cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL VARIATION IN THE LITHIOPHILITE–TRIPHYLITE SERIES AND OTHER OLIVINE-GROUP STRUCTURES

The crystal structures of five natural samples of the lithiophilite‐triphylite series [Li(Mn,Fe)PO4; Li = M1, (Mn,Fe) = M2] were refined to determine structural variation along the Mn (r = 0.83 A) ⇔ Fe (r = 0.78 A) solid-solution series, and to elucidate variations in the atomic arrangement of Pbnm olivine. The refinements converged to R ≤ 0.017. Bonds at the O3 site are fundamental in understanding the response of the atomic arrangement as Fe concentration increases. The M2‐O3a bond shortens by more than 0.06 A, and the M2‐O3b bond shortens by ~0.02 A over the series. This shift of the O3 oxygen toward the two coordinating M2 sites is commensurate with an increase in the M1‐O3 bond length by approximately 0.03 A, and an increase in the distortion of the M1 site. Much previous work has focused on polyhedron distortions in the olivine structure. The angle variance for the M1, M2, and T polyhedra were calculated for each phosphate sample in this study and published silicate and germanate olivine structures. In each case, the angle variance of the phosphate olivines was found to be smaller in the M1 octahedron, which is in contrast to the other olivine-structure phases examined in this study. However, if the size difference in the radius of the M1 and M2 site cations is ≥0.17 A, the distortion is greater in the octahedral site that is occupied by the larger cation. The structural differences along the lithiophilite‐triphylite solid-solution series may have significant effects on its solid electrolyte properties, including rates of lithium diffusion and activation energies, and thus are important in the development and design of Li-olivine storage cathodes.
The partial molar volume of Fe2O3 in alkali silicate melts : Evidence for an average Fe3+ coordination number near five

High-temperature (867–1534 °C) density measurements were performed in air on 10 liquids in the Na 2 O-Fe 2 O 3 -FeO-SiO 2 (NFS) system and 5 liquids in the K 2 O-Fe 2 O 3 -FeO-SiO 2 (KFS) system using Pt double-bob Archimedean method. Replicate measurements indicate an average reproducibility of 0.22%. Compositions (in mol%) range from 4 to 18 Fe 2 O 3 , 0 to 3 FeO, 18 to 39 Na 2 O, 25 to 37 K 2 O, and 43 to 67 SiO 2 . Errors in the gram formula weight are ~0.4%. The molar volumes were fitted to a linear compositional model, which gives a compositionally independent partial molar volume (±2σ) for the Fe 2 O 3 component (V Fe 2 O 3 ) of 41.52 ± 0.34 cm 3 /mol and zero thermal expansivity. The average residual to the fit is ±0.36% for our 57 measurements on 15 liquids at various temperatures. The value for V Fe 2 O 3 in silicate liquids when Fe 3+ is in fourfold vs. sixfold coordination is estimated to be ~45.5 ± 1 vs. ~34 ± 1 cm 3 /mol, respectively. Thus, the fitted value of 41.5 cm 3 /mol appears to reflect an average Fe 3+ coordination number between 4.5 and 5.0, which is consistent with recently published X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on Fe 3+ -bearing silicate glasses. In the literature, V Fe 3+ is inferred to be present in trigonal bipyramidal sites, in contrast to the square pyramidal sites for V Ti 4+ . The lack of a strong compositional or temperature dependence for V Fe 2 O 3 in these alkaline silicate liquids, in contrast to what is observed in the literature for V TiO 2 in similar melts, may reflect the different geometries for V Fe 3+ and V Ti 4+ .
Evolution: a fixed-nitrogen fix in the early ocean?

A new study asserts that a late evolutionary leap in cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation terminated a long history of nitrogen-limited primary production in the ocean — and contributed to a dramatic increase in biospheric oxygen coincident with the rise of animals.
Immunity and nutrition in heroin addicts

An immunological and nutritional survey was conducted on 16 heroin addicts and 16 control subjects matched for age and sex. Skin testing showed none of the addicts to be anergic. Three of four individuals who had positive purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests failed to produce leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) to PPD in vitro; in contrast, four of five PPD skin test positive controls produced LMIF. A relative lymphocytosis was found in the heroin addicts although the percentage of 'T' lymphocytes (E-rosetting techniques) was similar to that of the control population. A significant elevation of serum IgG and IgM (p less than 0.0005) was present. Although none of the addicts studied were nutritionally deficient, the serum vitamin C, B6 and albumin levels were significantly lower than in the controls. Elevation of serum aminotransferase values occurred in half the patients, but there was no correlation with presence of serum markers of hepatitis B infection or absent LMIF production. The results suggest that heroin addicts are capable of responding to antigens when their nutritional status in normal, despite the presence of liver enzyme abnormalities.
Chemical Interactions in the Cactus-Microorganism-Drosophila Model System of the Sonoran Desert

