cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immediate Effects of Intravenous Clomipramine on Sleep and Sleep-Related Secretion in Depressed Patients

An i.v. challenge dose of clomipramine (12.5 mg) was given to eight outpatients with major depression. The procedure facilitated the examination of all-night sleep and sleep-related neuroendocrine changes (cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin). In comparison to baseline saline nights, the patients experienced a profound suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep throughout the night with no rebound recovery in the second half of the night. Furthermore, REM-suppressing effects were noted on the following no-drug night. In contrast, little effect on delta wave sleep was found, except for increased consolidation of delta waves within stage 3 and 4 sleep. Delta sleep measures were significantly correlated with levels of cortisol and growth hormone.
Ticks and spotted fever group rickettsiae of southeastern Virginia

The incidence of tick-borne rickettsial disease in the southeastern United States has been rising steadily through the past decade, and the range expansions of tick species and tick-borne infectious agents, new and old, has resulted in an unprecedented mix of vectors and pathogens. The results of an ongoing 4-year surveillance project describe the relative abundance of questing tick populations in southeastern Virginia. Since 2009, more than 66,000 questing ticks of 7 species have been collected from vegetation in a variety of habitats, with Amblyomma americanum constituting over 95% of ticks collected. Other species represented included Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma maculatum, Ixodes affinis, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, and Ixodes brunneus. We found that 26.9–54.9% of A. americanum ticks tested were positive for Rickettsia amblyommii, a non-pathogenic symbiont of this tick species. We also found no evidence of R. rickettsii in D. variabilis ticks, although they did show low infection rates of R. montanensis (1.5–2.0%). Rickettsia parkeri and Candidatus R. andeanae were found in 41.8–55.7% and 0–1.5% A. maculatum ticks, respectively. The rate of R. parkeri in A. maculatum ticks is among the highest in the literature and has increased in the 2 years since R. parkeri and A. maculatum were first reported in southeastern Virginia. We conclude that tick populations in southeastern Virginia have recently undergone dramatic changes in species and abundance and that these populations support a variety of rickettsial agents with the potential for increased risk to human health.
Exploring the dorsal surface of the fingers for visuo-haptic sensory substitution

In this paper, a novel haptic interface is presented for exploring the dorsal surface of the finger phalanges as visuo-haptic sensory substitution modality. The constructional details of the proposed haptic glove are detailed along with two experiments that explore vibrotactile localization and spatio-temporal cue identification among users who are blind and sighted, but blind-folded. The use of the dorsal surface of the fingers ensures that there is no functional inconvenience to the fingers or the hand. The results of the experiments are promising and offer an effective means for delivering high intensity (bandwidth) visual data in auxiliary sensory channels when vision is deprived or overloaded.
A Late Eocene paleomagnetic pole for the Pacific plate

Abstract Seamount magnetic anomaly inversions as well as DSDP paleomagnetic and equatorial sediment facies data constrain a paleomagnetic pole for the Pacific plate of Late Eocene age. The location of the pole at 77.5°N, 21.2°E implies 12.5 ± 1.6° of apparent polar wander for the Pacific plate during the last 41 ± 5 m.y. The Late Eocene pole is significantly different from the Pacific Maastrichtian pole at the 95% confidence level and indicates 7.2° of apparent polar motion of the Pacific between 69 and 41 m.y. B.P. The data source locations for the Late Eocene pole are scattered over a large area of the North Pacific and thus the consistency of the data supports the hypothesis that the north central Pacific plate has been rigid since the Eocene. The agreement of the Late Eocene pole with the motion predicted for the Pacific from hotspot models suggests that relative motion between the spin axis and hotspots has been small since that time. Additionally, this finding dictates that the significant amounts of hotspot versus spin axis motion inferred by other authors to have occurred since the Cretaceous must have instead occurred at a faster rate and concluded before the Eocene.
Overexpressed LIM Mineralization Proteins Do Not Require LIM Domains to Induce Bone

Rat LIM mineralization protein 1 (LMP-1, an LIM domain protein) mediates bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) induction of bone nodule formation in fetal rat calvarial osteoblast (ROB) cultures. We have isolated the complementary DNA (cDNA) for the human homologue of LMP-1 from an adult human heart cDNA library and showed that when overexpressed it is osteoinductive in the same culture system. The recently revised cDNA sequence of Enigma, the protein product of which binds to the insulin receptor and the tyrosine kinase receptor ret, now matches the nucleotide sequence of human LMP-1 (hLMP-1). A truncated, 223 amino acid (AA) LMP-1(t) protein has identical effects as the full-length protein, despite the deletion of the LIM domains. Two splice variants of human LMP-1 have been detected. Human LMP-2 has a 119-base pair (bp) deletion between bp 325 and 444 and a 17-bp insertion at bp 444. The resulting derived protein contains 423 AA with the LIM domains intact and does not induce bone formation when overexpressed in ROB cultures. Human LMP-3 has the same 17 nucleotide insertion at bp 444, resulting in a shift in the reading frame that causes a stop codon to occur at bp 505-507. The resulting 153 AA protein does not have the LIM domains, but overexpression of hLMP-3 induces bone formation in osteoblast cultures. These findings suggest that the LIM domains are not required for LMPs to induce bone formation. In addition, a small region (36 AA) of the LMP-1 protein may be required for bone formation.
An EM analysis of the synaptic connections of horseradish peroxidase‐filled stalked cells and islet cells in the substantia gelatinosa of adult cat spinal cord

