cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FOXO3 Growth Inhibition of Colonic Cells Is Dependent on Intraepithelial Lipid Droplet Density

Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3 plays a critical role in suppressing tumor growth, in part, by increasing the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1, and Foxo3 deficiency in mice results in marked colonic epithelial proliferation. Here, we show in Foxo3-deficient colonic epithelial cells a striking increase in intracytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs), a dynamic organelle recently observed in human tumor tissue. Although the regulation and function of LDs in non-adipocytes is unclear, we hypothesize that the anti-proliferative effect of FOXO3 was dependent on lowering LD density, thus decreasing fuel energy in both normal and colon cancer cells. In mouse colonic tumors, we found an increased expression of LD coat protein PLIN2 compared with normal colonic epithelial cells. Stimulation of LD density in human colon cancer cells led to a PI3K-dependent loss of FOXO3 and a decrease in the negative regulator of lipid metabolism in Sirtuin6 (SIRT6). Foxo3 deficiency also led to a decrease in SIRT6, revealing the existence of LD and FOXO3 feedback regulation in colonic cells. In parallel, LD-dependent loss of FOXO3 led to its dissociation from the promoter and decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1. Stimulation of LD density promoted proliferation in colon cancer cells, whereas silencing PLIN2 or overexpression of FOXO3 inhibited proliferation. Taken together, FOXO3 and LDs might serve as new targets for therapeutic intervention of colon cancer.
The cost-effectiveness of noninstitutional long-term care services: review and synthesis of the most recent evidence.

There has been significant expansion and change in the financing, coverage, and delivery of home- and community-based services during the past decade. This article reviews the cost-effectiveness of Medicaid waiver programs, consumer-directed care, capitated models that blend acute and long-term care services, and case management and subsidized community services for individuals with dementia. Generally, these new care models were found to be associated with increased costs, but greater client and caregiver welfare. Depending on the specific features of the program, capitated care models and consumerdirected care were identified as potential mechanisms toward providing services more efficiently. Importantly, however, most recent evaluations have relied on potentially confounded research designs, which leaves open the question of whether the findings relate to the programs or biased selection across the treatment and comparison groups.
RECAPITULATING THE VASCULAR MICROENVIRONMENT IN MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS

The vasculature is regulated by various chemical and mechanical factors. Reproducing these factors in vitro is crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and the development of new therapeutics and delivery techniques. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities to precisely control the level, duration and extent of various cues, providing unprecedented capabilities to recapitulate the vascular microenvironment. In the first part of this article, we review existing microfluidic technology that is capable of controlling both chemical and mechanical factors regulating the vascular microenvironment. In particular, we focus on micro-systems developed for controlling key parameters such as oxygen tension, co-culture, shear stress, cyclic stretch and flow patterns. In the second part of this article, we highlight recent advances that resulted from the use of these microfluidic devices for vascular research.
Positron-emission tomographic imaging of cancer: glucose metabolism and beyond.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an important diagnostic tool in oncology. We briefly review the physics of PET, instrumentation for imaging, and approaches to radiopharmaceutical production. The principles underlying the use of [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are described, and the clinical experience with FDG pertinent to radiation oncology is reviewed. Finally, preliminary studies using PET tracers with greater specificity than FDG for tumor imaging are discussed. Emphasis is placed on underlying principles and those aspects of oncologic PET most applicable to radiation oncology.
Minimax entropy and learning by diffusion

A system of coupled differential equations is formulated which learns priors for modelling "preattentive" textures. It is derived from an energy functional consisting of a linear combination of a large number of terms corresponding to the features that the system is capable of learning. The system learns the parameters associated with each feature by applying gradient ascent to the log-likelihood function. Update of each parameter is thus governed by the residual with respect to the corresponding feature. A feature residual is computed from its observed value and value generated by the system. The latter is calculated from a synthesized sample image, which is generated by means of a reaction-diffusion equation obtained by applying gradient descent to the energy functional.
Peacemaking criminology and counterterrorism: Muslim Americans and the war on terror

Few studies have used an ethnographic research methodology as a means of expanding the fundamental concepts of peacemaking criminology. Sixteen months of fieldwork among a Muslim‐American community in central Florida, gathering data through participant observation and semi‐structured interviews with 443 immigrant and indigenous Muslim Americans, reveal an increased climate of alienation, mistrust, anger, and fear toward law enforcement agencies, and concern on the part of some that the USA PATRIOT Act has diminished the likelihood of Muslim Americans cooperating with police agencies regarding potential terrorism. This paper also examines themes for improving domestic counterterrorism strategies, including the need for law enforcement agencies to make an effort to educate themselves on the basic tenets of Islam, along with its diverse customs and culture, to establish an open active dialogue with community members, and to sustain a relationship with the Muslim‐American community based on the foundational c...
Phosphorus limitation on nitrogen fixation by Facaltaria seedlings.