SYNOPSIS. The Cactus-Microorganism-Drosophila Model System of the Sonoran Desert represents an excellent paradigm of the role of chemistry in plant-animal interactions. In this system, four species of endemic Drosophila feed and reproduce in necrotic tissue of five species of columnar cacti. Studies over the past 35 yr have characterized a myriad of interactions between the three major components of the model system. The cacti contain a variety of allelochemicals which are primarily responsible for the highly specific pattern of host plant utilization exhibited by the desert Drosophila. Plant chemistry, through its effect on the microbially produced volatile patterns, is further involved in host specificity because the flies use the volatile pattern to cue in on necroses in the appropriate species of cactus. The metabolic activities of microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) living in the necrosis can affect the substrate chemistry in both positive and negative ways (i.e., acting to increase or to decrease the toxicity of the substrate). Finally, cactus chemistry may affect drosophilid mating behavior since larval rearing substrate has been shown to influence adult hydrocarbon epicuticular composition. In D. mojavensis, adult hydrocarbon profile has been implicated as a determinant of mate choice leading to premating isolation between geographically isolated populations that use chemically different cactus substrates. Current research is focused on the evolution and regulation of genes whose products (cytochrome P450 enzymes) are involved in the specific insect-host plant relationships which exist between the Drosophila species and the cactus species. There are many reasons why investigators choose to focus their research efforts on what are referred to as ‘‘model systems.’’ Typically included among these would be the idea that model systems are easier to study because they are less complex than other scientific situations. At the same time, model systems should be representative of more complex, natural systems so that information that is obtained from their study is broadly applicable. For almost a century, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has served as a model organism for the study of genetics. As a genetic paradigm, Drosophila is more tractable to scientific investigation than most organisms and has provided important insights into a wide variety of human maladies from alcohol abuse to neurological brain disorders (Bellen, 1998). Similarly, the interrelationships of the columnar cacti and the cactophilic Drosophila species of the Sonoran Desert have, for the past 35 yr, provided an excellent model system with which to study relevant questions in evolution, ecological genetics, and chemical ecology. The intent of this article is to briefly review and characterize the chemical interactions between the plants (cacti) and animals (Drosophila) of this model system, and, in addition, provide some thoughts on possible future directions for integrative approaches in this research area.
The National League for Nursing Project to Explore the Use of Simulation for High-Stakes Assessment: Process, Outcomes, and Recommendations.

Abstract AIM This project was designed to explore the feasibility of using simulation for high-stakes assessment in pre-licensure RN programs. METHOD A think tank of experts recommended simulation scenarios suitable for assessing students at the end of their program. Two teams were formed: one to design the simulations, the other to develop the evaluation plan. Scenarios were piloted and refined, then sent to schools across the country. Student performances on video recordings were scored by raters. RESULTS Essential elements of simulation design, implementation, evaluation tools, and processes were found. CONCLUSION Well-designed and facilitated scenarios, delivered in the controlled environment of the simulation center, can be a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the clinical skills of students.
Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Lapatinib as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Purpose We sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and lapatinib (GCL) as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) planned for radical cystectomy.
Water as a metric for urban development in India

AbstractWater mismanagement in India causes great havoc. In many areas that receive abundant monsoonal rainfall, adequate water for domestic uses in other seasons is not available. At the same time, the intense urbanization in the country presents an opportunity for landscape architects and urban designers to actively address water security. This study discusses water use as a determining metric for undisturbed sites, or ‘greenfield’ developments, that have an abundance of water during the monsoons and water scarcity in other seasons. The article uses projective design for a greenfield city—Naya Raipur—in central India, to argue for rainfall metrics to calculate population density and water harvesting by laws, in order to meet all per capita domestic water requirements. The proposed use of a mandatory per capita water harvesting area is an easily applicable solution for water scarcity, which can provide autonomy to households for water management and control the density of a city based on the availability...
REDUCING SERIOUS HARM FOR PEDIATRIC CARDIAC INPATIENTS AT A LARGE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL

Background Serious harm is a composite outcome that includes the following 10 preventable patient morbidities: Catheter-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CA-BSI), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CA-UTI), Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Pressure Ulcer, Serious PIV extravasation, Level 6–9 Adverse Drug Events, Surgical Site Infection (SSI), Serious Falls, Preventable Codes Outside ICU, and Surgical Sentinel Events. Failure to prevent harm results in increased length of stay, cost and mortality. Objectives In efforts to improve system level safety outcomes for cardiac patients, the Heart Institute Safety, Quality and Value leadership aligned strategic priorities and projects across our microsystems to reduce serious harm. Methods Pareto charts identified the largest contributors to serious harm in the Heart Institute. Active QI work was then prioritized to these areas with focused QI consultant and data support. PDSA cycles were then used to test and implement change. Process control charts were used to evaluate change in the Serious Harm rate. Results The largest contributors to harm were identified as CA-BSI, SSI and VAP. For FY15, we were able to reduce Serious Harm from 22.8 to 20.5 per 10,000 patient days and the Centerline was shifted from 30.0 to 18.1 per 10,000 patient days. Conclusions Having leadership take a system level approach to drive and support alignment of QI projects resulted in reduction of Serious Harm to cardiac patients. This can be spread to other HI programs to achieve similar results.
Introduction to Finite Element Method