Two major interneurons of the outer part of Rexed's layer II (IIa) were impaled with microelectrodes, had their primary inputs characterized, and were subsequently filled with horseradish peroxidase. Their fine structural characteristics and synaptic connections were then analyzed electron microscopically. Two islet cells, whose rostrocaudally oriented dendrites were largely confined within layer IIa, received primary input form small myelinated axons. A stalked cell, whose cell body was situated on I/II border had a cone-shaped dendritic arbor which traversed layer IIa as well as the inner part of Rexed's layer II (IIb) and rostrocaudal dendritic branches which ran for part of their course along the I/IIa border. It received primary input from small myelinated as well as form unmyelinated axons. Both cell types received asymmetrical axodendritic synapses from primary endings in layer IIa and IIb glomeruli and widely separated symmetrical axodendritic synapses from small nonprimary endings outside of glomerli. The presence of aggregates of synaptic vesicles in the dendrites of the layer IIa islet cells but not in the staked cell dendrites constitutes the major fine structural difference between these interneurons. Islet cell dendtrites from symmetrical synapses on several different kinds of neural processes. They usually send either a single type 2 spine (spines which contain synaptic vesicles) or dendtritic shaft into layer IIa and IIb glomeruli, where they form dendrodendritic synapses on adjacent type 1 spines (spines without synaptic vesicles) and on other small dendritic shafts. Some islet cell type 2 spines also form dendroaxonic synapses on the primary endings. Outside of the glomeruli, islet cell dendrites also form dendrodendritic synapses on type 1 spines and different sized dendritic shafts. They often approach other dendritic shafts. They often approach other dendritic shafts forming small bundles of dendrites in which they are reciprocally linked by dendrodendritic synapses to other synaptic vesicle-containing dendrites. At bead-like enlargements of their dendritic shafts and along some of the shafts of unmyelinated axons. The unmyelinated axon of the islet cell forms symmetrical synapses on layer II dendritic shafts and spines outside of glomeruli. The role of the layer IIa islet cell as an inhibitory interneuron is discussed.
APPLICABILITY OF MARKETING KNOWHOW IN THE THIRD WORLD

The article investigates the incidence and regularity of performance of marketing‐mix activities in Third World business contexts. The results support a relatively high level of incidence and regularity of performance of marketing‐mix activities — thus implying their “applicability”. However, the results suggest that corporate factors influence the performance of marketing‐mix activities.
Development of an endogenous virus-free line of chickens susceptible to all subgroups of avian leukosis virus.

SUMMARY. Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) from special specific pathogen-free chicken lines are used for detection of contamination of adult or embryonic tissues, meconium, or tissue culture fluids with avian leukosis viruses (ALV). The suitability and efficiency of such tests depend on the susceptibility of CEF to the various subgroups of exogenous as well as endogenous ALV. The ideal CEF for such tests should be not only susceptible to all retroviruses, but also free of endogenous viruses so that such tests are immune to any interference that may occur between the endogenous and the tested (exogenous) viruses. CEF and/or chickens free of endogenous viruses are also desirable for gene transfer studies using retroviral vectors, such as RNA interference (RNAi) experiments and transgenic work. The absence of ev genes in CEF or chickens can empower clean detection of successful RNAi construct delivery or gene transfer. CEF free of ev genes are also essential reagents routinely used in growing and detecting unknown retroviruses in varied viral assays. This report documents the development of a new line of chickens, 0.TVB*S1, that is free of endogenous viruses and susceptible to all subgroups of ALV identified in chickens.
A modified synchronous current regulator for field-oriented control of permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper presents a modified synchronous current regulator for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with improved transient torque response and computational efficiency. PMSMs enable high power-density propulsion systems for electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. To satisfy the requirements of vehicle traction applications, the PMSM must be coupled with a robust, high-bandwidth torque controller, such as a synchronous (field-oriented) current regulator. In our modified synchronous current regulator, controller outputs are voltage magnitude and phase, rather than quadrature- and direct-axis voltage. The modified synchronous current regulator exhibits better transient response to torque commands due to inherent decoupling of the quadrature- and direct-axis control loops, without speed- or inductance-dependent decoupling paths. Since it does not use an inverse Park transform to create three-phase voltage signals, the control loop computational requirement is significantly reduced. We have implemented the modified synchronous current regulator on a PMSM-driven electric scooter with positive results.
Separation of the enantiomers of substituted dihydrofurocoumarins by HPLC using macrocyclic glycopeptide chiral stationary phases.

