cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domain Motions in GroEL upon Binding of an Oligopeptide

GroEL assists protein folding by preventing the interaction of partially folded molecules with other non-native proteins. It binds them, sequesters them, and then releases them so that they can fold in an ATP-driven cycle. Previous studies have also shown that protein substrates, GroES, and oligopeptides bind to partially overlapped sites on the apical domain surfaces of GroEL. In this study, we have determined the crystal structure at 3.0A resolution of a symmetric (GroEL-peptide)(14) complex. The binding of each of these small 12 amino acid residue peptides to GroEL involves interactions between three adjacent apical domains of GroEL. Each peptide interacts primarily with a single GroEL subunit. Residues R231 and R268 from adjacent subunits isolate each substrate-binding pocket, and prevent bound substrates from sliding into adjacent binding pockets. As a consequence of peptide binding, domains rotate and inter-domain interactions are greatly enhanced. The direction of rotation of the apical domain of each GroEL subunit is opposite to that of its intermediate domain. Viewed from outside, the apical domains rotate clockwise within one GroEL ring, while the ATP-induced apical domain rotation is counter-clockwise.
A developmental psychopathology approach

This paper recounts my work with Anna, a 26-year-old married woman working in two part-time jobs, who presented with major depression. The high prevalence rates of depression, the comorbidity of depression with personality disorders (see Farmer & Nelson-Gray, 1990 ), and the long-term and destructive course of borderline personality disorder (BPD) present a formidable challenge both to mental health professionals and clinical researchers ( A. T. Beck, Freeman, & Associates, 1990 ; Gunderson & Zanarini, 1987 ; Linehan, 1993 ; Ryle, Leighton, & Pollock, 1997 ). Two main themes will be emphasized. First, the last 10 years has seen a burgeoning of clinical accounts, theoretical expositions, and clinical research of comorbid depression and personality disorders in the cognitive-behavioral tradition. This paper seeks to draw on this literature in describing and explaining the case of Anna. Second, a developmental psychopathology cognitive-behavioral approach is adopted in conceptualization and treatment planning.
Distance to voltage collapse through second-order eigenvalue sensitivity technique

In this paper, the voltage collapse phenomenon is discussed and a method that determines the distance to voltage collapse is proposed by using second-order eigenvalue sensitivity technique. Sensitivities to changes in load bus voltage and the level of voltage that is most sensitive to load changes can be determined by this method. The technique will also permit the determination of a minimum voltage level that can be estimated to track the status of the system as to how close and where the voltage collapse might occur. It will give not only the estimated distance, but also changes in the other state variables such as the load angle, the mth generator rotor angle and the system frequency.
Cyclophosphamide Induces an Early Wave of Acrolein-Independent Apoptosis in the Urothelium.

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) affects a significant number of patients undergoing cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy despite treatment with 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (Mesna) to inactivate the metabolite acrolein. While the mechanism is unknown, there is clearly acrolein-independent damage to the urothelium. In this study we have explored the induction of apoptosis in the urothelium as a marker of damage and the mechanism underlying the acrolein-independent apoptosis. Two waves of apoptosis (measured as caspase-3/7 activity and Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) cleavage) were detected following CP administration, one peaking at 2 h and a second at 48 h. The first wave was not blocked by Mesna, indicating it was independent of acrolein. Caspase-1 was also active at 2 h and activation of caspase-3/7 was blocked by a caspase-1 inhibitor, but not an IL-1 receptor antagonist, suggesting the direct activation of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1 without the need for IL-1 as an intermediate. Our results indicate that CP initiates an early, acrolein-independent wave of apoptosis that results from direct cleavage of caspase-3/7 by caspase-1.
Chemically selective gas sweetening without thermal-swing regeneration

Natural gas purifications using chemically selective hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sorbents could be more efficient if chemical selectivity for H2S could be maintained without thermal regeneration of the sorbent. We used tertiary alkanolamines to reversibly capture H2S in the absence of water to produce hydrosulfide-based ionic liquids in high yield. These alkanolammonium hydrosulfide ionic liquids release H2S by exposure to inert gas or by mild heating. H2S can be rapidly and nearly quantitatively released at ambient temperature from the alkanolammonium hydrosulfide ionic liquids by the addition of nonpolar antisolvents, some of which naturally phase separate from the spent alkanolamine. The antisolvent-induced regeneration of the alkanolamine potentially allows an efficient H2S gas scrubbing process that is chemically selective and can be operated continuously at or near ambient temperature.
Inverse Kinematics and Geometric Relations of an Intelligent Modified Stewart Platform for Thrust Vector Control

