cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of Physarum U6 small RNA.

Small RNA (sRNA) U6 was isolated from total cellular RNA of vegetative Physarum microplasmodia by preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis. It was end-labeled in vitro to high-specific-activity using (32-P)-pCp and RNA-ligase; and sequenced by direct chemical methods. In this sequencing process, pseudouridine scores as a uridine, methylcytosine scores as a cytosine, and methyladenosine scores as an adenosine. Physarum U6 is 99 N long. Its primary sequence was compared to the published sequence of rat U6. One region, 93 N long, shows 65.6% homology (61/93) with nucleotides 10 to 108 of the rat U6 molecule. One 15 N subdomain, corresponding to nucleotides 18-32 of the rat molecule, is 100% conserved. Those functional rat U6 sequence domains proposed to base-pair with rat U4 RNA show 58.3% (21/36 N) homology with the rat sequence. Potential secondary structures of the Physarum U6 molecule were analyzed by computer programs. The most stable structure is shown below. Within the proposed stem regions, 86.7% (26/30) of the base changes preserved the hairpin structure. Interestingly, in those domains where primary structure shows poor homology, secondary structure is highly conserved.
Equilibrium reaction of iridium and oxygen at high temperatures

Abstract Iridium oxidizes by the formation of a solid oxide and several gaseous oxides. Above 1369 K the solid oxide dissociates and oxidation takes place by volatilization of gaseous oxides. Recent work has suggested that the predominant gaseous oxide above 1500 K in 1.00 atm of oxygen is Ir2O3(g). New transpiration experiments show that, at least up to 1775 K, IrO3(g) is the predominant species. The results of these experiments and of all previous investigations have been correlated by third law methods and a value of 22.0 ± 2.8 kJ mol−1 was selected for the enthalpy of formation of IrO3(g) at 298 K.
Solution processing of V2O5–WO3 composite films for enhanced Li-ion intercalation properties

Abstract We have employed a simple and novel solution processing method to prepare V 2 O 5 –WO 3 composite films which demonstrate enhanced Li-ion intercalation properties for applications in lithium-ion batteries or electrochromic displays. This solution processing method employs precursors that only contain the elements of V, W, O and H, which avoids impurity elements such as Na that has been commonly used in other solution methods (e.g. using precursors of sodium metavanadate and sodium tungstate solution). The V 2 O 5 –WO 3 composite films show enhanced Li-ion intercalation properties compared to pure V 2 O 5 and WO 3 films. For example, at a high current density of 1.33 A/g, V 2 O 5 –WO 3 film with a V 2 O 5 /WO 3 molar ratio of 10/1 exhibits the highest capacities of 200 mA h/g at the first cycle and 132 mA h/g after 50 cycles, while pure V 2 O 5 film delivers discharge capacities of 108 mA h/g at the first cycle and 122 mA h/g after 50 cycles. The enhanced Li-ion intercalation properties of the composite films are ascribed to the reduced crystallinity, the increased porosity and thus the enhanced surface area. Both the cyclic voltammogram and chronopotentiometric curves of the V 2 O 5 –WO 3 film with a molar ratio of 10:1 are distinctively different from those of pure oxide films, suggesting a different Li-ion intercalation process in the V 2 O 5 –WO 3 film with the molar ratio of 10:1.
Aeroelastic Computations on Wing-Body-Control Configurations on Parallel Computers

A multizonal capability for aeroelastic computation of complex geometries has been implemented in ENSAERO, an aeroelastic analysis code with Euler/Navier ‐ Stokes e ow solver, on the IBM SP2 parallel computer. The discipline parallelization is achieved by distributing the e uid, structure, and control domains onto different groups of computational nodes. The e uid domain is further parallelized based on the multizonal method. The coupling between the e uids and structures is obtained by exchanging the interface boundary data at every iteration by using the explicit message passing interface standard library. The performance of the current implementation shows that about 12 computational nodes of the SP2 computer are equivalent to the speed of a single C90 processor. For demonstration purposes, static aeroelastic computations coupled with control surfaces are made for an arrow wing ‐ body ‐ control cone guration in the transonic e ow regime. Computed pressure coefe cients for a rigid cone guration were compared with the wind-tunnel experiment. The two results show good agreement. Steady aeroelastic simulations are made with and without control surface dee ections. The static aeroelastic simulations show that the effect of e exibility is signie cant on aerodynamic coefe cients. It is noted that the e exible wing lowered the sectional lifts compared to the rigid wing. This procedure can be utilized for the fast computational solution of large-scale wind-tunnel models and real cone gurations that inevitably deform under aerodynamic loads.
Control of lift assist devices for performance enhancement

