data has become an increasingly i...
Defending the self: the role of the relational-interdependent self-construal

Individuals with relational-interdependent self-construals define themselves based on their important relationships. This organization of the self-concept has implications for selfenhancement and self-protection. High relational should be motivated to maintain and strengthen important relationships. This motivation is a departure from typical selfenhancement research, which focuses on the motivation to emphasize one's own positive qualities. The purpose of this project was to examine how the relational self-construal is related to individuals' responses to threat. Study 1 examined the relational self-construal and a threat to the self. For high relational, some forms of self-enhancement, such as emphasizing individual traits and attributes, might conflict with motives to enhance important relationships. Participants learned that their partner (either a friend or a stranger) outperformed them on a test. It was hypothesized that high relational who were outperformed by a close friend would be less threatened by their poor performance than other participants. The results revealed that a threat to one's intelligence resulted in lower negative partner evaluations among high relational paired with a friend than among the other participants. Contrary to prediction, high relational who were outperformed by a friend also reported higher levels of negative affect than the other three groups. Study 2 examined the relational self-construal and a threat to a relationship. Threatening a relationship should be more a ver si ve to high relational than low relational because the relationship is more self-defining for individuals with high relational selfconstruals. Participants were induced to write a negative evaluation of their partner. It was hypothesized that high relational who wrote the negative evaluation about a close friend would feel more guilty and make a greater effort to repair the damage to the relationship than the other participants. The results revealed that partner enhancement was higher among high relational paired with a friend than the other three groups, suggesting that the former group was trying to repair the relationship more than the other groups. The results from both studies suggest that the relational self-construal plays an important role in behavior and
Adding Nanoparticles in Chemical Modification

While optimizing the functionalization process for electrodes with morphologically modified surface for improving detection sensitivity is important, sensitivity is not the only thing needing improvements in a biosensor. This chapter discusses the use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for improving the stability of enzymes (i.e., glucose oxidase) for the purpose of prolonging the functionality of glucose biosensors. It begins with a brief list of several common techniques for making GNPs with different sizes. It then discusses the effect of adding nanoparticles with different sizes in the functionalization process of electrodes with nanopillar-modified surface via the polypyrrole/GOx method. In elucidating the coupling characteristics of these nanoparticles with enzymes and conducting polymers, colloidal characterization in terms of zeta potential, UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopy and UV–Vis fluorescence spectroscopy are taken at various molecule–particle coupling stages. At the end, this chapter presents the sensing performances of electrodes with nanopillar-modified surface and functionalized with addition of nanoparticles over a time period up to 120 days.
Bullycide in American Schools: Forging a Comprehensive Legislative Solution

Eric Mohat, “brilliant and quirky,” had a tall and lanky frame that earned him the title “Twiggy” around school, but he did not mind the nickname. Despite Mohat’s affable demeanor, however, the seventeen-year-old Ohio student was persistently pelted with anti-gay slurs by his fellow classmates, often in front of teachers and school officials who did nothing to intervene. Mohat was targeted because he “may have looked effeminate, was in theater and would wear bright clothes.” On March 29, 2007, a bully said to Mohat, in front of other students, “Why don't you go home and shoot yourself? No one would miss you.” After returning home later that day, Mohat “took a legally registered gun from his father's bureau drawer, locked himself in his room and shot himself in the head.” Mohat’s parents have filed a lawsuit against the school in federal court—instead of seeking compensation they are asking the school to recognize Eric’s death as a “bullycide” and implement an anti-bullying program in the classroom. There is something of a bullycide epidemic brewing in Mohat’s hometown of Mentor, Ohio: five students in this small Cleveland suburb have killed themselves in the past two years. In the landmark decision Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court recognized education as “perhaps the most important function of state and local governments.” Half a century after Brown, with the establishment of the Department of Education as a cabinet-level agency and the emergence of a public school system that relies on federal funding, the federal government has also
PointMap: A Real-Time Memory-Based Learning System with On-line and Post-Training Pruning

