cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
pO2 changes during analysis of chicken arterial blood

Abstract 1. 1. Duplicate measurements 2·5 min apart were used to study changes in pO2 of chicken arterial blood samples immediately following withdrawal. 2. 2. The second pO2 reading was 3 per cent lower than the first in the range of 90–120 mm Hg. 3. 3. The change was less than 1 per cent in the pO2 range of 50–89·9 mm Hg. 4. 4. The reduction in pO2—less than 1 mm Hg/min in the pO2 range expected for chickens breathing air—probably resulted from O2 consumption of blood cells but would not result in serious errors if the analysis is completed with 2–3 min after blood withdrawal.
Duplicated filum terminale in the absence of split cord malformation: a potential cause of failed detethering procedures.

Introduction A duplicated filum terminale appears to be a rare finding in the absence of a split cord malformation. Herein, we discuss this finding and its potential dysembryology.
The effect of uterine stretch on first trimester abortions induced by extraovular prostaglandin impact.

Abstract In 20 obstetrically normal 1st trimester pregnant volunteers abortion had been induced successfully in 19, by Prostaglandin-Impact (PGI) technique (1). A total average dose of 12.3±0.9 mg PG F2α, delivered into the extraovular (E.O.) space, reduced the plasma P levels from an initial value of 29.4±2.5 ng/ml to 12.8±1.6 ng/ml (P Of the 20 gravidas, 10 only received PGI (Control Group), while the remaining 10 were exposed to uterine stretch, in addition to PGI (Experimental Group). Stretch had been accomplished by a “stretch balloon” filled with 200 ml saline. Comparing the Control and Experimental Groups revealed that stretch shortens the IAT and improves the AbS. This effect is very probably achieved through a stretch induced increase in the endogenous PG-synthesis of the uterus (1). This preliminary finding exposes the possibility, that pregnancy termination can be promoted by an increased involvement of endogenous PGs in the activation of the myometrium, provoked through stretch. The validity of this premise is under current examination.
New aromatic systems having a fused thiazolium ring

The method developed for the synthesis of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium salts has been extended to the first synthesis of simple thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium, thiazolo[3,2-a]-pyrazinium and thiazolo[2, 3-b]benzo[d]thiazolium salts. No method could be found for the cyclization of 4′-bromo-2-(2-benzoxazolylthio)acetophenone to the thiazolo[2,3-b]-benzoxazolium system.
Digit span performance and unilateral neglect

This study tested the alternative hypotheses of Weinberg et al. (J. clin. Psychol. 28, 361, 1976) and Robertson (Neuropsychologia 28, 217-222, 1990) regarding the nature of dysfunctions underlying impaired backward digit span among patients with unilateral neglect. Results support the Weinberg et al. hypothesis that visual imagery plays a primary role in performance of Digits Backward. The findings also indicate a unilateral component to the Digits Backward task. Both neglecting and non-neglecting patients with high digit span discrepancy (DD) evidenced attentional bias to right space and a specific impairment in rotating objects in left space. Results were not consistent with Robertson's hypothesis that high DD arises from a general attentional deficit. In fact, patients with low DD evidence greatest impairment on tests of attention.
Problems for Temporary Existence in Tense Logic

A-theorists of time postulate a deep distinction between the present, past and future. Settling on an appropriate logic for such a view is no easy matter. This Philosophy Compass article describes one of the most vexing formal problems facing A-theorists. It is commonly thought that A-theories can only be formally expressed in a tense logic: a logic with operators like P (“it was the case that”) and F (“it will be the case that”). And it seems natural to think that we live in a world where objects come to exist and cease to exist as time passes. Indeed, this is typically a key component of the most prominent kind of A-theory, presentism. But the temporary existence assumption cannot be upheld in any tense logic with a standard quantification theory. I will explain the problem and outline the philosophical and logical considerations that generate it. I will then consider two possible solutions to the problem – one that targets our logic of quantification and one that targets our assumptions about change. I survey the costs of each solution.
On the determination of spherical nanoindentation stress-strain curves

Instrumented nanoindentation experiments, especially with sharp tips, are a well-established technique to measure the hardness and moduli values of a wide range of materials. However, and despite the fact that they can accurately delineate the onset of the elasto-plastic transition of solids, spherical nanoindentation experiments are less common. In this article we propose a technique in which we combine (i) the results of continuous stiffness measurements with spherical indenters–with radii of 1 μm and/or 13.5 μm, (ii) Hertzian theory, and (iii) Berkovich nanoindentations, to convert load/depth of indentation curves to their corresponding indentation stress–strain curves. We applied the technique to fused silica, aluminum, iron and single crystals of sapphire and ZnO. In all cases, the resulting indentation stress–strain curves obtained clearly showed the details of the elastic-to-plastic transition (i.e., the onset of yield, and, as important, the steady state hardness values that were comparable with the Vickers microhardness values obtained on the same surfaces). Furthermore, when both the 1 μm and 13.5 μm indenters were used on the same material, for the most part, the indentation stress–strain curves traced one trajectory. The method is versatile and can be used over a large range of moduli and hardness values.
On the Outs: Learning Styles, Resistance to Change, and Teacher Retention