Handling heavy and bulky loads in manufacturing settings is an ongoing problem in achieving flexible and re-configurable assembly operations. One current trend is toward using powered heavy lift assist devices to augment human decision making skills with the mechanical muscle necessary to move and position large work pieces. As advanced automation has made it possible to apply power to multiple axes of a lift assist device, a need has arisen to implement a more natural control interface for the operator. One method is to use sensors to measure the force applied by the operator as the motion command to the powered assist device. This approach allows an untrained operator to easily guide the work piece using natural hand motions. In this research, we explore the use of multiple powered axes in a lift assist device to enhance and increase the material handling capability of the human operator. Input forces from the operator are measured and translated into joint actuation commands using a micro-controller. The automated control system is used to augment the workspace of to include virtual walls and attraction locations that can guide the operator as the work piece is moved. Closed loop control issues arise from the three coupled, nonlinear systems meeting at the manipulator input handle--the human, the powered lift assist device, and the digital computer control application. We present analytic and experimental comparisons of the performance of this class of human strength enhancing devices. Stability of the various control approaches is considered from a theoretical standpoint and compared to experimental results. The combination of theory and experiment are used to provide boundaries to the allowable performance of these types of machines.
On a question of Craven and a theorem of Belyi

In this elementary note we prove that a polynomial with rational coefficients divides the derivative of some polynomial which splits in Q if and only if all of its irrational roots are real and simple. This provides an answer to a question posed by Thomas Craven. Similar ideas also lead to a variation of the proof of Belyi's theorem that every algebraic curve defined over an algebraic number field admits a map to P 1 which is only ramified above three points. As it turned out, this variation was noticed previously by G. Belyi himself and Leonardo Zapponi.
Minimal ∗-differential identities in prime rings

It is known that a prime ring which satisfies a polynomial identity with derivations applied to the variables must satisfy a generalized polynomial identity, but not necessarily a polynomial identity. In this paper we determine the minimal identity with derivations which can be satisfied by a non-PI prime ringR. The main result shows, essentially, that this identity is the standard identityS3 withD applied to each variable, whereD = ad(y) fory inR, y2 = 0, andy of rank one in the central closure ofR.
Compositional effects on the thermal and structural stability of aluminum phosphate catalytic materials

Influence de la composition d'un catalyseur de phosphate d'aluminium sur support d'alumine sur les proprietes chimiques, physiques et structurales
Evaluating risks associated with extended enterprise systems (EES)

The term “system” is defined as a: “… set or arrangement of elements (people, products, (hardware, software) and processes (facilities, equipment, material, and procedures)) that are related and whose behavior satisfies customer/operational needs, and provides for the life cycle sustainment of the products” [1]. Similarly, “enterprise” is described as a: “goal-directed complex system of resources -human, information, financial, and physical-and activities, usually a significant operational scope, complication, risk, and duration” [2], However, the necessities of today's market governed by intense competition, globalizations, and battles among supply chains, have changed the focus on how an enterprise conducts its business. Enterprises are gradually moving on from operating as a stand-alone entity to producing goods and services through a network of independent or semi-independent organizations [3]. As a result, enterprises are becoming extended network-based organisms able to operate in extremely complex environments [4]. In order to capture the dynamic nature of such entities, existing approaches can be combined to introduce an Extended Enterprise System (EES) as “a complex network of distinctive yet distributed and interdependent organizational systems that are connected in an autonomic way to achieve objectives beyond reaching capacities of each” [5]. The type of interactions among constituent systems of such a network might be defined based on hierarchy, collaboration, coordination, or a combinatorial form. Regardless of the interconnectivity rules and forms that results in an increased flexibility and adaptability, an EES is not devoid of being susceptible to sudden, unforeseen vulnerability that can put it in a position of great risk through astronomical financial losses and a steep decline in its overall market share, thereby leading to the loss in its competitive advantage. Since developing a “risk free” strategy that enables the “ideal” functioning of an EES is nearly impossible in the currently prevailing business environment, having a clear understanding of the critical risks associated with the functioning of an EES is absolutely necessary for its growth and sustenance in the business environment. Furthermore, the boundaries for evaluation and management of risks associated with an EES are inherited from a plethora of intra- as well as inter-organizational relationships [6,7] that stretches well beyond those associated with its enterprise-centric counterparts, and therefore warrants a great deal of attention from policy-makers as a part of designing a well-structured risk mitigation strategy. However, despite the rapidly growing popularity of EES among practitioners, there is still a considerable void in the open literature on evaluating the critical risks associated with an EES, something that the current research is trying to shed some light on.
The extraordinary selectivity of methoxyphenylcarbene; The case of the curious “olefin”

Abstract The reaction of MeOCPh with Me2CCMe2 gives a low yield of the appropriate cyclopropane (3); however, aged olefin containing traces of the related hydroperoxide (8) or alcohol (9) impurities, selectively affords the formal O-H insertion products 7 or 4.
Unbinding of Retinoic Acid from its Receptor Studied by Steered Molecular Dynamics

