cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilinguals Show Weaker Lexical Access During Spoken Sentence Comprehension

When bilinguals process written language, they show delays in accessing lexical items relative to monolinguals. The present study investigated whether this effect extended to spoken language comprehension, examining the processing of sentences with either low or high semantic constraint in both first and second languages. English-German bilinguals, German-English bilinguals and English monolinguals listened for target words in spoken English sentences while their eye-movements were recorded. Bilinguals’ eye-movements reflected weaker lexical access relative to monolinguals; furthermore, the effect of semantic constraint differed across first versus second language processing. Specifically, English-native bilinguals showed fewer overall looks to target items, regardless of sentence constraint; German-native bilinguals activated target items more slowly and maintained target activation over a longer period of time in the low-constraint condition compared with monolinguals. No eye movements to cross-linguistic competitors were observed, suggesting that these lexical access disadvantages were present during bilingual spoken sentence comprehension even in the absence of overt interlingual competition.
Comparison of intersubband GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well infrared photodetectors on GaAs and GaAs-on-Si substrates

We have successfully fabricated intersubband GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors grown on GaAs-on-Si substrate and evaluated their structural, electrical, and optical characteristics. We have found that the performance is comparable to a similar detector structure grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate.
Relating patient characteristics at the time of admission to outcomes of hospitalization

In clinical practice, physicians informally address patient characteristics such as illness severity, comorbidity, functional status and stability when considering prognosis and diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. These same attributes, more formally measured, have been used as measures of casemix in clinical research to classify patients into similar risk strata. To determine whether physician estimates of illness severity, function status and stability were predictive of morbidity, mortality, length of stay and average daily ancillary charges, a cohort of 604 patients was studied. The predictive ability of the patient characteristics were found to be outcome specific. Illness severity was a significant predictor of in-hospital morbidity and mortality, length of stay and charges (p less than 0.001). Functional status was predictive of in-hospital morbidity and mortality, 1 year mortality, length of stay and charges (p less than 0.01). Physician estimates of stability were predictive only of morbidity (p less than 0.01) and comorbidity was only a preditor of 1 year mortality (p less than 0.001). Stratifying patients on the basis of specific clinical characteristics determined at the time of admission will be useful in studies of patient outcomes and resource utilization.
Extracellular pH and herpes simplex virus multiplication.

SummaryExtracellular pH in the range 5.5 to 8.0 affects the yields of Herpes simplex virus obtained after one reproductive cycle in HEp-2 cells. For 3 strains of virus the extracellular pH for maximum yields are 6.5–6.7, 7.0, and 7.2–7.3, respectively. The data show that (a) extracellular pH for optimal virus multiplication is determined by the genetic constitution of the virus, and (b) HEp-2 cells support viral macromolecular synthesis when incubated in a medium buffered at pH as low as 6.0, i.e., below the pH range for optimal cell multiplication and maintenance.
Molecular cloning of theEscherichiacoli gene encoding xylose isomerase

A 2.4 Kb DNA fragment restricted from a Clarke-Carbon ColEl plasmid, pLC32-9, containing the xylose isomerase gene has been inserted into the PstI site of pDB248, a shuttle plasmid between the bacteriumE.coli and the fission yeast,Schizosaccharomycespombe. This recombinant plasmid, pDB248-XI, can genetically complement xylose isomerase deficientE.coli strains and xylose isomerase gene can be expressed inSchizosaccharomycespombe.
ADEM-DIOS: an SCF convergence algorothm for difficult cases

Abstract We present an SCF convergence algorithm which we call ADEM-DIOS for accelerated direct energy minimization-direct inversion in the optimized subspace. This method employs the direct energy minimization (steepest descent) procedure outlined by Seeger and Pople to generate a set of “optimized” approximate solutions that form a basis for a least squares interpolation based on the DIIS method of Pulay. In all of our test cases, which we chose because damped Roothaan—Hall iterations, ordinary DIIS, level shifting, and variable metric second-order optimization failed to bring about convergence, the ADEM-DIOS method achieved convergence in a fraction of the number of steps required when direct energy minimization was used alone. This method can be thought of as being essentially the DIIS convergence acceleration technique applied to an “iterative subspace” generated by the direct energy minimization procedure. While we do not expect ADEM-DIOS to be significantly faster per cycle than second-order optimization algorithms based on Bacskay's method, the convergence ability of ADEM-DIOS is insensitive to the initial parameter set and should be more applicable in difficult cases. We consider th usefulness of this new algorithm to be in those cases in which other algorithms have difficulty in achieving convergence.
Potato tuber cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes: biochemical properties, activity, and expression during tuber dormancy progression