This study examined the relationship between learning style, level of resistance to change, and teacher retention in schools implementing an intensive schoolwide technology and media integration model. Researchers found that teachers with ST (sensing-thinking) and SF (sensing-feeling) learning style preferences, as described by the MyersBriggs Type Inventory, had higher levels of resistance to change. Teachers with the ST learning style were also three times more likely to leave their schools, compared to teachers with other learning style preferences. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. In particular, teachers with the ST learning style preference may require additional support to enable them to adapt to changes within the dynamic environment of a school undergoing an intensive technology reform effort.
Speech - a possible indicator of physical stress

Summary form only given, as follows. In the recent years, considerable effort has been expended in determining a quantitative measure of fatigue, and various attempts to correlate psycilological measures with fatigue have not been successful. In this paper, a positive correlation between quantitative characteristics of speech data and fatigue measures is shown to exist. Since both the motor and speech actions of the human brain are directly affected by physical fatigue, although varying from person to person, a voice technique is shown to be the most natural and personalized method to measure fatigue.
Metaphors to cure by: Tojolab’al Maya midwifery and cognition

The southern Mexican state of Chiapas has the highest concentration of indigenous peoples in Mexico and ranks first among all states for the percentage of births attended by nurses or midwives. Eff...
Interactions between sarco-endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in cardiac and skeletal muscle – pivotal roles in Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling

Mitochondria are strategically and dynamically positioned in the cell to spatially coordinate ATP production with energy needs and to allow the local exchange of material with other organelles. Interactions of mitochondria with the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) have been receiving much attention owing to emerging evidence on the role these sites have in cell signaling, dynamics and biosynthetic pathways. One of the most important physiological and pathophysiological paradigms for SR/ER-mitochondria interactions is in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The contractile activity of these tissues has to be matched by mitochondrial ATP generation that is achieved, at least in part, by propagation of Ca(2+) signals from SR to mitochondria. However, the muscle has a highly ordered structure, providing only limited opportunity for mitochondrial dynamics and interorganellar interactions. This Commentary focuses on the latest advances in the structure, function and disease relevance of the communication between SR/ER and mitochondria in muscle. In particular, we discuss the recent demonstration of SR/ER-mitochondria tethers that are formed by multiple proteins, and local Ca(2+) transfer between SR/ER and mitochondria.
Optimization of Sandwich Beams for Concentrated Loads

The optimization of sandwich structures for stiffness has been considered by a number of authors, but the optimization for strength, and particularly under concentrated loading, appears to be much less well understood. Part of the difficulty is that simplified structural theories, such as classical or first order shear deformation theory, do not give sufficient accuracy under concentrated loading. In the present work, an elasticity solution is employed that agrees well with both finite element and experimental strain gage readings. It is shown that strength values from three point bend test experiments on sandwich beams with polyurethane foam cores and carbon/epoxy faces can be successfully interpreted. An algorithm is then developed that gives the optimum design of sandwich structures for strength to weight under concentrated loading.
The dynamic human immune response to cancer: it might just be rocket science.

The immune-mediated eradication of cancer is made difficult both by immunosuppressive changes that occur within the tumor micro- environment as well as by systemic effects that lead to chronic inflammation and immunologic exhaustion. At present, the temporal dynamics and interconnectivity of these local and systemic impediments to antitumor immunity are poorly understood. Over the past several years, our laboratory has identified methods to concep - tualize and study the complex immunobiologic interactions driving the balance between toler- ance and immune activation over time in can- cer patients. We have recognized that dynamic immune responses in cancer may mirror natural self-organizing processes, such as species disper- sal into new ecological environments (1) and suburban sprawl (2) and, as such, are amenable to hypothesis testing and data-driven predictive modeling. In the following sections, we describe our approach to understanding alterations in immunity that occur as a result of the malig- nancy, as well as challenges posed by animal models to study this phenomenon. We show that tumor-induced immune modulation facilitates metastases and how comparative models for tol- erance may help us better understand this pro- cess. Finally, we discuss a method for discovery of immune biorhythms and predictive modeling of immune responses developed with the help of aerospace engineers. With our multidisciplinary approach, we are developing methods of dynamic immune network recognition that embrace the complexities of tumor/immune interactions with the goal of real-time, individualized, curative immunotherapy for cancer patients. Many immunotherapeutic strategies have been investigated in the treatment of advanced malignancies, including our laboratory's primary
A customer-oriented test-estimation test