Abstract Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and development. Binding of the retinoic acid hormone to RAR is accompanied by conformational changes in the protein which induce transactivation or transrepression of the target genes. In this paper we present a study of the hormone binding/unbinding process in order to clarify the role of some of the amino acid contacts and identify possible pathways of the all- trans retinoic acid binding/unbinding to/from human retinoic acid receptor (hRAR)- γ . Three possible pathways were explored using steered molecular dynamics simulations. Unbinding was induced on a time scale of 1ns by applying external forces to the hormone. The simulations suggest that the hormone may employ one pathway for binding and an alternative "back door" pathway for unbinding.
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter V.1: Scattering Amplitudes: A Brief Introduction

We review current efficient techniques for the construction of multi-leg and multi-loop on-shell scattering amplitudes in supersymmetric gauge theories. Examples in the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions are included.
Evolution of photosynthesis and biospheric oxygenation contingent upon nitrogen fixation

How photosynthesis by Precambrian cyanobacteria oxygenated Earth's biosphere remains incompletely understood. Here it is argued that the oxic transition, which took place between approximately 2.3 and 0.5 Gyr ago, required a great proliferation of cyanobacteria, and this in turn depended on their ability to fix nitrogen via the nitrogenase enzyme system. However, the ability to fix nitrogen was not a panacea, and the rate of biospheric oxygenation may still have been affected by nitrogen constraints on cyanobacterial expansion. Evidence is presented for why cyanobacteria probably have a greater need for fixed nitrogen than other prokaryotes, underscoring the importance of their ability to fix nitrogen. The connection between nitrogen fixation and the evolution of photosynthesis is demonstrated by the similarities between nitrogenase and enzymes critical for the biosynthesis of (bacterio)chlorophyll. It is hypothesized that biospheric oxygenation would not have occurred if the emergence of cyanobacteria had not been preceded by the evolution of nitrogen fixation, and if these organisms had not also acquired the ability to fix nitrogen at the beginning of or very early in their history. The evolution of nitrogen fixation also appears to have been a precondition for the evolution of (bacterio)chlorophyll-based photosynthesis. Given that some form of chlorophyll is obligatory for true photosynthesis, and its light absorption and chemical properties make it a ‘universal pigment’, it may be predicted that the evolution of nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis are also closely linked on other Earth-like planets.
Long-time correlations in the stochastic regime

The phase space for Hamiltonians of two degrees of freedom is usually divided into stochastic and integrable components. Even when well into the stochastic regime, integrable orbits may surround small stable regions or islands. The effect of these islands on the correlation function for the stochastic trajectories is examined. Depending on the value of the parameter describing the rotation number for the elliptic fixed point at the center of the island, the long-time correlation function may decay as t/sup -5/ or exponentially, but more commonly it decays much more slowly (roughly as t/sup -1/). As a consequence these small islands may have a profound effect on the properties such as the diffusion coefficient, of the stochastic orbits.
Risk of Testicular Cancer in Cohort of Boys With Cryptorchidism

Abstract Objective: To determine the risk of testicular cancer in relation to undescended testis and its treatment based on recorded details of the maldescent, treatment, and biopsy from case notes. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London. Subjects: 1075 boys with cryptorchidism treated by orchidopexy or hormones at the hospital during 1951-64. Main outcome measures: Relative risk of testicular cancer in the cohort compared with men in the general population. Results: 12 testicular cancers occurred in 11 of the patients during follow up to mid-1990 (relative risk of cancer in males with cryptorchidism=7.5 (95% confidence interval 3.9 to 12.8)). The relative risk fell significantly beyond 15 years after orchidopexy but did not decrease with younger age at orchidopexy. Risk was significantly raised in testes that had had biopsy samples removed during orchidopexy (relative risk=66.7 (23.9 to 143.3) compared with a testis in a man in the general population) and was significantly greater in these testes than in undescended testes that had not had biopsy samples taken at orchidopexy (6.7 (2.7 to 13.5)). No reasons for biopsy or distinguishing clinical aspects of the testes that had had biopsy samples taken and later developed malignancies were evident in the case notes. No histological abnormalities were evident at initial biopsy except in one testis that had features of dysgenesis. Conclusions: Biopsy seems to be a stronger risk factor for testicular cancer than any factor previously identified. The trauma of open biopsy may contribute substantially to risk of malignancy or the testes may have been selected for biopsy on the basis of clinical factors predictive of malignancy but not mentioned in the case notes. Key messages The reasons for increased risk of testicular cancer in cryptorchidism are unclear Risk of testicular cancer was determined in follow up of 1075 boys with cryptorchidism treated during 1951-64 The relative risk of testicular cancer in the cohort compared with men in the general population was 7.5 and did not decrease with younger age at orchidopexy Risk was much greater in undescended testes from which a biopsy sample had been taken during orchidopexy than in those with no biopsy Biopsy was a stronger risk factor for testicular cancer than any factor previously identified
Stability of Farm Income and the Role of Nonfarm Income in U.S. Agriculture

This study measures the variability in real net farm income in the U.S. agricultural sector and per farm and determines if variability has diminished over 1933 to 1999. Second, the role of nonfarm income in reducing the variability in total farm household income is examined. Results indicate that the variability in real net farm income in the sector and at the farm level has not diminished and that nonfarm income has helped to reduce the variability in total farm household income.
Multiple Kernel Sparse Representations for Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