In the preceding chapters, we have considered the matrix analysis of structures modeled as beams, frames, or trusses. The elements of all these types of structures are described by a single coordinate along their longitudinal axis. These are structures with unidirectional elements, called skeletal structures. In general, they consist of individual members or elements connected at points designated as nodes or joints. For these types of structures, the behavior of each element is considered independently through the calculation of the element stiffness matrices. The element stiffness matrices are then assembled into the system stiffness matrix in such a way that the equilibrium offerees and the compatibility of displacements are satisfied at each nodal point. The analysis of such structures is commonly known as the Matrix Structural Analysis and could be applied equally to static and dynamic problems.
Cultures at War: The Political and Policy Implications of Immigration to the United States

While there exist several studies devoted to evaluating the political attitudes of U.S. citizens (Bobo and Hutchings, 1996; Bobo and Kluegel, 1993; Chavez, 1991; Fraga and Ramiriz, 2001; Schuman et al., 1997; Sigelman and Tuch, 1997; Tuch and Sigelman and Tuch, 1997) and immigrant groups alike (Portes and Rumbaut, 2001; Arthur, 2000; Cain, Kiewet and Uhlaner, 1991; Ong and Nakanishi, 1996; Uhlaner and Garcia, 1998; Wong, 2000; Ramakrishnan, 2005), very little has been done to distinguish between the political attitudes of immigrants and citizens of the same racial or ethnic group. Using data from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, 1992-1994, this study evaluates the role identity adoption plays in emphasizing the distinctions that exist between the political attitudes of immigrants and those of U.S. citizens from the same racial/ethnic group.The results reveal that despite pronounced cultural distinctions between immigrants and U.S. citizens, in many cases race and ethnicity are important unifiers on issues of affirmative action policy. This is an important finding because it suggests that there is some homogeneity of attitudes and public opinions for racial and ethnic groups, regardless of citizenship or immigrant background.
The Herpes-Encephalitis Problem

As already discussed in some detail in previous articles (Gay and Holden,18 1929; Gay,2 1932), we are confronted with a working hypothesis of considerable strength and value in attempting to explain the etiology of human epidemic (lethargic) encephalitis. The hypothesis that epidemic encephalitis is due to a modified or adapted neurotropic strain of the virus of herpes simplex has in our opinion grown in persuasiveness. We do not propose to repeat in detail the evidence for or against the herpetic origin of true epidemic encephalitis. It may suffice to present in a semitabular form the main lines of evidence which we have previously discussed more fully, underlining those particular arguments on which we propose to offer further evidence in this article, and referring interested readers to our previous papers for a fuller discussion.
A Structural Dynamic Analysis of a Crane Fly Forewing

This paper describes a method for conducting the structural dynamic analysis of a crane fly (family Tipulidae) forewing. Wing geometry is captured via microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scan. A finite element (FE) model of the forewing is developed from the reconstructed model of the micro-CT scan to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the wing in vacuum. The FE model is validated by comparing the first three natural frequencies of a tubular cantilever beam with similar dimensions and properties of a vein of the wing to the analytical solution obtained from Euler beam theory. The natural frequency of the wing increases with mode in vacuum. The first three mode shapes of the wing are characterized by bending and torsional deformation responses. Furthermore, a simulation of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of the forewing under steady and unsteady conditions at low freestream velocities, similar to those encountered by insects in regular flight, is performed by coupling the FE model of the wing with a computational fluid dynamics model. For steady air flow, the FSI simulations reveal that high magnitude deformation regions develop at the center of the wing and that the deformation increases nonlinearly with increasing freestream velocity. For unsteady air flow, a more uniform deformation distribution is observed along the span wise direction of the wing.
Puritan Protagonist: President Thomas Clap of Yale College

(1963). Puritan Protagonist: President Thomas Clap of Yale College. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 295-296.
Abstract A77: Lyophilized black raspberries modulate microRNA targets inhuman cervical cancer cells

Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer worldwide and is expected to result in 11,270 new cases and 4,070 deaths this year in the United States. Advances in the early detection of malignant lesions continue to lower cervical cancer mortality; however, cervical cancer remains a challenge for prevention and the management of pre‐invasive disease. A long latency precedes the development of many invasive cervical cancers, and provides an extended window for cancer risk reducing interventions. Natural food products and bioactive food components have attracted significant interest as nutraceutical‐based cancer prevention strategies. MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in diverse biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. It has been shown that microRNAs are deregulated in many cancers, and consequently represent new targets for cancer treatments. Previously, we demonstrated that a lyophilized black raspberry (LBR, Rubus occidentalis) extract inhibited the proliferation of human cervical cancer cells [HeLa (HPV16−/HPV18+, adenocarcinoma), SiHa (HPV16+/HPV18−, squamous cell carcinoma) and C‐33A (HPV16−/HPV18−, squamous cell carcinoma)] in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. To investigate the role of microRNAs in the growth inhibitory activity of LBR extract on cervical cancer cells, we performed global microRNA profiling (667 unique miRs) using the TaqMan MicroRNA Array v2.0 on HeLa, SiHa and C‐33A cells. Cervical cells were treated with 200µg/mL LBR extract or 0.02% DMSO (delivery vehicle control) for 1 day and 3 days, respectively. HeLa, SiHa, and C‐33A cells demonstrated approximately 300 microRNA changes following 1 day or 3 days of LBR extract exposure. Once controlled for delivery vehicle effects, all cells demonstrated significant (2^‐ Ct Method, 2‐fold cutoff, p Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted that at least 27 unique LBR extractmodulated microRNAs were involved in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, despite histopathologic and genetic background differences, five microRNAs demonstrated the same expression profile in all cervical cells following LBR extract exposure: miR‐26a‐2*, miR‐923 (up‐regulated) and miR‐19a*, miR‐885‐5p, miR‐937 (down‐regulated). In addition, potential oncomiRs miR‐184 and miR‐145 were down‐regulated by LBR extract uniquely in SiHa cells. Suppression of oncomiR‐184 and oncomiR‐145 was validated by real time RT‐PCR (2.4‐fold and 2.1‐fold decrease, respectively). In conclusion, LBR inhibits growth and modulates microRNA expression in human cervical cancer cells in conserved (all cell types) and unique profiles. Further studies will identify the mechanistic role of these microRNAs in LBR‐mediated growth suppression and cervical carcinogenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A77.
The limits of religion: liberalism and anti-liberalism in the Islamic Republic of Iran

AbstractThis essay investigates the ways that ‘religion,’ as a particular category of discourse, organised Muslim debates in the Islamic Republic of Iran during the 1990s and early 2000s. Recent work in the study of religion has highlighted not only liberalism’s privatised and largely protestant notion of religion, but also the ways that understanding of religion affects the representation of Islam in the West. Studies of Islam, continuing the critique of liberal assumptions regarding religion, often uphold a traditionalist understanding of Islam as an equally valuable way of being in the world. This article, in contrast, explores the ways that liberal religion figures in both liberal and anti-liberal Muslim debate. Specifically, it traces the ways that Muslim theology (kalām) draws upon and contests the rationality and secularity of the world and, in so doing, turns the gaze back to continuing discontents with liberalism in the West.
Treatment and Problems Encountered in Unit Start-up of the 660MW Supercritical Direct Air Cooling Turbine

This paper analyzes the problems encountered in unit start-up of the 660 MW supercritical direct air cooling turbines and proposes measures to address them;summarizes the operating characteristics of this type of units,which can be used as a reference for start-up and commissioning of similar types of units.
Galanin contributes to monoaminergic dysfunction and to dependent neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy

Status epilepticus (SE) in rats, along with chronic epilepsy, leads to the development of behavioral impairments resembling depressive disorder and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), thus reflecting respective comorbidities in epilepsy patients. Suppressed neurotransmitter tone in the raphe nucleus (RN)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) serotonergic pathway and in the locus coeruleus (LC)-PFC noradrenergic pathway underlies depressive- and impulsive-like behavioral deficits respectively. We examined possible mechanisms leading to the monoamine dysfunction in brainstem efferents, namely modulatory effects of the neuropeptide galanin on serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) signaling. SE was induced in young adult male Wistar rats by LiCl and pilocarpine. Epileptic rats were categorized vis-a-vis behavioral deficits as not impaired, "depressed" and "impulsive". Depressive- and impulsive-like behaviors were examined in the forced swimming test (FST). The strength of serotonergic transmission in RN-PFC and of noradrenergic transmission in LC-PFC was analyzed using in vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Galanin receptor type 1 (GalR1)/type 2 (GalR2) antagonist M40, and a preferential GalR2 antagonist M871 were administered over 3days locally into either RN or LC by means of ALZET osmotic minipumps connected to locally implanted infusion cannulas. Intra-RN injection of M40 improved serotonergic tone and depressive-like behavior in epileptic "depressed" rats. Intra-LC injection of M40 improved noradrenergic tone and impulsive-like behavior in epileptic "impulsive" rats. The effects of M40 were only observed in impaired subjects. The treatment did not modify neurotransmission and behavior in naive and epileptic not impaired rats; in "depressed" rats the effects were limited to serotonergic transmission and immobility, while in "impulsive" rats - to noradrenergic transmission and struggling behavior. Intra-RN administration of M871 exacerbated depressive-like behavior, but had no effects on any other of the examined parameters in any category of animals. These findings suggest that endogenous galanin, acting through GalR1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy-associated depression and ADHD via inhibiting RN-PFC serotonergic and LC-PFC noradrenergic transmissions respectively.
Use of Spiral Protectors for Preventing Fatigue Damage of Transmission Line Cables