In this paper, a customer-oriented test, estimation test (COTET), is presented, which is an application of estimation theory into compact testing, to speed up error detection with optimized test quality in VLSI circuits. An algorithm is developed for customers to estimate and generate test parameters efficiently in COTET. Finally, the COTET will be evaluated by simulation to prove its efficiency. The results of the simulation will be given in presentation. >
Revisiting the Relationship between Educational Attainment and Political Sophistication

In politics, those who are politically sophisticated are advantaged in a variety of ways relative to those who are not. This paper analyzes the causes of political sophistication paying particular attention to the variable most commonly identified as the primary cause of differences within the mass public, educational attainment. Using panel data first collected before some respondents attended college, I show that there appears to be no significant effect of attending and graduating from college on political awareness. Differences in political sophistication evident after people attend college are already in place before anyone sets foot in a college classroom. Explaining political sophistication therefore requires attention to pre-adult causes. I elaborate an explanation and find that it accounts for a substantial portion of the spurious relationship between education and political sophistication.
Experimental and theoretical characterization of the voltage distribution generated by deep brain stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and shows great promise for numerous other disorders. While the fundamental purpose of DBS is to modulate neural activity with electric fields, little is known about the actual voltage distribution generated in the brain by DBS electrodes and as a result it is difficult to accurately predict which brain areas are directly affected by the stimulation. The goal of this study was to characterize the spatial and temporal characteristics of the voltage distribution generated by DBS electrodes. We experimentally recorded voltages around active DBS electrodes in either a saline bath or implanted in the brain of a non-human primate. Recordings were made during voltage-controlled and current-controlled stimulation. The experimental findings were compared to volume conductor electric field models of DBS parameterized to match the different experiments. Three factors directly affected the experimental and theoretical voltage measurements: 1) DBS electrode impedance, primarily dictated by a voltage drop at the electrode-electrolyte interface and the conductivity of the tissue medium, 2) capacitive modulation of the stimulus waveform, and 3) inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the tissue medium. While the voltage distribution does not directly predict the neural response to DBS, the results of this study do provide foundational building blocks for understanding the electrical parameters of DBS and characterizing its effects on the nervous system.
New and investigational treatments in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects approximately 1 in 3000 Caucasian births, or 30,000 individuals in the US and 70,000 worldwide. The discovery of the CF gene, isolation of the CFTR protein and understanding of molecular mechanisms behind the clinical expression of CF are being translated into newer treatments. Treatments for CF and its manifestations are discussed in this article including inhaled antibiotics, hydrator therapies, anti-inflammatory agents and protein modifiers. New and experimental treatments that are in development are also discussed. Outcomes for these treatments are forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) improvement, CF-related quality of life, use of intravenous antibiotics and frequency of exacerbations and hospitalizations.
Attenuation of aortic aneurysms with stem cells from different genders.

Abstract Background No medical therapies are yet available to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. This study sought to investigate the effect of different genders of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on AAA growth in a murine AAA model. Given the decreased rate of AAA in women, it is hypothesized that female MSC would attenuate AAA growth more so than male MSC. Materials and methods Aortas of 8–10-wk-old male C57Bl/6 mice were perfused with purified porcine pancreatic elastase to induce AAA formation. Bone marrow-derived MSC from male and female mice were dosed via tail vein injection (3 million cells per dose, 500 μL of volume per injection) on postaortic perfusion days 1, 3, and 5. Aortas were harvested after 14 d. Results Mean aortic dilation in the elastase group was 121 ± 5.2% (mean ± standard error of the mean), while male MSC inhibited AAA growth (87.8 ± 6.9%, P = 0.008) compared with that of elastase. Female MSC showed the most marked attenuation of AAA growth (75.2 ± 8.3% P = 0.0004). Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were only decreased in tissues treated with female MSC ( P = 0.017, P = 0.001, and P Conclusions These data exhibit that female MSC more strongly attenuate AAA growth in the murine model. Furthermore, female MSC and male MSC inhibit proinflammatory cytokines at varying levels. The effects of MSC on aortic tissue offer a promising insight into biologic therapies for future medical treatment of AAAs in humans.
Contextual risk and resiliency during late adolescence