Adaptive or intelligent structures which have the capability for sensing and responding to their environment promise a novel approach to satisfying the stringent performance requirements of future space missions. This research effort focuses on the development of an intelligent thruster mount structure with precision positioning and active vibration suppression capability for use in a space satellite. The intelligent thruster mount would utilize piezoelectric stacks and patches for precision positioning and vibration suppression to provide fine-tuning of position tolerance for thruster alignment and low transmissibility of vibration to the satellite structure. This vibration, if not suppressed, renders sensitive optical or measurement equipment non-operational until the disturbance has dissipated. This intelligent system approach would greatly enhance mission performance by fine tuning attitude control, potentially eliminating the non-operational period as well as minimizing fuel consumption utilized for position correction. The configuration of the intelligent thruster mount system is that of a modified Stewart platform. Precision positioning of this structure is achieved using active composite strut members that use piezoelectric stack actuators and extend or contract to tilt the top device-plate where the thruster is mounted. The geometric relationship between the Stewart platform and the modified Stewart platform is described, and an inverse kinematics analysis of the modified Stewart platform has been developed and is used to determine the required axial displacement of the active struts for the desired angular tilt of the top device-plate. The active struts can participate in precision positioning as well as vibration suppression of the top device-plate where the thruster, i.e., the source of the unwanted vibrations and misalignment, is mounted. The proposed Thrust Vector Control (TVC) intelligent platform offers a promising method for achieving fine tuning of positioning tolerances of a thruster as well as minimizing the effects of the disturbances generated during thruster firing in spacecraft such as a satellite.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A suggested method for reporting landslide remedial measures

A brief list of landslide remedial measures is presented and a format for reporting landslide remediation is suggested. They make useful additions to the Landslide Report proposed by the International Union of Geological Sciences Working Group on Landslides (formerly the International Geotechnical Societies' UNESCO Working Party on World Landslide Inventory).
Efficient ambient WiFi energy harvesting technology and its applications

This paper is focused on powering wireless devices (including sensors) with high efficiency circuitry that can harvest ambient WiFi/Bluetooth energy and convert into direct current (dc). Herewith, we introduce a novel circuitry to generate a battery-like voltage from very low incoming RF energy (&#60;−20 dBm). The new RF energy harvesting front-end is demonstrated to have much better conversion efficiency than state-of-the-art commercial RF harvesting modules, notably for low power levels. Realization of this rectification circuitry is a game-changing technology in powering mobile devices. To verify our energy harvesting design, we carry out an experiment where our RF harvesting module provides enough power to drive a commercial temperature/humidity meter with an LCD display using nothing more than ambient WiFi signals in a typical office environment.
COMPUTER-TUTOR: From a student project to a self-paced CAI/CMI course

COMPUTER-TUTOR is a software package that presents interactively a self-paced, competency-based course in elementary FORTRAN programming. It developed from a project in a course where students design and implement a large-scale programming application. A COMPUTER-TUTOR course, presented on a PDP11/45, consists of nine modules-each module having a lesson, quiz, and programming assignment. A student must pass the quiz in a course-module before going on to the next module. The course grade depends on the number of modules completed. The student-commands LESSON, QUIZ, PROGRAM, OUTLINE, REVIEW, and INFORMATION bring the instructional material (CAI). The instructor uses eight support commands to monitor student progress and course material. COMPUTER-TUTOR will next be expanded to include courses in BASIC and COBOL.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Monitoring: pH (Catheter and Capsule) and Impedance

Diagnostic testing for GERD has evolved to include multi esophageal sites (distal, proximal and hypopharyngeal monitoring), wireless pH, and oropharyngeal devices. The versatility of the devices has increased our ability to better understand the role of acid reflux in various disorders involving reflux of acid. Wireless pH monitoring improves patient comfort and allows monitoring for gastroesophageal reflux events over several days. Ambulatory MII-pH monitoring is another exciting diagnostic tool, which is capable of detecting more than one type of reflux and achieves higher sensitivity and specificity to detect GERD than endoscopy or pH-metry. It is useful in patients with either typical or atypical reflux symptoms who are refractory to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. In this setting, MII-pH can be performed on PPI therapy to assess the efficacy of PPIs and the role of nonacid or acid reflux in persistent symptoms.
Smoke‐free laws and bar revenues in California – the last call