The enzymatic and biochemical properties of the proteins encoded by five potato cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX)-like genes functionally expressed in yeast and the effects of tuber dormancy progression on StCKX expression and cytokinin metabolism were examined in lateral buds isolated from field-grown tubers. All five putative StCKX genes encoded proteins with in vitro CKX activity. All five enzymes were maximally active at neutral to slightly alkaline pH with 2,6-dichloro-indophenol as the electron acceptor. In silico analyses indicated that four proteins were likely secreted. Substrate dependence of two of the most active enzymes varied; one exhibiting greater activity with isopentenyl-type cytokinins while the other was maximally active with cis-zeatin as a substrate. [(3)H]-isopentenyl-adenosine was readily metabolized by excised tuber buds to adenine/adenosine demonstrating that CKX was active in planta. There was no change in apparent in planta CKX activity during either natural or chemically forced dormancy progression. Similarly although expression of individual StCKX genes varied modestly during tuber dormancy, there was no clear correlation between StCKX gene expression and tuber dormancy status. Thus although CKX gene expression and enzyme activity are present in potato tuber buds throughout dormancy, they do not appear to play a significant role in the regulation of cytokinin content during tuber dormancy progression.
An investigation of the mechanisms of electronic sensing of protein adsorption on carbon nanotube devices.

It has been reported that protein adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (FETs) leads to appreciable changes in the electrical conductance of the devices, a phenomenon that can be exploited for label-free detection of biomolecules with a high potential for miniaturization. This work presents an elucidation of the electronic biosensing mechanisms with a newly developed microarray of nanotube “micromat” sensors. Chemical functionalization schemes are devised to block selected components of the devices from protein adsorption, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))thiol (mPEG-SH) on the metal electrodes (Au, Pd) and PEG-containing surfactants on the nanotubes. Extensive characterization reveals that electronic effects occurring at the metal−nanotube contacts due to protein adsorption constitute a more significant contribution to the electronic biosensing signal than adsorption solely along the exposed lengths of the nanotubes.
Maximizing propylene production via FCC technology

This review looks at the main processes available for the production of light olefins with a focus on maximizing the production of propylene. Maximization of propylene production has become the focus of most refineries because it is in high demand and there is a supply shortage from modern steam crackers, which now produce relatively less propylene. The flexibility of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) to various reaction conditions makes it possible as one of the means to close the gap between supply and demand. The appropriate modification of the FCC process is accomplished by the synergistic integration of the catalyst, temperature, reaction-residence time, coke make, and hydrocarbon partial pressure. The main constraints for maximum propylene yield are based on having a suitable catalyst, suitable reactor configuration and reaction conditions.
Large Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Presenting With Pure Alexia

Alexia (the acquired inability to read) is an uncommon presenting complaint in the emergency department (ED). It is usually associated with a lesion in the brain located within the dominant hemisphere near the parieto-occipital junction, with some involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum. Our review of the literature revealed multiple distinct causes for the finding of alexia, and a majority of the cases uncovered also involved agraphia (the acquired inability to write) and frequently visual field defects. We present the case of an otherwise healthy 35-year-old white man who arrived at our ED with the chief complaint of having difficulty reading. He was, however, able to write, and he exhibited no defects in his visual fields on gross testing in our ED. The patient was found to have a large, acute, intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the right posterior/inferior parietal cortex, very near the occipital lobe. We present this case, followed by a brief discussion, to heighten awareness of the complaint of alexia with or without agraphia as a possible presenting symptom of intracranial hemorrhage, or ischemic cerebrovascular accident.
Solid optical ring interferometer for high-throughput feedback-free spectral analysis and filtering.

We describe a simple and inexpensive optical ring interferometer for use in high-resolution spectral analysis and filtering. It consists of a solid cuboid, reflection-coated on two opposite sides, in which constructive interference occurs for waves in a rhombic trajectory. Due to its monolithic design, the interferometer’s resonance frequencies are insensitive to environmental disturbances over time. Additional advantages are its simplicity of alignment, high-throughput, and feedback-free operation. If desired, it can be stabilized with a secondary laser without disturbance of the primary signal. We illustrate the use of the interferometer for the measurement of the spectral Mollow triplet from a quantum dot and characterize its long-term stability for filtering applications.
Recent results on designs with classical parameters

We report on recent results concerning designs with the same parameters as the classical geometric designs PG d (n, q) formed by the points and d-dimensional subspaces of the n-dimensional projective space PG(n, q) over the field GF(q) with q elements, where 1 ≤ d ≤ n−1. The corresponding case of designs with the same parameters as the classical geometric designs AG d (n, q) formed by the points and d-dimensional subspaces of the n-dimensional affine space AG(n, q) will also be discussed, albeit in less detail.
Design Strategy with a Class of Structural Reliability Models of High Dimension