The factors contributing to the mental health of a sample of 18-year-olds were analyzed in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The contribution of proximal variables such as parenting behavior, intermediate variables such as other family factors, and the more distal variables such as social class and minority status were all highly significant. Child variables were also found to make significant contributions to understanding mental health. When the sample was divided into three subsamples, white advantaged, white disadvantaged, and African American (almost entirely disadvantaged), the mental health of the African American sample was higher than that of the white disadvantaged sample. The regression coefficients fit to the whole sample underestimated the mental health of the African Americans and overestimated the health of the white disadvantaged. The parenting of the African American sample was less approving and more critical and more controlling than that of the other two samples. To investigate the correlates of resilience, pairs of subjects were contrasted who had the same mental health but differed in whether they exceeded or were less than the mental health predicted for them. None of the variables in the study differentiated significantly between the two groups.
Folks and professionals: different models for the interpretation of drug use.

(1985). Folks and Professionals: Different Models for the Interpretation of Drug Use. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 173-182.
CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Update 2007

Screening is the pursuit of the early diagnosis of cancer before symptoms occur. The purpose of early diagnosis istoprovideearlytreatment,whichpotentiallyprevents death from the cancer. The usefulness of screening depends on how early the cancer can be diagnosed and how many deaths can be prevented by early treatment as compared with later symptom-prompted diagnosis and treatment. The goal of the Early Lung Cancer Action Project investigators was to develop an efficient methodology that would provide an ever-accumulating, continually updated body of evidence for evaluation of emerging new technologiesforscreeningforcancer.Thismethodology recognizes that screening is a sequential process that starts with the pursuit of the early diagnosis of cancer followed by early treatment. It also recognizes that diagnosticresearchisfundamentallydifferentfromtreatment research. To fully understand the current discussions on the evidence for lung cancer screening, key definitions are provided, including the differentiation between the first, baseline round of screening and all subsequent rounds of repeat screening and baseline and repeat cancers and their distribution by cell type. These definitions are critical in analyzing the results of various screening reports as they are not used by all. To provide optimal screening, a regimen for the diagnostic workup must be specified starting with the definition of the initial test, its positive result, and the workup for a positive result leading to a diagnosis of cancer. Assessment of diagnostic performance does not require a control group, but does require confirmation of the diagnosis. Forassessmentoftheeffectivenessofearlytreatment, a comparison group is needed. The comparison group may be formed by randomly assigning people with screen-diagnosed lung cancer to immediate or delayed treatment, as has been done for prostate cancer. This provides a direct assessment of any potential overdiagnosis of the cancer resulting from screening. Alternatively, a quasiexperimental control group can be used
Interdisciplinary Team Coordination in Abuse Cases

A number of different helping professionals are typically involved with the child-abusive family. As we saw in Chapter 1, the manner in which a parent is first identified as abusive and enters the social or child welfare “system” is usually multidisciplinary in nature: physicians or other medical staff often make the initial judgment that an injury is nonaccidental, welfare caseworkers investigate the family, judicial personnel evaluate child welfare needs and make decisions related to the child’s safety, and mental health professionals (including psychologists, social workers, and family counselors) provide ongoing treatment to the family. Even after the family’s identification and entry into the intervention system, other consultations take place among the various professionals involved with the case: courts periodically have hearings to review information about the family’s intervention and overall progress in reducing conditions of risk to the child; caseworkers need information from the therapist regarding the family’s progress in treatment; physicians may be called upon to evaluate the child’s physical condition from time to time; and specialized social service resources for the family may need to be obtained (such as child care, public assistance, and employment assistance).
Sustainability Is the Answer, Now What Was the Question?

Explanations for our inability to control the destructive impacts of human activities tend to focus a narrative of power — too many powerful actors are making too much money from business as usual and thus use their power to prevent change. Under this framing, law might be an agent for change — a way to blunt raw economic power through democratic mechanisms. And, indeed, this equalizing role of law is often celebrated as a tool for advancing sustainability. But, law’s ability to limit or shape the array of possible private choices is a double-edged sword. It just as readily limits our ability to imagine alternatives to the choices currently being made. While law and legal systems can, in theory, play the role of change agent, law can also cloak the status quo in a sense of inevitability. Most law, including environmental law, rests on an economic pre-commitment to dividing the natural world into discrete, ownable ‘resources’ available for exploitation. Law’s presumed neutrality, and its a priori nature are mustered to support this pre-commitment as though it were a universally-accepted, quasi-scientific truth about the purpose of legal systems. Yet, that characterization of our world is in fact a fraught, highly-contested value choice. By obscuring this starting point, law can be used to paint the existing array of choices as the only possible choices. Sustainability must therefore tailor itself to what already exists. The purpose of law dwindles to promoting a smoothly functioning market, rather than promoting justice or ensuring sustainability. It is then a small step to concluding that things have to be more or less the way they are. But, we can reclaim law’s transformative power. Law can aspire to much more than merely oiling the proverbial machine. Law creates the structure, the frame, within which private activity takes place, while at the same time law is shaped by those private activities. This reflexive nature means that law as an institution is uniquely situated to both shape and respond to the challenges of sustainability.
An interactive ontology-driven information system for simulating background radiation and generating scenarios for testing special nuclear materials detection algorithms