Results of a measurement of the distribution of component forces in an “ACSR with wound spiral protector from steel wires” system fastened in a suspension clamp of an overhead transmission line are presented. Correlation dependences for the tensile force acting in the cable under the protector are obtained. It is shown that the tensile force in the cable under the protector decreases from the value T in the span to a minimum value in the middle of the suspension clamp. At a tensile force T equal to 30% of the standard strength of the wire the tensile force in the suspension clamp is 8.1%, and the wires in the OL cable do not suffer from fatigue damage. Spiral protectors from steel wires are recommended for protecting OL cables from fatigue damage under the action of standing vibration waves.
Knowledge of Breastfeeding Recommendations and Breastfeeding Duration: A Survival Analysis on Infant Feeding Practices II.

Abstract Background: According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life followed by breastfeeding with complementary food for up...
Salivary Kratagonists: Scavengers of Host Physiological Effectors During Blood Feeding

A common functional theme of salivary proteins from blood-feeding arthropods is the sequestration of host physiological effectors through the action of binding proteins that have been given the name kratagonists. These proteins are normally derived from small, secreted, structurally malleable protein families that can be modified to bind ligands that are important in hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses. Since blood feeding has evolved numerous times, different protein families are employed for this purpose. So far, these families have been found to include the lipocalins, odorant-binding proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (CAP) type proteins and the insect yellow proteins. A diverse array of ligand forms has been shown to be bound, including biogenic amines, eicosanoids, nucleotides, and cytokines. Here, we review aspects of the structural and functional diversity of these molecules.
Ketohexokinase C blockade ameliorates fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction in fructose-sensitive mice

Increasing evidence suggests a role for excessive intake of fructose in the Western diet as a contributor to the current epidemics of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a difficult and potentially lethal orphan disease associated with impaired fructose metabolism. In HFI, the deficiency of aldolase B results in the accumulation of intracellular phosphorylated fructose, leading to phosphate sequestration and depletion, increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) turnover, and a plethora of conditions that lead to clinical manifestations such as fatty liver, hyperuricemia, Fanconi syndrome, and severe hypoglycemia. Unfortunately, there is currently no treatment for HFI, and avoiding sugar and fructose has become challenging in our society. In this report, through use of genetically modified mice and pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate that the absence or inhibition of ketohexokinase (Khk), an enzyme upstream of aldolase B, is sufficient to prevent hypoglycemia and liver and intestinal injury associated with HFI. Herein we provide evidence for the first time to our knowledge of a potential therapeutic approach for HFI. Mechanistically, our studies suggest that it is the inhibition of the Khk C isoform, not the A isoform, that protects animals from HFI.
So You Want to Start a Psychoanalytic School? Succumbing to An Almost “Irresistible Temptation”

ABSTRACTThe interest in applying psychoanalytic understanding to the upbringing and educating of children has been ongoing for a century now. The urge to share knowledge about children’s inner worlds with the aim of making home and school life more supportive and responsive to their emotional well-being was one that Anna Freud (1965) described as “an almost irresistible temptation.” The first paper in this collection tells the story of the first “psychoanalytic school” started in 1927 in Vienna by Anna Freud herself, along with Dorothy Burlingham and Eva Rosenfeld. The papers that follow describe the origins and evolution of four other such schools, founded in the following decades, by child analysts who could not resist the temptation. The stories of the founding member schools of the Alliance for Psychoanalytic Schools (APS) are told by those with firsthand, intimate knowledge of what it takes to create and sustain such an endeavor. The section ends with an account of a school consultation in an APS mem...
Animals and Animality in the Babylonian Talmud

Animals and Animality in the Babylonian Talmud selects key themes in animal studies - animal intelligence, morality, sexuality, suffering, danger, personhood - and explores their development in the Babylonian Talmud. Beth A. Berkowitz demonstrates that distinctive features of the Talmud - the new literary genre, the convergence of Jewish, Christian, and Zoroastrian cultures, the Talmud's remove from Temple-centered biblical Israel - led to unprecedented possibilities within Jewish culture for conceptualizing animals and animality. She explores their development in the Babylonian Talmud, showing how it is ripe for reading with a critical animal studies perspective. When we do, we find waiting for us a multi-layered, surprisingly self-aware discourse about animals as well as about the anthropocentrism that infuses human relationships with them. For readers of religion, Judaism, and animal studies, her book offers new perspectives on animals from the vantage point of the ancient rabbis.
BONN Technique: Tribological Properties Predictor for Plasma Nitrided 316L Stainless Steel