The reliability-based optimization of structural systems with reliability models of high dimension is considered. The design process is written as a two-level nonlinear constrained optimization problem. The top-level includes the overall optimization in the design variables, whereas the sublevel problem corresponds to the failure probability estimates. Attention is directed toward problems in which the structural system is modeled as a series system of a large number of secondary failure elements. The problem of calculating the system failure probability is transformed to calculating the failure probability of the secondary failure events. It is assumed that the secondary failure events are relatively simple to describe and characterized by their design points. The probability content of the individual secondary failure events is approximated by a first-order estimate. The interaction of the secondary failure events is considered by an efficient importance sampling technique that is integrated into the optimization process. Several issues regarding the numerical implementation of the methodology are addressed. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by the optimization of a steel column loaded by a set of axial loads with stability and material failure modes.
Modeling of steel grade transition in continuous slab casting processes

Mathematical models have been developed and applied to investigate the composition distributions that arise during steel grade changes in the continuous slab casting processes. Three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent flow and transient mixing phenomena in the mold and the strand were calculated under conditions corresponding to a sudden change in grade. The composition distribution in the final slab was then predicted. Reasonable agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental concentration profiles in the slab centerlines. Intermixing in the center extends many meters below the transition point, while intermixing at the surface extends above. Higher casting speed increases the extent of intermixing. Mold width, ramping of casting speed, and nozzle design have only small effects. Slab thickness, however, significantly influences the intermixing length of the slab. The axial transport of solute due to turbulent eddy motion was found to be many orders of magnitude greater than molecular diffusion and thus dominates the resulting composition distribution. Different elements, therefore, exhibited the same mixing behavior under the same casting conditions, despite having different molecular properties. Numerical diffusion caused by the finite difference schemes was investigated and confirmed to be much less important than turbulent diffusion. In the lower portion of the strand (lower than 3 m below the meniscus), the convection and diffusion can be reasonably approximated as one-dimensional (1-D) axial flow.
Pericytes and vessel maturation during tumor angiogenesis and metastasis

Despite promising results in preclinical and clinical studies, the therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies has been restricted by a narrow focus on inhibiting the growth of endothelial cells. Other cell types in the tumor stroma are also critical to the progression of cancer, including mural cells. Mural cells are vascular support cells that range in phenotype from pericytes to vascular smooth muscle cells. Although the role of pericytes and pericyte-like cells in the pathophysiology of cancer is still unclear, evidence indicates that aberrations in pericyte-endothelial cell signaling networks could contribute to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate critically recent evidence on the role of pericytes in tumor biology and discuss potential therapeutic targets for anticancer intervention.
Whitman and Dickinson

There was a continued surge in Whitman-related publications in the year after the 150th anniversary of the first edition of Leaves of Grass, in the form of three scholarly monographs, a large collection of topical essays, an edited collection of writings from Horace Traubel’s Conservator, an encyclopedic companion to Whitman, a special issue of the Revue Francaise ďEtudes Americaines, and more than a dozen articles and book chapters, in addition to the many articles and notes published regularly in the Walt Whitman Quarterly Review. The Walt Whitman Archive completed the digitization of five volumes of Horace Traubel’s With Walt Whitman in Camden, among many other improvements and expansions to the site. Scholarship on Whitman continues to emphasize historical and cultural approaches, including substantial publications on Whitman and the visual arts, his class position and sexuality, the publi cation history of his works, and his reception and influence, particularly in transnational contexts. It was also a productive year in Dickinson scholarship, distinguished by two important new books, Paraic Finnerty’s Emily Dickinson’s Shakespeare and Thomas Gardner’s A Door Ajar: Contemporary Writers and Emily Dickinson; an issue of ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance devoted entirely to Dickinson; and a special issue of the Emily Dickinson Journal containing comments from seventeen important poets. Manuscript study continues to be of interest, and research into Dick inson’s treatment of nature and her contributions to ecocriticism is expanding.
Multisensor very lowbit rate speech coding using segment quantization

We present two approaches to noise robust very low bit rate speech coding using wideband MELP analysis/synthesis. Both methods exploit multiple acoustic and non-acoustic input sensors, using our previously-presented dynamic waveform fusion algorithm to simultaneously perform waveform fusion, noise suppression, and cross-channel noise cancellation. One coder uses a 600 bps scalable phonetic vocoder, with a phonetic speech recognizer followed by joint predictive vector quantization of the error in wideband MELP parameters. The second coder operates at 300 bps with fixed 80 ms segments, using novel variable-rate multistage matrix quantization techniques. Formal test results show that both coders achieve equivalent intelligibility to the 2.4 kbps NATO standard MELPe coder in harsh acoustic noise environments, at much lower bit rates, with only modest quality loss.
Spiraling Minimal Graphs

We consider minimal graphs \(\ u=u(x,y)>0\) over unbounded spiraling domains D with \(\ u=0\) on \(\partial D\). We show that such surfaces do exist, but only if the rate of spiraling is restricted. Restrictions are obtained through the method of extremal length of path families, and constructions are achieved by means of quasiconformal mappings.
Structural Basis of Enantioselective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 by S-α-Substituted Indomethacin Ethanolamides