In complex visual recognition tasks, it is typical to adopt multiple descriptors, which describe different aspects of the images, for obtaining an improved recognition performance. Descriptors that have diverse forms can be fused into a unified feature space in a principled manner using kernel methods. Sparse models that generalize well to the test data can be learned in the unified kernel space, and appropriate constraints can be incorporated for application in supervised and unsupervised learning. In this paper, we propose to perform sparse coding and dictionary learning in the multiple kernel space, where the weights of the ensemble kernel are tuned based on graph-embedding principles such that class discrimination is maximized. In our proposed algorithm, dictionaries are inferred using multiple levels of 1D subspace clustering in the kernel space, and the sparse codes are obtained using a simple levelwise pursuit scheme. Empirical results for object recognition and image clustering show that our algorithm outperforms existing sparse coding based approaches, and compares favorably to other state-of-the-art methods.
Stratifications of Finite Directed Categories and Generalized APR Tilting Modules

A finite directed category is a k-linear category with finitely many objects and an underlying poset structure, where k is an algebraically closed field. This concept unifies structures such as k-linerizations of posets and finite EI categories, quotient algebras of finite-dimensional hereditary algebras, triangular matrix algebras, etc. In this article, we study representations of finite directed categories and discuss their stratification properties. In particular, we show the existence of generalized Auslander-Platzeck-Reiten tilting modules for triangular matrix algebras under some assumptions.
Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Silylamines by the Direct Addition of Silyl Anions to Activated Imines

A highly efficient stereoselective synthesis of unusual α-silylamines via a direct silyl anion addition reaction is reported. This approach is convergent and avoids any problematic aza-Brook shifts of the anionic intermediates. The use of enantiopure tert-butanesulfinyl imines as the electrophiles affords exceedingly high levels of diastereocontrol for the newly formed stereogenic carbon.
Market Integration and Economic Development: A Long-run Comparison

How much of China’s recent economic performance can be attributed to market-oriented reforms introduced in the last two decades? A long-run perspective may be important for understanding the process of economic development occurring today. This paper compares the integration of rice markets in China today and 270 years ago. In the eighteenth century, transport technology was non-mechanized, but markets were close to being free. We distinguish local harvest and weather from aggregate sources of price variation in a historical sample and in a similarly constructed contemporary sample. Findings indicate the degree of market integration in the 1720s is a very good predictor of per capita income in the 1990s. Moreover, the current pattern of interregional income in China is strongly linked to persistent geographic factors that were already apparent several centuries ago, well before the enactment of modern reform programs.
Synthesis of Linear Amphipathic Porphyrin Dimers and Trimers: An Approach to Bilayer Lipid Membrane Spanning Porphyrin Arrays.

A modular building-block approach has been developed for the construction of linear amphipathic porphyrin arrays. The reaction of meso-(trifluoromethyl)dipyrromethane and an aldehyde under the conditions of the two-step room temperature porphyrin synthesis affords the trans-substituted porphyrin (13−56% yields). A similar reaction with two different aldehydes provides access to porphyrins bearing two different functional groups. An ethyne porphyrin and an iodo porphyrin (either free base or zinc) are selectively joined via Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reactions, affording a linear array with porphyrins in defined metalation states. Coupling of a zinc−porphyrin bearing iodo and ester groups with a free base porphyrin bearing ethyne and ester groups yielded the zinc−free base porphyrin dimer. Coupling of a bis-ethyne porphyrin with a porphyrin bearing iodo and ester groups afforded the porphyrin trimer. Cleavage of the esters yielded the amphipathic porphyrin dimer and trimer arrays. The arrays with adjacent zi...
Extremal non-compactness of composition operators with linear fractional symbol

Abstract We realize the norms of certain composition operators C φ with linear fractional symbol acting on the Hardy space in terms of the roots of associated hypergeometric functions. This realization leads to simple necessary and sufficient conditions on φ for C φ to exhibit extremal non-compactness, establishes equivalence of cohyponormality and cosubnormality of composition operators with linear fractional symbol, and yields a complete classification of those linear fractional φ that induce composition operators whose norms are determined by the action of the adjoint C φ ∗ on the normalized reproducing kernels in H 2 .
Does religious belief infect philosophical analysis

One popular conception of natural theology holds that certain purely rational arguments are insulated from empirical inquiry and independently establish conclusions that provide evidence, justification, or proof of God's existence. Yet, some raise suspicions that philosophers' and theologians' personal religious beliefs inappropriately affect these kinds of arguments. I present an experimental test of whether philosophers' and theologians' argument analyses are influenced by religious commitments. The empirical findings suggest that religious belief affects philosophical analysis and offer a challenge to theists and atheists, alike: re-evaluate the scope of natural theology's conclusions or acknowledge and begin to address the influence of religious belief.
Comparison Of Asymmetric Hydrogenations Of Unsaturated- Carboxylic Acids And -Esters.