Abstract Plasma nitriding is the most encouraging process to harden the surface roughness of stainless steel. Stainless steels has broad application in various fields, especially biomedical. The 316L stainless steel is the most recommended material for biomedical application. In this paper a novel predictor for the tribological properties of plasma nitride 316L stainless steel. The proposed predictor combines an optimization technique with an artificial intelligence technique such as Bat optimization and neural network respectively. Initially the data obtained from plasma nitriding of gas mixture of 50% H2, 50% N2 at three different time and temperature. Then the BONN is trained and the performance is compared with the actual value. The performance analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Basic Neo-Classical Growth Models

The models of aggregate economic behavior that represent short-period analysis demonstrate that the necessary condition for full employment is that the level of investment generated in an economy be offset by the volume of saving made at the full employment income. This conclusion is based on the assumption that the labor force and the productive capacity of a given economy are fixed. In the short run these assumptions are realistic but labor force as well as productive capacity change over time. Population may be increasing and therefore what is full employment today may not be full employment tomorrow. Secondly, investment in a given year adds to the productive capacity of the economy thereby increasing its potential output. It is this dual aspect of investment (i. e. investment on the one hand offsetting saving and on the other increasing productive capacity) that is central in theories of economic growth. A second reason why productive capacity might increase is technical progress. Improvements in technology bring about increases in the efficiency of the factors of production thereby raising potential output.
Methodological Approaches to the Social and Economic Dynamics of Life on a Hacienda

The Annaliste or structural history approach to archaeology provides a powerful model for discussing the processes that shape human societies. This approach is especially fruitful for historical archaeology where documents can bolster information recovered from the archaeological record. The Annales paradigm traces its roots to the end of the nineteenth century when in response to dissatisfaction with the traditional approaches and methods of history, geography, and the social sciences, French scholars such as geographer Vidal de la Blache, sociologist Emile Durkheim, and historian Henri Berr began advocating a more generalizing approach to the study of society and culture.
SEARCH AND ENUMERATION—BACKTRACK PROGRAMMING

Most combinatorial algorithms involve the generative enumeration of one or all configurations satisfying certain requirements. A program for realizing a systematic search or enumeration frequently, and quite naturally, takes the form of a nest of iterations. A search logically so structured has been called backtrack by Professor D. H. Lehmer and backtrack programming by S.W. Golomb and L.D. Baumert. A backtrack algorithm incorporating well designed impasse detection is frequently the most direct and efficient approach to an enumerative calculation. This chapter discusses the concept of nested iteration and it is associated with-statement notation as a basis for a detailed discussion of backtrack programming, a fundamental tool of combinatorial computing. Backtrack programming is sometimes useful, or necessary, in certain problems of optimization, problems which involve search for an optimum member of a finite class of objects whose generation has an arborescent structure.
β-Lactam and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Recovered from the Environment of Human and Veterinary Tertiary Care Hospitals.

Abstract The dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae expressing resistance to clinically important antibiotics such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones is of critical concern to both human and veterinary medicine. In healthcare facilities, the movement of patients, personnel, and equipment provides an opportunity for Enterobacteriaceae carrying antibiotic resistance genes to disseminate in the hospital environment where they pose a threat to patients, staff, and hospital visitors. We collected environmental samples using electrostatic cloths to estimate the frequency of resistant Enterobacteriaceae contamination on human and veterinary hospital surfaces. Samples were enriched in nutrient broth modified with antibiotics to provide specific selection pressure to select for bacteria expressing AmpC β-lactamase (blaCMY), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL, blaCTX-M), carbapenemase, quinolone, and fluoroquinolone-resistant phenotypes. A total of 31 contact surfaces were sa...
Partnering with Families of Young Children with Disabilities in Inclusive Settings

Family engagement is important for the education of children of all ages, but it is especially critical for the success of young children with disabilities in inclusive settings. Research has shown that high levels of parental involvement in early childhood and elementary education correlate with children’s improved academic performance, more positive attitudes toward school, fewer placements in special education, lower dropout rates, and fewer suspensions. However, the recognition that family involvement benefits children does not make clear how the involvement becomes a positive force or what factors act to determine the degree of benefit. This chapter will summarize theories in family-oriented partnership models, identify challenges and issues related to family-school-community partnerships, and discuss cultural and social factors influencing family involvement in early intervention and special education practices. Finally, an empowerment model of family-school-community partnerships is introduced.
Predicting adult facial type from mandibular landmark data at young ages