Enantiomer separations by HPLC using the macrocyclic glycopeptides teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T), teicoplanin aglycon (Chirobiotic TAG), and ristocetin A (Chirobiotic R) chiral stationary phases (CSP) have been achieved on a unique series of potentially biologically active racemic analogues of dihydrofurocoumarin. The macrocyclic glycopeptides have proven to be very selective for this class of compound. All of the 28 chiral analogues examined afforded baseline separation on at least one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide CSP. The teicoplanin CSP showed the broadest enantioselectivity with 24 of the compounds baseline separated. The TAG and the R CSP produced 23 and 14 baseline separations respectively. All three mobile phase modes, i.e. normal phase (NP), reversed phase (RP), and new polar organic modes (PO), have been evaluated. The NP mode proved to be most effective for the separation of chiral dihydrofurocoumarins on all CSP tested. In the reversed phase (RP) mode, all three CSP separated a similar number of compounds. It was observed that the structural characteristics of the analytes and steric effects are very important factors leading to chiral recognition. Hydrogen bonding was found to play a secondary role in chiral discrimination in the normal phase and polar organic modes. Hydrophobic interactions are important for chiral separation in the reversed-phase mode. Chromatographic retention data does not provide information on the absolute configuration of these chiral dihydrofurocoumarin derivatives. However, when coupled with circular dichroism using the exciton coupling chirality method, the enantiomer elution order and the absolute configuration of some chiral dihydrofurocoumarins were successfully determined.
Pivot mechanisms as a link between probability and preference revelation

This paper defines a pivot mechanism for revealing probability judgments and explores a parallel between pivot mechanisms in two Bayesian games: one for probability revelation and the other for preference revelation. The main result is that Bayesian equilibria must satisfy a simple fixed point property (which can be used constructively to find equilibria). The result provides simplification and extension of previous results for the Groves mechanism and kth price auctions. Further, pivot mechanisms generalize proper scoring rules, provide an analytic tool for optimizing research incentives, and under some conditions outperform proper scoring rules.
Safety on a Rural Community College Campus via Integrated Communications

West Virginia University at Parkersburg uses a two-way emergency system as a baseline for emergency communications. The college has found that such a system, a key component of its safety and crisis management plan, can be integrated with other communication initiatives to provide focused security on the campus.
Aging induces muscle-specific impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in skeletal muscle feed arteries.

We tested the hypothesis that aging decreases endothelium-dependent vasodilation in feed arteries perfusing rat skeletal muscle. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that attenuated vasodilator re...
Adsorption of CO on the clean and sulfur modified Fe(100) surface

Abstract The interaction of CO with clean and sulfur modified Fe(100) surfaces has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). On the clean Fe(100) surface, CO adsorbs molecularly in three sequentially filled states. Dissociation of CO occurs at 440 K and is correlated with the most tightly bound molecular state. Investigation of the CO adsorption as a function of sulfur coverage on the Fe(100) surface indicated that sulfur reduces the CO dissociation by blocking the sites for dissociated carbon and oxygen atoms. No evidence for long-range electronic effects was obtained.
Resistance to Water Transport in Plants—a Misconception

IN 1948, van den Honert1 directed attention to Gradmann's idea of applying an analogue of Ohm's law to water movement in plants, and others have made the same suggestion (see Ray2 and Monteith3). Using this analogy, Gradmann concluded that the major resistance to water flow in the plant is in the gaseous phase above the transpiring surface, since almost all the potential drop occurs there. Van den Honert reconsidered this idea and concluded that the “permeability” of a free water surface appears to be 20 to 500 times smaller than protoplasmic permeability. He also concluded that regulators of water transport can be in the gaseous phase only, and if, for example, resistance to the passage of water in the roots is increased, it will have little effect on the overall rate of water transport.
Transit Signal Priority with Connected Vehicle Technology

Transit signal priority (TSP) has been studied as a control strategy that offers preference to transit vehicles at signalized intersections. Although TSP has been deployed in many places, several shortcomings, such as adverse effect on side streets and uncertainty about the benefit, have been identified. Therefore, a new TSP logic proposed to overcome these shortcomings takes advantage of the resources provided by connected vehicle technology, including two-way communications between buses and the traffic signal controller, accurate bus location detection and prediction, and number of passengers. The key feature of the proposed TSP logic is green time reallocation, which moves green time instead of adding extra green time. TSP is also designed to be conditional. That is, delay per person is used as the most important criterion in deciding whether TSP is to be granted. The logic developed in this research was evaluated in two ways: with analytical and microscopic simulation approaches. In each evaluation, ...
Pingos on Earth and Mars