The modification of the nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, by amidation presents a promising strategy for designing novel cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors. A series of alpha-substituted indomethacin ethanolamides, which exist as R/S-enantiomeric pairs, provides a means to study the impact of stereochemistry on COX inhibition. Comparative studies revealed that the R- and S-enantiomers of the alpha-substituted analogs inhibit COX-2 with almost equal efficacy, whereas COX-1 is selectively inhibited by the S-enantiomers. Mutagenesis studies have not been able to identify residues that manifest the enantioselectivity in COX-1. In an effort to understand the structural impact of chirality on COX-1 selectivity, the crystal structures of ovine COX-1 in complexes with an enantiomeric pair of these indomethacin ethanolamides were determined at resolutions between 2.75 and 2.85 A. These structures reveal unique, enantiomer-selective interactions within the COX-1 side pocket region that stabilize drug binding and account for the chiral selectivity observed with the (S)-alpha-substituted indomethacin ethanolamides. Kinetic analysis of binding demonstrates that both inhibitors bind quickly utilizing a two-step mechanism. However, the second binding step is readily reversible for the R-enantiomer, whereas for the S-enantiomer, it is not. These studies establish for the first time the structural and kinetic basis of high affinity binding of a neutral inhibitor to COX-1 and demonstrate that the side pocket of COX-1, previously thought to be sterically inaccessible, can serve as a binding pocket for inhibitor association.
pyd Genes of Rhizobium sp. Strain TAL1145 Are Required for Degradation of 3-Hydroxy-4-Pyridone, an Aromatic Intermediate in Mimosine Metabolism

Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 degrades the Leucaena toxin mimosine and its degradation product 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HP). The aim of this investigation is to characterize the Rhizobium genes for HP degradation and transport. These genes were localized by subcloning and mutagenesis on a previously isolated cosmid, pUHR263, containing mid genes of TAL1145 required for mimosine degradation. Two structural genes, pydA and pydB, encoding a metacleavage dioxygenase and a hydrolase, respectively, are required for degradation of HP, and three genes, pydC, pydD, and pydE, encoding proteins of an ABC transporter, are involved in the uptake of HP by TAL1145. These genes are induced by HP, although both pydA and pydB show low levels of expression without HP. pydA and pydB are cotranscribed, while pydC, pydD, and pydE are each transcribed from separate promoters. PydA and PydB show no homology with other dioxygenases and hydrolases in Sinorhizobium meliloti, Mesorhizobium loti, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Among various root nodule bacteria, the ability to degrade mimosine or HP is unique to some Leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium strains.
Functional roles for noise in genetic circuits

The genetic circuits that regulate cellular functions are subject to stochastic fluctuations, or ‘noise’, in the levels of their components. Noise, far from just a nuisance, has begun to be appreciated for its essential role in key cellular activities. Noise functions in both microbial and eukaryotic cells, in multicellular development, and in evolution. It enables coordination of gene expression across large regulons, as well as probabilistic differentiation strategies that function across cell populations. At the longest timescales, noise may facilitate evolutionary transitions. Here we review examples and emerging principles that connect noise, the architecture of the gene circuits in which it is present, and the biological functions it enables. We further indicate some of the important challenges and opportunities going forward.
Two-point fluorescence detection and automated fraction collection applied to constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis.

Constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE) has been shown to be a sensitive method to detect point mutations in DNA sequences of 100-bp lengths. Here, we report a significant modification...
Ruminative thinking: A distinctive sign of melancholia

Abstract We propose that ruminative thinking, the tendency to dwell on the same thought or theme, is useful for distinguishing melancholic from nonmelancholic major depression. We demostrate that the symptom can be rated reliably and that interview ratings are concordant with ward observation of the symptom. The frequency of ruminative thinking, rated retrospectively in a prior study, was 60% in 75 patients having autonomous depression while only 18% of 48 nonautonomous patients were so affected. In this study, we found that ruminative thinking, prospectively rated in 71 patients with unipolar major depression, was present in 53% of patients with DSM-III melancholia but only 11% of the nonmelancholic patients. The presence of ruminative thinking appears to be useful for making the diagnosis of melancholia and its definition may facilitate study of the psychobiology of this disorder.
Perioperative management of the geriatric patient. Part III: delirium.