Objectives To assess the potential of predicting adult facial types at different stages of mandibular development. Setting and sample population A total of 941 participants from the Bolton-Brush, Denver, Fels, Iowa, Michigan and Oregon growth studies with longitudinal lateral cephalograms (total of 7166) between ages 6-21 years. Material and methods Each participant was placed into one of three facial types based on mandibular plane angle (MPA) from cephalograms taken closest to 18 years of age (range of 15-21 years): hypo-divergent (MPA 39°). Cephalograms were categorized into 13 age groups 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18-21. Twenty-three two-dimensional anatomical landmarks were digitized on the mandible and superimposed using generalized Procrustes analysis, which projects landmarks into a common shape space. Data were analysed within age categories using stepwise discriminant analysis to identify landmarks that distinguish adult facial types and by jackknife cross-validation to test how well young individuals can be reclassified into their adult facial types. Results Although each category has multiple best discriminating landmarks among adult types, three landmarks were common across nearly all age categories: menton, gonion and articulare. Individuals were correctly classified better than chance, even among the youngest age category. Cross-validation rates improved with age, and hyper- and hypo-divergent groups have better reclassification rates than the normo-divergent group. Conclusions The discovery of important indicators of adult facial type in the developing mandible helps improve our capacity to predict adult facial types at a younger age.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among Young Adults With Myocardial Infarction.

Abstract Background There are limited data on the prevalence and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) among U.S. adults who experience a myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of clinically defined FH and examine the rates of statin utilization and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) achieved 1-year post MI. Methods The YOUNG-MI registry is a retrospective cohort study that includes patients who experience an MI at or below age 50 years between 2000 and 2016 at 2 academic centers. Probable or definite FH was defined by the Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria. Outcomes included the proportion of patients classified as probable or definite FH, use of lipid-lowering therapy, and LDL-C achieved 1-year post MI. Results The cohort consisted of 1,996 adults with a median age of 45 years; 19% were women, and 54% had ST-segment elevation MI. Probable/definite FH was present in 180 (9%) of whom 42.8% were not on statins prior to their MI. Of the 1,966 patients surviving until hospital discharge, 89.4% of FH patients and 89.9% of non-FH patients were discharged on statin therapy (p = 0.82). Among FH patients, 63.3% were discharged on high-intensity statin compared with 48.4% for non-FH patients (p Conclusions Clinically defined FH was present in nearly 1 of 10 patients with MI at a young age. Only two-thirds of FH patients were discharged on high-intensity statin therapy, and the vast majority had elevated LDL-C at 1 year. These findings reinforce the need for more aggressive lipid-lowering therapy in young FH and non-FH patients post-MI.
Targeting Neutrophil Aging and the Microbiota for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by repeated episodes of vaso-occlusion, in which neutrophils play a primary function through their recruitment in inflamed venules and interactions with sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) via activated αMβ2 integrin (Mac-1). Intravital microscopy analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity in Mac-1 activation on adherent neutrophils, suggesting that subsets of neutrophils differ markedly in their pro-inflammatory activity (Nat Med 2009; 15:384). Recently, we found that aged neutrophils, marked by CD62Llo CXCR4hi, represented an overly active subset exhibiting enhanced Mac-1 activation (Blood 2013; 122:324). To further characterize aged neutrophils, we compared their transcriptome with control and in vivo- activated neutrophils. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that aged neutrophils up-regulated several pathways that were also enhanced during activation, including integrin, leukocyte adhesion, toll-like receptor (TLR), and NFκB signalling pathways (P 10-fold) compared to hemizygous (SA) mice, and the expansion was completely abrogated by microbiota depletion (SA / SCD (SS)-Ctrl / SS-ABX: 71±11 / 981±261 / 124±27 cells per μl blood, P Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Como e porque devemos contabilizar a (e nos responsabilizar pela) violência - uma abordagem reflexiva

Accounting’s role in providing data suggests its impact in making things governable and knowable and this paper reflects on its role in making violence invisible. As critical researchers the consequences of accounting practices on vulnerable populations is of significant import and reporting on women and violence is assessed in this research using global reports, testimonies and data. We find a discourse in global reports minimizing and silencing violence against women while counter accounts reveal a contrasting reality. As such, the dynamics of knowledge creation challenges us to explore the neoliberal construction of data. We suggest alternative formulations adding to an emerging literature of counter-accounts and we reject an inevitability of silence. Rather critical accounts provide pathways for thinking differently and aspiring for change and social justice.
Limited Investor Attention and Earnings-Related Under- and Over-Reactions

We provide a model in which a single psychological constraint, limited investor attention, explains several earnings- and investment-related anomalies. Investor neglect of current-period earnings in forming their valuations induces drift. Neglect of earnings components causes accruals and cash flows to predict abnormal stock returns. Neglect of the incremental forecasting power of other public signals for future earnings causes public information signals such as investment and net operating assets to predict abnormal returns. We derive new untested empirical implications regarding the relative strength of accruals and cash flow anomalies, and the relation between the ability of a public signal to predict returns and its incremental ability to forecast future earnings after controlling for current period earnings.
Do Written Resources Help or Hinder Equitable and Inclusive Physical Activity Promotion