A memory-based learning system called PointMap is a simple and computationally efficient extension of Condensed Nearest Neighbor that allows the user to limit the number of exemplars stored during incremental learning. PointMap evaluates the information value of coding nodes during training, and uses this index to prune uninformative nodes either on-line or after training. These pruning methods allow the user to control both a priori code size and sensitivity to detail in the training data, as well as to determine the code size necessary for accurate performance on a given data set. Coding and pruning computations are local in space, with only the nearest coded neighbor available for comparison with the input; and in time, with only the current input available during coding. Pruning helps solve common problems of traditional memory-based learning systems: large memory requirements, their accompanying slow on-line computations, and sensitivity to noise. PointMap copes with the curse of dimensionality by considering multiple nearest neighbors during testing without increasing the complexity of the training process or the stored code. The performance of PointMap is compared to that of a group of sixteen nearest-neighbor systems on benchmark problems.
Peri-implantitis: Periodontal and restorative implications

Dental implants are being increasingly used in dentistry. Millions of implants are being placed on a yearly basis around the world by dental surgeons. These implants support restorations ranging from a single crown to a denture. There are significant costs associated with implant supported restorations. The advent of peri-implant diseases threatens the survival and maintenance of implant supported restorations leading to significant impact on the sustainability of such restorations while affecting the patient's functionality. This review article discusses the current concepts, as well as the etiopathological and treatment considerations related to peri-implant diseases. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Peri-implant disease affects implants, the peri-implant tissues and implant supported restorations. This article is relevant to this journal as peri-implant disease and its management is detrimental to the practice of the various disciplines of dentistry including periodontics, prosthodontics, implant dentistry and restorative dentistry
Integrating and Delivering Sound Using Motion Capture and Multi-tiered Speaker Placement

Creating effective and compelling soundscapes for simulations is a challenging process that requires non-traditional tools and techniques outside the scope of standard production methods. In an immersive simulation, sound is at least as important as graphics; auditory cues can be heard from behind walls, around corners, and out of the line of sight. This paper describes a novel approach to interactive 3D sound design utilizing vision-based motion capture and multi-tiered, configurable loudspeaker delivery.
Redistribtion Through Taxation: An International Comparison

Income tax progressivity is studied using Generalized Entropy measures of inequality. Luxembourg Income Study data sets for ten countries are used for international comparative purposes and analysis. Progressivity indices are generated using the Generalized Entropy family as well as Atkinson measures. This is to test the robustness of our observation of tax progressivity in each country. We further our understanding by looking at pre-tax and post-tax measures of inequality based on gross household income and disposable household income, respectively. The decomposition property is shown to be desirable in order to enhance our view of true inequality and the implication of taxes. Thus decomposition based on quintile, family sizes, and number of earners is conducted. This has allowed an interpretation of results that could be attributed to any of the above characteristics and components which are free of such group characteristics.
Mining Big Data in Manufacturing: Requirement Analysis, Tools and Techniques

Data Mining has tremendous potential and usefulness in improving the effectiveness of decision-making in manufacturing. Tools and techniques of data mining can be intelligently applied from product design analysis to the product repair and maintenance. Vast amount of data in the form of documents (text), graphical formats (CAD-file), audio/video, numbers, figures and/or hypertext are available in any typical manufacturing system. Our ultimate goal is to develop data-driven methodologies to solve manufacturing problems using data mining techniques. As a precursor, based on a literature study, this paper investigates selective manufacturing areas to identify the requirements for applying data mining techniques in solving potential manufacturing problems. The reviewed manufacturing areas are: (i) the “Design Intent” retrieval process for the product design and manufacturing, (ii) selection of materials, (iii) performance evaluations of manufacturing process design and operation management, and (iv) product inspection, and after-sales services (repair and maintenance). Industrial efforts towards addressing “Big Data” issues have also been briefly narrated in this paper. Lastly, the paper discusses two important data–related issues that may affect any applications of the data mining tools and techniques — (i) uncertainty involved in data collection, and (ii) interoperability of data collected at different levels of an enterprise.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Investigation of different perspectives between developers and customers: Robotic vacuum cleaners