California was the first state to implement smoke-free restaurant and bar laws, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. We analyze how these laws affected the distribution of revenues between bars and restaurants. Critics of smoke-free bar laws have often claimed that a prohibition on smoking reduces bar revenues. Similar claims are made for the effects of smoke-free restaurant laws. Such claims implicitly assume that a smoke-free law reduces expenditures by smokers by more than it increases expenditures by non-smokers. Using tax revenue data from 1990 to 2002, our analysis suggests that the actual effect is just the opposite: the 1995 smoke-free restaurant law is associated with an increase in restaurant revenues, while the 1998 smoke-free bar law is associated with an increase in bar revenues.
The Classification of Elements in T × C*☆

Abstract In this paper, we give an explicit description of the good, semi-good, and bad elements in T × C *. These three concepts were introduced by Xi for proving the Deligne–Langlands conjecture for complex affine Hecke algebras when the order of the nonzero complex parameter q is not too small. First, we define the root graph of a root system and the degenerate paths associated with an element (s, q) ∈ T × C *. Then we establish a criterion for (s, q) being good in terms of the non-existence of the degenerate paths associated with (s, q) in the corresponding root graph. Finally, we distinguish the bad elements from the semi-good ones by the vanishing of the Poincare polynomial at q.
Role of dna genes of Escherichia coli in M13 phage replication

Abstract Escherichia coli mutants, all lacking DNA polymerase I and having single temperature-sensitive mutations in the five known dna genes, have been tested for their ability to support M13 phage synthesis at the restrictive temperature. The dnaA. product is required early after infection. Neither dnaA nor dnaB product is required late after infection. The products of dnaC (D), dnaE and dnaG genes are all required continuously for phage production. Unlike the effect of dnaE mutation, the effects of dnaC (D) and dnaG mutations on phage production, as well as on host DNA synthesis, are reversed by temperature shift-down. Unlike the wild-type strain, an endonuclease I- and DNA polymerase I-deficient strain with no temperature-sensitive lesion in DNA synthesis used as the control in the present studies is abortively infected at the restrictive temperature (44 °), but behaves like the wild type when the temperature is shifted up to 44 ° early after infection at permissive temperature.
Design of robust controllers and a nonlinear observer for the control of a single-link flexible robotic manipulator

Abstract Two robust nonlinear controllers along with a nonlinear observer have been developed in this study to control the rigid and flexible motions of a single-link robotic manipulator. The controllers and the observer have been designed based on a simplified model of the arm, which only accounts for the first elastic mode of the beam. The controllers consist of a conventional sliding mode controller (CSMC) and a fuzzy-sliding mode controller (FSMC). Moreover, the robust nonlinear observer has been designed based on the sliding mode methodology. The dynamic model, used in assessing the performances of the controllers and the observer, considers the first two elastic modes of the beam. The inclusion of the second elastic mode has been done to investigate the effects of unstructured uncertainties on the overall performance of the closed-loop system. The digital simulations have demonstrated the capability of the observer in yielding accurate estimates of the state variables in the presence of modeling uncertainties. Moreover, they served to prove the viability of using the observer to provide on-line estimates of the state variables for the computation of the control signals. The results have illustrated robust performances of the controllers and the observer in controlling the rigid and flexible motions of the manipulator in the presence of both structured and unstructured uncertainties. This was achieved irrespective of the differences in the initial conditions between the plant and the observer. Furthermore, the structural deformations, incurred by the beam at the onset of its movement, have been shown to be significantly reduced by fuzzy-tuning the η -control parameter. The results have demonstrated the superiority of the FSMC over the CSMC in producing less oscillatory and more accurate response of the angular displacement at the base joint, in damping out the unwanted vibrations of the beam, and in requiring significantly smaller control torques.
Responses of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus , to areas containing over-marks and single scent marks of two opposite-sex conspecifics

How an individual responds to scent marks and the information they receive from them may be affected by whether the scent marks are encountered singly or as part of an overmark, two overlapping scent marks. We tested the hypothesis that meadow voles that have encountered an area containing over-marks and single scent marks from two conspecifics respond preferentially to the donor that was last to deposit its scent marks compared to the donor that was first to deposit its scent marks. Males spent more time investigating the mark of the second female-scent donor than that of the first female-scent donor after they encountered 60% over-marks and 40% single scent marks from these donors. Females spent more time investigating the scent mark of the second male-scent donor than that of the first male-scent donor after they encountered at least 40% over-marks and 60% single marks. Interestingly, the proportions of over-marks that male and female voles needed to encounter to display a preference for the mark of the second scent donor over that of the second scent donor were similar to the proportion of scent marks males and females use to over-mark the scent marks of a same-sex conspecific.
An Education- and Telephone-Based Intervention to Improve Follow-up to Vision Care in Patients With Diabetes: A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized Trial.