Abstract Pingos are massive ice-cored mounds that develop through pressurized groundwater flow mechanisms. Pingos and their collapsed forms are found in periglacial and paleoperiglacial terrains on Earth, and have been hypothesized for a wide variety of locations on Mars. This literature review of pingos on Earth and Mars first summarizes the morphology of terrestrial pingos and their geologic contexts. That information is then used to asses hypothesized pingos on Mars. Pingo-like forms (PLFs) in Utopia Planitia are the most viable candidates for pingos or collapsed pingos. Other PLFs hypothesized in the literature to be pingos may be better explained with other mechanisms than those associated with terrestrial-style pingos.
Life with yeasts during retirement

In the summar of 1994 I received a wonderful letter from four of my colleagues--Sally Meyer, Arnold Demain, Don Ahearn and Clete Kurtzman. Together they initiated the idea of publishing a special issue of the Journal of Industrial Microbiology with articles by my former students and postdoctoral visitors to celebrate my fifty years of research on yeasts. Since an introductory article by me was to be part of the plan, I decided that rather than writing a research paper, it would be more interesting to update my earlier autobiography, which was written in 1985 as the prefatory chapter in the Annual Review of Microbiology [9]. This approach would enable me to tell my readers how, following mandatory retirement in 1983, I spent these years as a Professor Emeritus. Although mandatory retirement was later abolished at the University of California, departmental policy on emeriti at the time of my retirement varied considerably across campuses with respect to office space and laboratory facilities. The fact that I had an NSF research grant until 1991, justified a modest office as well as laboratory space sufficient to carry out my grant obligations. Two other factors also contributed to my need for space in a crowded department. The first one involved my associate editorship of the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, which I have maintained to the present, while the second dealt with the supervision of a collection of thousands of yeast strains, isolated over many years from numerous natural sources and about which I shall say more later. My formal classroom teaching, which I did in the Department of Bacteriology, was discontinued shortly after retirement. With the advent of molecular biology in microbiology, organismic microbiology began losing its appeal and my courses were phased out at UC Davis as well as at many other universities. However, because of the rapidly growing interest in the broad aspects of biodiversity, one may hope that the teaching of organismic microbiology will make a come-back at universities. A recent NSF announcement 'Special compe-
The sesquiterpene lactone chemistry of the genus Parthenium (compositae)

Abstract The sesquiterpene lactone chemistry is summarized for seventeen taxa of Parthenium including new detailed data for four species and new preliminary results for P. fruticosum , P. confertum , P. hispidum and P. rollinsianum . In connection with the former four species for which detailed data are given, six pseudoguaianolides were isolated from three populations of P. bipinnatifidum including bipinnatin (V) a new natural product, and three known substances, ambrosin (VI), damsin (IV) and hysterin (XVI). In addition, neoambrosin (VII), and hysterin acetate (XVII) were tentatively identified. Ten populations of P. hysterophorus yielded the known pseudoguaianolide parthenin (I) as the major sesquiterpene lactone. P. tomentosum afforded incanin (XVIII), a C 14 -oxygenated pseudoguaianolide previously obtained from P. incanum. P. ligulatum also yielded incanin along with the previously described C 14 -oxygenated pseudoguaianolide tetraneurin-B (XI). The structure elucidations of both incanin (XVIII) and bipinnatin (V) are described.
UPPER SEMICONTINUITY OF ATTRACTORS FOR THE KLEIN–GORDON–SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION

In this paper, we consider the Klein–Gordon–Schroodinger equation defined on Rn (n ≤ 3) and Ωm = {x ∈ Rn : |x| ≤ m}. Let $\mathcla{A}$ and $\mathcal{A}_{m}$ be the global attractors of the equation...
Systolic super summation

A principal limitation in accuracy for scientific computation performed with floating-point arithmetic is due to the computation of repeated sums, such as those that arise in inner products. A systolic super summer of cellular design is proposed for the high-throughput performance of repeated sums of floating-point numbers. The apparatus receives pipelined inputs of streams of summands from one or many sources. The floating-point summands are converted into a fixed-point form by a sieve-like pipelined cellular packet-switching device with signal combining. The emerging fixed-point numbers are then summed in a corresponding network of extremely long accumulators (i.e., super accumulators). At the cell level, the design uses a synchronous model of VLSI. The amount of time the apparatus needs to compute an entire sum depends on the values of summands; at this architectural level, the design is asynchronous. The throughput per unit area of hardware approaches that of a tree network, but without the long wire and signal propagation delay that are intrinsic to tree networks. >
Credibility of Information for Educational Innovation.