The growth of nitrogen-fixing trees is often limited by the available supply of phosphorus (P) in the soil, and any factor limiting growth may also limit rates of N fixation. We examined the effect of additions of N and P fertilizer on rates of growth and N fixation of seedlings of Facaltaria moluccana (Miquel) Barneby and Grimes, using soils from 18-year-old monoculture plantations of Facaltaria or non-N-fixing Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.). No differences were found for the influence of the Facaltaria versus Eucalyptus on the soils. Seedling mass was not affected by addition of N, whereas P additions increased seedling mass by 75%. The influence of added P on N fixation was even larger, more than doubling estimates of N fixation based on 15 N pool dilution and closed-system acetylene reduction assays. A new open-system method for acetylene reduction assays correlated very well with the
The Meaning and Measurement of Creativity

Creativity researchers are often accused of not knowing what they are talking about. The definition and assessment of creativity have long been a subject of disagreement and dissatisfaction among psychologists, creating a criterion problem that researchers have tried to solve in a variety of ways. Some have proposed that creativity can be identified with particular, specifiable features of products or persons or thought processes. Others have suggested that creativity be defined by the quality of the response that a product elicits from an observer. And there are those who suggest that creativity cannot be defined— that it is unknown and unknowable. I will argue in this chapter that, in different ways, each of these approaches can be useful for solving the criterion problem in creativity research.
Adhesive enabling technology for directly plating copper onto glass

An economical and reliable copper metallization of dimensionally stable, non-conductive substrates, such as glass and ceramic, is becoming a major focus in electronic packaging technologies. Conventionally, adhesion on these substrates is achieved either by sputtering a thin metallic adhesive (Ti, Cr) followed by a copper seed layer or by high temperature lamination. This study has demonstrated that a metal oxide adhesion promoter (MOAP) layer functions as a strong adhesion layer between Cu and glass/ceramic, even when Cu films are formed near room temperature. In this new approach a 10–200 nm thick adhesive metal oxide layer is deposited by a modified sol gel process followed by sintering, thus enabling electroless, and galvanic metal plating directly on glass/ceramic. With the new approach, Cu can be plated on different glass types or glass with different roughness. The new approach also can be used on ceramics such as Al2O 3 and BaTiO 3 . Cu film thickness of over 50 μm can be applied without delamination. Adhesion at 15 μm Cu thickness as measured by 90° peel strength tests can achieve 5 N/cm or even higher values. The plated layer stands up well to reflow shock (260C) and HAST without significant loss of adhesion. Good coverage of MOAP and adhesion have been also demonstrated inside the via holes of patterned substrates without indication of blockages by the process. Reliable adhesion of copper to glass is a major hurdle for the entry of glass substrates into the electronic packaging market. Otherwise, glass is a strong competitor to organic substrates due to its superior flatness, dimensional stability, thermal and dielectric properties. These are essential requirements for high density interconnects, high speed signal transfer and IC substrate packaging. Typically, adhesion on non-conductive substrates is often achieved by sputtering a thin metallic adhesive (Ti, Cr) and copper seed layer or by mechanical anchoring. However, sputtering requires high vacuum technology which has a relatively low throughput and high capital investment cost. Besides, the thickness of the galvanic copper layer constitutes a major challenge leading to its facile delamination from the glass. Mechanical anchoring, on the other hand, requires strong roughening of the substrate surface which negatively impacts the functionality of the metallized surface and the roughening process is difficult to control due to the variable glass compositions. Moreover, the improvements in adhesion that come from such treatments on glass substrates have not always been significant. The use of sol-gel deposition to produce a thin film layer on substrates is widely known in the semiconductor industry. A metal oxide based sol-gel process, which retains the original flatness of the substrate, is discussed in this paper.
Colloidal InSb Nanocrystals

We report the colloidal synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals (NCs) of InSb, which is an important member of III–V semiconductor family. Colloidal InSb NC quantum dots showed well-resolved excitonic transitions in the near-infrared spectral range, with the optical band gaps tunable from ∼1.03 eV (1200 nm) to ∼0.71 eV (1750 nm) corresponding to 3.3 and 6.5 nm InSb NCs, respectively. We observed size-tunable band edge photoluminescence that could be significantly enhanced by growing InSb/CdSe or InSb/CdS core–shell nanostructures. Films of InSb NCs capped with S2– ions showed ambipolar charge transport.
EFFECTS OF EXTENDED-RELEASE NIACIN ON LIPOPROTEIN-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 LEVELS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND LOW BASELINE LEVELS OF HDL-CHOLESTEROL: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE AIM HIGH TRIAL

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an inflammatory marker that has been associated with the presence of vulnerable plaque and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, but there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of niacin on Lp-PLA2 activity and clinical outcomes. We
Can operating time be used as a method of planning a plastic surgeon's operating list and assessing performance ?