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multipronged intervention on diabetic dilated fundus examination (DFE) adherence. In a prospective trial, 521 patients with diabetes who were due for follow-up DFEs were randomized to usual care or the intervention group. Usual care received a form letter reminder to schedule and an automated reminder phone call prior to their appointment. Intervention participants received an educational brochure about diabetic eye disease and a personalized letter reminder to schedule. A research assistant called intervention participants to help schedule the appointment, and they received a reminder letter and an automated phone call prior to the scheduled visit. Patients in the intervention group were significantly more likely to schedule (63% vs 40%; P < .0001) and complete their appointment (48% vs 30%; P < .0001) compared with usual care. A multipronged intervention, including an educational mailing and telephone assistance with scheduling an appointment, significantly...
Magnetohydrodynamic properties of extragalactic jets

The theory that magnetic fields are instrumental in the formation and propagation of jets in active galactic nuclei dates back four decades. Despite a recent growing consensus on this notion stemming from the results of numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows near black holes, the precise dynamical role of magnetic fields in observed parsec and kiloparsec jets remains uncertain. Some of the unanswered fundamental questions about extragalactic jets include the location where the flow becomes relativistic and where acceleration and collimation terminate, as well as the specifics of how the flow interacts with the ISM. Such observed properties as superluminal motions and wiggled structures based on numerical simulations to constitute the foundation of an MHD paradigm for extragalactic jets. We particularly focus our attention to the M87 jet, which is one of the best candidates to investigate relativistic outflows in extragalactic system.
Productive Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in Perihepatic Lymph Nodes In Vivo: Implications of HCV Lymphotropism

Background & Aims: The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C is poorly understood. This study examines the ability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to infect, replicate in, and produce progeny virus from perihepatic lymph nodes in vivo. Methods: Lymph node (LN) biopsy specimens were taken from 20 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and end-stage liver disease and 20 noninfected negative controls. Sections were probed with HCV RNA strand-specific riboprobes and antibodies specific for HCV core and nonstructural region 3 antigens plus B-cell (CD20) and T-cell (CD2) antigens. In a selected case, HCV quasispecies in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, liver, and perihepatic lymph nodes were analyzed by clonal frequency analysis and sequencing. Results: HCV infection was confirmed in 17 of 20 (85%) of lymph node specimens by in situ hybridization, and HCV replication was confirmed in 50% of cases by detection of HCV replicative intermediate RNA. HCV core and nonstructural 3 antigens were detected in lymph nodes by immunocytochemistry. Infected cell phenotypes were primarily CD20 B cells, although other cell types were positive for HCV replication markers. Quasispecies analysis in one case indicated that 68% of variants circulating in serum were also present in lymphoid tissues, and only 40% of serum variants were identified in liver, documenting a major contribution of lymphoid replication to HCV viremia. Conclusions: HCV lymphotropism provides new insights into the complex pathobiology of chronic hepatitis C in humans. We demonstrate for the first time a major contribution of extrahepatic HCV replication to circulating virus in serum (viremia).
Evaluation of through-time radial GRAPPA for functional cardiac imaging in a patient population

Methods 63 patients scheduled for routine CMR examinations were scanned on a 1.5T Siemens Avanto scanner with 12-18 receiver coils in this IRB and HIPPA-compliant study. The gold-standard gated and breathheld shortaxis cardiac functional examination was performed for each patient with a temporal resolution between 31 and 62 ms, GRAPPA R = 2, and an in-plane resolution between 1.4-2.6 mm. Real-time, ungated and freebreathing scans with through-time radial GRAPPA were also performed with a radial bSSFP sequence, temporal resolution of 42.2 ms, in-plane resolution of 2.3 mm, and a reduction factor of 8 (16 projections for a 128 matrix). Either 26 (23 patients) or 6 (40 patients) calibration frames were collected for the through-time radial GRAPPA scan. The total scan times were noted for each patient and type of scan. ESV, EDV, and EF values were computed for both the standard and the real-time cardiac datasets and evaluated for agreement using two-sample t-tests. Images were rated for specific features on a scale of 1 (no visibility) to 4 (excellent) by two board-certified cardiac imagers. The distributions of review ratings were compared using the Wilcoxon test. A two-sample t-test was performed to compare the scan durations.
Characterizing human cancer metabolomics with ex vivo 1H HRMAS MRS

Publications of proton high resolution magic angle spinning (1H HRMAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and its role in identification of metabolic markers for human cancer reported between 2005 and 2009 are reviewed according the anatomic sites of cancer: lung, breast, prostate, brain, colorectal, and cervical. Limited and insufficient screening options for the general public have indicated a need for more advanced tests that can identify and locate cancer at an early stage. 1H HRMAS MRS is a valuable tool that can elucidate relevant biological metabolite information that is being used to distinguish cancer from benign tissue, and even classify types of tumors. Researchers are working to translate this ex vivo spectroscopy information into an in vivo system that could be implemented in cancer clinics. For instance, in the case of lung cancer, the goal is to identify the at risk population through a simple blood test, which would be the first level of screening. From these tests, patients identified as at risk will be able to undergo further non-invasive radiological testing for diagnostic purposes. Not only will this ex vivo technology become a valuable diagnostic tool, it will also provide a way to monitor treatments on an individual basis so they can be adjusted accordingly for the best possible outcome.
A null-balance vidicon spectrophotometer.