As methodology development matures, it can be difficult to discern the most effective ways of performing certain transformations from the rest. This review summarizes the most important contributions leading to asymmetric hydrogenations of simple unsaturated acid and ester substrates, with the objective of highlighting at least the best types of catalysts for each. Achievements in the area are described, and these reveal situations where further efforts should be worthwhile and ones where more research is only likely to give diminishing returns. In general, our conclusions are that the most useful types of catalysts for unsaturated acids and esters tend to be somewhat different, simple substrates have been studied extensively, and the field is poised to address more complex reactions. These could be ones involving alternative (particularly cyclic) structures, chemoselectivity issues, and more complex substrate stereochemistries.
Moral Leadership and Administrative Statesmanship: Safeguards of Democracy in a Constitutional Republic

The pursuit of the common good must be understood from the reality that governing is ugly. The ability to grapple with situations that are ambiguous requires administrators to be cognizant of action that might be suspect but necessary to accomplish the public interest. This often requires them to become active players. John Rohr postulates that the U.S. Supreme Court's standards of strict scrutiny is one approach that could be used to justify such action. Building on this line of thinking, the strict scrutiny test can be used as a guide to shape the constitutive character of administrative statesmanship while simultaneously restraining it. The ability to balance formative action and restraint provides a different dimension to an understanding of administrative statesmanship. Even though this process is not easy, it helps administrators refrain from going beyond the mark and enables them to act like statesmen in seemingly unresolvable situations.
Testing Technicolor with Scalars at the First Muon Collider

An interesting class of models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking allows only the third generation fermions to acquire dynamical masses, such that the masses of the first two generations should be given by coupling to a nonstandard ``Higgs`` doublet. The scalars in this case have large couplings to the second generation, so that they are copiously produced at a muon collider. We analyze the potential for discovery of the neutral scalars in the s-channel, and we show that at resonance there will be observed in excess of 10{sup 5} events per year.
THE UTILIZATION OF THE METHYL GROUP OF METHIONINE IN THE BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF CHOLINE AND CREATINE

The transfer of methyl groups from methionine to choline and creatine has been demonstrated by the isolation of deuteriocholine and deuteriocreatine from the tissues, and of deutriocreatinine from the urine, or rats fed methionine containg a deuteriomethyl group. It was found from the deuterium ocntents of the isolated compounds that at the end of a given experimental period, each of the isolated compounds had derived approximately the same percentage of methyl groups from the deuteriomethionine of the diet. All the deuterium in the isolated choline was shown to be in the methyl grops. The concentraion of deuterium in the methyl gorups of the choline and creatine from the tissues as well as of the urinary creatinine rose to 85 per cent of that of the deuterio-methionine fed over a period of 14 weeks, strongly indicating that there was no other precursor of methyl groups in the diet employed. The transfer of methyl groups from choline to creatime has been demonstrated by the isolation of deuteriocreatime from the tissues and of deuteriocreattnine from the urine of rats maintained on a diet containing deuteriocholine and homocystine. Thus direct proof has been afforded to substantiate the hypothesis previously presentd that methionine may be a precursor of choline in so far as the methyl groups are concerned. The significance of these findings with regard to the prevention of fatty infiltraton of the liver and to the prevention of hemorrhagic kidneys resulting from a choline-deficient diet has been pointed out. The data support the hypothesis that the body is incapable of generationg methyl groups for certain methlations and that methyl groups must be supplied in the diet in a biologically labile from such as occurs in methionine and choline.
Liberalization and food price distributions: ARCH-M evidence from Madagascar

Abstract There is no well-articulated theory of how stochastic food prices respond to economic liberalization measures, a surprising oversight in the vast literature on market-oriented reforms. This paper presents reduced form estimates of the effects of liberalization measures on food commodity prices in Madagascar using autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic in mean (ARCH-M) methods. The data indicate that the short-term effects of liberalization on the mean and variance of food prices vary substantially by commodity, region and season. In the long term, liberalization increases both the mean and the variance of food prices. The abandonment of a quantity-rationed state marketing system with administrative pricing also leads to smaller inter-regional and interseasonal differences in mean food prices and a sharp increase in price autocorrelation. Real exchange rates have pronounced positive effects on mean food prices, but these effects emerge indirectly, rather than directly, through induced changes to border parity prices.
Control of a Flexible Robot Arm: Experimental and Theoretical Results