To sensitize individuals, organizations, and communities to the sociostructural barriers individuals with disabilities face, Mace et al. (1997) advanced seven principles of universal design (as ci...
Persistent organic pollutants, metals, and the bacterial community composition associated with microplastics in Muskegon Lake (MI)

Abstract Three different types of microplastics (MPs): low density polyethylene; polypropylene; and polyester, were incubated for one and three months at two sites (Channel and Lake) in Muskegon Lake (MI). After retrieval, MPs were analyzed for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCs), select metals, and genomic characterization of the attached microbial biofilm. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons accumulated at similar levels on all microplastic types, but were ~one order of magnitude lower than sediment concentrations and ~three orders of magnitude lower than the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC): the concentration in sediment above which adverse biological effects are likely to occur. In contrast, PCB levels were 4–6× greater on polyethylene than on polypropylene or polyester, although all plastic-associated PCB concentrations were at least one order of magnitude less than the PEC. Organochlorine pesticide concentrations were very low (
Enhancing Interconnect Reliability and Performance by 2D Materials

Cu is used as the interconnect material in IC chips because of its superior conductivity. However, the diffusion of Cu into the dielectric between two interconnects can cause shorting and create chip failures, while the diffusion to transistors can introduce deep-level traps to Si and affect the transistor performance. Ta/TaN bilayer stacks have been used as diffusion barrier/liner materials to isolate Cu from surrounding intra/inter-layer dielectrics. Along with the scaling of VLSI, the dimensions of interconnects and vias need to be scaled as well. To maximize Cu volume for lower line resistance and reduce the via resistance, the thickness of the barrier/liner bilayer should be scaled accordingly. However, these materials lose their capability of blocking Cu diffusion as their thickness is extremely reduced. In this talk, I will give an overview of diffusion barrier and liner properties of several 2D materials for comparison, then focus on 2D layered tantalum sulfide (TaS x ) with $\sim$1.5 nm thickness that we believe has the potential to replace the conventional TaN/Ta bilayer. The TaS x ultra-thin film is industry-friendly, BEOL-compatible, and can be directly prepared on dielectrics. Our results show superior barrier/liner properties of TaS x compared to the TaN/Ta bilayer. This single-stack material, serving as both a liner and a barrier, will enable continued scaling of interconnects beyond 5 nm node.
Inter-Robot Range Measurements in Pose Graph Optimization

For multiple robots performing exploration in a previously unmapped environment, such as planetary exploration, maintaining accurate localization and building a consistent map are vital. If the robots do not have a map to localize against and do not explore the same area, they may not be able to find visual loop closures to constrain their relative poses, making traditional SLAM impossible. This paper presents a method for using UWB ranging sensors in multi-robot SLAM, which allows the robots to localize and build a map together even without visual loop closures. The ranging measurements are added to the pose graph as edges and used in optimization to estimate the robots' relative poses. This method builds a map using all robots' observations that is consistent and usable. It performs similarly to visual loop closures when they are available, and provides a good map when they are not, which other methods cannot do. The method is demonstrated on PUFFER robots, developed for autonomous planetary exploration, in an unstructured environment.
Woody Vegetation Cover, Attrition, and Patch Metrics over Eight Decades in Central Texas, United States

Abstract Woody plant encroachment into rangeland ecosystems is a widespread and often unwelcomed circumstance affecting rangeland management decisions worldwide. In the rangeland management profession, varying philosophies have been employed in the management of woody plant encroachment. Following World War II, total eradication of woody plant cover was commonly practiced, eventually giving way to a mosaic approach that benefits livestock, wildlife, and recreational objectives, with cover increasing or even stabilizing in many areas. Cultural practices such as land fragmentation, lifestyles not dependent on agricultural income, and shifts in herbivory from predominately browsers to grazers may also be contributing factors. Modern image analysis technologies, such as object-oriented feature extraction and patch metric analyses, can shed light on past paradigm shifts through spectral and textural assessment of modern and historical aerial photography. In this study, woody plant cover and patch metrics were analyzed for a period spanning from 1938 to 1940 through 2018 in the Bennett and Sulphur Creek watersheds of the Lampasas Cut Plain of Central Texas. Object-based feature extraction was used to calculate woody plant cover, and Fragstats was used for landscape patch metrics. Total woody cover was compared with past stewardship paradigms. There was a net decrease of total woody plant cover from 1938 to 1940 through 2018, with variation in between as management paradigms shifted. A pattern of decline, regrowth, and stabilization, like that observed in other research, was noticed for the Bennett Creek watersheds but was not apparent in Sulfur Creek. Patch size/shape varied as well, but fractal patch complexity was relatively stable through time. Raster algebra analysis showed that