This paper describes an original approach to generate scenarios for the purpose of testing the algorithms used to detect special nuclear materials (SNM) that incorporates the use of ontologies. Separating the signal of SNM from the background requires sophisticated algorithms. To assist in developing such algorithms, there is a need for scenarios that capture a very wide range of variables affecting the detection process, depending on the type of detector being used. To provide such a capability, we developed an ontology-driven information system (ODIS) for generating scenarios that can be used for testing of algorithms for SNM detection. The Ontology-Driven Scenario Generator (ODSG) is an ODIS based on information supplied by subject matter experts and other documentation. The details of the creation of the ontology, the development of the ontology-driven information system, and the design of the web user interface (UI) are presented along with specific examples of scenarios generated using the ODSG. We demonstrate that the paradigm behind the ODSG is capable of addressing the problem of semantic complexity at both the user and developer levels. Compared to traditional approaches, an ODIS provides benefits such as faithful representation of the users? domain conceptualization, simplified management of very large and semantically diverse datasets, and the ability to handle frequent changes to the application and the UI. The approach makes possible the generation of a much larger number of specific scenarios based on limited user-supplied information.
Clinical Mastery in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain

Myofascial pain can be a singular entity within a muscle or groups of muscle, but it can also be a factor in disturbed joint function. At the same time, the corollary is also true. Namely, abnormal...
Sorting it out: What JNC 8 is and what it is not

The landscape for hypertension guideline development and dissemination has changed. The intense debate surrounding the recent JNC 8 publication obscures the value this guideline offers to providers managing hypertension. Recommendations published by the panel appointed to JNC 8, when interpreted and applied as intended, can indeed guide hypertension management. The purpose of this commentary is to pare down what the JNC 8 publication is and what is not, so as to transcend the controversy and foster application of these guidelines to clinical practice.
Polycationic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Comparing ARGET ATRP and UV-Initiated Formulations

In this work, we develop and evaluate polycationic nanoparticles for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Delivery remains a major challenge for translating siRNA to the clinic, and overcoming the delivery challenge requires effective siRNA delivery vehicles that meet the demands of the specific delivery strategy. Cross-linked polycationic nanoparticle formulations were synthesized using ARGET ATRP or UV-initiated polymerization. The one-step, one-pot, surfactant-stabilized monomer-in-water synthesis technique may provide a simpler and faster alternative to complicated, multistep techniques and an alternative to methods that rely on toxic organic solvents. The polymer nanoparticles were synthesized using the cationic monomer 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, the hydrophobic monomer tert-butyl methacrylate to tune pH responsiveness, the hydrophilic monomer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate to improve biocompatibility, and cross-linking agent tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate to enhance colloidal stability. Four formulations were evaluated for their suitability as siRNA delivery vehicles in vitro with the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T or the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The polycationic nanoparticles demonstrated efficient and rapid loading of the anionic siRNA following complexation. Confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry analysis of cells treated with polycationic nanoparticles loaded with fluorescently labeled siRNA demonstrated that the polycationic nanoparticles promoted cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Knockdown experiments using polycationic nanoparticles to deliver siRNA demonstrated evidence of knockdown, thus demonstrating potential as an alternative route to creating polycationic nanoparticles.
Is intercessory prayer valid nursing intervention

Is the use of intercessory prayer (IP) in modern nursing a valid practice? As discussed in current healthcare literature, IP is controversial, with authors offering support for and against the efficacy of the practice. This article reviews IP literature and research, concluding IP is a valid intervention for Christian nurses.
DESIGNING TIME INVARIANT REPETITIVE CONTROLLERS USING FREQUENCY RAISING OF PERIODIC COEFFICIENT PROJECTION ALGORITHM

Many control systems are subject to periodic disturbances. Spacecraft isolation mounts for fine pointing equipment, attempt to isolate from vibrations caused by imbalance in three or four reaction wheels or control moment gyros. Repetitive control (RC) is a type of control that specifically targets the frequencies of a disturbance aiming to achieve zero error in its presence. Typical approaches have difficulty with stability robustness to model errors at high frequency, and are difficult to use with multiple unrelated frequencies. The Matched Basis Function Repetitive Control (MBFRC) developed here specifically addresses both difficulties. It uses the projection algorithm from adaptive control to determine the error frequency components of interest. This results in linear equations with periodic coefficients. By using the frequency raising method, it is shown that there is an equivalent linear time invariant transfer function model for the repetitive control law. This process designs pole-zero configurations for RC compensators that would be very hard to create by other means.
A Robotic Method for Creating Radiation Maps Using Mercuric Iodide Sensor