to Delirium (acute confusion) is defined as diffuse impairment of higher cortical function characterized by a sudden onset of disordered cognition, dysfunction of the reticular activation system, and disturbed psychomotor behavior. It is often accompanied by adverse physiologic manifestations of autonomic nervous system instability. 1,2 Cholinergic pathways appear to pl a major role in the pathogenesis of delirium. Decrease in cholinergic activity correlates with the development of delirium. Medications with anticholinergic activity frequently can precipitate acute confusion in the elderly (Table I). Approximately 20% of elderly patients perience delirium postoperatively. 3,4 However, for pa tients 65 years of age and older who underwent hip fracture repair the incidence was much higher, 35% to 65%. Similarly, the incidence of delirium in patie who underwent coronary bypass surgery was 32 Finally, it has been estimated that up to 80% of hospitalized patients 70 years of age or older experience an episode of confusion. 2 The development of postopera tive delirium has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is an increased risk of major complications including myocardial infarction and postoperative pulmonary complications that include pneumonia and pulmonary edema. 4 Investigators have reported that in 20% to 30% of patients delirium is followed by death. 7,8 Consequently, delirium has bee shown to increase the risk of death, increase the length of hospital stay, and increase the likelihood of patients being discharged to long-term care facilities. 8,9
Gender gap in longevity and disability in older persons.

Women live longer than men, but older men have fewer disabilities than do older women. The purpose of this review is to examine the magnitude of the difference in longevity and disability that exists between older men and older women. Possible explanations for the differences in longevity and disability will be presented.
Engineering concepts and communication

Together the Departments of Engineering and English at the University of Denver designed and implemented a course that sustains freshman enrollment in engineering while teaching engineering design and fundamental communication skills by integrating the goals of two formerly separate courses: Expository Writing and Engineering Concepts 1. The link did not detract from the original goals of these courses nor stress the limited time resources of the participating faculty. We found that the design quality, technical ability, and CAD competency increased significantly, while improvement in the students' written skills exceeded our expectation. The engineering link produced English classes whose exit essay exams averaged scores in the top 9% of all university freshmen.
Novel MMSE design for joint MIMO processing in analog Network Coding schemes

A novel generalized iterative approach (GIA) is proposed for jointly designing the MMSE MIMO processors (precoders, relay processors and decoders) for the analog Network Coding scheme. The MMSE performance can be achieved for MIMO communication links with two end nodes and multiple relay nodes subject to either the per-node power constraint or the practical per-antenna power constraint. Numerical results show that the analog Network Coding scheme is more spectral and energy efficient than the conventional Direct Transmission (DT) scheme.
F508 CFTR interactome remodelling promotes rescue of cystic fibrosis

Deletion of phenylalanine 508 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (∆F508 CFTR) is the major cause of cystic fibrosis, one of the most common inherited childhood diseases. The mutated CFTR anion channel is not fully glycosylated and shows minimal activity in bronchial epithelial cells of patients with cystic fibrosis. Low temperature or inhibition of histone deacetylases can partly rescue ∆F508 CFTR cellular processing defects and function. A favourable change of ∆F508 CFTR protein-protein interactions was proposed as a mechanism of rescue; however, CFTR interactome dynamics during temperature shift and inhibition of histone deacetylases are unknown. Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of the CFTR and ∆F508 CFTR interactome and its dynamics during temperature shift and inhibition of histone deacetylases. By using a novel deep proteomic analysis method, we identify 638 individual high-confidence CFTR interactors and discover a ∆F508 deletion-specific interactome, which is extensively remodelled upon rescue. Detailed analysis of the interactome remodelling identifies key novel interactors, whose loss promote ∆F508 CFTR channel function in primary cystic fibrosis epithelia or which are critical for CFTR biogenesis. Our results demonstrate that global remodelling of ∆F508 CFTR interactions is crucial for rescue, and provide comprehensive insight into the molecular disease mechanisms of cystic fibrosis caused by deletion of F508.
Risk-benefit analysis of laparoscopic bariatric procedures

Bariatric surgery has evolved significantly over the last decade. The laparoscopic approach to bariatric surgery and the growing body of knowledge regarding the benefits of surgical weight loss has increased patient demand for these procedures. Surgeons are rapidly gaining interest in these challenging minimally invasive procedures as well. As we gain more experience with each of these procedures, though, it has not become clear which bariatric procedure is best suited for a specific patient. Currently, there are no clear data available to match a patient’s characteristics (fat distribution, eating behavior, comorbidities, psychosocial factors) with a specific procedure. The decision is made primarily based on the procedures offered by the surgeon and the patient’s willingness to accept a given level of risk and invasiveness (1).
Cost and potential of monolithic CIGS photovoltaic modules

A bottom-up cost analysis of monolithic, glass-glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) modules is presented, illuminating current cost drivers for this technology and possible pathways to reduced cost. At 14% module efficiency, for the case of U.S. manufacturing, a manufacturing cost of $0.56/WDC and a minimum sustainable price of $0.72/WDC were calculated. Potential for reduction in manufacturing costs to below $0.40/WDC in the long-term may be possible if module efficiency can be increased without significant increase in $/m2 costs. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in Phoenix, AZ under different conditions is assessed and compared to standard c-Si.
Conservative Treatment of Fractures of the Femur