Automatic control theory was applied to the null-balance processing of spectral data generated by a vidicon television camera. The spectrum, after passing through reference and sample cells, was focused on the vidicon faceplate. The camera detects a single wavelength with each horizontal scan. The scan generates monochromatic dark reference, source reference, and sample signals. The voltage signals (video) are processed by a nonlinear null-balance loop. The loop computes the ratio (I/I0)γ at each scanned wavelength. γ is a constant introduced by the vidicon light transfer characteristic. The train of horizontal scans generated in one vertical vidicon scan represents the scanned spectrum. The entire spectrum is thereby scanned without mechanical motion. The null-balance loop renders the spectrophotometer insensitive to changes in line voltage, amplifier drift, or shift in spectral sensitivity. The oscilloscope readout displays two horizontal lines representing 100% transmission and dark level as a function of wavelength. The sample absorption spectrum is traced between these two lines. (I/I0)γ is obtained by linear interpolation between these limits. γ has a numerical value of less than unity and therefore tends to compress the photometric scale (I/I0). That is, the low light level signals are of larger amplitude than those of a linear scale. γ becomes a constant coefficient of the extinction coefficient and presents no problem in quantitative chemical analysis.
Rotational Zeeman effect in carbon monoxide as determined by magnetic vibrational circular dichroism

The magnetic vibrational circular dichroism (MVCD) of carbon monoxide has been measured by use of a Fourier transform infrared vibrational circular dichroism spectrometer with an 8 T magnet. At 0.5 cm−1 resolution, the spectra are rotationally resolved, and both the sign and the magnitude of the g‐factor for the rotational Zeeman effect in C≡O can be determined using moment analysis to deconvolve the MVCD band shape. A rotational g value of −0.262 was obtained with an estimated error in accuracy of ±0.026 and a precision of ±0.011. Averaging individual gJ determinations for more than 30 transitions in the R‐ and P‐branches showed a much higher precision in the measurement. That this value agrees with the results of earlier, more precise, microwave‐based measurements as well as theoretical determinations of gJ confirms that MVCD can be used as an alternate method to determine molecular Zeeman g factors.
Length of history of schizophrenic disorder and anxiety as defined by skin resistance level.

Level of anxiety as represented in skin resistance levels (SRLs) was measured 5 times throughout the day in 60 hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Ss were classified into 3 groups of varying lengths of history of schizophrenic disorder and further subdivided into groups remaining on tranquilizing medication and groups receiving no medication for 84 hr. prior to testing. The comparison group (medicated) mean SRL differed significantly from that of the experimental group (non-medicated) mean SRL thus demonstrating the relevant effect of removal of the experimental Ss from medication. The experimental Ss tended to show significantly less anxiety (increased SRLs) and more variable levels of anxiety (increased variation in SRL) as a function of increasing chronicity. These findings were interpreted as supporting Mednick's learning theory hypothesis regarding anxiety in schizophrenic disorder.
Photoelectron imaging study of vibrationally mediated electron autodetachment in the type I isomer of the water hexamer anion

We exploit the high collection efficiency of negative ion photoelectron imaging for low energy electrons to monitor the energy and angular distributions of the photoelectrons arising from vibrational excitation of the water hexamer anion in the vicinity of the OH stretching fundamentals. Photoelectrons from the low electron binding energy isomer (type II) appear as a smoothly varying outer ring with the anisotropic angular distribution expected for direct photodetachment. The higher binding isomer (type I) yields very slow electrons that are strongly modulated through the OH stretching resonances, which are discussed in the context of a statistical (IVR-based) ejection mechanism.
Artificial intelligence in perspective: a retrospective on fifty volumes of the Artificial Intelligence Journal

This chapter contains sections titled: History of this issue, The contents of this issue, Conclusion, Bibliography of highly cited papers
The Impact of Ownership Structure on the Structure of Compensation Committees