In this paper we describe the development of a robotic system that uses Mercuric Iodide (HgI2) sensors to create a map of radiation intensity in the environment. The sensors are mounted at the end-effector of a PUMA 560 manipulator. Data from these sensors is used to compute the radiation intensity. A control system is developed that moves the end-effector along constant intensity contours. The experiments use light sources (instead of radiation sources) and demonstrate the efficacy of such a system to create radiation maps.
Insulin regulation of pyruvate kinase activity in cultured rat hepatocytes, in the presence of vasopressin, ionophore A23187 or 4β-phorbol 12β-myristate 13α-acetate

The short-term interactions of insulin and vasopressin on pyruvate kinase (PK) activity were studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. (1) Vasopressin inhibited PK activity by approx. 30% within 15 s, but activity returned to control values by 5 min. The transient inhibition by vasopressin was mimicked by either 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) or ionophore A23187. (2) Insulin alone transiently inhibited PK activity at 1 min, but stimulated PK activity at 5 and 15 min. (3) Insulin completely antagonized the early inhibition by vasopressin, PMA or A23187 of PK activity at 15 s. (4) Insulin inhibited PK activity in the presence of vasopressin, PMA or A23187 at 5 min. (5) 8-Bromo cyclic AMP inhibited PK activity within 15 s, and this inhibition was maintained for at least 5 min. Insulin did not antagonized the inhibition by the cyclic AMP analogue. These results show that insulin under appropriate conditions can act as an inhibitor or activator of PK.
Areas of Decreased Parenchymal Attenuation Associated with Bronchiectasis: Correlation between Severity and Extent of Bronchiectasis on HRCT with Pulmonary Function Test

Purpose: To determine the correlation between areas of decreased parenchymal attenuation seen in cases of bronchiectasis, and the severity and extent of the condition, as revealed by HRCT and the plmonary function test (PFT). Materials and Methods: The findings of forty-five patients with bronchiectasis who had undergone PFT and HRCT were retrospectively analysed. CT scores were calculated according to the severity and extent of the condition, and areas of low attenuation, and the correlation coefficients between these were determined. Bronchiectasis was classified as either cylindrical or cystic, and using Student’s t test, the statistical significance of the results of the PFT were determined. Results: The severity and extent of bronchiectasis correlated with the extent of areas of low attenuation (r > .45, p .44, p
Efficacy of Fluvoxamine and Clomipramine in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Objective To discuss the efficacy and adverse reactions of fluvoxamine and clomipramine in the treatment of obses-sive-compulsive disorder.Methods 84 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were randomly divided into two groups,42 patients in the observation group(to be treated for fluvoxamine),and 42 patients in the control group(to be treated for clomipramine),who were treat-ed for 8 weeks.Before the treatment and 2,4,6,8 over the weekend,Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)was used to eval-uate the efficacy,adverse reactions,treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS)was used to evaluate the adverse reactions.Results The dif-ference of pre-treatment Y-BOCS score in the two groups was not statistically significant(P 0.05);from the treatment of the first two week-ends Y-BOCS score in the two groups decreased significantly than before(P 0.01),over the same period there was no significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05);treatment for 8 week the efficiency was 69.05% in the observation group and 66.67% in the control group,with no significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05);the treatment group had fewer adverse reactions than in the control group.Conclusion Fluvoxamine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder has the advantages of significant efficacy,fewer adverse reactions,good compliance,which is a safe,effective,and ideal drug for short-term treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Follicular Hyperplasia in the Prelymphomatous Avian Bursa: Relationship to the Incidence of B-Cell Lymphomas

The bursa of Fabricius is the site of primary tumor development in chickens susceptible to avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced B-cell lymphomas. These lymphomas first appear from 8 to 12 weeks after virus infection and eventually metastasize to the spleen, liver and kidneys, resulting in death of the animal (Purchase and Burmester, 1978). The tumor cells are characterized by both cytoplasmic and cell surface immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype (Cooper et al., 1974).
Communication and Job Stress in a Health Organization

(1984). Communication and Job Stress in a Health Organization. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 779-797.
Professional participation in digital curation