The literature on high-technology marketing frequently observes that the perspectives of managers in cutting-edge product development are often at odds with the perspectives of consumers, leading to products that do not fit into consumer values, force behavioral changes upon them, are difficult to use, or do not meet needs at all. A possible case-in-point is robotic vacuum cleaners (RVC) for home use. In 2001, their market introduction was accompanied by optimistic forecasts, but the pace of market penetration has been slow and over 10 years after their initial launch, RVC still only account for 4.1% of the vacuum cleaner market in 2012 in the United States. This paper investigates if there is a mismatch between product developers' perspectives and actual customer needs that can provide a possible explanation why RVCs are facing difficulties in expanding market share in the home cleaning device market. To do so, it uses fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) to capture and quantitatively model the perceptions of RVC developers and RVC customers. The developer model shows the causal links between product features and presumed product attractiveness; the customer model shows causal links between product features and perceived product desirability. The models are used to investigate how developers and customers value alternative product improvements and two what extent their perspectives are aligned. Results show that there are distinct gaps between both perspectives, causing product developers to favor product improvements with little pay-off for perceived product desirability.
Después de la verdad:: demandas para reparaciones en el Perú postcomisión de la verdad y reconciliación

este articulo plantea la idea de que las reparaciones juegan un papel critico: la autora comparte sus observaciones sobre como las agencias gubernamentales, las organizaciones no gubernamentales -ong- la sociedad civil y las asociaciones de victimas sobrevivientes de Peru luchan para la implementacion de reparaciones en la etapa que sigue al trabajo realizado por la Comision de la Verdad. Asi, se ofrece un analisis preliminar acerca de las suposiciones teoreticas sobre la justicia transicional. La autora explora si el hecho de dar testimonio ayuda en el proceso de recuperacion, y si con sus testimonios las victimas sobrevivientes hacen ciertas demandas al estado. La conclusion es que si bien el hecho de dar testimonio puede tener efectos de catarsis temporales, debe estar seguido de acciones concretas.
Distended Bladder Presenting with Altered Mental Status and Venous Obstruction

Background New onset or acute worsening of bilateral lower extremity swelling is commonly caused by venous congestion from decompensated heart failure, pulmonary disease, liver dysfunction, or kidney insufficiency. A thromboembolic event, lymphatic obstruction, or even external compression of venous flow can also be the culprit. Case Report We report the case of an 83-year-old male with a history of myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia, bipolar disorder, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. He presented with altered mental status and new onset lower extremity edema caused by acute bladder outflow obstruction. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed the patient9s distended bladder compressing bilateral external iliac veins. Conclusion Insertion of a Foley catheter resulted in several liters of urine output and marked improvement in his lower extremity edema and mental status a few hours later. Our extensive workup failed to reveal a cause of the patient9s acute change in mental status, and we attributed it to a concept known as cystocerebral syndrome.
Stroke Incidence Is Decreasing in Whites But Not in Blacks A Population-Based Estimate of Temporal Trends in Stroke Incidence From the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study

Background and Purpose— Although other studies (in largely white populations) have found that stroke incidence declined during the 1990s, we previously reported that stroke incidence in our population (18% of which was black) did not change during that decade and that incidence rates in blacks were significantly higher than in whites. We sought to update temporal trends in stroke incidence by adding new data obtained from our large, biracial population in 2005. The objective of this study was to examine temporal trends in stroke incidence and case-fatality within a large biracial population over time by comparing stroke incidence rates from 1993 to 1994, 1999, and 2005. Methods— Within the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky population of 1.3 million, all strokes among area residents were ascertained at all local hospitals during July 1993 to June 19/94 and calendar years 1999 and 2005. A sampling scheme was used to ascertain cases in the out-of-hospital setting. Only first-ever strokes were included in ...
Evidence for high-altitude haze thickening on the dark side of Venus from 10-micron heterodyne spectroscopy of CO2

Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy provides data for isolated spectral lines with a spectral resolution which is small compared to the Doppler width. Heterodyne spectroscopy of CO2 lines near 10 micrometers was first reported for the atmosphere of Venus by Betz et al. (1976). The present investigation is concerned with observations of two absorption lines of (C-12)(O-16)2 conducted with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer interfaced with a solar telescope. The 10.8598-micrometer P(44) line was observed on the day side of Venus and the 10.3337-micrometer R(8) line was observed on the night side. It is shown that continuous opacity due to haze, and possible departures from vibrational LTE in CO2, are crucial considerations in fitting the observed lines.
Adsorptive interaction of Ficoll standards with porous glass size-exclusion chromatography columns

Abstract Ficoll, a densely branched non-ionic polysaccharide, whose hydrodynamic properties resemble those expected for compact spheres, is an interesting material for fundamental studies of permeation in chromatographic and porous media. Calibrating porous glass size-exclusion chromatography columns with Ficoll, we found unexpected retention of this solute in salt solution, but normal behavior in nearly pure water (0.003 M, pH 7.0 sodium phosphate buffer). These chromatographic results, along with the findings of adsorption studies and viscometric measurements, can be best explained on the basis of sodium ion binding to Ficoll and consequent adsorption of the transient pseudo-polycation thus formed.
HOLDING CAPACITY OF INCLINED SQUARE PLATE ANCHORS IN CLAY

ABSTRACT Laboratory model test results for the holding capacity of inclined shallow square plate anchors in clay (ϕ = 0 concept) have been presented. The inclination of the anchor with respect to the horizontal was varied from zero to 90°. Based on the model study, an empirical relationship for estimating the ultimate holding capacity of the anchors has been presented.
“Squiggle-H2O”. An enquiry into the importance of solvation effects in phosphate ester and anhydride reactions

Current theories to account for the greater thermodynamic reactivity of “high energy” phosphate compounds compared to orthophosphate esters in terms of intramolecular properties are examined in the light of new data for the ionization of pyroand tripolyphosphoric acids, ADP, ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate and acetyl phosphate. The changes in ΔG0 for hydrolysis, as reactants and products undergo successive matching ionizations, are not compatible with electrostatic repulsion being a dominant factor: nor are the changes in ΔH0 in accord with the hypothesis that the P-O bond is weakened as the anhydride ion structure acquires a bigger negative charge. Calculations of solvation energies for the ortho-, pyro-, and tripolyphosphate ions show these intermolecular energy terms to be large in magnitude, with minimum values ranging from 76 to 643 kcal/mole depending on charge and structure. Differences between these quantities for reactant and product species therefore constitute a major factor contributing to the thermodynamic reactivity which might be masking even greater contributions from specific intramolecular properties than theoretical calculations have so far indicated. Of all solvents likely to participate in living systems only water gives rise to solvation energies large enough to stabilize multi-charged phosphate and phosphate anhydride ions in solution. Using these solvation energies, values have been calculated for the proton affinities of the various ions. Proton transfer from a C-H group is a very favorable reaction with ions having a doubly-charged anionic center. This finding has important implications with respect to enzyme reaction mechanisms and the transport of multi-charged anionic species through membranes. New values are also reported for the heats of hydrolysis of pyro- and tripoly-phosphate, and for S0 of the H2P2O2-7 and P3O5-10 ions. ΔG0 values for the hydrolysis reactions compared with those for ADP and ATP show an enhancement of the reactivity of the adenosine esters relative to their inorganic counterparts. An interesting consequence is that in going from AMP to ADP to ATP the ribose C-5 ester bond acquires “high energy” character, the hydrolysis of ATP yielding adenosine and tripolyphosphate having a ΔG0 value more like that for the fission of an anhydride bond.
Compliance with therapy in children with respiratory diseases.

Compliance with medical treatment was evaluated in 89 children and adolescents with respiratory diseases using two methods of assessment: a double blinded covert recording of the use of an air compressor for nebulization of drugs and the determination of theophylline levels in serum. In the covert monitoring of inhalation the overall compliance with the prescribed medication was 47.6%. In the open randomized theophylline trial, 56%–71% of the patients (according to uncontrolled or controlled intake of the drug) received a dosage of theophylline which was too low to achieve a sufficient serum level in the range of 10–20 mg/l. This, however, was also due to the fact that in 72% of the cases physicians prescribed doses which were substantially below the recommended amount of drug according to age and weight. It is, therefore, concluded that compliance of medication is based on the patients adherence to the medication, to the efficacy of the drug itself and the attitude of the physician.
Characterization of the Hox cluster from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae).