Analysis of a consultant plastic surgeons elective theatre list over a 1-year period with a view to estimating case number, case work load and operating times indicated that the latter cannot be reliably used as a performance indicator. While operating time can be of interest in planning the composition of a theatre session, more useful information can be obtained by assessing work load in conjunction with the case numbers. Various problems in using the BUPA intermediate equivalent values for workload are outlined.
Pyomyoma after uterine instrumentation : A case report

BACKGROUND : Since 1945, only 10 cases of pyomyoma have been described in the literature. Four were related to pregnancy but none to elective abortion or uterine instrumentation. CASE : A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a history of lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and low grade fever with a past medical history significant for uterine leiomyomata and a second-trimester elective abortion 10 weeks prior to admission. Pelvic sonography demonstrated an enlarged uterus with a mass consisting of cystic and solid components. Uterine curettage revealed blood clots and scanty endometrial tissue. After no improvement following antibiotic therapy and nondiagnostic uterine curettage, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. It revealed peritonitis with multiple pyomyomas draining purulent material. CONCLUSION : Although rarely reported, pyomyoma should be considered in the setting of a recent history of uterine instrumentation, signs of infection and a uterine myoma.
Motion Compensation in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imaging

Ideally, the receiving array in any synthetic aperture imaging system will follow a linear trajectory during aperture formation. However, medium turbulence and currents will necessarily deflect the platform from the ideal trajectory. Uncompensated error between the ideal trajectory and the true trajectory of a fraction of an acoustic wavelength will cause a loss in phase coherence over the synthetic aperture and degrade the ensuing image. Hence, deviations from the ideal trajectory, and the corresponding phase errors, should be estimated and compensated to realize the improved resolution possible from synthetic aperture correlations.1
Couple-Focused Prevention at the Transition to Parenthood, a Randomized Trial: Effects on Coparenting, Parenting, Family Violence, and Parent and Child Adjustment

The transition to parenthood is a stressful period for most parents as individuals and as couples, with variability in parent mental health and couple relationship functioning linked to children's long-term emotional, mental health, and academic outcomes. Few couple-focused prevention programs targeting this period have been shown to be effective. The purpose of this study was to test the short-term efficacy of a brief, universal, transition-to-parenthood intervention (Family Foundations) and report the results of this randomized trial at 10 months postpartum. This was a randomized controlled trial; 399 couples expecting their first child were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions after pretest. Intervention couples received a manualized nine-session (five prenatal and four postnatal classes) psychoeducational program delivered in small groups. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that intervention couples demonstrated better posttest levels than control couples on more than two thirds of measures of coparenting, parent mental health, parenting, child adjustment, and family violence. Program effects on family violence were particularly large. Of eight outcome variables that did not demonstrate main effects, seven showed moderated intervention impact; such that, intervention couples at higher levels of risk during pregnancy showed better outcomes than control couples at similar levels of risk. These findings replicate a prior smaller study of Family Foundations, indicating that the Family Foundations approach to supporting couples making the transition to parenthood can have broad impact for parents, family relationships, and children's adjustment. Program effects are consistent and benefit all families, with particularly notable effects for families at elevated prenatal risk.
Operative Risk for Major Lung Resection Increases at Extremes of Body Mass Index

Background Although body mass index (BMI) has been used in risk stratification for lung resection, many models only take obesity into account. Recent studies have demonstrated that underweight patients also experience increased postoperative complications. We explored the relationship of extremes of BMI to outcomes after lung resection for non-small cell cancer. Methods Patients in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (2009 to 2014) undergoing elective lung resection for cancer were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders including functional status and spirometry. Results We evaluated 41,446 patients (median 68 years of age; 53% female) grouped by BMI: underweight ( Conclusions BMI is associated with postoperative complications after lung resection for cancer. Being underweight or severely overweight is associated with an increased risk of complications, whereas being overweight or moderately obese appears to have a protective effect.
Preparing Culturally Responsive Teachers: Effective Practices in Teacher Education

ABSTRACTDespite the growing diversity in our nation’s schools, many teacher educators avoid discussions on diversity issues for myriad reasons. As a result, numerous preservice teachers lack quality learning opportunities to become well versed on issues of diversity in meaningful ways that can translate to P-12 practice. This article elaborates on instructional practices and resources used by teacher educators who, grounded in an understanding of diversity awareness and identity development as well as culturally relevant pedagogy, are actively preparing the next generation of teachers who are culturally responsive.
Mostly Benign/Rarely Metastasizing