Abstract Digital curation is being recognized as a new domain that demands its own skills and expertise. The perceived or occurring professionalization of digital curation calls for a deeper analysis of what it means to do digital curation. Drawing on the findings of an online survey of professionals, who identify themselves as digital curators, this research offers insight into who digital curators are, what they do, and how they describe their skills and the relevance of these skills to their jobs. Having synthesized definitions of digital curation and profiles of digital curators, the study distinguishes between top-down and bottom-up professionalization and identifies similarities and differences between them. While the top-down, agenda driven approach offers coherence and consistency for digital curation as a profession, the bottom-up, practitioners-driven approach thrives on inclusiveness and heterogeneity. The study concludes by pointing out the lack of certain themes in the professional discourses, such as the themes of user communities, open access, and advocacy.
Developmental Programming and the Epigenome

The environment experienced early in life is a determinant of disease risk later in life. Research has shown that nutritional status, exposure to stress, and exposure to certain environmental contaminants during fetal development have profound effects on the risk of obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, type II diabetes, osteoporosis, reproductive disorders, neuropsychiatric disease, allergy, autoimmune disease, and certain types of cancers later in life. During critical periods of development, an organism may be particularly malleable to environmental influences. This hypothesis is commonly referred as developmental programming. Emerging evidence from the field of epigenetics offers a compelling mechanistic explanation for developmental programming. For example, although the DNA sequence is the same in all cells of an organism, histone modifications and DNA methylation determine cell type specificity by deactivating particular regions of the genome. These epigenetic patterns are established de novo during critical developmental stages. There is now compelling evidence from animal model research linking perturbation of the epigenome via endocrine disruption, exposure to stress, and nutritional status to disease risk later in life.
Randall Sakai: A behavioral neuroscientist and neuroendocrinologist

As a behavioral neuroscientist and neuroendocrinologist, Randall Sakai appreciated the extensive and complex interactions between the brain and the body as exemplified by his seminal studies on the regulation of salt appetite and the brain and body effects in the Visible Burrow System. He applied state-of-the-art methods to probe underlying mechanisms. Randall's view of science will live on in the influence he had on his many colleagues who were also his friends!
The Methylation-Sensitive Enhancer Derare Maintains Hematopoietic Stem Cells through Regulation of Hoxb Cluster

The balance between self-renewal and multilineage differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is orchestrated by genetic regulatory networks, which are constituted by hundreds of thousands of cis-regulatory elements, such as promoters, enhancers, insulators, etc. Aberrant mutations in these cis-acting modules and their trans-acting factors have been frequently found in hematopoietic malignancies including leukemia. Although next-generation sequencing technologies have identified comprehensive maps of these modules, much remains unknown about their physiological functions and underlying mechanisms in HSC maintenance and leukemogenesis. Our transcriptome analysis in 17 murine hematopoietic cell types, including HSCs, committed progenitors and lineage cells, showed that most of HoxB cluster genes were predominantly enriched in the permanently reconstituting long-term (LT) HSCs. Interestingly, one of the two putative enhancers within HoxB cluster, identified by H3K27ac ChIP-Seq analysis, shared the same sequence as the retinoic acid responsive element DERARE, which was recently reported to regulate multiple HoxB gene expression in the central nervous system. To test whether DERARE is required for normal hematopoiesis, we utilized the DERARE knockout mouse and found that homozygous deletion of DERARE led to 2-fold reduction in both the frequency and absolute number of LT-HSCs. Functionally, limiting dilution, competitive repopulating unit assays showed a 2.5-fold decrease in functional HSCs of DERAREΔ mice compared to wildtype control. We further performed serial transplantation and observed a 4.3-fold reduction of repopulation rate after secondary transplantation of DERAREΔ HSCs, indicating long-term reconstitution capacity was impaired. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq in LT-HSCs from DERAREΔ mice exhibited significantly enriched apoptosis pathway in DERAREΔ compared with that from Wt control. Furthermore, DNA methylation analysis showed gradually gained methylation on DERARE during HSC differentiation, which is negatively correlated with HoxB cluster gene expression, suggesting DERARE might be a methylation-sensitive enhancer to control HoxB genes. Moreover, HoxB gene expression is markedly upregulated in Dnmt3a KO HSCs, indicating that Dnmt3a is responsible for the DERARE methylation in HSCs. Finally, the analysis of clinical data from acute myeloid leukemia 200 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas project revealed that lowly methylated DERARE was significantly correlated with overexpression of HoxB genes, high cytogenetic risk, and poor prognosis, suggesting abnormal regulation of DERARE contributes to leukemogenesis. Collectively, our study demonstrates the essential roles of the cis-regulatory element DERARE in both maintenance of LT-HSCs and contribution to leukemogenesis through regulation of HoxB cluster genes. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia

Abstract Groundwater/surface-water exchanges in streams are inexorably linked to adjacent aquifer dynamics. As surface-water temperatures continue to increase with climate warming, refugia created by groundwater connectivity is expected to enable cold water fish species to survive. The shallow alluvial aquifers that source groundwater seepage to headwater streams, however, may also be sensitive to seasonal and long-term air temperature dynamics. Depth to bedrock can directly influence shallow aquifer flow and thermal sensitivity, but is typically ill-defined along the stream corridor in steep mountain catchments. We employ rapid, cost-effective passive seismic measurements to evaluate the variable thickness of the shallow colluvial and alluvial aquifer sediments along a headwater stream supporting cold water-dependent brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) in Shenandoah National Park, VA, USA. Using a mean depth to bedrock of 2.6 m, numerical models predicted strong sensitivity of shallow aquifer temperature to the downward propagation of surface heat. The annual temperature dynamics (annual signal amplitude attenuation and phase shift) of potential seepage sourced from the shallow modeled aquifer were compared to several years of paired observed stream and air temperature records. Annual stream water temperature patterns were found to lag local air temperature by ∼8–19 d along the stream corridor, indicating that thermal exchange between the stream and shallow groundwater is spatially variable. Locations with greater annual signal phase lag were also associated with locally increased amplitude attenuation, further suggestion of year-round buffering of channel water temperature by groundwater seepage. Numerical models of shallow groundwater temperature that incorporate regional expected climate warming trends indicate that the summer cooling capacity of this groundwater seepage will be reduced over time, and lower-elevation stream sections may no longer serve as larger-scale climate refugia for cold water fish species, even with strong groundwater discharge.
Targeting the PI3K signaling cascade in PIK3CA mutated endometrial cancer in a primary human xenograft model.

e13564 Background: Alterations in the PI3K pathway are highly prevalent in endometrial cancer due to PIK3CA mutation and loss of PTEN. Given these data, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of t...
Activity of sorafenib in radiation-associated breast angiosarcomas harboring MYC and FLT4 amplifications.

10019 Background: Angiosarcomas (ASs) are rare, aggressive vascular malignancies of endothelial cell differentiation which arise de novo or secondary to radiation therapy (RAS.) A subset of patients(pts) with AS harbor mutations in KDR (VEGFR-2) or overexpression of MYC and/or FLT4(VEGFR-3). MYC & FLT4 gene amplifications occur almost exclusively in RAS. These alterations provide a rationale for investigating agents that target angiogenesis in RAS. In a phase II trial of sorafenib, AS pts had a partial response (PR) of 14%; targeting the appropriate pt population may be essential. We hypothesize that co-amplification of MYC & FLT4 may be predictive of response to sorafenib. Methods: Using our institutional sarcoma database & data query system, we identified AS patients treated with sorafenib at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1992-2011. Molecular analysis performed on available tissue. With IRB approval, clinical information was collected. Results: We identified 10 women with RAS that recei...
Electrical and Optical Properties of LiNbO3/CaCu3Ti4O12 Heterostructures on Si

The role of ferroelectric LiNbO3 (LNB) in altering the frequency dependence of the capacitance of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films has been investigated. A cost effective spin coating deposition process was used to integrate the oxide heterostructures onto silicon substrates. This study showed that the frequency stability of the CCTO/LNB structure was much improved when the crystallization conditions and physical dimension of each layer were optimized. To integrate this structure with current silicon technology, heterostructures of CCTO and LNB thin films were fabricated on HF terminated Si using chemical solution deposition. It was found that the order of deposition of the two layers was important for the structural quality of the heterostructures with the CCTO layer followed by the LNB layer being the preferred structure. In addition to improvement of the capacitance variation with frequency, the heterostructures also provide a path to tuning the frequency of operation.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: classifications and prognostic factors.

Introduction Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD) represents idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head in pediatric population. Indications for treatment depend mostly on prognosis about femoral head sphericity and hip congruence at the end of growth. The aim of this review is to highline prognostic factors of LCPD. Methods Bibliographic search in PubMed allowed selection of 33 articles concerning prognostic factors and/or classification of LCPD. Conclusion Clinical factors of poor prognosis are overweight, female sex, age exceeding 6 years old, and lack of hip abduction. Radiologically, Herring's classification is consensual because of its high prognostic value and very good reproducibility. The other signs of femoral head "at-risk" and the assessment of the reduction in abduction of the femoral head in the acetabulum are also prognostic of late evolution. MRI seems to be a future tool in assessing the fate of hips in LCPD. It is likely that a better understanding of LCPD etiology would precise the prognosis of this disease.