A study of the results in thirty-nine fractures of the femur in thirty-nine children under sixteen years of age and fifty-nine fractures in fifty-six adults was made. These patients were all treated conservatively and, for the most part, by Russell's traction. Particular attention was paid to the final length and alignment of the femur, joint motion, hospital stay, and removal of all aids in ambulation such as braces and crutches.
The Conceptual Framework Underlying the Preparation of the Statement of Cash Flow

The objective of the statement of cash flow is to facilitate an understanding of the financial consequences of business activities by providing detail pertaining to the sources and uses of a company's cash. While the income statement and balance sheet are based on accrual accounting, the statement of cash flow is intended to represent the cash-flow consequences of business activities. Most of the challenge with preparing, and ultimately understanding, the statement of cash flow is due to a failure to appreciate the relation between the statement of cash flow and other financial statements. The purpose of this note is to discuss the conceptual framework underlying the preparation of the statement of cash flow that is based on that relation.
When in Rome: Testing the Moderating Influence of Neighborhood Composition on the Relationship Between Self-Control and Juvenile Offending

This study investigates the stability of self-control by examining whether neighborhood composition conditions the effect of self-control on offending. Congruent with social learning perspectives, I argue that neighborhood behavioral models provide a conduit for the expression of one’s self-control. Using data from the Project of Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), I examine multi-level zero-inflated negative binomial models that include cross-level interactions between self-control and aggregate self-control. I found that for the frequency of delinquency, but not serious offending, the effect of low self-control is amplified in neighborhoods identified as having low aggregate self-control. These findings provide evidence that the effect of low self-control on offending is not always invariant across neighborhoods.
A study of the relationship between coitus and the luteinizing hormone surge.

Twenty-seven wives participating in a study of sexual activity patterns had identifiable shifts in basal body temperature and midcycle surges of serum luteinizing hormone (LH). When sexual activity data were examined using the LH surge as a centering point, it was observed that the day before the LH surge had only an average probability of coitus and orgasm. These findings suggest that neither coitus nor orgasm often triggers ovulation in humans. This cannot be taken as evidence that coitus-induced ovulation never occurs.
Acoustic Emission Sensors for NDC of Carbon/Carbon

This report demonstrates how acoustic sensors can monitor changes in microstructure during the pyrolysis of Carbon/Carbon. In particular, we have demonstrated on flat plates up to one foot square in size that Acoustic Emissions (AE) are significantly different between normal microcracking associated with the chemo/physical changes during pyrolysis and the catastrophic delaminations that occur if the processing temperature/time treatment is incorrect. About 30 experimental runs have now been carried out, which show that AE provide precursor information in advance of delaminations so that the potential exists for making corrective changes during the processing treatment.
Cellular slime molds in forest soils of southwestern Virginia.

(1986). Cellular Slime Molds in Forest Soils of Southwestern Virginia. Mycologia: Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 500-502.
Identifying Grand Challenges Facing Social Work in the Next Decade: Maximizing Social Policy Engagement

ABSTRACTIn 2012, the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare launched an initiative to identify “ambitious yet achievable goals for society” that can guide the direction of social work in the next decade and help build concerted efforts to confront emerging social problems. We describe the development of the Grand Challenges for Social Work Initiative, including a model for achieving far-reaching impact on deeply significant problems, and outline strategies for maximizing policy involvement in this endeavor through social work education, community engagement, legislative advocacy, and national initiative involvement. An earlier version of this article was presented at the Policy Conference 2.0 held in Austin, Texas on May 29–31, 2014.
Efficacy of three kinds of poison baits against Blattella germanica in laboratory

Objective To test the efficacy of three kinds of poison baits against Blattella germanica in laboratory.Methods According to the national standard method.Results The LT50 of 5% propoxur,20%boricacid and 2.5%imidacloprid were 1.464 1,2.043 2 and 1.049 5 days respectively,the killing rates of three kinds of poison bait were all 100%.Conclusion The results indicated that three kinds of poison bait had good efficacy against Blattella germanica in laboratory.
Reverse Engineering Nature to Design Biomimetic Total Knee Implants

While contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides tremendous clinical benefits, the normal feel and function of the knee is not fully restored. To address this, a novel design process was developed to reverse engineer “biomimetic” articular surfaces that are compatible with normal soft-tissue envelope and kinematics of the knee. The biomimetic articular surface is created by moving the TKA femoral component along in vivo kinematics of normal knees and carving out the tibial articular surface from a rectangular tibial block. Here, we describe the biomimetic design process. In addition, we utilize geometric comparisons and kinematic simulations to show that; (1) tibial articular surfaces of conventional implants are fundamentally incompatible with normal knee motion, and (2) the anatomic geometry of the biomimetic surface contributes directly to restoration of normal knee kinematics. Such biomimetic implants may enable us to achieve the long sought after goal of a “normal” knee post-TKA surgery.
Alpha-oxoglutarate carboxylation in rat kidney mitochondria.