An aspect of the apparent independence of educational innovation and educational research was investigated. Thirty-four professors of educational psychology and fifty junior high school teachers ra...
Capture and control of unknown space objects with flexible multi-link manipulators

The NASA asteroid capture challenge has created great excitement and interest in the public as well as worldwide science and engineering communities. A recent Keck Institute study [1] has concluded that it is feasible to autonomously capture and return an entire ~7-m diameter, ~500,000-kg near-Earth asteroid to a high lunar orbit. Studies are underway at NASA and other organizations to conceive and develop different alternative capture mechanisms and transport methods. These methods would involve autonomous spacecraft having large solar arrays, multi-link manipulators, deployable bag, and/or other capture mechanisms. The main problem is that asteroids have irregular shapes and their mass-inertia properties, and state (especially, the angular velocity vector- spin, precession, nutation) are unknown. The capture spacecraft will likely have significant elastic mode dynamics with several lightly damped elastic modes having uncertain and varying modal parameters (frequencies and mode-shapes). Because of these problems, capture, stabilization, and post-capture control of an asteroid constitute a formidable technical challenge.
Medieval Crusading in the Literary Contexts of England: Teaching Romance and Chronicle

Past scholarship has proven the generic category of romance to be no simple classification scheme.1 For the past fifteen years, a subset called “crusade romance” has added much complexity to this discussion, if only for the texts’ epic scale, violence, vengeance, and cultural fantasies of the Other. Certainly, the creation of new generic subsets within romance represents an endless exercise whose current usefulness may have tapered; however, the applicability of the generic debate in the classroom retains its vitality simply because students often carry with them traditionally based preconceptions of romance. At the same time, more recent approaches to romance, such as those which reach across the disciplines, add new contexts to the discussion of romance. This article discusses a multi-disciplinary approach to teaching the romance and chronicle texts of medieval crusading that were produced mainly in England during the twelfth through early fifteenth centuries. While the title of the course, “The Crusade Romances: The Project of Empire” invokes only one literary genre and discipline, the course brought a sampling of romance genres, crusade chronicles, crusading art, and medieval philosophy to bear on the production of the so-called crusade romance.
SEXY AND ONLY SLIGHTLY SLOWER

![Figure][1] The extravagant and long tails of many male birds are great examples of ornaments that have evolved through sexual selection. Females in such species prefer males with elaborate tails, and hence those that overcome the costs imposed by bearing fancy tail feathers are often
Bacterioplankton communities of Crater Lake, OR: dynamic changes with euphotic zone food web structure and stable deep water populations

The distribution of bacterial and archaeal species in Crater Lake plankton varies dramatically over depth and with time, as assessed by hybridization of group-specific oligonucleotides to RNA extracted from lakewater. Nonmetric, multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of relative bacterial phylotype densities revealed complex relationships among assemblages sampled from depth profiles in July, August and September of 1997 through 1999. CL500-11 green nonsulfur bacteria (Phylum Chloroflexi) and marine Group I crenarchaeota are consistently dominant groups in the oxygenated deep waters at 300 and 500 m. Other phylotypes found in the deep waters are similar to surface and mid-depth populations and vary with time. Euphotic zone assemblages are dominated either by β-proteobacteria or CL120-10 verrucomicrobia, and ACK4 actinomycetes. MDS analyses of euphotic zone populations in relation to environmental variables and phytoplankton and zooplankton population structures reveal apparent links between Daphnia pulicaria zooplankton population densities and microbial community structure. These patterns may reflect food web interactions that link kokanee salmon population densities to community structure of the bacterioplankton, via fish predation on Daphnia with cascading consequences to Daphnia bacterivory and predation on bacterivorous protists. These results demonstrate a stable bottom-water microbial community. They also extend previous observations of food web-driven changes in euphotic zone bacterioplankton community structure to an oligotrophic setting.
Clinical-Radiological Severity Mismatch Phenomenon: Patients with Severe Neurological Deficits Without Matching Infarction on Computed Tomographic Scan

OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the long-term outcome of patients with severe persistent neurological deficits without a large infarction on computed tomographic (CT) scan. METHODS We analyzed the prospectively collected data as part of the randomized, placebo controlled trial in patients with ischemic stroke presenting within 3 hours of symptom onset. Volume of infarction was measured from CT scan acquired at 3 months. Favorable outcome defined by no significant or slight disability on a modified Rankin scale at 12 months. We determined the outcome of patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS score) ≥10 at 24 hours. RESULTS Of the 277 patients with NIHSS score ≥10 at 24 hours, 88 (32%) met the criteria of clinical–radiological severity mismatch. Compared with patients with NIHSS score ≥10 with infarct volume ≥20 cc, the patients with NIHSS score ≥10 and infarct volume <20 cc were older but there were no differences in the gender, race or vascular risk factors. Patients with clinical–radiological severity mismatch were more likely to have a favorable outcome at 12 months compared with those without mismatch (odd ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5-12.6, P= .0063) after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS We observed that approximately one-fourth of patients with severe neurological deficits have clinical–radiological severity mismatch. Such patients appear to have a high rate of favorable outcomes at 1 year.
The Value of Multiple Sources of Data in Decision Making