The operation of high precision robots is severely limited by. their manipulator dynamic deflection, which persists for a period of time after a move is completed. These unwanted vibrations deteriorate the end effector positional accuracy and reduce significantly the robot arm production rate. A “rigid and flexible motion controller” is derived to introduce additional damping into the flexible motion. This is done by using additional sensors to measure the compliant link vibrations and feed them back to the controller. The existing actuators at the robot joints are used (i.e., no additional actuators are introduced). The performance of the controller is tested on a dynamic model, developed in previous work, for a spherical coordinate robot arm whose last link only is considered to be flexible. The simulation results show a significant reduction in the vibratory motion. The important issue of control and observation spillover is examined and found to present no significant practical problems. Partial evaluation of this approach is performed experimentally by testing two controllers, a “rigid body controller” and a “rigid and flexible motion controller,” on a single joint of a spherical coordinate, laboratory robot arm. The experimental results show a significant reduction in the end effector dynamic deflection; thus partially validating the results of the digital simulation studies.
Outer Billiards with Contraction: Attracting Cantor Sets

We consider the outer billiards map with contraction outside polygons. We construct a 1-parameter family of systems such that each system has an open set in which the dynamics are reduced to that of a piecewise contraction on the interval. Using the theory of rotation numbers, we deduce that every point inside the open set is asymptotic to either a single periodic orbit (rational case) or a Cantor set (irrational case). In particular, we deduce the existence of an attracting Cantor set for certain parameter values. Moreover, for a different choice of 1-parameter family, we prove that the system is uniquely ergodic; in particular, the entire domain is asymptotic to a single attractor.
The Kornai effect with partial bailouts and taxes

The model examines Kornai's observation that in the presence of bailouts, firms' demand for inputs will be greater than would otherwise be the case. This conjecture is examined in a model in which both revenue and cost uncertainty are present and in which firms making losses are partially subsidized and firms making positive profits are partially taxed. The Kornai effect is more prevalent the greater the subsidy rate, the smaller the tax rate and the greater the variance of the random variables through which uncertainty manifests itself. In the case of strongly positively correlated cost and revenue uncertainty, the absolute incidence of the Kornai effect is small.
Recombination-Dominated Nonequilibrium Heat Transfer to Arbitrarily Catalytic Hypersonic Vehicles

Application of an approximate theory of nonequilibriu m stagnation-poi nt boundary-laye r flow on highly cooled blunt bodies, including a finite atom recombination rate on the surface, is presented. The analysis is based on the fact that recombination near the cold wall dominates the nonequilibrium behavior. Closed-form solutions for the atom concentration at the wall and heat transfer are obtained in terms of a composite Damkohler number representing the combined effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction, in good agreement with the numerical results of Fay and Riddell. The use of this theory in parametric studies of nonequilibrium heating sensitivity to various design parameters is discussed in detail.
SEARCHES FOR SUPERSYMMETRY WITH THE ATLAS DETECTOR

This is a review of searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) with the ATLAS detector in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The review covers results that have been published, or submitted for publication, up to September 2012, many of which cover the full 7 TeV data-taking period. No evidence for SUSY has been seen; some possibilities for future directions are discussed.
Chandra Observation of PSR B1823–13 and Its Pulsar Wind Nebula

An observation of the Vela-like pulsar B1823–13 and its synchrotron nebula with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory allowed us to resolve the pulsar and the fine structure of the nebula. The pulsar's spectrum fits a power-law model with a photon index ΓPSR ≈ 2.4 for the plausible hydrogen column density nH = 1 × 1022 cm−2, corresponding to the luminosity LPSR ≈ 8 × 1031 ergs s−1 in the 0.5-8 keV band, at a distance of 4 kpc. The pulsar radiation likely includes magnetospheric and thermal components, but they cannot be reliably separated, because of the small number of counts detected and strong interstellar absorption. The pulsar is surrounded by a compact, ~25'' × 10'', pulsar wind nebula (PWN) elongated in the east-west direction, which includes a brighter inner component ≈7'' × 3'', elongated in the northeast-southwest direction. The slope of the compact PWN spectrum is Γcomp ≈ 1.3, and the 0.5-8 keV luminosity is Lcomp ~ 3 × 1032 ergs s−1. The compact PWN is surrounded by asymmetric diffuse emission (extended PWN) seen up to at least 2.4' south of the pulsar, with a softer spectrum (Γext ≈ 1.9 for nH = 1 × 1022 cm−2), and the 0.5-8 keV luminosity Lext ~ 1033-1034 ergs s−1. We also measured the pulsar's proper motion using archival VLA data, μα = 23.0 ± 2.5 mas yr−1 and μδ = − 3.9 ± 3.1 mas yr−1 (in LSR), which corresponds to the transverse velocity v⊥ ≈ 440 km s−1. The direction of the proper motion is approximately parallel to the elongation of the compact PWN, but it is nearly perpendicular to that of the extended PWN and to the direction toward the center of the bright VHE γ-ray source HESS J1825–137, which is believed to be powered by PSR B1823–13.
Compressible-flow modeling with pseudo bond graphs

A finite lump pseudo bond graph scheme for isothermal and isentropic pipe flows of ideal gas is developed on the basis of the governing differential equations and an assumption of staggered spatial profiles for the variables. Element constitutive relationships are formally derived. A new CONVECTANCE element is defined to model convective acceleration. The bond graph is simple and convenient to use
Concentration of random polytopes around the expected convex hull