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a very uncommon soft tissue lesion that can occur anywhere in the body, but most commonly in the lower extremity. While most tumors are benign, malignant examples may metastasize in more than half of cases [1]. The largest series to date included only typical cases, excluding tumors with other morphologies, and in that series there were no patients who developed metastatic disease. In the few patients that we have observed recurrences, metastases are observed, typically to lung, and local–regional recurrence can be observed in a multifocal “shotgun” pattern around the area of the tumor, as has been observed in patients with epithelioid sarcoma.
Application of Fracture Mechanics to Steel Connections in Moment Frames under Seismic Loading

The 6.8 magnitude Northridge earthquake that shook California's San Fernando Valley on January 17 in 1994, did not cause the collapse of any steel structures but connections, confidently designed a...
Association Between Socio-Ecological Risk Factor Clustering and Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems in Hispanic Adolescents

Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic adolescents in the U.S. report higher rates of several mental, emotional, and behavioral problems such as substance use, sexual risk behaviors, and internalizing and externalizing problems. There is evidence of common pathways in the development of mental, emotional, and behavioral problems with certain subgroups of Hispanic adolescents being at greater risk. In the present article, we report analysis of baseline data for 959 Hispanic adolescents who participated in one of two randomized controlled trials evaluating a family-based preventive intervention. Utilizing latent class analysis, we identified subgroups of Hispanic adolescents based on socio-ecological risk and protective factors (e.g., parent–adolescent communication, parental involvement in school). Three distinct socio-ecological risk subgroups (high, medium, and low risk) were identified and exhibited significant differences from each other across a majority of socio-ecological risk and protective factors. Adolescents in higher socio-ecological risk subgroups reported greater mental, emotional, and behavioral problems across all outcomes. Individual comparisons revealed significant differences between the low socio-ecological risk group and both the medium and high socio-ecological risk group in lifetime alcohol use, smoking, and sex, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. Implications for intervention include focusing on specific risk subgroups and targeting shared risk and protective factors rather than specific mental, emotional, and behavioral outcomes.
Rituximab hypersensitivity reactions (HSR): Predictors of recurrent and severe reactions based on severity of reaction, NHL histologic subtype, and burden of disease.

e18520 Background: Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with efficacy in B-cell malignancies. Grade II-IV HSR occur in 5-10% of patients. There are no data to predict which patients are at...
Enantioselective Intermolecular Addition of Aliphatic Amines to Acyclic Dienes with a Pd–PHOX Catalyst

We report a method for the catalytic, enantioselective intermolecular addition of aliphatic amines to acyclic 1,3-dienes. In most cases, reactions proceed efficiently at or below room temperature in the presence of 5 mol % of a Pd catalyst bearing a PHOX ligand, generating allylic amines in up to 97:3 er. The presence of an electron-deficient phosphine within the ligand not only leads to a more active catalyst but also is critical for achieving high site selectivity in the transformation.
How Exemplary Teaching Physicians Interact with Hospitalized Patients.

BACKGROUND Effectively interacting with patients defines the consummate clinician. OBJECTIVE As part of a broader study, we examined how 12 carefully selected attending physicians interacted with patients during inpatient teaching rounds. DESIGN A multisite study using an exploratory, qualitative approach. PARTICIPANTS Exemplary teaching physicians were identified using modified snowball sampling. Of 59 potential participants, 16 were contacted, and 12 agreed to participate. Current and former learners of the participants were also interviewed. Participants were from hospitals located throughout the United States. INTERVENTION Two researchers-a physician and a medical anthropologist-conducted 1-day site visits, during which they observed teaching rounds and patient-physician interactions and interviewed learners and attendings. MEASUREMENTS Field notes were taken during teaching rounds. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and code reports were generated. RESULTS The attendings generally exhibited the following 3 thematic behaviors when interacting with patients: (1) care for the patient's well-being by being a patient advocate and forming a bond with the patient; (2) consideration of the "big picture" of the patient's medical and social situation by anticipating what the patient may need upon discharge and inquiring about the patient's social situation; and (3) respect for the patient through behaviors such as shaking hands with the patient and speaking with the patient at eye level by sitting or kneeling. CONCLUSIONS The key findings of our study (care for the patient's well-being, consideration of the "big picture," and respect for the patient) can be adopted and honed by physicians to improve their own interactions with hospitalized patients.
Studying how Cetaceans use Sound to Explore their Environment