The practice of appointing insiders to the compensation committee has drawn considerable criticism since compensation committees play an important role in executive compensation decisions. This paper examines the association between the firm’s ownership structure and the decision to use insiders on the compensation committee. The paper finds that CEO stock ownership is positively related to the presence of insiders on the compensation committee whereas the stockholdings of non-executive employees, as a group, is negatively related to the presence of insiders.
Disruptive insights in psychiatry: transforming a clinical discipline

Mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and depression have become the predominant chronic diseases of young people, accounting for approximately 40% of the medical burden for people aged 15-44 in the United States and Canada. Research is transforming our understanding of these disorders, as exemplified in the articles in this Review Series. Important, "disruptive" insights into pathophysiology are emerging from studies addressing these illnesses as brain disorders, developmental disorders, and complex genetic disorders--rather than only as psychological conflicts or chemical imbalances, as they were considered in the past. Current medications are not sufficient for most patients. A new and deep understanding of the pathophysiology of these disabling disorders is our best hope for a new generation of treatments that will help patients to recover.
The Durkheimian Relationship Between the Division of Labor and Population: Cross-National Historical Evidence*

Abstract The broad objective of the research reported here is to investigate among nations the relationship between population size and the division of labor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing upon the work of Durkheim and recent empirical studies, we argue that growth of cities, advanced levels of transportation and communication technology, and large population size should directly covary with the level of division of labor. An empirical test was done using samples of nations with data gathered from published censuses. Urbanization and transportation/communication technology are strongly associated with the division of labor. Contrary to expectations, the size of a nation has no association with its division of labor. A longitudinal analysis uncovers no strong relationship between population size and changes in the division of labor. We interpret these findings as providing mixed support for a modified Durkheimian model of the relationship between population and division of labor.
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL NUTRITION : V. THE EFFECT OF PLANT TISSUE UPON THE GROWTH OF ANAEROBIC BACILLI.

1. Certain anaerobic bacteria grow under aerobic conditions in plain broth in the presence of sterile unheated plant tissue. 2. Aerobic growth of anaerobic bacteria under the above conditions may be related to the presence of growth-accessory substances, and to the action of oxidizing-reducing systems of plant tissue in the destruction of toxic peroxides of bacterial origin.
Environmental invariants in the representation of motion: Implied dynamics and representational momentum, gravity, friction, and centripetal force

Memory for the final position of a moving target is often shifted or displaced from the true final position of that target. Early studies of this memory shift focused on parallels between the momentum of the target and the momentum of the representation of the target and called this displacementrepresentational momentum, but many factors other than momentum contribute to the memory shift. A consideration of the empirical literature on representational momentum and related types of displacement suggests there are at least four different types of factors influencing the direction and magnitude of such memory shifts: stimulus characteristics (e.g., target direction, target velocity), implied dynamics and environmental invariants (e.g., implied momentum, gravity, friction, centripetal force), memory averaging of target and nontarget context (e.g., biases toward previous target locations or nontarget context), and observers’ expectations (both tacit and conscious) regarding future target motion and target/context interactions. Several theories purporting to account for representational momentum and related types of displacement are also considered.
Abstract 140: The role of Abl kinases in breast cancer bone metastasis

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Abl kinases are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases consisting of two members, Abl1 and Abl2 (Arg). In recent years, accumulating data support a role of Abl kinases in breast cancer that harbor enhanced expression and/or activation of these kinases. The Cancer Genome Atlas has recently reported that Abl2 is among the most highly amplified genes and overexpression of Abl2 correlates with poor survival in invasive breast cancer. In addition, Abl kinases are activated downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, chemokine receptors and src family kinases, all of which are deregulated in breast cancer and drive tumor proliferation and invasion. In this study, we have uncovered a critical role of Abl kinases in the regulation of breast cancer metastasis to the bone. We found that the incidence of bone metastasis is significantly greater in breast cancer patients with high Abl expression. Using global transcriptome analysis (RNAseq) of breast cancer cells we uncovered a novel role for Abl kinases in regulating the expression of multiple pro-bone metastasis genes. Furthermore, both pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference mediated knockdown of Abl kinases resulted in markedly decreased osteolytic metastasis in vivo and decreased osteoclast activation in vitro. Together these findings support a role for Abl kinases in promoting osteolytic metastasis and suggest that Abl dependent signaling may be targeted to inhibit this process. Citation Format: Jun Wang. The role of Abl kinases in breast cancer bone metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-140
Correlating one-photon, two-photon and excited state spectroscopy of CdSe quantum dots

We present two-photon absorption and excited-state absorption spectra of quantum dots of various sizes. From the linear and transient spectra we determine transition dipole moments between the states and compare them with the two-photon cross sections.
Coordination polymers composed of copper(II), trimesic acid, and imidazole: 3D architecture stabilized by hydrogen bonding.