We provide a streamlined proof and improved estimates for the weak multivariate Gnedenko law of large numbers on concentration of random polytopes within the space of convex bodies (in a fixed or a high dimensional setting), as well as a corresponding strong law of large numbers.
Cluster algebras IV: Coefficients

We study the dependence of a cluster algebra on the choice of coefficients. We write general formulas expressing the cluster variables in any cluster algebra in terms of the initial data; these formulas involve a family of polynomials associated with a particular choice of ‘principal’ coefficients. We show that the exchange graph of a cluster algebra with principal coefficients covers the exchange graph of any cluster algebra with the same exchange matrix. We investigate two families of parameterizations of cluster monomials by lattice points, determined, respectively, by the denominators of their Laurent expansions and by certain multi-gradings in cluster algebras with principal coefficients. The properties of these parameterizations, some proven and some conjectural, suggest links to duality conjectures of Fock and Goncharov. The coefficient dynamics leads to a natural generalization of Zamolodchikov's -systems, previously known in finite type only, and sharpen the periodicity result from an earlier paper. For cluster algebras of finite type, we identify a canonical ‘universal’ choice of coefficients such that an arbitrary cluster algebra can be obtained from the universal one (of the same type) by an appropriate specialization of coefficients.
Influence of Small Scale Heterogeneity on CO2 Trapping Processes in Deep Saline Aquifers

Abstract The physical mechanism of CO 2 trapping in porous media by capillary trapping (pore scale) incorporates a number of related processes, i.e. residual trapping, trapping due to hysteresis of the relative permeability, and trapping due to hysteresis of the capillary pressure. Additionally CO 2 may be trapped in heterogeneous media due to difference in capillary pressure entry points for different materials (facies scale). The amount of CO 2 trapped by these processes depends upon a complex system of non-linear and hysteretic relationships including how relative permeability and capillary pressure vary with brine and CO 2 saturation, and upon the spatial variation in these relationships as caused by geologic heterogeneity. Geological heterogeneities affect the dynamics of CO 2 plumes in subsurface environments. Recent studies have led to new conceptual and quantitative models for sedimentary architecture in fluvial deposits over a range of scales that are relevant to the performance of some deep saline reservoirs. We investigated how the dynamics of a CO 2 plume, during and after injection, is influenced by the hierarchical and multi-scale stratal architecture in such reservoirs. The results strongly suggest that representing small scales features (decimeter to meter), including their organization within a hierarchy of larger-scale features, is critical to understanding trapping processes.
Nonlinear evolution of the Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities

Scaled experiments on the nonlinear Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instabilities are described for two limiting conditions. First, at high Reynolds number, the mixing layer is found to grow self-similarly ∼αiAgt2 for a constant acceleration and as a power law tθi for an impulsive acceleration g=Uδ(t). The growth coefficients αi and exponents θi are measured over a comprehensive range of Atwood number A. Second, with non-Newtonian materials, the critical wavelength and amplitude for RT instability associated with the shear modulus and tensile yield of the material is observed over a variety of conditions. The results are applied to naturally occurring supernova explosions and volcanic islands.
Germany's Basic Law and the Use of Force

The German Basic Law’s Regime for the use of force is evidence of and an explanation for the deep difference between Germany and the United States on security matters. It also might say something more grand about the power of law to constrain force.
Serological investigation of Ureaplasma urealyticum in Korean preterm infants.

PURPOSE Ureaplasma colonization is related with perinatal complications in preterm infants. Little is known about the difference in virulence among various Ureaplasma urealyticum serovars. The aim of this study was to determine U. urealyticum serovars of preterm infants in order to assess whether any of the serovars were associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS Three hundred forty-four preterm infants with a gestational age less than 34 weeks admitted to Gangnam Severance Hospital neonatal intensive care unit from July 2011 to December 2012 were included in this study. Tracheal and gastric aspirations were conducted on infants to confirm Ureaplasma colonization. Ureaplasma colonization was confirmed in 9% of infants, of these, serovars were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 31 infants (gestational age, 29.3±3.1 weeks; birth weight, 1,170±790 g) were U. urealyticum positive. The Ureaplasma positive group treated for more days with oxygen and ventilation than the negative group (P<0.05). Histologic chorioamnionitis and moderate to severe BPD were more frequent in the Ureaplasma positive group than in the negative group (P<0.05). U. urealyticum isolates were either found to be a mixture of multiple serovars (32%), serovar 9 alone or combined with other serovars (39%), serovar 11 (26%), 2 (13%), 8 (10%), 10 (13%), and 13 (25%). No individual serovars were significantly associated with moderate to severe BPD and chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSION This is the first study to describe the distribution of U. urealyticum serovars from Korean preterm infants. Ureaplasma-colonized infants showed higher incidence of BPD and chorioamnionitis.
Nano-organocatalyst: magnetically retrievable ferrite-anchored glutathione for microwave-assisted Paal–Knorr reaction, aza-Michael addition, and pyrazole synthesis