Many biologists implicitly assume that mechanisms for echolocation and communication are separate and compartmentalized. For example, the high-frequency vocal and auditory specializations of dolphins are typically only discussed in terms of echolocation and the low-frequency sounds of baleen whales are usually presented as signals for long-range communication. However, signals that evolved for one purpose may develop other functions. Some porpoises appear to use rhythmic patterns of “echolocation” clicks as communicative signals. When a whale makes a low-frequency sound for communication, the sound may echo from the seafloor and possibly provide the whale with important information about its environment. Research on the evolution of echolocation in marine mammals suffers from a dearth of studies of ecological function and from a lack of broad comparative reviews. If studies of marine mammal sonar included more analysis of the problems for which sonar may have evolved, we might discover fascinating new kinds of biosonar. For example, low-frequency sound is better suited than high frequency for long-range sonar in the sea, and many targets of great importance to marine mammals, such as large bathymetric features and fish with resonant swim bladders are also well suited to low-frequency sonar. Some marine mammals have the skills required to engage in bistatic sonar, in which one animal may listen to how the sounds of another individual are modified by the environment. Targets such as concentrations of fish with resonant swim bladders may absorb more energy than they scatter, leading to significant advantages for bistatic sonar in a forward propagation mode. These examples blend features typically associated with the domains of sonar and communication. I suggest that auditory and vocal skills evolved to function in one of these domains may preadapt animals for developing abilities in the other domain. Vocal learning, in particular, is required for many forms of sonar, and it also enables the evolution of very different communication systems than are possible when vocal output is unaffected by auditory input.
The Technical Committee on Musical Acoustics: Diverse membership with a common interest

The Technical Committee on Musical Acoustics is concerned with the application of science and technology to the field of music. Topics of current interest include the physics of musical sound production, music perception and cognition, and analysis and synthesis of musical sounds. TCMU is an interdisciplinary committee with ties to architectural, psychological and physiological, signal processing, speech, physical, and structural acoustics. Members of the committee represent a variety of backgrounds and interests, yet are united by a common interest in understanding all aspects of the science of music.
Scatter Factor/HGF and c-Met in Glioblastoma

Abstract The discovery of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the early 1980s was followed by years of research into its role as an essential factor for normal human growth and development as well as its putative role in neoplasia signaling. The recognition that HGF and its tyrosine kinase receptor, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) factor, constitute an essential signaling pathway in many cancers led to the development of corresponding targeted therapies. The signaling mediated by the HGF/c-Met system mediates crucial downstream effects in gliomas and is therefore considered a highly important target in these tumors. This review examines the research into the HGF/c-Met pathway in cancer with a focus on gliomas.
Music Notation as a MEI Feasibility Test

This project demonstrated that enough information can be retrieved from MEI, an XML format for musical information representation, to transform it into music notation with good fidelity. The process involved writing an XSLT script to transform files into Mup, an intermediate format, then processing the Mup into PostScript, the de facto page description language for high-quality printing. The results show that the MEI format represents musical information such that it may be retrieved simply, with good recall and precision.
The Threefold Way

This essay is a study in the phenomenology of conception as distinguished from the more familiar phenomenology of perception. Its concern is with a particular resource of our cognitive strategy - one conceptual instrumentality for thinking about the nature of things. It investigates the idea that in contemplating the various aspects of the world’s arrangements, one can operate at three distinct “levels of consideration”: the levels of immediacy, proximity, and totality - of what is immediately at hand here and now, of what stands in the nearer offing at only a modest distance, and of what lies in the more distant and “visionary” reaches of an all-encompassing whole.
Neuere Methoden in der Marktforschung

In den letzten zehn Jahren hat sich das Denken und Handeln in Wirtschaftsforschung und -praxis grundsatzlich gewandelt. Planung, Organisation und Kontrolle erfolgen in einer Wirtschaft des Uberflusses nicht mehr primar produktionsorientiert, sondern mehr marktorientiert. Diese Tatsache ist grostenteils zuruckzufuhren auf bestimmte Sattigungserscheinungen in vielen Konsumguterbereichen, auf das zunehmende Verbraucherbewustsein, die daraus resultierenden Forderungen nach hoherer Lebensqualitat und nicht zuletzt auf die standig zunehmende Verscharfung der Wettbewerbssituation.
Transparent conducting PbO2 films prepared by activated reactive evaporation.