SummaryRat kidney mitochondria, incubated under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, catalyzed the reductive carboxylation of α-oxoglutarate. The rate of citrate accumulation was found to be an acceptable index of the rate of carboxylation. The projected maximal rate of the carboxylation which could occur in rat kidney was found to be 0.34 μmoles of α-oxoglutarate consumed/g of kidney/min.
Muscarinic Receptor Activation Affects Pulmonary Artery Contractility in Sheep: The Impact of Maturation and Chronic Hypoxia on Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Function.

Abstract Giang, Michael, Demosthenes G. Papamatheakis, Dan Nguyen, Ricardo Paez, Carla Blum Johnston, Joon Kim, Alexander Brunnell, Quintin Blood, Ravi Goyal, Lawrence D. Longo, and Sean M. Wilson. Muscarinic receptor activation affects pulmonary artery contractility in sheep: the impact of maturation and chronic hypoxia on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function. High Alt Med Biol. 17:122–132, 2015.—Muscarinic receptor activation in the pulmonary vasculature can cause endothelium-dependent vasodilation and smooth muscle-dependent vasoconstriction. Chronic hypoxia (CH) can modify both of these responses. This study aimed to assess the combined influence of CH and maturation on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent muscarinic-induced vasoreactivity. This was accomplished by performing wire myography on endothelium-intact or endothelium-disrupted pulmonary arterial rings isolated from normoxic or CH fetal and adult sheep. In endothelium-intact arteries, vasodilation was evalua...
Cryo-EM structures and atomic model of the HIV-1 strand transfer complex intasome.

Like all retroviruses, HIV-1 irreversibly inserts a viral DNA (vDNA) copy of its RNA genome into host target DNA (tDNA). The intasome, a higher-order nucleoprotein complex composed of viral integrase (IN) and the ends of linear vDNA, mediates integration. Productive integration into host chromatin results in the formation of the strand transfer complex (STC) containing catalytically joined vDNA and tDNA. HIV-1 intasomes have been refractory to high-resolution structural studies. We used a soluble IN fusion protein to facilitate structural studies, through which we present a high-resolution cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the core tetrameric HIV-1 STC and a higher-order form that adopts carboxyl-terminal domain rearrangements. The distinct STC structures highlight how HIV-1 can use the common retroviral intasome core architecture to accommodate different IN domain modules for assembly.
Computers in radiology. The sedation, analgesia, and contrast media computerized simulator: a new approach to train and evaluate radiologists' responses to critical incidents.

Background. Awareness and preparedness to handle sedation, analgesia, and contrast-media complications are key in the daily radiology practice. Objective. The purpose is to create a computerized simulator (PC-Windows-based) that uses a graphical interface to reproduce critical incidents in pediatric and adult patients undergoing a wide spectrum of radiologic sedation, analgesia and contrast media complications. Materials and methods. The computerized simulator has a comprehensive set of physiologic and pharmacologic models that predict patient response to management of sedation, analgesia, and contrast-media complications. Photorealistic images, real-time monitors, and mouse-driven information demonstrate in a virtual-reality fashion the behavior of the patient in crisis. Results. Thirteen pediatric and adult radiology scenarios are illustrated encompassing areas such as pediatric radiology, neuroradiology, interventional radiology, and body imaging. The multiple case scenarios evaluate randomly the diagnostic and management performance of the radiologist in critical incidents such as oversedation, anaphylaxis, aspiration, airway obstruction, apnea, agitation, bronchospasm, hypotension, hypertension, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, tachycardia, and myocardial ischemia. The user must control the airway, breathing and circulation, and administer medications in a timely manner to save the simulated patient. On-line help is available in the program to suggest diagnostic and treatment steps to save the patient, and provide information about the medications. A printout of the case management can be obtained for evaluation or educational purposes. Conclusion. The interactive computerized simulator is a new approach to train and evaluate radiologists' responses to critical incidents encountered during radiologic sedation, analgesia, and contrast-media administration.
Vibration of multistory buildings considering floor and wall deformations

Abstract The vibration problem of multistory buildings, considering both shear and bending deformations in floors and in stiffening walls, is formulated and methods for calculating the normal modes and associated natural frequencies are described and illustrated. A generalized slope deflection equation is used which takes into account shear deformation in addition to the flexural deformation conventionally included. This generalization permits the inclusion of shear deformation effects with no increase in the number of equations. Using this equation to represent the action of walls, a method for calcuating the modes and frequencies of stiffened multistory buildings is described. Going further and using the generalized equation to represent the action of floor slabs, a method for determining the two-dimensional modes and frequencies of stiffened and unstiffened multistory buildings with relatively long and narrow floors is presented. These modes and frequencies, which are not obtainable through the use of the usual analytical model, may be quite important in seismic design of this type of building. As illustrative examples, the theory and method are applied to the calculation of several modes and frequencies of a 10-story building and a 20-story stiffened building.
Tryptophan Metabolism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Secondary to Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Inflammatory Markers.