SUMMARY The Hox genes have been found to encode transcription factors, which specify the morphological identity of structures along the anteroposterior axis of animals ranging from worms to mice. The canonical set of nine genes is organized in a cluster in the genome of several protostomes and deuterostomes. However, within insects, whereas the Hox genes are organized in a single cluster in the beetle Tribolium castaneum, they are split into two separate groups in the flies Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis. The significance of a split Hox cluster is unknown and has been observed in only one organism outside the Drosophila lineage: the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have cloned a majority of the Hox genes from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and compared their genomic organization with that of Tribolium and Drosophila to determine if a split Hox cluster is found in dipterans aside from the Drosophilidae. We find that the Hox genes in Anopheles, as in Tribolium, are organized in a single cluster that spans a genomic region of at least 700 kb. This finding suggests that, within the insect genome, the partition of the Hox cluster may have evolved exclusively within the Drosophila lineage. The genomic structures of the resident genes, however, appear to be largely conserved between A. gambiae and D. melanogaster.
Preoperative Predictors of Postoperative Opioid Usage, Pain Scores, and Referral to a Pain Management Service in Total Knee Arthroplasty:

Background Little is known about preoperative predictors of postoperative pain and referral to a recuperative pain management service after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
The amastigote forms of Leishmania are experts at exploiting host cell processes to establish infection and persist.

Abstract Leishmania are dimorphic protozoan parasites that live as flagellated forms in the gut of their sandfly vector and as aflagellated forms in their mammalian hosts. Although both parasite forms can infect macrophages and dendritic cells, they elicit distinct responses from mammalian cells. Amastigotes are the parasites forms that persist in the infected host; they infect cells recruited to lesions and disseminate the infection to secondary sites. In this review I discuss studies that have investigated the mechanisms that Leishmania amastigotes employ to harness the host cell’s response to infection. It should be acknowledged that our understanding of the mechanisms deployed by Leishmania amastigotes to modulate the host cell’s response to infection is still rudimentary. Nonetheless, the results show that amastigote interactions with mammalian cells promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β while suppressing the production of IL-12, superoxide and nitric oxide. An underlying issue that is considered is how these parasites that reside in sequestered vacuolar compartments target host cell processes in the cytosol or the nucleus; does this occur through the release of parasite molecules from parasitophorous vacuoles or by engaging and sustaining signalling pathways throughout the course of infection?
Generalized Theory Of Electroreflectance With Applications To Materials Characterization

A systematic study of the electrolyte electroreflectance lineshape in semiconducting alloys rich in defects has shown the necessity of generalizing the theory to include effects resulting from the interaction of the modulating electric field with local lattice instabilities and with polarizable charged defects. This generalization permits one to understand and use fully lineshapes previously considered pathological and incomprehensible. It has extended considerably the usefulness of electroreflectance and now provides detailed information on the role of specific defects such as stacking faults or antisites in the behavior of materials in device structures. This is particularly attractive, given the simplicity of the technique.
Age-related differences in volumes of subcortical nuclei, brain matter, and cerebrospinal fluid in healthy men as measured with magnetic resonance imaging

• Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the volumes of brain, subcortical gray matter nuclei, and the ventricular and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid in 27 healthy men. Subjects were divided into young ( 60 years, n= 17) groups. Volumes were normalized as percent intracranial volume. Older subjects had significantly less brain mass and significantly larger ventricular and peripheral cerebrospinal fluid volumes than the younger men. The caudate and lenticular nuclei were significantly smaller in older than younger men. This significant difference remained when their volumes were expressed as a ratio of cerebral brain matter volume. This cross-sectional study demonstrates age-related atrophy and concurrent dilation of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in healthy subjects. Of brain regions affected, the caudate and lenticular nuclei are significantly more affected by healthy aging than is cerebral brain matter; this may account for some of the motor abnormalities in aging.