Transparent conducting lead-oxide and bismuth-doped lead-oxide films are prepared by activated reactive evaporation. The films are found to have properties comparable with those reported for other transparent conducting metal-oxide-semiconductor films. The undoped ${\mathrm{PbO}}_{2}$ films are found to have an optical transmittance in the visible and IR reflectance equal to \ensuremath{\approxeq}60% and \ensuremath{\approxeq}20%, respectively, while bismuth doping increases the transmittance to \ensuremath{\approxeq}73% and the IR reflectance to \ensuremath{\approxeq}50%. The resistivities of undoped and bismuth-doped films are \ensuremath{\approxeq}${10}^{2}$ and ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ \ensuremath{\Omega} -cm. The vacuum annealing of these films increases the visible transmittance, IR reflectance, and optical band gap to \ensuremath{\approxeq}63%, 35% and 2.94 eV for undoped films and 80%, 77% and 3.4 eV for bismuth-doped films, respectively; while the resistivity of the films decreases to \ensuremath{\approxeq}2 \ensuremath{\Omega} cm for undoped and \ensuremath{\approxeq}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ \ensuremath{\Omega} cm for bismuth-doped films. The effect of other annealing ambients, such as air, oxygen, and hydrogen, on the electrical properties of these films is also studied.
Forced-Convection Heat Transfer to Nitrogen in the Vicinity of the Critical Point

In the field of cryogenics, liquid nitrogen has become one of the most commonly used fluids because of its low cost and ease of handling. Most of these uses involve cooldown of equipment and, because of its low cost, such systems are seldom optimized from the standpoint of nitrogen consumption. However, new uses for this cryogen are continually being developed and many of these uses require heat-transfer data. Very little such data exists for cryogenic nitrogen except in the case of pool boiling. The purpose of the present investigation was to study forced-convection heat transfer to nitrogen in the vicinity of its critical point. This area was chosen since deviations from expected behavior are more likely to occur in this region than in any other region.
Effect of timolol maleate on the retinal circulation of human eyes with ocular hypertension.

We studied the effect of topical timolol maleate 0.5% on the retinal circulation of eyes with ocular hypertension using laser Doppler velocimetry and monochromatic fundus photography. Patients with ocular hypertension had normal eye examinations and had documented elevated intraocular pressures of 23 mmHg or higher on two or more separate occasions. In a double-masked randomized design, one eye of each subject received timolol maleate 0.5% and the fellow eye received placebo. Vessel diameter, maximum velocity of red blood cells, and volumetric blood flow rate were determined in a major retinal vein of each eye just prior to the instillation of drops, and then 2 hr later. In comparison to the baseline value, there was an increase of 12.0% in average red blood cell velocity (P < 0.005, statistically significant) and of 8.4% in volumetric blood flow rate in the timolol-treated eyes (P < 0.05, statistically significant). No significant changes in these quantities were observed in the placebotreated eyes. Also, no significant change in venous diameter was detected in the placebo- and the timolol-treated eyes. In comparison to the baseline, a significantly larger increase in red blood cell velocity was observed in the timolol-treated eyes than in the placebo-treated eyes (P < 0.05). The difference between the increase in blood flow observed in the timolol-treated eyes and the placebotreated eyes achieved a probability value of P = 0.058. The increase in blood flow observed in the timolol-treated eyes may be related to the increase in perfusion pressure produced by this drug. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:521-526,1990
Risk factors for pressure ulcer development in a best practice surgical intensive care unit.

We describe the incidence of and define risk factors for pressure ulcers (PU) in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Twelve months of data were collected on all patients admitted to the intensivist-run surgical ICU of a university hospital. PU patients were those who developed a new stage II or greater lesion during or after a surgical ICU stay as identified in Project Impact, ICD9 discharge, or ICU complications databases. Patients were nursed in pressure-relieving beds with nutrition initiated by 72 hours. Chi2, t test, and logistic regression statistics were used. Three percent (25/820) developed PU. Age, ICU length of stay, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score (APACHE), and gender were not different between those with and without PU. Patients with PU had a higher blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (30.5/2.2 mg/dL vs 22.0/1.6 mg/dL) and were more frequently vascular patients (28 vs 14.1%), diabetics (40 vs 17.2%), paraplegics (8 vs 0.2%) (all P 60 years (OR 2.9, 95%, CI 1.2-7.1), and a creatinine >3 mg/dL (OR 3.7, 95%, CI 1.2-9.3) were independent predictors of PU. Despite universal use of specialty beds and early nutrition, pressure ulcers developed in 3 per cent. Independent risk factors include age greater than 60 years, diabetes, spinal cord injury, and renal insufficiency. Additional modalities, such as aggressive early mobilization, might be warranted in this cohort.
Assuaging listener distress from patient death rattle.

Death rattle is a naturally occurring patient condition during the last hours of life developing in about 45% of patients (1,2).
Gender Differences and Similarities: Autism Symptomatology and Developmental Functioning in Young Children.