Objective:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the primary case of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation is associated with metabolic dysregulation in patients with T2D and CKD. Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism may have relevance to the CKD outcomes and associated symptoms. We investigated the relationships of TRP metabolism with inflammatory markers in patients with T2D and CKD.Methods:Data were collected from a well-characterized cohort of type 2 diabetic individuals with all stages of CKD, including patients on hemodialysis. Key TRP metabolites (kynurenine [KYN], kynurenic acid [KYNA], and quinolinic acid [QA]), proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and C-reactive protein were measured in plasma. The KYN/TRP ratio was utilized as a surrogate marker for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme activity.Results:There was a significant inverse association between circulating TRP level and stages of CKD (P < 0.0001). Downstream bioactive TRP metabolites KYN, KYNA, and...
Novel Anticoagulant Agents in the Perioperative Setting

An increasing number of oral anticoagulants have become available over the past decade. Each of these agents has differing implications on both regional and neuraxial anesthetic techniques. This article describes the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the most commonly used novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). It also outlines recent guidelines for the use of NOACs in the perioperative setting, especially with regard to neuraxial anesthesia.
Photochemical generation and trapping of 3-oxacyclohexyne.

The strained heterocyclic alkyne, 3-oxacyclohexyne, was generated photochemically for the first time using a cyclopropanated phenanthrene precursor, and trapped by cyclopentadienones as Diels–Alder adducts. The precursor initially produced the putative 3-oxacyclopentylidenecarbene that subsequently rearranged to the cycloalkyne. Computational studies indicate that the carbene favors a singlet state, and the barrier for its ring expansion by a 1,2-shift of the carbon proximal to oxygen is lower in energy than the corresponding shift of the distal carbon.
The Impact of Race on Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Diverse American Population.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is increasing at differential rates depending on race. We aimed to identify associations between race and survival after HCC diagnosis in a diverse American population. Using the cancer registry from Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospitals, we performed retrospective analysis of 999 patients diagnosed with HCC between 9/24/2004 and 12/19/2014. We identified clinical characteristics by reviewing available electronic medical records. The association between race and survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Median survival in days was 425 in Blacks, 904.5 in non-Hispanic Whites, 652 in Hispanics, 570 in Asians, and 928 in others, p < 0.01. Blacks and Asians presented at more advanced stages with larger tumors. Although Whites had increased severity of liver disease at diagnosis compared to other races, they had 36% reduced rate of death compared to Blacks, [hazard ratio (HR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.8, p < 0.01]. After adjusting for significant covariates, Whites had 22% (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61–0.99, p 0.04) reduced risk of death, compared to Blacks. Transplant significantly reduced rate of death; however, only 13.3% of Blacks had liver transplant, compared to 40.1% of Whites, p < 0.01. In this diverse sample of patients, survival among Blacks is the shortest after HCC diagnosis. Survival differences reflect a more advanced tumor stage at presentation rather than severity of underlying liver disease precluding treatment. Improving survival in minority populations, in whom HCC incidence is rapidly increasing, requires identification and modification of factors contributing to late-stage presentation.
High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials Enable Biomolecule Delivery and Transgene Expression or Silencing in Mature Plants

Genetic engineering of plants is at the core of sustainability efforts, natural product synthesis, and agricultural crop engineering. The plant cell wall is often a barrier that limits the ease and throughput with which exogenous biomolecules can be delivered to plants. Current delivery techniques suffer from host range limitations, low transformation efficiencies, toxicity, and unavoidable DNA integration into the host genome. Here, we demonstrate efficient diffusion-based biomolecule delivery into several species of mature plants with a suite of pristine and chemically-functionalized high aspect ratio nanomaterials. Efficient DNA delivery and strong transient protein expression is accomplished in mature Eruca sativa (arugula-dicot) and Triticum aestivum (wheat-monocot) leaves and protoplasts. We also demonstrate a second nanoparticle-based strategy in which small interfering RNA (siRNA) is delivered to mature Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, to effectively silence a gene with 95% efficiency. Our work provides a tool for species-independent, targeted, and passive delivery of genetic material, without transgene integration, into plant cells for diverse plant biotechnology applications.
Adaptive Capacity of the Monterey Bay Wetfish Fisheries: Proactive Responses to the 2015–16 El Niño Event

Natural resource sustainability depends on adaptive capacity: the latent ability of a social–ecological system to rely on or implement effective strategies to cope with disturbances. We propose and...