The coordination polymers {[Cu3(TMA)2(Im)6(H2O)]·7H2O}n (1) and {[Cu3(TMA)2(Me-Im)6(H2O)]·16H2O}n (2) were synthesized by combining copper sulfate, TMA, and either Im or Me-Im in water. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that both compounds are composed of 2D sheets of Cu2+ cations and TMA3- anions. Hydrogen bonding between sheets in 1 stabilizes its 3D structure, while 2 is destabilized because of the absence of intersheet hydrogen bonding.
Comparing Two Studies of Crisis Bargaining: Confrontation, Coercion, and Reciprocity

This article employs events data to compare two studies of crisis bargaining: a qualitative study by Snyder and Diesing based on comparative case studies, and a quantitative study by Leng and Wheeler. Three propositions are tested: (1) both disputants will adopt increasingly coercive bargaining strategies during the confrontation phase of the crisis; (2) the structure of the crisis will determine the strategies of each side once the crisis turning point is reached; (3) to maximize success, each disputant should follow a strategy consistent with the crisis structure. The authors find strong support for the first proposition, little support for the second, and modest support for the third. Interesting parallels between Snyder and Diesing's study and Leng and Wheeler's regarding the overall effectiveness of reciprocating bargaining strategies emerge.
Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Metropolitan Areas of the United States by Individual-Level and Area-Based Measures of Socioeconomic Status, 2000 to 2002

Background: Few studies have examined cancer screening among women residing in metropolitan areas in relation to both individual-level and area-based measures of socioeconomic status (SES). To learn more, we examined self-reported rates of Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among women living in metropolitan areas in relation to individual-level measures of SES (household income and education), and area-based measures of SES (percentage of residents living in poverty, percentage with low education, and percentage working class). Methods: Data were obtained from women who were interviewed by telephone during 2000 and 2002 as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Self-reported county of residence was used to classify respondents as residents of metropolitan statistical areas. Only BRFSS respondents who resided in 35 metropolitan statistical areas with a population of ≥1.5 million in 2000 were included in this analysis. Analyses were limited to women ages ≥18 years with no history of hysterectomy ( n = 49,231). Area-based measures of SES were obtained by using county-level information from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results: Only 75.4% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 73.8-77.1%] of 3,947 women ages ≥18 years who had a reported household income of <$15,000 per year had received a Pap test in the previous 3 years, compared with 92.2% (95% CI, 91.2-93.1%) of 18,698 women with a household income of ≥$50,000. Overall, 77.5% (95% CI, 75.7-79.3%) of women without a high school education had received a Pap test compared with 91.7% (91.0-92.3%) of college graduates. In multivariate analysis, we also found education level to be positively associated with Pap testing rates, especially among women residing in areas where a relatively low percentage of residents had a low education level ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Individual-level measures of SES may be modified by county-level measures of SES. Analyses of cancer screening rates by measures of income, educational attainment, and other factors may help health officials to better direct their finite resources to areas of greatest need. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(11):2154–9)
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Anal Cancer

Purpose To compare the cost-effectiveness of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for anal cancer and determine disease, patient, and treatment parameters that influence the result. Methods and Materials A Markov decision model was designed with the various disease states for the base case of a 65-year-old patient with anal cancer treated with either IMRT or 3D-CRT and concurrent chemotherapy. Health states accounting for rates of local failure, colostomy failure, treatment breaks, patient prognosis, acute and late toxicities, and the utility of toxicities were informed by existing literature and analyzed with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results In the base case, mean costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy in years (QALY) for IMRT and 3D-CRT were $32,291 (4.81) and $28,444 (4.78), respectively, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $128,233/QALY for IMRT compared with 3D-CRT. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found that IMRT was cost-effective in 22%, 47%, and 65% of iterations at willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000, $100,000, and $150,000 per QALY, respectively. Conclusions In our base model, IMRT was a cost-ineffective strategy despite the reduced acute treatment toxicities and their associated costs of management. The model outcome was sensitive to variations in local and colostomy failure rates, as well as patient-reported utilities relating to acute toxicities.
Ablation of right and left ectopic atrial tachycardias using a three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping system

We report our experience with mapping and ablation of right and left atrial tachycardia using a 3-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping system. Twenty-nine ectopic atrial tachycardias were successfully ablated. This novel mapping system has the potential to increase a successful cure of this arrhythmia by catheter ablation.
An algorithm for recognition and localization of rotated and scaled objects