A growing body of research suggests that symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present differently in males and females. This study examined gender differences in ASD symptoms and developmental functioning, using the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtism Traits, Part 1 (BISCUIT-Part 1) and the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-2), amongst children aged 17–37 months meeting ASD diagnostic criteria (n = 1317). No gender differences were found in regards to overall symptom severity or symptom domains on the BISCUIT-Part 1 when gender groups were matched by cognitive ability. Females with ASD had greater motor deficits and less communication impairment compared to their male counterparts as measured by the BDI-2. Secondary analyses examining item endorsement patterns were also conducted. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Rare Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

Rare lymphoma includes the entities that occur in less than 1% of cases of all lymphomas. Although the percentage is low, there are more than eight lymphomas classified as rare lymphomas. This article describes clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the most common rare lymphomas, including primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma, extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
‘Patch by Patch’: Devotional Culture in the Himalayas as Seen through Early Modern Kashmiri Paintings of Muslim Saints

Taking an album (muraqqa’) featuring portraits of Muslim saints as a case study, this essay presents a hitherto unexamined dimension of early modern painting from Kashmir. Thematic and stylistic an...
ν solution to the strong C P problem

We present a solution to the strong $CP$ problem in which the imaginary component of the up quark mass, $\mathcal{I}[{m}_{u}]$, acquires a tiny, but nonvanishing value. This is achieved via a Dirac seesaw mechanism, which is also responsible for the generation of the small neutrino masses. Consistency with the observed value of the up quark mass is achieved via instanton contributions arising from QCD-like interactions, as is the case in the closely related massless up-quark solution to the strong $CP$ problem. In our framework, however, the value of the neutron electric dipole moment is directly related to $\mathcal{I}[{m}_{u}]$, which, due to its common origin with the neutrino masses, implies that the neutron electric dipole moment is likely to be measured in the next round of experiments. We also present a supersymmetric extension of this Dirac seesaw model to stabilize the hierarchy among the scalar mass scales involved in this mechanism.
Probing micro-plastic items with coherent light enables their identification through digital holography

Detection of micro-plastics in water samples is a highly pursued goal to map the distribution and abundance of these pollutants. Here we investigate the possibility to probe micro-plastics with coherent light and to image them by digital holography microscopy. From the recorded hologram, we access the phase-contrast map of the object. We show that this map can be used as a distinctive fingerprint to identify microplastics in water.
Devilish deals: art, research, and activism with/in the institution

ABSTRACTThe annual ethnographic performance SJS-Who? is an example of how theatre may survive or even thrive in an educational/institutional environment that seems increasingly indifferent to the a...
The Progression and Impact of the Sharing Economy; a Preface

Even though most people still prefer ownership, it may not be the most practical mode of consumption in many situations anymore, especially for the younger generations. A recent survey revealed tha...
Re-engineering the Enigma cipher

The design of this thesis is to re-engineer the Enigma cipher to make it a viable, secure cipher for use on current computers. The goal is to create a cipher based on an antiquated mechanical cryptography device, the Enigma Machine, in software and
A seasonal dynamic measurement model for summer learning loss

Research conducted in US schools shows summer learning loss in test scores. If this summer loss is not incorporated into models of student ability growth, assumptions will be violated because fall scores will be overestimated and spring scores will be underestimated, which can be particularly problematic when evaluating teacher or school effectiveness. Statistical methods for summer loss have remained relatively undeveloped and often rely on lagged‐time or piecewise models, which commonly saturate the mean structure and become reparameterizations of empirical means. Compound polynomial models have recently been introduced and simultaneously model within‐year and between‐year growth processes in test scores. However, these models operate with polynomial functions of time, which can have limited interpretative utility. In this article, we propose incorporating seasonality within the dynamic measurement modelling (DMM) framework. DMM reparametrizes non‐linear growth models to directly estimate interpretable quantities (e.g. learning capacity as an upper asymptote on growth). Borrowing from ecological models proposed for body mass of cold‐climate species, we show how DMM can incorporate seasonality to provide more interpretable parameters as well as to explicitly include summer learning loss as a parameter in the model.
Racial and ethnic disparities in subjective cognitive decline: a closer look, United States, 2015–2018

Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance may be a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the association of AD with dependence and disability for a long duration, earlier the detection, the sooner people and their families can receive information regarding better management. It is critical to explore disparities amongst racial and ethnic populations with SCD in order to facilitate targeted interventions. The primary objective was to identify disparities in prevalence of SCD amongst Whites, Blacks and Hispanics by select sociodemographic characteristics and functional limitations in a U.S. population-based sample of non-institutionalized adults aged 45 and older. The secondary objective was to assess the association between SCD and select chronic conditions (angina, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol) by race/ethnicity. Methods Combined data (2015-2018) were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to conduct a population -based study. Analyses included 179,852 respondents aged 45 years or older who answered the SCD screening question as "yes" (n = 19,276) or "no" (n = 160,576). Descriptive statistics examined sociodemographic characteristics including functional limitations amongst racial/ethnic groups with SCD. Association of SCD with chronic conditions by race/ethnicity was also calculated. Results Overall, 10.8% (CI: 10.6-11.1) of adults aged 45 years or older reported SCD.10.7% Whites, 12.3% Blacks and 9.9% Hispanics experienced SCD. Blacks and Hispanics with SCD were more likely to be in the younger age group (45-54 years), less educated, low income, without access to health care, living alone and with functional limitations. Only half had discussed cognitive decline with a health care professional. Prevalence of selected chronic conditions was significantly higher in all racial/ethnic groups with SCD. Conclusions Demographic trends predict a larger proportion of Hispanics and Blacks with SCD in the coming years. This information can lead to identification of opportunities for addressing negative SCD outcomes in minorities affected by inequitable conditions.
The Efficacy Of 5 Topical Spray Treatments For Control Of Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis In Dairy Herds

Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD or Footwarts) is prevalent on California dairies. The prevalence on some dairies exceeds 50%. An effective and long-lasting treatment for digital dermatitis is needed to minimize the need for repeated treatments. The objective of our treatment trials was to test the efficacy of antimicrobics (Oxytetracycline and Lincomycin/Spectinomycin) at 2 concentrations and 1 astringent (RotNot ™) on footwart lesions in dairy cows over a 90 day observation period.
68(GA)DOTATATE PET-Based Radiation Volumes Demonstrate Increased Precision Compared to MRI Based Volumes for Meningioma Patients.

Purpose/Objective(s) Radiation treatment planning for meningioma conventionally involves MRI contrast enhanced images to define residual tumor. However, the gross tumor volume may be difficult to delineate for patients with a meningioma in the skull base, sagittal sinus, or post resection. Advanced PET imaging using 68(GA)DOTATATE PET, which has been shown to be more sensitive and specific than MRI imaging, can be used for target volume delineation in these circumstances. We hypothesize that 68(GA)DOTATATE PET scan-based treatment planning will lead to differences in radiation treatment volumes and will be more precise compared to standard MRI alone. Materials/Methods Our study evaluated retrospective, deidentified, and blinded gross tumor volume (GTV) contour delineation of 5 CNS specialists (3 neuroradiologists, 2 CNS radiation oncologists) for 26 patients diagnosed with a meningioma who received both a 68(GA)DOTATATE PET and an MRI for radiation treatment planning. Both the MRI and the PET-based GTV were non-sequentially contoured by each physician for each patient. We defined a significant difference in volume delineation if there was > 100% difference in contoured volume found for 80% of physicians or more when comparing MRI and PET. A PET only lesion was defined as any lesion not seen on MRI but delineated on PET imaging by at least 80% of physicians. This lesion would need to be non-adjacent to the MRI based contours for the same patient. Results The mean volume of MRI based contours was 12.5 ccs (range 0.55-62 ccs). The mean volume for PET directed contours was 13.7 ccs (range 0.24-94 ccs). We found 15/26 (58%) patients had at least a 100% difference in volume between PET and MRI for 80% of physician contours. 8/26 (31%) patients had new non-adjacent areas contoured on PET that were not contoured by these physicians on the corresponding MRI. These new areas would not have been in the traditional MRI based volumes. Conclusion We found a significant difference in PET based volumes with 58% showing major differences in volume and 31% showing new areas not seen on MRI. This has major implications on tumor control. Our study supports that 68(GA)DOTATATE PET imaging can help radiation oncologist be more precise with radiation treatment volumes. Utilization of 68(GA)DOTATATE PET may find undetected areas of disease which in turn can improve local control and progression free survival. 68(GA)DOTATATE PET guided treatment planning should be studied prospectively.
Culture and Psychotherapy

In its broadest sense, culture refers to the sum of socially learned behaviors, attitudes, values, symbols, systems of thought, and concepts of the universe that distinguish one individual or group of people from another. Culture is both universal and particular; no individual is immune from the effects of culture or is totally dominated by it. A growing movement toward including multicultural perspectives in the development, evaluation, and provision of psychotherapy seeks to recognize the fundamental importance of culture in shaping the incidence, expression, and subjective interpretation of psychological distress, as well as remedy the significant deficits of established therapeutic methods and practices developed according to White European-American, middle-class norms and perspectives. Keywords: cross-cultural psychotherapy; cultural accommodation; ethnic matching; multicultural competence