T he topic of selection criteria for implantable pain management is, at best, equivocal, with little unanimity presented in the literature. Therefore, Dr. Nelson and colleagues' Focus article should be applauded as a balanced and well-reasoned presentation of a controversial topic. They have presented a thorough review of the available literature, which has expanded considerably over the past 5 years. In 1992, the author presented a poster at the annual American Pain Society (APS) meeting, entitled "Psychological Factors Affecting Spinal Cord Stimulation Trials:' At that time it was the only poster pertaining to selection criteria regarding implantable pain technology. At the most recent APS annual meeting there were well over 12 posters describing some aspect of selection criteria associated with implantable pain technology. Our group here at Oregon Health Sciences University, in collaboration with Marshall Sedder, MD at St. Vincent Hospital and Medical Center in Portland, has also been accumulating data over the past few years.This work has been presented at a number of recent APS meetings, as well as the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) World Congress meeting in Paris. Overall, the question of psychological screening for implantable technology has been well received within the pain management community. At last year's APS annual meeting in Miami, the author chaired the first symposium pertaining exclusivelyto psychological screening for implantable pain management. Nelson and colleagues make a solid point in stating that the acceptance of psychological and/or multidisci-
Calyculin-A improves chromosome condensation for cytogenetic analysis of blastomeres from bovine and murine eight-cell stage embryos.

Abstract This study evaluated the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor calyculin-A for rapid, efficient induction of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in blastomeres obtained from Day 3 bovine and Day 2 murine eight-cell stage embryos, and its potential for use in cytogenetic analysis. Experiment 1 tested calyculin-A duration (0, 60, 120, and 180min) to induce PCC in bovine blastomeres. More blastomeres that underwent PCC had chromosomes suitable for cytogenetic analysis if treated for 120 or 180min ( P P P
Denervation and-or reserpine-induced changes in adrenomedullary catecholamines and nucleotidases.

Adult male rats were given doses of 5 mg- and 10 mg/kg of reserpine. Other rats were subjected to denervation of the left adrenal gland and administered the same doses of reserpine. These four groups of animals were compared with normal uninjected controls and uninjected animals with denervated left adrenal glands. Adrenal glands were analyzed quantitatively for norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) and histochemically for NE, E, adenosinemonophosphatase (AMPase) and adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Results clearly show that reserpine injection induces catecholamine (CAM) loss from adrenomedullary tissue and concomitantly produces a decrease in AMPase and a marked increase in ATPase activity. All alterations are dose related. Denervation alone has little or no effect on adrenomedullary CAMs or nucleotidases; however, it does block a major portion of the effect of reserpine. From these results it is concluded that a portion of CAM release from the adrenal medulla is mediated through the nervous system and this release is related to ATPase activity. A further mechanism of CAM release is beyond neurogenic control and may or may not be ATPase related.
School Principals’ Influence on Trust: Perspectives of Mothers of Children with Disabilities

ABSTRACT The authors employed a qualitative research design to explore issues of trust in family–professional relationships. They specifically focused on the nature of trust between mothers of children with disabilities and school principals. Analysis of the mothers’ responses to face-to-face interview questions yielded two primary categories related to their perspectives regarding principals: (a) personal and professional principal attributes and (b) principal actions within the education system, with students, and with students’ families. Subcategories were developed that further delineated the relationships participants had with the principals of their children's educational programs. The authors address implications for school leadership and the establishment of trustworthy family-professional relationships, especially as they impact the lives of students and families in need of special education support.
Digital controller design — Alternative emulation approaches

Abstract The emulation approach to digital controller design involves two steps: (1) the design of a continuous controller to satisfy performance and robustness objectives, and (2) the conversion of the continuous controller into a digital controller with the objective of obtaining comparable closed-loop system properties. This paper addresses the second step of the emulation approach. Previously developed methods are discussed, and several new methods are shown to be effective in accounting for computational delay and for sample-and-hold delay in closed-loop control applications. When the step response of the digitally controlled system is required to be closed to that of the corresponding continuous system, the selection of the sampling period T and the emulation performance are related in a fundamental way. This is illustrated in a closed-loop example.
An Analysis of Factors that Affect Public and Private School Science Achievement.

Data on 30,030 sophomores in the “High School and Beyond” project were analyzed to test the private school superiority hypothesis for science achievement. The supposition that private schools are superior to public schools in producing science achievement is rejected on the basis of the present analysis. Major differences in science achievement between public and private schools appear attributable to relatively fixed characteristics of students and to their experiences beyond the school environment, rather than to factors easily alterable by educators. The authors point out and discuss the value of homework, the problem of excessive television viewing, the influence of parental involvement in education, and the effect of the amount of academic classes taken.
Hop-by-hop routing algorithms for premium traffic