An algorithm for recognition and localization of objects, which is invariant to the displacement and the rotation of objects, was developed by Kammenous [1]. This letter extends the algorithm to recognition and localization of objects that are scaled, rotated and displaced, while retaining the order of the number of computations.
A clique-detection algorithm based on neighborhoods in graphs

The notion of cliques is the logical starting point for a broad class of clustering problems. Algorithms for the identification of the cliques of a graph are of great importance in automatic classification by computer. This paper presents an approach which proceeds recursively from the given graph downward through a chain of subgraphs. The proposed approach permits the removal of more than a single point in the progression from one subgraph to the next, thus reducing the number of iterations required for completion.
Photopolymerization in Pluronic Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: Induced Mesophase Thermal Stability

Nanostructured polymers are of significant interest due to their potential use in applications ranging from ultrafiltration membranes to catalysis supports. To date, much research has focused on using small molecular weight surfactants that form lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) as polymerization templates or polymerizing reactive LLCs to form such nanostructure in polymers. LLC phases formed from small molecular weight surfactants, however, are in and of themselves neither thermally nor mechanically stable, often rendering it difficult to preserve the LLC structure throughout polymerization. A relatively new class of surfactant molecules, Pluronic block copolymers, may afford increased flexibility in nanostructure development when used as polymerization templates. This work has focused on the photopolymerization of water and oil-soluble monomers in Pluronic lyotropic liquid crystals. In particular, the effect that LLC order and monomer segregation behavior has on monomer polymerization rate has been exami...
Investigation of the thermodynamics of V-O solid solutions by distribution coefficient measurements in the V-O-Na system

The activity coefficient of oxygen in vanadium was determined at 600‡, 650‡, 700‡, and 750"C by equilibrium distribution coefficient measurements in the V-O-Na system. The activity of oxygen in vanadium exhibits a significant negative deviation from Raoult's law (standard states: γ= 1at N = N‡). The activity coefficient is adequately expressed by the reciprocal temperature dependence, which is characteristic of a regular solution. The low oxygen pressures required for this investigation were attained by controlling the oxygen concentration in liquid sodium at levels below 20 ppm. The V(O sat)-ONa-V5O phase boundary and the equilibrium distribution of oxygen between vanadium and sodium were also determined in the temperature range 500‡ to 850‡C.
Separated Flow Measurements on a Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoil

Boundary layer separation, transition, and reattachment have been studied on a new, very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under low freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Velocity profiles were acquired in the suction side boundary layer at several streamwise locations using hot-wire anemometry. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) ranging from 25,000 to 330,000. In all cases, the boundary layer separated, but at high Reynolds number the separation bubble remained very thin and quickly reattached after transition to turbulence. In the low Reynolds number cases, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, even when transition occurred. This behavior contrasts with previous research on other airfoils, in which transition, if it occurred, always induced reattachment, regardless of Reynolds number.
Oxygen regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: insights into molecular mechanisms and relevance to disease

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmentally vital, molecularly complex cellular process by which epithelial cells lose apico–basal polarity and cell–cell contact, become motile, and acquire mesenchymal characteristics. Under pathophysiological conditions EMT has a central role in cancer progression and metastasis, and has been associated with fibrotic disorders. Microenvironmental changes such as alterations in oxygen levels and activation of hypoxic signaling through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are emerging as important triggers and modulators of EMT. Recent insights into potential molecular mechanisms underlying oxygen-dependent regulation of this process and their relevance to disease are discussed.
Association between prepregnancy maternal body mass index and the risk of having an infant with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

BACKGROUND A previous study observed that women who are underweight prior to conception were significantly more likely to have infants affected by congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The objective of the current study was to examine the association between maternal body mass index and the risk of a CDH-affected offspring based on a larger number of cases of CDH. METHODS A case control study was conducted using data collected by the Boston University Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, which identifies infants with major malformations who are born in the metropolitan area surrounding Boston, Massachusetts; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Control infants were selected from infants without malformations who were born in the same areas. The study included 85 cases of CDH and 655 controls delivered between 1993 and 1997. RESULTS After adjustment for maternal education and maternal age, we observed that women who were thin or underweight for their height (body mass index ≤ 19.0 kg/m2) had an increased risk of having an infant with isolated CDH (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 0.92–4.1), but no increase in the risk of having a CDH infant with multiple defects (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.29–2.6) compared with all other women. CONCLUSIONS Although our finding for isolated CDH was not statistically significant (P = 0.08), it suggests that the offspring of thin or underweight women may have an increased risk of isolated CDH. This finding requires confirmation. If it is confirmed, further research on factors associated with being underweight should be explored such as diet, exercise, and use of drugs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:73–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.