Abstract Postsynthetic surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles by glutathione imparts desirable chemical functionality and enables the generation of catalytic sites on the surfaces of ensuing organocatalysts. In this article, we discuss the developments, unique activity, and high selectivity of nano-organocatalysts for microwave-assisted Paal–Knorr reaction, aza-Michael addition, and pyrazole synthesis. Their insoluble character coupled with paramagnetic nature enables easy separation of these nano-catalysts from the reaction mixture using external magnet, which eliminates the requirement of catalyst filtration.
Limitation of CMOS supply-voltage scaling by MOSFET threshold-voltage variation

A fundamental limit of CMOS supply-voltage (V/sub cc/) scaling has been investigated and quantified as a function of the statistical variation of MOSFET threshold-voltage (V/sub T/). Based on the data extracted from a sub 0.5 /spl mu/m logic technology, the variation of ring-oscillator propagation-delay (T/sub d/) significantly increases as V/sub cc/ is scaled down towards the MOSFET V/sub T/. An empirical power-law relationship was then derived to describe the scattering of circuit speed (/spl Delta/T/sub pd/) as a function of MOSFET V/sub T/ variation (/spl Delta/V/sub T/) and (V/sub cc/-V/sub T/). Agreement between the model and the experimental data was established for V/sub cc/ values from 4.0 to 0.9 V. This fundamental limit of CMOS V/sub cc/, scaling poses an additional challenge for the design and manufacturing of high-performance, low-power portable systems and battery-based equipment. >
Holographic multiverse and the measure problem

We discuss the duality, conjectured in earlier work, between the wave function of the multiverse and a 3D Euclidean theory on the future boundary of spacetime. In particular, we discuss the choice of the boundary metric and the relation between the UV cutoff scale ξ on the boundary and the hypersurface Σ on which the wave function is defined in the bulk. We propose that in the limit ξ → 0 this hypersurface should be used as the cutoff surface in the multiverse measure. Furthermore, we argue that in the inflating regions of spacetime with a slowly varying Hubble rate H the hypersurfaces Σ are surfaces of constant comoving apparent horizon (CAH). Finally, we introduce a measure prescription (called CAH+) which appears to have no pathological features and coincides with the constant CAH cutoff in regions of slowly varying H.
Simulating dynamical fermions with smeared links

Abstract Recently we proposed the hypercubic smearing (HYP) that improves the flavor symmetry of staggered fermions by an order of magnitude with only minimal distortions at small distances. We describe a new algorithm to simulate dynamical HYP fermions based on the standard pure gauge overrelaxation and heatbath updates. The algorithm has been used to simulate four and two flavors of staggered fermions. Unlike standard dynamical simulation techniques, this algorithm does not loose efficiency at small quark masses.
Constitutive relationships for anisotropic high-temperature alloys

A constitutive theory is presented for representing the anisotropic viscoplastic behavior of high-temperature alloys that possess directional properties resulting from controlled grain growth or solidification. The theory is an extension of a viscoplastic model that has been applied in structural analyses involving isotropic metals. Anisotropy is introduced through the definition of a vector field that identifies a preferential (solidification) direction at each material point. Following the development of a full multiaxial theory, application is made to homogeneously stressed elements in pure shear and to a uniaxially stressed rectangular block in plane stress with the stress direction oriented at an arbitrary angle with the material direction. It is shown that an additional material parameter introduced to characterize the degree of anisotropy can be determined on the basis of simple creep tests.
NETWORK MUSICS - PLAY, ENGAGEMENT AND THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF PERFORMANCE

The rapid development of networking technologies has allowed composers to explore new ways of directly engaging participants in the exploration of musical environments and realization of new forms of musical expression. Several distinctive approaches to the musical application of networks will be outlined, each of which is mediated and conditioned by the technical and aesthetic foundations of the network technologies themselves. Recent work in the field by artists such as Atau Tanaka and Metraform will be examined in this context, as will some of the pioneering work in the genre by Max Neuhaus. While recognizing the historical context of collaborative work, the author will examine how the strategies employed in the work of these artists have helped redefine a new aesthetics of engagement in which play, spatial and temporal dislocation are amongst the genre's defining characteristics.
Stability Analysis of Chatter on a Tandem Rolling Mill

Abstract Accurate prediction of the onset of chatter is difficult in designing and operating a rolling mill. Both the lack of precise rolling process models and analytical methods for the investigation of mill stability have forced designers and users to rely on experience and trial and error, which are time consuming and cost demanding. A comprehensive rolling process model is introduced to form the foundation of chatter analysis that includes a range of possible process variations. Analytical chatter models for both single and multiple-stand rolling mills are constructed that account for interactions between mill structure and rolling process, as well as between adjacent stands. Stability analysis is performed to formulate criteria for rolling mill design and operation. Finally, simulations and experiments are presented to verify some basic components of the rolling process model that constitute the proposed chatter models.