In Differentiated Service (DiffServ) networks, the routing algorithms used by the premium class traffic, due to the high priority afforded to that traffic, may have a significant impact not only on the premium class traffic itself, but on all other classes of traffic as well. The shortest hop-count routing scheme, used in current Internet, turns out to be no longer sufficient in DiffServ networks. This paper studies the problem of finding optimal routes for the premium-class traffic in a DiffServ domain, such that (1) no forwarding loop exists in the entire network in the context of hop-by-hop routing; and (2) the residual bandwidth on bottleneck links is maximized. This problem is called the Optimal Premium-class Routing (OPR) problem. We prove in this paper that the OPR problem is NP-hard.To handle the OPR problem, first, we analyze the strength and weaknesses of two existing algorithms (Widest-Shortest-Path algorithm and Bandwidth-inversion Shortest-Path algorithm). Second, we propose a novel heuristic algorithm, called the Enhanced Bandwidth-inversion Shortest-Path (EBSP) algorithm. We prove theoretically the correctness of the EBSP algorithm, i.e., we show that it is consistent and loop-free. Our extensive simulations in different network environments show clearly that the EBSP algorithm performs better when routing the premium traffic in complex, heterogeneous networks.
Design of a context aware signal glove for bicycle and motorcycle riders

For bicycle and motorcycle riders, visibility is a constant concern for safe riding. For the designer, minimizing additional demands on the rider's attention is just as crucial when the device will be used while operating a vehicle, especially a bicycle or motorcycle. This riding glove uses common sensors to recognize a small set of hand gestures used by riders and then actuates appropriate LED patterns for enhanced gesture visibility. The configuration of LEDs translates the gesture to an illuminated directional chevron, extending functionality into the night hours. By equipping the device to recognize existing hand gestures, activation of directional LED signals is simplified allowing the rider to focus on riding while the glove responds to and extends the visibility of the rider's hand gestures. This context awareness allows the device to cooperate with the rider, rather than asking the rider to interact with the device.
An Ultra-Low Voltage, Low-Noise, High Linearity 900-MHz Receiver With Digitally Calibrated In-Band Feed-Forward Interferer Cancellation in 65-nm CMOS

We present an ultra-low voltage, highly linear, low noise integrated CMOS receiver operating from a 0.6-V supply. The receiver incorporates programmable, in-band feed-forward interferer cancellation at the baseband to obtain high linearity and low noise operation at ultra-low supply voltages. Being able to reject adjacent channel or far-out blockers, the digitally calibrated interferer cancellation improves the IIP3 and IIP2 by more than 13 dB and 8 dB respectively with very little impact on the receiver noise figure. As such, it breaks the trade-off between linearity and noise figure, making it possible to use a high-gain RF front-end to achieve low noise figure without affecting the linearity of the ultra-low voltage baseband circuits. The 0.6-V 900-MHz direct-conversion receiver prototype integrates a differential LNA, RF transconductors, linear quadrature current driven passive mixers, feed-forward interferer cancellation circuits, baseband variable gain transimpedance amplifiers and second-order channel-select filters. It has a nominal conversion gain of 56.4 dB, noise figure of 5 dB, IIP3 of -9.8 dBm and IIP2 of 21.4 dBm. The receiver operates reliably from 0.55-0.65 V, consumes 26.4 mW and occupies an active area of 1.7 mm2 in a 65-nm low-power CMOS process, of which the feed-forward interferer cancellation circuits consume 11.4 mW and occupies 0.43 mm2 .
Perceived and actual competence among maltreated and comparison school children

This research examined the impact of child maltreatment and grade level on perceptions of competence and explored relations between perceived competence and school functioning among a sample of 104 low-income school children, half of whom belonged to families in which child maltreatment had been officially documented. Data were collected on 76 first through third graders and 28 fourth through sixth graders, who were interviewed in a laboratory setting, and on a subset of 74 children, who were evaluated by their teachers on measures of school functioning. Results indicated that maltreated children perceive themselves and/or describe themselves differently than do their low-income peers. However, these differences took the expected negative direction only beginning around the middle of the elementary school years. In earlier grades, maltreated children demonstrated a tendency to describe themselves in exaggerated positive terms, over and above the self-enhancement bias documented here and in other research among younger nonmaltreated children. Differences between maltreated and comparison children also appeared in teachers' ratings of school functioning and in use of special educational services. These results are presented and discussed as suggestive evidence for a causal chain from parent-child relationships, to self-perceptions, to school functioning.
Interpenetration of distinct 2D and 3D organic networks in the crystal structure of 1,3,5-tris(4-methylbenzoyl)benzene

Conformational differences between two independent molecules in the same crystal of the title triaroylbenzene derivative give rise to an interpenetrated structure involving two dimensionally distinct networks—a 2D hexagonal and a 3D α-polonium-type.
Measured strain in Nb/sub 3/Sn coils during excitation and quench

The strain in a high field Nb/sub 3/Sn coil was measured during magnet assembly, cool-down, excitation and spot heater quenches. Strain was measured with a full bridge strain gauge mounted directly over the turns and impregnated with the coil. Two such coils were placed in a "common coil" fashion capable of reaching 11 T at 4.2 K. The measured steady state strain in the coil is compared with results obtained using the FEM code ANSYS. During quenches, the transient strain (due to temperature rise) was also measured and compared with the calculated mechanical time response to a quench.
Unsupervised creation of small world networks for the preservation of digital objects

The prevailing model for digital preservation is that archives should be similar to a "fortress": a large, protective infrastructure built to defend a relatively small collection of data from attack by external forces. Such projects are a luxury, suitable only for limited collections of known importance and requiring significant institutional commitment for sustainability. In previous research, we have shown the web infrastructure (i.e., search engine caches, web archives) refreshes and migrates web content in bulk as side-effects of their user-services, and these results can be mined as a useful, but passive preservation service. Our current research involves a number of questions resulting from removing the implicit assumption that web-based data objects must passively await curatorial services: What if data objects were not tethered to repositories? What are the implications if the content were actively seeking out and injecting itself into the web infrastructure (i.e., search engine caches, web archives)? All of this leads to our primary research question: Can we create objects that preserve themselves more effectively than repositories or web infrastructure can?
Increasing Test Granularity by Aggregating Unit Tests

Unit tests are focused, efficient, and there are many techniques to support their automatic generation. Coarser granularity tests, however, are necessary to validate the behavior of larger software components, and are also likely to be more robust in the presence of program changes. This paper investigates whether coarser granularity tests can be automatically generated by aggregating unit tests. We leverage our Differential Unit Test (DUT) framework to represent unit tests, define a space of potential aggregations of those unit tests, and implement a strategy to traverse that space to generate Aggregated DUTs (A- DUTs) that validate the effects of multiple method calls on a (set of) receiver object(s). An empirical study of A-DUTs on two applications shows their tradeoffs with DUTs and their potential to increase the number of versions for which tests remain usable relative to method level tests.
Subtype-Independent Immature Secretion and Subtype-Dependent Replication Deficiency of a Highly Frequent, Naturally Occurring Mutation of Human Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen

The most frequent mutation of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen occurs at amino acid 97. Recently, a phenylalanine (F)-to-leucine (L) mutation at this position (mutant F97L) in HBV surface antigen subtype ayw has been shown to result in an immature secretion phenotype, which is characterized by the nonselective export of an excessive amount of virions containing minus-strand, single-stranded HBV DNA. While subtype ayw mutant F97L has been found in Europe, the major reservoir of HBV resides in Asia and Africa. We report here that the immature secretion phenotype indeed can be found in an HBV strain (subtype adr) prevalent in Asia, changing from an isoleucine (I) to a leucine (mutant I97L). Despite its immature secretion phenotype, the adr variant I97L replicates as well as its parental adr wild-type I97I, supporting the conclusion that the extracellular phenotype of immature secretion is not a consequence of the intracellular HBV DNA replication defect. Further studies demonstrated that it is the acquisition of a leucine, rather than the loss of a wild-type amino acid at codon 97, that is important for immature secretion. We conclude that immature secretion is a subtype-independent phenotype and deficiency in intracellular DNA synthesis is a subtype-dependent phenotype. The former is caused by the trans-acting effect of a mutant core protein, while the latter by a cis-acting effect of a mutated nucleotide on the ayw genome. These immature secretion variants provide an important tool for studying the regulation of HBV virion assembly and secretion.
Estimating Productivity of Traditional Iroquoian Cropping Systems from Field Experiments and Historical Literature

Abstract Results from field experiments in New York establish realistic yield levels for the Three Sisters, a polycultural cropping system of inter-planted corn, bean, and squash which was used by Iroquoian farmers in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. A traditional open-pollinated white flour corn yielded from 22 to 76 bu/acre (1155 to 4127 kg/ha); the higher yields were obtained in New York's Lake Plain region with its fertile soils and long growing season. Corn grain yields were also higher at increased plant densities and closer spacing. We argue that these grain yields, which are significantly higher than other scholars have reported, are an accurate reflection of the yield potential of the productive soils of this region. Other researchers have failed to account for the complex and critical ways that soil organic matter and agronomic practices determine corn yields. Our yield estimates are further supported by eyewitness accounts that describe a highly productive agriculture practiced by Iroquoian ...
Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Flow of Pseudoplastic Fluids with Yield Stresses

An analysis of the laminar-turbulent transition behavior of power law non-Newtonian fluids with yield stresses reveals that considerable interaction occurs between the characterizing parameters m and Hedstrom number for low power law indexes, m. In particular, for m < 0.4 small yield stresses tend to destabilize the flow whereas large ones stabilize it. The results of this analysis suggest that in order to obtain correct predictions and interpretations of transitional and turbulent flows of nonNewtonian fluids, a correct modeling of the viscous rheological behavior of the fluid is essential. Nomenclature A = a dimensionless parameter defined by Eq. (6) D - pipe diameter / = friction factor He - Hedstrom number, defined by Eq. (17) K = laminar-turbulent transition parameter K = maximum value of K m = power law index in rheological model Re - Reynolds number,.defined by Eq. (8) r = radial coordinate u = v/(u}, dimensionless velocity v = velocity (v} ~ mean velocity T = -du/d£ j] = consistency index in rheological model k = r/rw £ = value of £ where K = K £o = TQ/TW p — fluid density a = dimensionless parameter defined by Eq. (7) r = shear stress TO = yield stress in rheological model